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Pezzotti G, Ohgitani E, Imamura H, Ikegami S, Shin-Ya M, Adachi T, Adachi K, Yamamoto T, Kanamura N, Marin E, Zhu W, Higasa K, Yasukochi Y, Okuma K, Mazda O. Raman Multi-Omic Snapshot and Statistical Validation of Structural Differences between Herpes Simplex Type I and Epstein-Barr Viruses. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15567. [PMID: 37958551 PMCID: PMC10647490 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Raman spectroscopy was applied to study the structural differences between herpes simplex virus Type I (HSV-1) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Raman spectra were first collected with statistical validity on clusters of the respective virions and analyzed according to principal component analysis (PCA). Then, average spectra were computed and a machine-learning approach applied to deconvolute them into sub-band components in order to perform comparative analyses. The Raman results revealed marked structural differences between the two viral strains, which could mainly be traced back to the massive presence of carbohydrates in the glycoproteins of EBV virions. Clear differences could also be recorded for selected tyrosine and tryptophan Raman bands sensitive to pH at the virion/environment interface. According to the observed spectral differences, Raman signatures of known biomolecules were interpreted to link structural differences with the viral functions of the two strains. The present study confirms the unique ability of Raman spectroscopy for answering structural questions at the molecular level in virology and, despite the structural complexity of viral structures, its capacity to readily and reliably differentiate between different virus types and strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Pezzotti
- Ceramic Physics Laboratory, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Sakyo-Ku, Matsugasaki, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan; (H.I.); (S.I.); (W.Z.)
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Science, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shin-Machi, Hirakata 573-1010, Japan
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-Ku, 465 Kajii-Cho, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (E.O.); (M.S.-Y.); (T.A.); (O.M.)
- Department of Dental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-Ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (K.A.); (T.Y.); (N.K.)
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishi-Shinjuku, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
- Department of Molecular Science and Nanosystems, Ca’ Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venice, Italy
| | - Eriko Ohgitani
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-Ku, 465 Kajii-Cho, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (E.O.); (M.S.-Y.); (T.A.); (O.M.)
| | - Hayata Imamura
- Ceramic Physics Laboratory, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Sakyo-Ku, Matsugasaki, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan; (H.I.); (S.I.); (W.Z.)
- Department of Dental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-Ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (K.A.); (T.Y.); (N.K.)
| | - Saki Ikegami
- Ceramic Physics Laboratory, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Sakyo-Ku, Matsugasaki, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan; (H.I.); (S.I.); (W.Z.)
| | - Masaharu Shin-Ya
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-Ku, 465 Kajii-Cho, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (E.O.); (M.S.-Y.); (T.A.); (O.M.)
| | - Tetsuya Adachi
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-Ku, 465 Kajii-Cho, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (E.O.); (M.S.-Y.); (T.A.); (O.M.)
- Department of Dental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-Ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (K.A.); (T.Y.); (N.K.)
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shinmachi, Hirakata 573-1010, Japan;
| | - Keiji Adachi
- Department of Dental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-Ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (K.A.); (T.Y.); (N.K.)
| | - Toshiro Yamamoto
- Department of Dental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-Ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (K.A.); (T.Y.); (N.K.)
| | - Narisato Kanamura
- Department of Dental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-Ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (K.A.); (T.Y.); (N.K.)
| | - Elia Marin
- Ceramic Physics Laboratory, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Sakyo-Ku, Matsugasaki, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan; (H.I.); (S.I.); (W.Z.)
- Department of Dental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-Ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (K.A.); (T.Y.); (N.K.)
| | - Wenliang Zhu
- Ceramic Physics Laboratory, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Sakyo-Ku, Matsugasaki, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan; (H.I.); (S.I.); (W.Z.)
| | - Koichiro Higasa
- Genome Analysis, Institute of Biomedical Science, Kansai Medical University, 2-3-1 Shinmachi, Hirakata 573-1191, Japan; (K.H.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Yoshiki Yasukochi
- Genome Analysis, Institute of Biomedical Science, Kansai Medical University, 2-3-1 Shinmachi, Hirakata 573-1191, Japan; (K.H.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Kazu Okuma
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shinmachi, Hirakata 573-1010, Japan;
| | - Osam Mazda
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-Ku, 465 Kajii-Cho, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (E.O.); (M.S.-Y.); (T.A.); (O.M.)
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Zhang Y, Ren L, Wang Q, Wen Z, Liu C, Ding Y. Raman Spectroscopy: A Potential Diagnostic Tool for Oral Diseases. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:775236. [PMID: 35186787 PMCID: PMC8855094 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.775236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral diseases impose a major health burden worldwide and have a profound effect on general health. Dental caries, periodontal diseases, and oral cancers are the most common oral health conditions. Their occurrence and development are related to oral microbes, and effective measures for their prevention and the promotion of oral health are urgently needed. Raman spectroscopy detects molecular vibration information by collecting inelastic scattering light, allowing a “fingerprint” of a sample to be acquired. It provides the advantages of rapid, sensitive, accurate, and minimally invasive detection as well as minimal interference from water in the “fingerprint region.” Owing to these characteristics, Raman spectroscopy has been used in medical detection in various fields to assist diagnosis and evaluate prognosis, such as detecting and differentiating between bacteria or between neoplastic and normal brain tissues. Many oral diseases are related to oral microbial dysbiosis, and their lesions differ from normal tissues in essential components. The colonization of keystone pathogens, such as Porphyromonas gingivalis, resulting in microbial dysbiosis in subgingival plaque, is the main cause of periodontitis. Moreover, the components in gingival crevicular fluid, such as infiltrating inflammatory cells and tissue degradation products, are markedly different between individuals with and without periodontitis. Regarding dental caries, the compositions of decayed teeth are transformed, accompanied by an increase in acid-producing bacteria. In oral cancers, the compositions and structures of lesions and normal tissues are different. Thus, the changes in bacteria and the components of saliva and tissue can be used in examinations as special markers for these oral diseases, and Raman spectroscopy has been acknowledged as a promising measure for detecting these markers. This review summarizes and discusses key research and remaining problems in this area. Based on this, suggestions for further study are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liang Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhining Wen
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chengcheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Chengcheng Liu, ; Yi Ding,
| | - Yi Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Chengcheng Liu, ; Yi Ding,
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Rai A, Shrivastava P, Kumar A, Aggarwal Y, Kumar A, Agrawal A. Diagnostic accuracy of Vibrational spectroscopy in the diagnosis of oral potentially malignant and malignant disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Cancer Res Ther 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_2275_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Czaplicka M, Kowalska AA, Nowicka AB, Kurzydłowski D, Gronkiewicz Z, Machulak A, Kukwa W, Kamińska A. Raman spectroscopy and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) spectra of salivary glands carcinoma, tumor and healthy tissues and their homogenates analyzed by chemometry: Towards development of the novel tool for clinical diagnosis. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1177:338784. [PMID: 34482902 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study, two approaches to salivary glands studies are presented: Raman imaging (RI) of tissue cross-section and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) of tissue homogenates prepared according to elaborated protocol. Collected and analyzed data demonstrate the significant potential of SERS combined with multivariate analysis for distinguishing carcinoma or tumor from the normal salivary gland tissues as a rapid, label-free tool in cancer detection in oncological diagnostics. Raman imaging allows a detailed analysis of the cell wall's chemical composition; thus, the compound's distribution can be semi-quantitatively analyzed, while SERS of tissue homogenates allow for detailed analysis of all moieties forming these tissues. In this sense, SERS is more sensitive and reliable to study any changes in the area of infected tissues. Principal component analysis (PCA), as an unsupervised pattern recognition method, was used to identify the differences in the SERS salivary glands homogenates. The partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), the supervised pattern classification technique, was also used to strengthen further the computed model based on the latent variables in the SERS spectra. Moreover, the chemometric quantification of obtained data was analyzed using principal component regression (PCR) multivariate calibration. The presented data prove that the PCA algorithm allows for 91% in seven following components and the determination between healthy and tumor salivary gland homogenates. The PCR and PLS-DA methods predict 90% and 95% of the variance between the studied groups (in 6 components and 4 factors, respectively). Moreover, according to calculated RMSEC (RMSEP), R2C (R2P) values and correlation accuracy (based on the ROC curve), the PLS-DA model fits better for the studied data. Thus, SERS methods combined with PLS-DA analysis can be used to differentiate healthy, neoplastic, and mixed tissues as a competitive tool in relation to the commonly used method of histopathological staining of tumor tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Czaplicka
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - A A Kowalska
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - A B Nowicka
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - D Kurzydłowski
- Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University in Warsaw, Dewajtis 5, 01-815, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Z Gronkiewicz
- Szpital Czerniakowski, Medical University of Warsaw, Żwirki I Wigury 61, 02-091, Warsaw, Poland
| | - A Machulak
- Szpital Czerniakowski, Medical University of Warsaw, Żwirki I Wigury 61, 02-091, Warsaw, Poland
| | - W Kukwa
- Szpital Czerniakowski, Medical University of Warsaw, Żwirki I Wigury 61, 02-091, Warsaw, Poland
| | - A Kamińska
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland.
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Kinoshita H, Miyoshi N, Ogasawara T. Imaging of Oral SCC Cells by Raman Micro-Spectroscopy Technique. Molecules 2021; 26:3640. [PMID: 34203597 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26123640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We used Raman micro-spectroscopy technique to analyze the molecular changes associated with oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cells in the form of frozen tissue. Previously, Raman micro-spectroscopy technique on human tissue was mainly based on spectral analysis, but we worked on imaging of molecular structure. In this study, we evaluated the distribution of four components at the cell level (about 10 μm) to describe the changes in protein and molecular structures of protein belonging to malignant tissue. We analyzed ten oral SCC samples of five patients without special pretreatments of the use of formaldehyde. We obtained cell level images of the oral SCC cells at various components (peak at 935 cm−1: proline and valine, 1004 cm−1: phenylalanine, 1223 cm−1: nucleic acids, and 1650 cm−1: amide I). These mapping images of SCC cells showed the distribution of nucleic acids in the nuclear areas; meanwhile, proline and valine, phenylalanine, and amide I were detected in the cytoplasm areas of the SCC cells. Furthermore, the peak of amide I in the cancer area shifts to the higher wavenumber side, which indicates the α-helix component may decrease in its relative amounts of protein in the β-sheet or random coil conformation. Imaging of SCC cells with Raman micro-spectroscopy technique indicated that such a new observation of cancer cells is useful for analyzing the detailed distribution of various molecular conformation within SCC cells.
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Obade AY, Pandarathodiyil AK, Oo AL, Warnakulasuriya S, Ramanathan A. Application of optical coherence tomography to study the structural features of oral mucosa in biopsy tissues of oral dysplasia and carcinomas. Clin Oral Investig 2021; 25:5411-5419. [PMID: 33629155 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-03849-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to examine the ability of optical coherence tomography (OCT) to differentiate ex vivo epithelial structure of benign disorders, dysplastic, and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in comparison with the structure of normal marginal mucosa of oral biopsies. As a secondary objective, we examined the inter- and intra-observer variations of OCT measurements of two calibrated assessors. MATERIALS AND METHODS Oral biopsies (n = 44) were scanned using the swept source OCT (SSOCT) and grouped by pathology diagnosis to benign, dysplasia or carcinoma. Two trained and calibrated assessors scored on the five OCT variables: thickness of keratin layer (KL), epithelial layer (EL), homogeneity of lamina propria (LP), basement membrane integrity (BMI), and the degree of reflection of the epithelial layer (Ep Re). Chi-square tests and Fischer's exact method were used to compare the data. RESULTS The OCT images showed breached BM status in all the OSCC samples (100%). Epithelial reflection was noted to be hyper-reflective in all the OSCC and oral dysplasia samples (100%). An increase in KL in 66.67% of the OSCC and 100% of the oral dysplasia samples was found. EL was increased in all the OSCC samples (100%) and 85.72% of the oral dysplasias. Kappa values showed that there was very good agreement (over 0.7) when scoring individual parameters between the two assessors. CONCLUSION The study showed that the BM status was a key parameter in the detection of SCC and for differentiating SCC from oral dysplasia or benign disorders. CLINICAL RELEVANCE OCT is a non-invasive and non-radioactive adjunct diagnostic tool that can provide immediate results on the structure of oral mucosa. The BM status measured ex vivo was a key parameter in the detection of SCC and for differentiating SCC from oral dysplasia or benign disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Yassen Obade
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Aung Lwin Oo
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Oral Cancer Research and Coordinating Centre, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Anand Ramanathan
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. .,Oral Cancer Research and Coordinating Centre, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Matthies L, Gebrekidan MT, Tegtmeyer JF, Oetter N, Rohde M, Vollkommer T, Smeets R, Wilczak W, Stelzle F, Gosau M, Braeuer AS, Knipfer C. Optical diagnosis of oral cavity lesions by label-free Raman spectroscopy. Biomed Opt Express 2021; 12:836-851. [PMID: 33680545 PMCID: PMC7901324 DOI: 10.1364/boe.409456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most prevalent cancers and frequently preceded by non-malignant lesions. Using Shifted-Excitation Raman Difference Spectroscopy (SERDS), principal component and linear discriminant analysis in native tissue specimens, 9500 raw Raman spectra of OSCC, 4300 of non-malignant lesions and 4200 of physiological mucosa were evaluated. Non-malignant lesions were distinguished from physiological mucosa with a classification accuracy of 95.3% (95.4% sensitivity, 95.2% specificity, area under the curve (AUC) 0.99). Discriminating OSCC from non-malignant lesions showed an accuracy of 88.4% (93.7% sensitivity, 76.7% specificity, AUC 0.93). OSCC was identified against physiological mucosa with an accuracy of 89.8% (93.7% sensitivity, 81.0% specificity, AUC 0.90). These findings underline the potential of SERDS for the diagnosis of oral cavity lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Levi Matthies
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Martinistraße 52, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Medhanie T. Gebrekidan
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen Graduate School in Advanced Optical Technologies (SAOT), Paul-Gordan-Straße 6, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg (TUBAF), Institute of Thermal-, Environmental- and Resources‘ Process Engineering (ITUN), Leipziger Straße 28, D-09599 Freiberg, Germany
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Jasper F. Tegtmeyer
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Martinistraße 52, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nicolai Oetter
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen Graduate School in Advanced Optical Technologies (SAOT), Paul-Gordan-Straße 6, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Glückstraße 11, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Maximilian Rohde
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Glückstraße 11, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tobias Vollkommer
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Martinistraße 52, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ralf Smeets
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Martinistraße 52, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Waldemar Wilczak
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Institute of Pathology, Martinistraße 52, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Florian Stelzle
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen Graduate School in Advanced Optical Technologies (SAOT), Paul-Gordan-Straße 6, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Glückstraße 11, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Martin Gosau
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Martinistraße 52, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreas S. Braeuer
- Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg (TUBAF), Institute of Thermal-, Environmental- and Resources‘ Process Engineering (ITUN), Leipziger Straße 28, D-09599 Freiberg, Germany
| | - Christian Knipfer
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Martinistraße 52, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
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Abstract
Introduction: Buccal mucosa has been described as an attractive site for local and systemic drug delivery, owing its accessibility, safety, and excellent blood supply. The absorption of drugs through buccal mucosa has been assessed by in vivo, ex vivo and in vitro permeability studies, using animal and cell-based models with close resemblance to the human buccal mucosa.Areas covered: This paper focuses on the current in vivo, ex vivo and in vitro permeability studies to analyze the absorption of compounds of interest through buccal mucosa, as well as their advantages and limitations in the preclinical studies of the drugs absorption profiles. The techniques for preparation and preservation of the animal buccal tissue are also discussed to evaluate their interference in the integrity and permeability of the tissues.Expert opinion: Overall, the permeability studies have been useful to evaluate the drugs absorption and to clarify the mechanism of transport of drugs across human buccal mucosa, as well as to explain the enhancement of permeability provided by certain dosage forms. Currently, several researchers have demonstrated particular interest in ex vivo permeability studies, due to their effectiveness in the evaluation of drug absorption and low costs in the acquisition of buccal mucosa samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soraia Pinto
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,INEB - Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuela E Pintado
- Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Porto, Portugal
| | - Bruno Sarmento
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,INEB - Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto Universitário de Ciências da Saúde, CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, Gandra, Portugal
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Wu Q, Qiu S, Yu Y, Chen W, Lin H, Lin D, Feng S, Chen R. Assessment of the radiotherapy effect for nasopharyngeal cancer using plasma surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy technology. Biomed Opt Express 2018; 9:3413-3423. [PMID: 29984106 PMCID: PMC6033578 DOI: 10.1364/boe.9.003413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 05/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) is a malignant tumor of the head and neck, which is extremely sensitive to radiotherapy. The aim of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of a label-free nanobiosensor based on plasma surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) to assess the radiotherapy effect in NPC. Here, SERS measurements were performed on plasma samples from 40 pre-treatment and post-treatment NPC as well as 30 healthy volunteers. Results demonstrate that the spectral characteristic of post-treatment samples is obviously different from that of pre-treatment ones, owing to the changes of biomolecules in plasma induced by radiotherapy. Classification sensitivities of 83.3%, 61.8% and 95.1%, and specificities of 91.2%, 67.4% and 93% can be achieved for separating pre- and post-treatment samples, post-treatment and normal samples, and pre-treatment and normal samples, respectively, suggesting the great potential of plasma SERS method as a rapid and convenient tool for radiotherapy assessment and cancer screening in NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Wu
- Fujian Normal University, Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine, Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Photonics Technology, Fuzhou 350007, China
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Sufang Qiu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fujian Provincial Cancer Hospital; Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Medicine, Fuzhou 350014, China
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Yun Yu
- Fujian Normal University, Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine, Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Photonics Technology, Fuzhou 350007, China
- College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Weiwei Chen
- College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Huijing Lin
- Fujian Normal University, Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine, Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Photonics Technology, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Duo Lin
- Fujian Normal University, Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine, Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Photonics Technology, Fuzhou 350007, China
- College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Shangyuan Feng
- Fujian Normal University, Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine, Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Photonics Technology, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Rong Chen
- Fujian Normal University, Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine, Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Photonics Technology, Fuzhou 350007, China
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Abstract
Biological specimens such as cells, tissues and biofluids (urine, blood) contain mixtures of many different biomolecules, all of which contribute to a Raman spectrum at any given point. The separation and identification of pure biochemical components remains one of the biggest challenges in Raman spectroscopy. Multivariate curve resolution, a matrix factorization method, is a powerful, yet flexible, method that can be used with constraints, such as non-negativity, to decompose a complex spectroscopic data matrix into a small number of physically meaningful pure spectral components along with their relative abundances. This paper reviews recent applications of multivariate curve resolution by alternating least squares analysis to Raman spectroscopic and imaging data obtained either in vivo or in vitro from biological and medical samples.
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Abstract
Oral injuries are currently diagnosed by histopathological analysis of biopsy, which is an invasive procedure and does not give immediate results.
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12
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Bailey MJ, Verma N, Fradkin L, Lam S, MacAulay C, Poh C, Markey MK, Sokolov K. Detection of precancerous lesions in the oral cavity using oblique polarized reflectance spectroscopy: a clinical feasibility study. J Biomed Opt 2017; 22:65002. [PMID: 28609512 PMCID: PMC5469421 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.22.6.065002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
We developed a multifiber optical probe for oblique polarized reflectance spectroscopy (OPRS) in vivo and evaluated its performance in detection of dysplasia in the oral cavity. The probe design allows the implementation of a number of methods to enable depth resolved spectroscopic measurements including polarization gating, source–detector separation, and differential spectroscopy; this combination was evaluated in carrying out binary classification tasks between four major diagnostic categories: normal, benign, mild dysplasia (MD), and severe dysplasia (SD). Multifiber OPRS showed excellent performance in the discrimination of normal from benign, MD, SD, and MD plus SD yielding sensitivity/specificity values of 100%/93%, 96%/95%, 100%/98%, and 100%/100%, respectively. The classification of benign versus dysplastic lesions was more challenging with sensitivity and specificity values of 80%/93%, 71%/93%, and 74%/80% in discriminating benign from SD, MD, and SD plus MD categories, respectively; this challenge is most likely associated with a strong and highly variable scattering from a keratin layer that was found in these sites. Classification based on multiple fibers was significantly better than that based on any single detection pair for tasks dealing with benign versus dysplastic sites. This result indicates that the multifiber probe can perform better in the detection of dysplasia in keratinized tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria J. Bailey
- University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Imaging Physics, Houston, Texas, United States
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Austin, Texas, United States
| | - Nishant Verma
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Austin, Texas, United States
| | - Leonid Fradkin
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Austin, Texas, United States
| | - Sylvia Lam
- British Columbia Cancer Agency, Integrative Oncology Department, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Calum MacAulay
- British Columbia Cancer Agency, Integrative Oncology Department, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Catherine Poh
- British Columbia Cancer Agency, Integrative Oncology Department, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Mia K. Markey
- University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Imaging Physics, Houston, Texas, United States
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Austin, Texas, United States
| | - Konstantin Sokolov
- University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Imaging Physics, Houston, Texas, United States
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Austin, Texas, United States
- Rice University, Department of Bioengineering, Houston, Texas, United States
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13
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Brindha E, Rajasekaran R, Aruna P, Koteeswaran D, Ganesan S. High wavenumber Raman spectroscopy in the characterization of urinary metabolites of normal subjects, oral premalignant and malignant patients. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2017; 171:52-59. [PMID: 27475997 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2016.06.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Urine has emerged as one of the diagnostically potential bio fluids, as it has many metabolites. As the concentration and the physiochemical properties of the urinary metabolites may vary under pathological transformation, Raman spectroscopic characterization of urine has been exploited as a significant tool in identifying several diseased conditions, including cancers. In the present study, an attempt was made to study the high wavenumber (HWVN) Raman spectroscopic characterization of urine samples of normal subjects, oral premalignant and malignant patients. It is concluded that the urinary metabolites flavoproteins, tryptophan and phenylalanine are responsible for the observed spectral variations between the normal and abnormal groups. Principal component analysis-based linear discriminant analysis was carried out to verify the diagnostic potentiality of the present technique. The discriminant analysis performed across normal and oral premalignant subjects classifies 95.6% of the original and 94.9% of the cross-validated grouped cases correctly. In the second analysis performed across normal and oral malignant groups, the accuracy of the original and cross-validated grouped cases was 96.4% and 92.1% respectively. Similarly, the third analysis performed across three groups, normal, oral premalignant and malignant groups, classifies 93.3% and 91.2% of the original and cross-validated grouped cases correctly.
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14
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Cepeda-Pérez E, Aguilar-Hernández I, López-Luke T, Piazza V, Carriles R, Ornelas-Soto N, de la Rosa E. Interaction of TGA@CdTe Quantum Dots with an Extracellular Matrix of Haematococcus pluvialis Microalgae Detected Using Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS). Appl Spectrosc 2016; 70:1561-1572. [PMID: 27381350 DOI: 10.1177/0003702816654076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The present study reports the localization and interaction of thioglycolic acid (TGA) capped CdTe quantum dots (TGA@CdTe QDs) within the extracellular matrix (ECM) of Haematococcus pluvialis (Chlorophyceae) microalgae (HPM) after an incubation period of 5 min. Changes in the Raman spectrum of HPM induced by the adsorption of the TGA@CdTe QDs are successfully found by using naked gold anisotropic structures as nano-sensors for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS effect). Raman spectroscopy results show that TGA@CdTe QDs interact with the biomolecules present in the ECM. Sample preparation and characterization by complementary techniques such as confocal and electron microscopy are also used to confirm the presence and localization of the nanoparticles in the algae. This research shows new evidence on early accumulation of QDs in plant cells and would further improve our understanding about their environmental impact.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Iris Aguilar-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Nanotecnología Ambiental, Centro del Agua para América Latina y el Caribe, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Monterrey, México
| | | | | | | | - Nancy Ornelas-Soto
- Laboratorio de Nanotecnología Ambiental, Centro del Agua para América Latina y el Caribe, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Monterrey, México
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15
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Cepeda-Pérez E, López-Luke T, Plascencia-Villa G, Perez-Mayen L, Ceja-Fdez A, Ponce A, Vivero-Escoto J, de la Rosa E. SERS and integrative imaging upon internalization of quantum dots into human oral epithelial cells. J Biophotonics 2016; 9:683-693. [PMID: 27120043 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201600034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
CdTe quantum dots (QDs) are widely used in bio-applications due to their size and highly efficient optical properties. However internalization mechanisms thereof for the variety of freshly extracted, not cultivated human cells and their specific molecular interactions remains an open topic for discussion. In this study, we assess the internalization mechanism of CdTe quantum dots (3.3 nm) capped with thioglycolic acid using non cultivated oral epithelial cells obtained from healthy donors. Naked gold nanoparticles (40 nm) were successfully used as nanosensors for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy to efficiently identify characteristic Raman peaks, providing new evidence indicating that the first interactions of these QDs with epithelial cells occurred preferentially with aromatic rings and amine groups of amino acid residues and glycans from trans-membrane proteins and cytoskeleton. Using an integrative combination of advanced imaging techniques, including ultra-high resolution SEM, high resolution STEM coupled with EDX spectroscopy together with the results obtained by Raman spectroscopy, it was determined that thioglycolic acid capped CdTe QDs are efficiently internalized into freshly extracted oral epithelial cells only by facilitated diffusion, distributed into cytoplasm and even within the cell nucleus in three minutes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Germán Plascencia-Villa
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
| | | | | | - Arturo Ponce
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
| | - Juan Vivero-Escoto
- The University of North Carolina-Charlotte, Department of Chemistry, 9201 University City Blvd., Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
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16
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Huleihel M, Shufan E, Zeiri L, Salman A. Detection of Vero Cells Infected with Herpes Simplex Types 1 and 2 and Varicella Zoster Viruses Using Raman Spectroscopy and Advanced Statistical Methods. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153599. [PMID: 27078266 PMCID: PMC4831712 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Of the eight members of the herpes family of viruses, HSV1, HSV2, and varicella zoster are the most common and are mainly involved in cutaneous disorders. These viruses usually are not life-threatening, but in some cases they might cause serious infections to the eyes and the brain that can lead to blindness and possibly death. An effective drug (acyclovir and its derivatives) is available against these viruses. Therefore, early detection and identification of these viral infections is highly important for an effective treatment. Raman spectroscopy, which has been widely used in the past years in medicine and biology, was used as a powerful spectroscopic tool for the detection and identification of these viral infections in cell culture, due to its sensitivity, rapidity and reliability. Our results showed that it was possible to differentiate, with a 97% identification success rate, the uninfected Vero cells that served as a control, from the Vero cells that were infected with HSV-1, HSV-2, and VZV. For that, linear discriminant analysis (LDA) was performed on the Raman spectra after principal component analysis (PCA) with a leave one out (LOO) approach. Raman spectroscopy in tandem with PCA and LDA enable to differentiate among the different herpes viral infections of Vero cells in time span of few minutes with high accuracy rate. Understanding cell molecular changes due to herpes viral infections using Raman spectroscopy may help in early detection and effective treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Huleihel
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- * E-mail: (AS); (MH)
| | - Elad Shufan
- Department of Physics, SCE- Shamoon College of Engineering, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Leila Zeiri
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Ahmad Salman
- Department of Physics, SCE- Shamoon College of Engineering, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- * E-mail: (AS); (MH)
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17
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Connolly JM, Davies K, Kazakeviciute A, Wheatley AM, Dockery P, Keogh I, Olivo M. Non-invasive and label-free detection of oral squamous cell carcinoma using saliva surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy and multivariate analysis. Nanomedicine 2016; 12:1593-601. [PMID: 27015768 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2016.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Revised: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Reported here is the application of silver nanoparticle-based surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) as a label-free, non-invasive technique for detection of oral squamous cell cancer (OSCC) using saliva and desquamated oral cells. A total of 180 SERS spectra were acquired from saliva and 120 SERS spectra from oral cells collected from normal healthy individuals and from confirmed oropharyngeal cancer patients. Notable biochemical peaks in the SERS spectra were tentatively assigned to various components. Data were subjected to multivariate statistical techniques including principal component analysis, linear discriminate analysis (PCA-LDA) and logistic regression (LR) revealing a sensitivity of 89% and 68% and a diagnostic accuracy of 73% and 60% for saliva and oral cells, respectively. The results from this study demonstrate the potential of saliva and oral cell SERS combined with PCA-LDA or PCA-LR diagnostic algorithms as a promising clinical adjunct for the non-invasive detection of oral cancer.
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18
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Chen PH, Shimada R, Yabumoto S, Okajima H, Ando M, Chang CT, Lee LT, Wong YK, Chiou A, Hamaguchi HO. Automatic and objective oral cancer diagnosis by Raman spectroscopic detection of keratin with multivariate curve resolution analysis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:20097. [PMID: 26806007 DOI: 10.1038/srep20097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We have developed an automatic and objective method for detecting human oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) tissues with Raman microspectroscopy. We measure 196 independent Raman spectra from 196 different points of one oral tissue sample and globally analyze these spectra using a Multivariate Curve Resolution (MCR) analysis. Discrimination of OSCC tissues is automatically and objectively made by spectral matching comparison of the MCR decomposed Raman spectra and the standard Raman spectrum of keratin, a well-established molecular marker of OSCC. We use a total of 24 tissue samples, 10 OSCC and 10 normal tissues from the same 10 patients, 3 OSCC and 1 normal tissues from different patients. Following the newly developed protocol presented here, we have been able to detect OSCC tissues with 77 to 92% sensitivity (depending on how to define positivity) and 100% specificity. The present approach lends itself to a reliable clinical diagnosis of OSCC substantiated by the “molecular fingerprint” of keratin.
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19
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Singh SP, Ibrahim O, Byrne HJ, Mikkonen JW, Koistinen AP, Kullaa AM, Lyng FM. Recent advances in optical diagnosis of oral cancers: Review and future perspectives. Head Neck 2015; 38 Suppl 1:E2403-11. [PMID: 26613806 DOI: 10.1002/hed.24293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Revised: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Optical diagnosis techniques offer several advantages over traditional approaches, including objectivity, speed, and cost, and these label-free, noninvasive methods have the potential to change the future workflow of cancer management. The oral cavity is particularly accessible and, thus, such methods may serve as alternate/adjunct tools to traditional methods. Recently, in vivo human clinical studies have been initiated with a view to clinical translation of such technologies. A comprehensive review of optical methods in oral cancer diagnosis is presented. After an introduction to the epidemiology and etiological factors associated with oral cancers currently used, diagnostic methods and their limitations are presented. A thorough review of fluorescence, infrared absorption, and Raman spectroscopic methods in oral cancer diagnosis is presented. The applicability of minimally invasive methods based on serum/saliva is also discussed. The review concludes with a discussion on future demands and scope of developments from a clinical point of view. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E2403-E2411, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- S P Singh
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,SIB Laboratories, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ola Ibrahim
- DIT Centre for Radiation and Environmental Science, FOCAS Research Institute, Dublin Institute of Technology, Dublin, Ireland.,School of Physics, Dublin Institute of Technology, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Hugh J Byrne
- FOCAS Research Institute, Dublin Institute of Technology, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jopi W Mikkonen
- SIB Laboratories, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Arto P Koistinen
- SIB Laboratories, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Arja M Kullaa
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Research Group of Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Fiona M Lyng
- DIT Centre for Radiation and Environmental Science, FOCAS Research Institute, Dublin Institute of Technology, Dublin, Ireland.,School of Physics, Dublin Institute of Technology, Dublin, Ireland
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20
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Kalmodia S, Parameswaran S, Yang W, Barrow CJ, Krishnakumar S. Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy: An analytical technique to understand therapeutic responses at the molecular level. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16649. [PMID: 26568521 PMCID: PMC4645174 DOI: 10.1038/srep16649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapid monitoring of the response to treatment in cancer patients is essential to predict the outcome of the therapeutic regimen early in the course of the treatment. The conventional methods are laborious, time-consuming, subjective and lack the ability to study different biomolecules and their interactions, simultaneously. Since; mechanisms of cancer and its response to therapy is dependent on molecular interactions and not on single biomolecules, an assay capable of studying molecular interactions as a whole, is preferred. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy has become a popular technique in the field of cancer therapy with an ability to elucidate molecular interactions. The aim of this study, was to explore the utility of the FTIR technique along with multivariate analysis to understand whether the method has the resolution to identify the differences in the mechanism of therapeutic response. Towards achieving the aim, we utilized the mouse xenograft model of retinoblastoma and nanoparticle mediated targeted therapy. The results indicate that the mechanism underlying the response differed between the treated and untreated group which can be elucidated by unique spectral signatures generated by each group. The study establishes the efficiency of non-invasive, label-free and rapid FTIR method in assessing the interactions of nanoparticles with cellular macromolecules towards monitoring the response to cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushma Kalmodia
- Department of Nano biotechnology, Vision Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, 18, College Road, Nungambakkam, Chennai - 600 006, India.,Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, Deakin University, Geelong campus, VIC 3216, Australia
| | - Sowmya Parameswaran
- Radheshyam Kanoi Stem Cell laboratory, Vision Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, 18, College Road, Nungambakkam, Chennai - 600 006, India
| | - Wenrong Yang
- Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, Deakin University, Geelong campus, VIC 3216, Australia
| | - Colin J Barrow
- Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, Deakin University, Geelong campus, VIC 3216, Australia
| | - Subramanian Krishnakumar
- Department of Nano biotechnology, Vision Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, 18, College Road, Nungambakkam, Chennai - 600 006, India
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21
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Omar E. Current concepts and future of noninvasive procedures for diagnosing oral squamous cell carcinoma--a systematic review. Head Face Med 2015; 11:6. [PMID: 25889859 PMCID: PMC4396078 DOI: 10.1186/s13005-015-0063-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has a remarkably high incidence worldwide, and a fairly serious prognosis, encouraging further research into advanced technologies for noninvasive methods of making early diagnoses, ideally in primary care settings. Objectives Our purpose was to examine the validity of using advanced noninvasive technologies in diagnosis of OSCC by identifying and evaluating relevant published reports. Data source MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CINAHL were searched to identify clinical trials and other information published between 1990 and 10 June 2014; the searches of MEDLINE and EMBASE were updated to November 2014. Study selection: Studies of noninvasive methods of diagnosing OSCC, including oral brush biopsy, optical biopsy, saliva-based oral cancer diagnosis, and others were included. Data extraction Data were abstracted and evaluated in duplicate for possible relevance on two occasions at an interval of 2 months before being included or excluded. Data synthesis This study identified 163 studies of noninvasive methods for diagnosing OSCC that met the inclusion criteria. These included six studies of oral brush biopsy, 42 of saliva-based oral diagnosis, and 115 of optical biopsy. Sixty nine of these studies were assessed by the modified version of the QUADAS instrument. Saliva-based oral cancer diagnosis and optical biopsy were found to be promising noninvasive methods for diagnosing OSCC. Limitation The strength of evidence was rated low for accuracy outcomes because the studies did not report important details required to assess the risk for bias. Conclusions It is clear that screening for and early detection of cancer and pre-cancerous lesions have the potential to reduce the morbidity and mortality of this disease. Advances in technologies for saliva-based oral diagnosis and optical biopsy are promising pathways for the future development of more effective noninvasive methods for diagnosing OSCC that are easy to perform clinically in primary care settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esam Omar
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia.
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22
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23
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Huang L, Jing R, Yang Y, Pu X, Li M, Wen Z, Li Y. Characteristic wavenumbers of Raman spectra reveal the molecular mechanisms of oral leukoplakia and can help to improve the performance of diagnostic models. Anal Methods 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ay02318h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
An effective method for diagnosing various grades of oral leukoplakia with dysplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqiu Huang
- College of Chemistry
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- China
| | - Runyu Jing
- College of Chemistry
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- China
| | - Yongning Yang
- College of Chemistry
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- China
| | - Xuemei Pu
- College of Chemistry
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- China
| | - Menglong Li
- College of Chemistry
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- China
| | - Zhining Wen
- College of Chemistry
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- China
| | - Yi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease
- West China Hospital of Stomatology
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610041
- China
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24
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Lasalvia M, D'Antonio P, Perna G, Capozzi V, Mariggiò MA, Perrone D, Gallo C, Quartucci G, Lo Muzio L. Discrimination of different degrees of oral squamous cell carcinoma by means of Raman microspectroscopy and atomic force microscopy. Anal Methods 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ay02282c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Two cellular types characterized by different degree of oral squamous cell carcinoma can be discriminated by Raman microspectroscopy and Atomic Force Microscopy, according to the content of nucleic acids and proteins as well as the membrane stiffness.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Lasalvia
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale
- Università degli studi di Foggia
- 71122 Foggia
- Italy
| | - P. D'Antonio
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale
- Università degli studi di Foggia
- 71122 Foggia
- Italy
| | - G. Perna
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale
- Università degli studi di Foggia
- 71122 Foggia
- Italy
| | - V. Capozzi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale
- Università degli studi di Foggia
- 71122 Foggia
- Italy
| | - M. A. Mariggiò
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche ed Oncologia Umana
- Università degli studi di Bari
- Policlinico di Bari
- 70124 Bari
- Italy
| | - D. Perrone
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale
- Università degli studi di Foggia
- 71122 Foggia
- Italy
| | - C. Gallo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale
- Università degli studi di Foggia
- 71122 Foggia
- Italy
| | - G. Quartucci
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale
- Università degli studi di Foggia
- 71122 Foggia
- Italy
| | - L. Lo Muzio
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale
- Università degli studi di Foggia
- 71122 Foggia
- Italy
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25
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Devpura S, Barton KN, Brown SL, Palyvoda O, Kalkanis S, Naik VM, Siddiqui F, Naik R, Chetty IJ. Vision 20/20: the role of Raman spectroscopy in early stage cancer detection and feasibility for application in radiation therapy response assessment. Med Phys 2014; 41:050901. [PMID: 24784365 DOI: 10.1118/1.4870981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Raman spectroscopy is an optical technique capable of identifying chemical constituents of a sample by their unique set of molecular vibrations. Research on the applicability of Raman spectroscopy in the differentiation of cancerous versus normal tissues has been ongoing for many years, and has yielded successful results in the context of prostate, breast, brain, skin, and head and neck cancers as well as pediatric tumors. Recently, much effort has been invested on developing noninvasive "Raman" probes to provide real-time diagnosis of potentially cancerous tumors. In this regard, it is feasible that the Raman technique might one day be used to provide rapid, minimally invasive real-time diagnosis of tumors in patients. Raman spectroscopy is relatively new to the field of radiation therapy. Recent work involving cell lines has shown that the Raman technique is able to identify proteins and other markers affected by radiation therapy. Although this work is preliminary, one could ask whether or not the Raman technique might be used to identify molecular markers that predict radiation response. This paper provides a brief review of Raman spectroscopic investigations in cancer detection, benefits and limitations of this method, advances in instrument development, and also preliminary studies related to the application of this technology in radiation therapy response assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suneetha Devpura
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan 48202
| | - Kenneth N Barton
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan 48202
| | - Stephen L Brown
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan 48202
| | - Olena Palyvoda
- College of Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202
| | - Steven Kalkanis
- Department of Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan 48202
| | - Vaman M Naik
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of Michigan-Dearborn, Dearborn, Michigan 48128
| | - Farzan Siddiqui
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan 48202
| | - Ratna Naik
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - Indrin J Chetty
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan 48202
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26
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Behl I, Kukreja L, Deshmukh A, Singh SP, Mamgain H, Hole AR, Krishna CM. Raman mapping of oral buccal mucosa: a spectral histopathology approach. J Biomed Opt 2014; 19:126005. [PMID: 25478870 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.19.12.126005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Oral cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide. One-fifth of the world's oral cancer subjects are from India and other South Asian countries. The present Raman mapping study was carried out to understand biochemical variations in normal and malignant oral buccal mucosa. Data were acquired using WITec alpha 300R instrument from 10 normal and 10 tumors unstained tissue sections. Raman maps of normal sections could resolve the layers of epithelium, i.e. basal, intermediate, and superficial. Inflammatory, tumor, and stromal regions are distinctly depicted on Raman maps of tumor sections. Mean and difference spectra of basal and inflammatory cells suggest abundance of DNA and carotenoids features. Strong cytochrome bands are observed in intermediate layers of normal and stromal regions of tumor. Epithelium and stromal regions of normal cells are classified by principal component analysis. Classification among cellular components of normal and tumor sections is also observed. Thus, the findings of the study further support the applicability of Raman mapping for providing molecular level insights in normal and malignant conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isha Behl
- Chilakapati Lab, ACTREC, Kharghar, Navi-Mumbai 410210, India
| | - Lekha Kukreja
- Chilakapati Lab, ACTREC, Kharghar, Navi-Mumbai 410210, India
| | - Atul Deshmukh
- Chilakapati Lab, ACTREC, Kharghar, Navi-Mumbai 410210, India
| | - S P Singh
- Chilakapati Lab, ACTREC, Kharghar, Navi-Mumbai 410210, India
| | | | - Arti R Hole
- Chilakapati Lab, ACTREC, Kharghar, Navi-Mumbai 410210, India
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Salman A, Shufan E, Zeiri L, Huleihel M. Characterization and detection of Vero cells infected with Herpes Simplex Virus type 1 using Raman spectroscopy and advanced statistical methods. Methods 2014; 68:364-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2014.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Revised: 01/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
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Yasser M, Shaikh R, Chilakapati MK, Teni T. Raman spectroscopic study of radioresistant oral cancer sublines established by fractionated ionizing radiation. PLoS One 2014; 9:e97777. [PMID: 24841281 PMCID: PMC4026477 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is an important treatment modality for oral cancer. However, development of radioresistance is a major hurdle in the efficacy of radiotherapy in oral cancer patients. Identifying predictors of radioresistance is a challenging task and has met with little success. The aim of the present study was to explore the differential spectral profiles of the established radioresistant sublines and parental oral cancer cell lines by Raman spectroscopy. We have established radioresistant sublines namely, 50Gy-UPCI:SCC029B and 70Gy-UPCI:SCC029B from its parental UPCI:SCC029B cell line, by using clinically admissible 2Gy fractionated ionizing radiation (FIR). The developed radioresistant character was validated by clonogenic cell survival assay and known radioresistance-related protein markers like Mcl-1, Bcl-2, Cox-2 and Survivin. Altered cellular morphology with significant increase (p<0.001) in the number of filopodia in radioresistant cells with respect to parental cells was observed. The Raman spectra of parental UPCI:SCC029B, 50Gy-UPCI:SCC029B and 70Gy-UPCI:SCC029B cells were acquired and spectral features indicate possible differences in biomolecules like proteins, lipids and nucleic acids. Principal component analysis (PCA) provided three clusters corresponding to radioresistant 50Gy, 70Gy-UPCI:SCC029B sublines and parental UPCI:SCC029B cell line with minor overlap, which suggest altered molecular profile acquired by the radioresistant cells due to multiple doses of irradiation. The findings of this study support the potential of Raman spectroscopy in prediction of radioresistance and possibly contribute to better prognosis of oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Yasser
- KS-121, Teni Laboratory, ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar-Node, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Rubina Shaikh
- KS-04, Chilakapati Laboratory, ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar-Node, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Murali Krishna Chilakapati
- KS-04, Chilakapati Laboratory, ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar-Node, Navi Mumbai, India
- * E-mail: (MKC); (TT)
| | - Tanuja Teni
- KS-121, Teni Laboratory, ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar-Node, Navi Mumbai, India
- * E-mail: (MKC); (TT)
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Li N, Chen D, Xu Y, Liu S, Zhang H. Confocal Raman micro-spectroscopy for rapid and label-free detection of maleic acid-induced variations in human sperm. Biomed Opt Express 2014; 5:1690-9. [PMID: 24877025 PMCID: PMC4026909 DOI: 10.1364/boe.5.001690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Revised: 04/20/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Confocal Raman microspectroscopy is a valuable analytical tool in biological and medical research, allowing the detection of sample variations without external labels or extensive preparation. To determine whether this method can assess the effect of maleic acid on sperm, we prepared human sperm samples incubated in different concentrations of maleic acid, after which Raman spectra from the various regions of sperm cells were recorded. Following the maleic acid treatment, Raman spectra indicated significant changes. Combined with other means, we found that the structures and chemical compositions of sperm membranes were damaged, and even the sperm DNA was damaged by the incorporation of maleic acid. Thus, this technique can be used for detection and identification of maleic acid-induced changes in human sperm at a molecular level. Although this particular application of Raman microspectroscopy still requires further validation, it has potentially promise as a diagnostic tool for reproductive medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Li
- Southern Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
- School of Information and Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Diling Chen
- Southern Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Yan Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Songhao Liu
- School of Information and Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Heming Zhang
- Southern Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
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Bonnier F, Petitjean F, Baker MJ, Byrne HJ. Improved protocols for vibrational spectroscopic analysis of body fluids. J Biophotonics 2014; 7:167-179. [PMID: 24132993 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201300130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Revised: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The applications of vibrational spectroscopy to the examination of human blood serum are explored. Although FTIR spectra can be recorded in aqueous solutions at (gelatin) concentrations as low as 100 mg/L, the high-wavenumber region remains obscured by water absorption. Using Raman spectroscopy, high quality spectra of gelatine solutions as low as 10 mg/L can be achieved, also covering the high-wavenumber regions. In human serum, spectral profiles are weak and partially obscured by water features. Dried deposits are shown to be physically and chemically inhomogeneous resulting in reduced measurement reproducibility. Concentration of the serum using commercially available centrifugal filter devices results in an improvement in the spectral intensity and quality. Additionally, in Raman spectroscopy, reduced background and significantly enhanced signal collection is achievable by measurement in an inverted geometry. The improved protocols for spectroscopic measurement of human serum are applicable to a range of bodily fluids and should accelerate potential clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franck Bonnier
- Focas Research Institute, Dublin Institute of Technology DIT, Camden Row, Dublin 8, Ireland.
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Khan KM, Krishna H, Majumder SK, Rao KD, Gupta PK. Depth-sensitive Raman spectroscopy combined with optical coherence tomography for layered tissue analysis. J Biophotonics 2014; 7:77-85. [PMID: 23359612 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201200208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Revised: 12/28/2012] [Accepted: 12/28/2012] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Complete characterization of a layered tissue requires probing both the biochemical and the morphological information from its different layers at various depths. We report the development of a combined Raman spectroscopy (RS) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) system that is capable of measuring depth-sensitive Raman signal from the tissue layers imaged by the OCT. The sample arm of a real-time time-domain OCT system was modified to allow for co-alignment of the OCT with the Raman probe beam. The depth sensitivity of Raman was obtained by incorporating confocal Raman configuration that minimized out-of-focus Raman scattered light. The system was first validated using a layered phantom prepared by depositing a thin layer of paraffin over acetaminophen. A good correlation was observed between the OCT images and the Raman signal. The system was also used to record OCT and Raman images of a resected mucosal tissue sample. While OCT image showed the presence of epithelial and stromal layers, Raman spectra measured from these layers confirmed the biochemical difference between the two.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khan M Khan
- Laser Biomedical Applications and Instrumentation Division, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, R & D Block-D, Indore 452 013, India
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Giorgini E, Balercia P, Conti C, Ferraris P, Sabbatini S, Rubini C, Tosi G. Insights on diagnosis of oral cavity pathologies by infrared spectroscopy: A review. J Mol Struct 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2013.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Brauchle E, Johannsen H, Nolan S, Thude S, Schenke-Layland K. Design and analysis of a squamous cell carcinoma in vitro model system. Biomaterials 2013; 34:7401-7. [PMID: 23827189 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Tissue-engineered skin equivalents based on primary isolated fibroblasts and keratinocytes have been shown to be useful tools for functional in vitro tests, including toxicological screenings and drug development. In this study, a commercially available squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cell line SCC-25 was introduced into epidermal and full-thickness skin equivalents to generate human-based disease-in-a-dish model systems. Interestingly, when cultured either in the epidermis or dermis of full-thickness skin equivalents, SCC-25 cells formed hyper-keratinized tumor cell nests, a phenomenon that is frequently seen in the skin of patients afflicted with SCC. Raman spectroscopy was employed for the label-free cell phenotype characterization within the engineered skin equivalents and revealed the presence of differential protein patterns in keratinocytes and SCC-25 cells. To conclude, the here presented SSC disease-in-a-dish approaches offer the unique opportunity to model SSC in human skin in vitro, which will allow further insight into SSC disease progression, and the development of therapeutic strategies.
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35
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Salman A, Shufan E, Zeiri L, Huleihel M. Detection and identification of cancerous murine fibroblasts, transformed by murine sarcoma virus in culture, using Raman spectroscopy and advanced statistical methods. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2013; 1830:2720-7. [PMID: 23671933 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2012.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer is one of the leading worldwide causes of death. It may be induced by a variety of factors, including carcinogens, radiation, genetic factors, or DNA and RNA viruses. The early detection of cancer is critical for its successful therapy, which can result in complete recovery from some types of cancer. METHODS Raman spectroscopy has been widely used in medicine and biology. It is a noninvasive, nondestructive, and water-insensitive technique that can detect changes in cells and tissues that are caused by different disorders, such as cancer. In this study, Raman spectroscopy was used for the identification and characterization of murine fibroblast cell lines (NIH/3T3) and malignant fibroblast cells transformed by murine sarcoma virus (NIH-MuSV) cells. RESULTS Using principal component analysis and LDA it was possible to differentiate between the NIH/3T3 and NIH-MuSV cells with an 80-85% success rate based on their Raman shift spectra. CONCLUSIONS The best results for differentiation were achieved from spectra that were obtained from the rich membrane sites. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Because of its homogeneity and complete control of most factors affecting its growth, cell culture is a preferred model for the detection and identification of specific biomarkers related to cancer transformation or other cellular modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Salman
- Department of Physics, SCE - ShamoonCollege of Engineering, Beer-Sheva 84100, Israel.
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Unnikrishnan VK, Choudhari KS, Kulkarni SD, Nayak R, Kartha VB, Santhosh C. Analytical predictive capabilities of Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) with Principal Component Analysis (PCA) for plastic classification. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra44946g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Sahu A, Deshmukh A, Ghanate AD, Singh SP, Chaturvedi P, Krishna CM. Raman Spectroscopy of Oral Buccal Mucosa: A Study on Age-Related Physiological Changes and Tobacco-Related Pathological Changes. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2012; 11:529-41. [DOI: 10.7785/tcrt.2012.500304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Biophysical techniques play an important role in detecting physiological alterations during pathogenesis. Raman spectroscopy has shown immense potential in identifying several diseased conditions, including oral cancers. Classification of normal, inflammatory, premalignant and malignant conditions has been demonstrated using ex vivo Raman spectroscopy. Feasibility of recording in vivo spectra in clinically implementable time has also been shown. Translation of this technology to clinics requires extensive validation of methodologies, building of robust models and testing the same under stringent conditions as well as on diverse populations. In this context, the ability of Raman spectroscopy in identifying subtle changes in oral mucosa with increasing age, and the influence of these aging related changes on classification with tobacco-related pathological changes was evaluated. A total of 451 spectra from 62 subjects were recorded from buccal mucosa of healthy subjects of 4 different age groups (aged 20–60 years). Also, 478 spectra from 85 subjects belonging to 4 different categories, tobacco exposed mucosa, contralateral normal (opposite side of tumor), premalignant patches and tumors on buccal mucosa were recorded using fiber optic probe-coupled commercial Raman spectrometer. Differences in spectra were explored by unsupervised Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and supervised Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA), followed by Leave one out cross validation. Results indicate feasibility of classifying early and late age groups. Also, clear classification is observed between healthy and pathological groups, thus inherent heterogeneity in healthy groups seems to have no bearing on classification of normal with abnormal conditions. Findings of the study indicate high sensitivity of Raman spectroscopy in detecting subtle mucosal changes, further supporting efficacy of Raman spectroscopic approaches in oral cancer applications. Prospectively, more vigorous validation studies of Raman methodology would enable routine clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Sahu
- Chilakapati Lab, ACTREC, Kharghar, Navi-Mumbai, 410210, India
| | - Atul Deshmukh
- Chilakapati Lab, ACTREC, Kharghar, Navi-Mumbai, 410210, India
| | - A. D. Ghanate
- Chilakapati Lab, ACTREC, Kharghar, Navi-Mumbai, 410210, India
| | - S. P. Singh
- Chilakapati Lab, ACTREC, Kharghar, Navi-Mumbai, 410210, India
| | - Pankaj Chaturvedi
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai-400012, India
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Henkel R. Sperm preparation: state-of-the-art--physiological aspects and application of advanced sperm preparation methods. Asian J Androl. 2012;14:260-269. [PMID: 22138904 DOI: 10.1038/aja.2011.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
For assisted reproduction technologies (ART), numerous techniques were developed to isolate spermatozoa capable of fertilizing oocytes. While early methodologies only focused on isolating viable, motile spermatozoa, with progress of ART, particularly intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), it became clear that these parameters are insufficient for the identification of the most suitable spermatozoon for fertilization. Conventional sperm preparation techniques, namely, swim-up, density gradient centrifugation and glass wool filtration, are not efficient enough to produce sperm populations free of DNA damage, because these techniques are not physiological and not modeled on the stringent sperm selection processes taking place in the female genital tract. These processes only allow one male germ cell out of tens of millions to fuse with the oocyte. Sites of sperm selection in the female genital tract are the cervix, uterus, uterotubal junction, oviduct, cumulus oophorus and the zona pellucida. Newer strategies of sperm preparation are founded on: (i) morphological assessment by means of 'motile sperm organelle morphological examination (MSOME)'; (ii) electrical charge; and (iii) molecular binding characteristics of the sperm cell. Whereas separation methods based on electrical charge take advantage of the sperm's adherence to a test tube surface or separate in an electrophoresis, molecular binding techniques use Annexin V or hyaluronic acid (HA) as substrates. Techniques in this category are magnet-activated cell sorting, Annexin V-activated glass wool filtration, flow cytometry and picked spermatozoa for ICSI (PICSI) from HA-coated dishes and HA-containing media. Future developments may include Raman microspectrometry, confocal light absorption and scattering spectroscopic microscopy and polarization microscopy.
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Deshmukh A, Singh SP, Chaturvedi P, Krishna CM. Raman spectroscopy of normal oral buccal mucosa tissues: study on intact and incised biopsies. J Biomed Opt 2011; 16:127004. [PMID: 22191934 DOI: 10.1117/1.3659680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma is one of among the top 10 malignancies. Optical spectroscopy, including Raman, is being actively pursued as alternative/adjunct for cancer diagnosis. Earlier studies have demonstrated the feasibility of classifying normal, premalignant, and malignant oral ex vivo tissues. Spectral features showed predominance of lipids and proteins in normal and cancer conditions, respectively, which were attributed to membrane lipids and surface proteins. In view of recent developments in deep tissue Raman spectroscopy, we have recorded Raman spectra from superior and inferior surfaces of 10 normal oral tissues on intact, as well as incised, biopsies after separation of epithelium from connective tissue. Spectral variations and similarities among different groups were explored by unsupervised (principal component analysis) and supervised (linear discriminant analysis, factorial discriminant analysis) methodologies. Clusters of spectra from superior and inferior surfaces of intact tissues show a high overlap; whereas spectra from separated epithelium and connective tissue sections yielded clear clusters, though they also overlap on clusters of intact tissues. Spectra of all four groups of normal tissues gave exclusive clusters when tested against malignant spectra. Thus, this study demonstrates that spectra recorded from the superior surface of an intact tissue may have contributions from deeper layers but has no bearing from the classification of a malignant tissues point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atul Deshmukh
- Chilakapati Laboratory, ACTREC, Kharghar, Navi-Mumbai, India
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Fenn MB, Xanthopoulos P, Pyrgiotakis G, Grobmyer SR, Pardalos PM, Hench LL. Raman Spectroscopy for Clinical Oncology. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 2011:1-20. [DOI: 10.1155/2011/213783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death throughout the world. Advancements in early and improved diagnosis could help prevent a significant number of these deaths. Raman spectroscopy is a vibrational spectroscopic technique which has received considerable attention recently with regards to applications in clinical oncology. Raman spectroscopy has the potential not only to improve diagnosis of cancer but also to advance the treatment of cancer. A number of studies have investigated Raman spectroscopy for its potential to improve diagnosis and treatment of a wide variety of cancers. In this paper the most recent advances in dispersive Raman spectroscopy, which have demonstrated promising leads to real world application for clinical oncology are reviewed. The application of Raman spectroscopy to breast, brain, skin, cervical, gastrointestinal, oral, and lung cancers is reviewed as well as a special focus on the data analysis techniques, which have been employed in the studies.
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Colagar AH, Chaichi MJ, Khadjvand T. Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy as a diagnostic tool for distinguishing between normal and malignant human gastric tissue. J Biosci 2011; 36:669-77. [DOI: 10.1007/s12038-011-9090-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Abstract
Photoacoustic spectra of normal, benign, and malignant ovarian tissues are recorded using 325-nm pulsed laser excitation in vitro. A total of 102 (34 normal, 38 benign, and 30 malignant) spectra are obtained from 22 samples belonging to normal, benign, and malignant subjects. Applying multi-algorithm approach, comprised of methods such as, principal component analysis (PCA) based k-nearest neighbor (k-NN) analysis, artificial neural network (ANN) analysis, and support vector machine (SVM) analysis, classification of the data has been carried out. For PCA, first the calibration set is formed by pooling 45 spectra, 15 belonging to each of pathologically certified normal, benign, and malignant samples. PCA is then performed on the data matrix, comprised of the six spectral features extracted from each of 45 calibration samples, and three principal components (PCs) containing maximum diagnostic information are selected. The scores of the selected PCs are used to train the k-NN, ANN, and SVM classifiers. The ANN used is a classical multilayer feed forward network with back propagation algorithm for its training. For k-NN, the Euclidean distance based algorithm is used and for SVM, one-versus-rest multiclass kernel-radial basis function is used. The performance evaluation of the classification results are obtained by calculating statistical parameters like specificity and sensitivity. ANN and k-NN techniques showed identical performance with specificity and sensitivity values of 100 and 86.76%, whereas SVM had these values at 100 and 80.18%, respectively. In order to determine the relative diagnostic performance of the techniques, receiver operating characteristics analysis is also performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudha D Kamath
- Manipal University, Manipal Life Sciences Centre, Biophysics Unit, Manipal, India
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Mallidis C, Wistuba J, Bleisteiner B, Damm OS, Gross P, Wübbeling F, Fallnich C, Burger M, Schlatt S. In situ visualization of damaged DNA in human sperm by Raman microspectroscopy. Hum Reprod 2011; 26:1641-9. [PMID: 21531992 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/der122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Beyond determining the percentage of damaged sperm, current methods of DNA assessment are of limited clinical utility as they render the sample unusable. We evaluated Raman microspectroscopy, a laser-based non-invasive technique that provides detailed chemical 'fingerprints' of cells and which potentially could be used for nuclear DNA-based sperm selection. METHODS Eight healthy donors provided ejaculates. After system optimization, a minimum of 200 air-dried sperm/sample/donor, prior to/and after UVB irradiation, were assessed by two observers. Spectra were analysed by Principal Component, Spectral Angle and Wavelet Analyses. RESULTS Spectra provided a chemical map delineating each sperm head region. Principal Component Analysis showed clear separation between spectra from UV-irradiated and untreated samples whilst averaged data identified two regions of interest (1040 and 1400 cm(-1)). Local spectral analysis around the DNA PO(4) backbone peak (1042 cm(-1)), showed that changes in this region were indicative of DNA damage. Wavelet decomposition confirmed both the 1042 cm(-1) shift and a second UVB susceptible region (1400-1600 cm(-1)) corresponding to protein-DNA interactions. No difference was found between observer measurements. CONCLUSIONS Raman microspectroscopy can provide accurate and reproducible assessment of sperm DNA structure and the sites and location of damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Mallidis
- Centre for Reproductive Medicine and Andrology, University of Münster, Domagkstrasse 11, 48149 Münster, Germany.
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Yan B, Li Y, Yang G, Wen ZN, Li ML, Li LJ. Discrimination of parotid neoplasms from the normal parotid gland by use of Raman spectroscopy and support vector machine. Oral Oncol 2011; 47:430-5. [PMID: 21439894 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2011.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2011] [Revised: 02/13/2011] [Accepted: 02/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Preoperative diagnosis of neoplasms in the parotid gland is essential for successful surgical treatment. The purpose of this study is to apply Raman spectroscopy in order to distinguish the spectral differences between pleomorphic adenoma and Warthin tumor from that of normal parotid gland tissues. Furthermore we establish the diagnostic model of the Raman spectra of neoplasms in parotid gland by employing support vector machine (SVM) with Gaussian radial basis function. Firstly, Raman spectra from different histopathological tissues were obtained by near-infrared Raman microscope, SVM was then employed to analyze the different spectra and establish a discriminating model. As a result, the differences of peaks in the region 800-1800 cm(-1) demonstrated the biochemical molecular alterations between different histopathological tissues. Compared with normal parotid gland tissues, the content of proteins, lipids and DNA increased in pleomorphic adenoma. The content of DNA increased but proteins and lipids decreased in Warthin tumor. SVM displayed a powerful role in the classification of three different groups. The sensitivities and specificities of discrimination between different groups reached above 95% and 99%, respectively. Raman spectroscopy combined SVM algorithm could have great potential for providing a noninvasive, effective and accurate diagnostic technology for neoplasm diagnosis in the parotid gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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45
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Tosi G, Conti C, Giorgini E, Ferraris P, Garavaglia MG, Sabbatini S, Staibano S, Rubini C. FTIR microspectroscopy of melanocytic skin lesions: a preliminary study. Analyst 2010; 135:3213-9. [PMID: 20953511 DOI: 10.1039/c0an00505c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) microspectroscopy has been employed to investigate benign (ordinary dermal and Reed nevi), dysplastic and malignant (invasive melanoma) skin lesions through the analysis of spectral changes of melanocytes as well as in the evaluation of the presence of melanin. Hierarchical cluster analysis and principal component analysis led to a satisfactory separation of malignant from dysplastic and normal melanocytes. Also, on enlarging the clustering with spectra from Reed and dermal nevi, the multivariate analysis segregated well the spectral data into discrete clusters, allowing the obtaining of reliable average spectra for analysis at the molecular level of the main groups or components responsible for the biological and biochemical changes. The most significant spectral characteristics appear to be related to differences in secondary protein structures, in nucleic acid conformation, in intra- and intermolecular bonding. In all cases, supervised and unsupervised spectral analyses resulted in satisfactory agreement with histopathological findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Tosi
- ISAC Department, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy.
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Harris AT, Garg M, Yang XB, Fisher SE, Kirkham J, Smith DA, Martin-Hirsch DP, High AS. Raman spectroscopy and advanced mathematical modelling in the discrimination of human thyroid cell lines. Head Neck Oncol 2009; 1:38. [PMID: 19863815 PMCID: PMC2775737 DOI: 10.1186/1758-3284-1-38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2009] [Accepted: 10/28/2009] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Raman spectroscopy could offer non-invasive, rapid and an objective nature to cancer diagnostics. However, much work in this field has focused on resolving differences between cancerous and non-cancerous tissues, and lacks the reproducibility and interpretation to be put into clinical practice. Much work is needed on basic cellular differences between malignancy and normal. This would allow the establishment of a clinically relevant cellular based model to translate to tissue classification. Raman spectroscopy provides a very detailed biochemical analysis of the target material and to 'unlock' this potential requires sophisticated mathematical modelling such as neural networks as an adjunct to data interpretation. Commercially obtained cancerous and non-cancerous cells, cultured in the laboratory were used in Raman spectral measurements. Data trends were visualised through PCA and then subjected to neural network analysis based on self-organising maps; consisting of m maps, where m is the number of classes to be recognised. Each map approximates the statistical distribution of a given class. The neural network analysis provided a 95% accuracy for identification of the cancerous cell line and 92% accuracy for normal cell line. In this preliminary study we have demonstrated th ability to distinguish between "normal" and cancerous commercial cell lines. This encourages future work to establish the reasons underpinning these spectral differences and to move forward to more complex systems involving tissues. We have also shown that the use of sophisticated mathematical modelling allows a high degree of discrimination of 'raw' spectral data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew T Harris
- Department of Oral Biology, Level 6 Worsley Building, University of Leeds, Clarendon Way, Leeds, LS2 9LU, UK.
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Gentleman E, Swain RJ, Evans ND, Boonrungsiman S, Jell G, Ball MD, Shean TAV, Oyen ML, Porter A, Stevens MM. Comparative materials differences revealed in engineered bone as a function of cell-specific differentiation. Nat Mater 2009; 8:763-70. [PMID: 19633661 DOI: 10.1038/nmat2505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2009] [Accepted: 06/25/2009] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
An important aim of regenerative medicine is to restore tissue function with implantable, laboratory-grown constructs that contain tissue-specific cells that replicate the function of their counterparts in the healthy native tissue. It remains unclear, however, whether cells used in bone regeneration applications produce a material that mimics the structural and compositional complexity of native bone. By applying multivariate analysis techniques to micro-Raman spectra of mineralized nodules formed in vitro, we reveal cell-source-dependent differences in interactions between multiple bone-like mineral environments. Although osteoblasts and adult stem cells exhibited bone-specific biological activities and created a material with many of the hallmarks of native bone, the 'bone nodules' formed from embryonic stem cells were an order of magnitude less stiff, and lacked the distinctive nanolevel architecture and complex biomolecular and mineral composition noted in the native tissue. Understanding the biological mechanisms of bone formation in vitro that contribute to cell-source-specific materials differences may facilitate the development of clinically successful engineered bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eileen Gentleman
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
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Swain RJ, Kemp SJ, Goldstraw P, Tetley TD, Stevens MM. Spectral monitoring of surfactant clearance during alveolar epithelial type II cell differentiation. Biophys J 2008; 95:5978-87. [PMID: 18820234 PMCID: PMC2599825 DOI: 10.1529/biophysj.108.136168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2008] [Accepted: 08/25/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we report on the noninvasive identification of spectral markers of alveolar type II (ATII) cell differentiation in vitro using Raman microspectroscopy. ATII cells are progenitor cells for alveolar type I (ATI) cells in vivo, and spontaneously differentiate toward an ATI-like phenotype in culture. We analyzed undifferentiated and differentiated primary human ATII cells, and correlated Raman spectral changes to cellular changes in morphology and marker protein synthesis (surfactant protein C, alkaline phosphatase, caveolin-1). Undifferentiated ATII cells demonstrated spectra with strong phospholipid vibrations, arising from alveolar surfactant stored within cytoplasmic lamellar bodies (Lbs). Differentiated ATI-like cells yielded spectra with significantly less lipid content. Factor analysis revealed a phospholipid-dominated spectral component as the main discriminator between the ATII and ATI-like phenotypes. Spectral modeling of the data revealed a significant decrease in the spectral contribution of cellular lipids-specifically phosphatidyl choline, the main constituent of surfactant, as ATII cells differentiate. These observations were consistent with the clearance of surfactant from Lbs as ATII cells differentiate, and were further supported by cytochemical staining for Lbs. These results demonstrate the first spectral characterization of primary human ATII cells, and provide insight into the biochemical properties of alveolar surfactant in its unperturbed cellular environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin J Swain
- Department of Materials and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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Böcker U, Ofstad R, Wu Z, Bertram HC, Sockalingum GD, Manfait M, Egelandsdal B, Kohler A. Revealing covariance structures in fourier transform infrared and Raman microspectroscopy spectra: a study on pork muscle fiber tissue subjected to different processing parameters. Appl Spectrosc 2007; 61:1032-1039. [PMID: 17958951 DOI: 10.1366/000370207782217707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation patterns between Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and Raman microspectroscopic data obtained from pork muscle tissue, which helped to improve the interpretation and band assignment of the observed spectral features. The pork muscle tissue was subjected to different processing factors, including aging, salting, and heat treatment, in order to induce the necessary degree of variation of the spectra. For comparing the information gained from the two spectroscopic techniques with respect to the experimental design, multiblock principal component analysis (MPCA) was utilized for data analysis. The results showed that both FT-IR and Raman spectra were mostly affected by heat treatment, followed by the variation in salt content. Furthermore, it could be observed that IR amide I, II, and III band components appear to be effected to a different degree by brine-salting and heating. FT-IR bands assigned to specific protein secondary structures could be related to different Raman C-C stretching bands. The Raman C-C skeletal stretching bands at 1,031, 1,061, and 1,081 cm(-1) are related to the IR bands indicative of aggregated beta-structures, while the Raman bands at 901 cm(-1) and 934 cm(-1) showed a strong correlation with IR bands assigned to a alpha-helical structures. At the same time, the IR band at 1,610 cm(-1), which formerly was assigned to tyrosine in spectra originating from pork muscle, did not show a correlation to the strong tyrosine doublet at 827 and 852 cm(-1) found in Raman spectra, leading to the conclusion that the IR band at 1,610 cm(-1) found in pork muscle tissue is not originating from tyrosine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Böcker
- Centre for Biospectroscopy and Data Modelling, Matforsk AS, Norwegian Food Research Institute, Osloveien 1, N-1430 As, Norway.
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Chowdary MVP, Kumar KK, Thakur K, Anand A, Kurien J, Krishna CM, Mathew S. Discrimination of Normal and Malignant Mucosal Tissues of the Colon by Raman Spectroscopy. Photomed Laser Surg 2007; 25:269-74. [PMID: 17803383 DOI: 10.1089/pho.2006.2066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to evaluate the applicability of the discrimination parameters Mahalanobis distance, spectral residuals, and limit tests, developed by this group to differentiate normal from malignant colon tissues. BACKGROUND DATA Colon cancers are diagnosed using fiberoptic endoscopic localization and a subsequent histopathological examination of biopsied tissue, which is highly dependent on the skill and experience of the investigator. There exists a risk of missing significant lesions, especially with carcinoma in situ lesions. Raman spectroscopy, which is sensitive to biochemical variations in the samples and amenable to multivariate statistical tools, can lead to rapid and objective detection of colon cancer. METHODS A total of 102 spectra from 11 normal and 11 malignant ex vivo colon tissues were recorded by conventional near infrared (NIR) Raman spectroscopy (excitation wavelength of 785 nm). Spectral data were analyzed by principal components analysis (PCA) and other discriminating parameters, namely Mahalanobis distance, spectral residuals, and a multiparametric limit test approach. RESULTS Mean malignant spectra exhibit relatively stronger bands, suggesting the presence of additional biomolecules such as protein (stronger amide III and I), lipids (1,100, 1,300 cm(1)), and DNA (1,340, 1,470 cm(1)) versus those seen in normal tissue. Mean normal spectra indicate the presence of disordered structures (hump at 1,247 cm(1)). Scores of factor 1 gave good discrimination, and this is further fine-tuned by employing Mahalanobis distance and spectral residuals as discriminating parameters. A limit test approach provided unambiguous objective discrimination. CONCLUSION This study further supports the efficacy of Raman spectroscopy, in combination with a limit test, for discrimination of normal and malignant colon tissues. The multiparametric limit test approach is user-friendly, and a clinician or minimally trained individual could directly compare the unknown spectra against the available standard sets to make the decision instantly, objectively, and unambiguously.
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Affiliation(s)
- M V P Chowdary
- Centre for Laser Spectroscopy, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE) Life Science Centre, India
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