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Li K, Dai P, Li J, Liu L, Cheng S, Fang Q, Wu B. AKT/FOXM1/STMN1 signaling pathway activation by SMC1A promotes tumor growth in breast cancer. J Gene Med 2024; 26:e3661. [PMID: 38282144 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.3661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Upregulation of SMC1A (Structural maintenance of chromosomes 1A) is linked with many types of cancer and its oncogenic function, which has been associated with crucial cellular mechanisms (cell division, cell cycle checkpoints regulation and DNA repair). Recent studies have shown that SMC1A was involved in breast cancer, although the exact mechanisms of SMC1A remain to be determined. METHODS Using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, we examined SMC1A expression and its relation to other genes, including FOXM1 and STMN1. Short hairpin RNA was used to subsequently examine the biological roles of SMC1A in MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 cell lines. Bioinformatics were performed to identify the SMC1A-related gene FOXM1. RESULTS Here, we used the TCGA database to show that SMC1A is overexpressed in breast cancer. Later investigations showed SMC1A's role in breast cancer cell survival, apoptosis and invasion. Using bioinformatics and western blot assays, we confirmed that FOXM1 acted as the downstream of SMC1A, and SMC1A knockdown significantly downregulated the FOXM1 expression via the AKT signal pathway. Interestingly, the inhibition effects induced by SMC1A downregulation could be reversed by FOXM1 overexpression. In the clinic, SMC1A expression is favorably linked with FOXM1 expression in breast cancer tumor tissues. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our results not only enhance our knowledge of SMC1A's molecular pathways in breast cancer, but also suggest a potential new therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaichun Li
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Tianyou Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Dai
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Long Liu
- Department of Oncology, Tianyou Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shiyu Cheng
- Department of Oncology, Tianyou Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingliang Fang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, LongHua Hospital Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bingxiang Wu
- Department of Oncology, Tianyou Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Yan W, Wang DD, Zhang HD, Huang J, Hou JC, Yang SJ, Zhang J, Lu L, Zhang Q. Expression profile and prognostic values of SMC family members in HCC. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e31336. [PMID: 36281130 PMCID: PMC9592487 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000031336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The structural maintenance of chromosome (SMC) gene family, including 6 proteins, is involved in a wide range of biological functions in different human cancers. Nevertheless, there is little research on the expression patterns, potential functions and prognostic value of SMC genes in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Based on publicly available databases and integrative bioinformatics analysis, we tried to determine the value of SMC gene expression in predicting the risk of developing HCC. METHODS The expression and copy number variations data of SMC family members were obtained from TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas). We identified the prognostic values of SMC family members and their clinical features. GSEA (Gene Set Enrichment Analysis) was conducted to detect the mechanism underlying the involvement of SMC family members in liver cancer. We used Tumor Immune Estimation Resource database to explore the associations between TIICs (Tumor Immune Infiltrating Cells) and the SMC family members. RESULTS Our analysis proved that downregulation of SMC family members was common modification in HCC patients. In HCC, the expression of SMC1A, SMC2, SMC3, SMC4, SMC6 were upregulated. Upregulation of SMC2, SMC3, and SMC4, along with the clinical stage of HCC, were associated with a poor prognosis according to the results of univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis. SMC2, SMC3, and SMC4 are also related to tumor purity and immune infiltration levels of HCC. The GSEA results proved that SMC family members take part in numerous biological processes underlying tumorigenesis. CONCLUSION In this study, we comprehensively analyzed the expression of SMC family members in patients with HCC. This can provide insights for further investigation of the SMC members as potential therapeutic targets in HCC and suggest that the use of SMC inhibitor targeting SMC2, SMC3, and SMC4 can be a practical strategy for the therapy of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yan
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dan-Dan Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - He-Da Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinny Huang
- Department of Surgery, the Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jun-Chen Hou
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Su-Jin Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ling Lu
- Hepatobiliary Center of The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University & Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital (Jiangsu Cancer Hospital), Nanjing Medical, University, Nanjing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Qian Zhang, Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China (e-mail: )
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Hou W, Li Y, Zhang J, Xia Y, Wang X, Chen H, Lou H. Cohesin in DNA damage response and double-strand break repair. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2022; 57:333-350. [PMID: 35112600 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2022.2027336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Cohesin, a four-subunit ring comprising SMC1, SMC3, RAD21 and SA1/2, tethers sister chromatids by DNA replication-coupled cohesion (RC-cohesion) to guarantee correct chromosome segregation during cell proliferation. Postreplicative cohesion, also called damage-induced cohesion (DI-cohesion), is an emerging critical player in DNA damage response (DDR). In this review, we sum up recent progress on how cohesin regulates the DNA damage checkpoint activation and repair pathway choice, emphasizing postreplicative cohesin loading and DI-cohesion establishment in yeasts and mammals. DI-cohesion and RC-cohesion show distinct features in many aspects. DI-cohesion near or far from the break sites might undergo different regulations and execute different tasks in DDR and DSB repair. Furthermore, some open questions in this field and the significance of this new scenario to our understanding of genome stability maintenance and cohesinopathies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenya Hou
- Shenzhen University General Hospital, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability & Disease Prevention, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan Li
- Shenzhen University General Hospital, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability & Disease Prevention, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiaxin Zhang
- Shenzhen University General Hospital, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability & Disease Prevention, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yisui Xia
- Shenzhen University General Hospital, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability & Disease Prevention, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xueting Wang
- Shenzhen University General Hospital, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability & Disease Prevention, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Union Shenzhen Hospital, Department of Dermatology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (Nanshan Hospital), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongxiang Chen
- Union Shenzhen Hospital, Department of Dermatology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (Nanshan Hospital), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Huiqiang Lou
- Shenzhen University General Hospital, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability & Disease Prevention, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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Abstract
The cohesin complex is crucial for mediating sister chromatid cohesion and for hierarchal three-dimensional organization of the genome. Mutations in cohesin genes are present in a range of cancers. Extensive research over the last few years has shown that cohesin mutations are key events that contribute to neoplastic transformation. Cohesin is involved in a range of cellular processes; therefore, the impact of cohesin mutations in cancer is complex and can be cell context dependent. Candidate targets with therapeutic potential in cohesin mutant cells are emerging from functional studies. Here, we review emerging targets and pharmacological agents that have therapeutic potential in cohesin mutant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisha Antony
- Department of Pathology, Otago Medical School, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand;
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Chue Vin Chin
- Department of Pathology, Otago Medical School, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand;
| | - Julia A. Horsfield
- Department of Pathology, Otago Medical School, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand;
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
- Genetics Otago Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
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5
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Yi F, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Wang Z, Li Z, Zhou T, Xu H, Liu J, Jiang B, Li X, Wang L, Bai N, Guo Q, Guan Y, Feng Y, Mao Z, Fan G, Zhang S, Wang C, Cao L, O'Rourke BP, Wang Y, Wu Y, Wu B, You S, Zhang N, Guan J, Song X, Sun Y, Wei S, Cao L. The deacetylation-phosphorylation regulation of SIRT2-SMC1A axis as a mechanism of antimitotic catastrophe in early tumorigenesis. Sci Adv 2021; 7:7/9/eabe5518. [PMID: 33627431 PMCID: PMC7904255 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abe5518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Improper distribution of chromosomes during mitosis can contribute to malignant transformation. Higher eukaryotes have evolved a mitotic catastrophe mechanism for eliminating mitosis-incompetent cells; however, the signaling cascade and its epigenetic regulation are poorly understood. Our analyses of human cancerous tissue revealed that the NAD-dependent deacetylase SIRT2 is up-regulated in early-stage carcinomas of various organs. Mass spectrometry analysis revealed that SIRT2 interacts with and deacetylates the structural maintenance of chromosomes protein 1 (SMC1A), which then promotes SMC1A phosphorylation to properly drive mitosis. We have further demonstrated that inhibition of SIRT2 activity or continuously increasing SMC1A-K579 acetylation causes abnormal chromosome segregation, which, in turn, induces mitotic catastrophe in cancer cells and enhances their vulnerability to chemotherapeutic agents. These findings suggest that regulation of the SIRT2-SMC1A axis through deacetylation-phosphorylation permits escape from mitotic catastrophe, thus allowing early precursor lesions to overcome oncogenic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yi
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology of Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, Liaoning Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Aging Related Disease Diagnosis and Treatment and Prevention, China Medical University, , No. 77, Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, China
| | - Zhijun Wang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology of Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, Liaoning Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Aging Related Disease Diagnosis and Treatment and Prevention, China Medical University, , No. 77, Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China
| | - Zhuo Wang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology of Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, Liaoning Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Aging Related Disease Diagnosis and Treatment and Prevention, China Medical University, , No. 77, Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China
| | - Ziwei Li
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology of Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, Liaoning Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Aging Related Disease Diagnosis and Treatment and Prevention, China Medical University, , No. 77, Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China
| | - Tingting Zhou
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology of Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, Liaoning Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Aging Related Disease Diagnosis and Treatment and Prevention, China Medical University, , No. 77, Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China
| | - Hongde Xu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology of Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, Liaoning Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Aging Related Disease Diagnosis and Treatment and Prevention, China Medical University, , No. 77, Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China
| | - Jingwei Liu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology of Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, Liaoning Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Aging Related Disease Diagnosis and Treatment and Prevention, China Medical University, , No. 77, Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China
| | - Bo Jiang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology of Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, Liaoning Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Aging Related Disease Diagnosis and Treatment and Prevention, China Medical University, , No. 77, Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China
| | - Xiaoman Li
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology of Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, Liaoning Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Aging Related Disease Diagnosis and Treatment and Prevention, China Medical University, , No. 77, Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110122, China
| | - Ning Bai
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology of Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, Liaoning Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Aging Related Disease Diagnosis and Treatment and Prevention, China Medical University, , No. 77, Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China
| | - Qiqiang Guo
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology of Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, Liaoning Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Aging Related Disease Diagnosis and Treatment and Prevention, China Medical University, , No. 77, Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China
| | - Yi Guan
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology of Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, Liaoning Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Aging Related Disease Diagnosis and Treatment and Prevention, China Medical University, , No. 77, Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China
| | - Yanling Feng
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology of Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, Liaoning Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Aging Related Disease Diagnosis and Treatment and Prevention, China Medical University, , No. 77, Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China
| | - Zhiyong Mao
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200082, China
| | - Guangjian Fan
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Shengping Zhang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Chuangui Wang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Longyue Cao
- Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Brian P O'Rourke
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Yang Wang
- Panjin Liaohe Oilfield Gem Flower Hospital, Panjin, Liaoning Province 124010, China
| | - Yanmei Wu
- Panjin Liaohe Oilfield Gem Flower Hospital, Panjin, Liaoning Province 124010, China
| | - Boquan Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, China
| | - Shilong You
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, China
| | - Naijin Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, China
| | - Junlin Guan
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Xiaoyu Song
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology of Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, Liaoning Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Aging Related Disease Diagnosis and Treatment and Prevention, China Medical University, , No. 77, Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China.
| | - Yingxian Sun
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, China.
| | - Shi Wei
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35249-7331, USA.
| | - Liu Cao
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology of Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, Liaoning Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Aging Related Disease Diagnosis and Treatment and Prevention, China Medical University, , No. 77, Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China.
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Mintz RL, Lao Y, Chi C, He S, Li M, Quek CH, Shao D, Chen B, Han J, Wang S, Leong KW. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mutagenesis to validate the synergy between PARP1 inhibition and chemotherapy in BRCA1-mutated breast cancer cells. Bioeng Transl Med 2020; 5:e10152. [PMID: 31989039 PMCID: PMC6971465 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
For patients carrying BRCA1 mutations, at least one-third develop triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). Not only is TNBC difficult to treat due to the lack of molecular target receptors, but BRCA1 mutations (BRCA1m) also result in chemotherapeutic resistance, making disease recurrence more likely. Although BRCA1m are highly heterogeneous and therefore difficult to target, BRCA1 gene's synthetic lethal pair, PARP1, is conserved in BRCA1m cancer cells. Therefore, we hypothesize that targeting PARP1 might be a fruitful direction to sensitize BRCA1m cancer cells to chemotherapy. We used CRISPR/Cas9 technology to generate PARP1 deficiency in two TNBC cell lines, MDA-MB-231 (BRCA1 wild-type) and MDA-MB-436 (BRCA1m). We explored whether this PARP1 disruption (PARP1m) could significantly lower the chemotherapeutic dose necessary to achieve therapeutic efficacy in both a 2D and 3D tumor-on-a-chip model. With both BRCA1m and PARP1m, the TNBC cells were more sensitive to three representative chemotherapeutic breast cancer drugs, doxorubicin, gemcitabine and docetaxel, compared with the PARP1 wild-type counterpart in the 2D culture environment. However, PARP1m did not result in this synergy in the 3D tumor-on-a-chip model, suggesting that drug dosing in the tumor microenvironment may influence the synergy. Taken together, our results highlight a discrepancy in the efficacy of the combination of PARP1 inhibition and chemotherapy for TNBC treatment, which should be clarified to justify further clinical testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel L. Mintz
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringColumbia UniversityNew YorkNew York
| | - Yeh‐Hsing Lao
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringColumbia UniversityNew YorkNew York
| | - Chun‐Wei Chi
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringCUNY‐City College of New YorkNew YorkNew York
| | - Siyu He
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringColumbia UniversityNew YorkNew York
| | - Mingqiang Li
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringColumbia UniversityNew YorkNew York
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Translational MedicineThe Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Chai Hoon Quek
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringColumbia UniversityNew YorkNew York
| | - Dan Shao
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringColumbia UniversityNew YorkNew York
| | - Boyuan Chen
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringColumbia UniversityNew YorkNew York
| | - Jing Han
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringColumbia UniversityNew YorkNew York
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial ResourcesInstitute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Sihong Wang
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringCUNY‐City College of New YorkNew YorkNew York
| | - Kam W. Leong
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringColumbia UniversityNew YorkNew York
- Department of Systems BiologyColumbia University Medical CenterNew YorkNew York
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7
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mutations in cohesin genes have been described in numerous solid cancers and hematologic malignancies; subsequent experimental evidence has linked these mutations with carcinogenesis. Areas covered: In this review, we present current information about the physiological role of the cohesin complex in normal and malignant cells and describe current therapeutic strategies that are being explored in cohesin-mutated cancers. We discuss a range of targets and strategies that should be explored to develop targeted therapies for patients with aberrant cohesin. Expert opinion: Targeting of the cohesin complex is an underexplored area of drug development. There is a high frequency of cohesin mutations in multiple cancers, hence specific targeting strategies should be explored. Cohesins play a crucial role in cellular organization; therefore, we expect a narrow therapeutic window of direct inhibitors of cohesin components. Exploiting experimental approaches that correct dysfunctional cohesins and coupling them with current therapeutic strategies can provide novel, innovative and more effective treatment regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Mintzas
- a Department of Hematology , Oncology, Hemostasis and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School , Hannover , Germany
| | - Michael Heuser
- a Department of Hematology , Oncology, Hemostasis and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School , Hannover , Germany
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8
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Yadav S, Kowolik CM, Lin M, Zuro D, Hui SK, Riggs AD, Horne DA. SMC1A is associated with radioresistance in prostate cancer and acts by regulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition and cancer stem-like properties. Mol Carcinog 2018; 58:113-125. [PMID: 30242889 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers and a pressing health challenge in men worldwide. Radiation therapy (RT) is widely considered a standard therapy for advanced as well as localized prostate cancer. Although this primary therapy is associated with high cancer control rates, up to one-third of patients undergoing radiation therapy becomes radio-resistant and/or has tumor-relapse/recurrence. Therefore, focus on new molecular targets and pathways is essential to develop novel radio-sensitizing agents for the effective and safe treatment of prostate cancer. Here, we describe functional studies that were performed to investigate the role of structural maintenance of chromosome-1 (SMC1A) in radioresistance of metastatic prostate cancer cells. Short hairpin RNA (shRNA) was used to suppress SMC1A in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer cells, DU145 and PC3. Clonogenic survival assays, Western blot, RT-PCR, and γ-H2AX staining were used to assess the effect of SMC1A knockdown on radiation sensitivity of these prostate cancer cells. We demonstrate that SMC1A is overexpressed in human prostate tumors compared to the normal adjacent tissue. SMC1A knockdown limits the clonogenic potential, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and cancer stem-like cell (CSC) properties of DU145 and PC3 cells and enhanced efficacy of RT in these cells. Targeted inhibition of SMC1A not only plays a critical role in overcoming radio-resistance in prostate cancer cells, but also suppresses self-renewal and the tumor-propagating potential of x-irradiated cancer cells. We propose that SMC1A could be a potential molecular target for the development of novel radio-sensitizing therapeutic agents for management of radio-resistant metastatic prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushma Yadav
- Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California.,Department of Molecular Medicine, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - Claudia M Kowolik
- Department of Molecular Medicine, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - Min Lin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - Darren Zuro
- Department of Radiation Oncology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - Susanta K Hui
- Department of Radiation Oncology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - Arthur D Riggs
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - David A Horne
- Department of Molecular Medicine, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
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9
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Zhang Y, Yi F, Wang L, Wang Z, Zhang N, Wang Z, Li Z, Song X, Wei S, Cao L. Phosphorylation of SMC1A promotes hepatocellular carcinoma cell proliferation and migration. Int J Biol Sci 2018; 14:1081-1089. [PMID: 29988990 PMCID: PMC6036730 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.24692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Structural maintenance of chromosomes protein 1A (SMC1A) has been implicated in the development of a variety of cancer types. However, its role in hepatocellular carcinoma remains unknown. In this study, we found that phosphorylated SMC1A was highly expressed in HepG2 and Bel7402 cells when compared with other cancer cell lines. Furthermore, SMC1A knockdown dramatically reduced HepG2 and Bel7402 cell proliferation and migration. Re-expressing phosphomimetic mutants S957DS966D significantly enhanced the proliferation and migration of SMC1A knockdown HepG2 and Bel7402 cells. In addition, phosphorylated SMC1A promotes hepatocellular carcinoma cells growth in vivo. Importantly, the expression of phosphorylated SMC1A was significantly higher in human hepatocellular carcinomacells when compared to peri-tumor benign hepatocytes, and its overexpression was significantly associated with worse prognostic outcomes. These observations suggest that phosphorylation of SMC1A is a vital event in tumorigenesis and disease progression in hepatocellular carcinoma thus necessitating further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education; Institute of Translational Medicine, China Medical University; Liaoning Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Aging Related Disease Diagnosis and Treatment and Prevention, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Fei Yi
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education; Institute of Translational Medicine, China Medical University; Liaoning Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Aging Related Disease Diagnosis and Treatment and Prevention, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Pathology, The College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Zhuo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education; Institute of Translational Medicine, China Medical University; Liaoning Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Aging Related Disease Diagnosis and Treatment and Prevention, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Naijin Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Zhijun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education; Institute of Translational Medicine, China Medical University; Liaoning Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Aging Related Disease Diagnosis and Treatment and Prevention, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Ziwei Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education; Institute of Translational Medicine, China Medical University; Liaoning Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Aging Related Disease Diagnosis and Treatment and Prevention, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xiaoyu Song
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education; Institute of Translational Medicine, China Medical University; Liaoning Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Aging Related Disease Diagnosis and Treatment and Prevention, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.,Department of Pathology, The College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.,Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.,Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35249-7331, USA
| | - Shi Wei
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35249-7331, USA
| | - Liu Cao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education; Institute of Translational Medicine, China Medical University; Liaoning Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Aging Related Disease Diagnosis and Treatment and Prevention, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
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10
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Ndagi U, Mhlongo NN, Soliman ME. Emergence of a Promising Lead Compound in the Treatment of Triple Negative Breast Cancer: An Insight into Conformational Features and Ligand Binding Landscape of c-Src Protein with UM-164. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2018; 185:655-75. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-017-2677-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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11
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Jiang M, Zhuang H, Xia R, Gan L, Wu Y, Ma J, Sun Y, Zhuang Z. KIF11 is required for proliferation and self-renewal of docetaxel resistant triple negative breast cancer cells. Oncotarget 2017; 8:92106-92118. [PMID: 29190901 PMCID: PMC5696167 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of chemoresistance remains a major hurdle for triple negative breast cancer treatment. Previous studies suggest that CD44+/CD24- cells, subpopulation of cancer stem cells with self-renewing and tumor-initiating capacities, are partly responsible for chemoresistance and therapeutic failure of triple negative breast cancer. Therefore, novel agents that target cancer stem cells (CSCs) may improve the clinical outcome. KIF11 (kinesin family member 11), overexpressed in many cancer cells, is a molecular motor protein that plays essential role in mitosis. In this study, we assess its role in docetaxel resistant triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). We found that the expression of KIF11 was significantly increased in CD44+/CD24- subpopulation of docetaxel resistant TNBC cells. Knockdown of KIF11 resulted in a significant decrease in the percentage of CSCs and mammosphere formation. KIF11 knockdown also inhibits cell growth and induces cell cycle G2/M arrest followed by cell mitosis and apoptosis. Further docetaxel resistant TNBC xenograft models demonstrated that KIF11 inhibitor exerts growth inhibitory effect in vivo. Of note, we also found that KIF11 was highly expressed in TNBC and its expression was correlated with shorter disease free survival time. All these data indicate that KIF11 is critical for proliferation and self-renewal in TNBC tumor cells in vitro and in vivo, suggesting that KIF11 may be a promising therapeutic target for treating chemoresistant TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Jiang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, China.,Institute of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, China
| | - Huiru Zhuang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, China
| | - Rui Xia
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, China.,Institute of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, China
| | - Lei Gan
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, China.,Institute of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, China
| | - Yuantao Wu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, China.,Institute of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, China
| | - Junzhe Ma
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, China.,Institute of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, China
| | - Yihui Sun
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, China
| | - Zhixiang Zhuang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, China.,Institute of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, China
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12
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Yi F, Wang Z, Liu J, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Xu H, Li X, Bai N, Cao L, Song X. Structural Maintenance of Chromosomes protein 1: Role in Genome Stability and Tumorigenesis. Int J Biol Sci 2017; 13:1092-1099. [PMID: 28924389 PMCID: PMC5599913 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.21206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
SMC1 (Structural Maintenance of Chromosomes protein 1), well known as one of the SMC superfamily members, has been explored to function in many activities including chromosome dynamics, cell cycle checkpoint, DNA damage repair and genome stability. Upon being properly assembled as part of cohesin, SMC1 can be phosphorylated by ATM and mediate downstream DNA damage repair after ionizing irradiation. Abnormal gene expression or mutation of SMC1 can cause defect in the DNA damage repair pathway, which has been strongly associated with tumorigenesis. Here we focus to discuss SMC1's role in genome stability maintenance and tumorigenesis. Deciphering the underlying molecular mechanism can provide insight into novel strategies for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yi
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education; Institute of Translational Medicine, China Medical University; Liaoning Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Aging Related Disease Diagnosis and Treatment and Prevention, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Zhuo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education; Institute of Translational Medicine, China Medical University; Liaoning Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Aging Related Disease Diagnosis and Treatment and Prevention, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Jingwei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education; Institute of Translational Medicine, China Medical University; Liaoning Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Aging Related Disease Diagnosis and Treatment and Prevention, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education; Institute of Translational Medicine, China Medical University; Liaoning Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Aging Related Disease Diagnosis and Treatment and Prevention, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Zhijun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education; Institute of Translational Medicine, China Medical University; Liaoning Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Aging Related Disease Diagnosis and Treatment and Prevention, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Hongde Xu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education; Institute of Translational Medicine, China Medical University; Liaoning Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Aging Related Disease Diagnosis and Treatment and Prevention, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xiaoman Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education; Institute of Translational Medicine, China Medical University; Liaoning Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Aging Related Disease Diagnosis and Treatment and Prevention, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Ning Bai
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education; Institute of Translational Medicine, China Medical University; Liaoning Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Aging Related Disease Diagnosis and Treatment and Prevention, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Liu Cao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education; Institute of Translational Medicine, China Medical University; Liaoning Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Aging Related Disease Diagnosis and Treatment and Prevention, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xiaoyu Song
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education; Institute of Translational Medicine, China Medical University; Liaoning Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Aging Related Disease Diagnosis and Treatment and Prevention, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
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13
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Zu Y, Zhu Z, Lin M, Xu D, Liang Y, Wang Y, Qiao Z, Cao T, Yang D, Gao L, Jin P, Zhang P, Fu J, Zheng J. MiR-9 Promotes Apoptosis Via Suppressing SMC1A Expression in GBM Cell Lines. Curr Chem Genom Transl Med 2017; 11:31-40. [PMID: 28868238 PMCID: PMC5564015 DOI: 10.2174/2213988501711010031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Glioblastomas multiforme (GBM) is the most malignant brain cancer, which presented vast genomic variation with complicated pathologic mechanism. Method: MicroRNA is a delicate post-transcriptional tuner of gene expression in the organisms by targeting and regulating protein coding genes. MiR-9 was reported as a significant biomarker for GBM patient prognosis and a key factor in regulation of GBM cancer stem cells. To explore the effect of miR-9 on GBM cell growth, we over expressed miR-9 in U87 and U251 cells. The cell viability decreased and apoptosis increased after miR-9 overexpression in these cells. To identify the target of miR-9, we scanned miR-9 binding site in the 3’UTRs region of expression SMC1A (structural maintenance of chromosomes 1A) genes and designed a fluorescent reporter assay to measure miR-9 binding to this region. Our results revealed that miR-9 binds to the 3’sUTR region of SMC1A and down-regulated SMC1A expression. Result: Our results indicated that miR-9 was a potential therapeutic target for GBM through triggering apoptosis of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zhichuan Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Min Lin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Dafeng Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yongjun Liang
- Center for Medical Research and Innovation, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, 2800 Gongwei Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201399, China
| | - Yueqian Wang
- Center for Medical Research and Innovation, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, 2800 Gongwei Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201399, China
| | - Zhengdong Qiao
- Center for Medical Research and Innovation, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, 2800 Gongwei Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201399, China
| | - Ting Cao
- Center for Medical Research and Innovation, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, 2800 Gongwei Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201399, China
| | - Dan Yang
- Center for Medical Research and Innovation, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, 2800 Gongwei Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201399, China
| | - Lili Gao
- Center for Medical Research and Innovation, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, 2800 Gongwei Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201399, China
| | - Pengpeng Jin
- Center for Medical Research and Innovation, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, 2800 Gongwei Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201399, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Center for Medical Research and Innovation, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, 2800 Gongwei Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201399, China
| | - Jianjun Fu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jing Zheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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14
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Yang ZM, Liao XM, Chen Y, Shen YY, Yang XY, Su Y, Sun YM, Gao YL, Ding J, Zhang A, He JX, Miao ZH. Combining 53BP1 with BRCA1 as a biomarker to predict the sensitivity of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2017; 38:1038-1047. [PMID: 28414200 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2017.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Over half of patients with BRCA1-deficient cancers do not respond to treatment with poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors. In this study, we report that a combination of 53BP1 and BRCA1 may serve as a biomarker of PARP inhibitor sensitivity. Based on the mRNA levels of four homologous recombination repair (HR) genes and PARP inhibitor sensitivity, we selected BRCA1-deficient MDA-MB-436 cells to conduct RNA interference. Reducing expression of 53BP1, but not the other three HR genes, was found to lower simmiparib sensitivity. Additionally, we generated 53BP1-/-/BRCA1-/- clonal variants by the transcription activator-like effector nuclease (TALEN) technique and found that depleting 53BP1 impaired PARP inhibitor sensitivity with a 36.7-fold increase in their IC50 values. Consistent with its effect on PARP inhibitor sensitivity, 53BP1 loss alleviated cell cycle arrest and apoptosis and partially restored HR function. Importantly, 53BP1 depletion dramatically reduced the ability of PARP inhibitors to suppress tumor growth in vivo. The inhibition rate of simmiparib was 74.16% for BRCA1-deficient MDA-MB-436 xenografts, but only 7.79% for 53BP1/BRCA1-deficient xenografts. Re-expressing 53BP1 in the dual-deficient cells restored PARP inhibitor sensitivity and the levels of HR regulators. Considering that at least 10% of BRCA1-deficient breast and ovarian cancers have reduced expression of 53BP1, using a combination of 53BP1 with BRCA1 as a biomarker for patient selection should reduce the number of patients undergoing futile treatment with PARP inhibitors.
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15
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Yang ZM, Liao XM, Chen Y, Shen YY, Yang XY, Su Y, Sun YM, Gao YL, Ding J, Zhang A, He JX, Miao ZH. Combining 53BP1 with BRCA1 as a biomarker to predict the sensitivity of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2017; 38:1038-47. [PMID: 28414200 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2017.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Over half of patients with BRCA1-deficient cancers do not respond to treatment with poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors. In this study, we report that a combination of 53BP1 and BRCA1 may serve as a biomarker of PARP inhibitor sensitivity. Based on the mRNA levels of four homologous recombination repair (HR) genes and PARP inhibitor sensitivity, we selected BRCA1-deficient MDA-MB-436 cells to conduct RNA interference. Reducing expression of 53BP1, but not the other three HR genes, was found to lower simmiparib sensitivity. Additionally, we generated 53BP1-/-/BRCA1-/- clonal variants by the transcription activator-like effector nuclease (TALEN) technique and found that depleting 53BP1 impaired PARP inhibitor sensitivity with a 36.7-fold increase in their IC50 values. Consistent with its effect on PARP inhibitor sensitivity, 53BP1 loss alleviated cell cycle arrest and apoptosis and partially restored HR function. Importantly, 53BP1 depletion dramatically reduced the ability of PARP inhibitors to suppress tumor growth in vivo. The inhibition rate of simmiparib was 74.16% for BRCA1-deficient MDA-MB-436 xenografts, but only 7.79% for 53BP1/BRCA1-deficient xenografts. Re-expressing 53BP1 in the dual-deficient cells restored PARP inhibitor sensitivity and the levels of HR regulators. Considering that at least 10% of BRCA1-deficient breast and ovarian cancers have reduced expression of 53BP1, using a combination of 53BP1 with BRCA1 as a biomarker for patient selection should reduce the number of patients undergoing futile treatment with PARP inhibitors.
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16
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Yang ZM, Liao XM, Chen Y, Shen YY, Yang XY, Su Y, Sun YM, Gao YL, Ding J, Zhang A, He JX, Miao ZH. Combining 53BP1 with BRCA1 as a biomarker to predict the sensitivity of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2017; 38:1038-47. [PMID: 28414200 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2017.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Over half of patients with BRCA1-deficient cancers do not respond to treatment with poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors. In this study, we report that a combination of 53BP1 and BRCA1 may serve as a biomarker of PARP inhibitor sensitivity. Based on the mRNA levels of four homologous recombination repair (HR) genes and PARP inhibitor sensitivity, we selected BRCA1-deficient MDA-MB-436 cells to conduct RNA interference. Reducing expression of 53BP1, but not the other three HR genes, was found to lower simmiparib sensitivity. Additionally, we generated 53BP1-/-/BRCA1-/- clonal variants by the transcription activator-like effector nuclease (TALEN) technique and found that depleting 53BP1 impaired PARP inhibitor sensitivity with a 36.7-fold increase in their IC50 values. Consistent with its effect on PARP inhibitor sensitivity, 53BP1 loss alleviated cell cycle arrest and apoptosis and partially restored HR function. Importantly, 53BP1 depletion dramatically reduced the ability of PARP inhibitors to suppress tumor growth in vivo. The inhibition rate of simmiparib was 74.16% for BRCA1-deficient MDA-MB-436 xenografts, but only 7.79% for 53BP1/BRCA1-deficient xenografts. Re-expressing 53BP1 in the dual-deficient cells restored PARP inhibitor sensitivity and the levels of HR regulators. Considering that at least 10% of BRCA1-deficient breast and ovarian cancers have reduced expression of 53BP1, using a combination of 53BP1 with BRCA1 as a biomarker for patient selection should reduce the number of patients undergoing futile treatment with PARP inhibitors.
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17
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Frazão B, Campos A, Osório H, Thomas B, Leandro S, Teixeira A, Vasconcelos V, Antunes A. Analysis of Pelagia noctiluca proteome Reveals a Red Fluorescent Protein, a Zinc Metalloproteinase and a Peroxiredoxin. Protein J 2017; 36:77-97. [PMID: 28258523 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-017-9695-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Pelagia noctiluca is the most venomous jellyfish in the Mediterranean Sea where it forms dense blooms. Although there is several published research on this species, until now none of the works has been focused on a complete protein profile of the all body constituents of this organism. Here, we have performed a detailed proteomics characterization of the major protein components expressed by P. noctiluca. With that aim, we have considered the study of jellyfish proteins involved in defense, body constituents and metabolism, and furthered explore the significance and potential application of such bioactive molecules. P. noctiluca body proteins were separated by1D SDS-PAGE and 2DE followed by characterization by nanoLC-MS/MS and MALDI-TOF/TOF techniques. Altogether, both methods revealed 68 different proteins, including a Zinc Metalloproteinase, a Red Fluorescent Protein (RFP) and a Peroxiredoxin. These three proteins were identified for the first time in P. noctiluca. Zinc Metalloproteinase was previously reported in the venom of other jellyfish species. Besides the proteins described above, the other 65 proteins found in P. noctiluca body content were identified and associated with its clinical significance. Among all the proteins identified in this work we highlight: Zinc metalloproteinase, which has a ShK toxin domain and therefore should be implicated in the sting toxicity of P. noctiluca.; the RFP which are a very important family of proteins due to its possible application as molecular markers; and last but not least the discovery of a Peroxiredoxin in this organism makes it a new natural resource of antioxidant and anti-UV radiation agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Frazão
- CIIMAR/CIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos, s/n, 4450-208, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Alexandre Campos
- CIIMAR/CIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos, s/n, 4450-208, Porto, Portugal
| | - Hugo Osório
- IPATIMUP, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Benjamin Thomas
- Proteomics Facility, Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sérgio Leandro
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, 2520-641, Peniche, Portugal
| | - Alexandre Teixeira
- Department of Human Genetics, National Health Institute Dr. Ricardo Jorge, 1649-016, Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Human Molecular Genetics Research Center (CIGMH), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1349-008, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Vitor Vasconcelos
- CIIMAR/CIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos, s/n, 4450-208, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Agostinho Antunes
- CIIMAR/CIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos, s/n, 4450-208, Porto, Portugal.
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal.
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18
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Ware MJ, Krzykawska-Serda M, Chak-Shing Ho J, Newton J, Suki S, Law J, Nguyen L, Keshishian V, Serda M, Taylor K, Curley SA, Corr SJ. Optimizing non-invasive radiofrequency hyperthermia treatment for improving drug delivery in 4T1 mouse breast cancer model. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43961. [PMID: 28287120 PMCID: PMC5347121 DOI: 10.1038/srep43961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Interactions of high-frequency radio waves (RF) with biological tissues are currently being investigated as a therapeutic platform for non-invasive cancer hyperthermia therapy. RF delivers thermal energy into tissues, which increases intra-tumoral drug perfusion and blood-flow. Herein, we describe an optical-based method to optimize the short-term treatment schedules of drug and hyperthermia administration in a 4T1 breast cancer model via RF, with the aim of maximizing drug localization and homogenous distribution within the tumor microenvironment. This method, based on the analysis of fluorescent dyes localized into the tumor, is more time, cost and resource efficient, when compared to current analytical methods for tumor-targeting drug analysis such as HPLC and LC-MS. Alexa-Albumin 647 nm fluorphore was chosen as a surrogate for nab-paclitaxel based on its similar molecular weight and albumin driven pharmacokinetics. We found that RF hyperthermia induced a 30–40% increase in Alexa-Albumin into the tumor micro-environment 24 h after treatment when compared to non-heat treated mice. Additionally, we showed that the RF method of delivering hyperthermia to tumors was more localized and uniform across the tumor mass when compared to other methods of heating. Lastly, we provided insight into some of the factors that influence the delivery of RF hyperthermia to tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Ware
- Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Martyna Krzykawska-Serda
- Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Houston, TX, USA.,Department Biophysics Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | | | - Jared Newton
- Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Houston, TX, USA.,Interdepartmental program in Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sarah Suki
- Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Justin Law
- Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lam Nguyen
- Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Maciej Serda
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland.,Rice University, Department of Chemistry, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kimberly Taylor
- Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Steven A Curley
- Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Houston, TX, USA.,Rice University, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Stuart J Corr
- Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Houston, TX, USA.,Rice University, Department of Chemistry, Houston, TX, USA.,University of Houston, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Houston, TX, USA
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19
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Abstract
Cohesin is a large ring-shaped protein complex, conserved from yeast to human, which participates in most DNA transactions that take place in the nucleus. It mediates sister chromatid cohesion, which is essential for chromosome segregation and homologous recombination (HR)-mediated DNA repair. Together with architectural proteins and transcriptional regulators, such as CTCF and Mediator, respectively, it contributes to genome organization at different scales and thereby affects transcription, DNA replication, and locus rearrangement. Although cohesin is essential for cell viability, partial loss of function can affect these processes differently in distinct cell types. Mutations in genes encoding cohesin subunits and regulators of the complex have been identified in several cancers. Understanding the functional significance of these alterations may have relevant implications for patient classification, risk prediction, and choice of treatment. Moreover, identification of vulnerabilities in cancer cells harboring cohesin mutations may provide new therapeutic opportunities and guide the design of personalized treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magali De Koninck
- Chromosome Dynamics Group, Molecular Oncology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid E-28029, Spain
| | - Ana Losada
- Chromosome Dynamics Group, Molecular Oncology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid E-28029, Spain
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20
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Repo H, Löyttyniemi E, Nykänen M, Lintunen M, Karra H, Pitkänen R, Söderström M, Kuopio T, Kronqvist P. The Expression of Cohesin Subunit SA2 Predicts Breast Cancer Survival. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2016; 24:615-621. [PMID: 26447899 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000000240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cohesin is one of the main regulators of sister chromatid separation during the metaphase/anaphase transition. It is a multiprotein complex consisting of 4 core subunits, one of those being the SA2 subunit. SA2 plays the final role in dismantling the cohesion complex from the sister chromatids and also functions in DNA double-strand break repair and gene regulation. There is increasing evidence regarding the involvement of both overexpression and underexpression of cohesin in cancer. Here, we present expression patterns of SA2 in different types of human breast tissue, and the prognostic analysis in the material from breast cancer patients with long-term follow-up. SA2 immunoexpression was evaluated in benign, precancerous, and malignant breast tissue, and was classified into low-intensity or high-intensity groups. The DNA content was determined by image cytometry on breast cancer cell imprints. Prognostic analyses were based on 445 breast cancer patients with upto 20 years' follow-up. SA2 immunoexpression was equally high in both benign and precancerous breast tissue. Instead, 72% of the invasive breast cancers showed deficient SA2 expression. These patients were also associated with an unfavorable outcome as indicated by a 1.6-fold risk of breast cancer death (P=0.0208). The majority (75%) of the patients with low SA2 expression were alive 6.0 years after the diagnosis, whereas the majority of the patients with high SA2 expression survived 17.6 years after the diagnosis. No statistically significant association could be detected between SA2 immunoexpression and DNA aneuploidy. Our results and previous literature indicate that decreased SA2 immunoexpression is associated with malignant breast disease and a particularly unfavorable course of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heli Repo
- *Department of Pathology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital †Department of Medical Statistics, Medical Faculty, University of Turku, Turku ‡Department of Pathology, Jyväskylä Central Hospital, Jyväskylä §Department of Pathology, Pori Central Hospital, Pori, Finland
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Foo JB, Saiful Yazan L, Tor YS, Wibowo A, Ismail N, Armania N, Cheah YK, Abdullah R. Dillenia suffruticosa dichloromethane root extract induced apoptosis towards MDA-MB-231 triple-negative breast cancer cells. J Ethnopharmacol 2016; 187:195-204. [PMID: 27131434 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.04.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2015] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Dillenia suffruticosa is traditionally used for treatment of cancerous growth including breast cancer in Malaysia. AIM OF THE STUDY Dillenia suffruticosa is a well-known medicinal plant in Malaysia for the treatment of cancer. Nevertheless, no study has been reported the cytotoxicity of this plant towards MDA-MB-231 triple-negative breast cancer cells. The present study was designed to investigate the mode of cell death and signalling pathways of MDA-MB-231 cells treated with dichloromethane Dillenia suffruticosa root extract (DCM-DS). METHODS Extraction of Dillenia suffruticosa root was performed by the use of sequential solvent procedure. The cytotoxicity of DCM-DS was determined by using MTT assay. The mode of cell death was evaluated by using an inverted light microscope and flow cytometry analysis using Annexin-V/PI. Cell cycle analysis and measurement of reactive oxygen species level were performed by using flow cytometry. The cells were treated with DCM-DS and antioxidants α-tocopherol or ascorbic acid to evaluate the involvement of ROS in the cytotoxicity of DCM-DS. Effect of DCM-DS on the expression of antioxidant, apoptotic, growth, survival genes and proteins were analysed by using GeXP-based multiplex system and Western blot, respectively. The cytotoxicity of compounds isolated from DCM-DS was evaluated towards MDA-MB-231 cells using MTT assay. RESULTS DCM-DS induced apoptosis, G2/M phase cell cycle arrest and oxidative stress in MDA-MB-231 cells. The induction of apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 cells by DCM-DS is possibly due to the activation of pro-apoptotic JNK1 and down-regulation of anti-apoptotic ERK1, which in turn down-regulates anti-apoptotic BCL-2 to increase the BAX/BCL-2 ratio to initiate the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. The cell cycle arrest in DCM-DS-treated MDA-MB-231 cells is possibly via p53-independent but p21-dependent pathway. A total of 3 triterpene compounds were isolated from DCM-DS. Betulinic acid appears to be the most major and most cytotoxic compound in DCM-DS. CONCLUSION The data suggest the potential application of DCM-DS in the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhi Biau Foo
- Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Latifah Saiful Yazan
- Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Yin Sim Tor
- Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Agustono Wibowo
- Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Norsharina Ismail
- Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nurdin Armania
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yoke Kqueen Cheah
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rasedee Abdullah
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Hayashi M, Silanikove N, Chang X, Ravi R, Pham V, Baia G, Paz K, Brait M, Koch WM, Sidransky D. Milk derived colloid as a novel drug delivery carrier for breast cancer. Cancer Biol Ther 2016; 16:1184-93. [PMID: 26046946 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2015.1056416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer has an extremely poor prognosis when chemotherapy is no longer effective. To overcome drug resistance, novel drug delivery systems based on nanoparticles have had remarkable success. We produced a novel nanoparticle component 'MDC' from milk-derived colloid. In order to evaluate the anti-cancer effect of MDC, we conducted in vitro and in vivo experiments on cancer cell lines and a primary tumor derived breast xenograft. Doxorubicin (Dox) conjugated to MDC (MDC-Dox) showed higher cancer cell growth inhibition than MDC alone especially in cell lines with high EGFR expression. In a mouse melanoma model, MDC-Dox significantly suppressed tumor growth when compared with free Dox. Moreover, in a primary tumor derived breast xenograft, one of the mice treated with MDC-Dox showed partial regression, while mice treated with free Dox failed to show any suppression of tumor growth. We have shown that a novel nanoparticle compound made of simple milk-derived colloid has the capability for drug conjugation, and serves as a tumor-specific carrier of anti-cancer drugs. Further research on its safety and ability to carry various anti-cancer drugs into multiple drug-resistant primary breast models is warranted.
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Key Words
- Dox, doxorubicin
- Doxil
- EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor
- EPR, enhanced permeability and retention
- FITC, Fluorescein isothiocyanate
- MDC, milk-derived colloid
- MDC-Dox, Dox conjugated to MDC
- MDR, multi-drug resistance
- MDSC, myeloid-derived suppressor cells
- NBC, triple-negative breast cancer
- Pgp, P-glycoprotein, PL-Dox, pegylated lipopsomal doxorubicine
- T PLD, pegylated liposomal doxorubicine
- breast cancer
- doxorubicin
- milk
- nanoparticle
- xenograft
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Affiliation(s)
- Masamichi Hayashi
- a Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery ; Johns Hopkins School of Medicine ; Baltimore , MD USA
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Li K, Ying M, Feng D, Chen Y, Wang J, Wang Y. SMC1 promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition in triple-negative breast cancer through upregulating Brachyury. Oncol Rep 2016; 35:2405-12. [PMID: 26781859 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.4564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a special subtype of breast cancer, which is characterized by the negative form of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and human epithelial growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). TNBC accounts for ~15% of all breast cancer forms, and often leads to high mortality and poor prognosis. Structural maintenance of chromosome 1 (SMC1) is a subunit of the cohesion protein complex. Brachyury is a protein that is encoded by the T gene in humans, which is a transcription factor within the T-box complex of genes. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a ubiquitous process in the body, and in particular, induces metastasis and the proliferation of cancer cells. In the present study, we found that SMC1 expression in TNBC tissues exceeded its expression in adjacent non-tumor tissues. Similarly, the expression of SMC1 in TNBC cell lines (hs578T and HCC1937) was found to be higher than in MCF10a and MCF7 cells. Subsequently, SMC1 was overexpressed and silenced in hs578T and HCC1937 cells through plasmid and siRNA transfection, respectively. The results showed that the high expression of SMC1 often promoted EMT, accompanied by the enhanced expression of Brachyury. Besides, upregulated expression of Brachyury through plasmid transfection also significantly improved the level of EMT, which further indicated that SMC1 increased EMT in TNBC through the induction of Brachyury expression. Taken together, these results contributed to a better understanding of the pathogenesis of TNBC, which also provided an experimental basis for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaichun Li
- Department of Oncology, Changhai Hospital Affiliated to The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Mingzhen Ying
- Department of Oncology, Changhai Hospital Affiliated to The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Dan Feng
- Department of Oncology, Changhai Hospital Affiliated to The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Pathology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Jingwen Wang
- Department of Oncology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Yajie Wang
- Department of Oncology, Changhai Hospital Affiliated to The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
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Yun J, Song SH, Kang JY, Park J, Kim HP, Han SW, Kim TY. Reduced cohesin destabilizes high-level gene amplification by disrupting pre-replication complex bindings in human cancers with chromosomal instability. Nucleic Acids Res 2015; 44:558-72. [PMID: 26420833 PMCID: PMC4737181 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkv933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene amplification is a hallmark of cancer with chromosomal instability although the underlying mechanism by which altered copy numbers are maintained is largely unclear. Cohesin, involved in sister chromatid cohesion, DNA repair, cell cycle progression and transcriptional regulation of key developmental genes, is frequently overexpressed in human cancer. Here we show that cohesin-dependent change in DNA replication controls the copy numbers of amplified genes in cancer cells with chromosomal instability. We found that the down-regulation of elevated cohesin leads to copy number-associated gene expression changes without disturbing chromosomal segregation. Highly amplified genes form typical long-range chromatin interactions, which are stabilized by enriched cohesin. The spatial proximities among cohesin binding sites within amplified genes are decreased by RAD21-knockdown, resulting in the rapid decline of amplified gene expression. After several passages, cohesin depletion inhibits DNA replication initiation by reducing the recruitment of pre-replication complexes such as minichromosome maintenance subunits 7 (MCM7), DNA polymerase α, and CDC45 at replication origins near the amplified regions, and as a result, decreases the DNA copy numbers of highly amplified genes. Collectively, our data demonstrate that cohesin-mediated chromatin organization and DNA replication are important for stabilizing gene amplification in cancer cells with chromosomal instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyeon Yun
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-799, Republic of Korea Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-799, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hyun Song
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-799, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee-Youn Kang
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-799, Republic of Korea Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-799, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinah Park
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-799, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwang-Phill Kim
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-799, Republic of Korea Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-799, Republic of Korea
| | - Sae-Won Han
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-799, Republic of Korea Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 110-744, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-You Kim
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-799, Republic of Korea Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-799, Republic of Korea Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 110-744, Republic of Korea
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Foo JB, Yazan LS, Tor YS, Armania N, Ismail N, Imam MU, Yeap SK, Cheah YK, Abdullah R, Ismail M. Induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in caspase-3 deficient MCF-7 cells by Dillenia suffruticosa root extract via multiple signalling pathways. BMC Complement Altern Med 2014; 14:197. [PMID: 24947113 PMCID: PMC4096536 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dillenia suffruticosa root dichloromethane extract (DCM-DS) has been reported to exhibit strong cytotoxicity towards breast cancer cells. The present study was designed to investigate the cell cycle profile, mode of cell death and signalling pathways of DCM-DS-treated human caspase-3 deficient MCF-7 breast cancer cells. METHODS Dillenia suffruticosa root was extracted by sequential solvent extraction. The anti-proliferative activity of DCM-DS was determined by using MTT assay. The mode of cell death was evaluated by using inverted light microscope and Annexin-V/PI-flow cytometry analysis. Cell cycle analysis and measurement of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were performed by using flow cytometry. MCF-7 cells were co-treated with antioxidants α-tocopherol and ascorbic acid to evaluate whether the cell death was mainly due to oxidative stress. GeXP-based multiplex system was employed to investigate the expression of apoptotic, growth and survival genes in MCF-7 cells. Western blot analysis was performed to confirm the expression of the genes. RESULTS DCM-DS was cytotoxic to the MCF-7 cells in a time-and dose-dependent manner. The IC50 values of DCM-DS at 24, 48 and 72 hours were 20.3 ± 2.8, 17.8 ± 1.5 and 15.5 ± 0.5 μg/mL, respectively. Cell cycle analysis revealed that DCM-DS induced G0/G1 and G2/M phase cell cycle arrest in MCF-7 cells at low concentration (12.5 and 25 μg/mL) and high concentration (50 μg/mL), respectively. Although Annexin-V/PI-flow cytometry analysis has confirmed that DCM-DS induced apoptosis in MCF-7 cells, the distinct characteristics of apoptosis such as membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, nuclear fragmentation and formation of apoptotic bodies were not observed under microscope. DCM-DS induced formation of ROS in MCF-7 cells. Nevertheless, co-treatment with antioxidants did not attenuate the cell death at low concentration of DCM-DS. The pro-apoptotic gene JNK was up-regulated whereby anti-apoptotic genes AKT1 and ERK1/2 were down-regulated in a dose-dependent manner. Western blot analysis has confirmed that DCM-DS significantly up-regulated the expression of pro-apoptotic JNK1, pJNK and down-regulated anti-apoptotic AKT1, ERK1 in MCF-7 cells. CONCLUSION DCM-DS induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in MCF-7 cells via multiple signalling pathways. It shows the potential of DCM-DS to be developed to target the cancer cells with mutant caspase-3.
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Bailey ML, O'Neil NJ, van Pel DM, Solomon DA, Waldman T, Hieter P. Glioblastoma cells containing mutations in the cohesin component STAG2 are sensitive to PARP inhibition. Mol Cancer Ther 2014; 13:724-32. [PMID: 24356817 PMCID: PMC4130349 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-13-0749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Recent data have identified STAG2, a core subunit of the multifunctional cohesin complex, as a highly recurrently mutated gene in several types of cancer. We sought to identify a therapeutic strategy to selectively target cancer cells harboring inactivating mutations of STAG2 using two independent pairs of isogenic glioblastoma cell lines containing either an endogenous mutant STAG2 allele or a wild-type STAG2 allele restored by homologous recombination. We find that mutations in STAG2 are associated with significantly increased sensitivity to inhibitors of the DNA repair enzyme PARP. STAG2-mutated, PARP-inhibited cells accumulated in G2 phase and had a higher percentage of micronuclei, fragmented nuclei, and chromatin bridges compared with wild-type STAG2 cells. We also observed more 53BP1 foci in STAG2-mutated glioblastoma cells, suggesting that these cells have defects in DNA repair. Furthermore, cells with mutations in STAG2 were more sensitive than cells with wild-type STAG2 when PARP inhibitors were used in combination with DNA-damaging agents. These data suggest that PARP is a potential target for tumors harboring inactivating mutations in STAG2, and strongly recommend that STAG2 status be determined and correlated with therapeutic response to PARP inhibitors, both prospectively and retrospectively, in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie L Bailey
- Corresponding Author: Philip Hieter, Michael Smith Laboratories, 2185 East Mall, Room 323, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T1Z4.
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