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Hao Q, Kundu S, Shetty S, Tang H. Runx3 Regulates CD8 + T Cell Local Expansion and CD43 Glycosylation in Mice by H1N1 Influenza A Virus Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4220. [PMID: 38673806 PMCID: PMC11050410 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
We have recently reported that transcription factor Runx3 is required for pulmonary generation of CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) that play a crucial role in the clearance of influenza A virus (IAV). To understand the underlying mechanisms, we determined the effects of Runx3 knockout (KO) on CD8+ T cell local expansion and phenotypes using an inducible general Runx3 KO mouse model. We found that in contrast to the lungs, Runx3 general KO promoted enlargement of lung-draining mediastinal lymph node (mLN) and enhanced CD8+ and CD4+ T cell expansion during H1N1 IAV infection. We further found that Runx3 deficiency greatly inhibited core 2 O-glycosylation of selectin ligand CD43 on activated CD8+ T cells but minimally affected the cell surface expression of CD43, activation markers (CD44 and CD69) and cell adhesion molecules (CD11a and CD54). Runx3 KO had a minor effect on lung effector CD8+ T cell death by IAV infection. Our findings indicate that Runx3 differently regulates CD8+ T cell expansion in mLNs and lungs by H1N1 IAV infection. Runx3 is required for CD43 core 2 O-glycosylation on activated CD8+ T cells, and the involved Runx3 signal pathway may mediate CD8+ T cell phenotype for pulmonary generation of CTLs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hua Tang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX 75708, USA; (Q.H.); (S.K.); (S.S.)
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2
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Backer RA, Probst HC, Clausen BE. Classical DC2 subsets and monocyte-derived DC: Delineating the developmental and functional relationship. Eur J Immunol 2023; 53:e2149548. [PMID: 36642930 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202149548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
To specifically tailor immune responses to a given pathogenic threat, dendritic cells (DC) are highly heterogeneous and comprise many specialized subtypes, including conventional DC (cDC) and monocyte-derived DC (MoDC), each with distinct developmental and functional characteristics. However, the functional relationship between cDC and MoDC is not fully understood, as the overlapping phenotypes of certain type 2 cDC (cDC2) subsets and MoDC do not allow satisfactory distinction of these cells in the tissue, particularly during inflammation. However, precise cDC2 and MoDC classification is required for studies addressing how these diverse cell types control immune responses and is therefore currently one of the major interests in the field of cDC research. This review will revise murine cDC2 and MoDC biology in the steady state and under inflammatory conditions and discusses the commonalities and differences between ESAMlo cDC2, inflammatory cDC2, and MoDC and their relative contribution to the initiation, propagation, and regulation of immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald A Backer
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Paul Klein Center for Immune Intervention, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Hans Christian Probst
- Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Institute for Immunology, Paul Klein Center for Immune Intervention, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Björn E Clausen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Paul Klein Center for Immune Intervention, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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3
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Cyran L, Serfling J, Kirschner L, Raifer H, Lohoff M, Hermanns HM, Kerstan A, Bodem J, Lutz MB. Flt3L, LIF, and IL-10 combination promotes the selective in vitro development of ESAM low cDC2B from murine bone marrow. Eur J Immunol 2022; 52:1946-1960. [PMID: 35357005 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202149663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The development of two conventional dendritic cells (DC) subsets (cDC1 and cDC2) and the plasmacytoid DC (pDC) in vivo and in cultures of bone marrow (BM) cells is mediated by the growth factor Flt3L. However, little is known about the factors that direct the development of the individual DC subsets. Here, we describe the selective in vitro generation of murine ESAMlow CD103- XCR1- CD172a+ CD11b+ cDC2 from BM by treatment with a combination of Flt3L, LIF, and IL-10 (collectively named as FL10). FL10 promotes common dendritic cell progenitors (CDP) proliferation in the cultures, similar to Flt3L and CDP sorted and cultured in FL10 generate exclusively cDC2. These cDC2 express the transcription factors Irf4, Klf4, and Notch2, and their growth is reduced using BM from Irf4-/- mice, but the expression of Batf3 and Tcf4 is low. Functionally they respond to TLR3, TLR4, and TLR9 signals by upregulation of the surface maturation markers MHC II, CD80, CD86, and CD40, while they poorly secrete proinflammatory cytokines. Peptide presentation to TCR transgenic OT-II cells induced proliferation and IFN-γ production that was similar to GM-CSF-generated BM-DC and higher than Flt3L-generated DC. Together, our data support that FL10 culture of BM cells selectively promotes CDP-derived ESAMlow cDC2 (cDC2B) development and survival in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Cyran
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Julia Serfling
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Luisa Kirschner
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Hartmann Raifer
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Michael Lohoff
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Heike M Hermanns
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Hepatology Research Laboratory, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Kerstan
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jochen Bodem
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Manfred B Lutz
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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4
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Nagaharu K, Kojima Y, Hirose H, Minoura K, Hinohara K, Minami H, Kageyama Y, Sugimoto Y, Masuya M, Nii S, Seki M, Suzuki Y, Tawara I, Shimamura T, Katayama N, Nishikawa H, Ohishi K. A bifurcation concept for B-lymphoid/plasmacytoid dendritic cells with largely fluctuating transcriptome dynamics. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111260. [PMID: 36044861 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoiesis was considered a hierarchical stepwise process but was revised to a continuous process following single-cell RNA sequencing. However, the uncertainty or fluctuation of single-cell transcriptome dynamics during differentiation was not considered, and the dendritic cell (DC) pathway in the lymphoid context remains unclear. Here, we identify human B-plasmacytoid DC (pDC) bifurcation as large fluctuating transcriptome dynamics in the putative B/NK progenitor region by dry and wet methods. By converting splicing kinetics into diffusion dynamics in a deep generative model, our original computational methodology reveals strong fluctuation at B/pDC bifurcation in IL-7Rα+ regions, and LFA-1 fluctuates positively in the pDC direction at the bifurcation. These expectancies are validated by the presence of B/pDC progenitors in the IL-7Rα+ fraction and preferential expression of LFA-1 in pDC-biased progenitors with a niche-like culture system. We provide a model of fluctuation-based differentiation, which reconciles continuous and discrete models and is applicable to other developmental systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiki Nagaharu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514-8507, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kojima
- Division of Systems Biology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Haruka Hirose
- Division of Systems Biology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Kodai Minoura
- Division of Systems Biology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Kunihiko Hinohara
- Department of Immunology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hirohito Minami
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514-8507, Japan
| | - Yuki Kageyama
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514-8507, Japan
| | - Yuka Sugimoto
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514-8507, Japan
| | - Masahiro Masuya
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514-8507, Japan
| | - Shigeru Nii
- Shiroko Women's Hospital, Suzuka 510-0235, Japan
| | - Masahide Seki
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8561, Japan
| | - Yutaka Suzuki
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8561, Japan
| | - Isao Tawara
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514-8507, Japan
| | - Teppei Shimamura
- Division of Systems Biology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Katayama
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514-8507, Japan
| | - Hiroyoshi Nishikawa
- Department of Immunology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan; Division of Cancer Immunology, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan; Division of Cancer Immunology, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center (EPOC), National Cancer Center, Chiba 277-8577, Japan.
| | - Kohshi Ohishi
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Cell Therapy, Mie University Hospital, Tsu 514-8507, Japan.
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Lança T, Ungerbäck J, Da Silva C, Joeris T, Ahmadi F, Vandamme J, Svensson-Frej M, Mowat AM, Kotarsky K, Sigvardsson M, Agace WW. IRF8 deficiency induces the transcriptional, functional, and epigenetic reprogramming of cDC1 into the cDC2 lineage. Immunity 2022; 55:1431-1447.e11. [PMID: 35830859 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2022.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) consist of two major functionally and phenotypically distinct subsets, cDC1 and cDC2, whose development is dependent on distinct sets of transcription factors. Interferon regulatory factor 8 (IRF8) is required at multiple stages of cDC1 development, but its role in committed cDC1 remains unclear. Here, we used Xcre-cre to delete Irf8 in committed cDC1 and demonstrate that Irf8 is required for maintaining the identity of cDC1. In the absence of Irf8, committed cDC1 acquired the transcriptional, functional, and chromatin accessibility properties of cDC2. This conversion was independent of Irf4 and was associated with the decreased accessibility of putative IRF8, Batf3, and composite AP-1-IRF (AICE)-binding elements, together with increased accessibility of cDC2-associated transcription-factor-binding elements. Thus, IRF8 expression by committed cDC1 is required for preventing their conversion into cDC2-like cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Telma Lança
- Mucosal Immunology group, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jonas Ungerbäck
- Division of Molecular Hematology, Lund University, 22184 Lund, Sweden
| | - Clément Da Silva
- Immunology Section, Department of Experimental Medicine, Lund University, BMC D14, 221-84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Thorsten Joeris
- Immunology Section, Department of Experimental Medicine, Lund University, BMC D14, 221-84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Fatemeh Ahmadi
- Immunology Section, Department of Experimental Medicine, Lund University, BMC D14, 221-84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Julien Vandamme
- Mucosal Immunology group, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Marcus Svensson-Frej
- Mucosal Immunology group, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Allan McI Mowat
- Centre for Immunobiology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medicine, Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Knut Kotarsky
- Immunology Section, Department of Experimental Medicine, Lund University, BMC D14, 221-84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Mikael Sigvardsson
- Division of Molecular Hematology, Lund University, 22184 Lund, Sweden; Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, 581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - William W Agace
- Mucosal Immunology group, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark; Immunology Section, Department of Experimental Medicine, Lund University, BMC D14, 221-84 Lund, Sweden.
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6
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Menezes AC, Jones R, Shrestha A, Nicholson R, Leckenby A, Azevedo A, Davies S, Baker S, Gilkes AF, Darley RL, Tonks A. Increased expression of RUNX3 inhibits normal human myeloid development. Leukemia 2022; 36:1769-1780. [PMID: 35490198 PMCID: PMC9252899 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-022-01577-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
RUNX3 is a transcription factor dysregulated in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, its role in normal myeloid development and leukemia is poorly understood. Here we investigate RUNX3 expression in both settings and the impact of its dysregulation on myelopoiesis. We found that RUNX3 mRNA expression was stable during hematopoiesis but decreased with granulocytic differentiation. In AML, RUNX3 mRNA was overexpressed in many disease subtypes, but downregulated in AML with core binding factor abnormalities, such as RUNX1::ETO. Overexpression of RUNX3 in human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC) inhibited myeloid differentiation, particularly of the granulocytic lineage. Proliferation and myeloid colony formation were also inhibited. Conversely, RUNX3 knockdown did not impact the myeloid growth and development of human HSPC. Overexpression of RUNX3 in the context of RUNX1::ETO did not rescue the RUNX1::ETO-mediated block in differentiation. RNA-sequencing showed that RUNX3 overexpression downregulates key developmental genes, such as KIT and RUNX1, while upregulating lymphoid genes, such as KLRB1 and TBX21. Overall, these data show that increased RUNX3 expression observed in AML could contribute to the developmental arrest characteristic of this disease, possibly by driving a competing transcriptional program favoring a lymphoid fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Catarina Menezes
- Department of Haematology, Division of Cancer & Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Rachel Jones
- Department of Haematology, Division of Cancer & Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Alina Shrestha
- Department of Haematology, Division of Cancer & Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Rachael Nicholson
- Department of Haematology, Division of Cancer & Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Adam Leckenby
- Department of Haematology, Division of Cancer & Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Aleksandra Azevedo
- Department of Haematology, Division of Cancer & Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Sara Davies
- Department of Haematology, Division of Cancer & Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Sarah Baker
- Department of Haematology, Division of Cancer & Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
- Cardiff Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre (ECMC), School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Amanda F Gilkes
- Department of Haematology, Division of Cancer & Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
- Cardiff Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre (ECMC), School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Richard L Darley
- Department of Haematology, Division of Cancer & Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Alex Tonks
- Department of Haematology, Division of Cancer & Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK.
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7
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Luo X, Lu W, Zhao J, Hu J, Chen E, Fu S, Fu Q. Identification of the TF-miRNA-mRNA co-regulatory networks involved in sepsis. Funct Integr Genomics 2022; 22:481-489. [PMID: 35322335 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-022-00843-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis is a life-threatening medical condition caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. Recent studies have found that the expression of miRNAs is associated with the pathogenesis of sepsis and septic shock. Our study aimed to reveal which miRNAs may be involved in the dysregulated immune response in sepsis and how these miRNAs interact with transcription factors (TFs) using a computational approach with in vitro validation studies. To determine the network of TFs, miRNAs, and target genes involved in sepsis, GEO datasets GSE94717 and GSE131761 were used to identify differentially expressed miRNAs and DEGs. TargetScan and miRWalk databases were used to predict biological targets that overlap with the identified DEGs of differentially expressed miRNAs. The TransmiR database was used to predict the differential miRNA TFs that overlap with the identified DEGs. The TF-miRNA-mRNA network was constructed and visualized. Finally, qRT-PCR was used to verify the expression of TFs and miRNA in HUVECs. Between the healthy and sepsis groups, there were 146 upregulated and 98 downregulated DEGs in the GSE131761 dataset, and there were 1 upregulated and 183 downregulated DEMs in the GSE94717 dataset. A regulatory network of the TF-miRna target genes was established. According to the experimental results, RUNX3 was found to be downregulated while MAPK14 was upregulated, which corroborates the result of the computational expression analysis. In a HUVECs model, miR-19b-1-5p and miR-5009-5p were found to be significantly downregulated. Other TFs and miRNAs did not correlate with our bioinformatics expression analysis. We constructed a TF-miRNA-target gene regulatory network and identified potential treatment targets RUNX3, MAPK14, miR-19b-1-5p, and miR-5009-5p. This information provides an initial basis for understanding the complex sepsis regulatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Luo
- The Department of SICU, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jiefang street 88th, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Weina Lu
- The Department of SICU, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jiefang street 88th, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jianfeng Zhao
- The Department of SICU, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Qingchun street 79th, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jun Hu
- The Department of SICU, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jiefang street 88th, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Enjiang Chen
- The Department of SICU, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jiefang street 88th, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Shi Fu
- The Department of SICU, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Qingchun street 79th, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Qinghui Fu
- The Department of SICU, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Qingchun street 79th, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang Province, China.
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Diener N, Fontaine JF, Klein M, Hieronymus T, Wanke F, Kurschus FC, Ludwig A, Ware C, Saftig P, Bopp T, Clausen BE, Backer RA. Posttranslational modifications by ADAM10 shape myeloid antigen-presenting cell homeostasis in the splenic marginal zone. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2111234118. [PMID: 34526403 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2111234118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The spleen contains phenotypically and functionally distinct conventional dendritic cell (cDC) subpopulations, termed cDC1 and cDC2, which each can be divided into several smaller and less well-characterized subsets. Despite advances in understanding the complexity of cDC ontogeny by transcriptional programming, the significance of posttranslational modifications in controlling tissue-specific cDC subset immunobiology remains elusive. Here, we identified the cell-surface-expressed A-disintegrin-and-metalloproteinase 10 (ADAM10) as an essential regulator of cDC1 and cDC2 homeostasis in the splenic marginal zone (MZ). Mice with a CD11c-specific deletion of ADAM10 (ADAM10ΔCD11c) exhibited a complete loss of splenic ESAMhi cDC2A because ADAM10 regulated the commitment, differentiation, and survival of these cells. The major pathways controlled by ADAM10 in ESAMhi cDC2A are Notch, signaling pathways involved in cell proliferation and survival (e.g., mTOR, PI3K/AKT, and EIF2 signaling), and EBI2-mediated localization within the MZ. In addition, we discovered that ADAM10 is a molecular switch regulating cDC2 subset heterogeneity in the spleen, as the disappearance of ESAMhi cDC2A in ADAM10ΔCD11c mice was compensated for by the emergence of a Clec12a+ cDC2B subset closely resembling cDC2 generally found in peripheral lymph nodes. Moreover, in ADAM10ΔCD11c mice, terminal differentiation of cDC1 was abrogated, resulting in severely reduced splenic Langerin+ cDC1 numbers. Next to the disturbed splenic cDC compartment, ADAM10 deficiency on CD11c+ cells led to an increase in marginal metallophilic macrophage (MMM) numbers. In conclusion, our data identify ADAM10 as a molecular hub on both cDC and MMM regulating their transcriptional programming, turnover, homeostasis, and ability to shape the anatomical niche of the MZ.
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Fabian BT, Lepenies B, Schares G, Dubey JP, Spano F, Seeber F. Expanding the Known Repertoire of C-Type Lectin Receptors Binding to Toxoplasma gondii Oocysts Using a Modified High-Resolution Immunofluorescence Assay. mSphere 2021; 6:e01341-20. [PMID: 33789945 DOI: 10.1128/mSphere.01341-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The environmental stage of the apicomplexan Toxoplasma gondii oocyst is vital to its life cycle but largely understudied. Because oocysts are excreted only by infected felids, their availability for research is limited. We report the adaptation of an agarose-based method to immobilize minute amounts of oocysts to perform immunofluorescence assays. Agarose embedding allows high-resolution confocal microscopy imaging of antibodies binding to the oocyst surface as well as unprecedented imaging of intracellular sporocyst structures with Maclura pomifera agglutinin after on-slide permeabilization of the immobilized oocysts. To identify new possible molecules binding to the oocyst surface, we used this method to screen a library of C-type lectin receptor (CLR)-human IgG constant region fusion proteins from the group of related CLRs called the Dectin-1 cluster against oocysts. In addition to CLEC7A that was previously reported to decorate T. gondii oocysts, we present experimental evidence for specific binding of three additional CLRs to the surface of this stage. We discuss how these CLRs, known to be expressed on neutrophils, dendritic cells, or macrophages, could be involved in the early immune response by the host, such as oocyst antigen uptake in the intestine. In conclusion, we present a modified immunofluorescence assay technique that allows material-saving immunofluorescence microscopy with T. gondii oocysts in a higher resolution than previously published, which allowed us to describe three additional CLRs binding specifically to the oocyst surface. IMPORTANCE Knowledge of oocyst biology of Toxoplasma gondii is limited, not the least due to its limited availability. We describe a method that permits us to process minute amounts of oocysts for immunofluorescence microscopy without compromising their structural properties. This method allowed us to visualize internal structures of sporocysts by confocal microscopy in unprecedented quality. Moreover, the method can be used as a low- to medium-throughput method to screen for molecules interacting with oocysts, such as antibodies, or compounds causing structural damage to oocysts (i.e., disinfectants). Using this method, we screened a small library of C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) present on certain immune cells and found three CLRs able to decorate the oocyst wall of T. gondii and which were not known before to bind to oocysts. These tools will allow further study into oocyst wall composition and could also provoke experiments regarding immunological recognition of oocysts.
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Dybska E, Adams AT, Duclaux-Loras R, Walkowiak J, Nowak JK. Waiting in the wings: RUNX3 reveals hidden depths of immune regulation with potential implications for inflammatory bowel disease. Scand J Immunol 2021; 93:e13025. [PMID: 33528856 DOI: 10.1111/sji.13025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Complex interactions between the environment and the mucosal immune system underlie inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The involved cytokine signalling pathways are modulated by a number of transcription factors, one of which is runt-related transcription factor 3 (RUNX3). OBJECTIVE To systematically review the immune roles of RUNX3 in immune regulation, with a focus on the context of IBD. METHODS Relevant articles and reviews were identified through a Scopus search in April 2020. Information was categorized by immune cell types, analysed and synthesized. IBD transcriptome data sets and FANTOM5 regulatory networks were processed in order to complement the literature review. RESULTS The available evidence on the immune roles of RUNX3 allowed for its description in twelve cell types: intraepithelial lymphocyte, Th1, Th2, Th17, Treg, double-positive T, cytotoxic T, B, dendritic, innate lymphoid, natural killer and macrophages. In the gut, the activity of RUNX3 is multifaceted and context-dependent: it may promote homeostasis or exacerbated reactions via cytokine signalling and regulation of receptor expression. RUNX3 is mostly engaged in pathways involving ThPOK, T-bet, IFN-γ, TGF-β/IL-2Rβ, GATA/CBF-β, SMAD/p300 and a number of miRNAs. RUNX3 targets relevant to IBD may include RAG1, OSM and IL-17B. Moreover, in IBD RUNX3 expression correlates positively with GZMM, and negatively with IFNAR1, whereas in controls, it strongly associates with TGFBR3. CONCLUSIONS Dysregulation of RUNX3, mostly in the form of deficiency, likely contributes to IBD pathogenesis. More clinical research is needed to examine RUNX3 in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Dybska
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Metabolic Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Alex T Adams
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Experimental Medicine Division, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Rémi Duclaux-Loras
- INSERM U1111, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Jarosław Walkowiak
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Metabolic Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Jan K Nowak
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Metabolic Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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11
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Papaioannou NE, Salei N, Rambichler S, Ravi K, Popovic J, Küntzel V, Lehmann CHK, Fiancette R, Salvermoser J, Gajdasik DW, Mettler R, Messerer D, Carrelha J, Ohnmacht C, Haller D, Stumm R, Straub T, Jacobsen SEW, Schulz C, Withers DR, Schotta G, Dudziak D, Schraml BU. Environmental signals rather than layered ontogeny imprint the function of type 2 conventional dendritic cells in young and adult mice. Nat Commun 2021; 12:464. [PMID: 33469015 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20659-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Conventional dendritic cells (cDC) are key activators of naive T cells, and can be targeted in adults to induce adaptive immunity, but in early life are considered under-developed or functionally immature. Here we show that, in early life, when the immune system develops, cDC2 exhibit a dual hematopoietic origin and, like other myeloid and lymphoid cells, develop in waves. Developmentally distinct cDC2 in early life, despite being distinguishable by fate mapping, are transcriptionally and functionally similar. cDC2 in early and adult life, however, are exposed to distinct cytokine environments that shape their transcriptional profile and alter their ability to sense pathogens, secrete cytokines and polarize T cells. We further show that cDC2 in early life, despite being distinct from cDC2 in adult life, are functionally competent and can induce T cell responses. Our results thus highlight the potential of harnessing cDC2 for boosting immunity in early life.
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12
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Akhtar MN, Mishra M, Yadav V, Yadav M, Gujar R, Lal S, Kumar R, Khatri N, Sen P. Runx proteins mediate protective immunity against Leishmania donovani infection by promoting CD40 expression on dendritic cells. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1009136. [PMID: 33370418 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The level of CD40 expression on dendritic cells (DCs) plays a decisive role in disease protection during Leishmania donovani (LD) infection. However, current understanding of the molecular regulation of CD40 expression remains elusive. Using molecular, cellular and functional approaches, we identified a role for Runx1 and Runx3 transcription factors in the regulation of CD40 expression in DCs. In response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) or antileishmanial drug sodium antimony gluconate (SAG), both Runx1 and Runx3 translocated to the nucleus, bound to the CD40 promoter and upregulated CD40 expression on DCs. These activities of Runx proteins were mediated by the upstream phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt pathway. Notably, LD infection attenuated LPS- or TNFα-induced CD40 expression in DCs by inhibiting PI3K-Akt-Runx axis via protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1. In contrast, CD40 expression induced by SAG was unaffected by LD infection, as SAG by blocking LD-induced SHP-1 activation potentiated PI3K-Akt signaling to drive Runx-mediated CD40 upregulation. Adoptive transfer experiments further showed that Runx1 and Runx3 play a pivotal role in eliciting antileishmanial immune response of SAG-treated DCs in vivo by promoting CD40-mediated type-1 T cell responses. Importantly, antimony-resistant LD suppressed SAG-induced CD40 upregulation on DCs by blocking the PI3K-Akt-Runx pathway through sustained SHP-1 activation. These findings unveil an immunoregulatory role for Runx proteins during LD infection.
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13
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Hantisteanu S, Dicken Y, Negreanu V, Goldenberg D, Brenner O, Leshkowitz D, Lotem J, Levanon D, Groner Y. Runx3 prevents spontaneous colitis by directing the differentiation of anti-inflammatory mononuclear phagocytes. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0233044. [PMID: 32453801 PMCID: PMC7250423 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mice deficient in the transcription factor Runx3 develop a multitude of immune system defects, including early onset colitis. This paper demonstrates that Runx3 is expressed in colonic mononuclear phagocytes (MNP), including resident macrophages (RM) and dendritic cell subsets (cDC2). Runx3 deletion in MNP causes early onset colitis due to their impaired maturation. Mechanistically, the resulting MNP subset imbalance leads to up-regulation of pro-inflammatory genes as occurs in IL10R-deficient RM. In addition, RM and cDC2 display a marked decrease in expression of anti-inflammatory/TGF β-regulated genes and β-catenin signaling associated genes, respectively. MNP transcriptome and ChIP-seq data analysis suggest that a significant fraction of genes affected by Runx3 loss are direct Runx3 targets. Collectively, Runx3 imposes intestinal immune tolerance by regulating maturation of colonic anti-inflammatory MNP, befitting the identification of RUNX3 as a genome-wide associated risk gene for various immune-related diseases in humans, including gastrointestinal tract diseases such as Crohn’s disease and celiac.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shay Hantisteanu
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yosef Dicken
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Varda Negreanu
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Dalia Goldenberg
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ori Brenner
- Veterinary Resources, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Dena Leshkowitz
- Bioinformatics Unit, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Joseph Lotem
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ditsa Levanon
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yoram Groner
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- * E-mail:
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14
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Bosteels C, Scott CL. Transcriptional regulation of DC fate specification. Mol Immunol 2020; 121:38-46. [PMID: 32151907 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2020.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells function in the immune system to instruct adaptive immune cells to respond accordingly to different threats. While conventional dendritic cells can be subdivided into two main subtypes, termed cDC1s and cDC2s, it is clear that further heterogeneity exists within these subtypes, particularly for cDC2s. Understanding the signals involved in specifying each of these lineages and subtypes thereof is crucial to (i) enable us to determine their specific functions and (ii) put us in a position to be able to target these cells to promote or prevent a specific function in any given disease setting. Although we still have much to learn regarding the specification of these cells, here we review the most recent advances in our understanding of this and highlight some of the next questions for the future.
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15
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Abstract
RUNX transcription factors orchestrate many different aspects of biology, including basic cellular and developmental processes, stem cell biology and tumorigenesis. In this Primer, we introduce the molecular hallmarks of the three mammalian RUNX genes, RUNX1, RUNX2 and RUNX3, and discuss the regulation of their activities and their mechanisms of action. We then review their crucial roles in the specification and maintenance of a wide array of tissues during embryonic development and adult homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renaud Mevel
- Cancer Research UK Stem Cell Biology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Alderley Park, Alderley Edge, Macclesfield SK10 4TG, UK
| | - Julia E Draper
- Cancer Research UK Stem Cell Biology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Alderley Park, Alderley Edge, Macclesfield SK10 4TG, UK
| | - Michael Lie-A-Ling
- Cancer Research UK Stem Cell Biology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Alderley Park, Alderley Edge, Macclesfield SK10 4TG, UK
| | - Valerie Kouskoff
- Division of Developmental Biology & Medicine, The University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Georges Lacaud
- Cancer Research UK Stem Cell Biology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Alderley Park, Alderley Edge, Macclesfield SK10 4TG, UK
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16
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Backer RA, Diener N, Clausen BE. Langerin +CD8 + Dendritic Cells in the Splenic Marginal Zone: Not So Marginal After All. Front Immunol 2019; 10:741. [PMID: 31031751 PMCID: PMC6474365 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DC) fulfill an essential sentinel function within the immune system, acting at the interface of innate and adaptive immunity. The DC family, both in mouse and man, shows high functional heterogeneity in order to orchestrate immune responses toward the immense variety of pathogens and other immunological threats. In this review, we focus on the Langerin+CD8+ DC subpopulation in the spleen. Langerin+CD8+ DC exhibit a high ability to take up apoptotic/dying cells, and therefore they are essential to prime and shape CD8+ T cell responses. Next to the induction of immunity toward blood-borne pathogens, i.e., viruses, these DC are important for the regulation of tolerance toward cell-associated self-antigens. The ontogeny and differentiation pathways of CD8+CD103+ DC should be further explored to better understand the immunological role of these cells as a prerequisite of their therapeutic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald A Backer
- Paul Klein Center for Immune Intervention, Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Nathalie Diener
- Paul Klein Center for Immune Intervention, Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Björn E Clausen
- Paul Klein Center for Immune Intervention, Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
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17
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Su W, Du L, Liu S, Deng J, Cao Q, Yuan G, Kijlstra A, Yang P. ERAP1/ERAP2 and RUNX3 polymorphisms are not associated with ankylosing spondylitis susceptibility in Chinese Han. Clin Exp Immunol 2018; 193:95-102. [PMID: 29480940 PMCID: PMC6038008 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies show that endoplasmic reticulum‐associated aminopeptidase (ERAP1/ERAP2) and runt‐related transcription factor 3 (RUNX3) gene polymorphisms are associated with AS (ankylosing spondylitis) in European Caucasians. However, contradictory results were reported in different Asian populations. The purpose of this study was to determine whether eleven candidate single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in ERAP1/ERAP2 and six in RUNX3 genes confer susceptibility to AS with or without acute anterior uveitis (AAU) [AS+AAU+ or AS+AAU–] in Chinese Han. Therefore, a case–control association study was performed in 882 AS+AAU–, 884 AS+AAU+ and 1727 healthy controls. Genotyping was performed using the iPLEXGold genotyping assay. A meta‐analysis was performed to assess the association of polymorphisms of ERAP1 with AS susceptibility in Asian populations. No association was found between SNPs of ERAP1/ERAP2/RUNX3 and susceptibility of AS with or without AAU. A case–control study between patients with human leucocyte antigen HLA‐B27‐positive and healthy controls also failed to demonstrate an association of the tested SNP with AS with or without AAU. Moreover, a meta‐analysis showed that there was no association of rs30187, rs27037, rs27980, rs27434 and rs27582 in ERAP1 with AS in Chinese Han. Taken together, 17 SNPs in ERAP1/ERAP2 and RUNX3 genes did not confer disease susceptibility to AS in Chinese Han.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Su
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, China
| | - L Du
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, China
| | - S Liu
- Rheumatology Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - J Deng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, China
| | - Q Cao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, China
| | - G Yuan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, China
| | - A Kijlstra
- University Eye Clinic, Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - P Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, China
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18
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Appel E, Weissmann S, Salzberg Y, Orlovsky K, Negreanu V, Tsoory M, Raanan C, Feldmesser E, Bernstein Y, Wolstein O, Levanon D, Groner Y. An ensemble of regulatory elements controls Runx3 spatiotemporal expression in subsets of dorsal root ganglia proprioceptive neurons. Genes Dev 2017; 30:2607-2622. [PMID: 28007784 PMCID: PMC5204353 DOI: 10.1101/gad.291484.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Appel et al. defined the genomic transcription unit encompassing regulatory elements (REs) that mediate the tissue-specific expression of Runx3. Then, using transgenic mice expressing BAC reporters spanning the Runx3 locus, they discovered three REs that cross-talk with promoter-2 (P2) to drive TrkC neuron-specific Runx3 transcription. The Runx3 transcription factor is essential for development and diversification of the dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) TrkC sensory neurons. In Runx3-deficient mice, developing TrkC neurons fail to extend central and peripheral afferents, leading to cell death and disruption of the stretch reflex circuit, resulting in severe limb ataxia. Despite its central role, the mechanisms underlying the spatiotemporal expression specificities of Runx3 in TrkC neurons were largely unknown. Here we first defined the genomic transcription unit encompassing regulatory elements (REs) that mediate the tissue-specific expression of Runx3. Using transgenic mice expressing BAC reporters spanning the Runx3 locus, we discovered three REs—dubbed R1, R2, and R3—that cross-talk with promoter-2 (P2) to drive TrkC neuron-specific Runx3 transcription. Deletion of single or multiple elements either in the BAC transgenics or by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated endogenous ablation established the REs’ ability to promote and/or repress Runx3 expression in developing sensory neurons. Our analysis reveals that an intricate combinatorial interplay among the three REs governs Runx3 expression in distinct subtypes of TrkC neurons while concomitantly extinguishing its expression in non-TrkC neurons. These findings provide insights into the mechanism regulating cell type-specific expression and subtype diversification of TrkC neurons in developing DRGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Appel
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Sarit Weissmann
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Yehuda Salzberg
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel.,Department of Biomolecular Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Kira Orlovsky
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Varda Negreanu
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Michael Tsoory
- Department of Veterinary Resources, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Calanit Raanan
- Department of Veterinary Resources, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Ester Feldmesser
- Life Science Core Facilities, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Yael Bernstein
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Orit Wolstein
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Ditsa Levanon
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Yoram Groner
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
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19
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Lotem J, Levanon D, Negreanu V, Bauer O, Hantisteanu S, Dicken J, Groner Y. Runx3 in Immunity, Inflammation and Cancer. Adv Exp Med Biol 2017; 962:369-93. [PMID: 28299669 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-3233-2_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In this chapter we summarize the pros and cons of the notion that Runx3 is a major tumor suppressor gene (TSG). Inactivation of TSGs in normal cells provides a viability/growth advantage that contributes cell-autonomously to cancer. More than a decade ago it was suggested that RUNX3 is involved in gastric cancer development, a postulate extended later to other epithelial cancers portraying RUNX3 as a major TSG. However, evidence that Runx3 is not expressed in normal gastric and other epithelia has challenged the RUNX3-TSG paradigm. In contrast, RUNX3 is overexpressed in a significant fraction of tumor cells in various human epithelial cancers and its overexpression in pancreatic cancer cells promotes their migration, anchorage-independent growth and metastatic potential. Moreover, recent high-throughput quantitative genome-wide studies on thousands of human samples of various tumors and new investigations of the role of Runx3 in mouse cancer models have unequivocally demonstrated that RUNX3 is not a bona fide cell-autonomous TSG. Importantly, accumulating data demonstrated that RUNX3 functions in control of immunity and inflammation, thereby indirectly influencing epithelial tumor development.
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20
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21
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Takacs E, Boto P, Simo E, Csuth TI, Toth BM, Raveh-Amit H, Pap A, Kovács EG, Kobolak J, Benkö S, Dinnyes A, Szatmari I. Immunogenic Dendritic Cell Generation from Pluripotent Stem Cells by Ectopic Expression of Runx3. J I 2016; 198:239-248. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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22
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Abstract
Mononuclear phagocytes (MP) are a quite unique subset of hematopoietic cells, which comprise dendritic cells (DC), monocytes as well as monocyte-derived and tissue-resident macrophages. These cells are extremely diverse with regard to their origin, their phenotype as well as their function. Developmentally, DC and monocytes are constantly replenished from a bone marrow hematopoietic progenitor. The ontogeny of macrophages is more complex and is temporally linked and specified by the organ where they reside, occurring early during embryonic or perinatal life. The functional heterogeneity of MPs is certainly a consequence of the tissue of residence and also reflects the diverse ontogeny of the subsets. In this review, we will highlight the developmental pathways of murine MP, with a particular emphasis on the transcriptional factors that regulate their development and function. Finally, we will discuss and point out open questions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxane Tussiwand
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel , Basel , Switzerland
| | - Emmanuel L Gautier
- INSERM UMR_S 1166, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital , Paris , France
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23
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Graham DB, Becker CE, Doan A, Goel G, Villablanca EJ, Knights D, Mok A, Ng ACY, Doench JG, Root DE, Clish CB, Xavier RJ. Functional genomics identifies negative regulatory nodes controlling phagocyte oxidative burst. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7838. [PMID: 26194095 PMCID: PMC4518307 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The phagocyte oxidative burst, mediated by Nox2 NADPH oxidase-derived reactive oxygen species, confers host defense against a broad spectrum of bacterial and fungal pathogens. Loss-of-function mutations that impair function of the Nox2 complex result in a life-threatening immunodeficiency, and genetic variants of Nox2 subunits have been implicated in pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Thus, alterations in the oxidative burst can profoundly impact host defense, yet little is known about regulatory mechanisms that fine-tune this response. Here we report the discovery of regulatory nodes controlling oxidative burst by functional screening of genes within loci linked to human inflammatory disease. Implementing a multi-omics approach, we define transcriptional, metabolic and ubiquitin-cycling nodes controlled by Rbpj, Pfkl and Rnf145, respectively. Furthermore, we implicate Rnf145 in proteostasis of the Nox2 complex by endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation. Consequently, ablation of Rnf145 in murine macrophages enhances bacterial clearance, and rescues the oxidative burst defects associated with Ncf4 haploinsufficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel B Graham
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.,Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Christine E Becker
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Aivi Doan
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Gautam Goel
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Eduardo J Villablanca
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.,Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.,Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Dan Knights
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Amanda Mok
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Aylwin C Y Ng
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.,Gastrointestinal Unit and Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - John G Doench
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - David E Root
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Clary B Clish
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Ramnik J Xavier
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.,Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.,Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.,Gastrointestinal Unit and Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.,Center for Microbiome Informatics and Therapeutics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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24
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Scheenstra MR, Salunkhe V, De Cuyper IM, Hoogenboezem M, Li E, Kuijpers TW, van den Berg TK, Gutiérrez L. Characterization of hematopoietic GATA transcription factor expression in mouse and human dendritic cells. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2015; 55:293-303. [PMID: 26460250 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2015.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Revised: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are key initiators and regulators of the immune response. The development of the DC lineage and their subsets requires an orchestrated regulation of their transcriptional program. Gata1, a transcription factor expressed in several hematopoietic cell lineages, has been recently reported to be required for mouse DC development and function. In humans, GATA1 is involved in the lineage separation between monocyte-derived DCs and Langerhans cells (LC) and loss of GATA1 results in differentiation arrest at the monocyte stage. The hematopoietic GATA factors (i.e. Gata1, Gata2, Gata3) are known to regulate each other's expression and to function consecutively throughout lineage commitment (so-called GATA switch). In humans, mutations in GATA2 are causative of MonoMAC disease, a human immunodeficiency syndrome characterized by loss of DCs, monocytes, B and NK cells. However, additional data on the expression of hematopoietic GATA factors in the DC lineage is missing. In this study, we have characterized the expression of hematopoietic GATA factors in murine and human DCs and their expression dynamics upon TLR stimulation. We found that all hematopoietic GATA factors are expressed in DCs, but identified species-specific differences in the relative expression of each GATA factor, and how their expression fluctuates upon stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maaike R Scheenstra
- Department of Blood Cell Research, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vishal Salunkhe
- Department of Blood Cell Research, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Iris M De Cuyper
- Department of Blood Cell Research, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mark Hoogenboezem
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eveline Li
- Department of Blood Cell Research, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Taco W Kuijpers
- Department of Blood Cell Research, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Pediatric Hematology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Emma Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Timo K van den Berg
- Department of Blood Cell Research, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Laura Gutiérrez
- Department of Blood Cell Research, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Zhu Y, Fu J, Yang H, Pan Y, Yao L, Xue X. Hyperoxia-induced methylation decreases RUNX3 in a newborn rat model of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Respir Res 2015; 16:75. [PMID: 26104385 PMCID: PMC4499173 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-015-0239-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in premature infants is a predominantly secondary occurrence to intrauterine inflammation/infection and postpartum mechanical ventilation; in recent years, an association with epigenetics has also been found. DNA methylation, catalyzed by DNA methyl transferases (DNMTs), and tri-methylation of lysine 27 on histone H3 (H3K27me3), mediated by the methyltransferase, Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 (EZH2), are some of the most commonly found modifications in epigenetics. Runt-related transcription factor 3 (RUNX3) is associated with pulmonary epithelial and vascular development and regulates expression at the post-transcriptional level by DNA methylation through DNMT1 or DNMT3b. However, the involvements of these epigenetic factors in the occurrence of BPD are, as yet, unclear. METHODS Newborn rats were randomly assigned to a model, hyperoxia (85 % O2) or control, normoxia group (21 % O2). Lung tissues and alveolar type 2 (AT2) epithelial cells were collected between 1-14 days. The expression of DNMTs, and EZH2 was detected by immunohistochemistry, Western blot and real-time PCR. The percentage of DNA methylation and H3K27me3 levels in the RUNX3 promoter region was measured by bisulfite sequencing PCR and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. RUNX3 protein and mRNA expression in AT2 cells was also measured after inhibition using the DNA methylation inhibitor, 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine, the H3K27me3 inhibitor, JMJD3, and the EZH2 inhibitor, DZNep. RESULTS Compared with the control group, RUNX3 protein was downregulated and DNMT3b and EZH2 were highly expressed in lung tissues and AT2 cells of the model group (P < 0.05), while high DNA methylation and H3K27me3 modifications were present in the RUNX3 promoter region, in lung tissues of the model group (P < 0.05). Following hyperoxia in the model group, JMJD3 and DZNep significantly reversed the hyperoxia-induced down-regulation of RUNX3 expression in AT2 cells (P < 0.05), more so than 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS 1) DNA methylation and H3K27 trimethylation are present in the BPD model; 2) RUNX3 down-regulation is attributed to both DNMT3b-catalyzed DNA methylation and EZH2-catalyzed histone methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China.
| | - Jianhua Fu
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China.
| | - Haiping Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China.
| | - Yuqing Pan
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China.
| | - Li Yao
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China.
| | - Xindong Xue
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China.
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Lotem J, Levanon D, Negreanu V, Bauer O, Hantisteanu S, Dicken J, Groner Y. Runx3 at the interface of immunity, inflammation and cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2015; 1855:131-43. [PMID: 25641675 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2015.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Revised: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Inactivation of tumor suppressor genes (TSG) in normal cells provides a viability/growth advantage that contributes cell-autonomously to cancer. More than a decade ago claims arose that the RUNX3 member of the RUNX transcription factor family is a major TSG inactivated in gastric cancer, a postulate extended later to other cancers. However, evidence that Runx3 is not expressed in normal gastric and other epithelia has challenged the RUNX3-TSG paradigm. Here we critically re-appraise this paradigm in light of recent high-throughput, quantitative genome-wide studies on thousands of human samples of various tumors and new investigations of the role of Runx3 in mouse cancer models. Collectively, these studies unequivocally demonstrate that RUNX3 is not a bona fide cell-autonomous TSG. Accordingly, RUNX3 is not recognized as a TSG and is not included among the 2000 cancer genes listed in the "Cancer Gene Census" or "Network for Cancer Genes" repositories. In contrast, RUNX3 does play important functions in immunity and inflammation and may thereby indirectly influence epithelial tumor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Lotem
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
| | - Ditsa Levanon
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Varda Negreanu
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Omri Bauer
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Shay Hantisteanu
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Joseph Dicken
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Yoram Groner
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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Abstract
Classical dendritic cells (cDCs) form a critical interface between innate and adaptive immunity. As myeloid immune cell sentinels, cDCs are specialized in the sensing of pathogen challenges and cancer. They translate the latter for T cells into peptide form. Moreover, cDCs provide additional critical information on the original antigen context to trigger a diverse spectrum of appropriate protective responses. Here we review recent progress in our understanding of cDC subsets in mice. We will discuss cDC subset ontogeny and transcription factor dependencies, as well as emerging functional specializations within the cDC compartment in lymphoid and nonlymphoid tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Mildner
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Steffen Jung
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
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28
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Bauer O, Hantisteanu S, Lotem J, Groner Y. Carcinogen-Induced Skin Tumor Development Requires Leukocytic Expression of the Transcription Factor Runx3. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2014; 7:913-26. [DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-14-0098-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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