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PERTIWI ANDICENDRA, LEIDA IDA, AMIRUDDIN RIDWAN, WAHIDUDDIN, SURIAH, SYAMSUAR. Development of measles-rubella surveillance health information system in the working area of health center tanjung selor, bulungan district. J Public Health Afr 2023; 14:2749. [PMID: 38259426 PMCID: PMC10801399 DOI: 10.4081/jphia.2024.2749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The Tanjung Selor Health Center reported 2 laboratory-confirmed negative measles suspected cases that occurred in the Tanjung Selor Hilir urban village area, thus meeting the Discarded Rate target of 80% for North Kalimantan Province. This study aims to design and determine the effectiveness of measles-rubella surveillance applications based on increasing measles suspect case finding. This research used pre-experimental study design and system development with the prototype method. This study was conducted in the working area of the Tanjung Selor Health Center. Samples of research were teachers and children of kindergarten/early childhood, elementary/boarding schools, and private pediatrician health service facilities in the Tanjung Selor Hilir village. The name of the application is SICARE (Sistem Campak Rubella/Measles-Rubella Surveillance) and expected to facilitate monitoring reporting cases of measles rubella. Data were analyzed by univariate and bivariate t-tests on Stata and then interpreted in the form of tables and narratives. The results showed the frequency of reporting (P=0.010), the difference in case of reporting before and after treatment (P=0.160), the effectiveness of surveillance attributes in schools and private facilities after treatment (P=0.00), and the effectiveness of reporting on Health Center officers (P=0.22). Significant results from the development of the SICARE application are the frequency of reporting and the effectiveness of surveillance attributes in schools and private facilities. It is recommended for health center staff to further develop the application that has been built through optimal planning to improve early detection and rapid response in an active measles-rubella surveillance system.
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Affiliation(s)
- ANDI CENDRA PERTIWI
- FETP student, Public Health Study Program
- North Kalimantan Provincial Health Office, Tarakan
| | | | | | | | - SURIAH
- Department of Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences
| | - SYAMSUAR
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, Hasanuddin University, Makassar
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Songol A, Amiri-Farahani L, Haghani S, Pezaro S, Omrani Saravi S. Comparing the effect of parental education via both lecture and film upon vaccination uptake for children under one year of age: A cluster randomized clinical trial. Vaccine 2023; 41:1067-73. [PMID: 36599735 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Vaccination is the most cost-effective action in preventing infectious diseases. Despite Iran's success in high vaccination coverage, in some areas there is a delay in vaccination. The aim of this study was to determine and compare the effect of education on immunization via lecture and film upon parental delay in vaccination uptake for children under 12 months of age. METHODS A multicentre cluster-randomized clinical trial with comprehensive urban health centres (CUHCs) in Shooshtar city, Khuzestan province, Iran as the unit of randomization was conducted. Overall, 8 CUHCs were randomized to receive education either via film (n = 165) or lecture (n = 164). In order to assign CUHCs to two groups, a simple random sampling method of coin tossing was used. Parents with children under 12 months and with a history of delayed vaccination were included in the study. Consecutive sampling was performed until the number needed for the cluster was reached. Interventions were delivered in small groups of 5-8 participants. Demographical data and clinical histories were collected from parents directly via a personal characteristic's questionnaire. Clinical data was extracted from vaccination records, the child's vaccine card and the vaccine information registration system. Statistical analyses of intervention effects were performed as per-protocol analysis. RESULTS In terms of individual characteristics and vaccine information significant differences between the two groups were only observed in relation to the parent of the participant, the child's gender, the number of children in the family, and timely injection of the vaccine in the previous child (p < 0.05). The chance of delay in vaccination after the intervention, without and considering the effect of intervening variables was 78 % and 74 % higher in the lecture group than in the film group, respectively (OR = 1.786, CI = 1.152-2.774 vs AOR = 1.743, CI = 1.011-3.007). Overall, 37.6 % of children in the film-based education group and 51.8 % of children in the lecture-based education group received their next vaccine with a delay of more than 7 days. CONCLUSION Education delivered via film can reduce the delay in vaccination more effectively. These findings, along with those of other studies conducted around the world suggest that multimedia education should be considered more widely in the field of education in children's vaccination.
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Wang Q, Cheng X, Liu D, Chen C, Yao K. One single-center serological survey on measles, rubella and mumps antibody levels of people in Youyang, China. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2021; 17:4203-4209. [PMID: 34623932 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2021.1924522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although measles, rubella and mumps elimination had achieved great progress in recent years, outbreaks were still reported worldwide. Serological surveillance on the remaining susceptibility in the population is essential to evaluate the preventive policy, estimate the current risk of infection, and predict evolutions in the future. In this study, we aimed to investigate the prevalence of seropositivity of antibodies against measles, rubella and mumps in a population of all ages in Youyang, southwest China. A cross-sectional hospital-based study was conducted among 657 cases who attended to Youyang Hospital from Sep 2018 to Aug 2019. Sero IgG antibodies were measured by ELISA. No difference in the seropositivity of antibodies against measles, rubella and mumps was found between neither urban vs. rural, nor male vs. female. The overall seropositivity of anti-measles, rubella, mumps IgG antibodies was 81.1% (95% CI: 78.0-83.9), 65.9% (95% CI: 62.2-69.4) and 63.2% (95% CI: 59.4-66.8), respectively. The IgG seropositivity varied with age significantly. In this study, the seropositivity of antibodies against measles, rubella and mumps among the participants was insufficient in the population, especially among infants, teenagers and productive women, who were suggested to booster the immunity. To better control and eliminate measles, mumps and rubella-related diseases, nation-wide active laboratory-supported surveillance, outbreak investigation and revaccination for vulnerable population are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics (Capital Medical University), Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoping Cheng
- Clinical Laboratory, Youyang County People's Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Dandan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics (Capital Medical University), Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Changhui Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Youyang County People's Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Kaihu Yao
- Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics (Capital Medical University), Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
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Adekola HA, Abdullahi IN, Emeribe AU, Faruku N, Uzairue L, Adeyemi Billyrose OM, Shuwa HA. Sero-survey of measles virus antibodies among symptomatic children attending Abuja Teaching Hospital, Nigeria. GMS Hyg Infect Control 2021; 16:Doc04. [PMID: 33643771 PMCID: PMC7894129 DOI: 10.3205/dgkh000375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background: Nigeria is one of the countries with a high prevalence of measles outbreak in children under 5 years old, despite a history of vaccination. This study aims to determine the prevalence of anti-measles virus IgM and IgG among children under 5 years attending the University of Abuja Teaching Hospital (UATH), Gwagwalada, FCT Abuja, Nigeria. Materials and methods: Whole blood was collected, centrifuged, and serum anti-IgM and anti-IgG against measles virus was analysed using ELISA. Sociodemographic variables and vaccination history of subjects were obtained by interview-based questionnaires. Results: The overall anti-Measles virus IgG and IgM seroprevalences were 29.2% and 14.6%, respectively. The prevalence of measles IgG was significantly associated with the parent’s employment status (X2=11.67, p=0.008). However, the prevalence of measles virus IgM was significantly associated with children’s age (X2=16.62, p=0.002), parents’ employment status and children’s vaccination status (X2 =7.72, p=0.02). Conclusion: A majority of study participants were not immunised against measles, and a significant number of participants had serological evidence of acute measles virus infection. There is a need for more concerted and massive measles vaccination of children.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Idris Nasir Abdullahi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Anthony Uchenna Emeribe
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Nafiu Faruku
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Leonard Uzairue
- Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | | | - Halima Ali Shuwa
- University Health Center, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Federal University, Dutse, Nigeria
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Gupta R, Saxena N, Gupta P. Determination of ELISA reactive mumps IgG antibodies in MMR vaccine recipients in comparison with MMR vaccine naive children: A cross sectional study. Scripta Medica 2021. [DOI: 10.5937/scriptamed52-33074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aim: Mumps is by vaccine preventable infectious disease characterised by parotitis. In India mumps vaccines are not currently used under National Immunisation Programme (NIP). Waning of vaccine-induced immunity is considered to play a central role in the re-emergence of mumps. The comprehensive data on the seroepidemiology of measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) as well as studies which compare the antibody titre among mumps vaccine naiveand mumps vaccinated children are lacking. The aim of this study was to estimate and compare mumps specific antibody titre in children with and without MMR vaccine. Methods: In 2019/2020, blood samples were collected from 100 healthy children attending immunisation clinic in Government Medical College Kota and associated J K Lon Maternal and Child care hospital Kota. The samples were investigated for MMR IgG antibodies using ELISA. Results: Out of total 100 children included in the study, 32.27 % vaccinated and 4.83 % non-vaccinated children were positive for mumps IgG antibody in the age group of 6 months to 6 years of age. Children aged 6 to 12 years, vaccinated and non-vaccinated, had 31.57 % and 26.57 % positivity, respectively. The seroprevalence of measles, mumps and rubella antibodies among 50 MMR vaccinated children were 94 %, 64 %, and 96 %, respectively. A high measles and rubella seroprevalences were observed among all children age groups, suggesting an effective control program, while the mumps seroprevalence decreased significantly with age. Conclusion: The maximum vaccine effectiveness against mumps for 2 doses of MMR vaccine is ≈ 96 %. The herd immunity threshold to block mumps virus transmission is ≥ 86 %. In this study only 64 % of the vaccinated children were found to have IgG mumps antibodies. In view of morbidity following mumps infection there is a need to incorporate mumps vaccine along with measles and rubella vaccine in the NIP instead of Mr.
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Karami M, Khazaei S, Zahraei SM, Mokhtari Azad T, Zahiri A, Moradi AR, Bathaei J, Javaheri M, Amiri J. Measles Outbreak in a Rural Population in Bahar District, Hamadan Province, West of Iran in 2018. J Res Health Sci 2020; 20:e00470. [PMID: 32814694 PMCID: PMC7585754 DOI: 10.34172/jrhs.2020.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Measles is in elimination phase in Iran. Following occurrence of two cases of measles in two children under six years old with the history of measles immunization in one of the villages affiliated to Bahar District, west of Hamadan Province, northwest of Iran, this study was conducted to determine the immunity status of people living in the village affected by the measles outbreak in spring of 2018.
Study design: A cross-sectional (descriptive-analytical) study.
Methods: Overall, 272 populations of 0-40 yr old in the village affected by outbreak were enrolled. Multistage sampling was used for choosing participants. The data collection tool was a researcher-made checklist used to collect epidemiological data including demographic characteristics and vaccination status. Blood samples were taken from them and sent to the measles reference laboratory for IgG testing. The amount of optical density (OD) greater than 0.2 was considered as positive and less than 0.1 negative, respectively.
Results: The mean age of the study population was 17.4 ±11.8 yr and the sex ratio was almost the same. Levels of antibodies against measles were positive in 63.24%, intermediate in 12.5% and negative in 24.26%. There was no significant difference between the immunity status of the subjects with gender (P=0.236) and age group (P=0.113). Pearson correlation results showed that in males there was a significant positive correlation between the age of the participants and the serum IgG level (r = 0.26, P=0.003).
Conclusion: Measles immunity in communities is not sufficient to prevent outbreaks and small epidemics, and it is recommended that periodically, serological assessments carried out at community level and especially at high-risk groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoochehr Karami
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Salman Khazaei
- Research Center for Health Sciences, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohsen Zahraei
- Center for Communicable Diseases Control, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Talat Mokhtari Azad
- Center for Communicable Diseases Control, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Zahiri
- Deputy of Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Ali Reza Moradi
- Deputy of Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Jalal Bathaei
- Deputy of Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Javaheri
- Deputy of Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Jalaleddin Amiri
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
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Crooke SN, Haralambieva IH, Grill DE, Ovsyannikova IG, Kennedy RB, Poland GA. Seroprevalence and durability of rubella virus antibodies in a highly immunized population. Vaccine 2019; 37:3876-82. [PMID: 31126859 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.05.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the administration of the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine has been widespread in the United States for decades, gaps in vaccine coverage still persist for various reasons. The maintenance of herd immunity against rubella virus (RV) is important to controlling the spread and resurgence of rubella and congenital rubella syndrome. METHODS In this study, we sought to assess the seroprevalence of RV-specific antibodies in an adult population from a defined geographic area in Olmsted County, MN, and the surrounding municipalities, with relatively high vaccine coverage and no documented evidence of circulating RV in the past 24 years. Rubella-specific IgG antibodies were measured by ELISA in a large set of serum samples (n = 1393) obtained from the Mayo Clinic Biobank. This cohort was 80.2% female and ranged from 20 to 44 years of age. RESULTS In total, 97.8% of subjects were seropositive for rubella-specific IgG antibodies, with a median titer of 40.56 IU/mL, suggesting a high degree of immunization; however, 2.2% of subjects were found to be seronegative. Interestingly, 25.1% of subjects were seropositive but had titers lower than 25 IU/mL, indicating either a population of low responders or individuals that could potentially be at risk of waning immunity. No significant associations or differences were found between RV-specific titers and demographic variables such as age, sex, or body mass index (BMI). CONCLUSIONS A high rate of seropositivity for rubella was found among this young adult cohort, but a significant percent of the cohort had lower titers that may indicate poor initial vaccine response and potential risk if their antibody titers decline.
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Karade S, Sen S, Sashindran VK, Sharma P, Kanitkar M. Measles, mumps, and rubella: A cross-sectional study of susceptibility to vaccine-preventable diseases among young people in India. Med J Armed Forces India 2019; 75:70-73. [PMID: 30705481 DOI: 10.1016/j.mjafi.2018.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Global elimination of vaccine preventable diseases, such as measles, mumps and rubella is a priority. Many countries have reported diminishing of antibody titres against these diseases among young population as immunization coverage of adolescents and adults in not monitored. The objective of this study was to determine the susceptibility against measles, mumps and rubella among young adults. METHODS In this cross-sectional study serological evidence of susceptibility to measles, mumps and rubella was determined by qualitative detection of IgG antibody titres by commercially available enzyme linked florescence assay (VIDAS, bioMerieux) in serum samples young adults. RESULTS A total of 335 young individuals (mean age: 20.54 ± 1.37 years) participated voluntarily between May 2017 to September 2018, of which 183 (54.63%) were males. Seroprotection against measles, mumps and rubella were 87.16%, 82.69% and 79.10% respectively. CONCLUSION Serological surveillance is important to monitor immune status in population. Susceptibility of young adults to measles, mumps, and rubella indicates need for booster vaccination. With the recent launch of measles-rubella vaccination campaign in India, country specific data will be required to plan periodicity of such campaign, which in turn would be based on accumulation of susceptible individuals in a community. Lastly, inclusion of mumps vaccine in the national universal immunization program needs consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Karade
- Assistant Professor, Department of Microbiology, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune 411040, India
| | - Sourav Sen
- Professor & Head, Department of Microbiology, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune 411040, India
| | | | - Punita Sharma
- Principal, College of Nursing, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune 411040, India
| | - Madhuri Kanitkar
- Dean and Deputy Commandant, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune 411040, India
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Meng QH, Liu Y, Yu JQ, Li LJ, Shi W, Shen YJ, Li L, Zhan SN, Yang F, Wang YJ, Yao KH. Seroprevalence of Maternal and Cord Antibodies Specific for Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis, Measles, Mumps and Rubella in Shunyi, Beijing. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13021. [PMID: 30158679 PMCID: PMC6115429 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31283-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal antibodies contribute to the protection of young infants from infectious diseases during the early life. However, vaccinations for women of child-bearing age are not routine in China. Therefore, we investigated the level of protective immunity against vaccine preventable diseases in pregnant women and newborns in China. A total of 194 paired maternal and cord blood samples were collected in Beijing from 2016 to 2017. Antibodies specific for the antigens covered by diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP) and measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine were determined by ELISA (Euroimmun, Lübeck, Germany). The cut off value of ≥0.1 IU/ml (anti-diphtheria), >0.1 IU/ml (anti-tetanus), >40 IU/ml (anti-pertussis toxin), ≥200 IU/l (anti-measles), ≥45 RU/ml (anti-mumps) and ≥10 IU/ml (anti-rubella) were used to assess the percentage of newborns with protective IgG concentrations, respectively. The results revealed that 61.3%, 73.2%, 97.4%, 30.4%, 65.5% and 17.0% of newborns had no protection against diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, measles, mumps and rubella. Only 1.0% and 23.7% of newborns had protection against all three components of DTP or MMR, respectively. The finding suggested that most of newborns were susceptible to diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis and mumps, almost one-third of this population had no immune protection against measles, and about one-sixth of them were under threat of rubella infection. These data supported the immunization program for DTP and MMR vaccine in women at child-bearing age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Hong Meng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Infection Diseases, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics (Capital Medical University), Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Neonatology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Jin-Qian Yu
- Department of Neonatology, Shunyi Women and Children's Hospital of Beijing Children's Hospital, Beijing, 101300, China
| | - Li-Jun Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Infection Diseases, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics (Capital Medical University), Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Wei Shi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Infection Diseases, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics (Capital Medical University), Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Ying-Jie Shen
- Department of Neonatology, Shunyi Women and Children's Hospital of Beijing Children's Hospital, Beijing, 101300, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Neonatology, Shunyi Women and Children's Hospital of Beijing Children's Hospital, Beijing, 101300, China
| | - Shi-Na Zhan
- Department of Neonatology, Shunyi Women and Children's Hospital of Beijing Children's Hospital, Beijing, 101300, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Neonatology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Ya-Juan Wang
- Department of Neonatology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, 100045, China.
| | - Kai-Hu Yao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Infection Diseases, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics (Capital Medical University), Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, 100045, China.
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Zhang R, Jiang H, Li F, Su N, Ding Y, Mao X, Ren D, Wang J. Key genes and pathways in measles and their interaction with environmental chemicals. Exp Ther Med 2018; 15:4890-4900. [PMID: 29805511 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to explore key genes that may have a role in the pathology of measles virus infection and to clarify the interaction networks between environmental factors and differentially expressed genes (DEGs). After screening the database of the Gene Expression Omnibus of the National Center for Biotechnology Information, the dataset GSE5808 was downloaded and analyzed. A global normalization method was performed to minimize data inconsistencies and heterogeneity. DEGs during different stages of measles virus infection were explored using R software (v3.4.0). Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis of the DEGs were performed using Cytoscape 3.4.0 software. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of the DEGs was obtained from the STRING database v9.05. A total of 43 DEGs were obtained from four analyzed sample groups, including 10 highly expressed genes and 33 genes with decreased expression. The most enriched pathways based on KEGG analysis were fatty acid elongation, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction and RNA degradation. The genes mentioned in the PPI network were mainly associated with protein binding and chemokine activity. A total of 219 chemicals were identified that may, jointly or on their own, interact with the 6 DEGs between the control group and patients with measles (at hospital entry), including benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) and tetrachlorodibenzodioxin (TCDD). In conclusion, the present study revealed that chemokines and environmental chemicals, e.g. BaP and TCDD, may affect the development of measles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongqiang Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi 712046, P.R. China
| | - Hualin Jiang
- Department of Nursing, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China.,Department of Medical Education, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Fengying Li
- Immunization Department of Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Xianyang, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712046, P.R. China
| | - Ning Su
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Yi Ding
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Mao
- GoDaddy Inc, Sunnyvale, CA 95131, USA
| | - Dan Ren
- Department of Nursing, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi 712046, P.R. China
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Hu W, Li Y, Han W, Xue L, Zhang W, Ma W, Bi P. Meteorological factors and the incidence of mumps in Fujian Province, China, 2005-2013: Non-linear effects. Sci Total Environ 2018; 619-620:1286-1298. [PMID: 29734606 PMCID: PMC7112015 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.11.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mumps is still an important public health issue in the world with several recent outbreaks. The seasonable distribution of the disease suggested that meteorological factors may influence the incidence of mumps. The aim of this study was to explore the possible association between meteorological factors and the incidence of mumps, and to provide scientific evidence to relevant health authorities for the disease control and prevention. METHODS We obtained the data of mumps cases and daily meteorological factors in Fujian Province in Eastern China over the period of 2005-2013. Using distributed lag non-linear model (DLNM) approach, we assessed the relationship between the meteorological factors and mumps incidence. RESULTS The effects of meteorological factors on the mumps incidence were all non-linear. Compared with the lowest risk values, the upper level of precipitation, atmospheric pressure and relative humidity could increase the risk of mumps, whereas the low level of wind velocity, temperature, diurnal temperature range and sunshine duration may also increase the risk. Moderate atmospheric pressure and low wind velocity had larger cumulative effects within 30lagdays and the relative risks were 10.02 (95%CI: 2.47-40.71) and 12.45 (95%CI: 1.40-110.78). For temperature, the cumulative effect within 30lagdays of minimum temperature was higher than that from maximum temperature in most populations. The cumulative effects of minimum temperature for males, children aged 10-14 and students were higher than those in other populations. CONCLUSIONS Meteorological factors, especially temperature and wind velocity, should be taken into consideration in the prevention and warning of possible mumps epidemic. Special attention should be paid to the vulnerable populations, such as teenagers and young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqi Hu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China
| | - Yuying Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China
| | - Weixiao Han
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China
| | - Li Xue
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China
| | - Wenchao Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China
| | - Wei Ma
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China; Climate Change and Health Center, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China.
| | - Peng Bi
- School of Public Health, The University of Adelaide, Level 8, Hughes Building, North Terrace Campus, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
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Su Q, Ma C, Wen N, Fan C, Yang H, Wang H, Yin Z, Feng Z, Hao L, Yang W. Epidemiological profile and progress toward rubella elimination in China. 10 years after nationwide introduction of rubella vaccine. Vaccine 2018; 36:2079-2085. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Chirumbolo S, Bjørklund G. Vaccination is fundamental but can it escape from a more insightful and critical information about its action? Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2017; 55:8-13. [PMID: 28800561 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2017.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Chirumbolo
- Department of Neurological and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Italy; Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine, Mo i Rana, Norway.
| | - Geir Bjørklund
- Department of Neurological and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Italy; Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine, Mo i Rana, Norway
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Hu Y, Li Q, Chen Y. Timeliness of Childhood Primary Immunization and Risk Factors Related with Delays: Evidence from the 2014 Zhejiang Provincial Vaccination Coverage Survey. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2017; 14. [PMID: 28930165 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14091086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Background: this study aimed to assess both immunization coverage and timeliness, as well as reasons for non-vaccination, and identity the risk factors of delayed immunization, for the vaccines scheduled during the first year of life, in Zhejiang province, east China. Methods: A cluster survey among children aged 24-35 months was conducted. Demographic information and socio-economic characteristics of the selected child, the mother, and the household were collected. Immunization data were transcribed from immunization cards. Timeliness was assessed with Kaplan-Meier analysis for each vaccine given before 12 months of age, based on the time frame stipulated by the expanded program on immunization of China. Cox proportional hazard regression was applied to identify risk factors of delayed immunization. Results: A total of 2772 eligible children were surveyed. The age-appropriate coverage ranged from 25.4% (95% CI: 23.7-27.0%) for Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) to 91.3% (95% CI: 90.2-92.3%) for the first dose of oral poliomyelitis vaccine (OPV1). The most frequent reason for non-vaccination was parent's fear of adverse events of immunization. Delayed immunizations were associated with mother having a lower education level, mother having a job, delivery at home, increasing number of children per household, and having a lower household income. Conclusions: Although the timeliness of immunization has improved since 2011, necessary steps are still needed to achieve further improvement. Timeliness of immunization should be considered as another important indicator of expanded program on immunization (EPI) performance. Future interventions on vaccination coverage should take into consideration demographic and socio-economic risk factors identified in this study. The importance of adhering to the recommended schedule should be explained to parents.
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Hui SYA, Sahota DS, Lao TT. Impact of the two-dose rubella vaccination regimen on incidence of rubella seronegativity in gravidae aged 25 years and younger. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183630. [PMID: 28854204 PMCID: PMC5576672 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study compared the incidence of rubella seronegativity among gravidae of 25 year-old and younger, between those born in Hong Kong after 1983 when the two-dose rubella vaccination was implemented, versus gravidae born before, to examine the impact of the two-dose regimen. Methods In this retrospective cohort study, the incidence of antenatal rubella seronegativity in our parturients managed in1997-2015 was analysed by their age from ≤16 to 25 years, and the effect of year of birth was determined adjusting for confounding factors including teenage status, obstetric history, anthropometric factors, and health parameters including anaemia, thalassaemia trait and hepatitis B carrier status. Results Among the 12743 gravidae, the 6103 gravidae born after 1983 had overall higher rubella seronegativity (9.1% versus 4.4%, OR 2.061, 95% CI 1.797–2.364), with significant difference (p = 0.006) and inverse correlation (p<0.001) with age, in contrast to the 6640 gravidae born in/before 1983 whom there was significant difference (p = 0.027) but a positive correlation (p = 0.008) with age. For each year of age, the former had significantly higher incidence of rubella seronegativity except for those of ≤16 years. Regression analysis confirmed that birth after 1983 was independently associated with rubella seronegativity (aOR 2.207, 95% CI 1.902–2.562). Conclusion There was a significant trend between rubella seronegativity with age in young gravidae, but the pattern was opposite between gravidae born after versus in/before 1983, with the former having a higher incidence of seronegativity at all ages. Young women covered by the two-dose rubella immunisation programme have a paradoxically higher incidence of rubella seronegativity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuk Yi Annie Hui
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Daljit S Sahota
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Terence T Lao
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
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Lao TT, Hui ASY, Sahota DS. Prior pregnancy and antenatal rubella sero-negativity-evidence of persistent maternal immunologic alteration? Am J Reprod Immunol 2017; 78. [PMID: 28653441 DOI: 10.1111/aji.12727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM It is unclear if the immunologic alterations induced by pregnancy could persist. METHOD OF STUDY Antenatal rubella sero-negativity was correlated with gravidity, abortions and parity in 112 083 gravidae managed during 1997-2015, with further analysis stratified for factors known to influence rubella serology. RESULTS The 10.2% sero-negative gravidae had different characteristics, and the incidence showed significant difference and positive trend (P<.001 for both) with gravidity, abortions and parity. The pattern remained consistent when analysis was stratified for advanced age, high body mass index and medical history, but was negated by hepatitis B virus infection except for abortions, and by high body mass index for parity. For gravidity 2-4, no difference in rubella sero-negativity was found between gravidae with all previous pregnancies ended in abortion vs delivery. CONCLUSION Prior pregnancies diminished rubella immunity in a dose-dependent manner, which may be a reflection of the cumulative effect of pregnancy-associated maternal immunologic alteration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terence T Lao
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Annie S Y Hui
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Daljit S Sahota
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Abstract
Mumps virus (MuV) causes acute infection in humans with characteristic swelling of the parotid gland. While vaccination has greatly reduced the incidence of MuV infection, there have been multiple large outbreaks of mumps virus (MuV) in highly vaccinated populations. The most common vaccine strain, Jeryl Lynn, belongs to genotype A, which is no longer a circulating genotype. We have developed two vaccine candidates that match the circulating genotypes in the United States (genotype G) and China (genotype F). We found that there was a significant decrease in the ability of the Jeryl Lynn vaccine to produce neutralizing antibody responses to non-matched viruses, when compared to either of our vaccine candidates. Our data suggests that an updated vaccine may allow for better immunity against the circulating MuV genotypes G and F.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Zengel
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Shannon I Phan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Adrian Pickar
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, GA, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Pei Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, GA, United States; Marjorie B. Kovler Viral Oncology Labs, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, United States
| | - Biao He
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, GA, United States.
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Wang X, Ma M, Hui Z, Terry PD, Zhang Y, Su R, Wang M, Gu W, Li L. Seroprevalence of Measles Antibodies and Predictors for Seropositivity among Chinese Children. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2017; 14:E605. [PMID: 28587279 PMCID: PMC5486291 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14060605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: Supplementary measles immunization has been implemented since 2010 throughout China, yet few studies have reported its effect in the northwest regions. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among children aged 2 to 4 years old (n = 755) from February to September 2014 in 25 towns of Qian County, Shaanxi Province. Blood samples were analyzed for measles antibodies using enzyme-linked immunosorbent immunoglobulin G (IgG) assays. Socio-demographic factors were assessed by questionnaire. Data on vaccine dose were collected from town medical records. Univariate and logistic regression analyses were used to determine factors associated with measles antibody seropositivity. Results: Measles antibody seroprevalence was 91.13% (95% CI: 89.52-92.83) in our sample. Compared with children whose mother's highest education was primary school, seroprevalence was higher in children whose maternal education was middle school (adjusted OR: 1.4, 95% CI: 0.7-2.8), high school (adjusted OR: 2.4, 95% CI: 1.3-7.7), and college/university (adjusted OR: 2.9, 95% CI: 1.2-9.3). Vaccine dose was positively associated with seropositivity. Conclusions: Measles seroprevalence is high in China and is associated with the mother's education and vaccine dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Wang
- Department of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China.
| | - Mei Ma
- Department of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China.
| | - Zhaozhao Hui
- Department of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China.
| | - Paul D Terry
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Medical Center, Knoxville, TN 37920, USA.
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China.
| | - Rui Su
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention in Qian County, Xianyang 713300, China.
| | - Mingxu Wang
- Department of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China.
| | - Wei Gu
- Department of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China.
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China.
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Tang X, Geater A, McNeil E, Zhou H, Deng Q, Dong A. Timeliness and completeness of measles vaccination among children in rural areas of Guangxi, China: A stratified three-stage cluster survey. J Epidemiol 2017; 27:317-324. [PMID: 28187960 PMCID: PMC5498417 DOI: 10.1016/j.je.2016.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Large-scale outbreaks of measles occurred in 2013 and 2014 in rural Guangxi, a region in Southwest China with high coverage for measles-containing vaccine (MCV). This study aimed to estimate the timely vaccination coverage, the timely-and-complete vaccination coverage, and the median delay period for MCV among children aged 18–54 months in rural Guangxi. Methods Based on quartiles of measles incidence during 2011–2013, a stratified three-stage cluster survey was conducted from June through August 2015. Using weighted estimation and finite population correction, vaccination coverage and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Weighted Kaplan–Meier analyses were used to estimate the median delay periods for the first (MCV1) and second (MCV2) doses of the vaccine. Results A total of 1216 children were surveyed. The timely vaccination coverage rate was 58.4% (95% CI, 54.9%–62.0%) for MCV1, and 76.9% (95% CI, 73.6%–80.0%) for MCV2. The timely-and-complete vaccination coverage rate was 47.4% (95% CI, 44.0%–51.0%). The median delay period was 32 (95% CI, 27–38) days for MCV1, and 159 (95% CI, 118–195) days for MCV2. Conclusions The timeliness and completeness of measles vaccination was low, and the median delay period was long among children in rural Guangxi. Incorporating the timeliness and completeness into official routine vaccination coverage statistics may help appraise the coverage of vaccination in China. The timeliness and completeness of measles vaccination was low. The median delay period of measles vaccination was long among Guangxi children. Regions with higher measles incidence had higher rates of untimely coverage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianyan Tang
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China; Epidemiology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand
| | - Alan Geater
- Epidemiology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand.
| | - Edward McNeil
- Epidemiology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand
| | - Hongxia Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Qiuyun Deng
- Institute of Vaccination, Guangxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Aihu Dong
- Institute of Vaccination, Guangxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
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Chong KC, Zhang C, Zee BCY, Luo T, Wang L, Tam GCH, Jia KM, Sun R, Wang MH, Guan X. Interpreting the transmissibility of measles in two different post periods of supplementary immunization activities in Hubei, China. Vaccine 2017; 35:1024-1029. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Cui A, Zhu Z, Hu Y, Deng X, Sun Z, Zhang Y, Mao N, Xu S, Fang X, Gao H, Si Y, Lei Y, Zheng H, He J, Wu H, Xu W. Mumps Epidemiology and Mumps Virus Genotypes Circulating in Mainland China during 2013-2015. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0169561. [PMID: 28085897 PMCID: PMC5234798 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
With the implementation of mumps virus (MuV) vaccination in the expanded program on immunization (EPI) in mainland China since 2008, the incidence of mumps has decreased, and the natural epidemic pattern of mumps has slightly changed during 2013-2015. The two epidemic peaks (April-July and November-December) became less obvious than those observed from 2004 to 2012. Children and adolescents younger than 15, particularly in the five-to-nine-year-old age group, remain the target group and should be the focus of high-quality immunization activities in mainland China. However, it was also found that the incidence and reported cases of mumps decreased in each age group during 2013-2015, particularly in the five-to-nine-year-old and ten-to-fourteen-year-old age groups. The proportion of mumps cases among adults in some provinces also increased. Unlike the changes in the epidemiological characteristics of mumps affected by vaccination, the data of MuV virology surveillance indicated that most of the MuV transmission chains have not yet been effectively interrupted, and MuV remains a natural epidemic pattern in mainland China. In the MuV virology surveillance, 194 MuV strains during 2013-2015 were isolated from 10 of 31 provinces in mainland China. Based on the phylogenetic analysis of the small hydrophobic (SH) gene, both genotype F (99.0%) and G (1.0%) were identified, and genotype F was still the predominant genotype continuously circulating in mainland China. Representative genotype F and G strains isolated in China from 1995 to 2012 were selected for further analysis. The results indicated that there were multiple transmission chains within genotype F, with no obvious geographical or time differences. The high genetic diversity of genotype F strains could be a result of the continuous transmission and evolution of the MuV in mainland China. Genotype G was also detected in four provinces in mainland China. Because of the limited epidemiological data, it was uncertain whether the genotype G MuV strains found in 2011 and 2013 were imported from other countries. Therefore, combined high-quality epidemiological and virological surveillance is necessary for mumps control; it can also be used to observe the changes in epidemiological characteristics and viral transmission of mumps over time after mumps-containing vaccine (MuCV) implementation and to provide a comprehensive epidemiological and genetic baseline for mumps elimination in mainland China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aili Cui
- WHO WPRO Regional Reference Measles/Rubella Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Medical Virology Ministry of Health, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhen Zhu
- WHO WPRO Regional Reference Measles/Rubella Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Medical Virology Ministry of Health, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Hu
- Jiangsu Provincial Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiuying Deng
- Jiangsu Provincial Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhaodan Sun
- Heilongjiang Provincial Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Ha’erbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhang
- WHO WPRO Regional Reference Measles/Rubella Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Medical Virology Ministry of Health, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Naiying Mao
- WHO WPRO Regional Reference Measles/Rubella Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Medical Virology Ministry of Health, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Songtao Xu
- WHO WPRO Regional Reference Measles/Rubella Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Medical Virology Ministry of Health, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xueqiang Fang
- Shandong Provincial Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Gao
- Shanxi Provincial Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuan Si
- Shannxi Provincial Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yake Lei
- Hubei Provincial Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huanying Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jilan He
- Sichuan Provincial Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongwei Wu
- Affiliated hospital of Beihua University, Jilin, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (WX); (HW)
| | - Wenbo Xu
- WHO WPRO Regional Reference Measles/Rubella Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Medical Virology Ministry of Health, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (WX); (HW)
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Charlton CL, Severini A. Dilemmas and Pitfalls in Rubella Laboratory Diagnostics in Low Prevalence or Elimination Settings. Curr Treat Options Infect Dis 2016; 8:329-42. [DOI: 10.1007/s40506-016-0090-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Abstract
Serological tests provide information about individual immunity from historical infection or immunization. Cross-sectional serological studies provide data about the age- and sex-specific immunity levels for individuals in the studied population, and these data can provide a point of comparison for the results of transmission models. In the context of developing an integrated model for measles and rubella transmission, we reviewed the existing measles and rubella literature to identify the results of national serological studies that provided cross-sectional estimates of population immunity at the time of data collection. We systematically searched PubMed, the Science Citation Index, and references we identified from relevant articles published in English. We extracted serological data for comparison to transmission model outputs. For rubella, serological studies of women of child-bearing age provide information about the potential risks of infants born with congenital rubella syndrome. Serological studies also document the loss of maternal antibodies, which occurs at different rates for the different viruses and according to the nature of the induced immunity (i.e., infection or vaccine). The serological evidence remains limited for some areas, with studies from developed countries representing a disproportionate part of the evidence. The collection and review of serological evidence can help program managers identify immunity gaps in the population, which may help them better understand the characteristics of individuals within their populations who may participate in transmission and manage risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly M Thompson
- Kid Risk, Inc, Orlando, FL, USA
- University of Central Florida, College of Medicine, Orlando, FL, USA
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Dimech W, Mulders MN. A 16-year review of seroprevalence studies on measles and rubella. Vaccine 2016; 34:4110-8. [PMID: 27340097 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2015] [Revised: 05/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The determination of the seroprevalence of vaccine-preventable diseases is critical in monitoring the efficacy of vaccination programmes and to assess the gaps in population immunity but requires extensive organisation and is time and resource intensive. The results of the studies are frequently reported in peer-reviewed scientific, government and non-government publications. A review of scientific literature was undertaken to advise the development of WHO guidelines for the assessment of measles and rubella seroprevalence. A search of the National Library of Medicine's PubMed online publications using key words of 'measles', 'rubella', combined with 'serosurvey', 'seroprevalence', 'immunity' and 'population immunity' was conducted. A total of 97 articles published between January 1998 and June 2014 were retrieved, 68 describing serosurveys for measles and 58 serosurveys for rubella, conducted in 37 and 36 different countries respectively. Only 13 (19%) and 8 (14%) respectively were UN classified "least developed countries". The study sample varied markedly and included combinations of male and female infants, children, adolescents and adults. The study sizes also varied with 28% and 33% of measles and rubella studies respectively, having greater than 2000 participants. Microtitre plate enzyme immunoassays were used in 52 (76%) measles studies and 40 (69%) rubella studies. A total of 39 (57%) measles and 44 (76%) rubella studies reported quantitative test results. Seroprevalence ranged from 60.8% to 95.9% for measles and 53.0% to 99.3% for rubella studies. The review highlighted that infants lost maternally-acquired immunity within 9months of birth and were unprotected until vaccination. Two groups at higher risk of infection were identified: young adults between the ages of 15 and 30years and immigrants.
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Vashishtha VM, Yadav S, Dabas A, Bansal CP, Agarwal RC, Yewale VN, Thacker N, Kamath SS, Mehta PJ. IAP position paper on burden of mumps in India and vaccination strategies. Indian Pediatr 2015; 52:505-14. [DOI: 10.1007/s13312-015-0666-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Chen Y, Zhang X, Zhao Y, Zhang Y, Wang S, Hao Z, Zhang Z, Ma J, Fang Y, Wang X. Waning of anti-HAV immunity in Shijiazhuang prefecture, Hebei province, China: A comparison of seroprevalence between 1992 and 2011. Vaccine 2014; 32:6227-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Revised: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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