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Zhang Y, Guo W, Zhan Z, Bai O. Carcinogenic mechanisms of virus-associated lymphoma. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1361009. [PMID: 38482011 PMCID: PMC10932979 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1361009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of lymphoma is a complex multistep process that integrates numerous experimental findings and clinical data that have not yet yielded a definitive explanation. Studies of oncogenic viruses can help to deepen insight into the pathogenesis of lymphoma, and identifying associations between lymphoma and viruses that are established and unidentified should lead to cellular and pharmacologically targeted antiviral strategies for treating malignant lymphoma. This review focuses on the pathogenesis of lymphomas associated with hepatitis B and C, Epstein-Barr, and human immunodeficiency viruses as well as Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus to clarify the current status of basic information and recent advances in the development of virus-associated lymphomas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ou Bai
- Department of Hematology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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2
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Kondo Y, Akahira J, Morosawa T, Toi Y, Endo A, Satio H, Endo M, Sugawara S, Tanaka Y. Anti-nuclear antibody and a granuloma could be biomarkers for iCIs-related hepatitis by anti-PD-1 treatment. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3669. [PMID: 35256688 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07770-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been reported that various kinds of immune checkpoint inhibitors (iCIs) could induce immune-related liver damage. We should focus on the programmed cell death-receptor-1 (PD-1) antibody and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) to analyze the characteristics of hepatitis related to iCIs and find factors that could be useful biomarkers for the diagnosis. A single-center retrospective study of 252 NSCLC patients who received PD-1 antibody (nivolumab or pembrolizumab). Some of the biochemical markers and immunological markers were analyzed during PD-1-antibody treatment with or without ALT elevation. Histopathological features were reviewed by a single expert of hepatic pathology focusing on the following features: fibrosis, portal inflammation, lobular inflammation, lobular necrosis. The formation of macro- and micro-granulomas was also evaluated. The frequency of liver damage induced by nivolumab including grade 1 to 4 (ALT) was 41.9% (78/186 patients). The positive rate of anti-nuclear antibody in the nivolumab group with iCIs-related hepatitis was significantly higher than that in the nivolumab group without iCIs-related hepatitis (p = 0.00112). Granulomatous changes were significantly increased in patients with iCIs-related hepatitis compared with DILI and AIH patients (p < 0.05). The ratios of inflammatory cells CD4/CD8, and CD138/CD3 in ICIs-related hepatitis were significantly lower than those in AIH or DILI patients (p < 0.05). We demonstrated that the pre-existing ANA and characteristic liver histology including CD8+ cells dominancy and granulomatous hepatitis could be biomarkers for the diagnosis of iCIs-related hepatitis in the NSCLC with anti-PD-1 therapy.
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Wróblewska A, Bielawski KP, Sikorska K. Occult Infection with Hepatitis C Virus: Looking for Clear-Cut Boundaries and Methodological Consensus. J Clin Med 2021; 10:5874. [PMID: 34945170 PMCID: PMC8707082 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10245874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The sustained virologic response and elimination of HCV is widely viewed as a true cure of chronic hepatitis C as it associates with amelioration of histological liver damage and improved clinical outcomes. Therefore, the existence and clinical burden of occult HCV infection (OCI) has been a controversial issue for many years. In this review, we summarize recently published data that adds new information on the molecular and clinical background of OCI and its epidemiological significance. We also identify and discuss the most important methodological pitfalls, which can be a source of inconsistency between studies. Data that have accumulated so far, strongly support the existence of extrahepatic HCV replication in individuals negative for serum HCV-RNA by conventional clinical tests. OCI emerges as a condition where the immune system is unable to fully resolve infection but it is continuously stimulated by low levels of HCV antigens, leading to progression of liver pathology and extrahepatic HCV-related complications. Moreover, the development of monitoring strategies or management guidelines for OCI is still hampered by the lack of clear definition and the confusion regarding its clinical significance. Careful study design and the introduction of uniform protocols for the detection of low-level HCV-RNA are crucial for obtaining reliable data on OCI.
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4
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Elpek GO. Molecular pathways in viral hepatitis-associated liver carcinogenesis: An update. World J Clin Cases 2021; 9:4890-4917. [PMID: 34307543 PMCID: PMC8283590 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i19.4890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of cancer among primary malignant tumors of the liver and is a consequential cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. In recent years, uncovering the molecular mechanisms involved in the development and behavior of this tumor has led to the identification of multiple potential treatment targets. Despite the vast amount of data on this topic, HCC remains a challenging tumor to treat due to its aggressive behavior and complex molecular profile. Therefore, the number of studies aiming to elucidate the mechanisms involved in both carcinogenesis and tumor progression in HCC continues to increase. In this context, the close association of HCC with viral hepatitis has led to numerous studies focusing on the direct or indirect involvement of viruses in the mechanisms contributing to tumor development and behavior. In line with these efforts, this review was undertaken to highlight the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms by which hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) participate in oncogenesis and tumor progression in HCC and summarize new findings. Cumulative evidence indicates that HBV DNA integration promotes genomic instability, resulting in the overexpression of genes related to cancer development, metastasis, and angiogenesis or inactivation of tumor suppressor genes. In addition, genetic variations in HBV itself, especially preS2 deletions, may play a role in malignant transformation. Epigenetic dysregulation caused by both viruses might also contribute to tumor formation and metastasis by modifying the methylation of DNA and histones or altering the expression of microRNAs. Similarly, viral proteins of both HBV and HCV can affect pathways that are important anticancer targets. The effects of these two viruses on the Hippo-Yap-Taz pathway in HCC development and behavior need to be investigated. Additional, comprehensive studies are also needed to determine these viruses' interaction with integrins, farnesoid X, and the apelin system in malignant transformation and tumor progression. Although the relationship of persistent inflammation caused by HBV and HCV hepatitis with carcinogenesis is well defined, further studies are warranted to decipher the relationship among inflammasomes and viruses in carcinogenesis and elucidate the role of virus-microbiota interactions in HCC development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulsum Ozlem Elpek
- Department of Pathology, Akdeniz University Medical School, Antalya 07070, Turkey
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5
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Holub M, Stráníková A, Beran O, Arientová S, Bartoš O, Kondelková K, Plíšek S, Chalupa P. Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection Modulates the Transcriptional Profiles of CD4 + T Cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 2021:6689834. [PMID: 33777278 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6689834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Background Chronic hepatitis C (CHC) is associated with altered cell-mediated immune response. Objective The aim of the study was to characterize functional alterations in CD4+ T cell subsets and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) during chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Methodology. The expression levels of the lineage-defining transcriptional factors (TFs) T-bet, Gata3, Rorγt, and Foxp3 in circulating CD4+ T cells and percentages of MDSCs in peripheral blood were evaluated in 33 patients with CHC, 31 persons, who had spontaneously cleared the HCV infection, and 30 healthy subjects. Analysis. The CD4+ T cells TFs T-bet (T-box expressed in T cells), Foxp3 (Forkhead box P3 transcription factor), Gata3 (Gata-binding protein 3), and Rorγt (retinoic-acid-related orphan receptor gamma) and activation of CD8+ T cells, as well as percentages of MDSCs, were measured by multicolor flow cytometry after intracellular and surface staining of peripheral blood mononuclear cells with fluorescent monoclonal antibodies. Result The patients with CHC had significantly lower percentages of CD4+ T cells expressing Rorγt and Gata3 and higher percentages of Foxp3-expressing CD4+ T cells than healthy controls and persons who spontaneously cleared HCV infection. The ratios of T-bet+/Gata3+ and Foxp3+/Rorγt+ CD4+ T cells were the highest in the patients with CHC. In the patients with CHC, the percentages of Gata3+ and Rorγt+ CD4+ T cells and the percentages of T-bet+ CD4+ T cells and CD38+/HLA-DR+ CD8+ T cells demonstrated significant positive correlations. In addition, the percentage of CD38+/HLA-DR+ CD8+ T cells correlated negatively with the percentage of MDSCs. Conclusion Chronic HCV infection is associated with downregulation of TFs Gata3 and Rorγt polarizing CD4+ T cells into Th2 and Th17 phenotypes together with upregulation of Foxp3 responsible for induction of regulatory T cells suppressing immune response.
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Goto K, Roca Suarez AA, Wrensch F, Baumert TF, Lupberger J. Hepatitis C Virus and Hepatocellular Carcinoma: When the Host Loses Its Grip. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093057. [PMID: 32357520 PMCID: PMC7246584 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Novel treatments with direct-acting antivirals achieve high rates of sustained virologic response; however, the HCC risk remains elevated in cured patients, especially those with advanced liver disease. Long-term HCV infection causes a persistent and accumulating damage of the liver due to a combination of direct and indirect pro-oncogenic mechanisms. This review describes the processes involved in virus-induced disease progression by viral proteins, derailed signaling, immunity, and persistent epigenetic deregulation, which may be instrumental to develop urgently needed prognostic biomarkers and as targets for novel chemopreventive therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaku Goto
- Université de Strasbourg, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1110, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques, Université de Strasbourg (IVH), F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Armando Andres Roca Suarez
- Université de Strasbourg, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1110, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques, Université de Strasbourg (IVH), F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Florian Wrensch
- Université de Strasbourg, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1110, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques, Université de Strasbourg (IVH), F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Thomas F. Baumert
- Université de Strasbourg, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1110, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques, Université de Strasbourg (IVH), F-67000 Strasbourg, France
- Pôle Hépato-digestif, Institut Hopitalo-Universitaire, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, F-75231 Paris, France
- Correspondence: (T.F.B.); (J.L.); Tel.: +33-3-68-85-37-03 (T.F.B. & J.L.); Fax: +33-3-68-85-37-24 (T.F.B. & J.L.)
| | - Joachim Lupberger
- Université de Strasbourg, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1110, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques, Université de Strasbourg (IVH), F-67000 Strasbourg, France
- Correspondence: (T.F.B.); (J.L.); Tel.: +33-3-68-85-37-03 (T.F.B. & J.L.); Fax: +33-3-68-85-37-24 (T.F.B. & J.L.)
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7
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Sun S, Li Y, Han S, Jia H, Li X, Li X. A comprehensive genome-wide profiling comparison between HBV and HCV infected hepatocellular carcinoma. BMC Med Genomics 2019; 12:147. [PMID: 31660973 PMCID: PMC6819460 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-019-0580-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide, especially in East Asia. Even with the progress in therapy, 5-year survival rates remain unsatisfied. Chronic infection with the hepatitis B virus (HBV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV) has been epidemiologically associated with HCC and is the major etiology in the East Asian population. The detailed mechanism, especially the changes of DNA methylation and gene expression between the two types of virus-related HCC, and their contributions to the HCC development, metastasis, and recurrence remain largely unknown. METHODS In this integrated analysis, we characterized genome-scale profiles of HBV and HCV infected HCC by comparing their gene expression pattern, methylation profiles, and copy number variations from the publicly accessible data of The Cancer Genome Atlas Program (TCGA). RESULTS The HLA-A, STAT1, and OAS2 genes were highly enriched and up-regulated discovered in the HCV-infected HCC. Hypomethylation but not copy number variations might be the major factor for the up-regulation of these immune-related genes in HCV-infected HCC. CONCLUSIONS The results indicated the different epigenetic changes of HBV/HCV related hepatocarcinogenesis. The top up-regulated genes in HCV group were significantly clustered in the immune-related and defense response pathways. These findings will help us to understand the pathogenesis of HBV/HCV associated hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suofeng Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital Affiliated of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shuangyin Han
- Department of Gastroenterology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China
| | - Hongtao Jia
- Tianjia Genomes Tech CO, LTD., No. 6 Longquan Road, Anhui Chaohu economic develop zone, Hefei, 238014, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuling Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China.
| | - Xiaofang Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China.
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8
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Kondo Y, Kogure T, Ninomiya M, Fukuda R, Monma N, Ikeo K, Tanaka Y. The reduction of miR146b-5p in monocytes and T cells could contribute to the immunopathogenesis of hepatitis C virus infection. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13393. [PMID: 31527804 PMCID: PMC6746729 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49706-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been reported that various kinds of miRNAs could affect the pathogenesis of hepatitis C virus infection. Recently, our group reported that deep-sequencing analysis was useful to detect disease-specific miRNAs. The aim of this study is to identify the HCV-specific miRNAs that could contribute to the immunopathogenesis of HCV by using clinical samples and in vitro analysis. Five miRNAs (hsa-miR181a-2-3p, hsa-miR-374a-3p, hsa-miR374a-5p, hsa-miR-204-5p and hsa-miR146b-5p) were shown to be significantly downregulated in CH-C by deep sequence analysis. The average ratio (PBMCs miRNAs/serum miRNAs) of hsa-miR146b-5p was highest among all the miRNAs. Moreover, serum hsa-miR146b-5p was significantly down-regulated in CH-C patients in comparison to CH-B patients and healthy subjects. The expression of hsa-miR146b-5p in CD3+ T cells and CD14+ monocytes of CH-C patients was significantly lower than that of the other groups. The hsa-miR146b-5p expression in CD14+ monocytes of SVR patients treated with Peg-IFN/RBV was significantly higher than in those of non-SVR patients treated with Peg IFN/RBV. However, the hsa-miR146b-5p expression in CD14+ monocytes of SVR patients treated with DCV and ASV was comparable to that in monocytes of non-SVR patients treated with DCV and ASV. Moreover, the expression levels of hsa-miR146b-5p in CD14+ monocytes were significantly increased after achieving SVR and 1(OH)Vitamin D3 treatment. Further, the expression of HCV-Core could suppress miR146b-5p expression in immune cells and affect the expression of various kinds of cytokines by affecting the NF-κB signaling. In conclusion, the reduction of miR146b-5p in monocytes and T cells could contribute to the immunopathogenesis of hepatitis C virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuteru Kondo
- Department of Hepatology, Sendai Kousei Hospital, 4-15 Hirose, Aoba, Sendai City, Miyagi, Japan. .,Department of Virology & Liver unit, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kawasumi, Mizuho, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan.
| | - Takayuki Kogure
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Hospital, 1-1 Seiryo, Aoba, Sendai City, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Masashi Ninomiya
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Hospital, 1-1 Seiryo, Aoba, Sendai City, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Ryo Fukuda
- Department of Hepatology, Sendai Kousei Hospital, 4-15 Hirose, Aoba, Sendai City, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Norikazu Monma
- Center for information Biology, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan
| | - Kazuho Ikeo
- Center for information Biology, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Tanaka
- Department of Virology & Liver unit, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kawasumi, Mizuho, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan
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Shokri S, Mahmoudvand S, Taherkhani R, Farshadpour F, Jalalian FA. Complexity on modulation of NF-κB pathways by hepatitis B and C: A double-edged sword in hepatocarcinogenesis. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:14734-14742. [PMID: 30741410 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), a family of master regulated dimeric transcription factors, signaling transduction pathways are active players in the cell signaling that control vital cellular processes, including cell growth, proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, morphogenesis, angiogenesis, and immune responses. Nevertheless, aberrant regulation of the NF-κB signaling pathways has been associated with a significant number of human cancers. In fact, NF-κB acts as a double-edged sword in the vital cellular processes and carcinogenesis. This review provides an overview on the modulation of the NF-κB signaling pathways by proteins of hepatitis B and C viruses. One of the major NF-κB events that are modulated by these viruses is the induction of hepatocellular carcinoma. Given the central function of NF-κB in carcinogenesis, it has turned out to be a considerable therapeutic target for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Shokri
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Shahab Mahmoudvand
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Reza Taherkhani
- The Persian Gulf Tropical Medicine Research Center, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Farshadpour
- The Persian Gulf Tropical Medicine Research Center, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Farid Azizi Jalalian
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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10
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Couronné L, Bachy E, Roulland S, Nadel B, Davi F, Armand M, Canioni D, Michot JM, Visco C, Arcaini L, Besson C, Hermine O. From hepatitis C virus infection to B-cell lymphoma. Ann Oncol 2019; 29:92-100. [PMID: 29045541 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdx635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In addition to liver disorders, hepatitis C virus (HCV) is also associated with extrahepatic immune manifestations and B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), especially marginal zone lymphoma, de novo or transformed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and to a lesser extent, follicular lymphoma. Epidemiological data and clinical observations argue for an association between HCV and lymphoproliferative disorders. The causative role of HCV in NHL has been further supported by the response to antiviral therapy. Pathophysiological processes at stake leading from HCV infection to overt lymphoma still need to be further elucidated. Based on reported biological studies, several mechanisms of transformation seem however to emerge. A strong body of evidence supports the hypothesis of an indirect transformation mechanism by which sustained antigenic stimulation leads from oligoclonal to monoclonal expansion and sometimes to frank lymphoma, mostly of marginal zone subtype. By infecting lymphocytes, HCV could play a direct role in cellular transformation, particularly in de novo large B-cell lymphoma. Finally, HCV is associated with follicular lymphoma in a subset of patients. In this setting, it may be hypothesized that inflammatory cytokines stimulate proliferation and transformation of IgH-BCL2 clones that are increased during chronic HCV infection. Unraveling the pathogenesis of HCV-related B-cell lymphoproliferation is of prime importance to optimize therapeutic strategies, especially with the recent development of new direct-acting antiviral drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Couronné
- Department of Hematology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Necker Hospital, Paris, France.,INSERM UMR 1163, CNRS ERL 8254, Imagine Institute, Paris, France.,Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Paris, France
| | - E Bachy
- Cancer Research Center of Lyon, INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Lyon, France.,Department of Hematology, Lyon Sud Hospital, Lyon, France
| | - S Roulland
- Center of Immunology of Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - B Nadel
- Center of Immunology of Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - F Davi
- INSERM U1104, Marseille, France.,CNRS UMR 7280, Marseille, France.,Department of Hematology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Pierre et Marie Curie University, Paris, France
| | - M Armand
- INSERM U1104, Marseille, France.,CNRS UMR 7280, Marseille, France.,Department of Hematology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Pierre et Marie Curie University, Paris, France
| | - D Canioni
- Department of Pathology, Necker Hospital, AP-HP, Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Paris, France
| | - J M Michot
- Department of Hematology and Drug Development, Gustave Roussy Institute, Villejuif; France
| | - C Visco
- Department of Cell Therapy and Hematology, San Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza, Italy
| | - L Arcaini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,Departement of Hematology Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - C Besson
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Hospital of Versailles, Le Chesnay, France.,University of Versailles Saint Quentin en Yvelines, Paris-Saclay University, Communauté Paris-Saclay, Paris, France.,INSERM U1184, Center for Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - O Hermine
- Department of Hematology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Necker Hospital, Paris, France.,INSERM UMR 1163, CNRS ERL 8254, Imagine Institute, Paris, France.,Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Paris, France
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11
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Konstantinides P, Alexopoulou A, Hadziyannis E, Kanellopoulou T, Dourakis SP. Interleukin-17A and B-cell activating factor in chronic hepatitis C patients with or without asymptomatic mixed cryoglobulinemia: effects of antiviral treatment and correlations with vitamin D. Ann Gastroenterol 2018; 31:705-711. [PMID: 30386121 PMCID: PMC6191865 DOI: 10.20524/aog.2018.0310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have provided conflicting results regarding the immune responses in chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients with mixed cryoglobulinemia (MC). The importance of B-cell activating factor (BAFF) in MC has been described, but the role of interleukin (IL)-17A is less clear. METHODS Serum concentrations of IL-17A, BAFF and 25-OH vitamin D were measured in CHC patients at baseline, end of treatment, and 6 months post-treatment with pegylated interferon-α and ribavirin, versus 12 healthy controls. RESULTS Thirty-four patients (20 male, mean age 40.7±9.2 years, 12 of genotype 1 or 4, 22 of genotype 2 or 3) were included, of whom 64.7% achieved a sustained virological response (SVR). MC was detected in 52.9% of the patients. Higher levels of both cytokines were found in patients with MC compared to those without. Patients who achieved SVR had higher pretreatment IL-17A and lower BAFF levels compared to those without SVR. IL-17A was downregulated during and following treatment in responders, whereas upregulation was observed in non-responders. CHC patients demonstrated low vitamin D levels compared to HC. Moreover, the changes in IL-17A over the treatment period were significantly associated with vitamin D changes (β=-0.04, SE=0.02, P=0.046). No difference in IL-17A, BAFF and vitamin D values was seen between patients with cirrhosis (n=14) and those without. CONCLUSIONS CHC patients with asymptomatic MC have increased levels of IL-17A and BAFF. IL-17A levels decline significantly while BAFF increases during treatment in responders. An interplay between IL-17A and vitamin D concentrations was revealed during the antiviral treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polydoros Konstantinides
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine and Research Laboratory, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Alexandra Alexopoulou
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine and Research Laboratory, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Emilia Hadziyannis
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine and Research Laboratory, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Theoni Kanellopoulou
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine and Research Laboratory, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Spyridon P. Dourakis
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine and Research Laboratory, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration General Hospital, Athens, Greece
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12
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Pistoni M, Helsen N, Vanhove J, Boon R, Xu Z, Ordovas L, Verfaillie CM. Dynamic regulation of EZH2 from HPSc to hepatocyte-like cell fate. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186884. [PMID: 29091973 PMCID: PMC5665677 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, drug metabolization and toxicity studies rely on the use of primary human hepatocytes and hepatoma cell lines, which both have conceivable limitations. Human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs) are an alternative and valuable source of hepatocytes that can overcome these limitations. EZH2 (enhancer of zeste homolog 2), a transcriptional repressor of the polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), may play an important role in hepatocyte development, but its role during in vitro hPSC-HLC differentiation has not yet been assessed. We here demonstrate dynamic regulation of EZH2 during hepatic differentiation of hPSC. To enhance EZH2 expression, we inducibly overexpressed EZH2 between d0 and d8, demonstrating a significant improvement in definitive endoderm formation, and improved generation of HLCs. Despite induction of EZH2 overexpression until d8, EZH2 transcript and protein levels decreased from d4 onwards, which might be caused by expression of microRNAs predicted to inhibit EZH2 expression. In conclusion, our studies demonstrate that EZH2 plays a role in endoderm formation and hepatocyte differentiation, but its expression is tightly post-transcriptionally regulated during this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariaelena Pistoni
- KU Leuven—Department Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Institute (SCIL), Leuven, Belgium
- * E-mail:
| | - Nicky Helsen
- KU Leuven—Department Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Institute (SCIL), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jolien Vanhove
- KU Leuven—Department Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Institute (SCIL), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ruben Boon
- KU Leuven—Department Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Institute (SCIL), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Zhuofei Xu
- KU Leuven—Department Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Institute (SCIL), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Laura Ordovas
- KU Leuven—Department Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Institute (SCIL), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Catherine M. Verfaillie
- KU Leuven—Department Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Institute (SCIL), Leuven, Belgium
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13
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Kai Y, Hikita H, Morishita N, Murai K, Nakabori T, Iio S, Hagiwara H, Imai Y, Tamura S, Tsutsui S. Baseline quasispecies selection and novel mutations contribute to emerging resistance-associated substitutions in hepatitis C virus after direct-acting antiviral treatment. Sci Rep. 2017;7:41660. [PMID: 28134353 PMCID: PMC5278351 DOI: 10.1038/srep41660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance-associated substitutions (RASs) in hepatitis C virus (HCV) appear upon failure of treatment with direct-acting antivirals (DAAs). However, their origin has not been clarified in detail. Among 11 HCV genotype 1b patients who experienced virologic failure with asunaprevir (ASV)/daclatasvir (DCV), 10 had major NS5A L31M/V-Y93H variants after treatment. L31M/V-Y93H variants were detected as a minor clone before therapy in 6 patients and were the most closely related to the post-treatment variants by phylogenetic tree analysis in 4 patients. Next, to consider the involvement of a trace amount of pre-existing variants below the detection limit, we analysed human hepatocyte chimeric mice infected with DAA-naïve patient serum. L31V-Y93H variants emerged after treatment with ledipasvir (LDV)/GS-558093 (nucleotide NS5B inhibitor) and decreased under the detection limit, but these variants were dissimilar to the L31V-Y93H variants reappearing after ASV/DCV re-treatment. Finally, to develop an infection derived from a single HCV clone, we intrahepatically injected full-genome HCV RNA (engineered based on the wild-type genotype 1b sequence) into chimeric mice. A new Y93H mutation actually occurred in this model after LDV monotherapy failure. In conclusion, post-treatment RASs appear by 2 mechanisms: the selection of pre-existing substitutions among quasispecies and the generation of novel mutations during therapy.
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14
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Chen CL, Huang JY, Wang CH, Tahara SM, Zhou L, Kondo Y, Schechter J, Su L, Lai MMC, Wakita T, Cosset FL, Jung JU, Machida K. Hepatitis C virus has a genetically determined lymphotropism through co-receptor B7.2. Nat Commun 2017; 8:13882. [PMID: 28067225 PMCID: PMC5227552 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
B-cell infection by hepatitis C virus (HCV) has been a controversial topic. To examine whether HCV has a genetically determined lymphotropism through a co-receptor specific for the infection by lymphotropic HCV, we established an infectious clone and chimeric virus of hepatotropic and lymphotropic HCV strains derived from an HCV-positive B-cell lymphoma. The viral envelope and 5'-UTR sequences of the lymphotropic HCV strain were responsible for the lymphotropism. Silencing of the virus sensor, RIGI, or overexpression of microRNA-122 promoted persistent viral replication in B cells. By cDNA library screening, we identified an immune cell-specific, co-stimulatory receptor B7.2 (CD86) as a co-receptor of lymphotropic HCV. Infection of B cells by HCV inhibited the recall reaction to antigen stimulation. Together, a co-receptor B7.2 enabled lymphotropic HCV to infect memory B cells, leading to inhibition of memory B-cell function and persistent HCV infection in HCV-infected hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Lin Chen
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2011 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA
| | - Jeffrey Y. Huang
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2011 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA
| | - Chun-Hsiang Wang
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2011 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA
| | - Stanley M Tahara
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2011 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA
| | - Lin Zhou
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2011 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA
| | - Yasuteru Kondo
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2011 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA
| | - Joel Schechter
- Department of Cell and Neurobiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2011 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA
| | - Lishan Su
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7290, USA
| | - Michael M C. Lai
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2011 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Takaji Wakita
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - François-Loïc Cosset
- International Center for Infectiology Research, Team EVIR, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Univ Lyon, F-69007 Lyon, France
| | - Jae U Jung
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2011 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA
| | - Keigo Machida
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2011 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA
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15
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Kondo Y, Kimura O, Shimosegawa T. Significant biomarkers for the management of hepatocellular carcinoma. Clin J Gastroenterol 2015; 8:109-15. [PMID: 25855582 DOI: 10.1007/s12328-015-0568-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Surveillance of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is important for early detection. Imaging tests including computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasonography with or without various kinds of contrast medium are important options for detecting HCC. In addition to the imaging tests, various kinds of biomarkers including alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), lectin-bound AFP (AFP-L3) and protein induced by vitamin K absence or antagonist II (PIVKA-II) have been widely used to detect HCC and analyze treatment response. Recently, various kinds of novel biomarkers (proteins and miRNA) have been found to predict the malignancy potential of HCC and treatment response to specific therapies. Moreover, various combinations of well-established biomarkers and novel biomarkers have been tested to improve sensitivity and specificity. In practical terms, biomarkers that can be analyzed using peripheral blood samples might be more useful than immunohistochemical techniques. It has been reported that quantification of cytokines in peripheral blood and the analysis of peripheral immune subsets could be good biomarkers for managing HCC. Here, we describe the usefulness of and update well-established and novel biomarkers for the management of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuteru Kondo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Hospital, 1-1 Seiryo, Aoba, Sendai City, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan,
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16
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Sansonno D, Russi S, Sansonno S, Pavone F, Dammacco F. Thymic stromal lymphopoietin in hepatitis C virus-related cryoglobulinemic vasculitis: gene expression level and protein distribution. Arthritis Res Ther 2015; 17:62. [PMID: 25889007 PMCID: PMC4391143 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-015-0581-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection can be detected in virtually all patients with cryoglobulinemic vasculitis (CV). Among its many effects, the virus is able to stimulate the production of thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) by infected hepatocytes. In this study, we assessed the systemic levels and tissue distribution of TSLP in 60 chronically HCV-infected patients, 36 with and 24 without CV. Methods Serum TSLP levels were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. TSLP mRNA was assessed in patient samples by real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). TSLP protein in liver and skin biopsy samples was revealed by indirect immunofluorescence. All other methods were carried out according to standardized procedures. Results Serum TSLP levels were significantly higher in patients with than in those without CV and in healthy individuals. Higher TSLP levels paralleled specific mRNA expression and the up-regulation of TSLP protein in liver tissue. Compared with non-CV patients, higher TSLP levels in CV were accompanied by a higher frequency of circulating mono/oligoclonal B-cell expansions (8% vs. 92%, p < 0.0001) and a higher number of peripheral CD20+ B-cells (10.3% vs. 15.5% p = 0.04). In addition, TSLP mRNA expression in the liver of CV patients was lower than in their correspondent skin tissue and paralleled specific immune deposits of TSLP protein in keratinocytes. Conclusion Overall, this study shows that TSLP secreted by hepatocytes and keratinocytes of HCV-infected patients with CV is involved in the pathogenesis of vasculitis and may possibly support the therapeutic use of TSLP-targeted monoclonal antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Sansonno
- Liver Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, 11 Piazza G. Cesare, 70124, Bari, Italy.
| | - Sabino Russi
- Liver Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, 11 Piazza G. Cesare, 70124, Bari, Italy.
| | - Silvia Sansonno
- Institute of Internal Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia Medical School, 1 viale L. Pinto, 71122, Foggia, Italy.
| | - Fabio Pavone
- Liver Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, 11 Piazza G. Cesare, 70124, Bari, Italy.
| | - Franco Dammacco
- Liver Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, 11 Piazza G. Cesare, 70124, Bari, Italy.
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17
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Yang N, Sun Q, Xu Z, Wang X, Zhao X, Cao Y, Chen L, Fan G. LC-ESI-MS/MS analysis and pharmacokinetics of GP205, an innovative potent macrocyclic inhibitor of hepatitis C virus NS3/4A protease in rats. Molecules 2015; 20:4319-36. [PMID: 25756650 PMCID: PMC6272426 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20034319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2014] [Revised: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A high-throughput, sensitive and specific LC-ESI-MS/MS method was established for the quantitative determination of GP205, a potent inhibitor of hepatitis C virus NS3/4A protease, in rat. The analyte was isolated from 25 μL plasma sample by 96-well LLE. Good linearity was achieved within the concentration range of 2–5000 ng/mL (r2 > 0.996). The intra- and inter-day precision was less than 10%. The accuracy ranged from 0.8% to 5.5% for GP205 in quality control samples at three levels. GP205 was stable during the analysis and the storage period. The method was successfully applied to pharmacokinetic studies of GP205 in Sprague-Dawley rats. The pharmacokinetic profiles of GP205 at three dose levels with oral administration and one dose level with intravenous administration were successfully studied for the first time in SD rats, respectively. After single oral administration of GP205 at the doses of 2.5, 5, 10 mg/kg, respectively, Cmax and AUC0-τ were proportional to the doses given. The absolute bioavailability was estimated as 34% based on the AUCs of oral administration at the dose of 5 mg/kg and intravenous administration at the dose of 1 mg/kg. The data presented in this study provides useful information for further study for GP205.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolite Research, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Qiushi Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolite Research, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Zihua Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolite Research, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Xiuyun Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolite Research, Shanghai 200433, China.
- Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350108, China.
| | - Xin Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolite Research, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Yuqing Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolite Research, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Li Chen
- Ginkgo Pharma Co. Ltd., Suzhou 205125, China.
| | - Guorong Fan
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolite Research, Shanghai 200433, China.
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