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Meyers AM, Gnazzo F, Barrera ED, Nabatian T, Chan L, Beeler J. DIETARY REGULATION OF SILENT SYNAPSES IN THE DORSOLATERAL STRIATUM. bioRxiv 2024:2024.03.24.586457. [PMID: 38585967 PMCID: PMC10996560 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.24.586457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Obesity results in circuit adaptations that closely resemble those induced by drugs of abuse. AMPA-lacking 'silent' synapses are critical in circuit generation during early development, but largely disappear by adulthood. Drugs of abuse increase silent synapses during adulthood and may facilitate the reorganization of brain circuits around drug-related experience, facilitating addiction and relapse Whether obesity causes addiction-related synaptic circuit reorganization via alterations in silent synapse expression has not been examined. Using a dietary-induced obesity paradigm, we show that mice that chronically consumed high-fat diet (HFD) exhibit upregulated silent synapses in both direct and indirect pathway medium spiny neurons in the dorsolateral striatum. Both the onset of silent synapses and their re-silencing after HFD withdrawal occur on an extended time scale of weeks rather than days. Our data suggest that HFD-related silent synapses likely arise from AMPA receptor internalization rather than through de novo synaptogenesis of NR2B-containing NMDA receptors. These data demonstrate that chronic consumption of high-fat diet can alter mechanisms of circuit plasticity, likely facilitating neural reorganization analogous to that observed with drugs of abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison M Meyers
- Department of Psychology, Queens College, City University New York, Flushing, NY, USA
- Psychology Program, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Federico Gnazzo
- Department of Psychology, Queens College, City University New York, Flushing, NY, USA
| | - Eddy D Barrera
- Department of Psychology, Queens College, City University New York, Flushing, NY, USA
- Biology Program, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York NY, USA
| | - Tikva Nabatian
- Cognitive Neuroscience MS program, The Graduate Center, City University of New York NY, USA
| | - Larry Chan
- Department of Psychology, Queens College, City University New York, Flushing, NY, USA
| | - Jeff Beeler
- Department of Psychology, Queens College, City University New York, Flushing, NY, USA
- Psychology Program, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
- Biology Program, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York NY, USA
- Cognitive Neuroscience MS program, The Graduate Center, City University of New York NY, USA
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2
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Freeman-Striegel L, Hamilton J, Kannappan R, Bell T, Robison L, Thanos PK. Chronic Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol treatment has dose-dependent effects on open field exploratory behavior and [ 3H] SR141716A receptor binding in the rat brain. Life Sci 2023:121825. [PMID: 37270168 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Acute and chronic Δ9-THC exposure paradigms affect the body differently. More must be known about the impact of chronic Δ9-THC on cannabinoid-1 (CB1R) and mu-opioid (MOR) receptor levels in the brain. The present study examined chronic Δ9-THC's effects on CB1R and MOR levels and locomotor activity. MAIN METHODS Adolescent Sprague-Dawley rats were given daily intraperitoneal injections of Δ9-THC [0.75mg/kg (low dose or LD) or 2.0 mg/kg (high dose or HD)] or vehicle for 24 days, and locomotion in the open field was tested after the first and fourth weeks of chronic Δ9-THC exposure. Brains were harvested at the end of treatment. [3H] SR141716A and [3H] DAMGO autoradiography assessed CB1R and MOR levels, respectively. KEY FINDINGS Relative to each other, chronic HD rats showed reduced vertical plane (VP) entries and time, while LD rats had increased VP entries and time for locomotion, as assessed by open-field testing; no effects were found relative to the control. Autoradiography analyses showed that HD Δ9-THC significantly decreased CB1R binding relative to LD Δ9-THC in the cingulate (33%), primary motor (42%), secondary motor (33%) somatosensory (38%), rhinal (38%), and auditory (50%) cortices; LD Δ9-THC rats displayed elevated binding in the primary motor (33% increase) and hypothalamic (33 % increase) regions compared with controls. No significant differences were observed in MOR binding for the LD or HD compared to the control. SIGNIFICANCE These results demonstrate that chronic Δ9-THC dose-dependently altered CB1R levels throughout the brain and locomotor activity in the open field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lily Freeman-Striegel
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory on Addictions (BNNLA), Clinical Research Institute on Addictions, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - John Hamilton
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory on Addictions (BNNLA), Clinical Research Institute on Addictions, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America; Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Renuka Kannappan
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory on Addictions (BNNLA), Clinical Research Institute on Addictions, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Tyler Bell
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory on Addictions (BNNLA), Clinical Research Institute on Addictions, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Lisa Robison
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, United States of America
| | - Panayotis K Thanos
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory on Addictions (BNNLA), Clinical Research Institute on Addictions, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America; Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America.
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3
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Chen JF, Choi DS, Cunha RA. Striatopallidal adenosine A 2A receptor modulation of goal-directed behavior: Homeostatic control with cognitive flexibility. Neuropharmacology 2023; 226:109421. [PMID: 36634866 PMCID: PMC10132052 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Dysfunction of goal-directed behaviors under stressful or pathological conditions results in impaired decision-making and loss of flexibility of thoughts and behaviors, which underlie behavioral deficits ranging from depression, obsessive-compulsive disorders and drug addiction. Tackling the neuromodulators fine-tuning this core behavioral element may facilitate the development of effective strategies to control these deficits present in multiple psychiatric disorders. The current investigation of goal-directed behaviors has concentrated on dopamine and glutamate signaling in the corticostriatal pathway. In accordance with the beneficial effects of caffeine intake on mood and cognitive dysfunction, we now propose that caffeine's main site of action - adenosine A2A receptors (A2AR) - represent a novel target to homeostatically control goal-directed behavior and cognitive flexibility. A2AR are abundantly expressed in striatopallidal neurons and colocalize and interact with dopamine D2, NMDA and metabotropic glutamate 5 receptors to integrate dopamine and glutamate signaling. Specifically, striatopallidal A2AR (i) exert an overall "break" control of a variety of cognitive processes, making A2AR antagonists a novel strategy for improving goal-directed behavior; (ii) confer homeostatic control of goal-directed behavior by acting at multiple sites with often opposite effects, to enhance cognitive flexibility; (iii) integrate dopamine and adenosine signaling through multimeric A2AR-D2R heterocomplexes allowing a temporally precise fine-tuning in response to local signaling changes. As the U.S. Food and Drug Administration recently approved the A2AR antagonist Nourianz® (istradefylline) to treat Parkinson's disease, striatal A2AR-mediated control of goal-directed behavior may offer a new and real opportunity for improving deficits of goal-directed behavior and enhance cognitive flexibility under various neuropsychiatric conditions. This article is part of the Special Issue on "Purinergic Signaling: 50 years".
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang-Fan Chen
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China; Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Doo-Sup Choi
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA.
| | - Rodrigo A Cunha
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; FMUC-Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
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Yang R, Tuan RRL, Hwang FJ, Bloodgood DW, Kong D, Ding JB. Dichotomous regulation of striatal plasticity by dynorphin. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:434-447. [PMID: 36460726 PMCID: PMC10188294 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01885-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Modulation of corticostriatal plasticity alters the information flow throughout basal ganglia circuits and represents a fundamental mechanism for motor learning, action selection, and reward. Synaptic plasticity in the striatal direct- and indirect-pathway spiny projection neurons (dSPNs and iSPNs) is regulated by two distinct networks of GPCR signaling cascades. While it is well-known that dopamine D2 and adenosine A2a receptors bi-directionally regulate iSPN plasticity, it remains unclear how D1 signaling modulation of synaptic plasticity is counteracted by dSPN-specific Gi signaling. Here, we show that striatal dynorphin selectively suppresses long-term potentiation (LTP) through Kappa Opioid Receptor (KOR) signaling in dSPNs. Both KOR antagonism and conditional deletion of dynorphin in dSPNs enhance LTP counterbalancing with different levels of D1 receptor activation. Behaviorally, mice lacking dynorphin in D1 neurons show comparable motor behavior and reward-based learning, but enhanced flexibility during reversal learning. These findings support a model in which D1R and KOR signaling bi-directionally modulate synaptic plasticity and behavior in the direct pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renzhi Yang
- Biology Graduate Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Rupa R Lalchandani Tuan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Fuu-Jiun Hwang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Dong Kong
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jun B Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Stanford Bio-X, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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5
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Augustin SM, Lovinger DM. Synaptic changes induced by cannabinoid drugs and cannabis use disorder. Neurobiol Dis 2022; 167:105670. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Womack TR, Vollert CT, Ohia-Nwoko O, Schmitt M, Montazari S, Beckett TL, Mayerich D, Murphy MP, Eriksen JL. Prostacyclin Promotes Degenerative Pathology in a Model of Alzheimer’s Disease. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:769347. [PMID: 35197825 PMCID: PMC8860182 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.769347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that is the most common form of dementia in aged populations. A substantial amount of data demonstrates that chronic neuroinflammation can accelerate neurodegenerative pathologies. In AD, chronic neuroinflammation results in the upregulation of cyclooxygenase and increased production of prostaglandin H2, a precursor for many vasoactive prostanoids. While it is well-established that many prostaglandins can modulate the progression of neurodegenerative disorders, the role of prostacyclin (PGI2) in the brain is poorly understood. We have conducted studies to assess the effect of elevated prostacyclin biosynthesis in a mouse model of AD. Upregulated prostacyclin expression significantly worsened multiple measures associated with amyloid-β (Aβ) disease pathologies. Mice overexpressing both Aβ and PGI2 exhibited impaired learning and memory and increased anxiety-like behavior compared with non-transgenic and PGI2 control mice. PGI2 overexpression accelerated the development of Aβ accumulation in the brain and selectively increased the production of soluble Aβ42. PGI2 damaged the microvasculature through alterations in vascular length and branching; Aβ expression exacerbated these effects. Our findings demonstrate that chronic prostacyclin expression plays a novel and unexpected role that hastens the development of the AD phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasha R. Womack
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Craig T. Vollert
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Odochi Ohia-Nwoko
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Monika Schmitt
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Saghi Montazari
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Tina L. Beckett
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - David Mayerich
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Michael Paul Murphy
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Jason L. Eriksen
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
- *Correspondence: Jason L. Eriksen
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Bariselli S, Lovinger DM. Corticostriatal Circuit Models of Cognitive Impairments Induced by Fetal Exposure to Alcohol. Biol Psychiatry 2021; 90:516-528. [PMID: 34281711 PMCID: PMC8463431 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2021.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The term fetal alcohol spectrum disorder includes a group of diseases caused by fetal alcohol exposure (FAE). Patients with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder display heterogeneous socioemotional and cognitive deficits, particularly in the domain of executive function, that share symptoms with other neuropsychiatric disorders. Despite the availability of several preclinical models, the developmental brain defects causally linked to behavioral deficits induced by FAE remain poorly understood. Here, we first review the effects of FAE on corticostriatal development and its impact on both corticostriatal pathway function and cognitive abilities. We propose three non-mutually exclusive circuit models of corticostriatal dysfunctions to account for some of the FAE-induced cognitive deficits. One model posits that associative-sensorimotor imbalance causes hyper goal-directed behavior, and a second model implies that alteration of prefrontal-striatal behavioral suppression circuits results in loss of behavioral inhibition. A third model suggests that local striatal circuit deficits affect striatal neuronal ensemble function to impair action selection and performance. Finally, we discuss how preclinical approaches applied to these circuit models could offer potential rescue strategies for executive function deficits in patients with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastiano Bariselli
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), 5625 Fishers Lane, Bethesda, MD (20892-941),Center on Compulsive Behaviors, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - David M. Lovinger
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), 5625 Fishers Lane, Bethesda, MD (20892-941),Corresponding author:
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8
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Winters BL, Vaughan CW. Mechanisms of endocannabinoid control of synaptic plasticity. Neuropharmacology 2021; 197:108736. [PMID: 34343612 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The endogenous cannabinoid transmitter system regulates synaptic transmission throughout the nervous system. Unlike conventional transmitters, specific stimuli induce synthesis of endocannabinoids (eCBs) in the postsynaptic neuron, and these travel backwards to modulate presynaptic inputs. In doing so, eCBs can induce short-term changes in synaptic strength and longer-term plasticity. While this eCB regulation is near ubiquitous, it displays major regional and synapse specific variations with different synapse specific forms of short-versus long-term plasticity throughout the brain. These differences are due to the plethora of pre- and postsynaptic mechanisms which have been implicated in eCB signalling, the intricacies of which are only just being realised. In this review, we shall describe the current understanding and highlight new advances in this area, with a focus on the retrograde action of eCBs at CB1 receptors (CB1Rs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryony Laura Winters
- Pain Management Research Institute, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney at Royal North Shore Hospital, NSW, Australia.
| | - Christopher Walter Vaughan
- Pain Management Research Institute, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney at Royal North Shore Hospital, NSW, Australia
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9
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Speranza L, di Porzio U, Viggiano D, de Donato A, Volpicelli F. Dopamine: The Neuromodulator of Long-Term Synaptic Plasticity, Reward and Movement Control. Cells 2021; 10:735. [PMID: 33810328 PMCID: PMC8066851 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Dopamine (DA) is a key neurotransmitter involved in multiple physiological functions including motor control, modulation of affective and emotional states, reward mechanisms, reinforcement of behavior, and selected higher cognitive functions. Dysfunction in dopaminergic transmission is recognized as a core alteration in several devastating neurological and psychiatric disorders, including Parkinson's disease (PD), schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and addiction. Here we will discuss the current insights on the role of DA in motor control and reward learning mechanisms and its involvement in the modulation of synaptic dynamics through different pathways. In particular, we will consider the role of DA as neuromodulator of two forms of synaptic plasticity, known as long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD) in several cortical and subcortical areas. Finally, we will delineate how the effect of DA on dendritic spines places this molecule at the interface between the motor and the cognitive systems. Specifically, we will be focusing on PD, vascular dementia, and schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Speranza
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA;
| | - Umberto di Porzio
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics “Adriano Buzzati Traverso”, CNR, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Davide Viggiano
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Genetic Research Institute “Gaetano Salvatore”, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, IT and Biogem S.c.a.r.l., 83031 Ariano Irpino, Italy; (D.V.); (A.d.D.)
| | - Antonio de Donato
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Genetic Research Institute “Gaetano Salvatore”, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, IT and Biogem S.c.a.r.l., 83031 Ariano Irpino, Italy; (D.V.); (A.d.D.)
| | - Floriana Volpicelli
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy;
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Augustin SM, Loewinger GC, O'Neal TJ, Kravitz AV, Lovinger DM. Dopamine D2 receptor signaling on iMSNs is required for initiation and vigor of learned actions. Neuropsychopharmacology 2020; 45:2087-2097. [PMID: 32811899 PMCID: PMC7547091 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-020-00799-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Striatal dopamine D2 receptors (D2Rs) are important for motor output. Selective deletion of D2Rs from indirect pathway-projecting medium spiny neurons (iMSNs) impairs locomotor activities in a task-specific manner. However, the role of D2Rs in the initiation of motor actions in reward seeking and taking is not fully understood, and there is little information about how receptors contribute under different task demands and with different outcome types. The iMSN-D2Rs modulate neuronal activity and synaptic transmission, exerting control on circuit functions that may play distinct roles in action learning and performance. Selective deletion of D2Rs on iMSNs resulted in slower action initiation and response rate in an instrumental conditioning task, but only when performance demand was increased. The iMSN-Drd2KO mice were also slower to initiate swimming in a T-maze procedural learning task but were unimpaired in cognitive function and behavioral flexibility. In contrast, in a Pavlovian discrimination learning task, iMSN-Drd2KO mice exhibited normal acquisition and extinction of rewarded responding. The iMSN-Drd2KO mice showed performance deficits at all phases of rotarod skill learning. These findings reveal that dopamine modulation through iMSN-D2Rs influences the ability to self-initiate actions, as well as the willingness and/or vigor with which these responses are performed. However, these receptors seem to have little influence on simple associative learning or on stimulus-driven responding. The loss of normal D2R roles may contribute to disorders in which impaired dopamine signaling leads to hypokinesia or impaired initiation of specific voluntary actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shana M Augustin
- Laboratory for Integrative Neuroscience, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, 20852, USA
| | - Gabriel C Loewinger
- Laboratory for Integrative Neuroscience, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, 20852, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Timothy J O'Neal
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience and Center for Neurobiology of Addiction, Pain, and Emotion, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195, USA
| | - Alexxai V Kravitz
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Departments of Psychiatry, Anesthesiology, and Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, 63110, USA
| | - David M Lovinger
- Laboratory for Integrative Neuroscience, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, 20852, USA.
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11
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Augustin SM, Chancey JH, Lovinger DM. Dual Dopaminergic Regulation of Corticostriatal Plasticity by Cholinergic Interneurons and Indirect Pathway Medium Spiny Neurons. Cell Rep 2019; 24:2883-2893. [PMID: 30208314 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.08.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Endocannabinoid (eCB)-mediated long-term depression (LTD) requires dopamine (DA) D2 receptors (D2Rs) for eCB mobilization. The cellular locus of the D2Rs involved in LTD induction remains highly debated. We directly examined the role in LTD induction of D2Rs expressed by striatal cholinergic interneurons (Chls) and indirect pathway medium spiny neurons (iMSNs) using neuron-specific targeted deletion of D2Rs. Deletion of Chl-D2Rs (Chl-Drd2KO) impaired LTD induction in both subtypes of MSNs. LTD induction was restored in the Chl-Drd2KO mice by an M1-selective muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist. In contrast, after the deletion of iMSN-D2Rs (iMSN-Drd2KO), LTD induction was intact in MSNs. Separate interrogation of direct pathway and iMSNs revealed a deficit in LTD induction only at synapses onto iMSNs that lack D2Rs. LTD induction in iMSNs was restored by D2R agonist application. Our findings suggest that Chl D2Rs strongly modulate LTD induction in MSNs, with iMSN-D2Rs having a weaker, iMSN-specific, modulatory effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shana M Augustin
- Laboratory for Integrative Neuroscience, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - Jessica H Chancey
- Laboratory for Integrative Neuroscience, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - David M Lovinger
- Laboratory for Integrative Neuroscience, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Rockville, MD 20852, USA.
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Matikainen-Ankney BA, Kezunovic N, Menard C, Flanigan ME, Zhong Y, Russo SJ, Benson DL, Huntley GW. Parkinson's Disease-Linked LRRK2-G2019S Mutation Alters Synaptic Plasticity and Promotes Resilience to Chronic Social Stress in Young Adulthood. J Neurosci 2018; 38:9700-11. [PMID: 30249796 DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1457-18.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The G2019S mutation in leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) is a prevalent cause of late-onset Parkinson's disease, producing psychiatric and motor symptoms, including depression, that are indistinguishable from sporadic cases. Here we tested how this mutation impacts depression-related behaviors and associated synaptic responses and plasticity in mice expressing a Lrrk2-G2019S knock-in mutation. Young adult male G2019S knock-in and wild-type mice were subjected to chronic social defeat stress (CSDS), a validated depression model, and other tests of anhedonia, anxiety, and motor learning. We found that G2019S mice were highly resilient to CSDS, failing to exhibit social avoidance compared to wild-type mice, many of which exhibited prominent social avoidance and were thus susceptible to CSDS. In the absence of CSDS, no behavioral differences between genotypes were found. Whole-cell recordings of spiny projection neurons (SPNs) in the nucleus accumbens revealed that glutamatergic synapses in G2019S mice lacked functional calcium-permeable AMPARs, and following CSDS, failed to accumulate inwardly rectifying AMPAR responses characteristic of susceptible mice. Based on this abnormal AMPAR response profile, we asked whether long-term potentiation (LTP) of corticostriatal synaptic strength was affected. We found that both D1 receptor (D1R)- and D2R-SPNs in G2019S mutants were unable to express LTP, with D2R-SPNs abnormally expressing long-term depression following an LTP-induction protocol. Thus, G2019S promotes resilience to chronic social stress in young adulthood, likely reflecting synapses constrained in their ability to undergo experience-dependent plasticity. These unexpected findings may indicate early adaptive coping mechanisms imparted by the G2019S mutation.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The G2019S mutation in LRRK2 causes late-onset Parkinson's disease (PD). LRRK2 is highly expressed in striatal neurons throughout life, but it is unclear how mutant LRRK2 affects striatal neuron function and behaviors in young adulthood. We addressed this question using Lrrk2-G2019S knock-in mice. The data show that young adult G2019S mice were unusually resilient to a depression-like syndrome resulting from chronic social stress. Further, mutant striatal synapses were incapable of forms of synaptic plasticity normally accompanying depression-like behavior and important for supporting the full range of cognitive function. These data suggest that in humans, LRRK2 mutation may affect striatal circuit function in ways that alter normal responses to stress and could be relevant for treatment strategies for non-motor PD symptoms.
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Abstract
The endocannabinoid (eCB) signaling system plays a key role in short-term and long-term synaptic plasticity in brain regions involved in various neural functions ranging from action selection to appetite control. This review will explore the role of eCBs in shaping neural circuit function to regulate behaviors. In particular, we will discuss the behavioral consequences of eCB mediated long-term synaptic plasticity in different brain regions. This review brings together evidence from in vitro and ex vivo studies and points out the need for more in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shana M. Augustin
- Laboratory for Integrative Neuroscience, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20852, United States
| | - David M. Lovinger
- Laboratory for Integrative Neuroscience, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20852, United States
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14
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Blackwell KT, Salinas AG, Tewatia P, English B, Hellgren Kotaleski J, Lovinger DM. Molecular mechanisms underlying striatal synaptic plasticity: relevance to chronic alcohol consumption and seeking. Eur J Neurosci 2018; 49:768-783. [PMID: 29602186 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The striatum, the input structure of the basal ganglia, is a major site of learning and memory for goal-directed actions and habit formation. Spiny projection neurons of the striatum integrate cortical, thalamic, and nigral inputs to learn associations, with cortico-striatal synaptic plasticity as a learning mechanism. Signaling molecules implicated in synaptic plasticity are altered in alcohol withdrawal, which may contribute to overly strong learning and increased alcohol seeking and consumption. To understand how interactions among signaling molecules produce synaptic plasticity, we implemented a mechanistic model of signaling pathways activated by dopamine D1 receptors, acetylcholine receptors, and glutamate. We use our novel, computationally efficient simulator, NeuroRD, to simulate stochastic interactions both within and between dendritic spines. Dopamine release during theta burst and 20-Hz stimulation was extrapolated from fast-scan cyclic voltammetry data collected in mouse striatal slices. Our results show that the combined activity of several key plasticity molecules correctly predicts the occurrence of either LTP, LTD, or no plasticity for numerous experimental protocols. To investigate spatial interactions, we stimulate two spines, either adjacent or separated on a 20-μm dendritic segment. Our results show that molecules underlying LTP exhibit spatial specificity, whereas 2-arachidonoylglycerol exhibits a spatially diffuse elevation. We also implement changes in NMDA receptors, adenylyl cyclase, and G protein signaling that have been measured following chronic alcohol treatment. Simulations under these conditions suggest that the molecular changes can predict changes in synaptic plasticity, thereby accounting for some aspects of alcohol use disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim T Blackwell
- The Krasnow Institute for Advanced Study, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - Armando G Salinas
- The Krasnow Institute for Advanced Study, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA.,National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Parul Tewatia
- Science for Life Laboratory, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Brad English
- The Krasnow Institute for Advanced Study, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - Jeanette Hellgren Kotaleski
- Science for Life Laboratory, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - David M Lovinger
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, USA
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15
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Picconi B, De Leonibus E, Calabresi P. Synaptic plasticity and levodopa-induced dyskinesia: electrophysiological and structural abnormalities. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2018; 125:1263-1271. [PMID: 29492662 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-018-1864-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons located in the midbrain. The gold-standard therapy for PD is the restoration of dopamine (DA) levels through the chronic administration of the DA precursor levodopa (L-DOPA). Although levodopa therapy is the main therapeutic approach for PD, its use is limited by the development of very disabling dyskinetic movements, mainly due to the fluctuation of DA cerebral content. Experimental animal models of PD identified in DA D1/ERK-signaling pathway aberrant activation, occurring in striatal projection neurons, coupled with structural spines abnormalities, the molecular and neuronal basis of L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LIDs) occurrence. Different electrophysiological approaches allowed the identification of the alteration of homeostatic structural and synaptic changes, the neuronal bases of LIDs either in vivo in parkinsonian patients or in vitro in experimental animals. Here, we report the most recent studies showing electrophysiological and morphological evidence of aberrant synaptic plasticity in parkinsonian patients during LIDs in different basal ganglia nuclei and also in cortical transmission, accounting for the complexity of the synaptic changes during dyskinesias. All together, these studies suggest that LIDs are associated with a loss of homeostatic synaptic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Picconi
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia c/o CERC, via del Fosso di Fiorano 64, 00143, Rome, Italy.
| | - Elvira De Leonibus
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics (IGB), National Research Council, Naples, Italy
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Telethon Foundation, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Paolo Calabresi
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia c/o CERC, via del Fosso di Fiorano 64, 00143, Rome, Italy
- Clinica Neurologica, Università degli studi di Perugia, Ospedale Santa Maria della Misericordia, S. Andrea delle Fratte, 06156, Perugia, Italy
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16
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Abstract
Five years ago, we introduced the thrift hypothesis of dopamine (DA), suggesting that the primary role of DA in adaptive behavior is regulating behavioral energy expenditure to match the prevailing economic conditions of the environment. Here we elaborate that hypothesis with several new ideas. First, we introduce the concept of affordability, suggesting that costs must necessarily be evaluated with respect to the availability of resources to the organism, which computes a value not only for the potential reward opportunity, but also the value of resources expended. Placing both costs and benefits within the context of the larger economy in which the animal is functioning requires consideration of the different timescales against which to compute resource availability, or average reward rate. Appropriate windows of computation for tracking resources requires corresponding neural substrates that operate on these different timescales. In discussing temporal patterns of DA signaling, we focus on a neglected form of DA plasticity and adaptation, changes in the physical substrate of the DA system itself, such as up- and down-regulation of receptors or release probability. We argue that changes in the DA substrate itself fundamentally alter its computational function, which we propose mediates adaptations to longer temporal horizons and economic conditions. In developing our hypothesis, we focus on DA D2 receptors (D2R), arguing that D2R implements a form of “cost control” in response to the environmental economy, serving as the “brain’s comptroller”. We propose that the balance between the direct and indirect pathway, regulated by relative expression of D1 and D2 DA receptors, implements affordability. Finally, as we review data, we discuss limitations in current approaches that impede fully investigating the proposed hypothesis and highlight alternative, more semi-naturalistic strategies more conducive to neuroeconomic investigations on the role of DA in adaptive behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff A Beeler
- Department of Psychology, Queens College, City University of New York, New York, NY, United States.,CUNY Neuroscience Consortium, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, United States
| | - Devry Mourra
- Department of Psychology, Queens College, City University of New York, New York, NY, United States.,CUNY Neuroscience Consortium, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, United States
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17
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Padovan-Neto FE, West AR. Regulation of Striatal Neuron Activity by Cyclic Nucleotide Signaling and Phosphodiesterase Inhibition: Implications for the Treatment of Parkinson's Disease. Adv Neurobiol 2018; 17:257-283. [PMID: 28956336 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-58811-7_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE) enzymes catalyze the hydrolysis and inactivation of cyclic nucleotides (cAMP/cGMP) in the brain. Several classes of PDE enzymes with distinct tissue distributions, cyclic nucleotide selectivity, and regulatory factors are highly expressed in brain regions subserving cognitive and motor processes known to be disrupted in neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease (PD). Furthermore, small-molecule inhibitors of several different PDE family members alter cyclic nucleotide levels and favorably enhance motor performance and cognition in animal disease models. This chapter will explore the roles and therapeutic potential of non-selective and selective PDE inhibitors on neural processing in fronto-striatal circuits in normal animals and models of DOPA-induced dyskinesias (LIDs) associated with PD. The impact of selective PDE inhibitors and augmentation of cAMP and cGMP signaling on the membrane excitability of striatal medium-sized spiny projection neurons (MSNs) will be discussed. The effects of cyclic nucleotide signaling and PDE inhibitors on synaptic plasticity of striatonigral and striatopallidal MSNs will be also be reviewed. New data on the efficacy of PDE10A inhibitors for reversing behavioral and electrophysiological correlates of L-DOPA-induced dyskinesias in a rat model of PD will also be presented. Together, these data will highlight the potential of novel PDE inhibitors for treatment of movement disorders such as PD which are associated with abnormal corticostriatal transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando E Padovan-Neto
- Department of Neuroscience, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, 3333 Green Bay Road, North Chicago, IL, 60064, USA.
| | - Anthony R West
- Department of Neuroscience, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, 3333 Green Bay Road, North Chicago, IL, 60064, USA.
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18
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Xia J, Meyers AM, Beeler JA. Chronic Nicotine Alters Corticostriatal Plasticity in the Striatopallidal Pathway Mediated By NR2B-Containing Silent Synapses. Neuropsychopharmacology 2017; 42:2314-2324. [PMID: 28462940 PMCID: PMC5645753 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2017.87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2016] [Revised: 04/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Smoking is the leading cause of preventable death in the United States and success rates for quitting remain low. High relapse rates are attributed to pervasive nicotine-reinforced associative learning of incentive cues that is highly resistant to extinction. Why such learning is so persistent is poorly understood but may arise as a consequence of neuroadaptations in synaptic plasticity induced by chronic nicotine. We used whole-cell patch clamp recording to investigate the effect of chronic nicotine (cNIC) on synaptic plasticity in dopamine D2 receptor-expressing medium-spiny neurons in the indirect, striatopallidal pathway in dorsolateral striatum. Mice exposed to cNIC exhibited long-term potentiation in response to high-frequency stimulation instead of the expected depression. cNIC decreased baseline AMPA/NMDA ratio, arising from increased NMDA currents enriched in the NR2B subunit with a concomitant upregulation of NMDA-only, silent synapses. These data demonstrate that cNIC can increase silent synapses in MSNs, as observed with cocaine and opiates, and alter the regulation of corticostriatal plasticity. Prior work has characterized cocaine- and morphine-induced upregulation of silent synapses in the ventral striatum; we show it can occur in the dorsal striatum, a region associated with later stages of addiction, craving, and cue-induced relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxun Xia
- Department of Psychology, Queens College and The Graduate Center, City University of New York, Flushing, NY, USA
| | - Allison M Meyers
- Department of Psychology, Queens College and The Graduate Center, City University of New York, Flushing, NY, USA
| | - Jeff A Beeler
- Department of Psychology, Queens College and The Graduate Center, City University of New York, Flushing, NY, USA,Department of Psychology, Queens College and The Graduate Center, CUNY, 65-30 Kissena Blvd, Queens, NY 11367, USA, Tel: +718 570 0517, Fax: +773 793 2588, E-mail:
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19
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Vajdi-Hokmabad R, Ziaee M, Sadigh-Eteghad S, Sandoghchian Shotorbani S, Mahmoudi J. Modafinil Improves Catalepsy in a Rat 6-Hydroxydopamine Model of Parkinson's Disease; Possible Involvement of Dopaminergic Neurotransmission. Adv Pharm Bull 2017; 7:359-365. [PMID: 29071217 PMCID: PMC5651056 DOI: 10.15171/apb.2017.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Modafinil is a vigilance-enhancing drug licensed for narcolepsy. The use of modafinil leads to various neuromodulatory effects with very low abuse potential. A body of evidence suggested that modafinil may have anti-parkinsonian effects. This study was designed to evaluate whether modafinil could improve motor dysfunction in the 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced rat model of Parkinson’s disease. Methods: Male Wistar rats (180-220 g, n= 98) were used in this study. Parkinsonism was induced by injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (10 μg/2μl in 0.2 % ascorbic acid-saline) into the right striatum. Parkinsonian rats received intraperitoneal (ip) injections of modafinil (50, 75, and 100 mg/kg) and catalepsy-like immobility was assessed by the bar test (BT). Furthermore, involvement of dopamine D1 and D2 receptors in modafinil’s anti-parkinsonian effects was studied. For this purpose, parkinsonian animals were pretreated with SCH23390 and raclopride (the dopamine D1 and D2 receptor anatgonists, respectively) or SCH23390 + raclopride, and then assessed by the BT. Results: Modafinil (100 mg/kg) showed anti-cataleptic effects in the BT. Notably, the effect of modafinil in the BT was reversed in parkinsonian rats pretreated with raclopride (1.25 mg/kg) and/or SCH23390 + raclopride (0.75 and 1.25 mg/kg, respectively), but not in those pretreated with SCH23390 (0.75 mg/kg). Conclusion: Acute administration of modafinil improves 6-OHDA-induced motor impairment possibly through activation of dopamine D2 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Vajdi-Hokmabad
- Department of veterinary, Miyaneh branch, Islamic Azad University, Miyaneh, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Ziaee
- Medicinal Plant Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran
| | - Saeed Sadigh-Eteghad
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Javad Mahmoudi
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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20
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Koranda JL, Krok AC, Xu J, Contractor A, McGehee DS, Beeler JA, Zhuang X. Chronic Nicotine Mitigates Aberrant Inhibitory Motor Learning Induced by Motor Experience under Dopamine Deficiency. J Neurosci 2016; 36:5228-40. [PMID: 27170121 DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2754-15.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Although dopamine receptor antagonism has long been associated with impairments in motor performance, more recent studies have shown that dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) antagonism, paired with a motor task, not only impairs motor performance concomitant with the pharmacodynamics of the drug, but also impairs future motor performance once antagonism has been relieved. We have termed this phenomenon "aberrant motor learning" and have suggested that it may contribute to motor symptoms in movement disorders such as Parkinson's disease (PD). Here, we show that chronic nicotine (cNIC), but not acute nicotine, treatment mitigates the acquisition of D2R-antagonist-induced aberrant motor learning in mice. Although cNIC mitigates D2R-mediated aberrant motor learning, cNIC has no effect on D1R-mediated motor learning. β2-containing nicotinic receptors in dopamine neurons likely mediate the protective effect of cNIC against aberrant motor learning, because selective deletion of β2 nicotinic subunits in dopamine neurons reduced D2R-mediated aberrant motor learning. Finally, both cNIC treatment and β2 subunit deletion blunted postsynaptic responses to D2R antagonism. These results suggest that a chronic decrease in function or a downregulation of β2-containing nicotinic receptors protects the striatal network against aberrant plasticity and aberrant motor learning induced by motor experience under dopamine deficiency. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Increasingly, aberrant plasticity and aberrant learning are recognized as contributing to the development and progression of movement disorders. Here, we show that chronic nicotine (cNIC) treatment or specific deletion of β2 nicotinic receptor subunits in dopamine neurons mitigates aberrant motor learning induced by dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) blockade in mice. Moreover, both manipulations also reduced striatal dopamine release and blunt postsynaptic responses to D2R antagonists. These results suggest that chronic downregulation of function and/or receptor expression of β2-containing nicotinic receptors alters presynaptic and postsynaptic striatal signaling to protect against aberrant motor learning. Moreover, these results suggest that cNIC treatment may alleviate motor symptoms and/or delay the deterioration of motor function in movement disorders by blocking aberrant motor learning.
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21
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Jędrzejewska-Szmek J, Damodaran S, Dorman DB, Blackwell KT. Calcium dynamics predict direction of synaptic plasticity in striatal spiny projection neurons. Eur J Neurosci 2016; 45:1044-1056. [PMID: 27233469 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The striatum is a major site of learning and memory formation for sensorimotor and cognitive association. One of the mechanisms used by the brain for memory storage is synaptic plasticity - the long-lasting, activity-dependent change in synaptic strength. All forms of synaptic plasticity require an elevation in intracellular calcium, and a common hypothesis is that the amplitude and duration of calcium transients can determine the direction of synaptic plasticity. The utility of this hypothesis in the striatum is unclear in part because dopamine is required for striatal plasticity and in part because of the diversity in stimulation protocols. To test whether calcium can predict plasticity direction, we developed a calcium-based plasticity rule using a spiny projection neuron model with sophisticated calcium dynamics including calcium diffusion, buffering and pump extrusion. We utilized three spike timing-dependent plasticity (STDP) induction protocols, in which postsynaptic potentials are paired with precisely timed action potentials and the timing of such pairing determines whether potentiation or depression will occur. Results show that despite the variation in calcium dynamics, a single, calcium-based plasticity rule, which explicitly considers duration of calcium elevations, can explain the direction of synaptic weight change for all three STDP protocols. Additional simulations show that the plasticity rule correctly predicts the NMDA receptor dependence of long-term potentiation and the L-type channel dependence of long-term depression. By utilizing realistic calcium dynamics, the model reveals mechanisms controlling synaptic plasticity direction, and shows that the dynamics of calcium, not just calcium amplitude, are crucial for synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sriraman Damodaran
- The Krasnow Institute for Advanced Study, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, 22030, USA
| | - Daniel B Dorman
- The Krasnow Institute for Advanced Study, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, 22030, USA
| | - Kim T Blackwell
- The Krasnow Institute for Advanced Study, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, 22030, USA
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22
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Shen W, Plotkin JL, Francardo V, Ko WKD, Xie Z, Li Q, Fieblinger T, Wess J, Neubig RR, Lindsley CW, Conn PJ, Greengard P, Bezard E, Cenci MA, Surmeier DJ. M4 Muscarinic Receptor Signaling Ameliorates Striatal Plasticity Deficits in Models of L-DOPA-Induced Dyskinesia. Neuron 2016; 88:762-73. [PMID: 26590347 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2015.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Revised: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
A balanced interaction between dopaminergic and cholinergic signaling in the striatum is critical to goal-directed behavior. But how this interaction modulates corticostriatal synaptic plasticity underlying learned actions remains unclear--particularly in direct-pathway spiny projection neurons (dSPNs). Our studies show that in dSPNs, endogenous cholinergic signaling through M4 muscarinic receptors (M4Rs) promoted long-term depression of corticostriatal glutamatergic synapses, by suppressing regulator of G protein signaling type 4 (RGS4) activity, and blocked D1 dopamine receptor dependent long-term potentiation (LTP). Furthermore, in a mouse model of L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA)-induced dyskinesia (LID) in Parkinson's disease (PD), boosting M4R signaling with positive allosteric modulator (PAM) blocked aberrant LTP in dSPNs, enabled LTP reversal, and attenuated dyskinetic behaviors. An M4R PAM also was effective in a primate LID model. Taken together, these studies identify an important signaling pathway controlling striatal synaptic plasticity and point to a novel pharmacological strategy for alleviating LID in PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixing Shen
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Joshua L Plotkin
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Veronica Francardo
- Basal Ganglia Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Wai Kin D Ko
- Université de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; Motac Neuroscience, Manchester M13 9XX, UK
| | - Zhong Xie
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Qin Li
- Motac Neuroscience, Manchester M13 9XX, UK
| | - Tim Fieblinger
- Basal Ganglia Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Jürgen Wess
- Molecular Signaling Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Richard R Neubig
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Craig W Lindsley
- Department of Pharmacology and Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - P Jeffrey Conn
- Department of Pharmacology and Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Paul Greengard
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Erwan Bezard
- Université de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; Motac Neuroscience, Manchester M13 9XX, UK
| | - M Angela Cenci
- Basal Ganglia Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - D James Surmeier
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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23
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Nair AG, Gutierrez-Arenas O, Eriksson O, Vincent P, Hellgren Kotaleski J. Sensing Positive versus Negative Reward Signals through Adenylyl Cyclase-Coupled GPCRs in Direct and Indirect Pathway Striatal Medium Spiny Neurons. J Neurosci 2015; 35:14017-30. [PMID: 26468202 DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0730-15.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Transient changes in striatal dopamine (DA) concentration are considered to encode a reward prediction error (RPE) in reinforcement learning tasks. Often, a phasic DA change occurs concomitantly with a dip in striatal acetylcholine (ACh), whereas other neuromodulators, such as adenosine (Adn), change slowly. There are abundant adenylyl cyclase (AC) coupled GPCRs for these neuromodulators in striatal medium spiny neurons (MSNs), which play important roles in plasticity. However, little is known about the interaction between these neuromodulators via GPCRs. The interaction between these transient neuromodulator changes and the effect on cAMP/PKA signaling via Golf- and Gi/o-coupled GPCR are studied here using quantitative kinetic modeling. The simulations suggest that, under basal conditions, cAMP/PKA signaling could be significantly inhibited in D1R+ MSNs via ACh/M4R/Gi/o and an ACh dip is required to gate a subset of D1R/Golf-dependent PKA activation. Furthermore, the interaction between ACh dip and DA peak, via D1R and M4R, is synergistic. In a similar fashion, PKA signaling in D2+ MSNs is under basal inhibition via D2R/Gi/o and a DA dip leads to a PKA increase by disinhibiting A2aR/Golf, but D2+ MSNs could also respond to the DA peak via other intracellular pathways. This study highlights the similarity between the two types of MSNs in terms of high basal AC inhibition by Gi/o and the importance of interactions between Gi/o and Golf signaling, but at the same time predicts differences between them with regard to the sign of RPE responsible for PKA activation. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Dopamine transients are considered to carry reward-related signal in reinforcement learning. An increase in dopamine concentration is associated with an unexpected reward or salient stimuli, whereas a decrease is produced by omission of an expected reward. Often dopamine transients are accompanied by other neuromodulatory signals, such as acetylcholine and adenosine. We highlight the importance of interaction between acetylcholine, dopamine, and adenosine signals via adenylyl-cyclase coupled GPCRs in shaping the dopamine-dependent cAMP/PKA signaling in striatal neurons. Specifically, a dopamine peak and an acetylcholine dip must interact, via D1 and M4 receptor, and a dopamine dip must interact with adenosine tone, via D2 and A2a receptor, in direct and indirect pathway neurons, respectively, to have any significant downstream PKA activation.
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