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Malkamäki S, Näreaho A, Oksanen A, Sukura A. Berries as a potential transmission vehicle for taeniid eggs. Parasitol Int 2019; 70:58-63. [PMID: 30711641 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2019.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Potential role of wild forest berries as a transmission vehicle for taeniid eggs was examined using non-zoonotic Taenia laticollis eggs as a model. The berries studied were bilberries (Vaccinium myrtillus) (1 m2 plot, n = 10) and lingonberries (Vaccinium vitis-idaea) (1 m2 plot, n = 11). The plots in the managed forest were evenly sprayed with 30,000 or 60,000 T. laticollis eggs suspended in water, and berries were collected 24 h after spraying. The berries were rinsed with water, and the water was sieved through a 1-mm and a 63-μm sieve to remove coarse material and through a 20-μm sieve to collect possible eggs. A small proportion of the sieved material was examined by microscopy after treatment with fluorescent Calcofluor White stain, which binds to eggshell chitin. In the recovery tests in artificially spiked samples, the detection limit was 5 eggs in 100 g of commercial frozen bilberries and lingonberries. Taeniid eggs were detected in all of the 10 experimentally contaminated bilberry samples and in 10 of 11 lingonberry samples. The sieved debris was also analyzed for T. laticollis DNA using semi-quantitative PCR. All samples were positive in quantitative SYBR Green real-time PCR using a T. laticollis-specific primer pair amplifying a short fragment of mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 gene. This indicates that forest berries contaminated in shrubs contained T. laticollis eggs, and that berries can serve as a vehicle for taeniid eggs and may pose a possible risk to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanna Malkamäki
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki (FINPAR), Finland.
| | - Anu Näreaho
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki (FINPAR), Finland
| | - Antti Oksanen
- Finnish Food Safety Authority Evira (FINPAR), Oulu, Finland
| | - Antti Sukura
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki (FINPAR), Finland
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Islam MA, Torigoe D, Kameda Y, Irie T, Kouguchi H, Nakao R, Masum MA, Ichii O, Kon Y, Tag-El-Din-Hassan HT, Morimatsu M, Yagi K, Agui T. Analysis for genetic loci controlling protoscolex development in the Echinococcus multilocularis infection using congenic mice. Infect Genet Evol 2018; 65:65-71. [PMID: 30030204 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2018.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The resistance/susceptibility to Echinococcus multilocularis infection in mice is genetically controlled. However, genetic factors responsible for these differences remain unknown. Our previous study in genetic linkage analysis has revealed that there is a significant quantitative trait locus (QTL) for the establishment of cyst (Emcys1), and a highly significant QTL for the development of protoscolex of E. multilocularis larvae (Empsc1), on mouse chromosomes 6 and 1, respectively. The current study aimed to confirm these QTLs and narrow down the critical genetic region that controls resistance/susceptibility to E. multilocularis infection by establishing congenic and subcongenic lines from C57BL/6 (B6) and DBA/2 (D2) mice. For protoscolex development phenotype, two congenic lines, B6.D2-Empsc1 and D2.B6-Empsc1 were developed, where responsible QTL, Empsc1 was introgressed from D2 into B6 background and vice versa. For cyst establishment phenotype, two congenic lines, B6.D2-Emcys1 and D2.B6-Emcys1 were developed, where responsible QTL, Emcys1 was introgressed from D2 into B6 background and vice versa. Because there was no significant difference in cyst establishment between B6.D2-Emcys1 and D2.B6-Emcys1 mice after challenge with E. multilocularis, it is suggested that the Emcys1 does not solely control the cyst establishment in mouse liver. However, infection experiments with B6.D2-Empsc1 and D2.B6-Empsc1 mice showed a significant difference in protoscolex development in the cyst. It confirms that the Empsc1 controls phenotype of the protoscolex development in the cyst. Subsequently, two subcongenic lines, B6.D2-Empsc1.1 and B6.D2-Empsc1.2 from B6.D2-Emcys1 and one subcongenic line, D2.B6-Empsc1.1 from D2.B6-Empsc1 were developed to narrow down the critical region responsible for protoscolex development. From the results of infection experiments with E. multilocularis in these subcongenic mice, it is concluded that a gene responsible for protoscolex development is located between D1Mit290 (68.1 cM) and D1Mit511 (97.3 cM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Atiqul Islam
- Laboratory of Laboratory Animal Science and Medicine, Department of Applied Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
| | - Daisuke Torigoe
- Laboratory of Laboratory Animal Science and Medicine, Department of Applied Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
| | - Yayoi Kameda
- Laboratory of Laboratory Animal Science and Medicine, Department of Applied Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
| | - Takao Irie
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hokkaido Institute of Public Health, Sapporo 060-0819, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Kouguchi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hokkaido Institute of Public Health, Sapporo 060-0819, Japan
| | - Ryo Nakao
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Disease Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
| | - Md Abdul Masum
- Laboratory of Anatomy, Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
| | - Osamu Ichii
- Laboratory of Anatomy, Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kon
- Laboratory of Anatomy, Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
| | - Hassan T Tag-El-Din-Hassan
- Laboratory of Laboratory Animal Science and Medicine, Department of Applied Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan; Poultry Production Department, Mansour University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.; Laboratory of Laboratory Animal Science and Medicine, Department of Applied Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
| | - Masami Morimatsu
- Laboratory of Laboratory Animal Science and Medicine, Department of Applied Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan; Laboratory of Laboratory Animal Science and Medicine, Department of Applied Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
| | - Kinpei Yagi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hokkaido Institute of Public Health, Sapporo 060-0819, Japan
| | - Takashi Agui
- Laboratory of Laboratory Animal Science and Medicine, Department of Applied Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan; Laboratory of Laboratory Animal Science and Medicine, Department of Applied Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan.
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Cooper AJR, Dholakia S, Holland CV, Friend PJ. Helminths in organ transplantation. Lancet Infect Dis 2017; 17:e166-e176. [PMID: 28233632 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(16)30533-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Revised: 11/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
With transplantation becoming an increasingly routine form of treatment for diverse populations, and with international travel becoming ever more accessible and affordable, the danger of transplantation-mediated helminth infections, exacerbated by coincident immunosuppression, must be considered. In this Review, we attempt to catalogue all clinically-relevant helminthiases that have been reported to coincide with transplantation, whether by transplantation-mediated transmission, reactivation of latent infections in an immunosuppressed context, or possible de-novo infection during the immunosuppressed peritransplant period. Helminthiasis has been reported in cases of kidney, liver, bowel, pancreas, heart, lung, and stem-cell transplant, and blood transfusion. For each helminthiasis, known risk factors, symptoms, and suggested options for screening and treatment are given. We conclude that helminths are a small but important and potentially severe source of disease after transplantation, and, with options for diagnosis and treatment, these pathogens warrant greater consideration during organ implantation. The achievement of immunological tolerance using helminth-derived products is also an exciting future prospect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J R Cooper
- Department of Zoology, School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Shamik Dholakia
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences and Oxford Transplant Centre, University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Celia V Holland
- Department of Zoology, School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Peter J Friend
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences and Oxford Transplant Centre, University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, UK
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Woolsey ID, Jensen PM, Deplazes P, Kapel CMO. Establishment and development of Echinococcus multilocularis metacestodes in the common vole ( Microtus arvalis ) after oral inoculation with parasite eggs. Parasitol Int 2015; 64:571-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2015.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Revised: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Özdemir M, Ringe K, Schrem H, Kleine M, Meyer zu Vilsendorf A, Klempnauer J, Lehner F, Jäger M, Bektas H. A case of successful renal transplantation for hydatid disease after surgical treatment of disseminated cysts. Transpl Infect Dis 2015; 17:406-10. [DOI: 10.1111/tid.12374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Revised: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Özdemir
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery; Hannover Medical School; Hannover Germany
| | - K.I. Ringe
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology; Hannover Medical School; Hannover Germany
| | - H. Schrem
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery; Hannover Medical School; Hannover Germany
- Core Facility Quality Management & Health Technology Assessment in Transplantation, Integrated Research and Treatment Center Transplantation (IFB-Tx); Hannover Medical School; Hannover Germany
| | - M. Kleine
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery; Hannover Medical School; Hannover Germany
| | - A. Meyer zu Vilsendorf
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery; Hannover Medical School; Hannover Germany
| | - J. Klempnauer
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery; Hannover Medical School; Hannover Germany
| | - F. Lehner
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery; Hannover Medical School; Hannover Germany
| | - M. Jäger
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery; Hannover Medical School; Hannover Germany
| | - H. Bektas
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery; Hannover Medical School; Hannover Germany
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Woolsey ID, Bune NET, Jensen PM, Deplazes P, Kapel CMO. Echinococcus multilocularis infection in the field vole (Microtus agrestis): an ecological model for studies on transmission dynamics. Parasitol Res 2015; 114:1703-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-015-4355-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Abstract
Echinococcosis of the kidneys in a renal transplant recipient is extremely rare and its occurrence being related to immunosuppression is a possibility which needs further characterisation. Ruptured renal hydatid in a renal transplant recipient is not reported so far to our best knowledge. We present a 42-year-old renal allograft receipient who presented one year after transplant with left flank pain, palpable left lumbar mass and gross hydatiduria. Investigations revealed a ruptured native hydatid kidney. Patient was managed with a combination of chemotherapy and left native nephrectomy and discharged in a satisfactory condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riyaz Ahmad Bhat
- Department of General Medicine, Sheri-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Soura Srinagar, Kashmir, India
| | - Imtiyaz Wani
- Department of Nephrology, Sheri-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Soura Srinagar, Kashmir, India
| | - Imran Khan
- Department of General Medicine, Sheri-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Soura Srinagar, Kashmir, India
| | - Muzaffar Wani
- Department of Nephrology, Sheri-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Soura Srinagar, Kashmir, India
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Ambrosio JR, Ostoa-Saloma P, Palacios-Arreola MI, Ruíz-Rosado A, Sánchez-Orellana PL, Reynoso-Ducoing O, Nava-Castro KE, Martínez-Velázquez N, Escobedo G, Ibarra-Coronado EG, Valverde-Islas L, Morales-Montor J. Oestradiol and progesterone differentially alter cytoskeletal protein expression and flame cell morphology in Taenia crassiceps. Int J Parasitol 2014; 44:687-96. [PMID: 24879953 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2014.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Revised: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
We examined the effects of oestradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) on cytoskeletal protein expression in the helminth Taenia crassiceps - specifically actin, tubulin and myosin. These proteins assemble into flame cells, which constitute the parasite excretory system. Total protein extracts were obtained from E2- and P4-treated T. crassiceps cysticerci and untreated controls, and analysed by one- and two-dimensional protein electrophoresis, flow cytometry, immunofluorescence and videomicroscopy. Exposure of T. crassiceps cysticerci to E2 and P4 induced differential protein expression patterns compared with untreated controls. Changes in actin, tubulin and myosin expression were confirmed by flow cytometry of parasite cells and immunofluorescence. In addition, parasite morphology was altered in response to E2 and P4 versus controls. Flame cells were primarily affected at the level of the ciliary tuft, in association with the changes in actin, tubulin and myosin. We conclude that oestradiol and progesterone act directly on T. crassiceps cysticerci, altering actin, tubulin and myosin expression and thus affecting the assembly and function of flame cells. Our results increase our understanding of several aspects of the molecular crosstalk between host and parasite, which might be useful in designing anthelmintic drugs that exclusively impair parasitic proteins which mediate cell signaling and pathogenic reproduction and establishment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier R Ambrosio
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Edificio A, 2do piso, Ciudad Universitaria, México DF 04510, Mexico
| | - Pedro Ostoa-Saloma
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, AP 70228, México DF 04510, Mexico
| | - M Isabel Palacios-Arreola
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, AP 70228, México DF 04510, Mexico
| | - Azucena Ruíz-Rosado
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, AP 70228, México DF 04510, Mexico
| | - Pedro L Sánchez-Orellana
- Departamento de Fisiología Biofísica y Neurociencias, CINVESTAV-IPN, Av. Instituto Politecnico Nacional 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, Gustavo A. Madero, México DF 07360, Mexico
| | - Olivia Reynoso-Ducoing
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Edificio A, 2do piso, Ciudad Universitaria, México DF 04510, Mexico
| | - Karen E Nava-Castro
- Centro de investigación sobre enfermedades infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, 62100 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Nancy Martínez-Velázquez
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, AP 70228, México DF 04510, Mexico
| | - Galileo Escobedo
- Unidad de Medicina Experimental, Hospital General de México, AP 06726, México DF, Mexico
| | - Elizabeth G Ibarra-Coronado
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, AP 70228, México DF 04510, Mexico
| | - Laura Valverde-Islas
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Edificio A, 2do piso, Ciudad Universitaria, México DF 04510, Mexico
| | - Jorge Morales-Montor
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, AP 70228, México DF 04510, Mexico.
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Nakao R, Kameda Y, Kouguchi H, Matsumoto J, Dang Z, Simon AY, Torigoe D, Sasaki N, Oku Y, Sugimoto C, Agui T, Yagi K. Identification of genetic loci affecting the establishment and development of Echinococcus multilocularis larvae in mice. Int J Parasitol 2011; 41:1121-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2011.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2011] [Revised: 06/16/2011] [Accepted: 06/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Matsumoto J, Kouguchi H, Oku Y, Yagi K. Primary alveolar echinococcosis: course of larval development and antibody responses in intermediate host rodents with different genetic backgrounds after oral infection with eggs of Echinococcus multilocularis. Parasitol Int. 2010;59:435-444. [PMID: 20601109 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2010.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2010] [Revised: 06/02/2010] [Accepted: 06/03/2010] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We investigated parasite establishment, subsequent larval development and antibody responses in gerbils, cotton rats and 4 inbred mouse strains until 16 weeks post inoculation (p.i.) with 200 eggs of Echinococcus multilocularis. The rate of parasite establishment in the liver determined at 4 weeks p.i. was highest in DBA/2, followed by AKR/N, C57BL/10 and C57BL/6 mice, whereas gerbils harboured few parasite foci. The accurate number of liver lesions in cotton rats could not be determined due to rapid growth and advanced multivesiculation of the parasite observed at 2 weeks p.i. The course of larval development was most advanced in DBA/2 mice with mature protoscolex formation at 16 weeks p.i., followed by AKR/N harbouring metacestodes with sparsely distributed immature protoscoleces. On the other hand, C57BL/6 and C57BL/10 mice had infertile metacestodes without any protoscolex formation. The parasite growth in mice was totally slower than those in gerbils and cotton rats. Specific IgG and IgM responses against 3 types of native crude antigens of larval E. multilocularis were evaluated using somatic extracts of and vesicle fluid of metacestode, and somatic extracts from purified protoscoleces. The 4 mouse strains demonstrated basically similar kinetics with apparent IgG and IgM increases at 9 weeks p.i. and thereafter, except C57BL/10, exhibited higher levels of IgM against crude antigens at some time point of infection. On the other hand, a follow-up determination of specific IgG and IgM levels against recombinant antigens from larval E. multilocularis revealed that each mouse strain showed different antibody-level kinetics. The findings in the present study demonstrate that the course of host-parasite interactions in primary alveolar echinococcosis, caused by larval E. multilocularis, clearly varies among intermediate host rodents with different genetic backgrounds.
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Abstract
Methods for killing Echinococcus multilocularis eggs within stool or intestinal samples, without damaging the diagnostic value of the sample, would significantly reduce the risk of animal health providers acquiring alveolar hydatid disease. The first objective of this study was to determine whether E. multilocularis eggs located in fox intestines can survive storage at -70 C for at least 4 days. Results showed that none of 72,000 E. multilocularis eggs remained infectious to defined strains of mice under these conditions, yet, similar eggs recovered from nonfrozen carcasses stored at 4 C for the same time period were viable. The structural identities of adult worms and eggs were not significantly altered by the freezing and thawing processes. These results indicate that ultracold temperatures can be used to kill or inactivate E. multilocularis eggs, making them safe to handle when diagnosing this parasite in definitive hosts. The second objective of this study was to determine whether E. multilocularis eggs could survive freezing to -70 C if commonly used cryopreservation protocols were used. The use of the cryoprotectant solution, 5% dimethyl sulfoxide-35% saline-60% lamb serum, with a -1 C/min freezing rate was unable to prevent the eggs from being killed by freezing to -70 C. Rapid cooling by plunge freezing into liquid nitrogen was also lethal to E. multilocularis eggs. Only a few of the many potential cryopreservation protocols were tested in this study, so it is not yet possible to completely rule out the possibility of preserving these eggs at ultralow temperatures, but it does indicate that temperatures below -70 C are lethal to eggs even under favorable storage conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M B Hildreth
- Department of Veterinary Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota 57007, USA.
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