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Chen Y, Martin P, Inoue LYT, Basu A, Carlson JJ. Tackling Challenges in Assessing the Economic Value of Tumor-Agnostic Therapies: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Pembrolizumab as a Case Study. Value Health 2024:S1098-3015(24)00125-6. [PMID: 38548177 DOI: 10.1016/j.jval.2024.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Assessing the value of tumor-agnostic drugs (TAD) is challenging given the potential variability in treatment effects, trials with small sample sizes, different standards of care (SoC), and lack of comparative data from single-arm basket trials. Our study developed and applied novel methods to assess the value of pembrolizumab compared with SoC to inform coverage decisions. METHODS We developed a partitioned survival model to evaluate the cost-utility of pembrolizumab for previously treated patients with 8 advanced or metastatic microsatellite instability-high or mismatch repair-deficient cancers from a US commercial payer perspective. Efficacy of pembrolizumab was based on data from trials directly or with adjustment using Bayesian hierarchical models. Eight chemotherapy-based external control arms were constructed from the TriNetX electronic health record databases. Tumor-specific health-state utility values were applied. All costs were adjusted to 2022 US dollars. RESULTS At a lifetime horizon, pembrolizumab was associated with increased effectiveness compared with chemotherapies in colorectal (quality-adjusted life years [QALYs]: +0.64, life years [LYs]: +0.64), endometrial (QALYs: +3.79, LYs: +5.47), and small intestine cancers (QALYs: +1.73, LYs: +2.48), but not for patients with metastatic gastric, cholangiocarcinoma, pancreatic, ovarian, and brain cancers. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios varied substantially across tumor types. Pembrolizumab was found to be cost-effective in treating colorectal and endometrial cancers (incremental cost-effectiveness ratios: $121 967 and $139 257, respectively), and not cost-effective for other assessed cancers at a $150 000 willingness-to-pay/QALY threshold, compared with SoC chemotherapies. CONCLUSIONS The cost-effectiveness of TADs can vary by cancers. Using analytic tools such as external controls and Bayesian hierarchical models can tackle several challenges in assessing the value of TADs and uncertainties from basket trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Chen
- Comparative Health Outcomes, Policy, and Economics (CHOICE) Institute, Department of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Peter Martin
- Kaiser Permanente Health Plan of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lurdes Y T Inoue
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Anirban Basu
- Comparative Health Outcomes, Policy, and Economics (CHOICE) Institute, Department of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Josh J Carlson
- Comparative Health Outcomes, Policy, and Economics (CHOICE) Institute, Department of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Hakami ZH. Biomarker discovery and validation for gastrointestinal tumors: A comprehensive review of colorectal, gastric, and liver cancers. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 255:155216. [PMID: 38401376 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) malignancies, encompassing gastric, hepatic, colonic, and rectal cancers, are prevalent forms of cancer globally and contribute substantially to cancer-related mortality. Although there have been improvements in methods for diagnosing and treating GI cancers, the chances of survival for these types of cancers are still extremely low. According to the World Cancer Research International Fund's most recent figures, stomach cancer was responsible for roughly one million deaths worldwide in 2020. This emphasizes the importance of developing more effective tools for detecting, diagnosing, and predicting the outcome of these cancers at an early stage. Biomarkers, quantitative indications of biological processes or disease states, have emerged as promising techniques for enhancing the diagnosis and prognosis of GI malignancies. Recently, there has been a considerable endeavor to discover and authenticate biomarkers for various GI cancers by the utilization of diverse methodologies, including genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics. This review provides a thorough examination of the current state of biomarker research in the field of gastrointestinal malignancies, with a specific emphasis on colorectal, stomach, and liver cancers. A thorough literature search was performed on prominent databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science to find pertinent papers published until November, 2023 for the purpose of compiling this review. The diverse categories of biomarkers, encompassing genetic, epigenetic, and protein-based biomarkers, and their potential utility in the fields of diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment selection, are explored. Recent progress in identifying and confirming biomarkers, as well as the obstacles that persist in employing biomarkers in clinical settings are emphasized. The utilization of biomarkers in GI cancers has significant potential in enhancing patient outcomes. Ongoing research is expected to uncover more efficient biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of these cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaki H Hakami
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Science, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia.
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Saleh M, Virarkar M, Mahmoud HS, Wong VK, Gonzalez Baerga CI, Parikh M, Elsherif SB, Bhosale PR. Radiomics analysis with three-dimensional and two-dimensional segmentation to predict survival outcomes in pancreatic cancer. World J Radiol 2023; 15:304-314. [PMID: 38058604 PMCID: PMC10696186 DOI: 10.4329/wjr.v15.i11.304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiomics can assess prognostic factors in several types of tumors, but considering its prognostic ability in pancreatic cancer has been lacking. AIM To evaluate the performance of two different radiomics software in assessing survival outcomes in pancreatic cancer patients. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed pretreatment contrast-enhanced dual-energy computed tomography images from 48 patients with biopsy-confirmed pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma who later underwent neoadjuvant chemoradiation and surgery. Tumors were segmented using TexRad software for 2-dimensional (2D) analysis and MIM software for 3D analysis, followed by radiomic feature extraction. Cox proportional hazard modeling correlated texture features with overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Cox regression was used to detect differences in OS related to pretreatment tumor size and residual tumor following treatment. The Wilcoxon test was used to show the relationship between tumor volume and the percent of residual tumor. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to compare survival in patients with different tumor densities in Hounsfield units for both 2D and 3D analysis. RESULTS 3D analysis showed that higher mean tumor density [hazard ratio (HR) = 0.971, P = 0.041)] and higher median tumor density (HR = 0.970, P = 0.037) correlated with better OS. 2D analysis showed that higher mean tumor density (HR = 0.963, P = 0.014) and higher mean positive pixels (HR = 0.962, P = 0.014) correlated with better OS; higher skewness (HR = 3.067, P = 0.008) and higher kurtosis (HR = 1.176, P = 0.029) correlated with worse OS. Higher entropy correlated with better PFS (HR = 0.056, P = 0.036). Models determined that patients with increased tumor size greater than 1.35 cm were likely to have a higher percentage of residual tumors of over 10%. CONCLUSION Several radiomics features can be used as prognostic tools for pancreatic cancer. However, results vary between 2D and 3D analyses. Mean tumor density was the only variable that could reliably predict OS, irrespective of the analysis used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Saleh
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Mayur Virarkar
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL 32209, United States
| | - Hagar S Mahmoud
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Vincenzo K Wong
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Carlos Ignacio Gonzalez Baerga
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL 32209, United States
| | - Miti Parikh
- Keck School of Medicine, University of South California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, United States
| | - Sherif B Elsherif
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL 32209, United States
| | - Priya R Bhosale
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, United States
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Dong S, Zhong A, Zhu H, Wang K, Cheng CS, Meng Z. Sequential high-intensity focused ultrasound treatment combined with chemotherapy for inoperable pancreatic cancer: a retrospective analysis for prognostic factors and survival outcomes. Int J Hyperthermia 2023; 40:2278417. [PMID: 37945310 DOI: 10.1080/02656736.2023.2278417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of HIFU (High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound) therapy on the survival and prognosis of patients with inoperable pancreatic cancer, and the clinical application of serological prognostic indicators. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed the clinicopathological features, laboratory tests and follow-ups of 192 patients. Among the patients, 57 were treated with HIFU prior to chemotherapy (HIFU-priority), and 135 patients received chemotherapy followed by HIFU (HIFU-second). Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis was used to determine the prognostic value of tumor inflammation-related serological markers. A nomogram model was established based on the identified prognostic factors. RESULTS Univariate analysis showed that receiving the treatment regimen in HIFU-priority was a significant protective factor for overall survival (OS, p < 0.001). Tumor stage, high C-reactive protein (CRP), high gamma-glutamyl transferase(γGT) high carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125), high neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), high lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR) and liver metastasis were significant risk factors for poor prognosis (p < 0.05). CRP combined with normal tumor marker CA125 (CRP + CA125) was associated with longer OS (p = 0.005). Multivariate analysis shows that HIFU-priority is a protective factor for OS (Hazard Ratio, HR: 0.38; 95% confidence interval(CI): 0.25-0.57), tumor stage (HR: 1.61; 95% CI: 1.12-2.31), CRP + CA125 (HR: 1.46; 95% CI: 1.02-2.08) and γGT (HR: 1.44; 95% CI: 1.04-1.98) are risk factors for OS and serve as independent prognostic factors in the nomogram. CONCLUSION Early application of HIFU treatment improves the OS of patients with inoperable pancreatic cancer. CRP + CA125 and γGT are independent prognostic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Dong
- Minimally Invasive Therapy Center, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ailing Zhong
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fudan University, Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Huili Zhu
- Minimally Invasive Therapy Center, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Minimally Invasive Therapy Center, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chien-Shan Cheng
- Minimally Invasive Therapy Center, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiqiang Meng
- Minimally Invasive Therapy Center, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Yun WG, Han Y, Lee M, Cho YJ, Jung HS, Thomas AS, Kluger MD, Kwon W, Jang JY. The role of local treatment including pancreatectomy for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma patients with isolated synchronous liver metastasis: Propensity score-matched analyses. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Sci 2023; 30:1036-1045. [PMID: 36734117 DOI: 10.1002/jhbp.1313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In an era of more effective chemotherapy for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), the paradigm of local treatment is changing. However, the efficacy of local treatment in patients with isolated liver metastasis remains unclear. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of pancreatectomy ± local treatment for metastasis (cytoreductive surgery) in PDAC patients with isolated synchronous liver metastasis. METHODS In total, 239 patients with isolated liver metastasis were extracted from Seoul National University Hospital (SNUH). For comparison, another 12 637 patients were extracted from the National Cancer Database (NCDB). Propensity score matching was performed to minimize confounding in both cohorts. Survival analyses stratified by the treatment delivered were performed using Kaplan-Meier estimates and log-rank tests. RESULTS In the SNUH cohort, the median (interquartile range) survival was 20.5 (13.0-42.0) months for patients who underwent cytoreductive surgery plus chemotherapy versus 12.0 (10.0-18.0) months for those who received chemotherapy alone (P < .001). With the NCDB cohort, the median (interquartile range) survival was 15.6 (8.9-31.2) months for patients who underwent cytoreductive surgery plus chemotherapy versus 7.4 (3.4-13.2) months for those who received chemotherapy alone (P < .001). CONCLUSION Patients with isolated synchronous liver metastasis should be considered for cytoreductive surgery in addition to effective chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Gun Yun
- Department of Surgery and Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Youngmin Han
- Department of Surgery and Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mirang Lee
- Department of Surgery and Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Jae Cho
- Department of Surgery and Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye-Sol Jung
- Department of Surgery and Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Alexander S Thomas
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA
| | - Michael D Kluger
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA
| | - Wooil Kwon
- Department of Surgery and Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin-Young Jang
- Department of Surgery and Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Mirza-Aghazadeh-Attari M, Madani SP, Shahbazian H, Ansari G, Mohseni A, Borhani A, Afyouni S, Kamel IR. Predictive role of radiomics features extracted from preoperative cross-sectional imaging of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma in detecting lymph node metastasis: a systemic review and meta-analysis. Abdom Radiol (NY) 2023; 48:2570-2584. [PMID: 37202642 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-023-03940-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Lymph node metastases are associated with poor clinical outcomes in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). In preoperative imaging, conventional diagnostic modalities do not provide the desired accuracy in diagnosing lymph node metastasis. The current review aims to determine the pooled diagnostic profile of studies examining the role of radiomics features in detecting lymph node metastasis in PDAC. PubMed, Google Scholar, and Embase databases were searched for relevant articles. The quality of the studies was examined using the Radiomics Quality Score and Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies 2 (QUADAS-2) tools. Pooled results for sensitivity, specificity, likelihood, and odds ratios with the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a random-effect model (DerSimonian-Liard method). No significant publication bias was detected among the studies included in this meta-analysis. The pooled sensitivity of the validation datasets included in the study was 77.4% (72.7%, 81.5%) and pooled specificity was 72.4% (63.8, 79.6%). The diagnostic odds ratio of the validation datasets was 9.6 (6.0, 15.2). No statistically significant heterogeneity was detected for sensitivity and odds ratio (P values of 0.3 and 0.08, respectively). However, there was significant heterogeneity concerning specificity (P = 0.003). The pretest probability of having lymph node metastasis in the pooled databases was 52% and a positive post-test probability was 76% after the radiomics features were used, showing a net benefit of 24%. Classifiers trained on radiomics features extracted from preoperative images can improve the sensitivity and specificity of conventional cross-sectional imaging in detecting lymph node metastasis in PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mirza-Aghazadeh-Attari
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 North Wolfe Street, MRI 143, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Seyedeh Panid Madani
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 North Wolfe Street, MRI 143, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Haneyeh Shahbazian
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 North Wolfe Street, MRI 143, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Golnoosh Ansari
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 North Wolfe Street, MRI 143, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Alireza Mohseni
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 North Wolfe Street, MRI 143, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Ali Borhani
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 North Wolfe Street, MRI 143, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Shadi Afyouni
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 North Wolfe Street, MRI 143, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Ihab R Kamel
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 North Wolfe Street, MRI 143, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
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Kwan BS, Lee OJ, Kim HJ, Kim KM, Shim SG, Cho DH, Kong SM, Kim JY, Ji JH. Efficacy and Safety of Chemotherapy in Elderly Patients with Unresectable Pancreatic Cancer. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12093334. [PMID: 37176774 PMCID: PMC10178943 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12093334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS The incidence of pancreatic cancer (PC) is gradually increasing among elderly individuals, but there are insufficient clinical data on elderly individuals. To determine the efficacy and safety of chemotherapy, we compared the. the outcomes of elderly patients with unresectable PC. METHODS We enrolled patients aged 75 years or older diagnosed with PC from 1 January 2010 to 30 November 2021. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to reduce the heterogeneity of the study population. For efficacy evaluation, the median overall survival (OS) was estimated for the chemotherapy and nonchemotherapy groups. Chemotherapy tolerability evaluations were also investigated. RESULTS The study included 115 patients, 47 of whom received chemotherapy and 68 who did not. After PSM, compared with the nonchemotherapy group, the chemotherapy group had more myocardial infarctions (14.6 vs. 0.0%, p < 0.001) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (4.4 vs. 0.0%, p = 0.043). The primary endpoint, median OS, was significantly different in the with vs. without chemotherapy groups (203 vs. 106 days, p = 0.013). In the chemotherapy group, 10 patients (21.3%) discontinued treatment due to adverse events. However, there were no reports of death due to severe adverse events. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that chemotherapy improved median OS among elderly patients. These data could support the use of chemotherapy for elderly patients with unresectable PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung Soo Kwan
- Department of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon 51353, Republic of Korea
| | - Ok Jae Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jin Kim
- Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon 51472, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Min Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon 51353, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Goon Shim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon 51353, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Hyeon Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon 51353, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Min Kong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon 51353, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Young Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon 51353, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Ho Ji
- Department of Internal Medicine, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon 51353, Republic of Korea
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Dayimu A, Di Lisio L, Anand S, Roca-Carreras I, Qian W, Al-Mohammad A, Basu B, Valle JW, Jodrell D, Demiris N, Corrie P. Clinical and biological markers predictive of treatment response associated with metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Br J Cancer 2023; 128:1672-1680. [PMID: 36813867 PMCID: PMC10133256 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-023-02170-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemotherapy for metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) offers limited benefits, but survival outcomes vary. Reliable predictive response biomarkers to guide patient management are lacking. METHODS Patient performance status, tumour burden (determined by the presence or absence of liver metastases), plasma protein biomarkers (CA19-9, albumin, C-reactive protein and neutrophils) and circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) were assessed in 146 patients with metastatic PDAC prior to starting either concomitant or sequential nab-paclitaxel + gemcitabine chemotherapy in the SIEGE randomised prospective clinical trial, as well as during the first 8 weeks of treatment. Correlations were made with objective response, death within 1 year and overall survival (OS). RESULTS Initial poor patient performance status, presence of liver metastases and detectable mutKRAS ctDNA all correlated with worse OS after adjusting for the different biomarkers of interest. Objective response at 8 weeks also correlated with OS (P = 0.026). Plasma biomarkers measured during treatment and prior to the first response assessment identified ≥10% decrease in albumin at 4 weeks predicted for worse OS (HR 4.75, 95% CI 1.43-16.94, P = 0.012), while any association of longitudinal evaluation of mutKRAS ctDNA with OS was unclear (β = 0.024, P = 0.057). CONCLUSIONS Readily measurable patient variables can aid the prediction of outcomes from combination chemotherapy used to treat metastatic PDAC. The role of mutKRAS ctDNA as a tool to guide treatment warrants further exploration. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION ISRCTN71070888; ClinialTrials.gov (NCT03529175).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alimu Dayimu
- Clinical Trials Unit, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lorena Di Lisio
- Cancer Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Shubha Anand
- Cancer Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Isart Roca-Carreras
- Cancer Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Wendi Qian
- Cambridge Clinical Trials Unit, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Bristi Basu
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Juan W Valle
- University of Manchester and The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Duncan Jodrell
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nikos Demiris
- Cambridge Clinical Trials Unit, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Statistics, Athens University of Economics and Business, Athens, Greece
| | - Pippa Corrie
- Oncology Department, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK.
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Hurmuz P, Cengiz M, Ozyigit G, Yuce Sari S, Kahvecioglu A, Beduk Esen CS, Yalcin S, Zorlu F. Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy as an Effective Treatment for Pancreatic Cancer. Cureus 2023; 15:e38255. [PMID: 37252548 PMCID: PMC10225161 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.38255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) allows the delivery of an ablative radiation dose to the tumor with minimal toxicity. Although magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-guided SBRT appears to be a promising approach in the modern era, X-ray image-guided SBRT is still used worldwide for pancreatic cancer. This study aims to evaluate the results of X-ray image-guided SBRT in patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer (LAPC). Methodology Medical records of 24 patients with unresectable LAPC who underwent X-ray image-guided SBRT between 2009 and 2022 were retrospectively evaluated. SPSS version 23.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA) was utilized for all analyses. Results The median age was 64 years (range = 42-81 years), and the median tumor size was 3.5 cm (range = 2.7-4 cm). The median total dose of SBRT was 35 Gy (range = 33-50 Gy) in five fractions. After SBRT, 30% of patients showed complete and 41% showed partial response, whereas 20% had stable disease and 9% had progression. Median follow-up was 15 months (range = 6-58 months). During follow-up, four (16%) patients had local recurrence, one (4%) had a regional recurrence, and 17 (70%) had distant metastasis (DM). The two-year local control (LC), local recurrence-free survival (LRFS), overall survival (OS), and DM-free survival (DMFS) rate was 87%, 36%, 37%, and 29%, respectively. In univariate analysis, a larger tumor size (>3.5 cm) and higher cancer antigen 19-9 level (>106.5 kU/L) significantly decreased the OS, LRFS, and DMFS rates. No severe acute toxicity was observed. However, two patients had severe late toxicity as intestinal bleeding. Conclusions X-ray image-guided SBRT provides a good LC rate with minimal toxicity for unresectable LAPC. However, despite modern systemic treatments, the rate of DM remains high which plays a major role in survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pervin Hurmuz
- Radiation Oncology, Hacettepe University Medical School, Ankara, TUR
| | - Mustafa Cengiz
- Radiation Oncology, Hacettepe University Medical School, Ankara, TUR
| | - Gokhan Ozyigit
- Radiation Oncology, Hacettepe University Medical School, Ankara, TUR
| | - Sezin Yuce Sari
- Radiation Oncology, Hacettepe University Medical School, Ankara, TUR
| | - Alper Kahvecioglu
- Radiation Oncology, Hacettepe University Medical School, Ankara, TUR
| | | | - Suayib Yalcin
- Medical Oncology, Hacettepe University Medical School, Ankara, TUR
| | - Faruk Zorlu
- Radiation Oncology, Hacettepe University Medical School, Ankara, TUR
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10
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Alkhasawneh A, Rashid T, Mohammed I, Elhaddad B, Al-Balas H, Virarkar M, Awad Z, Baskovich B, Gopinath A. The prognostic significance of duodenal wall invasion in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. World J Surg Oncol 2023; 21:79. [PMID: 36872330 PMCID: PMC9987094 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-023-02962-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The most recent edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer Staging Manual (AJCC, 8th edition) relies only on tumor size for staging resectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma, and the presence of duodenal wall invasion (DWI) no longer has an impact on staging. However, very few studies have evaluated its significance. In this study, we aim to evaluate the prognostic significance of DWI in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. METHODS We reviewed 97 consecutive internal cases of resected pancreatic head ductal adenocarcinoma, and clinicopathologic parameters were recorded. All cases were staged according to the 8th edition of AJCC, and the patients were divided into two groups based on the presence or absence of DWI. RESULTS Out of our 97 cases, 53 patients had DWI (55%). In univariate analysis, DWI was significantly associated with lymphovascular invasion and lymph node metastasis (AJCC 8th edition pN stage). In univariate analysis of overall survival, age > 60, absence of DWI, and African American race were associated with worse overall survival. In multivariate analysis, age > 60, absence of DWI, and African American race were associated with worse progression-free survival and overall survival. CONCLUSION Although DWI is associated with lymph node metastasis, it is not associated with inferior disease-free/overall survival.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tasnuva Rashid
- UF Health Jacksonville, 655 W 8th st, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | | | - Basma Elhaddad
- UF Health Jacksonville, 655 W 8th st, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | | | - Mayur Virarkar
- UF Health Jacksonville, 655 W 8th st, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Ziad Awad
- UF Health Jacksonville, 655 W 8th st, Jacksonville, FL, USA. .,University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville, 653 West 8th Street, Jacksonville, FL, 32209, USA.
| | | | - Arun Gopinath
- UF Health Jacksonville, 655 W 8th st, Jacksonville, FL, USA
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11
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Mohamed BM, Ward MP, Bates M, Spillane CD, Kelly T, Martin C, Gallagher M, Heffernan S, Norris L, Kennedy J, Saadeh FA, Gleeson N, Brooks DA, Brooks RD, Selemidis S, O'Toole S, O'Leary JJ. Ex vivo expansion of circulating tumour cells (CTCs). Sci Rep 2023; 13:3704. [PMID: 36879003 PMCID: PMC9988863 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30733-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumour cells (CTCs) are a critical intermediate step in the process of cancer metastasis. The reliability of CTC isolation/purification has limited both the potential to report on metastatic progression and the development of CTCs as targets for therapeutic intervention. Here we report a new methodology, which optimises the culture conditions for CTCs using primary cancer cells as a model system. We exploited the known biology that CTCs thrive in hypoxic conditions, with their survival and proliferation being reliant on the activation of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α). We isolated epithelial-like and quasi-mesenchymal CTC phenotypes from the blood of a cancer patient and successfully cultured these cells for more than 8 weeks. The presence of CTC clusters was required to establish and maintain long-term cultures. This novel methodology for the long-term culture of CTCs will aid in the development of downstream applications, including CTC theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bashir M Mohamed
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Emer Casey Molecular Pathology Research Laboratory, Coombe Women & Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland. .,Trinity St James's Cancer Institute, Dublin 8, Ireland. .,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Mark P Ward
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Emer Casey Molecular Pathology Research Laboratory, Coombe Women & Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,Trinity St James's Cancer Institute, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Mark Bates
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Emer Casey Molecular Pathology Research Laboratory, Coombe Women & Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,Trinity St James's Cancer Institute, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Cathy D Spillane
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Emer Casey Molecular Pathology Research Laboratory, Coombe Women & Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,Trinity St James's Cancer Institute, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Tanya Kelly
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Emer Casey Molecular Pathology Research Laboratory, Coombe Women & Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,Trinity St James's Cancer Institute, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Cara Martin
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Emer Casey Molecular Pathology Research Laboratory, Coombe Women & Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,Trinity St James's Cancer Institute, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Michael Gallagher
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Emer Casey Molecular Pathology Research Laboratory, Coombe Women & Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,Trinity St James's Cancer Institute, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Sheena Heffernan
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Emer Casey Molecular Pathology Research Laboratory, Coombe Women & Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,Trinity St James's Cancer Institute, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Lucy Norris
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - John Kennedy
- HOPE Directorate, St. James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Feras Abu Saadeh
- Division of Gynaecological Oncology, St. James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Noreen Gleeson
- Division of Gynaecological Oncology, St. James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Doug A Brooks
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Emer Casey Molecular Pathology Research Laboratory, Coombe Women & Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,Trinity St James's Cancer Institute, Dublin 8, Ireland.,Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia
| | - Robert D Brooks
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia
| | - Stavros Selemidis
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia
| | - Sharon O'Toole
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Emer Casey Molecular Pathology Research Laboratory, Coombe Women & Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,Trinity St James's Cancer Institute, Dublin 8, Ireland.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - John J O'Leary
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Emer Casey Molecular Pathology Research Laboratory, Coombe Women & Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,Trinity St James's Cancer Institute, Dublin 8, Ireland
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12
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Marschner N, Hegewisch-Becker S, Reiser M, von der Heyde E, Bertram M, Hollerbach SH, Kreher S, Wolf T, Binninger A, Chiabudini M, Kaiser-Osterhues A, Jänicke M. FOLFIRINOX or gemcitabine/nab-paclitaxel in advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma: A novel validated prognostic score to facilitate treatment decision-making in real-world. Int J Cancer 2023; 152:458-469. [PMID: 36053905 PMCID: PMC10087956 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
There is no prospective, randomised head-to-head trial comparing first-line FOLFIRINOX and gemcitabine/nab-paclitaxel in advanced pancreatic cancer. We assess real-world effectiveness and quality of life (QoL) of both regimens using a new prognostic score. This analysis includes 1540 patients with advanced pancreatic cancer from the prospective, clinical cohort study Tumour Registry Pancreatic Cancer separated into learning (n = 1027) and validation sample (n = 513). The Pancreatic Cancer Score (PCS) was developed using multivariate Cox regression. We compared overall survival (OS) and time to deterioration (TTD) for longitudinal QoL between first-line FOLFIRINOX (n = 407) and gemcitabine/nab-paclitaxel (n = 655) according to patients' prognostic risk, after inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) by propensity score analysis. The PCS includes nine independent prognostic factors for survival: female sex, BMI ≥24/unknown, ECOG performance status ≥1, Charlson comorbidity index ≥1, tumour staging IV/unknown at primary diagnosis, liver metastases, bilirubin >1.5× upper limit of normal (ULN), leukocytes >ULN and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio ≥4. Median OS of the validation sample was 11.4 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 10.4-14.4), 8.5 (95% CI: 6.8-9.6) and 5.9 months (95% CI: 4.0-7.4) for favourable- (0-3 risk factors), intermediate- (4-5 factors) and poor-risk group (6-9 factors), respectively. After IPTW, only poor-risk patients had significantly longer median OS and TTD of overall QoL with FOLFIRINOX (OS: 6.9 months, 95% CI: 3.9-13.3; TTD: 10.6 months, 95% CI: 2.0-14.1) vs gemcitabine/nab-paclitaxel (OS: 4.0 months, 95% CI: 2.8-4.8; TTD: 4.1 months, 95% CI: 2.4-4.5). Our novel PCS may facilitate treatment decisions in clinical routine of advanced pancreatic cancer, since only poor-risk, but not favourable-risk patients, seem to benefit from intensified treatment with FOLFIRINOX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norbert Marschner
- Praxis für Interdisziplinäre Onkologie & Hämatologie, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Marcel Reiser
- PIOH-Praxis Internistische Onkologie und Hämatologie, Köln, Germany
| | | | - Mathias Bertram
- Hämatologisch Onkologischer Schwerpunkt Dres. Müller-Hagen/Bertram/Graefe/Kollegen, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Stephan Kreher
- Hämatologisch-Onkologische Schwerpunktpraxis Bad Liebenwerda, Bad Liebenwerda, Germany
| | - Thomas Wolf
- BAG, Gemeinschaftspraxis Hämatologie-Onkologie, Dresden, Germany
| | - Adrian Binninger
- Clinical Epidemiology and Health Economics, iOMEDICO, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Martina Jänicke
- Clinical Epidemiology and Health Economics, iOMEDICO, Freiburg, Germany
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13
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Markowski A, Zaremba-Czogalla M, Jaromin A, Olczak E, Zygmunt A, Etezadi H, Boyd BJ, Gubernator J. Novel Liposomal Formulation of Baicalein for the Treatment of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: Design, Characterization, and Evaluation. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15010179. [PMID: 36678808 PMCID: PMC9865389 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15010179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the deadliest cancers so there is an urgent need to develop new drugs and therapies to treat it. Liposome-based formulations of naturally-derived bioactive compounds are promising anticancer candidates due to their potential for passive accumulation in tumor tissues, protection against payload degradation, and prevention of non-specific toxicity. We chose the naturally-derived flavonoid baicalein (BAI) due to its promising effect against pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and encapsulated it into a liposomal bilayer using the passive loading method, with an almost 90% efficiency. We performed a morphological and stability analysis of the obtained BAI liposomal formulation and evaluated its activity on two-dimensional and three-dimensional pancreatic cell models. As the result, we obtained a stable BAI-encapsulated liposomal suspension with a size of 100.9 nm ± 2.7 and homogeneity PDI = 0.124 ± 0.02, suitable for intravenous administration. Furthermore, this formulation showed high cytotoxic activity towards AsPC-1 and BxPC-3 PDAC cell lines (IC50 values ranging from 21 ± 3.6 µM to 27.6 ± 4.1 µM), with limited toxicity towards normal NHDF cells and a lack of hemolytic activity. Based on these results, this new BAI liposomal formulation is an excellent candidate for potential anti-PDAC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Markowski
- Department of Lipids and Liposomes, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
- Correspondence: (A.M.); (A.J.)
| | - Magdalena Zaremba-Czogalla
- Department of Lipids and Liposomes, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Anna Jaromin
- Department of Lipids and Liposomes, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
- Correspondence: (A.M.); (A.J.)
| | - Ewa Olczak
- Department of Lipids and Liposomes, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Adrianna Zygmunt
- Department of Lipids and Liposomes, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Haniyeh Etezadi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ben J. Boyd
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University (Parkville Campus), 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Jerzy Gubernator
- Department of Lipids and Liposomes, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
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14
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Khameneh A, Vahedi L, Asvadi Kermani T, Asghari-Jafarabadi M, Asghari E, Mohammadi S. Survival and prognostic factors among hospitalized pancreatic cancer patients in northwestern Iran. J Res Med Sci 2023; 28:4. [PMID: 36974115 PMCID: PMC10039100 DOI: 10.4103/jrms.jrms_54_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Background Pancreatic cancer (PC) is associated with a poor prognosis, with various modifiable risk factors affecting the survival of patients. Our aim was to evaluate the survival rate and the prognostic factors influencing survival in PC patients in northwestern Iran. Materials and Methods All the PC patients admitted to the Imam Reza Hospital of Tabriz, Iran, from 2016 to 2020, were enrolled in this study. The survival rate and time were calculated, and the risk factors related to survival were evaluated by Cox regressions. The data were analyzed using the Cox proportional hazards model using STATA software. Results Of 110 patients, 12-, 24-, 36-, and 48-month survival rates were 29.1%, 19.8%, 14.1%, and 8.5%, respectively, with the median survival time of seven months. The mean age was 65.5 years. The results showed that a higher age (hazard ratio [HR] [95% confidence interval (CI)] = 2.04 [1.20-3.46]), lower education (1.72 [1.03-2.89]), delayed diagnosis (1.03 [1.02-1.05]), hypertension (1.53 [1.01-2.31]), concomitant heart disorders (2.67 [1.50-4.74]), COPD (4.23 [1.01-17.69]), consanguineous marriage (1.59 [1.01-2.50]), and the presence of icterus complications (adjusted HR = 3.64 [1.56-8.49]) were directly associated with a worse survival. On the contrary, radiotherapy (0.10 [0.01-0.85]), chemotherapy (0.57 [0.36-0.89]), and surgical therapy (AHR = 0.48 [0.23-0.99]) were directly related to a good prognosis. Conclusion Surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy were the best predictors of survival in PC patients. Moreover, it seems that resolving jaundice can improve survival in these patients. It seems that increasing social awareness, treating underlying diseases, and employing an appropriate therapeutic method may promise a better outlook, improve the survival rate of patients, and reduce PC risk.
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15
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Eades W, Liu W, Shen Y, Shi Z, Yan B. Covalent CES2 Inhibitors Protect against Reduced Formation of Intestinal Organoids by the Anticancer Drug Irinotecan. Curr Drug Metab 2022; 23:CDM-EPUB-128210. [PMID: 36515038 PMCID: PMC10258227 DOI: 10.2174/1389200224666221212143904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Irinotecan is widely used to treat various types of solid and metastatic cancer. It is an ester prodrug and its hydrolytic metabolite (SN-38) exerts potent anticancer activity. Irinotecan is hydrolyzed primarily by carboxylesterase-2 (CES2), a hydrolase abundantly present in the intestine such as the duodenum. We have identified several potent and covalent CES2 inhibi¬tors such as remdesivir and sofosbuvir. Remdesivir is the first small molecule drug approved for COVID-19, whereas sofosbuvir is a paradigm-shift medicine for hepatitis C viral infection. Irinotecan is generally well-tolerated but associated with severe/life-threatening diarrhea due to intestinal accu¬¬mula¬tion of SN-38. OBJECTIVE This study was to test the hypothesis that remdesivir and sofosbuvir protect against irinotecan-induced epithelial injury associated with gastrointestinal toxicity. METHODS To test this hypothesis, formation of organoids derived from mouse duodenal crypts, a robust cellular model for intestinal regeneration, was induced in the presence or absence of irinotecan +/- pretreatment with a CES2 drug inhibitor. RESULTS Irinotecan profoundly inhibited the formation of intestinal organoids and the magnitude of the inhibition was greater with female crypts than their male counterparts. Consistently, crypts from female mice had significantly higher hydrolytic activity toward irinotecan. Critically, remdesivir and sofosbuvir both reduced irinotecan hydrolysis and reversed irinotecan-reduced formation of organoids. Human duodenal samples robustly hydrolyzed irinotecan, stable CES2 transfection induced cytotoxicity and the cytotoxicity was reduced by CES2 drug inhibitor. CONCLUSION These findings establish a therapeutic rationale to reduce irinotecan-gastrointestinal injury and serve as a cellular foundation to develop oral formulations of irinotecan with high safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Eades
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Equal contribution
| | - William Liu
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Equal contribution
| | - Yue Shen
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Equal contribution
| | - Zhanquan Shi
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Bingfang Yan
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
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16
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Topkan E, Selek U, Kucuk A, Pehlivan B. Low Pre-ChemoradiotherapyPan-Immune-Inflammation Value (PIV) Measures Predict Better Survival Outcomes in Locally Advanced Pancreatic Adenocarcinomas. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:5413-5423. [PMID: 36158517 PMCID: PMC9499729 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s385328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study sought to determine whether pretreatment pan-immune-inflammation value (PIV) could be used to predict prognosis in patients with locally advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma (LA-PAC) following definitive concurrent chemoradiotherapy (C-CRT). Methods The outcomes of 178 LA-PAC patients who received definitive C-CRT were analyzed retrospectively. For all patients, the PIV was calculated using the peripheral blood platelet (P), monocyte (M), neutrophil (N), and lymphocyte (L) counts obtained on the first day of C-CRT: PIV=P×M×N÷L. The optimum cutoff values for PIV connected to progression-free (PFS) and overall survival (OS) results were sought using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. The OS and PFS differences between the PIV groups constituted the primary and secondary endpoints, respectively. Results ROC curve analysis indicated that the ideal PIV cutoff was 464 (AUC: 75.9%, sensitivity: 74.1%, specificity: 71.9%), which categorized patients into two groups based on PFS and OS results: low PIV (L-PIV; N = 69) and high PIV (H-PIV; N = 109). According to comparative survival analyses, patients in the L-PIV group had significantly longer median PFS (14.3 vs 7.3 months; HR: 3.04; P<0.001) and OS (25.9 vs 13.3 months; HR: 2.86; P<0.001) than those in the H-PIV group. Although none of the H-PIV patients could survive beyond 5 years, the estimated 5-year OS rate was 29.7% in the L-PIV cohort. In multivariate analyses, besides the L-PIV, N0 nodal stage, and CA 19–9 ≤ 90 U/mL appeared to be the independent predictors of better PFS (P < 0.05 for each) and OS (P < 0.05 for each) results. Conclusion The present results indicated that pre-C-CRT L-PIV measures were associated with favorable median and long-term PFS and OS results in LA-PAC patients, suggesting that the PIV is a potent and independent novel prognostic biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erkan Topkan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Baskent University Medical Faculty, Adana, Turkey
| | - Ugur Selek
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.,Division of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ahmet Kucuk
- Clinic of Radiation Oncology, Mersin Education and Research Hospital, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Berrin Pehlivan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Bahcesehir University, Istanbul, Turkey
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17
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Zhu XX, Li JH, Ni X, Wu X, Hou X, Li YX, Li SJ, Zhao W, Yin XY. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells regulated the gemcitabine-resistance function of CAFs by LINC00460. Cancer Sci 2022; 113:3735-3750. [PMID: 36047966 PMCID: PMC9633316 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly fatal malignancy with extremely poor prognosis. Gemcitabine resistance is a major challenge in the treatment of PDAC. Here, we showed that LINC00460 was associated with the response to gemcitabine both in PDAC patients and PDAC‐PDX. After knocking down LINC00460 in PDAC tumor cells, results of RNA sequencing followed by gene ontology analysis indicated that LINC00460 influenced the activity of growth factors and modified the extracellular matrix. FISH showed that LINC00460 is mostly located in the cytoplasm. Results of RNA pull‐down, LC–MS/MS, RIP, and immunoblotting confirmed that LINC00460 could directly bind to PDAP1. Furthermore, we demonstrated that LINC00460 mediated the cellular communication of PDAC tumor cells and CAFs by PDAP1/PDGFA/PDGFR signaling pathway and regulated the gemcitabine‐resistance function of CAFs, which could be reversed by treatment with a PDGFR inhibitor (crenolanib). PDAC‐PDX tumors with lower expression of LINC00460 showed a better response to gemcitabine plus crenolanib treatment. Our finding supported the application of LINC00460 in precision medicine that uses gemcitabine plus crenolanib to treat PDAC with low expression of LINC00460.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xu Zhu
- Department of Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jian-Hui Li
- Department of Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuhao Ni
- Department of Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao Wu
- Department of Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xun Hou
- Center for Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ya-Xiong Li
- Department of Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shi-Jin Li
- Department of Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Yin
- Department of Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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18
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Gan Q, Caraway NP, Ding C, Stewart JM. Primary Pancreatic Lymphoma Evaluated by Fine-Needle Aspiration. Am J Clin Pathol 2022; 158:242-248. [PMID: 35311939 DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqac030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Primary pancreatic lymphoma (PPL) is rare, mimicking pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) clinically and radiologically. The aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical, radiologic, and pathological characteristics of PPL diagnosed by fine-needle aspiration (FNA) in our institution. METHODS Patient clinical, radiologic, and pathological information was collected from the electronic health record system. RESULTS In total, 11 of 4,353 pancreatic FNAs met the criteria. The most common clinical symptom was jaundice, followed by abdominal pain, weight loss, and diarrhea. Abnormal laboratory findings included elevated alkaline phosphatase, total bilirubin, lactate dehydrogenase, and cancer antigen 19-9. Abnormal radiologic findings included pancreatic mass, biliary dilatation, vessel encasement, and common bile duct encasement and thickening. Five patients underwent more than 1 tissue sampling procedure before the final diagnosis of lymphoma. Final pathologic diagnosis included 7 large B-cell lymphomas and 4 follicular lymphomas. Flow cytometric analysis was performed on 9 specimens, and all demonstrated an aberrant monoclonal B-cell population. CONCLUSIONS PPL mimics PDAC clinically and radiologically and could be a challenge for pathologic diagnosis if lymphoma is not included in the differential diagnosis during immediate evaluation. If lymphoma is suspected during immediate evaluation, PPL could be reliably diagnosed by FNA with the aid of ancillary studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Gan
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nancy P Caraway
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Cady Ding
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - John M Stewart
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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19
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Ma C, Congly SE, Chyou DE, Ross-Driscoll K, Forbes N, Tsang ES, Sussman DA, Goldberg DS. Factors Associated With Geographic Disparities in Gastrointestinal Cancer Mortality in the United States. Gastroenterology 2022; 163:437-448.e1. [PMID: 35483444 PMCID: PMC9703359 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2022.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Significant geographic variability in gastrointestinal (GI) cancer-related death has been reported in the United States. We aimed to evaluate both modifiable and nonmodifiable factors associated with intercounty differences in mortality due to GI cancer. METHODS Data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Wide-ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research platform were used to calculate county-level mortality from esophageal, gastric, pancreatic, and colorectal cancers. Multivariable linear regression models were fit to adjust for county-level covariables, considering both patient (eg, sex, race, obesity, diabetes, alcohol, and smoking) and structural factors (eg, specialist density, poverty, insurance prevalence, and colon cancer screening prevalence). Intercounty variability in GI cancer-related mortality explained by these covariables was expressed as the multivariable model R2. RESULTS There were significant geographic disparities in GI cancer-related county-level mortality across the US from 2010-2019 with the ratio of mortality between 90th and 10th percentile counties ranging from 1.5 (pancreatic) to 2.1 (gastric cancer). Counties with the highest 5% mortality rates for gastric, pancreatic, and colorectal cancer were primarily in the Southeastern United States. Multivariable models explained 43%, 61%, 14%, and 39% of the intercounty variability in mortality rates for esophageal, gastric, pancreatic, and colorectal cancer, respectively. Cigarette smoking and rural residence (independent of specialist density) were most strongly associated with GI cancer-related mortality. CONCLUSIONS Both patient and structural factors contribute to significant geographic differences in mortality from GI cancers. Our findings support continued public health efforts to reduce smoking use and improve care for rural patients, which may contribute to a reduction in disparities in GI cancer-related death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Ma
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Stephen E. Congly
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Darius E. Chyou
- Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | | | - Nauzer Forbes
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada,Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Erica S. Tsang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology & Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, California,Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Daniel A. Sussman
- Division of Digestive Health and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - David S. Goldberg
- Division of Digestive Health and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
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Markowski A, Jaromin A, Migdał P, Olczak E, Zygmunt A, Zaremba-Czogalla M, Pawlik K, Gubernator J. Design and Development of a New Type of Hybrid PLGA/Lipid Nanoparticle as an Ursolic Acid Delivery System against Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:5536. [PMID: 35628352 PMCID: PMC9143619 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite many attempts, trials, and treatment procedures, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) still ranks among the most deadly and treatment-resistant types of cancer. Hence, there is still an urgent need to develop new molecules, drugs, and therapeutic methods against PDAC. Naturally derived compounds, such as pentacyclic terpenoids, have gained attention because of their high cytotoxic activity toward pancreatic cancer cells. Ursolic acid (UA), as an example, possesses a wide anticancer activity spectrum and can potentially be a good candidate for anti-PDAC therapy. However, due to its minimal water solubility, it is necessary to prepare an optimal nano-sized vehicle to overcome the low bioavailability issue. Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) polymeric nanocarriers seem to be an essential tool for ursolic acid delivery and can overcome the lack of biological activity observed after being incorporated within liposomes. PLGA modification, with the addition of PEGylated phospholipids forming the lipid shell around the polymeric core, can provide additional beneficial properties to the designed nanocarrier. We prepared UA-loaded hybrid PLGA/lipid nanoparticles using a nanoprecipitation method and subsequently performed an MTT cytotoxicity assay for AsPC-1 and BxPC-3 cells and determined the hemolytic effect on human erythrocytes with transmission electron microscopic (TEM) visualization of the nanoparticles and their cellular uptake. Hybrid UA-loaded lipid nanoparticles were also examined in terms of their stability, coating dynamics, and ursolic acid loading. We established innovative and repeatable preparation procedures for novel hybrid nanoparticles and obtained biologically active nanocarriers for ursolic acid with an IC50 below 20 µM, with an appropriate size for intravenous dosage (around 150 nm), high homogeneity of the sample (below 0.2), satisfactory encapsulation efficiency (up to 70%) and excellent stability. The new type of hybrid UA-PLGA nanoparticles represents a further step in the development of potentially effective PDAC therapies based on novel, biologically active, and promising triterpenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Markowski
- Department of Lipids and Liposomes, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland; (A.J.); (E.O.); (A.Z.); (M.Z.-C.)
| | - Anna Jaromin
- Department of Lipids and Liposomes, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland; (A.J.); (E.O.); (A.Z.); (M.Z.-C.)
| | - Paweł Migdał
- Polish Academy of Science Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Weigla 12, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland; (P.M.); (K.P.)
- Department of Environment Hygiene and Animal Welfare, Bee Division, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chelmońskiego 38C, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Ewa Olczak
- Department of Lipids and Liposomes, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland; (A.J.); (E.O.); (A.Z.); (M.Z.-C.)
| | - Adrianna Zygmunt
- Department of Lipids and Liposomes, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland; (A.J.); (E.O.); (A.Z.); (M.Z.-C.)
| | - Magdalena Zaremba-Czogalla
- Department of Lipids and Liposomes, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland; (A.J.); (E.O.); (A.Z.); (M.Z.-C.)
| | - Krzysztof Pawlik
- Polish Academy of Science Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Weigla 12, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland; (P.M.); (K.P.)
| | - Jerzy Gubernator
- Department of Lipids and Liposomes, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland; (A.J.); (E.O.); (A.Z.); (M.Z.-C.)
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21
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Ortega MA, Fraile-martinez O, Pekarek L, García-montero C, Alvarez-mon MA, Castellanos AJ, García-honduvilla N, Buján J, Alvarez-mon M, Sáez MA, Guijarro LG, Asúnsolo A. Oxidative Stress Markers Are Associated with a Poor Prognosis in Patients with Pancreatic Cancer. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:759. [PMID: 35453444 PMCID: PMC9029757 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11040759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a malignancy of rising prevalence, especially in developed countries where dietary patterns and sedentariness favor its onset. This malady ranks seventh in cancer-related deaths in the world, although it is expected to rank second in the coming years, behind lung cancer. The low survival rate is due to the asymptomatic course of the early stages, which in many cases leads to metastases when becoming evident in advanced stages. In this context, molecular pathology is on the way towards finding new approaches with biomarkers that allow a better prognosis and monitoring of patients. So the present study aims to evaluate a series of molecular biomarkers, PARP1, NOX1, NOX2, eNOS and iNOS, as promising candidates for prognosis and survival by using immunohistochemistry. The analysis performed in 41 patients with pancreatic cancer showed a correlation between a high expression of all these components with a low survival rate, with high statistical power for all. In addition, a 60-month longitudinal surveillance program was managed, accompanied by several clinical parameters. The derivative Kaplan–Meier curves indicated a low cumulative survival rate as well. Ultimately, our research emphasized the value of these molecules as survival-associated biomarkers in pancreatic cancer, offering new gates for clinical management.
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22
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Aziz MH, van Dongen JC, Saida L, Suker M, van Vugt JLA, van Putten Y, Sideras K, Groen JV, Mieog JSD, Lucassen CJ, Droop A, Mauff K, Shahbazi Feshtali S, Groot Koerkamp B, Mustafa DAM, van Eijck CJ. High Systemic Immune Inflammation Index Is Associated With Low Skeletal Muscle Quantity in Resectable Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:827755. [PMID: 35296013 PMCID: PMC8919513 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.827755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Failing immune surveillance in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is related to poor prognosis. PDAC is also characterized by its substantial alterations to patients’ body composition. Therefore, we investigated associations between the host systemic immune inflammation response and body composition in patients with resected PDAC. Methods Patients who underwent a pancreatectomy for PDAC between 2004 and 2016 in two tertiary referral centers were included. Skeletal muscle mass quantity and muscle attenuation, as well as subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue at the time of diagnosis, were determined by CT imaging measured transversely at the third lumbar vertebra level. Baseline clinicopathological characteristics, laboratory values including the systemic immune inflammation index (SIII), postoperative, and survival outcomes were collected. Results A total of 415 patients were included, and low skeletal muscle mass quantity was found in 273 (65.7%) patients. Of the body composition indices, only low skeletal muscle mass quantity was independently associated with a high (≥900) SIII (OR 7.37, 95% CI 2.31-23.5, p=0.001). The SIII was independently associated with disease-free survival (HR 1.86, 95% CI 1.12-3.04), and cancer-specific survival (HR 2.21, 95% CI 1.33-3.67). None of the body composition indices were associated with survival outcomes. Conclusion This study showed a strong association between preoperative low skeletal muscle mass quantity and elevated host systemic immune inflammation in patients with resected PDAC. Understanding how systemic inflammation may contribute to changes in body composition or whether reversing these changes may affect the host systemic immune inflammation response could expose new therapeutic possibilities for improving patients’ survival outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hosein Aziz
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jelle C van Dongen
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Lawlaw Saida
- Department of Pathology, The Tumor Immuno-Pathology Laboratory, Erasmus, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Mustafa Suker
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jeroen L A van Vugt
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Yordi van Putten
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Kostandinos Sideras
- Divisions of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Jesse V Groen
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - J Sven D Mieog
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Claudia J Lucassen
- Department of Dietetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Anneke Droop
- Department of Dietetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Katya Mauff
- Department of Biostatistics, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Bas Groot Koerkamp
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Dana A M Mustafa
- Department of Pathology, The Tumor Immuno-Pathology Laboratory, Erasmus, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Casper J van Eijck
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Pathology, The Tumor Immuno-Pathology Laboratory, Erasmus, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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23
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Narayanan S, Vicent S, Ponz-Sarvisé M. PDAC as an Immune Evasive Disease: Can 3D Model Systems Aid to Tackle This Clinical Problem? Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:787249. [PMID: 34957115 PMCID: PMC8703167 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.787249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive cancer with a high mortality rate. The presence of a dense desmoplastic stroma rich in fibroblasts, extracellular matrix, and immune cells plays a critical role in disease progression, therapy response and is a distinguishing feature of PDAC. PDAC is currently treated with a combination of surgery, chemotherapy and radiation therapy in selected cases which results in long-term survival only in a small percentage of patients. Cancer therapies that incorporate immunotherapy-based techniques have become increasingly common in recent years. While such a strategy has been shown to be effective for immunogenic, “hot” tumors like melanoma and lung cancer, thus far PDAC patients display poor responses to this therapeutic approach. Various factors, such as low tumor mutational burden, increased infiltration of immunosuppressive cells, like MDSCs and Treg cells promote tolerance and immune deviation, further aggravating adaptive immunity in PDAC. In this review we will elaborate on the ability of PDAC tumors to evade immune detection. We will also discuss various 3D model system that can be used as a platform in preclinical research to investigate rational combinations of immunotherapy with chemotherapy or targeted therapy, to prime the immune microenvironment to enhance antitumor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruthi Narayanan
- Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Medical Oncology Department, Pamplona, Spain
- Program in Solid Tumors, Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Silve Vicent
- Program in Solid Tumors, Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- *Correspondence: Silve Vicent, ; Mariano Ponz-Sarvisé,
| | - Mariano Ponz-Sarvisé
- Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Medical Oncology Department, Pamplona, Spain
- Program in Solid Tumors, Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- *Correspondence: Silve Vicent, ; Mariano Ponz-Sarvisé,
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24
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Terao T, Kumagi T, Hyodo I, Yokota T, Azemoto N, Miyata H, Kuroda T, Ohno Y, Tanaka Y, Shibata N, Imamura Y, Kanemitsu K, Miyake T, Koizumi M, Hiasa Y. Simple prognostic markers for optimal treatment of patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e27591. [PMID: 34713835 PMCID: PMC8556012 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000027591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Most patients with pancreatic cancer are ineligible for curative resection at diagnosis, resulting in poor prognosis. This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic factors in patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer.We retrospectively collected clinical data from 196 patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer who received palliative chemotherapy (N = 153) or palliative care alone (N = 43) from January 2011 to December 2013. Patients' background data and overall survival were analyzed using the Cox proportional hazard regression model.In patients receiving palliative chemotherapy (gemcitabine-based regimen, 88.2%) and palliative care alone, the median (range) ages were 68 (43-91) and 78 (53-90) years, and metastatic diseases were present in 80% (N = 123) and 86% (N = 37), respectively. Multivariate analysis in the palliative chemotherapy patients showed that liver metastasis (hazard ratio [HR] 2.25, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.58-3.20, P < .001), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (>4.5 vs ≤4.5; HR 3.45, 95% CI 2.22-5.36, P < .001), and cancer antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) (≥900 vs <900 U/mL; HR 1.45, 95% CI 1.02-2.05, P = .036) were independent prognostic factors. In those receiving palliative care alone, lung (HR 3.27, 95% Cl 1.46-7.35, p = 0.004) and peritoneum (HR 2.50, 95% CI 1.20-5.18, P = .014) metastases and the C-reactive protein-to-albumin ratio (≥1.3 vs <1.3; HR 3.33, 95% Cl 1.51-7.35, P = .003) were independent prognostic factors. Furthermore, patients with multiple factors had worse prognosis in both groups. Median survival time of palliative chemotherapy patients with risk factors 0, 1, 2, and 3 were 13.1 (95% CI 8.0-16.9), 9.4 (95% CI 7.9-10.1), 6.6 (95% CI 4.9-7.8), and 2.5 (95% CI 1.7-4.0) months, respectively. Similarly, median survival time was 5.7 (95% CI 1.3 -8.0), 2.1 (95% CI 1.5-3.9), and 1.3 (95% CI 0.6-1.7) months, respectively, for palliative care alone patients with risk factor 0, 1, and 2 to 3.Prognostic markers for pancreatic cancer were neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, liver metastasis, and CA19-9 in patients undergoing palliative chemotherapy and C-reactive protein-to-albumin ratio and lung/peritoneum metastases in patients undergoing palliative care alone. These simple markers should be considered when explaining the prognosis and therapeutic options to patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Terao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Hospital Organization Shikoku Cancer Center, Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan
| | - Teru Kumagi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, Japan
- Post Graduate Medical Education Center, Ehime University Hospital, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Ichinosuke Hyodo
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Hospital Organization Shikoku Cancer Center, Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Yokota
- Center for Liver-Biliary-Pancreatic Diseases, Matsuyama Red Cross Hospital, Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Azemoto
- Center for Liver-Biliary-Pancreatic Diseases, Matsuyama Red Cross Hospital, Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan
| | - Hideki Miyata
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ehime Prefectural Central Hospital, Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan
| | - Taira Kuroda
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ehime Prefectural Central Hospital, Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Ohno
- Department of Gastroenterology, Uwajima Municipal Hospital, Uwajima, Ehime, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Matsuyama Shimin Hospital, Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan
| | - Naozumi Shibata
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ehime Prefectural Niihama Hospital, Niihama, Ehime, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Imamura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Kozue Kanemitsu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Teruki Miyake
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Mitsuhito Koizumi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Yoichi Hiasa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, Japan
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Gimotty PA, Till JE, Udgata S, Takenaka N, Yee SS, LaRiviere MJ, O'Hara MH, Reiss KA, O'Dwyer P, Katona BW, Herman D, Carpenter EL, Zaret KS. THSB2 as a prognostic biomarker for patients diagnosed with metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Oncotarget 2021; 12:2266-2272. [PMID: 34733417 PMCID: PMC8555682 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.28099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients newly diagnosed with metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma generally have poor survival, with heterogeneous rates of progression. Biomarkers that could predict progression and/or survival would help inform patients and providers as they make care decisions. In a previous retrospective study, we discovered that circulating thrombospondin-2 (THBS2) could, in combination with CA19-9, better distinguish patients with PDAC versus healthy controls. Here we evaluated whether THBS2 levels, previously not known to be prognostic, were associated with outcome in 68 patients at time of diagnosis of metastatic PDAC. Specifically, we interrogated the association of THBS2 level, alone or in combination with CA19-9, with progression by 90 days and/or survival to 180 days. The results indicate that elevated THBS2 levels alone, at the time of a metastatic PDAC diagnosis, can identify patients with a shorter time to death and thus help patients and providers when planning treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phyllis A Gimotty
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Jacob E Till
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Shirsa Udgata
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Naomi Takenaka
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Stephanie S Yee
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michael J LaRiviere
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mark H O'Hara
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kim A Reiss
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Peter O'Dwyer
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Bryson W Katona
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Daniel Herman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Erica L Carpenter
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kenneth S Zaret
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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26
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George B, Kent M, Surinach A, Lamarre N, Cockrum P. The Association of Real-World CA 19-9 Level Monitoring Patterns and Clinical Outcomes Among Patients With Metastatic Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:754687. [PMID: 34671563 PMCID: PMC8522478 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.754687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pancreatic cancer is expected to be the third deadliest cancer in the US in 2021. Evaluation of treatment response in patients with mPDAC necessitates scheduled clinical and radiographic assessments along with monitoring serum CA 19-9 levels. Currently available single-institution data examining the importance of CA 19-9 monitoring cannot be generalized to real-world settings. We investigated the impact of serum CA 19-9 monitoring and its association with clinical outcomes in patients with mPDAC in a population-based setting. Methods Data were extracted from the Flatiron Health electronic health record (EHR)-derived de-identified database for patients diagnosed with mPDAC between January 1, 2015, and June 30, 2020. Serum CA 19-9 levels at baseline – defined as the values obtained ≤ 60 days prior to treatment initiation - and during treatment were extracted. CA 19-9 levels > 40 IU/mL were considered elevated. Survival outcomes were compared based on testing frequency, baseline CA 19-9 levels, and change in CA 19-9. Results 6,118 patients with mPDAC who received treatment were included in the analysis. The median age at diagnosis was 68 years (IQR: 61-75). Patients with normal baseline CA 19-9 experienced longer median survival than patients with elevated levels [1L: 8.8 months (95% CI: 7.9 - 10) vs. 7.2 months (6.8 – 7.5), p < 0.001; 2L: 7.2 months (6.1 – 9.2) vs. 5.2 months (4.9 – 5.6), p < 0.001; 3L: 6.1 months (5.4 – 9.1) vs. 3.9 months (3.4 – 4.3), p < 0.001]. Patients with decreasing/stable CA 19-9 during treatment experienced longer survival than patients who experienced an increase in CA 19-9 levels [1L: 10.9 months (10.5 – 11.3) vs. 5.4 months (5.1 – 5.9), p < 0.0001; 2L: 8.2 months (7.7 – 8.5) vs. 4.3 months (4.1 – 4.7), p < 0.001; 3L: 7.5 months (6.6 – 9.2) vs. 3.7 months (3.4 – 4.3), p < 0.001]. Conclusions In one of the largest, contemporary, real-world studies of patients with mPDAC, elevated CA 19-9 level at treatment initiation demonstrated a prognostic impact. Routine serial monitoring of CA 19-9 levels during treatment may be warranted, in addition to clinical and radiographic assessment, and may translate into better patient outcomes. Further validation studies are needed to understand the generalizability of these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben George
- Department of Medical Oncology, Froedtert & the Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Matthew Kent
- Real World Data Analytics, Genesis Research, Hoboken, NJ, United States
| | - Andy Surinach
- Real World Data Analytics, Genesis Research, Hoboken, NJ, United States
| | - Neil Lamarre
- Real World Data Analytics, Genesis Research, Hoboken, NJ, United States
| | - Paul Cockrum
- Oncology HEOR, Ipsen, Cambridge, MA, United States
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Eid M, Karousi P, Kunovský L, Tuček Š, Brančíková D, Kala Z, Slabý O, Mayer J, Kontos CK, Trna J. The Role of Circulating MicroRNAs in Patients with Early-Stage Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma. Biomedicines 2021; 9:1468. [PMID: 34680585 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9101468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is increasing in incidence and is still associated with a high rate of mortality. Only a minority of patients are diagnosed in the early stage. Radical surgery is the only potential curative procedure. However, radicality is reached in 20% of patients operated on. Despite the multidisciplinary approach in resectable tumors, early tumor recurrences are common. Options on how to select optimal candidates for resection remain limited. Nevertheless, accumulating evidence shows an important role of circulating non-coding plasma and serum microRNAs (miRNAs), which physiologically regulate the function of a target protein. miRNAs also play a crucial role in carcinogenesis. In PDAC patients, the expression levels of certain miRNAs vary and may modulate the function of oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes. As they can be detected in a patient's blood, they have the potential to become promising non-invasive diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. Moreover, they may also serve as markers of chemoresistance. Thus, miRNAs could be useful for early and accurate diagnosis, prognostic stratification, and individual treatment planning. In this review, we summarize the latest findings on miRNAs in PDAC patients, focusing on their potential use in the early stage of the disease.
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Hu H, Qu C, Tang B, Liu W, Ma Y, Chen Y, Xie X, Zhuang Y, Gao H, Tian X, Yang Y. Validation and modification of the AJCC 8th TNM staging system for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma in a Chinese cohort: A nationwide pancreas data center analysis. Chin J Cancer Res 2021; 33:457-469. [PMID: 34584371 PMCID: PMC8435826 DOI: 10.21147/j.issn.1000-9604.2021.04.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To validate the 8th edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) in a Chinese cohort of radically resected patients and to develop a refined staging system for PDAC. Methods Data were collected from the China Pancreas Data Center (CPDC) for patients with resected PDAC in 2016 and 2017, and cancer-specific survival (CSS) was evaluated using the Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test. Univariate and multivariate analyses based on Cox regression were performed to identify prognostic factors. The recursive partitioning analysis (RPA), Kaplan-Meier method, and log-rank test were performed on the training dataset to generate a proposed modification for the 8th TNM staging system utilizing the preoperative carbohydrate antigen (CA)19-9 level. Validation was performed for both staging systems in the validation cohort. Results A total of 1,676 PDAC patients were retrieved, and the median CSS was significantly different between the 8th TNM groupings, with no significant difference in survival between stage IB and IIA. The analysis of T and N stages demonstrated a better prognostic value in the N category. Multivariate analysis showed that the preoperative serum CA19-9 level was the strongest prognostic indicator among all the independent risk factors. All patients with CA19-9 >500 U/mL had similar survival, and we proposed a new staging system by combining IB and IIA and stratifying all patients with high CA19-9 into stage III. The modified staging system had a better performance for predicting CSS than the 8th AJCC staging scheme. Conclusions The 8th AJCC staging system for PDAC is suitable for a Chinese cohort of resected patients, and the N category has a better prognostic value than the T category. Our modified staging system has superior accuracy in predicting survival than the 8th AJCC TNM staging system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Hu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Aerospace Center Hospital, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chang Qu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Bingjun Tang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Weikang Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Yongsu Ma
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Yiran Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Xuehai Xie
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Yan Zhuang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Hongqiao Gao
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Xiaodong Tian
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Yinmo Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
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Dujardin P, Baginska AK, Urban S, Grüner BM. Unraveling Tumor Heterogeneity by Using DNA Barcoding Technologies to Develop Personalized Treatment Strategies in Advanced-Stage PDAC. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4187. [PMID: 34439341 PMCID: PMC8394487 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13164187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor heterogeneity is a hallmark of many solid tumors, including pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), and an inherent consequence of the clonal evolution of cancers. As such, it is considered the underlying concept of many characteristics of the disease, including the ability to metastasize, adapt to different microenvironments, and to develop therapy resistance. Undoubtedly, the high mortality of PDAC can be attributed to a high extent to these properties. Despite its apparent importance, studying tumor heterogeneity has been a challenging task, mainly due to its complexity and lack of appropriate methods. However, in recent years molecular DNA barcoding has emerged as a sophisticated tool that allows mapping of individual cells or subpopulations in a cell pool to study heterogeneity and thus devise new personalized treatment strategies. In this review, we provide an overview of genetic and non-genetic inter- and intra-tumor heterogeneity and its impact on (personalized) treatment strategies in PDAC and address how DNA barcoding technologies work and can be applied to study this clinically highly relevant question.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Dujardin
- West German Cancer Center, Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Essen at the University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (A.K.B.); (S.U.)
| | - Anna K. Baginska
- West German Cancer Center, Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Essen at the University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (A.K.B.); (S.U.)
| | - Sebastian Urban
- West German Cancer Center, Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Essen at the University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (A.K.B.); (S.U.)
| | - Barbara M. Grüner
- West German Cancer Center, Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Essen at the University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (A.K.B.); (S.U.)
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site Essen/Düsseldorf, 45147 Essen, Germany
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Ratajczak K, Borska S. Cytotoxic and Proapoptotic Effects of Resveratrol in In Vitro Studies on Selected Types of Gastrointestinal Cancers. Molecules 2021; 26:4350. [PMID: 34299624 PMCID: PMC8305210 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26144350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer diseases are currently one of the greatest health challenges in clinical medicine worldwide. Classic methods of treatment often lead to numerous side effects, including the development of multidrug resistance. For this reason, increasing hope is being placed on compounds of natural origin, mainly due to their pleiotropic effect on different types of cells, protective effect on normal cells and toxic effect on cancerous ones. The most studied group are the polyphenolic compounds, which include resveratrol. The effectiveness of polyphenols in the treatment and prevention of many diseases, including cancer of various origins, has become the basis of many scientific studies. The anticancer effect of resveratrol has been demonstrated at all stages of the carcinogenesis process. Additionally, whether administered by itself or in combination with cytostatics, it may play a significant role in the process of reversing multidrug resistance. A review of the effects of resveratrol in in vitro conditions proves that it has a stronger or weaker antiproliferative and proapoptotic effect on the cells of certain neoplasms of the gastrointestinal tract. Despite the differences in the effect of this compound on different types of cancer, a similar tendency can be observed especially regarding the correlation between the concentration of the compound and the incubation time on the one hand and the antitumour effect on the other hand. The information included in this review may prove helpful in planning in vivo and clinical studies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Ratajczak
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Sylwia Borska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland;
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Li A, Hou S, Chen J, Jiang Y. Development and validation of a novel glycolysis-related risk signature for predicting survival in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Clin Chim Acta 2021; 518:156-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2021.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Liu X, Gündel B, Li X, Liu J, Wright A, Löhr M, Arvidsson G, Heuchel R. 3D heterospecies spheroids of pancreatic stroma and cancer cells demonstrate key phenotypes of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Transl Oncol 2021; 14:101107. [PMID: 33946033 PMCID: PMC8111319 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2021.101107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most lethal malignancies, partly due to the dense desmoplasia and a lack of suitable model systems to study. In the present work, we developed a 3D heterospecies spheroid model to study the microenvironmental interactions between tumor cells and stellate cells which can also be employed to test therapeutic regimens. We set up monospheroids and heterospheroids made up from murine pancreatic stellate cells (mPSCs) and human PDAC cells (Panc1), which allowed for direct isolation of mRNA from a mixed cell population followed by an in silico separation of the RNA-seq reads. Global transcript level changes for cells in heterospheroids versus monospheroids were calculated, followed by gene set enrichment analysis and molecular subtype analysis. We observed an apparent shift of Panc1 from the classical to the squamous/basal-like phenotype upon co-culture with mPSCs. Moreover, mPSCs acquired a different cancer-associated fibroblast-related phenotype upon co-culture with Panc1. We analyzed the tumor cell-specific chemosensitivities towards gemcitabine, paclitaxel and SN38 and compared these to published pharmacotranscriptomic signatures. In conclusion, our heterospecies spheroid model reflected key aspects of PDAC and facilitated the study of intercellular interactions between tumor and stroma while additionally proving to be a good model for studying therapeutic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyuan Liu
- Pancreas Cancer Research Lab, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge SE 141 86, Sweden
| | - Beate Gündel
- Pancreas Cancer Research Lab, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge SE 141 86, Sweden
| | - Xidan Li
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge SE 141 86, Sweden
| | - Jianping Liu
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge SE 141 86, Sweden
| | - Anthony Wright
- Division of Biomolecular and Cellular Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge SE 141 86, Sweden
| | - Matthias Löhr
- Pancreas Cancer Research Lab, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge SE 141 86, Sweden
| | - Gustav Arvidsson
- Division of Biomolecular and Cellular Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge SE 141 86, Sweden
| | - Rainer Heuchel
- Pancreas Cancer Research Lab, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge SE 141 86, Sweden.
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Zhuang H, Zhou Z, Ma Z, Huang S, Gong Y, Li Z, Liu C, Wang S, Chen B, Zhang C, Hou B. Prognostic Nomogram for Patients With Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma of Pancreatic Head After Pancreaticoduodenectomy. Clin Med Insights Oncol 2021; 15:11795549211024149. [PMID: 34211308 PMCID: PMC8216341 DOI: 10.1177/11795549211024149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Background: The prognosis of patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) of pancreatic head remains poor, even after potentially curative R0 resection. The aim of this study was to develop an accurate model to predict patients’ prognosis for PDAC of pancreatic head following pancreaticoduodenectomy. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 112 patients with PDAC of pancreatic head after pancreaticoduodenectomy in Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital between 2014 and 2018. Results: Five prognostic factors were identified using univariate Cox regression analysis, including age, histologic grade, American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) Stage 8th, total bilirubin (TBIL), CA19-9. Using all subset analysis and multivariate Cox regression analysis, we developed a nomogram consisted of age, AJCC Stage 8th, perineural invasion, TBIL, and CA19-9, which had higher C-indexes for OS (0.73) and RFS (0.69) compared with AJCC Stage 8th alone (OS: 0.66; RFS: 0.67). The area under the curve (AUC) values of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for the nomogram for OS and RFS were significantly higher than other single parameter, which are AJCC Stage 8th, age, perineural invasion, TBIL, and CA19-9. Importantly, our nomogram displayed higher C-index for OS than previous reported models, indicating a better predictive value of our model. Conclusions: A simple and practical nomogram for patient prognosis in PDAC of pancreatic head following pancreaticoduodenectomy was established, which shows satisfactory predictive efficacy and deserves further evaluation in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongkai Zhuang
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Shantou University of Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Zixuan Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zuyi Ma
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Shantou University of Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Shanzhou Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanfeng Gong
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenchong Li
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunsheng Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shujie Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Department of Breast Cancer, Cancer Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuanzhao Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baohua Hou
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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Tartaglione S, Mancini P, Viggiani V, Chirletti P, Angeloni A, Anastasi E. PIVKA-II: A biomarker for diagnosing and monitoring patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251656. [PMID: 34015010 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an incurable cancer without adequate tumor markers. Our previous study has showed a better diagnostic performance of Protein Induced by Vitamin K Absence II (PIVKA-II) compared to currently used PDAC biomarkers. To corroborate our previous data with a larger sample size and to assess a possible role of PIVKA-II in predicting surgical success. Additionally, to further evaluate the hypothesis of a direct PIVKA-II production by PDAC cells, we examined PIVKA-II tissue expression in a case of PDAC using immunofluorescence. METHODS We enrolled 76 newly diagnosed PDAC patients and selected 11 patients to determine PIVKA-II levels also after surgical resection. An immunofluorescence (IF) study of PIVKA-II tissue expression was carried out in one of them. PIVKA-II serum values were measured by chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay method (CLEIA) on LUMIPULSE G1200 (Fujirebio-Europe, Belgium). RESULTS PIVKA-II serum levels were above the cut-off at baseline in 71 patients (94%) with a median value of 464 mAU/Ml (range 27-40783 mAU/mL); the sensitivity and specificity were 78.67% and 90.67% respectively. Patients with pre-operative PIVKA-II positivity showed a significant decrease (P < 0.015) of median PIVKA-II serum concentrations after surgery: 820 (91-40783) mAU/mL at diagnosis vs 123 (31-4666) mAU/mL post-operatively. IF assay on PDAC sections demonstrated PIVKA-II expression in cancer cells. CONCLUSION These data are the first showing a decreased PIVKA-II serum levels after surgery in PDAC patients and reporting PIVKA-II expression in PDAC tissue. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings and to determine PIVKA-II usefulness in diagnosing and monitoring PDAC patients.
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Sipra QUAR, Islam M, Riaz IB, Zhaohui J, Babiker HM, Bekaii-Saab TS, Sonbol MB. Contemporary Management of Pancreatic Cancer from an Internist Perspective. Am J Med 2021; 134:576-586. [PMID: 33316248 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2020.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Primary care physicians are in a favorable position to curb the growing burden of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. This review aims to provide an overview of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma from a primary care perspective, with a specific focus on risk factors, selection of high-risk individuals for screening, patient presentation at the primary-care clinic, and the role of the internist in supportive care. Overall, the internist is an essential member of the multidisciplinary care team with respect to optimizing patients' quality of life across various stages of the pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mahnoor Islam
- Dow Medical University, Karachi City, Sindh, Pakistan
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Shen Q, Zheng G, Zhou Y, Tong J, Xu S, Gao H, Zhang X, Fu Q. CircRNA circ_0092314 Induces Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition of Pancreatic Cancer Cells via Elevating the Expression of S100P by Sponging miR-671. Front Oncol 2021; 11:675442. [PMID: 33842379 PMCID: PMC8027261 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.675442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Circular RNAs (circRNAs) is a novel class of non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression during cancer progression. Circ_0092314 is a newly discovered circRNA that was upregulated in pancreatic cancer (PAAD) tissues. However, the detailed functions and underlying mechanisms of circ_0092314 in PAAD cells remain unclear. Methods We first determined the expression of circ_0092314 in PAAD and normal tissues and further investigated the functional roles of circ_0092314 in regulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of PAAD cells. We also assessed the regulatory action of circ_0092314 on the microRNA-671 (miR-671) and its target S100P. Results Circ_0092314 was markedly upregulated in PAAD tissues and cells, and its overexpression was closely correlated with worse prognosis of PAAD patients. Functionally, circ_0092314 promotes proliferation, invasion and EMT in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that circ_0092314 directly binds to miR-671 and relieve its suppression of the downstream target S100P, which induces EMT and activates the AKT signaling pathway. The tumor-promoting effects caused by overexpression of circ_0092314 could be revered by re-expression of miR-671 in PAAD cells. Conclusions Overall, our study demonstrates that circ_0092314 exerts critical roles in promoting the EMT features of PAAD cells, and provides insight into how elevated expression of circ_0092314 might influence PAAD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Shen
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Gang Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, The Fifth Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jin Tong
- Department of PICC, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Sanpeng Xu
- Department of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Gao
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaofan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiang Fu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Ge O, Huang A, Wang X, Chen Y, Ye Y, Schomburg L. PALB2 upregulation is associated with a poor prognosis in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Oncol Lett 2021; 21:224. [PMID: 33613713 PMCID: PMC7856690 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
During DNA repair, BRCA1 and BRCA2 interact with the tumor suppressor partner and localizer of BRCA2 (PALB2). PALB2 mutations are associated with an increased risk of breast and ovarian carcinoma, and upregulated PALB2 expression is associated with poor clinical outcomes. The present study investigated the role and prognostic value of PALB2 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). PALB2 expression was inhibited using a small interfering RNA in PDAC cell lines, and the subsequent effects on cell proliferation and migration were investigated. Tissue microarrays from 157 patients undergoing a pancreaticoduodenectomy for PDAC were analyzed via immunohistochemistry, and PALB2 expression was compared with patient outcomes using Kaplan-Meier curves and the multivariate Cox regression model. PALB2-knockdown in PDAC cells had little effect on cell proliferation, but significantly decreased cell migration. Relatively high PALB2 expression was observed in PDAC tissues compared with in peritumoral tissues. Overall survival (OS) was negatively associated with PALB2 expression. TNM stage and PALB2 expression were identified as independent prognostic factors associated with OS via multivariate analysis. Overall, the present study demonstrated that PDAC cell migration was dependent on PALB2, which was further supported by the finding that elevated PALB2 expression in PDAC tissues was associated with poor survival in patients with PDAC. Therefore, PALB2 may serve as a novel prognostic marker in PDAC, which may aid with the development of therapeutic strategies for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ouyang Ge
- Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Anle Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Xiamen Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361003, P.R. China
| | - Xin Wang
- Medical Department for Hematology and Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische University Munich, D-81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Yuling Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, D-10117 Berlin, Germany.,German Rheumatism Research Centre Berlin, Leibniz Institute, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Yuanchun Ye
- Department of Gastroenterology, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian 362000, P.R. China.,Department of Hematology and Oncology, Benjamin Franklin Campus, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, D-12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Lutz Schomburg
- Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
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Akhtar MZ, Hughes D, Silva M. Comment on New Model for Predicting Malignancy in Patients With Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasm by Shimuzi et al. Ann Surg 2021. [PMID: 33443898 DOI: 10.1097/SLA.0000000000004740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Catalano M, Roviello G, Conca R, D'Angelo A, Palmieri VE, Panella B, Petrioli R, Ianza A, Nobili S, Mini E, Ramello M. Clinical Outcomes and Safety of Patients Treated with NAb-Paclitaxel Plus Gemcitabine in Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer: The NAPA Study. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2020; 20:887-895. [PMID: 32957885 DOI: 10.2174/1568009620999200918122426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The phase III MPACT trial demonstrated the superiority of gemcitabine (Gem) combined with Nab-paclitaxel (Nab-P) versus gemcitabine alone in previously untreated patients with metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of Gem/Nab-P in routine clinical practice. METHODS From January 2015 to December 2018, patients with metastatic PDAC receiving firstline treatment with a combination of gemcitabine and Nab-paclitaxel were included in a multicentre retrospective observational study. Exploratory analyses of efficacy, and prognostic and predictive markers, were performed. RESULTS The cohort comprised 115 patients (median age 65 [range 50-84] years) with good performance status (ECOG PS 0-1). The median overall survival (OS) was 11 months (95% CI; 9-13) and the median progression-free survival (PFS) was 6 months (95% CI 5-7). Partial response and stable disease were achieved in 44 and 30 patients, respectively, yielding an overall disease control rate (DCR) of 64.3%. Grade 3-4 hematological toxicity frequency was 22.61% for neutropenia, 5.22% for anemia, and 3.48% for thrombocytopenia. Grade 3 asthenia was recorded in 2.61% of patients. No grade 4 non-hematological events were reported. Dose reduction was necessary in 51.3% of the patients. CONCLUSION Our results confirm the efficacy and safety of a first-line regimen comprising gemcitabine and Nab-paclitaxel in metastatic PDAC in a real-life population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Catalano
- School of Human Health Sciences, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Giandomenico Roviello
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, viale Pieraccini, 6, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - Raffaele Conca
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Onco-Hematology, IRCCS-CROB, Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, via Padre Pio 1, 85028 Rionero, Vulture (PZ), Italy
| | - Alberto D'Angelo
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Valeria Emma Palmieri
- School of Human Health Sciences, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Benedetta Panella
- School of Human Health Sciences, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Roberto Petrioli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, Medical Oncology Unit, University of Siena, Viale Bracci - Policlinico "Le Scotte" 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Anna Ianza
- Oncology Unit, Department of Medical, Surgical, & Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Piazza Ospitale, Trieste, Italy
| | - Stefania Nobili
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, viale Pieraccini, 6, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - Enrico Mini
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, viale Pieraccini, 6, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - Monica Ramello
- 6Oncology Unit, Department of Medical, Surgical, & Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Piazza Ospitale, Trieste, Italy
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Roviello G, Ramello M, Catalano M, D'Angelo A, Conca R, Gasperoni S, Dreoni L, Petrioli R, Ianza A, Nobili S, Aieta M, Mini E. Association between neutropenia and survival to nab-paclitaxel and gemcitabine in patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19281. [PMID: 33159172 PMCID: PMC7648798 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76465-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutropenia is a common side effect associated with nab-paclitaxel gemcitabine (Nab-Gem) therapy. We retrospectively investigated the association between neutropenia induced by first-line Nab-Gem and survival in metastatic pancreatic carcinoma patients. Metastatic pancreatic patients treated with first-line Nab-Gem were included in this retrospective analysis. Neutropenia was categorized using the National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria scale. Outcome measures were overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS) and response rate. 115 patients were analyzed. Median PFS was 7 months (95% CI 5–8) for patients with grade ≥ 3 neutropenia and 6 months (95% CI 5–6) for patients with grade < 3 neutropenia [p = 0.08; hazard ratio (HR 0.68)]. Median OS was 13 months (95% CI 10–18) for patients with grade ≥ 3 neutropenia and 10 months (95% CI 8–13) for patients with grade < 3 neutropenia (p = 0.04; HR 0.44). In multivariate analysis, the occurrence of grade ≥ 3 neutropenia showed a statistically significant association with OS (HR 0.62; 95% CI 0.09–0.86; p = 0.05). Nab-Gem-induced neutropenia is associated with longer survival in metastatic pancreatic cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giandomenico Roviello
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, viale Pieraccini, 6, 50139, Florence, Italy.
| | - Monica Ramello
- Oncology Unit, Department of Medical, Surgical, and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Piazza Ospitale, Trieste, Italy
| | - Martina Catalano
- School of Human Health Sciences, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Alberto D'Angelo
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Raffaele Conca
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Onco-Hematology, IRCCS-CROB, Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, via Padre Pio 1, 85028, Rionero, Vulture, PZ, Italy
| | - Silvia Gasperoni
- Translational Oncology Unit, University Hospital Careggi, Firenze, Toscana, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Dreoni
- School of Human Health Sciences, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Roberto Petrioli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, Medical Oncology Unit, University of Siena, Viale Bracci-Policlinico "Le Scotte", 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Anna Ianza
- Oncology Unit, Department of Medical, Surgical, and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Piazza Ospitale, Trieste, Italy
| | - Stefania Nobili
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, viale Pieraccini, 6, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - Michele Aieta
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Onco-Hematology, IRCCS-CROB, Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, via Padre Pio 1, 85028, Rionero, Vulture, PZ, Italy
| | - Enrico Mini
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, viale Pieraccini, 6, 50139, Florence, Italy
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Perlmutter BC, Hossain MS, Naples R, Tu C, Vilchez V, McMichael J, Tullio K, Simon R, Walsh RM, Augustin T. Survival impact based on hepatic artery lymph node status in pancreatic adenocarcinoma: A study of patients receiving modern chemotherapy. J Surg Oncol 2020; 123:399-406. [PMID: 33159317 DOI: 10.1002/jso.26281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemotherapy for pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has significantly improved in recent years. While the involvement of the hepatic artery lymph node (HALN; station 8a lymph node) likely represents advanced disease, a comparison to patients with metastases on modern chemotherapy is lacking. METHODS Patients who underwent pancreatoduodenectomy with HALN sent for pathologic review at a single institution from 2003 to 2018 were reviewed. Patients who presented with liver-only metastases at the time of PDAC diagnosis (Stage IV) and received chemotherapy were identified. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression modeling was utilized and overall survival (OS) was estimated using Kaplan-Meier analysis. RESULTS Of the 112 patients with a HALN sent for analysis, 17 (15%) were positive and 13 (76%) received chemotherapy. Ninety-four stage IV patients were identified and were significantly more likely to have received a multiagent rather than single-agent chemotherapy regimen compared to HALN positive patients (79.8% vs. 38.5%, p < .001). Median OS was significantly longer in all patients who underwent surgical resection, regardless of HALN status, compared to stage IV patients. CONCLUSIONS Patients undergoing pancreatoduodenectomy with HALN positivity have significantly improved OS compared to patients with stage IV disease. HALN involvement does not significantly alter survival among resected patients and does not warrant preoperative endoscopic ultrasound-guided biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Breanna C Perlmutter
- Department of General Surgery, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Mir Shanaz Hossain
- Department of General Surgery, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Robert Naples
- Department of General Surgery, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Chao Tu
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Valery Vilchez
- Department of General Surgery, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - John McMichael
- Department of General Surgery, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Katherine Tullio
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Robert Simon
- Department of General Surgery, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - R Matthew Walsh
- Department of General Surgery, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Toms Augustin
- Department of General Surgery, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Takehara M, Sato Y, Kimura T, Noda K, Miyamoto H, Fujino Y, Miyoshi J, Nakamura F, Wada H, Bando Y, Ikemoto T, Shimada M, Muguruma N, Takayama T. Cancer-associated adipocytes promote pancreatic cancer progression through SAA1 expression. Cancer Sci 2020; 111:2883-2894. [PMID: 32535957 PMCID: PMC7419047 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although pancreatic cancer often invades peripancreatic adipose tissue, little information is known about cancer-adipocyte interaction. We first investigated the ability of adipocytes to de-differentiate to cancer-associated adipocytes (CAAs) by co-culturing with pancreatic cancer cells. We then examined the effects of CAA-conditioned medium (CAA-CM) on the malignant characteristics of cancer cells, the mechanism underlying those effects, and their clinical relevance in pancreatic cancer. When 3T3-L1 adipocytes were co-cultured with pancreatic cancer cells (PANC-1) using the Transwell system, adipocytes lost their lipid droplets and changed morphologically to fibroblast-like cells (CAA). Adipocyte-specific marker mRNA levels significantly decreased but those of fibroblast-specific markers appeared, characteristic findings of CAA, as revealed by real-time PCR. When PANC-1 cells were cultured with CAA-CM, significantly higher migration/invasion capability, chemoresistance, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) properties were observed compared with control cells. To investigate the mechanism underlying these effects, we performed microarray analysis of PANC-1 cells cultured with CAA-CM and found a 78.5-fold higher expression of SAA1 compared with control cells. When the SAA1 gene in PANC-1 cells was knocked down with SAA1 siRNA, migration/invasion capability, chemoresistance, and EMT properties were significantly attenuated compared with control cells. Immunohistochemical analysis on human pancreatic cancer tissues revealed positive SAA1 expression in 46/61 (75.4%). Overall survival in the SAA1-positive group was significantly shorter than in the SAA1-negative group (P = .013). In conclusion, we demonstrated that pancreatic cancer cells induced de-differentiation in adipocytes toward CAA, and that CAA promoted malignant characteristics of pancreatic cancer via SAA1 expression, suggesting that SAA1 is a novel therapeutic target in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Takehara
- Department of Gastroenterology and OncologyInstitute of Biomedical SciencesTokushima University Graduate SchoolTokushima CityJapan
| | - Yasushi Sato
- Department of Gastroenterology and OncologyInstitute of Biomedical SciencesTokushima University Graduate SchoolTokushima CityJapan
| | - Tetsuo Kimura
- Department of Gastroenterology and OncologyInstitute of Biomedical SciencesTokushima University Graduate SchoolTokushima CityJapan
- Clinic Green HouseKochiJapan
| | - Kazuyoshi Noda
- Department of Gastroenterology and OncologyInstitute of Biomedical SciencesTokushima University Graduate SchoolTokushima CityJapan
| | - Hiroshi Miyamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and OncologyInstitute of Biomedical SciencesTokushima University Graduate SchoolTokushima CityJapan
| | - Yasuteru Fujino
- Department of Gastroenterology and OncologyInstitute of Biomedical SciencesTokushima University Graduate SchoolTokushima CityJapan
| | - Jinsei Miyoshi
- Department of Gastroenterology and OncologyInstitute of Biomedical SciencesTokushima University Graduate SchoolTokushima CityJapan
| | - Fumika Nakamura
- Department of Gastroenterology and OncologyInstitute of Biomedical SciencesTokushima University Graduate SchoolTokushima CityJapan
| | - Hironori Wada
- Department of Gastroenterology and OncologyInstitute of Biomedical SciencesTokushima University Graduate SchoolTokushima CityJapan
| | - Yoshimi Bando
- Division of PathologyTokushima University HospitalTokushima CityJapan
| | - Tetsuya Ikemoto
- Department of SurgeryInstitute of Health BiosciencesTokushima University Graduate SchoolThe University of TokushimaTokushima CityJapan
| | - Mitsuo Shimada
- Department of SurgeryInstitute of Health BiosciencesTokushima University Graduate SchoolThe University of TokushimaTokushima CityJapan
| | - Naoki Muguruma
- Department of Gastroenterology and OncologyInstitute of Biomedical SciencesTokushima University Graduate SchoolTokushima CityJapan
| | - Tetsuji Takayama
- Department of Gastroenterology and OncologyInstitute of Biomedical SciencesTokushima University Graduate SchoolTokushima CityJapan
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Sperti C, Friziero A, Serafini S, Bissoli S, Ponzoni A, Grego A, Grego E, Moletta L. Prognostic Implications of 18-FDG Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography in Resectable Pancreatic Cancer. J Clin Med 2020; 9:E2169. [PMID: 32659933 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9072169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
There are currently no known preoperative factors for determining the prognosis in pancreatic cancer. The aim of this study was to examine the role of 18-fluorodeoxyglucose (18-FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18-FDG-PET/CT) as a prognostic factor for patients with resectable pancreatic cancer. Data were obtained from a retrospective analysis of patients who had a preoperative PET scan and then underwent pancreatic resection from January 2007 to December 2015. The maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) of 18-FDG-PET/CT was calculated. Patients were divided into high (>3.65) and low (≤3.65) SUVmax groups, and compared in terms of their TNM classification (Union for International Cancer Contro classification), pathological grade, surgical treatment, state of resection margins, lymph node involvement, age, sex, diabetes and serum Carbohydrate Antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9) levels. The study involved 144 patients, 82 with high SUVmax pancreatic cancer and 62 with low SUVmax disease. The two groups’ disease-free and overall survival rates were significantly influenced by tumor stage, lymph node involvement, pathological grade, resection margins and SUVmax. Patients with an SUVmax ≤ 3.65 had a significantly better survival than those with SUVmax > 3.65 (p < 0.001). The same variables were independent predictors of survival on multivariate analysis. The SUVmax calculated with 18-FDG-PET/CT is an important prognostic factor for patients with pancreatic cancer, and may be useful in decisions concerning patients’ therapeutic management.
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Indellicato R, Zulueta A, Caretti A, Trinchera M. Complementary Use of Carbohydrate Antigens Lewis a, Lewis b, and Sialyl-Lewis a (CA19.9 Epitope) in Gastrointestinal Cancers: Biological Rationale Towards A Personalized Clinical Application. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1509. [PMID: 32527016 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbohydrate antigen 19.9 (CA19.9) is used as a tumor marker for clinical and research purposes assuming that it is abundantly produced by gastrointestinal cancer cells due to a cancer-associated aberrant glycosylation favoring its synthesis. Recent data has instead suggested a different picture, where immunodetection on tissue sections matches biochemical and molecular data. In addition to CA19.9, structurally related carbohydrate antigens Lewis a and Lewis b are, in fact, undetectable in colon cancer, due to the down-regulation of a galactosyltransferase necessary for their synthesis. In the pancreas, no differential expression of CA19.9 or cognate glycosyltransferases occurs in cancer. Ductal cells only express such Lewis antigens in a pattern affected by the relative levels of each glycosyltransferase, which are genetically and epigenetically determined. The elevation of circulating antigens seems to depend on the obstruction of neoplastic ducts and loss of polarity occurring in malignant ductal cells. Circulating Lewis a and Lewis b are indeed promising candidates for monitoring pancreatic cancer patients that are negative for CA19.9, but not for improving the low diagnostic performance of such an antigen. Insufficient biological data are available for gastric and bile duct cancer. Studying each patient in a personalized manner determining all Lewis antigens in the surgical specimens and in the blood, together with the status of the tissue-specific glycosylation machinery, promises fruitful advances in translational research and clinical practice.
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