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Chattopadhyay S, Hazra R, Mallick A, Gayen S, Roy S. A review exploring the fusion of oncolytic viruses and cancer immunotherapy: An innovative strategy in the realm of cancer treatment. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2024; 1879:189110. [PMID: 38754793 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2024.189110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are increasingly recognized as potent tools in cancer therapy, effectively targeting and eradicating oncogenic conditions while sparing healthy cells. They enhance antitumor immunity by triggering various immune responses throughout the cancer cycle. Genetically engineered OVs swiftly destroy cancerous tissues and activate the immune system by releasing soluble antigens like danger signals and interferons. Their ability to stimulate both innate and adaptive immunity makes them particularly attractive in cancer immunotherapy. Recent advancements involve combining OVs with other immune therapies, yielding promising results. Transgenic OVs, designed to enhance immunostimulation and specifically target cancer cells, further improve immune responses. This review highlights the intrinsic mechanisms of OVs and underscores their synergistic potential with other immunotherapies. It also proposes strategies for optimizing armed OVs to bolster immunity against tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumyadeep Chattopadhyay
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, NSHM Knowledge Campus, Kolkata-Group of Institutions, Kolkata, West Bengal 700053, India
| | - Rudradeep Hazra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, NSHM Knowledge Campus, Kolkata-Group of Institutions, Kolkata, West Bengal 700053, India
| | - Arijit Mallick
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, NSHM Knowledge Campus, Kolkata-Group of Institutions, Kolkata, West Bengal 700053, India
| | - Sakuntala Gayen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, NSHM Knowledge Campus, Kolkata-Group of Institutions, Kolkata, West Bengal 700053, India
| | - Souvik Roy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, NSHM Knowledge Campus, Kolkata-Group of Institutions, Kolkata, West Bengal 700053, India.
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2
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Xiong D, Wang Q, Wang WM, Sun ZJ. Tuning cellular metabolism for cancer virotherapy. Cancer Lett 2024; 592:216924. [PMID: 38718886 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses (OVs) represent an emerging immunotherapeutic strategy owing to their capacity for direct tumor lysis and induction of antitumor immunity. However, hurdles like transient persistence and moderate efficacy necessitate innovative approaches. Metabolic remodeling has recently gained prominence as a strategic intervention, wherein OVs or combination regimens could reprogram tumor and immune cell metabolism to enhance viral replication and oncolysis. In this review, we summarize recent advances in strategic reprogramming of tumor and immune cell metabolism to enhance OV-based immunotherapies. Specific tactics include engineering viruses to target glycolytic, glutaminolytic, and nucleotide synthesis pathways in cancer cells, boosting viral replication and tumor cell death. Additionally, rewiring T cell and NK cell metabolism of lipids, amino acids, and carbohydrates shows promise to enhance antitumor effects. Further insights are discussed to pave the way for the clinical implementation of metabolically enhanced oncolytic platforms, including balancing metabolic modulation to limit antiviral responses while promoting viral persistence and tumor clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dian Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, PR China
| | - Qing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, PR China
| | - Wei-Ming Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Center of Stomatology, Institute of Oral Precancerous Lesions, Xiangya Hospital, Research Center of Oral and Maxillofacial Tumor, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, PR China.
| | - Zhi-Jun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, PR China.
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3
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Peng C, Xiao P, Li N. Does oncolytic viruses-mediated metabolic reprogramming benefit or harm the immune microenvironment? FASEB J 2024; 38:e23450. [PMID: 38294796 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202301947rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Oncolytic virus immunotherapy as a new tumor therapy has made remarkable achievements in clinical practice. And metabolic reprogramming mediated by oncolytic virus has a significant impact on the immune microenvironment. This review summarized the reprogramming of host cell glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation, and glutamine metabolism by oncolytic virus and illustrated the effects of metabolic reprogramming on the immune microenvironment. It was found that oncolytic virus-induced reprogramming of glucose metabolism in tumor cells has both beneficial and detrimental effects on the immune microenvironment. In addition, oncolytic virus can promote fatty acid synthesis in tumor cells, inhibit oxidative phosphorylation, and promote glutamine catabolism, which facilitates the anti-tumor immune function of immune cells. Therefore, targeted metabolic reprogramming is a new direction to improve the efficacy of oncolytic virus immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengcheng Peng
- Institute of Virology, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Immunology of Wenzhou, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Pengpeng Xiao
- Institute of Virology, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Immunology of Wenzhou, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Nan Li
- Institute of Virology, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Immunology of Wenzhou, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
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4
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Kalafati E, Drakopoulou E, Anagnou NP, Pappa KI. Developing Oncolytic Viruses for the Treatment of Cervical Cancer. Cells 2023; 12:1838. [PMID: 37508503 PMCID: PMC10377776 DOI: 10.3390/cells12141838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer represents one of the most important malignancies among women worldwide. Current therapeutic approaches for cervical cancer are reported not only to be inadequate for metastatic cervical cancer, but are also considered as cytotoxic for several patients leading to serious side effects, which can have negative implications on the quality of life of women. Therefore, there is an urgent need for the development of innovative and effective treatment options. Oncolytic viruses can eventually become effective biological agents, since they preferentially infect and kill cancer cells, while leaving the normal tissue unaffected. Moreover, they are also able to leverage the host immune system response to limit tumor growth. This review aims to systematically describe and discuss the different types of oncolytic viruses generated for targeting cervical cancer cells, as well as the outcome of the combination of virotherapy with conventional therapies. Although many preclinical studies have evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of oncolytic viruses in cervical cancer, the number of clinical trials so far is limited, while their oncolytic properties are currently being tested in clinical trials for the treatment of other malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Kalafati
- Laboratory of Cell and Gene Therapy, Centre of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens (BRFAA), 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Ekati Drakopoulou
- Laboratory of Cell and Gene Therapy, Centre of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens (BRFAA), 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Nicholas P Anagnou
- Laboratory of Cell and Gene Therapy, Centre of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens (BRFAA), 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Kalliopi I Pappa
- Laboratory of Cell and Gene Therapy, Centre of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens (BRFAA), 11527 Athens, Greece
- First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Athens School of Medicine, 11528 Athens, Greece
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5
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Chae HS, Hong ST. Overview of Cancer Metabolism and Signaling Transduction. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24. [PMID: 36613455 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the remarkable progress in cancer treatment up to now, we are still far from conquering the disease. The most substantial change after the malignant transformation of normal cells into cancer cells is the alteration in their metabolism. Cancer cells reprogram their metabolism to support the elevated energy demand as well as the acquisition and maintenance of their malignancy, even in nutrient-poor environments. The metabolic alterations, even under aerobic conditions, such as the upregulation of the glucose uptake and glycolysis (the Warburg effect), increase the ROS (reactive oxygen species) and glutamine dependence, which are the prominent features of cancer metabolism. Among these metabolic alterations, high glutamine dependency has attracted serious attention in the cancer research community. In addition, the oncogenic signaling pathways of the well-known important genetic mutations play important regulatory roles, either directly or indirectly, in the central carbon metabolism. The identification of the convergent metabolic phenotypes is crucial to the targeting of cancer cells. In this review, we investigate the relationship between cancer metabolism and the signal transduction pathways, and we highlight the recent developments in anti-cancer therapy that target metabolism.
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Vorobyev PO, Kochetkov DV, Chumakov PM, Zakirova NF, Zotova-Nefedorova SI, Vasilenko KV, Alekseeva ON, Kochetkov SN, Bartosch B, Lipatova AV, Ivanov AV. 2-Deoxyglucose, an Inhibitor of Glycolysis, Enhances the Oncolytic Effect of Coxsackievirus. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14. [PMID: 36428704 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14225611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the most common types of brain tumor. Despite intensive research, patients with GBM have a poor prognosis due to a very high rate of relapse and significant side effects of the treatment, with a median survival of 14.6 months. Oncolytic viruses are considered a promising strategy to eliminate GBM and other types of cancer, and several viruses have already been introduced into clinical practice. However, identification of the factors that underly the sensitivity of tumor species to oncolytic viruses or that modulate their clinical efficacy remains an important target. Here, we show that Coxsackievirus B5 (CVB5) demonstrates high oncolytic potential towards GBM primary cell species and cell lines. Moreover, 2-deoxyglucose (2DG), an inhibitor of glycolysis, potentiates the cytopathic effects of CVB5 in most of the cancer cell lines tested. The cells in which the inhibition of glycolysis enhanced oncolysis are characterized by high mitochondrial respiratory activity and glycolytic capacity, as determined by Seahorse analysis. Thus, 2-deoxyglucose and other analogs should be considered as adjuvants for oncolytic therapy of glioblastoma multiforme.
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7
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Ailia MJ, Yoo SY. In Vivo Oncolytic Virotherapy in Murine Models of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Systematic Review. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10091541. [PMID: 36146619 PMCID: PMC9505175 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10091541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Current therapies often provide marginal survival benefits at the expense of undesirable side effects. Oncolytic viruses represent a novel strategy for the treatment of HCC due to their inherent ability to cause direct tumor cell lysis while sparing normal tissue and their capacity to stimulate potent immune responses directed against uninfected tumor cells and distant metastases. Oncolytic virotherapy (OVT) is a promising cancer treatment, but before it can become a standard option in practice, several challenges-systemic viral delivery optimization/enhancement, inter-tumoral virus dispersion, anti-cancer immunity cross-priming, and lack of artificial model systems-need to be addressed. Addressing these will require an in vivo model that accurately mimics the tumor microenvironment and allows the scientific community to design a more precise and accurate OVT. Due to their close physiologic resemblance to humans, murine cancer models are the likely preferred candidates. To provide an accurate assessment of the current state of in vivo OVT in HCC, we have reviewed a comprehensively searched body of work using murine in vivo HCC models for OVT.
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Wang S, Wei J. Distinguishing the Pros and Cons of Metabolic Reprogramming in Oncolytic Virus Immunotherapy. Int J Cancer 2022; 151:1654-1662. [PMID: 35633046 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses (OVs) represent a class of cancer immunotherapies that rely on hijacking the host cell factory for replicative oncolysis and eliciting immune responses for tumor clearance. An increasing evidence suggests that the metabolic state of tumor cells and immune cells is a putative determinant of the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy. However, how therapeutic intervention with OVs affects metabolic fluxes within the tumor microenvironment (TME) remains poorly understood. Herein, we review the complexities of metabolic reprogramming involving the effects of viruses and their consequences on tumor cells and immune cells. We highlight the inherent drawback of oncolytic virotherapy, namely that treatment with OVs inevitably further exacerbates the depletion of nutrients and the accumulation of metabolic wastes in the TME, leading to a metabolic barrier to antitumor immune responses. We also describe targeted metabolic strategies that can be used to unlock the therapeutic potential of OVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqun Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Jiwu Wei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
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Abstract
Cancer remains a leading cause of death worldwide. Despite many signs of progress, currently available cancer treatments often do not provide desired outcomes for too many cancers. Therefore, newer and more effective therapeutic approaches are needed. Oncolytic viruses (OVs) have emerged as a novel cancer treatment modality, which selectively targets and kills cancer cells while sparing normal ones. In the past several decades, many different OV candidates have been developed and tested in both laboratory settings as well as in cancer patient clinical trials. Many approaches have been taken to overcome the limitations of OVs, including engineering OVs to selectively activate anti-tumor immune responses. However, newer approaches like the combination of OVs with current immunotherapies to convert "immune-cold" tumors to "immune-hot" will almost certainly improve the potency of OVs. Here, we discuss strategies that are explored to further improve oncolytic virotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masmudur M. Rahman
- Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA;
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10
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Reuss AM, Groos D, Buchfelder M, Savaskan N. The Acidic Brain-Glycolytic Switch in the Microenvironment of Malignant Glioma. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5518. [PMID: 34073734 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant glioma represents a fatal disease with a poor prognosis and development of resistance mechanisms against conventional therapeutic approaches. The distinct tumor zones of this heterogeneous neoplasm develop their own microenvironment, in which subpopulations of cancer cells communicate. Adaptation to hypoxia in the center of the expanding tumor mass leads to the glycolytic and angiogenic switch, accompanied by upregulation of different glycolytic enzymes, transporters, and other metabolites. These processes render the tumor microenvironment more acidic, remodel the extracellular matrix, and create energy gradients for the metabolic communication between different cancer cells in distinct tumor zones. Escape mechanisms from hypoxia-induced cell death and energy deprivation are the result. The functional consequences are more aggressive and malignant behavior with enhanced proliferation and survival, migration and invasiveness, and the induction of angiogenesis. In this review, we go from the biochemical principles of aerobic and anaerobic glycolysis over the glycolytic switch, regulated by the key transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α, to other important metabolic players like the monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs)1 and 4. We discuss the metabolic symbiosis model via lactate shuttling in the acidic tumor microenvironment and highlight the functional consequences of the glycolytic switch on glioma malignancy. Furthermore, we illustrate regulation by micro ribonucleic acids (miRNAs) and the connection between isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation status and glycolytic metabolism. Finally, we give an outlook about the diagnostic and therapeutic implications of the glycolytic switch and the relation to tumor immunity in malignant glioma.
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11
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Anwar S, Shamsi A, Mohammad T, Islam A, Hassan MI. Targeting pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase signaling in the development of effective cancer therapy. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1876:188568. [PMID: 34023419 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pyruvate is irreversibly decarboxylated to acetyl coenzyme A by mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC). Decarboxylation of pyruvate is considered a crucial step in cell metabolism and energetics. The cancer cells prefer aerobic glycolysis rather than mitochondrial oxidation of pyruvate. This attribute of cancer cells allows them to sustain under indefinite proliferation and growth. Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinases (PDKs) play critical roles in many diseases because they regulate PDC activity. Recent findings suggest an altered metabolism of cancer cells is associated with impaired mitochondrial function due to PDC inhibition. PDKs inhibit the PDC activity via phosphorylation of the E1a subunit and subsequently cause a glycolytic shift. Thus, inhibition of PDK is an attractive strategy in anticancer therapy. This review highlights that PDC/PDK axis could be implicated in cancer's therapeutic management by developing potential small-molecule PDK inhibitors. In recent years, a dramatic increase in the targeting of the PDC/PDK axis for cancer treatment gained an attention from the scientific community. We further discuss breakthrough findings in the PDC-PDK axis. In addition, structural features, functional significance, mechanism of activation, involvement in various human pathologies, and expression of different forms of PDKs (PDK1-4) in different types of cancers are discussed in detail. We further emphasized the gene expression profiling of PDKs in cancer patients to prognosis and therapeutic manifestations. Additionally, inhibition of the PDK/PDC axis by small molecule inhibitors and natural compounds at different clinical evaluation stages has also been discussed comprehensively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleha Anwar
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Anas Shamsi
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Taj Mohammad
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Asimul Islam
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Md Imtaiyaz Hassan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India.
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12
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Abstract
Several non-redundant features of the tumour microenvironment facilitate immunosuppression and limit anticancer immune responses. These include physical barriers to immune infiltration, the recruitment of suppressive immune cells and the upregulation of ligands on tumour cells that bind to inhibitory receptors on immune cells. Recent insights into the importance of the metabolic restrictions imposed by the tumour microenvironment on antitumour T cells have begun to inform immunotherapeutic anticancer strategies. Therapeutics that target metabolic restrictions, such as low glucose levels, a low pH, hypoxia and the generation of suppressive metabolites, have shown promise as combination therapies for different types of cancer. In this Review, we discuss the metabolic aspects of the antitumour T cell response in the context of immune checkpoint blockade, adoptive cell therapy and treatment with oncolytic viruses, and discuss emerging combination strategies.
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13
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Stakišaitis D, Damanskienė E, Curkūnavičiūtė R, Juknevičienė M, Alonso MM, Valančiūtė A, Ročka S, Balnytė I. The Effectiveness of Dichloroacetate on Human Glioblastoma Xenograft Growth Depends on Na+ and Mg2+ Cations. Dose Response 2021; 19:1559325821990166. [PMID: 33716589 PMCID: PMC7923996 DOI: 10.1177/1559325821990166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The study's aim was to investigate the effectiveness of sodium dichloroacetate (NaDCA) or magnesium dichloroacetate (MgDCA) on adult U87 MG and pediatric PBT24 cell lines glioblastoma (GB) xenografts in a chicken chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model. The study groups were: treated with 10 mM, 5 mM of NaDCA, and 5 mM, 2.5 mM of MgDCA, and controls. The U87 MG and PBT24 xenografts growth, frequency of tumor invasion into CAM, CAM thickening, and the number of blood vessels in CAM differed depending on the dichloroacetate salt treatment. NaDCA impact on U87 MG and PBT24 tumor on proliferating cell nunclear antigen (PCNA) and enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) expression in the tumor was different, depending on the NaDCA dose. The 5 mM MgDCA impact was more potent and had similar effects on U87 MG and PBT24 tumors, and its impact was also reflected in changes in PCNA and EZH2 expression in tumor cells. The U87 MG and PBT24 tumor response variations to treatment with different NaDCA concentration on tumor growth or a contrast between NaDCA and MgDCA effectiveness may reflect some differences in U87 MG and PBT24 cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donatas Stakišaitis
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania.,Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Institute, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Eligija Damanskienė
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Rūta Curkūnavičiūtė
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Milda Juknevičienė
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Marta Maria Alonso
- Department of Pediatrics, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Angelija Valančiūtė
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Saulius Ročka
- Centre of Neurosurgery, Clinic of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Ingrida Balnytė
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
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14
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Jin KT, Du WL, Liu YY, Lan HR, Si JX, Mou XZ. Oncolytic Virotherapy in Solid Tumors: The Challenges and Achievements. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13040588. [PMID: 33546172 PMCID: PMC7913179 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic virotherapy (OVT) is a promising approach in cancer immunotherapy. Oncolytic viruses (OVs) could be applied in cancer immunotherapy without in-depth knowledge of tumor antigens. The capability of genetic modification makes OVs exciting therapeutic tools with a high potential for manipulation. Improving efficacy, employing immunostimulatory elements, changing the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) to inflammatory TME, optimizing their delivery system, and increasing the safety are the main areas of OVs manipulations. Recently, the reciprocal interaction of OVs and TME has become a hot topic for investigators to enhance the efficacy of OVT with less off-target adverse events. Current investigations suggest that the main application of OVT is to provoke the antitumor immune response in the TME, which synergize the effects of other immunotherapies such as immune-checkpoint blockers and adoptive cell therapy. In this review, we focused on the effects of OVs on the TME and antitumor immune responses. Furthermore, OVT challenges, including its moderate efficiency, safety concerns, and delivery strategies, along with recent achievements to overcome challenges, are thoroughly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Tao Jin
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua 321000, China; (K.-T.J.); (Y.-Y.L.)
| | - Wen-Lin Du
- Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, China;
- Clinical Research Institute, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Yu-Yao Liu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua 321000, China; (K.-T.J.); (Y.-Y.L.)
| | - Huan-Rong Lan
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua 321000, China;
| | - Jing-Xing Si
- Clinical Research Institute, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, China
- Correspondence: (J.-X.S.); (X.-Z.M.); Tel./Fax: +86-571-85893781 (J.-X.S.); +86-571-85893985 (X.-Z.M.)
| | - Xiao-Zhou Mou
- Clinical Research Institute, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, China
- Correspondence: (J.-X.S.); (X.-Z.M.); Tel./Fax: +86-571-85893781 (J.-X.S.); +86-571-85893985 (X.-Z.M.)
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15
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Abstract
Measles virus (MeV) preferentially replicates in malignant cells, leading to tumor lysis and priming of antitumor immunity. Live attenuated MeV vaccine strains are therefore under investigation as cancer therapeutics. The versatile MeV reverse genetics systems allows for engineering of advanced targeted, armed, and shielded oncolytic viral vectors. Therapeutic efficacy can further be enhanced by combination treatments. An emerging focus in this regard is combination immunotherapy, especially with immune checkpoint blockade. Despite challenges arising from antiviral immunity, availability of preclinical models, and GMP production, early clinical trials have demonstrated safety of oncolytic MeV and yielded promising efficacy data. Future clinical trials with engineered viruses, rational combination regimens, and comprehensive translational research programs will realize the potential of oncolytic immunotherapy.
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16
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Leber MF, Neault S, Jirovec E, Barkley R, Said A, Bell JC, Ungerechts G. Engineering and combining oncolytic measles virus for cancer therapy. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2020; 56:39-48. [PMID: 32718830 PMCID: PMC7333629 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2020.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy using tumor-selective, oncolytic viruses is an emerging therapeutic option for solid and hematologic malignancies. A considerable variety of viruses ranging from small picornaviruses to large poxviruses are currently being investigated as potential candidates. In the early days of virotherapy, non-engineered wild-type or vaccine-strain viruses were employed. However, these viruses often did not fully satisfy the major criteria of safety and efficacy. Since the advent of reverse genetics systems for manipulating various classes of viruses, the field has shifted to developing genetically engineered viruses with an improved therapeutic index. In this review, we will summarize the concepts and strategies of multi-level genetic engineering of oncolytic measles virus, a prime candidate for cancer immunovirotherapy. Furthermore, we will provide a brief overview of measles virus-based multimodal combination therapies for improved tumor control and clinical efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias F Leber
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Clinical Cooperation Unit Virotherapy, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Heidelberg University Hospital, Department of Medical Oncology, Im Neuenheimer Feld 460, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Cancer Therapeutics Program, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada.
| | - Serge Neault
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Cancer Therapeutics Program, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Elise Jirovec
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Cancer Therapeutics Program, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Russell Barkley
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Cancer Therapeutics Program, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Aida Said
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L1, Canada; University of Ottawa, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - John C Bell
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Cancer Therapeutics Program, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Guy Ungerechts
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Clinical Cooperation Unit Virotherapy, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Heidelberg University Hospital, Department of Medical Oncology, Im Neuenheimer Feld 460, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Cancer Therapeutics Program, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada
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17
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Abstract
Over the last years, the development of viruses to treat cancer patients has re-gained considerable attention. A genetically modified herpesvirus, Talimogene laherparepvec, has already been authorized for the treatment of melanoma patients. Also recombinant measles virus (MeV) is developed as an oncolytic virus. Because of its high genetic flexibility, a number of different MeV strains have been the basis for the generation of targeted, armed, or shielded viruses that are highly specific for a given tumor target, more effective, or protected against serum neutralization. Such MeV have been extensively tested in vitro and in vivo, whereby remarkable oncolytic potency is accompanied by safety also in non-human primates. Therefore, MeV has been introduced into 19 different clinical trials and has reached phase II against two different tumor entities, multiple myeloma and ovarian carcinoma. Remarkably, one patient with advanced stage myeloma experienced long-term remission after treatment, visualizing the potency of this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Mühlebach
- Division of Veterinary Medicine, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Paul-Ehrlich-Strasse 51-59, D-63225 Langen, Germany.
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18
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Kennedy BE, Sadek M, Gujar SA. Targeted Metabolic Reprogramming to Improve the Efficacy of Oncolytic Virus Therapy. Mol Ther 2020; 28:1417-1421. [PMID: 32243836 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2020.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses (OVs) represent a promising new class of cancer therapeutics and cause antitumor effects by two major mechanisms: (1) directly killing cancer cells in a process known as oncolysis, or (2) initiating a powerful antitumor immune response. Interestingly, energy metabolism, within either cancer cells or immune cells, plays a pivotal role in defining the outcome of OV-mediated antitumor effects. Following therapeutic administration, OVs must hijack host cell metabolic pathways to acquire building blocks such as nucleotides, lipids, and amino acids for the process of replication that is necessary for oncolysis. Additionally, OV-stimulated antitumor immune responses are highly dependent on the metabolic state within the tumor microenvironment. Thus, metabolic reprogramming strategies bear the potential to enhance the efficacy of both OV-mediated oncolysis and antitumor immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry E Kennedy
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 1X5, Canada
| | - Maryanne Sadek
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 1X5, Canada
| | - Shashi A Gujar
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 1X5, Canada; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 1X5, Canada; Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 1X5, Canada; Beatrice Hunter Cancer Research Institute, Halifax, NS B3H 1X5, Canada.
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19
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Meng G, Li B, Chen A, Zheng M, Xu T, Zhang H, Dong J, Wu J, Yu D, Wei J. Targeting aerobic glycolysis by dichloroacetate improves Newcastle disease virus-mediated viro-immunotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma. Br J Cancer 2019; 122:111-120. [PMID: 31819179 PMCID: PMC6964686 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-019-0639-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oncolytic viro-immunotherapy holds promise for cancer treatment. While immune activation can be robustly triggered by oncolytic viruses, negative feedback is often upregulated in the tumour microenvironment (TME). Lactate accumulation, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) activation, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) expression, and myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC) infiltration coordinate to shape the immunosuppressive TME. METHODS Representative hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines and HCC-bearing mice were treated with oncolytic Newcastle disease virus (NDV), alone or in combination with dichloroacetate (DCA, a pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK) inhibitor). RESULTS We found that infection with oncolytic NDV led to significant induction of the aforementioned suppressive factors. Interestingly, DCA significantly reduced lactate release, STAT3 activation, IDO1 upregulation, and MDSC infiltration in NDV-treated HCC. Consequently, DCA significantly enhanced the antitumour immune responses, leading to improved antitumour efficacy and prolonged survival in mouse models of ascitic and subcutaneous HCC. Furthermore, DCA increased NDV replication in a PDK-1-dependent manner in HCC. CONCLUSIONS Targeting aerobic glycolysis by DCA improves NDV-mediated viro-immunotherapy in HCC by mitigating immune negative feedback and promoting viral replication. These findings provide a rationale for targeting reprogrammed metabolism together with oncolytic virus-mediated viro-immunotherapy for HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Meng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Binghua Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Anxian Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Meihong Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Tiancheng Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Hailin Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Jie Dong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Junhua Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Decai Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China.
| | - Jiwu Wei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.
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20
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Al-Shammari AM, Abdullah AH, Allami ZM, Yaseen NY. 2-Deoxyglucose and Newcastle Disease Virus Synergize to Kill Breast Cancer Cells by Inhibition of Glycolysis Pathway Through Glyceraldehyde3-Phosphate Downregulation. Front Mol Biosci 2019; 6:90. [PMID: 31612140 PMCID: PMC6777003 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2019.00090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeting cancer cells metabolism is promising strategy in inhibiting cancer cells progression that are known to exhibit increased aerobic glycolysis. We used the glucose analog 2-Deoxyglucose (2-DG) as a competitor molecule of glucose. To further enhance the effectiveness of 2-DG, the Newcastle disease virus (NDV) was used as a combination virotherapy to enhance the anti-tumor effect. Human and mouse-breast cancer cells were treated by NDV and/or 2-DG. The effect was analyzed by study cell viability, apoptosis and level of glyceraldehyde3-phosphate (GAPDH) by ELISA and QPCR assays. Synergistic cytotoxicity was found after a 72-h treatment of human- and mouse-breast cancer cells with 2-DG in combination with NDV at different concentrations. The synergistic cytotoxicity was accompanied by apoptotic cell death and GAPDH downregulation and inhibition to glycolysis product pyruvate. The combination treatment showed significant tumor growth inhibition compared to single treatments in vivo. Our results suggest the effectiveness of a novel strategy for anti-breast cancer therapy through glycolysis inhibition and GAPDH downregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Majeed Al-Shammari
- Experimental Therapy Department, Iraqi Centre for Cancer and Medical Genetic Research, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Amer Hasan Abdullah
- Experimental Therapy Department, Iraqi Centre for Cancer and Medical Genetic Research, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Zainab Majid Allami
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Nahi Y Yaseen
- Experimental Therapy Department, Iraqi Centre for Cancer and Medical Genetic Research, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
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21
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Stakišaitis D, Juknevičienė M, Damanskienė E, Valančiūtė A, Balnytė I, Alonso MM. The Importance of Gender-Related Anticancer Research on Mitochondrial Regulator Sodium Dichloroacetate in Preclinical Studies In Vivo. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11081210. [PMID: 31434295 PMCID: PMC6721567 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11081210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Sodium dichloroacetate (DCA) is an investigational medicinal product which has a potential anticancer preparation as a metabolic regulator in cancer cells’ mitochondria. Inhibition of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinases by DCA keeps the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex in the active form, resulting in decreased lactic acid in the tumor microenvironment. This literature review displays the preclinical research data on DCA’s effects on the cell pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency, pyruvate mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, reactive oxygen species generation, and the Na+–K+–2Cl− cotransporter expression regulation in relation to gender. It presents DCA pharmacokinetics and the hepatocarcinogenic effect, and the safety data covers the DCA monotherapy efficacy for various human cancer xenografts in vivo in male and female animals. Preclinical cancer researchers report the synergistic effects of DCA combined with different drugs on cancer by reversing resistance to chemotherapy and promoting cell apoptosis. Researchers note that female and male animals differ in the mechanisms of cancerogenesis but often ignore studying DCA’s effects in relation to gender. Preclinical gender-related differences in DCA pharmacology, pharmacological mechanisms, and the elucidation of treatment efficacy in gonad hormone dependency could be relevant for individualized therapy approaches so that gender-related differences in treatment response and safety can be proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donatas Stakišaitis
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Institute, 08660 Vilnius, Lithuania.
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania.
| | - Milda Juknevičienė
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Eligija Damanskienė
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Angelija Valančiūtė
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Ingrida Balnytė
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Marta Maria Alonso
- Department of Pediatrics, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, University of Navarra, 55 Pamplona, Spain.
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22
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Kennedy BE, Murphy JP, Clements DR, Konda P, Holay N, Kim Y, Pathak GP, Giacomantonio MA, Hiani YE, Gujar S. Inhibition of Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase Enhances the Antitumor Efficacy of Oncolytic Reovirus. Cancer Res 2019; 79:3824-3836. [PMID: 31088833 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-2414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses (OV) such as reovirus preferentially infect and kill cancer cells. Thus, the mechanisms that dictate the susceptibility of cancer cells to OV-induced cytotoxicity hold the key to their success in clinics. Here, we investigated whether cancer cell metabolism defines its susceptibility to OV and if OV-induced metabolic perturbations can be therapeutically targeted. Using mass spectrometry-based metabolomics and extracellular flux analysis on a panel of cancer cell lines with varying degrees of susceptibility to reovirus, we found that OV-induced changes in central energy metabolism, pyruvate metabolism, and oxidative stress correlate with their susceptibility to reovirus. In particular, reovirus infection accentuated Warburg-like metabolic perturbations in cell lines relatively resistant to oncolysis. These metabolic changes were facilitated by oxidative stress-induced inhibitory phosphorylation of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) that impaired the routing of pyruvate into the tricarboxylic acid cycle and established a metabolic state unsupportive of OV replication. From the therapeutic perspective, reactivation of PDH in cancer cells that were weakly sensitive for reovirus, either through PDH kinase (PDK) inhibitors dichloroacetate and AZD7545 or short hairpin RNA-specific depletion of PDK1, enhanced the efficacy of reovirus-induced oncolysis in vitro and in vivo. These findings identify targeted metabolic reprogramming as a possible combination strategy to enhance the antitumor effects of OV in clinics. SIGNIFICANCE: This study proposes targeted metabolic reprogramming as a valid combinatorial strategy to enhance the translational efficacy of oncolytic virus-based cancer therapies.Graphical Abstract: http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/canres/79/15/3824/F1.large.jpg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry E Kennedy
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | | | - Derek R Clements
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Prathyusha Konda
- Department Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Namit Holay
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Youra Kim
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Gopal P Pathak
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | | | - Yassine El Hiani
- Department Physiology and Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Shashi Gujar
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. .,Department Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.,Department Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.,Centre for Innovative and Collaborative Health Systems Research, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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23
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Grein TA, Loewe D, Dieken H, Weidner T, Salzig D, Czermak P. Aeration and Shear Stress Are Critical Process Parameters for the Production of Oncolytic Measles Virus. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2019; 7:78. [PMID: 31058145 PMCID: PMC6478815 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic Measles virus is a promising candidate for cancer treatment, but clinical studies have shown that extremely high doses (up to 1011 TCID50 per dose) are required to effect a cure. Very high titers of the virus must therefore be achieved during production to ensure an adequate supply. We have previously shown that Measles virus can be produced in Vero cells growing on a Cytodex 1 microcarrier in serum-containing medium using a stirred-tank reactor (STR). However, process optimization and further process transfer or scale up requires the identification of critical process parameters, particularly because the use of STRs increases the risk of cell damage and lower product yields due to shear stress. Using a small-scale STR (0.5 L working volume) we found that Measles virus titers are sensitive to agitator-dependent shear, with shear stress ≥0.25 N m-2 reducing the titer by more than four orders of magnitude. This effect was observed in both serum-containing and serum-free medium. At this scale, virus of titers up to 1010 TCID50 mL-1 could be achieved with an average shear stress of 0.1 N m-2. We also found that the aeration method affected the virus titer. Aeration was necessary to ensure a sufficient oxygen supply to the Vero cells, and CO2 was also needed to regulate the pH of the sodium bicarbonate buffer system. Continuous gassing with air and CO2 reduced the virus titer by four orders of magnitude compared to head-space aeration. The manufacture of oncolytic Measles virus in a STR can therefore be defined as a shear-sensitive process, but high titers can nevertheless be achieved by keeping shear stress levels below 0.25 N m-2 and by avoiding extensive gassing of the medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja A. Grein
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Daniel Loewe
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Hauke Dieken
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Tobias Weidner
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Denise Salzig
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Peter Czermak
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen, Giessen, Germany
- Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
- Project group Bioresources, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), Giessen, Germany
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24
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Velpula KK, Guda MR, Sahu K, Tuszynski J, Asuthkar S, Bach SE, Lathia JD, Tsung AJ. Metabolic targeting of EGFRvIII/PDK1 axis in temozolomide resistant glioblastoma. Oncotarget 2018; 8:35639-35655. [PMID: 28410193 PMCID: PMC5482605 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastomas are characterized by amplification of EGFR. Approximately half of tumors with EGFR over-expression also express a constitutively active ligand independent EGFR variant III (EGFRvIII). While current treatments emphasize surgery followed by radiation and chemotherapy with Temozolomide (TMZ), acquired chemoresistance is a universal feature of recurrent GBMs. To mimic the GBM resistant state, we generated an in vitro TMZ resistant model and demonstrated that dichloroacetate (DCA), a metabolic inhibitor of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 (PDK1), reverses the Warburg effect. Microarray analysis conducted on the TMZ resistant cells with their subsequent treatment with DCA revealed PDK1 as its sole target. DCA treatment also induced mitochondrial membrane potential change and apoptosis as evidenced by JC-1 staining and electron microscopic studies. Computational homology modeling and docking studies confirmed DCA binding to EGFR, EGFRvIII and PDK1 with high affinity. In addition, expression of EGFRvIII was comparable to PDK1 when compared to EGFR in GBM surgical specimens supporting our in silico prediction data. Collectively our current study provides the first in vitro proof of concept that DCA reverses the Warburg effect in the setting of EGFRvIII positivity and TMZ resistance leading to GBM cytotoxicity, implicating cellular tyrosine kinase signaling in cancer cell metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran K Velpula
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, IL, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, IL, USA
| | - Maheedhara R Guda
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, IL, USA
| | - Kamlesh Sahu
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Jack Tuszynski
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Swapna Asuthkar
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, IL, USA
| | - Sarah E Bach
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, IL, USA
| | - Justin D Lathia
- Department of Cellular and Molecular medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Andrew J Tsung
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, IL, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, IL, USA.,Illinois Neurological Institute, Peoria, IL, USA
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25
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Dad A, Jeong CH, Wagner ED, Plewa MJ. Haloacetic Acid Water Disinfection Byproducts Affect Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Activity and Disrupt Cellular Metabolism. Environ Sci Technol 2018; 52:1525-1532. [PMID: 29261292 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b04290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The disinfection of drinking water has been a major public health achievement. However, haloacetic acids (HAAs), generated as byproducts of water disinfection, are cytotoxic, genotoxic, mutagenic, carcinogenic, and teratogenic. Previous studies of monoHAA-induced genotoxicity and cell stress demonstrated that the toxicity was due to inhibition of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), leading to disruption of cellular metabolism and energy homeostasis. DiHAAs and triHAAs are also produced during water disinfection, and whether they share mechanisms of action with monoHAAs is unknown. In this study, we evaluated the effects of mono-, di-, and tri-HAAs on cellular GAPDH enzyme kinetics, cellular ATP levels, and pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) activity. Here, treatments conducted in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells revealed differences among mono-, di-, and triHAAs in their molecular targets. The monoHAAs, iodoacetic acid and bromoacetic acid, were the strongest inhibitors of GAPDH and greatly reduced cellular ATP levels. Chloroacetic acid, diHAAs, and triHAAs were weaker inhibitors of GAPDH and some increased the levels of cellular ATP. HAAs also affected PDC activity, with most HAAs activating PDC. The primary finding of this work is that mono- versus multi-HAAs address different molecular targets, and the results are generally consistent with a model in which monoHAAs activate the PDC through GAPDH inhibition-mediated disruption in cellular metabolites, including altering ATP-to-ADP and NADH-to-NAD ratios. The monoHAA-mediated reduction in cellular metabolites results in accelerated PDC activity by way of metabolite-ratio-dependent PDC regulation. DiHAAs and triHAAs are weaker inhibitors of GAPDH, but many also increase cellular ATP levels, and we suggest that they increase PDC activity by inhibiting pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azra Dad
- Safe Global Water Institute and ‡Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | | | - Elizabeth D Wagner
- Safe Global Water Institute and ‡Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Michael J Plewa
- Safe Global Water Institute and ‡Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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26
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Stacpoole PW. Therapeutic Targeting of the Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex/Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase (PDC/PDK) Axis in Cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 2017; 109:3871192. [PMID: 29059435 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djx071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) irreversibly decarboxylates pyruvate to acetyl coenzyme A, thereby linking glycolysis to the tricarboxylic acid cycle and defining a critical step in cellular bioenergetics. Inhibition of PDC activity by pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK)-mediated phosphorylation has been associated with the pathobiology of many disorders of metabolic integration, including cancer. Consequently, the PDC/PDK axis has long been a therapeutic target. The most common underlying mechanism accounting for PDC inhibition in these conditions is post-transcriptional upregulation of one or more PDK isoforms, leading to phosphorylation of the E1α subunit of PDC. Such perturbations of the PDC/PDK axis induce a "glycolytic shift," whereby affected cells favor adenosine triphosphate production by glycolysis over mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and cellular proliferation over cellular quiescence. Dichloroacetate is the prototypic xenobiotic inhibitor of PDK, thereby maintaining PDC in its unphosphorylated, catalytically active form. However, recent interest in the therapeutic targeting of the PDC/PDK axis for the treatment of cancer has yielded a new generation of small molecule PDK inhibitors. Ongoing investigations of the central role of PDC in cellular energy metabolism and its regulation by pharmacological effectors of PDKs promise to open multiple exciting vistas into the biochemical understanding and treatment of cancer and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter W Stacpoole
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL
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27
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Han JE, Lim PW, Na CM, Choi YS, Lee JY, Kim Y, Park HW, Moon HE, Heo MS, Park HR, Kim DG, Paek SH. Inhibition of HIF1α and PDK Induces Cell Death of Glioblastoma Multiforme. Exp Neurobiol 2017; 26:295-306. [PMID: 29093638 PMCID: PMC5661062 DOI: 10.5607/en.2017.26.5.295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 10/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and aggressive form of brain tumors. GBMs, like other tumors, rely relatively less on mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and utilize more aerobic glycolysis, and this metabolic shift becomes augmented under hypoxia. In the present study, we investigated the physiological significance of altered glucose metabolism and hypoxic adaptation in the GBM cell line U251 and two newly established primary GBMs (GBM28 and GBM37). We found that these three GBMs exhibited differential growth rates under hypoxia compared to those under normoxia. Under normoxia, the basal expressions of HIF1α and the glycolysis-associated genes, PDK1, PDK3, and GLUT1, were relatively low in U251 and GBM28, while their basal expressions were high in GBM37. Under hypoxia, the expressions of these genes were enhanced further in all three GBMs. Treatment with dichloroacetate (DCA), an inhibitor of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK), induced cell death in GBM28 and GBM37 maintained under normoxia, whereas DCA effects disappeared under hypoxia, suggesting that hypoxic adaptation dominated DCA effects in these GBMs. In contrast, the inhibition of HIF1α with chrysin suppressed the expression of PDK1, PDK3, and GLUT1 and markedly promoted cell death of all GBMs under both normoxia and hypoxia. Interestingly, however, GBMs treated with chrysin under hypoxia still sustained higher viability than those under normoxia, and chrysin and DCA co-treatment was unable to eliminate this hypoxia-dependent resistance. Together, these results suggest that hypoxic adaptation is critical for maintaining viability of GBMs, and targeting hypoxic adaptation can be an important treatment option for GBMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwon Esther Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03082, Korea
| | - Pyung Won Lim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03082, Korea
| | - Chul Min Na
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03082, Korea
| | - You Sik Choi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03082, Korea
| | - Joo Young Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03082, Korea
| | - Yona Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03082, Korea
| | - Hyung Woo Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03082, Korea
| | - Hyo Eun Moon
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03082, Korea
| | - Man Seung Heo
- Smart Healthcare Medical Device Research Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Hye Ran Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03082, Korea
| | - Dong Gyu Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03082, Korea
| | - Sun Ha Paek
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03082, Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03082, Korea.,Hypoxia Ischemia Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03082, Korea
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Oncolytic viruses represent a novel treatment modality that is unencumbered by the standard resistance mechanisms limiting the therapeutic efficacy of conventional antineoplastic agents. Attenuated engineered measles virus strains derived from the Edmonston vaccine lineage have undergone extensive preclinical evaluation with significant antitumor activity observed in a broad range of preclinical tumoral models. These have laid the foundation for several clinical trials in both solid and hematologic malignancies, which have demonstrated safety, biologic activity and the ability to elicit antitumor immune responses. Areas covered: This review examines the published preclinical data which supported the clinical translation of this therapeutic platform, reviews the available clinical trial data and expands on ongoing phase II testing. It also looks at approaches to optimize clinical applicability and offers future perspectives. Expert opinion: Reverse genetic engineering has allowed the generation of oncolytic MV strains retargeted to increase viral tumor specificity, or armed with therapeutic and immunomodulatory genes in order to enhance anti-tumor efficacy. Continuous efforts focusing on exploring methods to overcome resistance pathways and determining optimal combinatorial strategies will facilitate further development of this encouraging antitumor strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Robinson
- a Division of Medical Oncology , Mayo Clinic , Rochester , MN , USA
| | - Evanthia Galanis
- a Division of Medical Oncology , Mayo Clinic , Rochester , MN , USA
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29
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Jung GS, Jeon JH, Choi YK, Jang SY, Park SY, Kim SW, Byun JK, Kim MK, Lee S, Shin EC, Lee IK, Kang YN, Park KG. Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase regulates hepatitis C virus replication. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30846. [PMID: 27471054 DOI: 10.1038/srep30846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
During replication, hepatitis C virus (HCV) utilizes macromolecules produced by its host cell. This process requires host cellular metabolic reprogramming to favor elevated levels of aerobic glycolysis. Therefore, we evaluated whether pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK), a mitochondrial enzyme that promotes aerobic glycolysis, can regulate HCV replication. Levels of c-Myc, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), PDK1, PDK3, glucokinase, and serine biosynthetic enzymes were compared between HCV-infected and uninfected human liver and Huh-7.5 cells infected with or without HCV. Protein and mRNA expression of c-Myc, HIF-1α, and glycolytic enzymes were significantly higher in HCV-infected human liver and hepatocytes than in uninfected controls. This increase was accompanied by upregulation of serine biosynthetic enzymes, suggesting cellular metabolism was altered toward facilitated nucleotide synthesis essential for HCV replication. JQ1, a c-Myc inhibitor, and dichloroacetate (DCA), a PDK inhibitor, decreased the expression of glycolytic and serine synthetic enzymes in HCV-infected hepatocytes, resulting in suppressed viral replication. Furthermore, when co-administered with IFN-α or ribavirin, DCA further inhibited viral replication. In summary, HCV reprograms host cell metabolism to favor glycolysis and serine biosynthesis; this is mediated, at least in part, by increased PDK activity, which provides a surplus of nucleotide precursors. Therefore, blocking PDK activity might have therapeutic benefits against HCV replication.
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30
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Wang B, Yan X, Guo Q, Li Y, Zhang H, Xie JS, Meng X. Deficiency of caspase 3 in tumor xenograft impairs therapeutic effect of measles virus Edmoston strain. Oncotarget 2016; 6:16019-30. [PMID: 25909216 PMCID: PMC4599253 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The oncolytic measles virus Edmonston (MV-Edm) strain shows considerable oncolytic activity against a variety of human tumors. In this study, we report MV-Edm is able to trigger apoptosis pathways in infected tumor cells and elucidate the roles of cellular apoptosis in the whole oncolytic process. We also show that activated caspase 3, a key executioner of apoptosis, plays key roles in the oncolytic virotherapy. Activated caspase 3 can accelerate viral replication in cervical cancer cells and enhance the killing effects of the virus. Deficiency of caspase 3 either in tumor cells or in tumor xenograft significantly desensitized tumor to oncolysis with MV-Edm. In the infected cells, caspase 3 regulates interferon α release, which can inhibit viral replication in neighboring tumor cells. We propose that caspase-3 activation enhances the oncolytic effects of MV-Edm, thus inhibiting tumor growth in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences of China Medical University Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Xu Yan
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Qingguo Guo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences of China Medical University Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Oncology, Tumour Angiogenesis and Microenvironment Laboratory (TAML), First Affiliated Hospital, Liaoning Medical College, Jinzhou, P.R. China
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Ji Sheng Xie
- Department of Ecsomatics, Youjiang Medical College for Nationalities, Baise City, P.R. China
| | - Xin Meng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences of China Medical University Shenyang, P.R. China
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31
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Fujiyuki T, Yoneda M, Amagai Y, Obayashi K, Ikeda F, Shoji K, Murakami Y, Sato H, Kai C. A measles virus selectively blind to signaling lymphocytic activation molecule shows anti-tumor activity against lung cancer cells. Oncotarget 2015; 6:24895-903. [PMID: 26317644 PMCID: PMC4694801 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer cells, particularly those of non-small-cell lung cancer, are known to express Nectin-4. We previously generated a recombinant measles virus that uses Nectin-4 as its receptor but cannot bind its original principal receptor, signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM). This virus (rMV-SLAMblind) infects and kills breast cancer cells in vitro and in a subcutaneous xenograft model. However, it has yet to be determined whether rMV-SLAMblind is effective against other cancer types and in other tumor models that more closely represent disease. In this study, we analyzed the anti-tumor activity of this virus towards lung cancer cells using a modified variant that encodes green fluorescent protein (rMV-EGFP-SLAMblind). We found that rMV-EGFP-SLAMblind efficiently infected nine, human, lung cancer cell lines, and its infection resulted in reduced cell viability of six cell lines. Administration of the virus into subcutaneous tumors of xenotransplanted mice suppressed tumor growth. In addition, rMV-EGFP-SLAMblind could target scattered tumor masses grown in the lungs of xenotransplanted mice. These results suggest that rMV-SLAMblind is oncolytic for lung cancer and that it represents a promising tool for the treatment of this disease.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/genetics
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/therapy
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/virology
- Cell Adhesion Molecules/genetics
- Cell Adhesion Molecules/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Female
- Flow Cytometry
- Green Fluorescent Proteins/genetics
- Green Fluorescent Proteins/metabolism
- Humans
- Lung Neoplasms/genetics
- Lung Neoplasms/therapy
- Lung Neoplasms/virology
- Measles virus/genetics
- Measles virus/metabolism
- Measles virus/physiology
- Mice, SCID
- Microscopy, Fluorescence
- Oncolytic Virotherapy/methods
- Oncolytic Viruses/genetics
- Oncolytic Viruses/metabolism
- Oncolytic Viruses/physiology
- Receptors, Cell Surface/genetics
- Receptors, Cell Surface/metabolism
- Signaling Lymphocytic Activation Molecule Family Member 1
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Fujiyuki
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Misako Yoneda
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Yosuke Amagai
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Kunie Obayashi
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Fusako Ikeda
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Koichiro Shoji
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Murakami
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Hiroki Sato
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Chieko Kai
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
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