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Chen L, Gong J, Yong X, Li Y, Wang S. A review of typical biological activities of glycyrrhetinic acid and its derivatives. RSC Adv 2024; 14:6557-6597. [PMID: 38390501 PMCID: PMC10882267 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra08025k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Glycyrrhetinic acid, a triterpenoid compound primarily sourced from licorice root, exhibits noteworthy biological attributes, including anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, antibacterial, antiviral, and antioxidant effects. Despite these commendable effects, its further advancement and application, especially in clinical use, have been hindered by its limited druggability, including challenges such as low solubility and bioavailability. To enhance its biological activity and pharmaceutical efficacy, numerous research studies focus on the structural modification, associated biological activity data, and underlying mechanisms of glycyrrhetinic acid and its derivatives. This review endeavors to systematically compile and organize glycyrrhetinic acid derivatives that have demonstrated outstanding biological activities over the preceding decade, delineating their molecular structures, biological effects, underlying mechanisms, and future prospects for assisting researchers in finding and designing novel glycyrrhetinic acid derivatives, foster the exploration of structure-activity relationships, and aid in the screening of potential candidate compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Chen
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy Hainan Medical University No. 3, XueYuan Road, LongHua District Haikou City Hainan Province 571199 China
| | - Jingwen Gong
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy Hainan Medical University No. 3, XueYuan Road, LongHua District Haikou City Hainan Province 571199 China
| | - Xu Yong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Youbin Li
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy Hainan Medical University No. 3, XueYuan Road, LongHua District Haikou City Hainan Province 571199 China
| | - Shuojin Wang
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy Hainan Medical University No. 3, XueYuan Road, LongHua District Haikou City Hainan Province 571199 China
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Yang Y, Nan Y, Du YH, Huang SC, Lu DD, Zhang JF, Li X, Chen Y, Zhang L, Yuan L. 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid promotes gastric cancer cell autophagy and inhibits proliferation by regulating miR-328-3p/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3. World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29:4317-4333. [PMID: 37545635 PMCID: PMC10401664 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i27.4317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common cancer types worldwide, and its prevention and treatment methods have garnered much attention. As the active ingredient of licorice, 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid (18β-GRA) has a variety of pharmacological effects. The aim of this study was to explore the effective target of 18β-GRA in the treatment of GC, in order to provide effective ideas for the clinical prevention and treatment of GC.
AIM To investigate the mechanism of 18β-GRA in inhibiting cell proliferation and promoting autophagy flux in GC cells.
METHODS Whole transcriptomic analyses were used to analyze and screen differentially expressed microRNAs (miRNAs) in GC cells after 18β-GRA intervention. Lentivirus-transfected GC cells and the Cell Counting Kit-8 were used to detect cell proliferation ability, cell colony formation ability was detected by the clone formation assay, and flow cytometry was used to detect the cell cycle and apoptosis. A nude mouse transplantation tumor model of GC cells was constructed to verify the effect of miR-328-3p overexpression on the tumorigenicity of GC cells. Tumor tissue morphology was observed by hematoxylin and eosin staining, and microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3) expression was detected by immunohistochemistry. TransmiR, STRING, and miRWalk databases were used to predict the relationship between miR-328-3p and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3)-related information. Expression of STAT3 mRNA and miR-328-3p was detected by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and the expression levels of STAT3, phosphorylated STAT3 (p-STAT3), and LC3 were detected by western blot analysis. The targeted relationship between miR-328-3p and STAT3 was detected using the dual-luciferase reporter gene system. AGS cells were infected with monomeric red fluorescent protein-green fluorescent protein-LC3 adenovirus double label. LC3 was labeled and autophagy flow was observed under a confocal laser microscope.
RESULTS The expression of miR-328-3p was significantly upregulated after 18β-GRA intervention in AGS cells (P = 4.51E-06). Overexpression of miR-328-3p inhibited GC cell proliferation and colony formation ability, arrested the cell cycle in the G0/G1 phase, promoted cell apoptosis, and inhibited the growth of subcutaneous tumors in BALB/c nude mice (P < 0.01). No obvious necrosis was observed in the tumor tissue in the negative control group (no drug intervention or lentivirus transfection) and vector group (the blank vector for lentivirus transfection), and more cells were loose and necrotic in the miR-328-3p group. Bioinformatics tools predicted that miR-328-3p has a targeting relationship with STAT3, and STAT3 was closely related to autophagy markers such as p62. After overexpressing miR-328-3p, the expression level of STAT3 mRNA was significantly decreased (P < 0.01) and p-STAT3 was downregulated (P < 0.05). The dual-luciferase reporter gene assay showed that the luciferase activity of miR-328-3p and STAT3 3’ untranslated regions of the wild-type reporter vector group was significantly decreased (P < 0.001). Overexpressed miR-328-3p combined with bafilomycin A1 (Baf A1) was used to detect the expression of LC3 II. Compared with the vector group, the expression level of LC3 II in the overexpressed miR-328-3p group was downregulated (P < 0.05), and compared with the Baf A1 group, the expression level of LC3 II in the overexpressed miR-328-3p + Baf A1 group was upregulated (P < 0.01). The expression of LC3 II was detected after intervention of 18β-GRA in GC cells, and the results were consistent with the results of miR-328-3p overexpression (P < 0.05). Additional studies showed that 18β-GRA promoted autophagy flow by promoting autophagosome synthesis (P < 0.001). qPCR showed that the expression of STAT3 mRNA was downregulated after drug intervention (P < 0.05). Western blot analysis showed that the expression levels of STAT3 and p-STAT3 were significantly downregulated after drug intervention (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION 18β-GRA promotes the synthesis of autophagosomes and inhibits GC cell proliferation by regulating the miR-328-3p/STAT3 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yang
- Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Yi Nan
- Key Laboratory of Ningxia Minority Medicine Modernization Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Yu-Hua Du
- Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Shi-Cong Huang
- Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Dou-Dou Lu
- Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Jun-Fei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ningxia Minority Medicine Modernization Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Xia Li
- Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Ningxia Minority Medicine Modernization Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ningxia Minority Medicine Modernization Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Ling Yuan
- Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
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Li X, Du Y, Huang S, Yang Y, Lu D, Zhang J, Chen Y, Zhang L, Nan Y, Yuan L. Exploring the molecular mechanism of glycyrrhetinic acid in the treatment of gastric cancer based on network pharmacology and experimental validation. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:3839-3856. [PMID: 37171392 PMCID: PMC10449304 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
There is a wide range of pharmacological effects for glycyrrhetinic acid (GRA). Previous studies have shown that GRA could inhibit the proliferation of tumor cells, showing a promising value in the treatment of gastric cancer (GC). Nonetheless, the precise mechanism of the effect of GRA on GC remains unclear. We explored cellular and molecular mechanisms of GRA based on network pharmacology and in vitro experimental validation. In this study, we predicted 156 potential therapeutic targets for GC with GRA from public databases. We then screened the hub targets using protein-protein interaction network (PPI) and conducted clinical correlation analysis. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment showed that GRA made anti-GC effects through multiple targets and pathways, particularly the MAPK signaling pathway. Next, molecular docking results revealed a potential interaction between GRA and MAPK3. In addition, qRT-PCR experiments revealed that 18β-GRA was able to suppress mRNA expression of KRAS, ERK1 and ERK2 in AGS cells. Western blotting results also revealed that 18β-GRA was able to suppress the expression of KRAS and p-ERK1/2 proteins in AGS cells. Additionally, immunofluorescence assays revealed that 18β-GRA inhibited p-ERK1/2 nuclear translocation in AGS cells. These results systematically reveal that 18β-GRA may have anti-tumor effects on GC by modulating the MAPK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Li
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Yuhua Du
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Shicong Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Yi Yang
- College of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Doudou Lu
- College of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Junfei Zhang
- College of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Traditional Chinese Medicine College, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization of Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Yi Nan
- Traditional Chinese Medicine College, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
- Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization of Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Ling Yuan
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
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Kumar A, Gupta R, Rashid H, Bhat AM, Sharma RR, Naikoo SH, Kaur S, Tasduq SA. Synthesis, molecular docking, and biological evaluation of [3,2- b]indole fused 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid derivatives against skin melanoma. RSC Adv 2023; 13:11130-11141. [PMID: 37056972 PMCID: PMC10086573 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra08023k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma, the most serious yet uncommon type of cancer, originates in melanocytes. Risk factors include UV radiation, genetic factors, tanning lamps and beds. Here, we described the synthesis and selective anti melanoma activity of [3,2-b]indole fused 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid, a derivative of 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid in murine B16F10 and A375 human melanoma cell lines. Among the 14 molecules, GPD-12 showed significant selective cytotoxic activity against A375 and B16F10 cell lines with IC50 of 13.38 μM and 15.20 μM respectively. GPD 12 induced the formation of reactive oxygen species in A375 cells that could trigger oxidative stress mediated cell death as is evident from the increased expression of apoptosis related proteins such as caspase-9 and caspase-3 and the increased ratio of Bax to Bcl2. The results showed that GPD 12 can be used as an effective therapeutic agent against melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar
- Natural Product and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine Jammu-180001 Jammu and Kashmir India
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University Amritsar-143005 India
| | - Ragni Gupta
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine Jammu-180001 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad-201002 India
| | - Haroon Rashid
- Sher-e-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences Soura Srinagar-190011 Jammu and Kashmir India
| | - Aalim Maqsood Bhat
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine Jammu-180001 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad-201002 India
| | - Raghu Rai Sharma
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine Jammu-180001 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad-201002 India
| | - Shahid Hussain Naikoo
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine Jammu-180001 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad-201002 India
| | - Sarabjit Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University Amritsar-143005 India
| | - Sheikh Abdullah Tasduq
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine Jammu-180001 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad-201002 India
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Langer D, Wicher B, Dutkiewicz Z, Bendzinska-Berus W, Bednarczyk-Cwynar B, Tykarska E. Polymorphism of Butyl Ester of Oleanolic Acid—The Dominance of Dispersive Interactions over Electrostatic. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076572. [PMID: 37047544 PMCID: PMC10095383 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Oleanolic (OA) and glycyrrhetinic acids (GE), as well as their derivatives, show a variety of pharmacological properties. Their crystal structures provide valuable information related to the assembly modes of these biologically active compounds. In the known-to-date crystals of OA esters, their 11-oxo derivatives, and GE ester crystals, triterpenes associate, forming different types of ribbons and layers whose construction is based mainly on van der Waals forces and weak C-H···O interactions. New crystal structures of 11-oxo OA methyl ester and the polymorph of OA butyl ester reveal an alternative aggregation mode. Supramolecular architectures consist of helical chains which are stabilized by hydrogen bonds of O-H···O type. It was found that two polymorphic forms of butyl OA ester (layered and helical) are related monotropically. In a structure of metastable form, O-H···O hydrogen bonds occur, while the thermodynamically preferred phase is governed mainly by van der Waals interactions. The intermolecular interaction energies calculated using CrystalExplorer, PIXEL, and Psi4 programs showed that even in motifs formed through O-H···O hydrogen bonds, the dispersive forces have a significant impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Langer
- Department of Chemical Technology of Drugs, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznan, Poland
| | - Barbara Wicher
- Department of Chemical Technology of Drugs, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznan, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Dutkiewicz
- Department of Chemical Technology of Drugs, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznan, Poland
| | - Wioletta Bendzinska-Berus
- Department of Chemical Technology of Drugs, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznan, Poland
| | - Barbara Bednarczyk-Cwynar
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznan, Poland
| | - Ewa Tykarska
- Department of Chemical Technology of Drugs, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznan, Poland
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Shinu P, Gupta GL, Sharma M, Khan S, Goyal M, Nair AB, Kumar M, Soliman WE, Rahman A, Attimarad M, Venugopala KN, Altaweel AAA. Pharmacological Features of 18β-Glycyrrhetinic Acid: A Pentacyclic Triterpenoid of Therapeutic Potential. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:1086. [PMID: 36903944 PMCID: PMC10005454 DOI: 10.3390/plants12051086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Glycyrrhiza glabra L. (belonging to the family Leguminosae), commonly known as Licorice, is a popular medicinal plant that has been used in traditional medicine worldwide for its ethnopharmacological efficacy in treating several ailments. Natural herbal substances with strong biological activity have recently received much attention. The main metabolite of glycyrrhizic acid is 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid (18βGA), a pentacyclic triterpene. A major active plant component derived from licorice root, 18βGA has sparked a lot of attention due to its pharmacological properties. The current review thoroughly examines the literature on 18βGA, a major active plant component obtained from Glycyrrhiza glabra L. The current work provides insight into the pharmacological activities of 18βGA and the potential mechanisms of action involved. The plant contains a variety of phytoconstituents such as 18βGA, which has a variety of biological effects including antiasthmatic, hepatoprotective, anticancer, nephroprotective, antidiabetic, antileishmanial, antiviral, antibacterial, antipsoriasis, antiosteoporosis, antiepileptic, antiarrhythmic, and anti-inflammatory, and is also useful in the management of pulmonary arterial hypertension, antipsychotic-induced hyperprolactinemia, and cerebral ischemia. This review examines research on the pharmacological characteristics of 18βGA throughout recent decades to demonstrate its therapeutic potential and any gaps that may exist, presenting possibilities for future drug research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pottathil Shinu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Girdhari Lal Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM’s NMIMS University, Shirpur 425405, India
| | - Manu Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, National Forensic Sciences University Delhi Campus, New Delhi 110085, India
| | - Shahzad Khan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manoj Goyal
- Department of Anesthesia Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences in Jubail, Imam Abdul Rahman Bin Faisal University, Jubail 35816, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anroop B. Nair
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manish Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, M. M. College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to Be University), Ambala 133201, India
| | - Wafaa E. Soliman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Mansoura 11152, Egypt
| | - Aminur Rahman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahesh Attimarad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Katharigatta N. Venugopala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Durban University of Technology, Durban 4000, South Africa
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Hu L, He C, Mo A, Zhan X, Yang C, Guo W, Sun L, Su W, Lin L. A Mechanism Exploration for the Yi-Fei-San-Jie Formula against Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Based on UPLC-MS/MS, Network Pharmacology, and In Silico Verification. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2023; 2023:3436814. [PMID: 36654811 DOI: 10.1155/2023/3436814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the most prevalent cancers worldwide. A Yi-Fei-San-Jie formula (YFSJF), widely used in NSCLC treatment in south China, has been validated in clinical studies. However, the pharmacological mechanism behind it remains unclear. In this study, 73 compounds were identified using ultraperformance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS), with 58 enrolled in network pharmacology. The protein-protein interaction network, functional enrichment analysis, and compound-target-pathway network were constructed using 74 overlapping targets from 58 drugs and NSCLC. YFSJF has many targets and pathways in the fight against NSCLC. PIK3R1, PIK3CA, and AKT1 were identified as key targets, and the PI3K/AKT pathway was identified as the key pathway. According to the Human Protein Atlas (THPA) database and the Kaplan-Meier Online website, the three key targets had varying expression levels in normal and abnormal tissues and were linked to prognosis. Molecular docking and dynamics simulations verified that hub compounds have a strong affinity with three critical targets. This study revealed multiple compounds, targets, and pathways for YFSJF against NSCLC and suggested that YFSJF might inhibit PIK3R1, PIK3CA, and AKT1 to suppress the PI3K/AKT pathway and play its pharmacological role.
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Sun W, Zhang ND, Zhang T, Li YN, Xue H, Cao JL, Hou WS, Liu J, Wang Y, Jin CH. Cyanidin-3-O-Glucoside Induces the Apoptosis of Human Gastric Cancer MKN-45 Cells through ROS-Mediated Signaling Pathways. Molecules 2023; 28. [PMID: 36677726 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G), an active ingredient in anthocyanins, mainly exists in dark cereals. C3G was investigated for its effect on human gastric cancer (GC) cells, together with its molecular mechanism. The CCK-8 assay results showed that C3G had significant antiproliferative effects on GC cells, but it had little effect on normal cells. Western blot and flow cytometry results showed that C3G regulated the reduction of mitochondrial membrane potential and arrested the cell cycle in the G2/M phase through the AKT signaling pathway, causing the cells to undergo apoptosis. Additionally, in MKN-45 cells, C3G markedly raised intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. The wound healing assay and Transwell assay results showed that MKN-45 cell migration was significantly inhibited. Western blot results showed that the expression of E-cadherin protein was upregulated and the expressions of β-catenin, N-cadherin, and Vimentin were downregulated. Additionally, following N-acetylcysteine treatment, the expression levels of these proteins were reduced. In conclusion, C3G caused MKN-45 cells to undergo apoptosis; arrested the cell cycle in the G2/M phase; hindered cell migration; and activated the MAPK, STAT3, and NF-κB signaling pathways, by inducing an increase in ROS levels. Thus, C3G may be a promising new medication for the treatment of GC.
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Shi F, Li R, Wang W, Yu X, Zhu F, Huang Y, Wang J, Zhang Z. Carboxymethyl starch as a solid dispersion carrier to enhance the dissolution and bioavailability of piperine and 18 β-glycyrrhetinic acid. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2023; 49:30-41. [PMID: 36803327 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2023.2182120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the applicability of carboxymethyl starch (CMS) as a carrier to prepare solid dispersions (SDs) of piperine (PIP) and 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid (β-GA) (PIP-CMS and β-GA-CMS SDs) and to explore the influence of drug properties on carrier selection. SIGNIFICANCE The low oral bioavailability of natural therapeutic molecules, including PIP and β-GA, severely restricts their pharmaceutical applications. Moreover, CMS, a natural polymer, is rarely reported as a carrier for SDs. METHODS PIP-CMS and β-GA-CMS SDs were prepared using the solvent evaporation method. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used for formulation characterization. Additionally, drug release characteristics were investigated. RESULTS In vitro dissolution studies showed that the dissolutions of PIP-CMS and β-GA-CMS SDs were 1.90-2.04 and 1.97-2.22 times higher than pure PIP and β-GA, respectively, at a drug:polymer ratio of 1:6. DSC, XRPD, FT-IR, and SEM analyses confirmed the formation of SDs in their amorphous states. Significant improvements in Cmax and AUC0-24 h of PIP-CMS and β-GA-CMS SDs (17.51 ± 8.15 μg/mL and 210.28 ± 117.13 μg·h/mL, respectively) and (32.17 ± 9.45 μg/mL and 165.36 ± 38.75 μg·h/mL, respectively) were observed in the pharmacokinetic study. Compared with weakly acidic β-GA, loading weakly basic PIP seemed to have a profound effect on stability through intermolecular forces. CONCLUSIONS Our findings showed CMS could be a promising carrier for SDs, and loading weakly basic drug may be more suitable, especially in binary SDs system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanli Shi
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ruilong Li
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Oral Drug Delivery System of Chinese Meteria Medica of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Branch of China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenjing Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Oral Drug Delivery System of Chinese Meteria Medica of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Branch of China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiangyu Yu
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Oral Drug Delivery System of Chinese Meteria Medica of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Branch of China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Nanjing, China
| | - Fenxia Zhu
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Oral Drug Delivery System of Chinese Meteria Medica of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Branch of China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Nanjing, China
| | - Yiping Huang
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Oral Drug Delivery System of Chinese Meteria Medica of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Branch of China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Oral Drug Delivery System of Chinese Meteria Medica of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Branch of China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhenhai Zhang
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Oral Drug Delivery System of Chinese Meteria Medica of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Branch of China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Nanjing, China
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Mohamad MSB, Reyes RJ, De Rubis G, Paudel KR, Hansbro PM, Dua K, Chellappan DK. The versatility of 18ß-glycyrrhetinic acid in attenuating pulmonary inflammatory disorders. EXCLI J 2023; 22:188-190. [PMID: 36998703 PMCID: PMC10043378 DOI: 10.17179/excli2023-5845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Siddiq Bin Mohamad
- School of Postgraduate Studies, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Center in Complementary & Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, 2007, Ultimo, Australia
| | - Ruby-Jean Reyes
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Center in Complementary & Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, 2007, Ultimo, Australia
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Gabriele De Rubis
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Center in Complementary & Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, 2007, Ultimo, Australia
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Keshav Raj Paudel
- Center of Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, Sydney 2007, Australia
| | - Philip Michael Hansbro
- Center of Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, Sydney 2007, Australia
| | - Kamal Dua
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Center in Complementary & Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, 2007, Ultimo, Australia
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
- Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun 248007, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar Chellappan
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- *To whom correspondence should be addressed: Dinesh Kumar Chellappan, Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, E-mail:
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Gupta GL, Sharma L, Sharma M. 18β-Glycyrrhetinic Acid Ameliorates Neuroinflammation Linked Depressive Behavior Instigated by Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress via Triggering BDNF/TrkB Signaling Pathway in Rats. Neurochem Res 2023; 48:551-69. [PMID: 36307572 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03779-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Evidence shows that inflammatory responses may encompass the onset of severe depressive illness. Traditionally used licorice contains 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid (18βGA), which has been demonstrated to reduce inflammation and oxidative stress. This study investigates the antidepressant effects of 18βGA and the underlying mechanism in rats exposed to chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS). Wistar rats were exposed to CUMS for 36 consecutive days to establish depression. 18βGA (10, 20, and 50 mg/kg) or fluoxetine was given once daily (from day 30 to day 36). Thereafter, behavior parameters (sucrose preference test, forced-swimming test, open-field test, body weight), pro-inflammatory cytokines, neurotransmitters, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), corticosterone (CORT), and liver biomarkers were studied. Immunohistochemistry and western blot analyses were conducted to investigate the protein's expression. 18βGA (20 and 50 mg/kg) treatment increased sucrose intake, locomotion in the open-field test, decreased immobility time in the forced swim test, and improved body weight in CUMS-exposed rats. The therapy of 18βGA dramatically declined cytokines, ACTH and CORT and improved 5HT and norepinephrine in CUMS rats. Furthermore, BDNF and TrkB proteins were down-regulated in CUMS group, which was increased to varying degrees by 18βGA at doses of 20 and 50 mg/kg. Therefore, 18βGA ameliorates depressive-like behavior persuaded by chronic unpredictable mild stress, decreases neuroinflammation, liver biomarkers, stress hormones, and improves body weight, brain neurotransmitter concentration via activating on BDNF/TrkB signaling pathway in both PFC and hippocampus in rats.
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Ahmad R, Alqathama A, Aldholmi M, Riaz M, Mukhtar MH, Aljishi F, Althomali E, Alamer MA, Alsulaiman M, Ayashy A, Alshowaiki M. Biological Screening of Glycyrrhiza glabra L. from Different Origins for Antidiabetic and Anticancer Activity. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 16:ph16010007. [PMID: 36678504 PMCID: PMC9860537 DOI: 10.3390/ph16010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Geographical variation may affect the phytochemistry as well as the biological activities of Glycyrrhiza glabra (licorice) root. Herein, a series of biological activities were performed to evaluate the impact of geographical origin on the biological potential of eight different licorice samples. METHODOLOGY Cell culture studies were performed for cytotoxicity (MCF7, HCT116, HepG2, and MRC5), glucose uptake assay (HepG2), and glutathione peroxidase activity (HepG2), whereas α-amylase inhibition activity was tested for antidiabetic potential. RESULTS The Indian sample was observed to be more cytotoxic against MCF7 (22%) and HCT116 (43%) with an IC50 value of 56.10 (±2.38) μg/mL against the MCF7 cell line. The glucose uptake was seen with a mean value of 96 (±2.82) and a range of 92-101%. For glutathione peroxidase activity (GPx), the Syrian (0.31 ± 0.11) and Pakistani samples (0.21 ± 0.08) revealed a significant activity, whereas the Palestinian (70 ± 0.09) and Indian samples (68±0.06) effectively inhibited the α-amylase activity, with the lowest IC50 value (67.11 ± 0.97) μg/mL for the Palestinian sample. The statistical models of PCA (principal component analysis) and K-mean cluster analysis were performed to correlate the geographical origin, extract yield, and biological activities for the eight licorice samples of different origins. CONCLUSION The licorice samples exhibited significant cytotoxic, GPx, and α-amylase inhibitory activity. The samples with higher extract yield showed more potential in these biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizwan Ahmad
- Department of Natural Products and Alternative Medicine, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: or
| | - Aljawharah Alqathama
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Aldholmi
- Department of Natural Products and Alternative Medicine, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Riaz
- Department of Pharmacy, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Sheringal 18050, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | | | - Fatema Aljishi
- Department of Natural Products and Alternative Medicine, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ebtihal Althomali
- Department of Natural Products and Alternative Medicine, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mohammed Alsulaiman
- College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 34212, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulmalik Ayashy
- College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 34212, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohsen Alshowaiki
- College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 34212, Saudi Arabia
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Guo C, Su Y, Wang H, Cao M, Diao N, Liu Z, Chen D, Kong M. A novel saponin liposomes based on the couplet medicines of Platycodon grandiflorum-Glycyrrhiza uralensis for targeting lung cancer. Drug Deliv 2022; 29:2743-2750. [PMID: 35999702 PMCID: PMC9487977 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2022.2112997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Liposomes have been widely used for targeted drug delivery, but the disadvantages caused by cholesterol limit the application of conventional liposomes in cancer treatment. The compatibility basis of couplet medicines and the compatibility principle of the traditional Chinese medicine principle of ‘monarch, minister, assistant and guide’ are the important theoretical basis of Chinese medicine in the treatment of tumor and the important method to solve the problem of high toxicity. In this study, the active ingredients of the couplet medicines Platycodon grandiflorum and Glycyrrhiza uralensis were innovatively utilized, and glycyrrhizic acid (GA) was encapsulated in liposomes constructed by mixing saponin and lecithin, and cholesterol was replaced by platycodin and ginsenoside to construct saponin liposomes (RP-lipo) for the drug delivery system of Chinese medicine. Compared with conventional liposomes, PR-lipo@GA has no significant difference in morphological characteristics and drug release behavior, and also shows stronger targeting of lung cancer cells and anti-tumor ability in vitro, which may be related to the pharmacological properties of saponins themselves. Thus, PR-lipo@GA not only innovatively challenges the status of cholesterol as a liposome component, but also provides another innovative potential system with multiple functions for the clinical application of TCM couplet medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunjing Guo
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao266003, P.R. China
| | - Yanguo Su
- School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai264005, P.R. China
| | - Hui Wang
- Gynecology Department, Affiliated hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang261053, P.R. China
| | - Min Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai264005, P.R. China
| | - Ningning Diao
- School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai264005, P.R. China
| | - Zhongxin Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai264005, P.R. China
| | - Daquan Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai264005, P.R. China
| | - Ming Kong
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao266003, P.R. China
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Yin WM, Cao XB, Li SX, Zhang F, Guan YF. Brassinin inhibits proliferation and induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in nasopharyngeal cancer C666-1 cells. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.104018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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15
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Mioc M, Prodea A, Racoviceanu R, Mioc A, Ghiulai R, Milan A, Voicu M, Mardale G, Șoica C. Recent Advances Regarding the Molecular Mechanisms of Triterpenic Acids: A Review (Part II). Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:8896. [PMID: 36012159 PMCID: PMC9408012 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23168896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Triterpenic acids are a widespread class of phytocompounds which have been found to possess valuable therapeutic properties such as anticancer, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, antidiabetic, neuroprotective, lipolytic, antiviral, and antiparasitic effects. They are a subclass of triterpenes bearing a characteristic lipophilic structure that imprints unfavorable in vivo properties which subsequently limit their applications. The early investigation of the mechanism of action (MOA) of a drug candidate can provide valuable information regarding the possible side effects and drug interactions that may occur after administration. The current paper aimed to summarize the most recent (last 5 years) studies regarding the MOA of betulinic acid, boswellic acid, glycyrrhetinic acid, madecassic acid, moronic acid, and pomolic acid in order to provide scientists with updated and accessible material on the topic that could contribute to the development of future studies; the paper stands as the sequel of our previously published paper regarding the MOA of triterpenic acids with therapeutic value. The recent literature published on the topic has highlighted the role of triterpenic acids in several signaling pathways including PI3/AKT/mTOR, TNF-alpha/NF-kappa B, JNK-p38, HIF-α/AMPK, and Grb2/Sos/Ras/MAPK, which trigger their various biological activities.
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Ning S, He C, Guo Z, Zhang H, Mo Z. [VIPR1 promoter methylation promotes transcription factor AP-2 α binding to inhibit VIPR1 expression and promote hepatocellular carcinoma cell growth in vitro]. Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao 2022; 42:957-965. [PMID: 35869757 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2022.07.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the transcriptional regulation mechanism and biological function of low expression of vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor 1 (VIPR1) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS We constructed plasmids carrying wild-type VIPR1 promoter or two mutant VIPR1 promoter sequences for transfection of the HCC cell lines Hep3B and Huh7, and examined the effect of AP-2α expression on VIPR1 promoter activity using dual-luciferase reporter assay. Pyrosequencing was performed to detect the changes in VIPR1 promoter methylation level in HCC cells treated with a DNA methyltransferase inhibitor (DAC). Chromatin immunoprecipitation was used to evaluate the binding ability of AP-2α to VIPR1 promoter. Western blotting was used to assess the effect of AP-2α knockdown on VIPR1 expression and examine the differential expression of VIPR1 in the two cell lines. The effects of VIPR1 overexpression and knockdown on the proliferation, cell cycle and apoptosis of HCC cells were analyzed using CCK8 assay and flow cytometry. We also observed the growth of HCC xenograft with lentivirus-mediated over-expression of VIPR1 in nude mice. RESULTS Compared with the wild-type VIPR1 promoter group, co-transfection with the vector carrying two promoter mutations and the AP-2α-over-expressing plasmid obviously restored the luciferase activity in HCC cells (P < 0.05). DAC treatment of the cells significantly decreased the methylation level of VIPR1 promoter and inhibited the binding of AP-2α to VIPR1 promoter (P < 0.01). The HCC cells with AP-2α knockdown showed increased VIPR1 expression, which was lower in Huh7 cells than in Hep3B cells. VIPR1 overexpression in HCC cells caused significant cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase (P < 0.01), promoted cell apoptosis (P < 0.001), and inhibited cell proliferation (P < 0.001), while VIPR1 knockdown produced the opposite effects. In the tumor-bearing nude mice, VIPR1 overexpression in the HCC cells significantly suppressed the increase of tumor volume (P < 0.001) and weight (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION VIPR1 promoter methylation in HCC promotes the binding of AP-2α and inhibits VIPR1 expression, while VIPR1 overexpression causes cell cycle arrest, promotes cell apoptosis, and inhibits cell proliferation and tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ning
- School of Intelligent Medicine and Biotechnology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, China
| | - C He
- Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, China
| | - Z Guo
- School of Intelligent Medicine and Biotechnology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, China
| | - H Zhang
- School of Intelligent Medicine and Biotechnology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, China
| | - Z Mo
- School of Intelligent Medicine and Biotechnology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, China
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Zhang Q, Luo P, Zheng L, Chen J, Zhang J, Tang H, Liu D, He X, Shi Q, Gu L, Li J, Guo Q, Yang C, Wong YK, Xia F, Wang J. 18beta-Glycyrrhetinic acid induces ROS-mediated apoptosis to ameliorate hepatic fibrosis by targeting PRDX1/2 in activated HSCs. J Pharm Anal 2022; 12:570-582. [PMID: 36105163 PMCID: PMC9463498 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2022.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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Langer D, Wicher B, Tykarska E. Single-crystal-to-single-crystal phase transition of 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid isopropyl ester. Acta Crystallogr B Struct Sci Cryst Eng Mater 2022; 78:450-458. [PMID: 35702962 DOI: 10.1107/s2052520622002517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Due to the destruction of the integrity of the parent crystal, single-crystal-to-single-crystal phase transition in organic compounds is still a relatively rare phenomenon. The phase transition in glycyrrhetinic acid isopropyl ester is triggered by temperature change. The increasing volume of the isopropyl substituent as a result of increasing temperature forces a remodelling of the structural motifs. These changes cause a single-crystal-to-single-crystal phase transition. The low-temperature form is isostructural with glycyrrhetinic acid methanol solvate, while the high-temperature phase is isostructural with the ethyl ester of this acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Langer
- Department of Chemical Technology of Drugs, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwladzka 6, Poznan 60-780, Poland
| | - Barbara Wicher
- Department of Chemical Technology of Drugs, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwladzka 6, Poznan 60-780, Poland
| | - Ewa Tykarska
- Department of Chemical Technology of Drugs, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwladzka 6, Poznan 60-780, Poland
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Cao HZ, Yang WT, Zheng PS. Cytotoxic effect of disulfiram/copper on human cervical cancer cell lines and LGR5-positive cancer stem-like cells. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:521. [PMID: 35534815 PMCID: PMC9082913 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-09574-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor resistance is a global challenge for tumor treatment. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are the main population of tumor cells for drug resistance. We have reported that high aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity represents a functional marker for cervical CSCs. Here, we aimed at disulfiram (DSF), an ALDH inhibitor, that has the potential to be used for cervical cancer treatment. METHODS MTT assay, western blot, vector construction and transfection, cell sorting and in vivo anti-tumor assays were performed using cervical cancer cell lines SiHa and HeLa. Cell cycle distribution and cell apoptosis were carried out by flow cytometry. The cytotoxicity of DSF was detected by MTT assay and cervical cancer xenograft models. RESULTS DSF was cytotoxic to cervical cancer cell lines in a copper (Cu)-dependent manner. Disulfiram/copper (DSF/Cu) complex induced deregulation of S-phase and inhibited the expression of stemness markers in cervical cancer cells. Furthermore, DSF/Cu could also reduce the cancer stem cell-like LGR5+ cells which lead to cisplatin resistance in cervical cancer cells. DSF/Cu complex had the greater antitumor efficacy on cervical cancer than cisplatin in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that the cytotoxicity of DSF/Cu complex may be superior to cisplatin because of targeting LGR5-positive cervical cancer stem-like cells in cervical cancer. Thus, the DSF/Cu complex may represent a potential therapeutic strategy for cervical cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Zhe Cao
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of the Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University Medical School, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Wen-Ting Yang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of the Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University Medical School, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Peng-Sheng Zheng
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of the Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University Medical School, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, China. .,Division of Cancer Stem Cell Research, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University Medical School, Xi'an, 710061, China.
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Zhang T, Li SM, Li YN, Cao JL, Xue H, Wang C, Jin CH. Atractylodin Induces Apoptosis and Inhibits the Migration of A549 Lung Cancer Cells by Regulating ROS-Mediated Signaling Pathways. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27092946. [PMID: 35566297 PMCID: PMC9103034 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Atractylodin (ATR) has anticancer effects on some tumor cells by inducing apoptosis, but its mechanism in lung cancer remains unclear. This study investigates the inhibitory effect of ATR on A549 lung cancer cells. Cell viability was detected by the Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, and results showed that ATR could significantly inhibit the proliferation of A549 cells. Apoptosis was detected by Annexin V-FITC/PI staining, and apoptosis rate and mitochondrial membrane potential were detected by flow cytometry. Results showed that the effect of ATR on the apoptosis of A549 cells was negatively correlated with the change in mitochondrial membrane potential. Western blot analysis showed that ATR regulated apoptosis induced by mitogen-activated protein kinase, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, and nuclear factor kappa B signaling pathways. Analyses of reactive oxygen species (ROS), cell cycle, and cell migration showed that ATR induced intracellular ROS accumulation as an initiation signal to induce cell cycle arrest regulated by the AKT signaling pathway and cell migration inhibition regulated by the Wnt signaling pathway. Results showed that ATR can inhibit cell proliferation, induce cell apoptosis, induce cell cycle arrest, and inhibit the migration of A549 cells (p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant, * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01 and *** p < 0.001).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Zhang
- College of Life Science & Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China; (T.Z.); (Y.-N.L.); (J.-L.C.); (H.X.)
| | - Shu-Mei Li
- Hemodialysis Center, Daqing Oilfield General Hospital, Daqing 163001, China;
| | - Yan-Nan Li
- College of Life Science & Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China; (T.Z.); (Y.-N.L.); (J.-L.C.); (H.X.)
| | - Jing-Long Cao
- College of Life Science & Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China; (T.Z.); (Y.-N.L.); (J.-L.C.); (H.X.)
| | - Hui Xue
- College of Life Science & Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China; (T.Z.); (Y.-N.L.); (J.-L.C.); (H.X.)
| | - Chang Wang
- College of Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
- Correspondence: (C.W.); (C.-H.J.)
| | - Cheng-Hao Jin
- College of Life Science & Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China; (T.Z.); (Y.-N.L.); (J.-L.C.); (H.X.)
- National Coarse Cereals Engineering Research Center, Daqing 163319, China
- College of Food Science & Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
- Correspondence: (C.W.); (C.-H.J.)
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Samarelli AV, Masciale V, Aramini B, Coló GP, Tonelli R, Marchioni A, Bruzzi G, Gozzi F, Andrisani D, Castaniere I, Manicardi L, Moretti A, Tabbì L, Guaitoli G, Cerri S, Dominici M, Clini E. Molecular Mechanisms and Cellular Contribution from Lung Fibrosis to Lung Cancer Development. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12179. [PMID: 34830058 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, progressive, fibrosing interstitial lung disease (ILD) of unknown aetiology, with a median survival of 2–4 years from the time of diagnosis. Although IPF has unknown aetiology by definition, there have been identified several risks factors increasing the probability of the onset and progression of the disease in IPF patients such as cigarette smoking and environmental risk factors associated with domestic and occupational exposure. Among them, cigarette smoking together with concomitant emphysema might predispose IPF patients to lung cancer (LC), mostly to non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), increasing the risk of lung cancer development. To this purpose, IPF and LC share several cellular and molecular processes driving the progression of both pathologies such as fibroblast transition proliferation and activation, endoplasmic reticulum stress, oxidative stress, and many genetic and epigenetic markers that predispose IPF patients to LC development. Nintedanib, a tyrosine–kinase inhibitor, was firstly developed as an anticancer drug and then recognized as an anti-fibrotic agent based on the common target molecular pathway. In this review our aim is to describe the updated studies on common cellular and molecular mechanisms between IPF and lung cancer, knowledge of which might help to find novel therapeutic targets for this disease combination.
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