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Mi T, Siriwibool S, Burgess K. Streamlined Protein-Protein Interface Loop Mimicry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202307092. [PMID: 37849440 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202307092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Cyclic peptides comprising endocyclic organic fragments, "cyclo-organopeptides", can be probes for perturbing protein-protein interactions (PPIs). Finding loop mimics is difficult because of high conformational variability amongst targets. Backbone Matching (BM), introduced here, helps solve this problem in the illustrative cases by facilitating efficient evaluation of virtual cyclo-organopeptide core-structure libraries. Thus, 86 rigid organic fragments were selected to build a library of 602 cyclo-organopeptides comprising Ala and organic parts: "cyclo-{-(Ala)n -organo-}". The central hypothesis is "hit" library members have accessible low energy conformers corresponding to backbone structures of target protein loops, while library members which cannot attain this conformation are probably unworthy of further evaluation. BM thereby prioritizes candidate loop mimics, so that less than 10 cyclo-organopeptides are needed to be prepared to find leads for two illustrative PPIs: iNOS ⋅ SPSB2, and uPA ⋅ uPAR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianxiong Mi
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A & M University, 77842, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Siriwalee Siriwibool
- School of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, 30000, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Kevin Burgess
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A & M University, 77842, College Station, TX, USA
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Xu L, Wang P, Li L, Li L, Huang Y, Zhang Y, Zheng X, Yi P, Zhang M, Xu M. circPSD3 is a promising inhibitor of uPA system to inhibit vascular invasion and metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:174. [PMID: 37884951 PMCID: PMC10601121 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01882-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular invasion is a major route for intrahepatic and distant metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and is a strong negative prognostic factor. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) play important roles in tumorigenesis and metastasis. However, the regulatory functions and underlying mechanisms of circRNAs in the development of vascular invasion in HCC are largely unknown. METHODS High throughput sequencing was used to screen dysregulated circRNAs in portal vein tumor thrombosis (PVTT) tissues. The biological functions of candidate circRNAs in the migration, vascular invasion, and metastasis of HCC cells were examined in vitro and in vivo. To explore the underlying mechanisms, RNA sequencing, MS2-tagged RNA affinity purification, mass spectrometry, and RNA immunoprecipitation assays were performed. RESULTS circRNA sequencing followed by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) revealed that circRNA pleckstrin and Sect. 7 domain containing 3 (circPSD3) was significantly downregulated in PVTT tissues. Decreased circPSD3 expression in HCC tissues was associated with unfavourable characteristics and predicted poor prognosis in HCC. TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP43) inhibited the biogenesis of circPSD3 by interacting with the downstream intron of pre-PSD3. circPSD3 inhibited the intrahepatic vascular invasion and metastasis of HCC cells in vitro and in vivo. Serpin family B member 2 (SERPINB2), an endogenous bona fide inhibitor of the urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) system, is the downstream target of circPSD3. Mechanistically, circPSD3 interacts with histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) to sequester it in the cytoplasm, attenuating the inhibitory effect of HDAC1 on the transcription of SERPINB2. In vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated that circPSD3 is a promising inhibitor of the uPA system. CONCLUSIONS circPSD3 is an essential regulator of vascular invasion and metastasis in HCC and may serve as a prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Xu
- Division of Liver Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Lane, Wuhou District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Division of Liver Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Lane, Wuhou District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, China
| | - Li Li
- Institute of Clinical Pathology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Lian Li
- Division of Liver Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Lane, Wuhou District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, China
| | - Yang Huang
- Division of Liver Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Lane, Wuhou District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, China
| | - Yanfang Zhang
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, China
| | - Xiaobo Zheng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, China
| | - Pengsheng Yi
- Department of Hepato-biliary-pancrease, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan Province, 637000, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Division of Liver Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Lane, Wuhou District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, China.
| | - Mingqing Xu
- Division of Liver Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Lane, Wuhou District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, China.
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Meishan City People's Hospital, Meishan Hospital of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Meishan, 620000, China.
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Wang B, Zhang Y, Lou Y, Hu X, Li F. Initial research on the effect and mechanism of Tivozanib on pulsed dye laser induced angiogenesis. Lasers Surg Med 2022; 54:1157-1166. [PMID: 35916102 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.23586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pulsed dye laser (PDL) is the main treatment for port wine stain (PWS), but a considerable number of patients show low clearances. The reason for the poor efficacy is related to PDL-induced angiogenesis. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays an important role in PDL-induced angiogenesis and can activate the tyrosine kinase activity of VEGF receptor (VEGFR) in endothelial cells. It triggers a full range of responses, and then participates in the regulation of angiogenesis. Tivozanib is an inhibitor of VEGFR tyrosine kinase activity, which can block the pro-angiogenic effect of VEGF and reduce vascular permeability. METHOD Different energy densities of PDL were used to irradiate the abdominal skin of rats. According to the general and pathological changes of the irradiated area, the energy density of 8 J/cm2 with smaller scab and stronger vascular effect was selected for follow-up experiments. Divided the rat abdomen skin into four areas, irradiated three of them uniformly with an energy density of 8 J/cm2 , and applied different concentrations of Tivozanib coating agent to the laser irradiation area, and grouped them as follows: (1) vacant group, (2) control group, (3) 0.5% Tivozanib group, (4) 1% Tivozanib group. Camera and dermoscopy were used to observe skin changes. Hematoxylin-eosin staining, immunohistochemical staining, and blood vessels were counted to detect dermal vascular regeneration. Transcriptome sequencing and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were conducted to elucidate the mechanism and validate the reliability. RESULTS The number of blood vessels in the 0.5% Tivozanib group and 1% Tivozanib group was significantly reduced on the 7, 10, and 14 days compared with the control group. The number of blood vessels in the 1% Tivozanib group was significantly reduced compared with the 0.5% Tivozanib group, indicating that Tivozanib successfully inhibited PDL-induced angiogenesis, and the inhibitory effect of 1% Tivozanib was more significant than that of 0.5% Tivozanib. Transcriptome sequencing results showed a total of 588 significantly differentially expressed genes, including 90 upregulated genes and 498 downregulated genes. Gene ontology (GO) and kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis showed that the significantly differentially expressed genes were mainly enriched in the metabolic pathways which were closely related to angiogenesis. Finally, real-time PCR was used to verify the genes with higher expression differences, the top ranking and closely related to angiogenesis, namely, Cxcl1, Cxcl2, Cxcl3, Cxcl6, Ccl3, Csf3, IL1β, iNOS, Mmp9, Mmp13, Plau, Ets1, Spp1, Nr4a1. The results were consistent with the trend of transcriptome sequencing results, which proved the reliability of this study. CONCLUSION This study explored the inhibitory effect of Tivozanib on PDL-induced angiogenesis, and provided a new idea for the treatment of clinical PWS. Transcriptome sequencing explored the mechanism and provided reliable clues for later in-depth research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Wang
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Yaqin Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Yan Lou
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Xin Hu
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Fuqiu Li
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
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Hauw W, Chia JS, Nandurkar H, Sashindranath M. The Potential Role of Protease Systems in Hemophilic Arthropathy. Blood Adv 2022:bloodadvances. [PMID: 35580335 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2022007028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Haemophilic arthropathy is characterised by joint damage following recurrent joint bleeds frequently observed in patients affected by the clotting disorder haemophilia. Joint bleeds or haemarthroses trigger inflammation in the synovial tissue which promotes damage to the articular cartilage. The plasminogen activation system is integral to fibrinolysis, and urokinase plasminogen activator or uPA in particular is strongly upregulated following haemarthroses. uPA is a serine protease that catalyses the production of plasmin, a broad-spectrum protease that can degrade fibrin as well as proteins of the joint extracellular matrix and cartilage. Both uPA and plasmin are able to proteolytically generate active forms of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). The MMPs are a family of >20 proteases that are secreted as inactive proenzymes and are activated extracellularly. MMPs are involved in degradation of all types of collagen and proteoglycans that constitute the extracellular matrix, which provides structural support to articular cartilage. The MMPs have an established role in joint destruction following rheumatoid arthritis (RA). They degrade cartilage and bone, indirectly promoting angiogenesis. MMPs are also implicated in the pathology of osteoarthritis (OA) characterized by degradation of the cartilage matrix that precipitates joint damage and deformity. HA shares a number of overlapping pathological characteristics with RA and OA. Here we discuss how the plasminogen activation system and MMPs might exacerbate joint damage in HA, lending insight into novel possible therapeutic targets to reduce co-morbidity of haemophilia.
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Park JY, Shin Y, Won WR, Lim C, Kim JC, Kang K, Husni P, Lee ES, Youn YS, Oh KT. Development of AE147 Peptide-Conjugated Nanocarriers for Targeting uPAR-Overexpressing Cancer Cells. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:5437-5449. [PMID: 34408417 PMCID: PMC8367088 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s315619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose An AE147 peptide-conjugated nanocarrier based on PEGylated liposomes was developed in order to target the metastatic tumors overexpressing urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR), which cancer progression via uPA signaling. Therefore, the AE147 peptide-conjugated nanocarrier system may hold the potential for active targeting of metastatic tumors. Methods The AE147 peptide, an antagonist of uPAR, was conjugated to the PEGylated liposomes for targeting metastatic tumors overexpressing uPAR. Docetaxel (DTX), an anticancer drug, was incorporated into the nanocarriers. The structure of the AE147-conjugated nanocarrier, its physicochemical properties, and in vivo biodistribution were evaluated. Results The DTX-loaded nanocarrier showed a spherical structure, a high drug-loading capacity, and a high colloidal stability. Drug carrying AE147 conjugates were actively taken up by the uPAR-overexpressing MDA-MB-231 cancer cells. In vivo animal imaging confirmed that the AE147-conjugated nanoparticles effectively accumulated at the sites of tumor metastasis. Conclusion The AE147-nanocarrier showed potential for targeting metastatic tumor cells overexpressing uPAR and as a nanomedicine platform for theragnosis applications. These results suggest that this novel nano-platform will facilitate further advancements in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- June Yong Park
- Department of Global Innovative Drugs, The Graduate School of Chung-Ang University, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuseon Shin
- Department of Global Innovative Drugs, The Graduate School of Chung-Ang University, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Woong Roeck Won
- Department of Global Innovative Drugs, The Graduate School of Chung-Ang University, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Chaemin Lim
- Department of Global Innovative Drugs, The Graduate School of Chung-Ang University, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea.,Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery and Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Jae Chang Kim
- Department of Global Innovative Drugs, The Graduate School of Chung-Ang University, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Kioh Kang
- Department of Global Innovative Drugs, The Graduate School of Chung-Ang University, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Patihul Husni
- Department of Global Innovative Drugs, The Graduate School of Chung-Ang University, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Seong Lee
- Division of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do, 14662, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Seok Youn
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Taek Oh
- Department of Global Innovative Drugs, The Graduate School of Chung-Ang University, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea.,College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
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Yuan C, Guo Z, Yu S, Jiang L, Huang M. Development of inhibitors for uPAR: blocking the interaction of uPAR with its partners. Drug Discov Today 2021; 26:1076-1085. [PMID: 33486111 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2021.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) mediates a multitude of biological activities, has key roles in several clinical indications, including malignancies and inflammation, and, thus, has attracted intensive research over the past few decades. The pleiotropic functions of uPAR can be attributed to its interaction with an array of partners. Many inhibitors have been developed to intervene with the interaction of uPAR with these partners. Here, we review the development of these classes of uPAR inhibitor and their inhibitory mechanisms to promote the translation of these inhibitors to clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai Yuan
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350116, China
| | - Zhanzhi Guo
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350116, China
| | - Shujuan Yu
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fujian, 350116, China
| | - Longguang Jiang
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fujian, 350116, China.
| | - Mingdong Huang
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fujian, 350116, China.
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Zhao T, Xiong J, Chen W, Xu A, Zhu D, Liu J. Purification and Characterization of a Novel Fibrinolytic Enzyme from Cipangopaludina Cahayensis. Iran J Biotechnol 2021; 19:e2805. [PMID: 34179197 PMCID: PMC8217531 DOI: 10.30498/ijb.2021.2805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background: Cipangopaludina cahayensis contains active fibrinolytic proteins and has been considered a potential anti-cancer agent.
However, its anti-cancer characteristics and functions have yet to be elucidated Objectives: To study the fibrinolytic activity and anticancer activity of crude protein extracts from Cipangopaludina cahayensis. Materials and Methods: Crude proteases were separated and extracted from the Cipangopaludina cahayensis through homogenization,
desalting, ammonium sulfate fractionation, dialysis, and ion exchange chromatography. The fibrinolytic activity
of extracted proteins was assessed using the fiber plate method. Total protein concentrations of the crude proteases
were determined via BCA assay. Molecular weights (MWs) were determined through SDS-PAGE electrophoresis. Results: The crude extract had a MW of ~ 50 kDa, and the highest protein concentration was 3.026 mg.mL-1.
The optimum pH for fibrinolytic activity was 7.0. Cell culture assays demonstrated that the addition of the
crude enzyme extracts to the human ovary cancer cell line Ovcar-3 resulted in significant growth defects. Conclusions: Our data showed that crude proteins purified from Cipangopaludina cahayensis are novel fibrinolytic proteases
and have potential anti-cancer propertie
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Jinqi Xiong
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Wen Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Ahui Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Du Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Jiantao Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China
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Westrick RJ, Røjkjær LP, Yang AY, Roh MH, Siebert AE, Ginsburg D. Deficiency of plasminogen activator inhibitor-2 results in accelerated tumor growth. J Thromb Haemost 2020; 18:2968-2975. [PMID: 32780555 PMCID: PMC7791406 DOI: 10.1111/jth.15054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Upregulation of the plasminogen activation system, including urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA), has been observed in many malignancies, suggesting that co-opting the PA system is a common method by which tumor cells accomplish extracellular matrix proteolysis. PAI-2, a serine protease inhibitor, produced from the SERPINB2 gene, inhibits circulating and extracellular matrix-tethered uPA. Decreased SERPINB2 expression has been associated with increased tumor invasiveness and metastasis for several types of cancer. PAI-2 deficiency has not been reported in humans and PAI-2-deficient (SerpinB2-/- ) mice exhibit no apparent abnormalities. OBJECTIVES We investigated the role of PAI-2 deficiency on tumor growth and metastasis. METHODS To explore the long-term impact of PAI-2 deficiency, a cohort of SerpinB2-/- mice were aged to >18 months, with spontaneous malignancies observed in 4/9 animals, all of apparently vascular origin. To further investigate the role of PAI-2 deficiency in malignancy, SerpinB2-/- and wild-type control mice were injected with either B16 melanoma or Lewis lung carcinoma tumor cells, with markedly accelerated tumor growth observed in SerpinB2-/- mice for both cell lines. To determine the relative contributions of PAI-2 from hematopoietic or nonhematopoietically derived sources, bone marrow transplants between wild-type C57BL/6J and SerpinB2-/- mice were performed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that PAI-2 deficiency increases susceptibility to spontaneous tumorigenesis in the mouse, and demonstrate that SerpinB2 expression derived from a nonhematopoietic compartment is a key host factor in the regulation of tumor growth in both the B16 melanoma and Lewis lung carcinoma models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randal J. Westrick
- Oakland University Department of Biological Sciences
- Oakland University Department of Bioengineering
- Oakland University Centers for Data Science and Big Data Analytics and Biomedical Research
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Lisa Payne Røjkjær
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | | | | | | | - David Ginsburg
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Michigan
- Departments of Human Genetics, Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Michigan
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Baig MH, Adil M, Khan R, Dhadi S, Ahmad K, Rabbani G, Bashir T, Imran MA, Husain FM, Lee EJ, Kamal MA, Choi I. Enzyme targeting strategies for prevention and treatment of cancer: Implications for cancer therapy. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 56:1-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Trudel D, Avarvarei LM, Orain M, Turcotte S, Plante M, Grégoire J, Kappelhoff R, Labbé DP, Bachvarov D, Têtu B, Overall CM, Bairati I. Proteases and their inhibitors as prognostic factors for high-grade serous ovarian cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2019; 215:152369. [PMID: 30987833 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2019.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian carcinoma is one of the most lethal malignancies, but only very few prognostic biomarkers are known. The degradome, comprising proteases, protease non-proteolytic homologues and inhibitors, have been involved in the prognosis of many cancer types, including ovarian carcinoma. The prognostic significance of the whole degradome family has not been specifically studied in high-grade serous ovarian cancer. A targeted DNA microarray known as the CLIP-CHIP microarray was used to identify potential prognostic factors in ten high-grade serous ovarian cancer women who had early recurrence (<1.6 years) or late/no recurrence after first line surgery and chemotherapy. In women with early recurrence, we identified seven upregulated genes (TMPRSS4, MASP1/3, SPC18, PSMB1, IGFBP2, CFI - encoding Complement Factor I - and MMP9) and one down-regulated gene (ADAM-10). Using immunohistochemistry, we evaluated the prognostic effect of these 8 candidate genes in an independent cohort of 112 high-grade serous ovarian cancer women. Outcomes were progression, defined according to CA-125 criteria, and death. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression models were done to estimate the associations between each protein and each outcome. High ADAM-10 expression (intensity of 2-3) was associated with a lower risk of progression (adjusted hazard ratio (HR): 0.51; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.29-0.87). High complement factor I expression (intensity 2-3) was associated with a higher risk of progression (adjusted HR: 2.30, 95% CI: 1.17-4.53) and death (adjusted HR: 3.42; 95% CI: 1.72-6.79). Overall, we identified the prognostic value of two proteases, ADAM-10 and complement factor I, for high-grade serous ovarian cancer which could have clinical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Trudel
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM)/ Institut du cancer de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada; Department of Pathology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H2X 3O4, Canada; Department of Pathology and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada; Laval University Cancer Research Center and Research Center of the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec, Ville de Québec, QC, G1R 3S3, Canada.
| | - Luminita-Mihaela Avarvarei
- Laval University Cancer Research Center and Research Center of the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec, Ville de Québec, QC, G1R 3S3, Canada
| | - Michèle Orain
- Laval University Cancer Research Center and Research Center of the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec, Ville de Québec, QC, G1R 3S3, Canada
| | - Stéphane Turcotte
- Laval University Cancer Research Center and Research Center of the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec, Ville de Québec, QC, G1R 3S3, Canada
| | - Marie Plante
- Laval University Cancer Research Center and Research Center of the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec, Ville de Québec, QC, G1R 3S3, Canada; Gynecologic Oncology Division, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec, Québec, QC, G1R 2J6, Canada
| | - Jean Grégoire
- Laval University Cancer Research Center and Research Center of the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec, Ville de Québec, QC, G1R 3S3, Canada; Gynecologic Oncology Division, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec, Québec, QC, G1R 2J6, Canada
| | - Reinhild Kappelhoff
- Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada; Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - David P Labbé
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC, H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Dimcho Bachvarov
- Laval University Cancer Research Center and Research Center of the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec, Ville de Québec, QC, G1R 3S3, Canada
| | - Bernard Têtu
- Laval University Cancer Research Center and Research Center of the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec, Ville de Québec, QC, G1R 3S3, Canada; Anatomic Pathology and Cytology Department, Hôpital du St-Sacrement, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Laval University, Québec, QC, G1S 4L8, Canada
| | - Christopher M Overall
- Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada; Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Isabelle Bairati
- Laval University Cancer Research Center and Research Center of the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec, Ville de Québec, QC, G1R 3S3, Canada
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Cai XD, Che L, Lin JX, Huang S, Li J, Liu XY, Pan XF, Wang QQ, Chen L, Lin MJ, Huang ZH, Ma HM, Wu Y, Liu SM, Zhou YB. Krüppel-like factor 17 inhibits urokinase plasminogen activator gene expression to suppress cell invasion through the Src/p38/ MAPK signaling pathway in human lung adenocarcionma. Oncotarget 2018; 8:38743-38754. [PMID: 28454121 PMCID: PMC5503568 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Krüppel-like factor 17 (KLF17) has been reported to be involved in invasion and metastasis suppression in lung cancer, but the molecular mechanisms underlying the anti-invasion and anti-metastasis roles of KLF17 in lung cancer are not fully illustrated. Here, we showed that KLF17 inhibited the invasion of A549 and H322 cells; the anti-invasion effect of KLF17 was associated with the suppression of urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA/PLAU) expression. KLF17 can bind with the promoter of uPA and inhibit its expression. Enforced expression of uPA abrogated the anti-invasion effect of KLF17 in A549 and H322 cells. In addition, immunohistochemistry staining showed that the protein expression of KLF17 was negatively correlated with that of uPA in archived samples from patients with lymph node metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma (rho = −0.62, P = 0.01). The mutually exclusive expression of KLF17 with uPA could predict lymph node metastasis for lung adenocarcinoma (AUC = 0.758, P = 0.005). Enforced expression of KLF17 inhibited the expression of phosphorylated Src and phosphorylated p38/MAPK in A549 and H322 cells. The invasiveness of the cells were suppressed by treating with sb203580 (p38/MAPK inhibitor) or HY-13805 (PP2, Src inhibitor). furthermore, p38/MAPK inhibition could block the KLF17-induced reduction of p-p38/MAPK and uPA, and Src inhibition enhanced the KLF17-induced suppression of p-Src and uPA in A549 and H322 cells. In conclusion, our study indicated that KLF17 suppressed the uPA-mediated invasion of lung adenocarcinoma. The Src and p38/MAPK signaling pathways were suggested as mediators of KLF17-induced uPA inhibition, thus providing evidence that KLF17 might be a potential anti-invasion candidate for lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Dong Cai
- Department of Respiratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Li Che
- Department of Respiratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Jia-Xin Lin
- Department of Respiratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Shuai Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Jiong Li
- Department of Anatomy, The Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Liu
- Department of Respiratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Xing-Fei Pan
- Department of Infectious Disease, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510150, China
| | - Qin-Qin Wang
- Department of Respiratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Respiratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Ming-Juan Lin
- Department of Respiratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Zhi-Hong Huang
- Department of Respiratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Hong-Ming Ma
- Department of Respiratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Yi Wu
- Department of Respiratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Sheng-Ming Liu
- Department of Respiratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Yan-Bin Zhou
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
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Milenković J, Miljković E, Milenković K, Bojanić N. PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR INHIBITOR 1 (PAI - 1) AS A POTENTIAL DIAGNOSTIC AND THERAPEUTIC TARGET. AMM 2018. [DOI: 10.5633/amm.2018.0217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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13
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Scarr E, Udawela M, Dean B. Changed frontal pole gene expression suggest altered interplay between neurotransmitter, developmental, and inflammatory pathways in schizophrenia. NPJ Schizophr 2018; 4:4. [PMID: 29463818 PMCID: PMC5820249 DOI: 10.1038/s41537-018-0044-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia (Sz) probably occurs after genetically susceptible individuals encounter a deleterious environmental factor that triggers epigenetic mechanisms to change CNS gene expression. To determine if omnibus changes in CNS gene expression are present in Sz, we compared mRNA levels in the frontal pole (Brodmann’s area (BA) 10), the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (BA 9) and cingulate cortex (BA 33) from 15 subjects with Sz and 15 controls using the Affymetrix™ Human Exon 1.0 ST Array. Differences in mRNA levels (±≥20%; p < 0.01) were identified (JMP Genomics 5.1) and used to predict pathways and gene x gene interactions that would be affected by the changes in gene expression using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis. There was significant variation in mRNA levels with diagnoses for 566 genes in BA 10, 65 genes in BA 9 and 40 genes in BA 33. In Sz, there was an over-representation of genes with changed expression involved in inflammation and development in BA 10, cell morphology in BA 9 and amino acid metabolism and small molecule biochemistry in BA 33. Using 94 genes with altered levels of expression in BA 10 from subjects with Sz, it was possible to construct an interactome of proven direct gene x gene interactions that was enriched for genes in inflammatory, developmental, oestrogen, serotonergic, cholinergic and NRG1 regulated pathways. Our data shows complex, regionally specific changes in cortical gene expression in Sz that are predicted to affect homeostasis between biochemical pathways already proposed to be important in the pathophysiology of the disorder. Anterior brain regions exhibit significant amounts of differentially-expressed genes which might cause dysfunction in schizophrenia. It’s thought that schizophrenia occurs when environmental factors trigger gene expression changes and downstream effects in the human brain, though this is not fully understood. An Australian research group led by Brian Dean, from the Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, conducted a post-mortem human brain study in which they compared gene expression between 15 schizophrenia patients and 15 controls. They found 566 instances of altered gene expression in the most frontal part of the brain, Brodmann Area 10, and fewer changes in proximal regions. These are brain areas known to mediate schizophrenia-related traits and the changes in gene expression in these areas will affect a range of essential biological pathways. The group also found 97 differentially-expressed genes that have been shown to directly interact with each. This study paints a complex picture of the causes of schizophrenia but suggests modern technologies can help unravel these complexities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Scarr
- Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.,CRC for Mental Health, Carlton, VIC, 3053, Australia.,Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Madhara Udawela
- Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.,CRC for Mental Health, Carlton, VIC, 3053, Australia
| | - Brian Dean
- Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia. .,CRC for Mental Health, Carlton, VIC, 3053, Australia. .,Research Centre for Mental Health, the Faculty of Health, Arts and Design, Swinburne University, Hawthorne, VIC, 3122, Australia.
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14
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Park C, Ha JG, Choi S, Kim E, Noh K, Shin BS, Kang W. HPLC–MS/MS analysis of mesupron and its application to a pharmacokinetic study in rats. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 150:39-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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15
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Wang X, Jiang Z, An J, Mao X, Lin F, Sun P. Effect of a synthetic inhibitor of urokinase plasminogen activator on the migration and invasion of human cervical cancer cells in vitro. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:4273-4280. [PMID: 29328476 PMCID: PMC5802199 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
As a notable feature of malignant tumors, invasion and metastasis are important events in the process of tumor progression. Amiloride, a synthetic inhibitor of urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA), is involved in these events. To evaluate the therapeutic value of amiloride in cervical cancer, HeLa cells were used as in vitro cellular models. The migration and invasion abilities of HeLa cells, in addition to the mRNA expression of matriptase, uPA, uPA receptor and 72 kDa type IV collagenase (MMP-2), were detected using scratch assays, Transwell chamber assays and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The results of RT-qPCR demonstrated that the mRNA expression of uPA and MMP-2 in HeLa cells was downregulated significantly in a dose-dependent manner when incubated with various concentrations of amiloride for 24 h. The migration distance of HeLa cells was significantly shorter at 6, 12 and 24 h following incubation with amiloride (P<0.01), and there was a positive correlation between cell migratory ability and cellular uPA protein expression level (r=0.955, P<0.01). The number of HeLa cells that penetrated the Matrigel following incubation for 24 h with different concentrations of amiloride decreased significantly compared with the control group, indicating that cell invasiveness was positively correlated with the protein expression level of uPA in the cells (r=0.993, P<0.01). The present study demonstrated that amiloride was able to specifically inhibit the mRNA expression levels of uPA in HeLa cells, and sequentially downregulate the mRNA expression of downstream MMP-2 in the uPA system, thereby suppressing the migratory and invasive ability of HeLa cells. Therefore, amiloride may be a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuechun Wang
- Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Fujian Provincial Maternity and Children Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
| | - Zhongqing Jiang
- Department of Gynecology, Xiamen Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiamen, Fujian 361009, P.R. China
| | - Jian An
- Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Fujian Provincial Maternity and Children Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
| | - Xiaodan Mao
- Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Fujian Provincial Maternity and Children Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
| | - Fen Lin
- Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Fujian Provincial Maternity and Children Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
| | - Pengming Sun
- Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Fujian Provincial Maternity and Children Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
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Solis-Calero C, Zanatta G, Pessoa CDÓ, Carvalho HF, Freire VN. Explaining urokinase type plasminogen activator inhibition by amino-5-hydroxybenzimidazole and two naphthamidine-based compounds through quantum biochemistry. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:22818-22830. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp04315a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) is a biomarker and therapeutic target for several cancer types whose inhibition has been shown to slow tumor growth and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Solis-Calero
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology
- State University of Campinas
- 13083-863 Campinas
- Brazil
| | - Geancarlo Zanatta
- Department of Physics
- Federal University of Ceará
- 60455-760 Fortaleza
- Brazil
| | - Claudia do Ó Pessoa
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology
- Federal University of Ceará
- 60430-270 Fortaleza
- Brazil
| | - Hernandes F. Carvalho
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology
- State University of Campinas
- 13083-863 Campinas
- Brazil
| | - Valder N. Freire
- Department of Physics
- Federal University of Ceará
- 60455-760 Fortaleza
- Brazil
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Afaloniati H, Karagiannis GS, Hardas A, Poutahidis T, Angelopoulou K. Inflammation-driven colon neoplasmatogenesis in uPA-deficient mice is associated with an increased expression of Runx transcriptional regulators. Exp Cell Res 2017; 361:257-264. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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18
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Paquet-Fifield S, Roufail S, Zhang YF, Sofian T, Byrne DJ, Coughlin PB, Fox SB, Stacker SA, Achen MG. The fibrinolysis inhibitor α 2-antiplasmin restricts lymphatic remodelling and metastasis in a mouse model of cancer. Growth Factors 2017; 35:61-75. [PMID: 28697634 DOI: 10.1080/08977194.2017.1349765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Remodelling of lymphatic vessels in tumours facilitates metastasis to lymph nodes. The growth factors VEGF-C and VEGF-D are well known inducers of lymphatic remodelling and metastasis in cancer. They are initially produced as full-length proteins requiring proteolytic processing in order to bind VEGF receptors with high affinity and thereby promote lymphatic remodelling. The fibrinolytic protease plasmin promotes processing of VEGF-C and VEGF-D in vitro, but its role in processing them in cancer was unknown. Here we explore plasmin's role in proteolytically activating VEGF-D in vivo, and promoting lymphatic remodelling and metastasis in cancer, by co-expressing the plasmin inhibitor α2-antiplasmin with VEGF-D in a mouse tumour model. We show that α2-antiplasmin restricts activation of VEGF-D, enlargement of intra-tumoural lymphatics and occurrence of lymph node metastasis. Our findings indicate that the fibrinolytic system influences lymphatic remodelling in tumours which is consistent with previous clinicopathological observations correlating fibrinolytic components with cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Paquet-Fifield
- a Tumour Angiogenesis and Microenvironment Program , Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre , Melbourne , Australia
| | - Sally Roufail
- a Tumour Angiogenesis and Microenvironment Program , Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre , Melbourne , Australia
| | - You-Fang Zhang
- a Tumour Angiogenesis and Microenvironment Program , Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre , Melbourne , Australia
| | - Trifina Sofian
- b Australian Centre for Blood Diseases , Monash University , Prahran, Melbourne , Australia
| | - David J Byrne
- a Tumour Angiogenesis and Microenvironment Program , Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre , Melbourne , Australia
- c Department of Pathology , Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre , Melbourne , Australia
| | - Paul B Coughlin
- b Australian Centre for Blood Diseases , Monash University , Prahran, Melbourne , Australia
- d Eastern Health , Box Hill , Australia
| | - Stephen B Fox
- a Tumour Angiogenesis and Microenvironment Program , Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre , Melbourne , Australia
- c Department of Pathology , Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre , Melbourne , Australia
- e Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology , University of Melbourne , Parkville , Australia
| | - Steven A Stacker
- a Tumour Angiogenesis and Microenvironment Program , Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre , Melbourne , Australia
- e Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology , University of Melbourne , Parkville , Australia
| | - Marc G Achen
- a Tumour Angiogenesis and Microenvironment Program , Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre , Melbourne , Australia
- e Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology , University of Melbourne , Parkville , Australia
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Lee JE, Kwon YJ, Baek HS, Ye DJ, Cho E, Choi HK, Oh KS, Chun YJ. Synergistic induction of apoptosis by combination treatment with mesupron and auranofin in human breast cancer cells. Arch Pharm Res 2017; 40:746-759. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-017-0923-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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20
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Ding Y, Zhang H, Lu A, Zhou Z, Zhong M, Shen D, Wang X, Zhu Z. Effect of urokinase-type plasminogen activator system in gastric cancer with peritoneal metastasis. Oncol Lett 2016; 11:4208-4216. [PMID: 27313768 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Peritoneal metastasis is a primary cause of mortality in patients with gastric cancer. Urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) has been demonstrated to be associated with tumor cell metastasis through the degradation of the extracellular matrix. The present study aimed to investigate the mechanisms of the uPA system in gastric cancer with peritoneal metastasis. Expression of uPA, uPA receptor (uPAR) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) in four gastric cell lines (AGS, SGC7901, MKN45 and MKN28) was measured by semiquantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and western blotting. uPA activity was detected using a uPA activity kit. Peritoneal implantation models of rats were established by injecting four gastric cancer cell lines for the selection of the cancer cells with a high planting potential. Biological behaviors, including adhesion, migration and invasion, were determined using a methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay. Expression of the uPA system was observed to be highest in the SGC7901 cells among the four gastric cell lines. uPA activity was observed to be highest in the MKN45 cells and lowest in the AGS cells. Furthermore, peritoneal implantation analysis demonstrated that no peritoneal tumors were identified in the AGS cells, whilst the tumor masses observed in the SGC7901 and MKN45 cells were of different sizes. The survival times of the rats injected with the MKN28 and SGC7901 cells were longer than those of the rats injected with the MKN45 cells. Antibodies for uPA, uPAR and PAI-1 in the uPA system had the ability to inhibit the adhesion, migration and invasion of peritoneal metastasis in the gastric cancer cells. The results of the present study demonstrated that the uPA system was positively associated with peritoneal metastasis in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youcheng Ding
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, P.R. China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, P.R. China
| | - Aiguo Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, P.R. China
| | - Zhuqing Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, P.R. China
| | - Mingan Zhong
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, P.R. China
| | - Dongwei Shen
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, P.R. China
| | - Xujing Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, P.R. China
| | - Zhenggang Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
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Su SC, Lin CW, Yang WE, Fan WL, Yang SF. The urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) system as a biomarker and therapeutic target in human malignancies. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2015; 20:551-66. [DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2016.1113260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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22
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Chen Y, Gong L, Gao N, Liao J, Sun J, Wang Y, Wang L, Zhu P, Fan Q, Wang YA, Zeng W, Mao H, Yang L, Gao F. Preclinical evaluation of a urokinase plasminogen activator receptor-targeted nanoprobe in rhesus monkeys. Int J Nanomedicine 2015; 10:6689-98. [PMID: 26604745 PMCID: PMC4630189 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s90587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To translate a recombinant peptide containing the amino-terminal fragment (ATF) of urokinase plasminogen activator receptor-targeted magnetic iron oxide (IO) nanoparticles (uPAR-targeted human ATF-IONPs) into clinical applications, we conducted a pilot study to evaluate the toxicity and pharmacokinetics of this nanoparticle in normal rhesus monkeys. Methods We assessed the changes in the following: magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) signals from pretreatment stage to 14 days posttreatment, serum iron concentrations from 5 minutes posttreatment to 12 weeks posttreatment, routine blood examination and serum chemistry analysis results from pretreatment stage to 12 weeks after administration, and results of staining of the liver with Perls’ Prussian Blue and hematoxylin–eosin at 24 hours and 3 months posttreatment in two rhesus monkeys following an intravenous administration of the targeted nanoparticles either with a polyethylene glycol (ATF-PEG-IONP) or without a PEG (ATF-IONP) coating. Results The levels of alkaline phosphatase, alanine transaminase, and direct bilirubin in the two monkeys increased immediately after the administration of the IONPs but returned to normal within 20 days and stayed within the normal reference range 3 months after the injection. The creatinine levels of the two monkeys stayed within the normal range during the study. In addition, red blood cells, white blood cells, hemoglobin level, and platelets remained normal during the 3 months of the study. Conclusion All of the results suggest that a transient injury in terms of normal organ functions, but no microscopic necrotic lesions, was observed at a systemic delivery dose of 5 mg/kg of iron equivalent concentration in the acute phase, and that no chronic toxicity was found 3 months after the injection. Therefore, we conclude that uPAR-targeted IONPs have the potential to be used as receptor-targeted MRI contrasts as well as theranostic agents for the detection and treatment of human cancers in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushu Chen
- Molecular Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Gong
- Sichuan Primed Bio-Tech Group Co, Ltd, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Gao
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jichun Liao
- Molecular Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiayu Sun
- Molecular Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqing Wang
- Molecular Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Wang
- Molecular Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengjin Zhu
- Molecular Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Fan
- Molecular Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Wen Zeng
- Sichuan Primed Bio-Tech Group Co, Ltd, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Mao
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Lily Yang
- Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Fabao Gao
- Molecular Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
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Endo-Munoz L, Cai N, Cumming A, Macklin R, Merida de Long L, Topkas E, Mukhopadhyay P, Hill M, Saunders NA. Progression of Osteosarcoma from a Non-Metastatic to a Metastatic Phenotype Is Causally Associated with Activation of an Autocrine and Paracrine uPA Axis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0133592. [PMID: 26317203 PMCID: PMC4552671 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary metastasis is the major untreatable complication of osteosarcoma (OS) resulting in 10-20% long-term survival. The factors and pathways regulating these processes remain unclear, yet their identification is crucial in order to find new therapeutic targets. In this study we used a multi-omics approach to identify molecules in metastatic and non-metastatic OS cells that may contribute to OS metastasis, followed by validation in vitro and in vivo. We found elevated levels of the urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) and of the uPA receptor (uPAR) exclusively in metastatic OS cells. uPA was secreted in soluble form and as part of the protein cargo of OS-secreted extracellular vesicles, including exosomes. In addition, in the tumour microenvironment, uPA was expressed and secreted by bone marrow cells (BMC), and OS- and BMC-derived uPA significantly and specifically stimulated migration of metastatic OS cells via uPA-dependent signaling pathways. Silencing of uPAR in metastatic OS cells abrogated the migratory response to uPA in vitro and decreased metastasis in vivo. Finally, a novel small-molecule inhibitor of uPA significantly (P = 0.0004) inhibited metastasis in an orthotopic mouse model of OS. Thus, we show for the first time that malignant conversion of OS cells to a metastatic phenotype is defined by activation of the uPA/uPAR axis in both an autocrine and paracrine fashion. Furthermore, metastasis is driven by changes in OS cells as well as in the microenvironment. Finally, our data show that pharmacological inhibition of the uPA/uPAR axis with a novel small-molecule inhibitor can prevent the emergence of metastatic foci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Endo-Munoz
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Na Cai
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Andrew Cumming
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Rebecca Macklin
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Lilia Merida de Long
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Eleni Topkas
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Pamela Mukhopadhyay
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Michelle Hill
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Nicholas A Saunders
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia
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Mirzapoiazova T, Mambetsariev N, Lennon FE, Mambetsariev B, Berlind JE, Salgia R, Singleton PA. HABP2 is a Novel Regulator of Hyaluronan-Mediated Human Lung Cancer Progression. Front Oncol 2015; 5:164. [PMID: 26258071 PMCID: PMC4508840 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2015.00164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Lung cancer is a devastating disease with limited treatment options. Many lung cancers have changes in their microenvironment including upregulation of the extracellular matrix glycosaminoglycan, hyaluronan (HA), which we have previously demonstrated can regulate the activity of the extracellular serine protease, hyaluronan binding protein 2 (HABP2). This study examined the functional role of HABP2 on HA-mediated human lung cancer dynamics. Methods Immunohistochemical analysis was performed on lung cancer patient samples using anti-HABP2 antibody. Stable control, shRNA, and HABP2 overexpressing human lung adenocarcinoma cells were evaluated using immunoblot analysis, migration, extravasation, and urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) activation assays with or without high-molecular weight HA or low-molecular weight HA (LMW-HA). In human lung cancer xenograft models, primary tumor growth rates and lung metastasis were analyzed using consecutive tumor volume measurements and nestin immunoreactivity in nude mouse lungs. Results We provide evidence that HABP2 is an important regulator of lung cancer progression. HABP2 expression was increased in several subtypes of patient non-small cell lung cancer samples. Further, HABP2 overexpression increased LMW-HA-induced uPA activation, migration, and extravasation in human lung adenocarcinoma cells. In vivo, overexpression of HABP2 in human lung adenocarcinoma cells increased primary tumor growth rates in nude mice by ~2-fold and lung metastasis by ~10-fold compared to vector control cells (n = 5/condition). Conclusion Our data suggest a possible direct effect of HABP2 on uPA activation and lung cancer progression. Our observations suggest that exploration of HABP2 in non-small cell lung carcinoma merits further study both as a diagnostic and therapeutic option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Mirzapoiazova
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago , Chicago, IL , USA
| | - Nurbek Mambetsariev
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago , Chicago, IL , USA
| | - Frances E Lennon
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago , Chicago, IL , USA ; Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago , Chicago, IL , USA
| | - Bolot Mambetsariev
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago , Chicago, IL , USA
| | - Joshua E Berlind
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago , Chicago, IL , USA
| | - Ravi Salgia
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago , Chicago, IL , USA
| | - Patrick A Singleton
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago , Chicago, IL , USA ; Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago , Chicago, IL , USA
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Gao L, Nadora DM, Phan S, Chernova M, Sun V, Preciado SMO, Jia W, Wang G, Mihm MC, Nelson JS, Tan W. Topical axitinib suppresses angiogenesis pathways induced by pulsed dye laser. Br J Dermatol 2014; 172:669-76. [PMID: 25283693 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.13439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The recurrence of port-wine stain (PWS) blood vessels by pulsed dye laser (PDL)-induced angiogenesis is a critical barrier that must be overcome to achieve a better therapeutic outcome. OBJECTIVES To determine whether PDL-induced angiogenesis can be suppressed by topical axitinib. METHODS The mRNA expression profiles of 86 angiogenic genes and phosphorylation levels of extracellular signal regulated kinases (ERKs), phosphorylated protein kinase B (AKT) and ribosomal protein S6 kinase (p70S6K) in rodent skin were examined with or without topical axitinib administration after PDL exposure. RESULTS The PDL-induced increased transcriptional levels of angiogenic genes peaked at days 3-7 post-PDL exposure. Topical application of 0·5% axitinib effectively suppressed the PDL-induced increase in mRNA levels of the examined angiogenic genes and activation of AKT, P70S6K and ERK from days 1 to 7 post-PDL exposure. After topical administration, axitinib penetrated into rodent skin to an approximate depth of 929·5 μm. CONCLUSIONS Topical application of 0·5% axitinib can systematically suppress the PDL-induced early stages of angiogenesis via inhibition of the AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin/p70S6K and Src homology 2 domain containing transforming protein-1/mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase/ERK pathway cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Gao
- Department of Surgery and Biomedical Engineering, Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92617, U.S.A; Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
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Ahn SB, Mohamedali A, Anand S, Cheruku HR, Birch D, Sowmya G, Cantor D, Ranganathan S, Inglis DW, Frank R, Agrez M, Nice EC, Baker MS. Characterization of the Interaction between Heterodimeric αvβ6 Integrin and Urokinase Plasminogen Activator Receptor (uPAR) Using Functional Proteomics. J Proteome Res 2014; 13:5956-64. [DOI: 10.1021/pr500849x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ronald Frank
- Department
of Chemical Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffen
Strasse, 738124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Michael Agrez
- Division
of Surgery, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, NSW 2310, Australia
| | - Edouard C. Nice
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
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Gladysz R, Cleenewerck M, Joossens J, Lambeir AM, Augustyns K, Van der Veken P. Repositioning the Substrate Activity Screening (SAS) Approach as a Fragment-Based Method for Identification of Weak Binders. Chembiochem 2014; 15:2238-47. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201402192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Lozano-Mena G, Sánchez-González M, Juan ME, Planas JM. Maslinic acid, a natural phytoalexin-type triterpene from olives--a promising nutraceutical? Molecules 2014; 19:11538-59. [PMID: 25093990 PMCID: PMC6271970 DOI: 10.3390/molecules190811538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Revised: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Maslinic acid is a pentacyclic triterpene found in a variety of natural sources, ranging from herbal remedies used in traditional Asian medicine to edible vegetables and fruits present in the Mediterranean diet. In recent years, several studies have proved that maslinic acid exerts a wide range of biological activities, i.e. antitumor, antidiabetic, antioxidant, cardioprotective, neuroprotective, antiparasitic and growth-stimulating. Experimental models used for the assessment of maslinic acid effects include established cell lines, which have been often used to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of action, and also animal models of different disorders, which have confirmed the effects of the triterpene in vivo. Overall, and supported by the lack of adverse effects in mice, the results provide evidence of the potential of maslinic acid as a nutraceutical, not only for health promotion, but also as a therapeutic adjuvant in the treatment of several disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glòria Lozano-Mena
- Departament de Fisiologia and Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària (INSA-UB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Av. Joan XXIII s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Marta Sánchez-González
- Departament de Fisiologia and Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària (INSA-UB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Av. Joan XXIII s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Emília Juan
- Departament de Fisiologia and Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària (INSA-UB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Av. Joan XXIII s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joana M Planas
- Departament de Fisiologia and Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària (INSA-UB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Av. Joan XXIII s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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Wang WS, Guo FJ, Li CJ, Zhang ZD, Shi CH. Construction and verification of the targeted uPA-shRNA lentiviral vector and evaluation of the transfection and silencing rate. Exp Ther Med 2014; 8:435-441. [PMID: 25009597 PMCID: PMC4079424 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2014.1741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) receptors, which are released by the synovial tissue, are responsible for the activation of cartilage-breakdown proteases and play critical roles in cartilage degradation during the progression of osteoarthritis (OA). RNA interference (RNAi) technology has emerged as a potent tool to generate cellular knockdown phenotypes of a desired gene. The aims of the present study were to investigate the effect of siRNA specific to the uPA gene on chondrocytes and to investigate the possible mechanisms of OA. Firstly, four types of small hairpin RNA (shRNA) sequence (P1, P2, P3 and P4) were obtained from the targeted uPA gene of the New Zealand rabbit, based on siRNA theory. The sequences were designed, constructed and subjected to restriction enzyme digestion, transformation, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) identification, positive clone sequencing and lentivirus packaging. Secondly, primary culturing cartilage cells from the New Zealand rabbit were transfected with P1, P2, P3 or P4 to observe the transfection rate under a fluorescence microscope. The mRNA expression levels of uPA were analyzed in cartilage cells using quantitative PCR, while protein expression levels were analyzed in the cartilage cells using western blot technology. Four types of uPA-shRNA lentiviral vectors were constructed successfully, which were all able to be transfected into the primary culturing cartilage cells. The transfection rate was as high as 85% when the multiplicity of infection was 100, which demonstrated that P1, P2, P3 and P4 were all capable of inhibiting the mRNA and protein expression of uPA in cartilage cells. In addition, among the four sequences, the P2 sequence exhibited the highest silencing rate of 70%. Statistical significance (P<0.05) was observed when analyzing the silencing rate of P2 compared to the other three groups. The most efficient targeted uPA-shRNA sequence was identified following screening. The results strongly verified that siRNA lentiviral vectors can be transfected into cartilage cells to further inhibit the expression of the uPA gene efficiently and steadily. Thus, the results provide the foundation for further research on the role of uPA in the pathogenesis of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Shan Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832008, P.R. China ; Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Feng-Jing Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Chang-Jun Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832008, P.R. China
| | - Zhen-Dong Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832008, P.R. China
| | - Chen-Hui Shi
- Department of Orthopedics, Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832008, P.R. China
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Ahn SB, Mohamedali A, Chan C, Fletcher J, Kwun SY, Clarke C, Dent OF, Chapuis PH, Nice E, Baker MS. Correlations between integrin ανβ6 expression and clinico-pathological features in stage B and stage C rectal cancer. PLoS One 2014; 9:e97248. [PMID: 24821188 PMCID: PMC4018280 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrin ανβ6 is highly expressed in a range of human cancers and frequently correlates with patient survival. This study examines correlations between ανβ6 expression and patient clinico-pathological features in Stage B and Stage C rectal cancer, including overall survival. Expression of ανβ6 was measured in 362 Stage B or C rectal cancer tissue samples at the tumour central region, invasive tumour front and adjacent non-neoplastic mucosa using immunohistochemistry. Distribution of ανβ6 was found to be significantly higher at the invasive front compared to central regions of the tumour (p<0.001) or adjacent non-neoplastic mucosa (p<0.001) suggesting ανβ6 plays a role in tumour cell invasion. However, integrin ανβ6 expression was not associated with clinico-pathological features or overall survival indicating it is not an independent prognostic marker differentiating Stage B or C rectal cancer. Previous ανβ6 studies have suggested the expression of ανβ6 is involved in the earlier stages (i.e. Stages A/B) of tumour progression rather than the later stages (i.e. Stages C/D). However, our study has revealed that in rectal cancer ανβ6 expression does not increase between Stages B and C, but may occur earlier, namely before or during Stage B cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Beom Ahn
- Australian School of Advanced Medicine, Macquarie University, North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Abidali Mohamedali
- Australian School of Advanced Medicine, Macquarie University, North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Charles Chan
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Concord Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Julie Fletcher
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Concord Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sun Young Kwun
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Concord Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Candice Clarke
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Concord Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Owen F. Dent
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Concord Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Pierre H. Chapuis
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Concord Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Edouard Nice
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mark S. Baker
- Australian School of Advanced Medicine, Macquarie University, North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia
- * E-mail:
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Karamanavi E, Angelopoulou K, Lavrentiadou S, Tsingotjidou A, Abas Z, Taitzoglou I, Vlemmas I, Erdman SE, Poutahidis T. Urokinase-type plasminogen activator deficiency promotes neoplasmatogenesis in the colon of mice. Transl Oncol 2014; 7:174-187.e5. [PMID: 24913672 PMCID: PMC4101295 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2014.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Revised: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) participates in cancer-related biologic processes, such as wound healing and inflammation. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of uPA deficiency on the long-term outcome of early life episodes of dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis in mice. Wild-type (WT) and uPA-deficient (uPA(-/-)) BALB/c mice were treated with DSS or remained untreated. Mice were necropsied either 1 week or 7 months after DSS treatment. Colon samples were analyzed by histopathology, immunohistochemistry, ELISA, and real-time polymerase chain reaction. At 7 months, with no colitis evident, half of the uPA(-/-) mice had large colonic polypoid adenomas, whereas WT mice did not. One week after DSS treatment, there were typical DSS-induced colitis lesions in both WT and uPA(-/-) mice. The affected colon of uPA(-/-) mice, however, had features of delayed ulcer re-epithelialization and dysplastic lesions of higher grade developing on the basis of a significantly altered mucosal inflammatory milieu. The later was characterized by more neutrophils and macrophages, less regulatory T cells (Treg), significantly upregulated cytokines, including interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-17, tumor necrosis factor-α, and IL-10, and lower levels of active transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) compared to WT mice. Dysfunctional Treg, more robust protumorigenic inflammatory events, and an inherited inability to produce adequate amounts of extracellular active TGF-β1 due to uPA deficiency are interlinked as probable explanations for the inflammatory-induced neoplasmatogenesis in the colon of uPA(-/-) mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisavet Karamanavi
- Laboratory of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Katerina Angelopoulou
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Sophia Lavrentiadou
- Laboratory of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Anastasia Tsingotjidou
- Laboratory of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Zaphiris Abas
- Department of Agricultural Development, Democritus University of Thrace, Orestiada, Greece
| | - Ioannis Taitzoglou
- Laboratory of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioannis Vlemmas
- Laboratory of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Suzan E Erdman
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Theofilos Poutahidis
- Laboratory of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
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Abstract
Currently, there are several studies supporting the role of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) system in cancer. The association of uPA to its receptor triggers the conversion of plasminogen into plasmin. This process is regulated by the uPA inhibitors (PAI-1 and PAI-2). Plasmin promotes degradation of basement membrane and extracellular matrix (ECM) components as well as activation of ECM latent matrix metalloproteases. Degradation and remodeling of the surrounding tissues is crucial in the early steps of tumor progression by facilitating expansion of the tumor mass, release of tumor growth factors, activation of cytokines as well as induction of tumor cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Hence, many tumors showed a correlation between uPA system component levels and tumor aggressiveness and survival. Therefore, this review summarizes the structure of the uPA system, its contribution to cancer progression, and the clinical relevance of uPA family members in cancer diagnosis. In addition, the review evaluates the significance of uPA system in the development of cancer-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed H Mekkawy
- Department of Surgery, Cancer Research Laboratories, St. George Hospital, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2217, Australia
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Du F, Zhang X, Li S, Wang Y, Zheng M, Wang Y, Zhao S, Wu J, Gui L, Zhao M, Peng S. Mechanism of forming trimer, self-assembling nano-particle and inhibiting tumor growth of small molecule CIPPCT. Med Chem Commun 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4md00158c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism whereby CIPPCT forms nanoparticles capable of delivery in circulation and adhering on cancer cells is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengxiang Du
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Capital Medical University
- Beijing 100069, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyi Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Capital Medical University
- Beijing 100069, P.R. China
| | - Shan Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Capital Medical University
- Beijing 100069, P.R. China
| | - Yaonan Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Capital Medical University
- Beijing 100069, P.R. China
| | - Meiqing Zheng
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Capital Medical University
- Beijing 100069, P.R. China
| | - Yuji Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Capital Medical University
- Beijing 100069, P.R. China
| | - Shurui Zhao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Capital Medical University
- Beijing 100069, P.R. China
| | - Jianhui Wu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Capital Medical University
- Beijing 100069, P.R. China
| | - Lin Gui
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Capital Medical University
- Beijing 100069, P.R. China
| | - Ming Zhao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Capital Medical University
- Beijing 100069, P.R. China
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology
- Kaohsiung Medical University
| | - Shiqi Peng
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Capital Medical University
- Beijing 100069, P.R. China
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Mekkawy AH, Morris DL. Human sprouty1 suppresses urokinase receptor-stimulated cell migration and invasion. ISRN Biochem 2013; 2013:598251. [PMID: 25937961 DOI: 10.1155/2013/598251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2013] [Accepted: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) has been implicated in several processes in tumor progression including cell migration and invasion in addition to initiation of signal transduction. Since uPAR lacks a transmembrane domain, it uses the interaction with other proteins to modulate intracellular signal transduction. We have previously identified hSpry1 as a partner protein of uPAR, suggesting a physiological role for hSpry1 in the regulation of uPAR signal transduction. In this study, hSpry1 was found to colocalize with uPAR upon stimulation with epidermal growth factor (EGF), urokinase (uPA), or its amino terminal fragment (uPA-ATF), implicating a physiological role of hSpry1 in regulation of uPAR signalling pathway. Moreover, hSpry1 was able to inhibit uPAR-stimulated cell migration in HEK293/uPAR, breast carcinoma, and colorectal carcinoma cells. In addition, hSpry1 was found to inhibit uPAR-stimulated cell invasion in breast carcinoma and osteosarcoma cell lines. Increasing our understanding of how hSpry1 negatively regulates uPAR-stimulated cellular functions may determine a distinctive role for hSpry1 in tumour suppression.
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Persson M, Hosseini M, Madsen J, Jørgensen TJD, Jensen KJ, Kjaer A, Ploug M. Improved PET imaging of uPAR expression using new (64)Cu-labeled cross-bridged peptide ligands: comparative in vitro and in vivo studies. Theranostics 2013; 3:618-32. [PMID: 24052804 PMCID: PMC3776215 DOI: 10.7150/thno.6810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 07/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The correlation between uPAR expression, cancer cell invasion and metastases is now well-established and has prompted the development of a number of uPAR PET imaging agents, which could potentially identify cancer patients with invasive and metastatic lesions. In the present study, we synthesized and characterized two new cross-bridged 64Cu-labeled peptide conjugates for PET imaging of uPAR and performed a head-to-head comparison with the corresponding and more conventionally used DOTA conjugate. Based on in-source laser-induced reduction of chelated Cu(II) to Cu(I), we now demonstrate the following ranking with respect to the chemical inertness of their complexed Cu ions: DOTA-AE105 << CB-TE2A-AE105 < CB-TE2A-PA-AE105, which is correlated to their corresponding demetallation rate. No penalty in the uPAR receptor binding affinity of the targeting peptide was encountered by conjugation to either of the macrobicyclic chelators (IC50 ~ 5-10 nM) and high yields and radiochemical purities (>95%) were achieved in all cases by incubation at 95ºC. In vivo, they display identical tumor uptake after 1h, but differ significantly after 22 hrs, where the DOTA-AE105 uptake remains surprisingly high. Importantly, the more stable of the new uPAR PET tracers, 64Cu-CB-TE2A-PA-AE105, exhibits a significantly reduced liver uptake compared to 64Cu-DOTA-AE105 as well as 64Cu-CB-TE2A-AE105, (p<0.0001), emphasizing that our new in vitro stability measurements by mass spectrometry predicts in vivo stability in mice. Specificity of the best performing ligand, 64Cu-CB-TE2A-PA-AE105 was finally confirmed in vivo using a non-binding 64Cu-labeled peptide as control (64Cu-CB-TE2A-PA-AE105mut). This control PET-tracer revealed significantly reduced tumor uptake (p<0.0001), but identical hepatic uptake compared to its active counterpart (64Cu-CB-TE2A-PA-AE105) after 1h. In conclusion, our new approach using in-source laser-induced reduction of Cu(II)-chelated PET-ligands provides useful information, which are predictive for the tracer stability in vivo in mice. Furthermore, the increased stability of our new macrobicyclic 64Cu-CB-TE2A-PA-AE105 PET ligand is paralleled by an excellent imaging contrast during non-invasive PET scanning of uPAR expression in preclinical mouse cancer models. The translational promises displayed by this PET-tracer for future clinical cancer patient management remains, however, to be investigated.
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Asuthkar S, Stepanova V, Lebedeva T, Holterman AL, Estes N, Cines DB, Rao JS, Gondi CS. Multifunctional roles of urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) in cancer stemness and chemoresistance of pancreatic cancer. Mol Biol Cell 2013; 24:2620-32. [PMID: 23864708 PMCID: PMC3756915 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e12-04-0306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is almost always lethal. One of the underlying reasons for this lethality is believed to be the presence of cancer stem cells (CSC), which impart chemoresistance and promote recurrence, but the mechanisms responsible are unclear. Recently the poor prognosis of PDAC has been correlated with increased expression of urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA). In the present study we examine the role of uPA in the generation of PDAC CSC. We observe a subset of cells identifiable as a side population (SP) when sorted by flow cytometry of MIA PaCa-2 and PANC-1 pancreatic cancer cells that possess the properties of CSC. A large fraction of these SP cells are CD44 and CD24 positive, are gemcitabine resistant, possess sphere-forming ability, and exhibit increased tumorigenicity, known characteristics of cancer stemness. Increased tumorigenicity and gemcitabine resistance decrease after suppression of uPA. We observe that uPA interacts directly with transcription factors LIM homeobox-2 (Lhx2), homeobox transcription factor A5 (HOXA5), and Hey to possibly promote cancer stemness. uPA regulates Lhx2 expression by suppressing expression of miR-124 and p53 expression by repressing its promoter by inactivating HOXA5. These results demonstrate that regulation of gene transcription by uPA contributes to cancer stemness and clinical lethality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swapna Asuthkar
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, IL 61605, USA
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Horvatic Herceg G, Herceg D, Kralik M, Kulic A, Bence-Zigman Z, Tomic-Brzac H, Bracic I, Kusacic-Kuna S, Prgomet D. Urokinase plasminogen activator and its inhibitor type-1 as prognostic factors in differentiated thyroid carcinoma patients. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2013; 149:533-40. [PMID: 23835563 DOI: 10.1177/0194599813496374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the prognostic value of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and its inhibitor, type-1 plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1), in differentiated thyroid cancer. STUDY DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING University hospital. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Cytosolic concentrations of uPA and PAI-1 were determined in 105 patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma and normal matched tissues using an enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA). RESULTS Both uPA and PAI-1 concentrations were significantly higher in differentiated thyroid tumors (uPA = 0.509 ± 0.767 and PAI-1 = 6.337 ± 6.415 ng/mg) compared to normal tissues (uPA = 0.237 ± 0.051, P < .001; PAI-1 = 2.368 ± 0.418 ng/mg, P < .001). uPA and PAI-1 were significantly higher if extrathyroidal invasion (uPA, P = .015; PAI-1, P < .001) or distant metastasis (PAI-1 P < .001) was present, as well as in tumors whose size exceeded 1 cm in diameter (uPA, P = .002; PAI-1, P = .001). Survival analysis revealed the significant impact of both uPA and PAI-1 on progression-free survival (PFS) (82.22 vs 49.478 months for patients with low and high uPA, respectively, P < .001; 87.068 vs 44.964 months for patients with low and high PAI-1, respectively, P < .001). Univariate analysis showed that gender, tumor size, tumor grade, extrathyroid invasion, local lymph node involvement, distant metastasis, uPA, and PAI-1 were significant predictors of PFS. However, multivariate analysis identified only distant metastasis and tumor tissue uPA and PAI-1 as independent prognostic factors. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that high uPA and PAI-1 levels represent independent unfavorable prognostic factors in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordana Horvatic Herceg
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiation Protection, University Hospital Center Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
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O'Halloran TV, Ahn R, Hankins P, Swindell E, Mazar AP. The many spaces of uPAR: delivery of theranostic agents and nanobins to multiple tumor compartments through a single target. Am J Cancer Res 2013; 3:496-506. [PMID: 23843897 PMCID: PMC3706693 DOI: 10.7150/thno.4953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2012] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) system is a proteolytic system comprised of uPA, a cell surface receptor for uPA (uPAR), and an inhibitor of uPA (PAI-1) and is implicated in many aspects of tumor growth and metastasis. The uPA system has been identified in nearly all solid tumors examined to date as well as several hematological malignancies. In adults, transient expression of the uPA system is observed during wound healing and inflammatory processes while only limited expression is identified in healthy, quiescent tissue. Members of the uPA system are expressed not only on cancer cells but also on tumor-associated stromal cells. These factors make the uPA system an ideal therapeutic target for cancer therapies. To date most therapeutics targeted at the uPA system have been inhibitors of either the uPA-uPAR interaction or uPA proteolysis but have not shown robust anti-tumor activity. There is now mounting evidence that uPAR participates in a complex signaling network central to its role in cancer progression, which provides a basis for the hypothesis that uPAR may be a marker for cancer stem cells. Several new uPAR-directed therapies have recently been developed based on this new information. A monoclonal antibody has been developed that disrupts the interactions of uPAR with signaling partners and is poised to enter the clinic. In addition, nanoscale drug delivery vehicles targeted to the uPA system using monoclonal antibodies, without disrupting the normal functioning of the system, are also in development. This review will highlight some of these new discoveries and the new uPA system-based therapeutic approaches that have arisen from them.
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Huang Z, Li H, Huang Q, Chen D, Han J, Wang L, Pan C, Chen W, House MG, Nephew KP, Guo Z. SERPINB2 down-regulation contributes to chemoresistance in head and neck cancer. Mol Carcinog 2013; 53:777-86. [PMID: 23661500 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2012] [Revised: 02/22/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Resistance to cisplatin-based chemotherapy is responsible for the majority of deaths from head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). In this study, using genome-wide gene expression analysis to investigate potential molecular mediators of HNSCC chemoresistance, we identified SERPINB2, a known inhibitor of extracellular serine proteinase urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA), as an important candidate. Whereas SERPINB2 is known to function as a suppressor of uPA molecular cascades, many of which play important roles in tumor invasion and metastasis, a role for SERPINB2 in cancer drug resistance has not been examined. By using quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot analysis, we determined that SERPINB2 mRNA and protein levels correlated with chemoresistance in HNSCC cell lines, and significantly lower SERPINB2 expression levels were observed in two cisplatin resistant HNSCC subclones compared to their isogenic drug-sensitive parental lines. Immunohistochemical analysis of HNSCC tumor tissues from patients treated with neoadjuvant cisplatin-based chemotherapy (n = 67 cases) revealed a significant association between SERPINB2 protein levels, tumor differentiation and patient relapse. Moreover, SERPINB2 down-regulation was a strong predictor of reduced overall survival in patients with HNSCC who received cisplatin-based chemotherapy (P = 0.001, log rank test). Studies using either siRNA-mediated down-regulation or forced over-expression of SERPINB2 in HNSCC cell lines confirmed a functional role for SERPINB2 in drug resistance. The findings were further supported using chemical inhibitors of STAT3 activity (a downstream effecter of uPAR signaling pathway), showing that STAT3 suppression altered HNSCC cell line cisplatin sensitivity. This is the first report on a role for SERPINB2 in acquired resistance to cisplatin in patients with HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiquan Huang
- Medical Sciences Program, Indiana University School of Medicine, Bloomington, Indiana; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, P.R., China; Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology and Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
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Xu B, Li KP, Shen F, Xiao HQ, Cai WS, Li JL, Liu QC, Jia L. Ulinastatin reduces cancer recurrence after resection of hepatic metastases from colon cancer by inhibiting MMP-9 activation via the antifibrinolytic pathway. Biomed Res Int 2013; 2013:437950. [PMID: 23710449 DOI: 10.1155/2013/437950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Revised: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
High recurrence of colon cancer liver metastasis is observed in patients after hepatic surgery, and the cause is believed to be mostly due to the growth of residual microscopic metastatic lesions within the residual liver. Therefore, triggering the progression of occult metastatic foci may be a novel strategy for improving survival from colon cancer liver metastases. In the present study, we identified an anti-recurrence effect of ulinastatin on colon cancer liver metastasis in mice after hepatectomy. Transwell cell invasion assays demonstrated that ulinastatin significantly inhibited the in vitro invasive ability of colon cancer HCT116 cells. Moreover, gelatin zymography and ELISA analysis showed that MMP-9 activity and plasmin activity of colon cancer HCT116 cells were inhibited by ulinastatin, respectively. Furthermore, in vivo BALB/C nu/nu mice model indicated that ulinastatin effectively reduced recurrence after resection of hepatic metastases from colon cancer. The optimum timing for ulinastatin administration was one week after hepatectomy. Taken together, our findings point to the potential of ulinastatin as an effective approach in controlling recurrence of hepatic metastases from colon cancer after hepatectomy via its anti-plasmin activity.
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Liu Z, Wang Y, Zhou C, Xue Y, Zhao W, Liu H. Computationally characterizing and comprehensive analysis of zinc-binding sites in proteins. Biochim Biophys Acta 2013; 1844:171-80. [PMID: 23499845 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2013.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Revised: 03/02/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Zinc is one of the most essential metals utilized by organisms, and zinc-binding proteins play an important role in a variety of biological processes such as transcription regulation, cell metabolism and apoptosis. Thus, characterizing the precise zinc-binding sites is fundamental to an elucidation of the biological functions and molecular mechanisms of zinc-binding proteins. Using systematic analyses of structural characteristics, we observed that 4-residue and 3-residue zinc-binding sites have distinctly specific geometric features. Based on the results, we developed the novel computational program Geometric REstriction for Zinc-binding (GRE4Zn) to characterize the zinc-binding sites in protein structures, by restricting the distances between zinc and its coordinating atoms. The comparison between GRE4Zn and analogous tools revealed that it achieved a superior performance. A large-scale prediction for structurally characterized proteins was performed with this powerful predictor, and statistical analyses for the results indicated zinc-binding proteins have come to be significantly involved in more complicated biological processes in higher species than simpler species during the course of evolution. Further analyses suggested that zinc-binding proteins are preferentially implicated in a variety of diseases and highly enriched in known drug targets, and the prediction of zinc-binding sites can be helpful for the investigation of molecular mechanisms. In this regard, these prediction and analysis results should prove to be highly useful be helpful for further biomedical study and drug design. The online service of GRE4Zn is freely available at: http://biocomp.ustc.edu.cn/gre4zn/. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Computational Proteomics, Systems Biology & Clinical Implications. Guest Editor: Yudong Cai.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zexian Liu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
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Zhang Y, Song L, Cai L, Wei R, Hu H, Jin W. Effects of baicalein on apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, migration and invasion of osteosarcoma cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 53:325-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2012] [Revised: 11/28/2012] [Accepted: 12/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Deryugina EI, Quigley JP. Cell surface remodeling by plasmin: a new function for an old enzyme. J Biomed Biotechnol 2012; 2012:564259. [PMID: 23097597 DOI: 10.1155/2012/564259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2012] [Accepted: 06/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmin, one of the most potent and reactive serine proteases, is involved in various physiological processes, including embryo development, thrombolysis, wound healing and cancer progression. The proteolytic activity of plasmin is tightly regulated through activation of its precursor, plasminogen, only at specific times and in defined locales as well as through inhibition of active plasmin by its abundant natural inhibitors. By exploiting the plasminogen activating system and overexpressing distinct components of the plasminogen activation cascade, such as pro-uPA, uPAR and plasminogen receptors, malignant cells can enhance the generation of plasmin which in turn, modifies the tumor microenvironment to sustain cancer progression. While plasmin-mediated degradation and modification of extracellular matrix proteins, release of growth factors and cytokines from the stroma as well as activation of several matrix metalloproteinase zymogens, all have been a focus of cancer research studies for decades, the ability of plasmin to cleave transmembrane molecules and thereby to generate functionally important cleaved products which induce outside-in signal transduction, has just begun to receive sufficient attention. Herein, we highlight this relatively understudied, but important function of the plasmin enzyme as it is generated de novo at the interface between cross-talking cancer and host cells.
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Ross CR, Brennan-Laun SE, Wilson GM. Tristetraprolin: roles in cancer and senescence. Ageing Res Rev 2012; 11:473-84. [PMID: 22387927 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2012.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2011] [Revised: 02/09/2012] [Accepted: 02/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cancer and senescence are both complex transformative processes that dramatically alter many features of cell physiology and their interactions with surrounding tissues. Developing the wide range of cellular features characteristic of these conditions requires profound alterations in global gene expression patterns, which can be achieved by suppressing, activating, or uncoupling cellular gene regulatory pathways. Many genes associated with the initiation and development of tumors are regulated at the level of mRNA decay, frequently through the activity of AU-rich mRNA-destabilizing elements (AREs) located in their 3'-untranslated regions. As such, cellular factors that recognize and control the decay of ARE-containing mRNAs can influence tumorigenic or senescent phenotypes mediated by products of these transcripts. In this review, we discuss evidence showing how suppressed expression and/or activity of the ARE-binding protein tristetraprolin (TTP) can contribute to these processes. Next, we outline current findings linking TTP suppression to exacerbation of individual tumorigenic phenotypes, and the roles of specific TTP substrate mRNAs in mediating these effects. Finally, we survey potential mechanisms that cells may employ to suppress TTP expression in cancer, and propose potential diagnostic and therapeutic strategies that may exploit the relationship between TTP expression and tumor progression or senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina R Ross
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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Odden N, Henriksen T, Mørkrid L. Serum soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) in early pregnancy prior to clinical onset of preeclampsia. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2012; 91:1226-32. [PMID: 22774918 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0412.2012.01504.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine whether soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) in early pregnancy could be a risk marker for later development of preeclampsia. DESIGN Case-control study. SETTING Hospital-based. POPULATION The study comprised 43 pregnant women developing preeclampsia (cases) and 86 pregnant women not developing the disorder (controls). Each case was matched with two controls with respect to pre-pregnancy body mass index, gestational age at time of blood collection, storage time of blood samples and maternal age. METHODS The samples had been taken predominantly in the first trimester as part of a routine serological screening for rubella, HIV and toxoplasmosis of Norwegian pregnant women, and were analyzed by a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent suPARnostic® assay kit (ELISA, Virogates, Copenhagen, Denmark). RESULTS There was no significant difference between median suPAR levels in women who subsequently developed preeclampsia and those who did not (4.5 in the case group vs. 4.3 ng/mL in the control group, p= 0.49). The suPAR levels were relatively high compared with levels in non-pregnant women, reflecting some general physiological responsiveness associated with pregnancy irrespective of preeclampsia. The suPAR level was not related to maternal body mass index, maternal age or sample storage time, nor did it show any association with the following fetal characteristics: body weight, body length, placental weight, delivery method or gender. CONCLUSION suPAR did not appear to be a useful early pre-clinical marker of preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Odden
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
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Salvi N, Buratto R, Bornet A, Ulzega S, Rentero Rebollo I, Angelini A, Heinis C, Bodenhausen G. Boosting the sensitivity of ligand-protein screening by NMR of long-lived states. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:11076-9. [PMID: 22686687 DOI: 10.1021/ja303301w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A new NMR method for the study of ligand-protein interactions exploits the unusual lifetimes of long-lived states (LLSs). The new method provides better contrast between bound and free ligands and requires a protein-ligand ratio ca. 25 times lower than for established T(1ρ) methods, thus saving on costly proteins. The new LLS method was applied to the screening of inhibitors of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA), which is a prototypical target of cancer research. With only 10 μM protein, a dissociation constant (K(D)) of 180 ± 20 nM was determined for the strong ligand (inhibitor) UK-18, which can be compared with K(D) = 157 ± 39 nM determined by the established surface plasmon resonance method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Salvi
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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Angelini A, Cendron L, Chen S, Touati J, Winter G, Zanotti G, Heinis C. Bicyclic peptide inhibitor reveals large contact interface with a protease target. ACS Chem Biol 2012; 7:817-21. [PMID: 22304751 DOI: 10.1021/cb200478t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
From a large combinatorial library of chemically constrained bicyclic peptides we isolated a selective and potent (K(i) = 53 nM) inhibitor of human urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and crystallized the complex. This revealed an extended structure of the peptide with both peptide loops engaging the target to form a large interaction surface of 701 Å(2) with multiple hydrogen bonds and complementary charge interactions, explaining the high affinity and specificity of the inhibitor. The interface resembles that between two proteins and suggests that these constrained peptides have the potential to act as small protein mimics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Angelini
- Institute
of Chemical Sciences
and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Laura Cendron
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Padua, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35131 Padua,
Italy
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Via Giuseppe Orus 2, 35129
Padua, Italy
| | - Shiyu Chen
- Institute
of Chemical Sciences
and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jeremy Touati
- Institute
of Chemical Sciences
and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Greg Winter
- Laboratory of
Molecular Biology, Medical Research Council, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2
0QH, U.K
| | - Giuseppe Zanotti
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Padua, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35131 Padua,
Italy
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Via Giuseppe Orus 2, 35129
Padua, Italy
| | - Christian Heinis
- Institute
of Chemical Sciences
and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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Park SY, Nho CW, Kwon DY, Kang YH, Lee KW, Park JH. Maslinic acid inhibits the metastatic capacity of DU145 human prostate cancer cells: possible mediation via hypoxia-inducible factor-1α signalling. Br J Nutr 2013; 109:210-22. [PMID: 22716951 DOI: 10.1017/S0007114512000967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Maslinic acid is found in various natural sources, most notably in pomace olive oil, and exerts pro-apoptotic activities in various cancer cells in vitro. In the present study, DU145 human prostate cancer cells were cultured with 0-25 μm-maslinic acid to examine the effects of maslinic acid on the metastatic capacity of prostate cancer cells. Maslinic acid significantly (P <0.05) inhibited the basal and epidermal growth factor (EGF)-induced migration (27-64 %), invasion (23-60 %) and adhesion (8-40 %) of DU145 cells. Maslinic acid significantly (P <0·05) down-regulated both basal and EGF-stimulated secretion of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 (25-67 %), MMP-2 (50-86 %), urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA, about 100 %), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF, 98-100 %) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMP)-1, as well as expression of uPA receptor (uPAR), intercellular adhesion molecules (22-33 %), vascular cell adhesion molecules (23-46 %) and E-cadherin, whereas it increased TIMP-2 secretion. Maslinic acid dramatically reduced the levels of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) protein and mRNA; the reduction was accompanied by reduced stability, nuclear levels and transcriptional activity of HIF-1α. The levels of phospho-Akt and phospho-extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) were reduced in cells treated with maslinic acid, and the phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibitor LY294002 and the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase inhibitor PD98059 reduced HIF-1α levels and VEGF secretion. The results show that maslinic acid markedly inhibited the migration, invasion and adhesion of DU145 prostate cancer cells. Suppressing HIF-1α activation by inhibiting Akt and ERK activation may be part of the mechanism by which maslinic acid inhibited uPAR, E-cadherin, VEGF and MMP expression in DU145 cells.
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