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Tran M, Gilling S, Wu J, Wang L, Shin DJ. miR-141/200c contributes to ethanol-mediated hepatic glycogen metabolism. Mol Metab 2024; 84:101942. [PMID: 38642890 PMCID: PMC11060962 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2024.101942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hepatic glucose metabolism is profoundly perturbed by excessive alcohol intake. miR-141/200c expression is significantly induced by chronic ethanol feeding. This study aimed at identifying the role of miR-141/200c in glucose homeostasis during chronic ethanol exposure. METHODS WT and miR-141/200c KO mice were fed a control or an ethanol diet for 30 days, followed by a single binge of maltose dextrin or ethanol, respectively. Untargeted metabolomics analysis of hepatic primary metabolites was performed along with analyses for liver histology, gene expression, intracellular signaling pathways, and physiological relevance. Primary hepatocytes were used for mechanistic studies. RESULTS miR-141/200c deficiency rewires hepatic glucose metabolism during chronic ethanol feeding, increasing the abundance of glucose intermediates including G6P, an allosteric activator for GS. miR-141/200c deficiency replenished glycogen depletion during chronic ethanol feeding accompanied by reduced GS phosphorylation in parallel with increased expression of PP1 glycogen targeting subunits. Moreover, miR-141/200c deficiency prevented ethanol-mediated increases in AMPK and CaMKK2 activity. Ethanol treatment reduced glycogen content in WT-hepatocytes, which was reversed by dorsomorphin, a selective AMPK inhibitor, while KO-hepatocytes displayed higher glycogen content than WT-hepatocytes in response to ethanol treatment. Furthermore, treatment of hepatocytes with A23187, a calcium ionophore activating CaMKK2, lowered glycogen content in WT-hepatocytes. Notably, the suppressive effect of A23187 on glycogen deposition was reversed by dorsomorphin, demonstrating that the glycogen depletion by A23187 is mediated by AMPK. KO-hepatocytes exhibited higher glycogen content than WT-hepatocytes in response to A23187. Finally, miR-141/200c deficiency led to improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity during chronic ethanol feeding. CONCLUSIONS miR-141/200c deficiency replenishes ethanol-mediated hepatic glycogen depletion through the regulation of GS activity and calcium signaling coupled with the AMPK pathway, improving glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity. These results underscore miR-141/200c as a potential therapeutic target for the management of alcohol intoxication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Tran
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, 75 N. Eagleville Rd, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Shaynian Gilling
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, 75 N. Eagleville Rd, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Jianguo Wu
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, 75 N. Eagleville Rd, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University, 333 Cedar St, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Dong-Ju Shin
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, 75 N. Eagleville Rd, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
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Todero J, Douillet C, Shumway AJ, Koller BH, Kanke M, Phuong DJ, Stýblo M, Sethupathy P. Molecular and Metabolic Analysis of Arsenic-Exposed Humanized AS3MT Mice. Environ Health Perspect 2023; 131:127021. [PMID: 38150313 PMCID: PMC10752418 DOI: 10.1289/ehp12785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic exposure to inorganic arsenic (iAs) has been associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, potential sex divergence and the underlying mechanisms remain understudied. iAs is not metabolized uniformly across species, which is a limitation of typical exposure studies in rodent models. The development of a new "humanized" mouse model overcomes this limitation. In this study, we leveraged this model to study sex differences in the context of iAs exposure. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to determine if males and females exhibit different liver and adipose molecular profiles and metabolic phenotypes in the context of iAs exposure. METHODS Our study was performed on wild-type (WT) 129S6/SvEvTac and humanized arsenic + 3 methyl transferase (human AS3MT) 129S6/SvEvTac mice treated with 400 ppb of iAs via drinking water ad libitum. After 1 month, mice were sacrificed and the liver and gonadal adipose depots were harvested for iAs quantification and sequencing-based microRNA and gene expression analysis. Serum blood was collected for fasting blood glucose, fasting plasma insulin, and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). RESULTS We detected sex divergence in liver and adipose markers of diabetes (e.g., miR-34a, insulin signaling pathways, fasting blood glucose, fasting plasma insulin, and HOMA-IR) only in humanized (not WT) mice. In humanized female mice, numerous genes that promote insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance in both the liver and adipose are elevated compared to humanized male mice. We also identified Klf11 as a putative master regulator of the sex divergence in gene expression in humanized mice. DISCUSSION Our study underscored the importance of future studies leveraging the humanized mouse model to study iAs-associated metabolic disease. The findings suggested that humanized males are at increased risk for metabolic dysfunction relative to humanized females in the context of iAs exposure. Future investigations should focus on the detailed mechanisms that underlie the sex divergence. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP12785.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna Todero
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Christelle Douillet
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Alexandria J. Shumway
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Beverly H. Koller
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Matt Kanke
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Daryl J. Phuong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Miroslav Stýblo
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Praveen Sethupathy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
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Shi H, Kong R, Miao X, Gou L, Yin X, Ding Y, Cao X, Meng Q, Gu M, Suo F. Decreased PPP1R3G in pre-eclampsia impairs human trophoblast invasion and migration via Akt/MMP-9 signaling pathway. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2023; 248:1373-1382. [PMID: 37642261 PMCID: PMC10657594 DOI: 10.1177/15353702231182214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Pre-eclampsia (PE) is a severe pregnancy complication characterized by impaired trophoblast invasion and spiral artery remodeling and can have serious consequences for both mother and child. Protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 3G (PPP1R3G) is involved in numerous tumor-related biological processes. However, the biological action and underlying mechanisms of PPP1R3G in PE progression remain unclear. We used western blotting and immunohistochemistry to investigate PPP1R3G expression in gestational age-matched pre-eclamptic and normal placental tissues. After lentivirus transfection, wound-healing, Transwell, cell-counting kit-8 (CCK-8), 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU), and TdT mediateddUTP Nick End Labeling (TUNEL) assays were used to assess trophoblast migration, invasion, proliferation, and apoptosis, respectively. The relative expression levels of PPP1R3G and the proteins involved in the Akt signaling pathway were determined using western blotting. The results showed that PPP1R3G levels were significantly lower in the placental tissues and GSE74341 microarray of the PE group than those of the healthy control group. We also found that neonatal weight and Apgar score were lower at birth, and peak systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure were higher in the PE group than in the non-PE group. In addition, PPP1R3G knockdown decreased p-Akt/Akt expression and inhibited migration, invasion, and proliferation in HTR-8/SVneo trophoblasts but had no discernible effect on cell apoptosis. Furthermore, PPP1R3G positively regulated matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9), which was downregulated in placental tissues of pregnant women with PE. These results provided the first evidence that the reduced levels of PPP1R3G might contribute to PE by suppressing the invasion and migration of trophoblasts and targeting the Akt/MMP-9 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Shi
- Department of Obstetrics, Xuzhou Cancer Hospital, Xuzhou 221005, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Renyu Kong
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Xu Miao
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Lingshan Gou
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, 46 Heping Road, Xuzhou 221009, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xin Yin
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, 46 Heping Road, Xuzhou 221009, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yuning Ding
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Xiliang Cao
- Department of Urology, Xuzhou No. 1 People’s Hospital, the Affiliated Xuzhou Municipal Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qingyong Meng
- Department of Obstetrics, Xuzhou Maternal and Child Health Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221009, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Maosheng Gu
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, 46 Heping Road, Xuzhou 221009, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Feng Suo
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, 46 Heping Road, Xuzhou 221009, Jiangsu Province, China
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Yang J, Guo X, Li T, Xie Y, Wang D, Yi L, Mi M. Sulforaphane Inhibits Exhaustive Exercise-Induced Liver Injury and Transcriptome-Based Mechanism Analysis. Nutrients 2023; 15:3220. [PMID: 37513640 PMCID: PMC10386178 DOI: 10.3390/nu15143220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Exhaustive exercise (EE) induces liver injury and has recently gained much attention. Sulforaphane (SFN) can protect the liver from inflammation and oxidative stress. However, the effects of SFN on EE-induced liver injury and its underlying mechanisms are still unclear. C57BL/6J mice swimming to exhaustion for seven days were used to simulate the liver injury caused by EE. Different doses of SFN (10, 30, 90 mg/kg body weight) were gavage-fed one week before and during the exercise. SFN intervention significantly reduced the EE-induced lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in the serum, as well as attenuating liver tissue morphological abnormality, oxidative stress injury, and inflammation. Liver transcriptomic analysis showed that the differentially expressed genes altered by SFN intervention in the exercise model were mainly enriched in glucose and lipid metabolism pathways. The most altered gene by SFN intervention screened by RNA-seq and validated by qRT-PCR is Ppp1r3g, a gene involved in regulating hepatic glycogenesis, which may play a vital role in the protective effects of SFN in EE-induced liver damage. SFN can protect the liver from EE-induced damage, and glucose and lipid metabolism may be involved in the mechanism of the protective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Mantian Mi
- Research Center for Nutrition and Food Safety, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Safety, Institute of Military Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
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Mathur M, Yeh YT, Arya RK, Jiang L, Pornour M, Chen W, Ma Y, Gao B, He L, Ying Z, Xue B, Shi H, Choi Y, Yu L. Adipose lipolysis is important for ethanol to induce fatty liver in the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism murine model of chronic and binge ethanol feeding. Hepatology 2023; 77:1688-1701. [PMID: 35844150 PMCID: PMC9845426 DOI: 10.1002/hep.32675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) pathologies include steatosis, inflammation, and injury, which may progress to fibrosis, cirrhosis, and cancer. The liver receives ~60% of fatty acids from adipose tissue triglyceride hydrolysis, but the role of this lipolytic pathway in ALD development has not been directly examined in any genetic animal models with selective inactivation of adipose lipolysis. APPROACH AND RESULTS Using adipose-specific comparative gene identification-58 (CGI-58) knockout (FAT-KO) mice, a model of impaired adipose lipolysis, we show that mice deficient in adipose lipolysis are almost completely protected against ethanol-induced hepatic steatosis and lipid peroxidation when subjected to the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism chronic and binge ethanol feeding model. This is unlikely due to reduced lipid synthesis because this regimen of ethanol feeding down-regulated hepatic expression of lipogenic genes similarly in both genotypes. In the pair-fed group, FAT-KO relative to control mice displayed increased hepatocyte injury, neutrophil infiltration, and activation of the transcription factor signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) in the liver; and none of these were exacerbated by ethanol feeding. Activation of STAT3 is associated with a marked increase in hepatic leptin receptor mRNA expression and adipose inflammatory cell infiltration. CONCLUSIONS Our findings establish a critical role of adipose lipolysis in driving hepatic steatosis and oxidative stress during ALD development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mallika Mathur
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Yu-Te Yeh
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Rakesh K. Arya
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Long Jiang
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Majid Pornour
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Weiping Chen
- Genomics Core, National Institute of Diabetes & Digestive & Kidney Disease, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yinyan Ma
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Bin Gao
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, MD20892, USA
| | - Ling He
- Division of Neonatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Zhekang Ying
- Department of Medicine Cardiology Division, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21021, USA
| | - Bingzhong Xue
- Department of Biology, Center for Obesity Reversal, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Hang Shi
- Department of Biology, Center for Obesity Reversal, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Youngshim Choi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Liqing Yu
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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Zhong R, Zhu Y, Zhang H, Huo Y, Huang Y, Cheng W, Liang P. Integrated lipidomic and transcriptomic analyses reveal the mechanism of large yellow croaker roe phospholipids on lipid metabolism in normal-diet mice. Food Funct 2022; 13:12852-12869. [PMID: 36444685 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo02736d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Large yellow croaker roe phospholipids (LYCRPLs) could regulate the accumulation of triglycerides and blood lipid levels. However, there exists little research on the mechanism of LYCRPLs on lipid metabolism in normal-diet mice. In this work, the mice on a normal diet were given low-dose, medium-dose, and high-dose LYCRPLs by intragastric administration for 6 weeks. At the same time, the physiological and biochemical indicators of the mice were determined, and the histomorphological observation of the liver and epididymal fat was carried out. In addition, we examined the gene expression and lipid metabolites in the liver of mice using transcriptomic and lipidomic and performed a correlation analysis. The results showed that LYCRPLs regulated the lipid metabolism of normal-diet mice by affecting the expression of the glycerolipid metabolism pathway, insulin resistance pathway, and cholesterol metabolism pathway. This study not only elucidated the main pathway by which LYCRPLs regulate lipid metabolism, but also laid a foundation for exploring LYCRPLs as functional food supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongbin Zhong
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 Fujian, China. .,Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Yujie Zhu
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 Fujian, China. .,Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Huadan Zhang
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 Fujian, China. .,Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Yuming Huo
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 Fujian, China. .,Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Ying Huang
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 Fujian, China. .,Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Wenjian Cheng
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 Fujian, China. .,Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Peng Liang
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 Fujian, China. .,Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
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Liu Q, Wang Z, Tang J, Mou J, Ma Z, Deng B, Liu Z, Wang L. Comparative transcriptome analysis of diurnal alterations of liver glycogen structure: A pilot study. Carbohydr Polym 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Zhou Y, Zhou C, Wei L, Han C, Cao Y, Busardò F. The ceRNA Crosstalk between mRNAs and lncRNAs in Diabetes Myocardial Infarction. Disease Markers 2022; 2022:1-12. [PMID: 35592708 PMCID: PMC9112177 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4283534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Competitive endogenous RNA regulation suggests an intricate network of all transcriptional RNAs that have the function of repressing miRNA function and regulating mRNA expression. Today, the specific ceRNA regulatory mechanisms of lncRNA–miRNA–mRNA in patients who have diabetes mellitus (DM) and myocardial infarction (MI) are still unknown. Two data sets, GSE34198 and GSE112690, were rooted in the Gene Expression Omnibus database to search for changes of lncRNA, miRNA, and mRNA in MI patients with diabetes. Weighted gene correlation network analysis (WGCNA) was used to identify the modules related to the development of diabetes in patients with MI. Target genes of miRNAs were predicted using miRWalk, TargetScan, mirDB, RNA22, and miRanda. Then, functional and enrichment analyses were performed to build the lncRNA–miRNA–mRNA interaction network. We built ceRNA regulatory networks with three lncRNAs, two miRNAs, and nine mRNAs. Differentially expressed genes enriched in biological process, including neutrophil activation, refer to immune response and positive system of defense feedback. Besides, there is significant enrichment in molecular function of calcium toll−like receptor binding, icosanoid binding, RAGE receptor binding, and arachidonic acid binding. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis enriched differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in pathways that were well known in MI, indicating inflammation and immune response. Pathways associated with diabetes were also significantly enriched. We confirmed significantly altered lncRNA, miRNA, and mRNA in MI patients with diabetes, which might serve as biomarkers for the progress and development of diabetic cardiovascular diseases. We constructed a ceRNA regulatory network of lncRNA–miRNA–mRNA, which will enable us to understand the novel molecular mechanisms included in the initiation, progression, and interaction between DM and MI, laying the foundation for clinical diagnosis and treatment.
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Du J, Xiang Y, Liu H, Liu S, Kumar A, Xing C, Wang Z. RIPK1 dephosphorylation and kinase activation by PPP1R3G/PP1γ promote apoptosis and necroptosis. Nat Commun 2021; 12:7067. [PMID: 34862394 PMCID: PMC8642546 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27367-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) is a key regulator of inflammation and cell death. Many sites on RIPK1, including serine 25, are phosphorylated to inhibit its kinase activity and cell death. How these inhibitory phosphorylation sites are dephosphorylated is poorly understood. Using a sensitized CRISPR whole-genome knockout screen, we discover that protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 3G (PPP1R3G) is required for RIPK1-dependent apoptosis and type I necroptosis. Mechanistically, PPP1R3G recruits its catalytic subunit protein phosphatase 1 gamma (PP1γ) to complex I to remove inhibitory phosphorylations of RIPK1. A PPP1R3G mutant which does not bind PP1γ fails to rescue RIPK1 activation and cell death. Furthermore, chemical prevention of RIPK1 inhibitory phosphorylations or mutation of serine 25 of RIPK1 to alanine largely restores cell death in PPP1R3G-knockout cells. Finally, Ppp1r3g-/- mice are protected from tumor necrosis factor-induced systemic inflammatory response syndrome, confirming the important role of PPP1R3G in regulating apoptosis and necroptosis in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingchun Du
- grid.267313.20000 0000 9482 7121Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390 USA ,grid.410737.60000 0000 8653 1072Department of Clinical Immunology, Kingmed School of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510182 China
| | - Yougui Xiang
- grid.267313.20000 0000 9482 7121Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390 USA ,grid.492659.50000 0004 0492 4462Caris Life Sciences, 4610 South 44th Place, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA
| | - Hua Liu
- grid.267313.20000 0000 9482 7121Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390 USA ,School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006 China
| | - Shuzhen Liu
- grid.267313.20000 0000 9482 7121Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390 USA
| | - Ashwani Kumar
- grid.267313.20000 0000 9482 7121Eugene McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390 USA
| | - Chao Xing
- grid.267313.20000 0000 9482 7121Eugene McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390 USA ,grid.267313.20000 0000 9482 7121Department of Bioinformatics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390 USA ,grid.267313.20000 0000 9482 7121Department of Population and Data Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390 USA
| | - Zhigao Wang
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA. .,Center for Regenerative Medicine, Heart Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida, 560 Channelside Drive, Tampa, FL, 33602, USA.
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10
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Præstholm SM, Correia CM, Goitea VE, Siersbæk MS, Jørgensen M, Havelund JF, Pedersen TÅ, Færgeman NJ, Grøntved L. Impaired glucocorticoid receptor expression in liver disrupts feeding-induced gene expression, glucose uptake, and glycogen storage. Cell Rep 2021; 37:109938. [PMID: 34731602 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The transition from a fasted to a fed state is associated with extensive transcriptional remodeling in hepatocytes facilitated by hormonal- and nutritional-regulated transcription factors. Here, we use a liver-specific glucocorticoid receptor (GR) knockout (L-GRKO) model to investigate the temporal hepatic expression of GR target genes in response to feeding. Interestingly, in addition to the well-described fasting-regulated genes, we identify a subset of hepatic feeding-induced genes that requires GR for full expression. This includes Gck, which is important for hepatic glucose uptake, utilization, and storage. We show that insulin and glucocorticoids cooperatively regulate hepatic Gck expression in a direct GR-dependent manner by a 4.6 kb upstream GR binding site operating as a Gck enhancer. L-GRKO blunts preprandial and early postprandial Gck expression, which ultimately affects early postprandial hepatic glucose uptake, phosphorylation, and glycogen storage. Thus, GR is positively involved in feeding-induced gene expression and important for postprandial glucose metabolism in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stine M Præstholm
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Catarina M Correia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Victor E Goitea
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Majken S Siersbæk
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Mathilde Jørgensen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Jesper F Havelund
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | | | - Nils J Færgeman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Lars Grøntved
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark.
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11
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Zhuo X, Chen L, Lai Z, Liu J, Li S, Hu A, Lin Y. Protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 3G (PPP1R3G) correlates with poor prognosis and immune infiltration in lung adenocarcinoma. Bioengineered 2021; 12:8336-8346. [PMID: 34592886 PMCID: PMC8806970 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1985817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 3 G (PPP1R3G) participates in many tumor biological processes; however, its effects on lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) have not been clarified. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the correlation between PPP1R3G and the prognosis and immune invasion of LUAD. We evaluated the relationship between PPP1R3G and LUAD using a wide range of databases and analysis tools, including UALCAN, TIMER, miRDB, The Human Protein Atlas and the MethSurv database. First, we explored the mRNA and protein expression levels of PPP1R3G in LUAD, and results were validated using real-time PCR. Next, we explored the relationship between PPP1R3G expression and clinical features. Finally, Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox regression were employed to investigate the prognostic significance of PPP1R3G in LUAD. In addition, we explored the relationship between the expression of PPP1R3G and immune infiltration using the TIMER database. We analyzed the relationship between PPP1R3G and methylation using MethSurv database. Results showed that PPP1R3G expression in LUAD tissues was higher than that in normal tissues, and high expression was suggestive of a poor prognosis. Moreover, PPP1R3G expression was positively correlated with the immune infiltration of CD4 + T cells, macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells. PPP1R3G copy number variations also demonstrated remarkable associations with the levels of B cells, CD4 + T cells, macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells. Finally, a PPP1R3G-associated regulatory network was constructed. Overall, PPP1R3G might be a poor prognostic biomarker for LUAD and is associated with tumor immune cell infiltration. Abbreviations: LUAD: Lung adenocarcinoma; PPP1R3G: The protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 3G; OS: overall survival; CI: confidence interval; CNV: copy number variance; HR: Hazard Ratio; ROC: receiver operating characteristic curve; AUC: area under the curve; TCGA: The Cancer Genome Atlas
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingli Zhuo
- Department of emergency and critical care medicine, The Affiliated Suzhou Science&Technology Town Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lan Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Zongwei Lai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Jiansheng Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Ganzhou, China
| | - Shengjun Li
- Department of emergency and critical care medicine, The Affiliated Suzhou Science&Technology Town Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ahu Hu
- Department of emergency and critical care medicine, The Affiliated Suzhou Science&Technology Town Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yuansheng Lin
- Department of emergency and critical care medicine, The Affiliated Suzhou Science&Technology Town Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
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12
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Hu X, Wang B, Feng H, Zhou M, Lin Y, Cao H. Protein Phosphatase PP1 Negatively Regulates IRF3 in Response to GCRV Infection in Grass Carp ( Ctenopharyngodon idella). Front Immunol 2021; 11:609890. [PMID: 33584687 PMCID: PMC7873974 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.609890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein phosphatase-1 (PP1) has an important role in many cell functions, such as cell differentiation, development, immune response and tumorigenesis. However, the specific role of PP1 in the antiviral response in fish remains to be elucidated. In this study, the PPP1R3G homolog was identified in the grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) and its role in defence against the GCRV infection was investigated. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that CiPPP1R3G clustered with homologues from other teleosts. Temporal expression analysis in vivo revealed that the expression level of CiPPP1R3G was significantly up-regulated in response to GCRV infection in grass carps, especially in the intestine and head-kidney. Cellular distribution analysis revealed that CiPPP1R3G was located in the nucleus and cytoplasm. Overexpression of CiPPP1R3G significantly negatively regulated the expression of CiIRF3, thus inhibiting its activation. In summary, we systematically analyzed the PPP1R3G gene in grass carp and illustrated its function as a negative regulator in the anti-GCRV immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Hu
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haohao Feng
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Man Zhou
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yusheng Lin
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Cao
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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13
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Li Q, Zhao Q, Zhang J, Zhou L, Zhang W, Chua B, Chen Y, Xu L, Li P. The Protein Phosphatase 1 Complex Is a Direct Target of AKT that Links Insulin Signaling to Hepatic Glycogen Deposition. Cell Rep 2019; 28:3406-3422.e7. [PMID: 31553910 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.08.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Revised: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin-stimulated hepatic glycogen synthesis is central to glucose homeostasis. Here, we show that PPP1R3G, a regulatory subunit of protein phosphatase 1 (PP1), is directly phosphorylated by AKT. PPP1R3G phosphorylation fluctuates with fasting-refeeding cycle and is required for insulin-stimulated dephosphorylation, i.e., activation of glycogen synthase (GS) in hepatocytes. In this study, we demonstrate that knockdown of PPP1R3G significantly inhibits insulin response. The introduction of wild-type PPP1R3G, and not phosphorylation-defective mutants, increases hepatic glycogen deposition, blood glucose clearance, and insulin sensitivity in vivo. Mechanistically, phosphorylated PPP1R3G displays increased binding for, and promotes dephosphorylation of, phospho-GS. Furthermore, PPP1R3B, another regulatory subunit of PP1, binds to the dephosphorylated GS, thereby relaying insulin stimulation to hepatic glycogen deposition. Importantly, this PP1-mediated signaling cascade is independent of GSK3. Therefore, we reveal a regulatory axis consisting of insulin/AKT/PPP1R3G/PPP1R3B that operates in parallel to the GSK3-dependent pathway, controlling glycogen synthesis and glucose homeostasis in insulin signaling.
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14
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Casamayor A, Ariño J. Controlling Ser/Thr protein phosphatase PP1 activity and function through interaction with regulatory subunits. Adv Protein Chem Struct Biol 2020; 122:231-288. [PMID: 32951813 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2020.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Protein phosphatase 1 is a major Ser/Thr protein phosphatase activity in eukaryotic cells. It is composed of a catalytic polypeptide (PP1C), with little substrate specificity, that interacts with a large variety of proteins of diverse structure (regulatory subunits). The diversity of holoenzymes that can be formed explain the multiplicity of cellular functions under the control of this phosphatase. In quite a few cases, regulatory subunits have an inhibitory role, downregulating the activity of the phosphatase. In this chapter we shall introduce PP1C and review the most relevant families of PP1C regulatory subunits, with particular emphasis in describing the structural basis for their interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Casamayor
- Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina & Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola, del Vallès, Spain
| | - Joaquín Ariño
- Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina & Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola, del Vallès, Spain
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15
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Ali FEM, Hassanein EHM, Bakr AG, El-Shoura EAM, El-Gamal DA, Mahmoud AR, Abd-Elhamid TH. Ursodeoxycholic acid abrogates gentamicin-induced hepatotoxicity in rats: Role of NF-κB-p65/TNF-α, Bax/Bcl-xl/Caspase-3, and eNOS/iNOS pathways. Life Sci 2020; 254:117760. [PMID: 32418889 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIM The present study focused on the possible underlying protective mechanisms of UDCA against GNT-induced hepatic injury. METHODS For achieving this goal, adult male rats were allocated into 4 groups: normal control (received vehicle), GNT (100 mg/kg, i.p. for 8 days), UDCA (60 mg/kg, P.O. for 15 days), and GNT + UDCA (received UDCA for 15 days and GNT started from the 7th day and lasted for 8 days). RESULTS The results revealed that UDCA significantly improved GNT-induced hepatic injury, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and inflammatory response. Interestingly, UDCA inhibited apoptosis by marked down-regulation of the Bax gene, Caspase-3, and cleaved Caspase-3 protein expressions while the level of Bcl-xL gene significantly increased. Moreover, UDCA strongly inhibited the inflammatory response through the down-regulation of both NF-κB-p65 and TNF-α accompanied by IL-10 elevation. Furthermore, the obtained results ended with the restored of mitochondria function that confirmed by electron microscopy. Histological analysis showed that UDCA remarkably ameliorated the histopathological changes induced by GNT. SIGNIFICANCE UDCA may be a promising agent that can be used to prevent hepatotoxicity observed in GNT treatment. This effect could be attributed to, at least in part, the ability of UDCA to modulate NF-κB-p65/TNF-α, Bax/Bcl-xl/Caspase-3, and eNOS/iNOS signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fares E M Ali
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut 71524, Egypt.
| | - Emad H M Hassanein
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut 71524, Egypt
| | - Adel G Bakr
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut 71524, Egypt
| | - Ehab A M El-Shoura
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut 71524, Egypt
| | - Dalia A El-Gamal
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Amany R Mahmoud
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt; Department of Anatomy, Unaizah College of Medicine, Qassim University, Unaizah Al Qassim Region, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tarek Hamdy Abd-Elhamid
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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16
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Genovese I, Carotti A, Ilari A, Fiorillo A, Battista T, Colotti G, Ivarsson Y. Profiling calcium-dependent interactions between Sorcin and intrinsically disordered regions of human proteome. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2020; 1864:129618. [PMID: 32305337 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2020.129618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sorcin is a calcium sensor that exerts many calcium-related functions in the cells, e.g. it regulates calcium concentration in the cytoplasm, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria, by interacting with calcium pumps, exchangers and channels. Albeit Sorcin is an interesting potential cancer target, little is known about its interactors upon calcium-mediated activation. Our previous study suggested that Sorcin may recognize short linear binding motifs as the crystal structure revealed a self-interaction with a GYYPGG stretch in its N-terminus, and combinatorial peptide-phage display provided support for peptide-mediated interactions. METHODS In this study we screened for motif-based interactions between Sorcin and intrinsically disordered regions of the human proteome using proteomic peptide phage display (ProP-PD). We identified a peptide belonging to protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 3G (PPP1R3G) as a potential novel interactor and confirm the interaction through biophysical and cell-based approaches, and provide structural information through molecular dynamics simulations. RESULTS Altogether, we identify a preferred motif in the enriched pool of binders and a peptide belonging to protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 3G (PPP1R3G) as a preferred ligand. CONCLUSION Through this study we gain information on a new Sorcin binding partner and profile Sorcin's motif-based interaction. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The interaction between Sorcin and PPP1R3G may suggest a close dependence between glucose homeostasis and calcium concentration in the different cell compartments, opening a completely new and interesting scenery yet to be fully disclosed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Genovese
- Department of Medical Sciences, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, via Fossato di Mortara 70, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; Department of Biochemical Sciences, University Sapienza, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; Department of Chemistry - BMC, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Andrea Carotti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via Fabretti 48, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Andrea Ilari
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology National Research Council, IBPM-CNR, c/o Department of Biochemical Sciences, University Sapienza, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Annarita Fiorillo
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, University Sapienza, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Theo Battista
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, University Sapienza, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Gianni Colotti
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology National Research Council, IBPM-CNR, c/o Department of Biochemical Sciences, University Sapienza, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Ylva Ivarsson
- Department of Chemistry - BMC, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
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Treindl F, Zabinsky E, Kling S, Schwarz M, Braeuning A, Templin MF. Array-based Western-blotting reveals spatial differences in hepatic signaling and metabolism following CAR activation. Arch Toxicol 2020; 94:1265-1278. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02680-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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18
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Bartman CM, Eckle T. Circadian-Hypoxia Link and its Potential for Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:1075-1090. [PMID: 31096895 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190516081612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Throughout the evolutionary time, all organisms and species on Earth evolved with an adaptation to consistent oscillations of sunlight and darkness, now recognized as 'circadian rhythm.' Single-cellular to multisystem organisms use circadian biology to synchronize to the external environment and provide predictive adaptation to changes in cellular homeostasis. Dysregulation of circadian biology has been implicated in numerous prevalent human diseases, and subsequently targeting the circadian machinery may provide innovative preventative or treatment strategies. Discovery of 'peripheral circadian clocks' unleashed widespread investigations into the potential roles of clock biology in cellular, tissue, and organ function in healthy and diseased states. Particularly, oxygen-sensing pathways (e.g. hypoxia inducible factor, HIF1), are critical for adaptation to changes in oxygen availability in diseases such as myocardial ischemia. Recent investigations have identified a connection between the circadian rhythm protein Period 2 (PER2) and HIF1A that may elucidate an evolutionarily conserved cellular network that can be targeted to manipulate metabolic function in stressed conditions like hypoxia or ischemia. Understanding the link between circadian and hypoxia pathways may provide insights and subsequent innovative therapeutic strategies for patients with myocardial ischemia. This review addresses our current understanding of the connection between light-sensing pathways (PER2), and oxygen-sensing pathways (HIF1A), in the context of myocardial ischemia and lays the groundwork for future studies to take advantage of these two evolutionarily conserved pathways in the treatment of myocardial ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen Marie Bartman
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, Graduate Training Program in Cell Biology, Stem Cells, and Development, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Tobias Eckle
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, Graduate Training Program in Cell Biology, Stem Cells, and Development, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
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Liu J, Xu C, Zhang S, Li H, Chen K, Huang P, Guo Z, Xu L. Microcystin-LR disrupts insulin signaling by hyperphosphorylating insulin receptor substrate 1 and glycogen synthase. Environ Toxicol 2018; 33:16-22. [PMID: 28984034 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) is a cyanobacteria-derived heptapeptide that has been commonly characterized as a hepatotoxin. Although the liver is a primary organ in glucose homeostasis, the effect of MC-LR on glucose metabolism remains unclear. In this study, the human liver cell line HL7702 and ICR mice were exposed to various concentrations of MC-LR for 24 h, and the proteins involved in insulin signaling were investigated. The results showed that MC-LR treatment induced the hyperphosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) at several serine sites, S307, S323, S636/639, and S1101 in HL7702 cells, and S302, S318, S632/635, and S1097 in mice livers. In addition, the activation of S6K1 was demonstrated to play an important role in MC-LR-induced IRS1 hyperphosphorylation at several serine sites. Decreased levels of total IRS1 were observed in the mice livers, but there was no significant change in HL7702 cells. MC-LR also induced glycogen synthase (GS) hyperphosphorylation at S641 (inactivating GS) both in vitro and in vivo, even glycogen synthase kinase 3, a well-known GS kinase, was inactivated after MC-LR treatment. Moreover, MC-LR could block insulin-induced GS activation. In addition, glucose transport in liver cells was not impacted by MC-LR either with or without insulin stimulation. Our study implies that MC-LR can interfere with the actions of IRS1 and GS in insulin signaling and may have a toxic effect on glucose metabolism in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghui Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Chun Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, General Hospital of the Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Shaofeng Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, General Hospital of the Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Haoyan Li
- Department of Endocrinology, General Hospital of the Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Kele Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Pu Huang
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Zonglou Guo
- Department of Biosystem Engineering, College of Biosystem Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Lihong Xu
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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Maguire M, Larsen MC, Foong YH, Tanumihardjo S, Jefcoate CR. Cyp1b1 deletion and retinol deficiency coordinately suppress mouse liver lipogenic genes and hepcidin expression during post-natal development. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 454:50-68. [PMID: 28583802 PMCID: PMC5985816 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Cyp1b1 deletion and gestational vitamin A deficiency (GVAD) redirect adult liver gene expression. A matched sufficient pre- and post-natal diet, which has high carbohydrate and normal iron content (LF12), increased inflammatory gene expression markers in adult livers that were suppressed by GVAD and Cyp1b1 deletion. At birth on the LF12 diet, Cyp1b1 deletion and GVAD each suppress liver expression of the iron suppressor, hepcidin (Hepc), while increasing stellate cell activation markers and suppressing post-natal increases in lipogenesis. Hepc was less suppressed in Cyp1b1-/- pups with a standard breeder diet, but was restored by iron supplementation of the LF12 diet. CONCLUSIONS The LF12 diet delivered low post-natal iron and attenuated Hepc. Hepc decreases in Cyp1b1-/- and GVAD mice resulted in stellate activation and lipogenesis suppression. Endothelial BMP6, a Hepc stimulant, is a potential coordinator and Cyp1b1 target. These neonatal changes in Cyp1b1-/- mice link to diminished adult obesity and liver inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan Maguire
- Endocrinology and Reproductive Physiology Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, United States; Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, United States
| | - Michele Campaigne Larsen
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, United States
| | - Yee Hoon Foong
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, United States
| | - Sherry Tanumihardjo
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, United States
| | - Colin R Jefcoate
- Endocrinology and Reproductive Physiology Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, United States; Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, United States.
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21
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Maguire M, Bushkofsky JR, Larsen MC, Foong YH, Tanumihardjo SA, Jefcoate CR. Diet-dependent retinoid effects on liver gene expression include stellate and inflammation markers and parallel effects of the nuclear repressor Shp. J Nutr Biochem 2017; 47:63-74. [PMID: 28570941 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2017.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
For mice, a maternal vitamin A (VA)-deficient diet initiated from midgestation (GVAD) produces serum retinol deficiency in mature offspring. We hypothesize that the effects of GVAD arise from preweaning developmental changes. We compare the effect of this GVAD protocol in combination with a postweaning high-fat diet (HFD) or high-carbohydrate diet (LF12). Each is compared to an equivalent VA-sufficient combination. GVAD extensively decreased serum retinol and liver retinol, retinyl esters, and retinoid homeostasis genes (Lrat, Cyp26b1 and Cyp26a1). These suppressions were each more effective with LF12 than with HFD. Postweaning initiation of VA deficiency with LF12 depleted liver retinoids, but serum retinol was unaffected. Liver retinoid depletion, therefore, precedes serum attenuation. Maternal LF12 decreased the obesity response to the HFD, which was further decreased by GVAD. LF12 fed to the mother and offspring extensively stimulated genes marking stellate activation (Col1a1, Timp2 and Cyp1b1) and novel inflammation markers (Ly6d, Trem2 and Nupr1). The GVAD with LF12 diet combination suppressed these responses. GVAD in combination with the HFD increased these same clusters. A further set of expression differences on the HFD when compared to a high-carbohydrate diet was prevented when GVAD was combined with HFD. Most of these GVAD gene changes match published effects from deletion of Nr0b2/Shp, a retinoid-responsive, nuclear co-repressor that modulates metabolic homeostasis. The stellate and inflammatory increases seen with the high-carbohydrate LF12 diet may represent postprandial responses. They depend on retinol and Shp, but the regulation reverses with an HFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan Maguire
- Endocrinology and Reproductive Physiology Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705; Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705
| | - Justin R Bushkofsky
- Endocrinology and Reproductive Physiology Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705
| | | | - Yee Hoon Foong
- Endocrinology and Reproductive Physiology Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705
| | - Sherry A Tanumihardjo
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705
| | - Colin R Jefcoate
- Endocrinology and Reproductive Physiology Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705; Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705.
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22
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Zhang Y, Gu J, Wang L, Zhao Z, Pan Y, Chen Y. Ablation of PPP1R3G reduces glycogen deposition and mitigates high-fat diet induced obesity. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 439:133-140. [PMID: 27815211 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Glycogen and triglyceride are two major forms of energy storage in the body and provide the fuel during different phases of food deprivation. However, how glycogen metabolism is linked to fat deposition in adipose tissue has not been clearly characterized. We generated a mouse model with whole-body deletion of PPP1R3G, a glycogen-targeting subunit of protein phosphatase-1 required for glycogen synthesis. Upon feeding with high-fat diet, the body weight and fat composition are significantly reduced in the PPP1R3G-/- mice compared to the wild type controls. The metabolic rate of the mice as measured by O2 consumption and CO2 production is accelerated by PPP1R3G deletion. The high-fat diet-induced liver steatosis is also slightly relieved by PPP1R3G deletion. The glycogen level in adipose tissue is reduced by PPP1R3G deletion. In 3T3L1 cells, overexpression of PPP1R3G leads to increases of both glycogen and triglyceride levels. In conclusion, our study indicates that glycogen is actively involved in fat accumulation in adipose tissue and obesity development upon high-fat diet. Our study also suggests that PPP1R3G is an important player that links glycogen metabolism to lipid metabolism in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxian Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Jin Gu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Lin Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Zilong Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yi Pan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yan Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
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Esposito EA, Jones MJ, Doom JR, MacIsaac JL, Gunnar MR, Kobor MS. Differential DNA methylation in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in adolescents exposed to significant early but not later childhood adversity. Dev Psychopathol 2016; 28:1385-1399. [PMID: 26847422 PMCID: PMC5903568 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579416000055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Internationally adopted adolescents who are adopted as young children from conditions of poverty and deprivation have poorer physical and mental health outcomes than do adolescents conceived, born, and raised in the United States by families similar to those who adopt internationally. Using a sample of Russian and Eastern European adoptees to control for Caucasian race and US birth, and nonadopted offspring of well-educated and well-resourced parents to control for postadoption conditions, we hypothesized that the important differences in environments, conception to adoption, might be reflected in epigenetic patterns between groups, specifically in DNA methylation. Thus, we conducted an epigenome-wide association study to compare DNA methylation profiles at approximately 416,000 individual CpG loci from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 50 adopted youth and 33 nonadopted youth. Adopted youth averaged 22 months at adoption, and both groups averaged 15 years at testing; thus, roughly 80% of their lives were lived in similar circumstances. Although concurrent physical health did not differ, cell-type composition predicted using the DNA methylation data revealed a striking difference in the white blood cell-type composition of the adopted and nonadopted youth. After correcting for cell type and removing invariant probes, 30 CpG sites in 19 genes were more methylated in the adopted group. We also used an exploratory functional analysis that revealed that 223 gene ontology terms, clustered in neural and developmental categories, were significantly enriched between groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa A. Esposito
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, 51 East River Parkway, Minneapolis, MN 55455
- Widener University, One University Place, Chester, PA 19013
| | - Meaghan J. Jones
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Child and Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, 950 West 28 Avenue, Vancouver, V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Jenalee R. Doom
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, 51 East River Parkway, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Julia L MacIsaac
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Child and Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, 950 West 28 Avenue, Vancouver, V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Megan R. Gunnar
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, 51 East River Parkway, Minneapolis, MN 55455
- Child and Brain Development Program, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Canada
| | - Michael S. Kobor
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Child and Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, 950 West 28 Avenue, Vancouver, V5Z 4H4, Canada
- Child and Brain Development Program, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Canada
- Human Early Learning Partnership, School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia
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24
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Kieffer DA, Piccolo BD, Marco ML, Kim EB, Goodson ML, Keenan MJ, Dunn TN, Knudsen KEB, Adams SH, Martin RJ. Obese Mice Fed a Diet Supplemented with Enzyme-Treated Wheat Bran Display Marked Shifts in the Liver Metabolome Concurrent with Altered Gut Bacteria. J Nutr 2016; 146:2445-2460. [PMID: 27798344 DOI: 10.3945/jn.116.238923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enzyme-treated wheat bran (ETWB) contains a fermentable dietary fiber previously shown to decrease liver triglycerides (TGs) and modify the gut microbiome in mice. It is not clear which mechanisms explain how ETWB feeding affects hepatic metabolism, but factors (i.e., xenometabolites) associated with specific microbes may be involved. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to characterize ETWB-driven shifts in the cecal microbiome and to identify correlates between microbial changes and diet-related differences in liver metabolism in diet-induced obese mice that typically display steatosis. METHODS Five-week-old male C57BL/6J mice fed a 45%-lard-based fat diet supplemented with ETWB (20% wt:wt) or rapidly digestible starch (control) (n = 15/group) for 10 wk were characterized by using a multi-omics approach. Multivariate statistical analysis was used to identify variables that were strong discriminators between the ETWB and control groups. RESULTS Body weight and liver TGs were decreased by ETWB feeding (by 10% and 25%, respectively; P < 0.001), and an index of liver reactive oxygen species was increased (by 29%; P < 0.01). The cecal microbiome showed an increase in Bacteroidetes (by 42%; P < 0.05) and a decrease in Firmicutes (by 16%; P < 0.05). Metabolites that were strong discriminators between the ETWB and control groups included decreased liver antioxidants (glutathione and α-tocopherol); decreased liver carbohydrate metabolites, including glucose; lower hepatic arachidonic acid; and increased liver and plasma β-hydroxybutyrate. Liver transcriptomics revealed key metabolic pathways affected by ETWB, especially those related to lipid metabolism and some fed- or fasting-regulated genes. CONCLUSIONS Together, these changes indicate that dietary fibers such as ETWB regulate hepatic metabolism concurrently with specific gut bacteria community shifts in C57BL/6J mice. It is proposed that these changes may elicit gut-derived signals that reach the liver via enterohepatic circulation, ultimately affecting host liver metabolism in a manner that mimics, in part, the fasting state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothy A Kieffer
- Graduate Group in Nutritional Biology and.,Department of Nutrition.,Obesity and Metabolism Research Unit, USDA-Agricultural Research Service Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA
| | - Brian D Piccolo
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center and.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR
| | | | - Eun Bae Kim
- Food Science and Technology Department, and.,Department of Animal Life Science, College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Tamara N Dunn
- Graduate Group in Nutritional Biology and.,Department of Nutrition.,Obesity and Metabolism Research Unit, USDA-Agricultural Research Service Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA
| | | | - Sean H Adams
- Graduate Group in Nutritional Biology and .,Department of Nutrition.,Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center and.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR
| | - Roy J Martin
- Graduate Group in Nutritional Biology and .,Department of Nutrition.,Obesity and Metabolism Research Unit, USDA-Agricultural Research Service Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA
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25
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Garbacz WG, Lu P, Miller TM, Poloyac SM, Eyre NS, Mayrhofer G, Xu M, Ren S, Xie W. Hepatic Overexpression of CD36 Improves Glycogen Homeostasis and Attenuates High-Fat Diet-Induced Hepatic Steatosis and Insulin Resistance. Mol Cell Biol 2016; 36:2715-27. [PMID: 27528620 DOI: 10.1128/MCB.00138-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The common complications in obesity and type 2 diabetes include hepatic steatosis and disruption of glucose-glycogen homeostasis, leading to hyperglycemia. Fatty acid translocase (FAT/CD36), whose expression is inducible in obesity, is known for its function in fatty acid uptake. Previous work by us and others suggested that CD36 plays an important role in hepatic lipid homeostasis, but the results have been conflicting and the mechanisms were not well understood. In this study, by using CD36-overexpressing transgenic (CD36Tg) mice, we uncovered a surprising function of CD36 in regulating glycogen homeostasis. Overexpression of CD36 promoted glycogen synthesis, and as a result, CD36Tg mice were protected from fasting hypoglycemia. When challenged with a high-fat diet (HFD), CD36Tg mice showed unexpected attenuation of hepatic steatosis, increased very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) secretion, and improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. The HFD-fed CD36Tg mice also showed decreased levels of proinflammatory hepatic prostaglandins and 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE), a potent vasoconstrictive and proinflammatory arachidonic acid metabolite. We propose that CD36 functions as a protective metabolic sensor in the liver under lipid overload and metabolic stress. CD36 may be explored as a valuable therapeutic target for the management of metabolic syndrome.
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Bhattacharya K, Pontin J, Thompson S. Dietary Management of the Ketogenic Glycogen Storage Diseases. Journal of Inborn Errors of Metabolism and Screening 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/2326409816661359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kaustuv Bhattacharya
- Genetic Metabolic Disorders Service, The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jennifer Pontin
- Genetic Metabolic Disorders Service, The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sue Thompson
- Genetic Metabolic Disorders Service, The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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27
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Konczal M, Koteja P, Orlowska-Feuer P, Radwan J, Sadowska ET, Babik W. Genomic Response to Selection for Predatory Behavior in a Mammalian Model of Adaptive Radiation. Mol Biol Evol 2016; 33:2429-40. [PMID: 27401229 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msw121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
If genetic architectures of various quantitative traits are similar, as studies on model organisms suggest, comparable selection pressures should produce similar molecular patterns for various traits. To test this prediction, we used a laboratory model of vertebrate adaptive radiation to investigate the genetic basis of the response to selection for predatory behavior and compare it with evolution of aerobic capacity reported in an earlier work. After 13 generations of selection, the proportion of bank voles (Myodes [=Clethrionomys] glareolus) showing predatory behavior was five times higher in selected lines than in controls. We analyzed the hippocampus and liver transcriptomes and found repeatable changes in allele frequencies and gene expression. Genes with the largest differences between predatory and control lines are associated with hunger, aggression, biological rhythms, and functioning of the nervous system. Evolution of predatory behavior could be meaningfully compared with evolution of high aerobic capacity, because the experiments and analyses were performed in the same methodological framework. The number of genes that changed expression was much smaller in predatory lines, and allele frequencies changed repeatably in predatory but not in aerobic lines. This suggests that more variants of smaller effects underlie variation in aerobic performance, whereas fewer variants of larger effects underlie variation in predatory behavior. Our results thus contradict the view that comparable selection pressures for different quantitative traits produce similar molecular patterns. Therefore, to gain knowledge about molecular-level response to selection for complex traits, we need to investigate not only multiple replicate populations but also multiple quantitative traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Konczal
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paweł Koteja
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Patrycja Orlowska-Feuer
- Department of Neurophysiology and Chronobiology, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Jacek Radwan
- Faculty of Biology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Edyta T Sadowska
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Wiesław Babik
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
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Tin A, Balakrishnan P, Beaty TH, Boerwinkle E, Hoogeveen RC, Young JH, Kao WHL. GCKR and PPP1R3B identified as genome-wide significant loci for plasma lactate: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study. Diabet Med 2016; 33:968-75. [PMID: 26433129 PMCID: PMC4819009 DOI: 10.1111/dme.12971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the genetic influence of circulating lactate level, a marker of oxidative capacity associated with diabetes. METHODS We conducted a genome-wide association study of log-transformed plasma lactate levels in 6901 European-American participants in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study. For regions that achieved genome-wide significance in European-American participants, we conducted candidate region analysis in African-American subjects and tested for interaction between metformin use and the index single nucleotide polymorphisms for plasma lactate in European-American subjects. RESULTS The genome-wide association study in European-American subjects identified two genome-wide significant loci, GCKR (rs1260326, T allele β=0.08; P=1.8×10(-47) ) and PPP1R3B/LOC157273 (rs9987289, A allele β=0.06; P=1.6×10(-9) ). The index single nucleotide polymorphisms in these two loci explain 3.3% of the variance in log-transformed plasma lactate levels among the European-American subjects. In the African-American subjects, based on a region-significant threshold, the index single nucleotide polymorphism at GCKR was associated with plasma lactate but that at PPP1R3B/LOC157273 was not. Metformin use appeared to strengthen the association between the index single nucleotide polymorphism at PPP1R3B/LOC157273 and plasma lactate in European-American subjects (P for interaction=0.01). CONCLUSIONS We identified GCKR and PPP1R3B/LOC157273 as two genome-wide significant loci of plasma lactate. Both loci are associated with other diabetes-related phenotypes. These findings increase our understanding of the genetic control of lactate metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Tin
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - P Balakrishnan
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - T H Beaty
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - E Boerwinkle
- Human Genetics Center, University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, TX, USA
| | - R C Hoogeveen
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - J H Young
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - W H L Kao
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Carmean CM, Huang YH, Brady MJ. Glycogen Repletion in Brown Adipose Tissue upon Refeeding Is Primarily Driven by Phosphorylation-Independent Mechanisms. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156148. [PMID: 27213961 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycogen storage in brown adipose tissue (BAT) is generally thought to take place through passive, substrate-driven activation of glycogenesis rather than programmatic shifts favoring or opposing the storage and/or retention of glycogen. This perception exists despite a growing body of evidence suggesting that BAT glycogen storage is actively regulated by covalent modification of key glycogen-metabolic enzymes, protein turnover, and endocrine hormone signaling. Members of one such class of covalent-modification regulators, glycogen-binding Phosphoprotein Phosphatase-1 (PP1)-regulatory subunits (PPP1Rs), targeting PP1 to glycogen-metabolic enzymes, were dynamically regulated in response to 24 hr of starvation and/or 24 hr of starvation followed by ad libitum refeeding. Over-expression of the PPP1R Protein Targeting to Glycogen (PTG), under the control of the aP2 promoter in mice, inactivated glycogen phosphorylase (GP) and enhanced basal- and starvation-state glycogen storage. Total interscapular BAT glycogen synthase and the constitutive activity of GS were conditionally affected. During starvation, glucose-6-phosphate (G-6-P) levels and the relative phosphorylation of Akt (p-Ser-473-Akt) were both increased in PTG-overexpressing (Tg) mice, suggesting that elevated glycogen storage during starvation modifies broader cellular metabolic pathways. During refeeding, Tg and WT mice reaccumulated glycogen similarly despite altered GS and GP activities. All observations during refeeding suggest that the phosphorylation states of GS and GP are not physiologically rate-controlling, despite there being a clear balance of endogenous kinase- and phosphatase activities. The studies presented here reveal IBAT glycogen storage to be a tightly-regulated process at all levels, with potential effects on nutrient sensing in vivo.
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30
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Kim M, Kim DK, Cha YS. Black Adzuki Bean (Vigna angularis) Extract Protects Pancreatic β Cells and Improves Glucose Tolerance in C57BL/6J Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet. J Med Food 2016; 19:442-9. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2015.3598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mina Kim
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, and Research Institute of Human Ecology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Dae Keun Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Woosuk University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Youn-Soo Cha
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, and Research Institute of Human Ecology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
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31
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Bushkofsky JR, Maguire M, Larsen MC, Fong YH, Jefcoate CR. Cyp1b1 affects external control of mouse hepatocytes, fatty acid homeostasis and signaling involving HNF4α and PPARα. Arch Biochem Biophys 2016; 597:30-47. [PMID: 27036855 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2016.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 1b1 (Cyp1b1) is expressed in endothelia, stellate cells and pre-adipocytes, but not hepatocytes. Deletion alters liver fatty acid metabolism and prevents obesity and hepatic steatosis. This suggests a novel extra-hepatocyte regulation directed from cells that express Cyp1b1. To characterize these mechanisms, microarray gene expression was analyzed in livers of normal and congenic Cyp1b1-ko C57BL/6 J mice fed either low or high fat diets. Cyp1b1-ko gene responses indicate suppression of endogenous PPARα activity, a switch from triglyceride storage to mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation and decreased oxidative stress. Many gene responses in Cyp1b1-ko are sexually dimorphic and correspond to increased activity of growth hormone mediated by HNF4α. Male responses stimulated by GH pulses are enhanced, whereas responses that decline exhibit further suppression, including Cyp regulation by PPARα, CAR and PXR. These effects of Cyp1b1 deletion overlap with effects caused by deletion of the small heterodimeric partner, a suppressor of these nuclear factors. Redirection of gene expression associated with liver fat homeostasis in Cyp1b1-ko mice that directs hypothalamic control of GH and leptin. Cyp1b1-ko suppresses neonatal Scd1 and delays adult maturation of dimorphic GH/HNF4α signaling. Alternatively, deletion may diminish hypothalamic metabolism of estradiol, which establishes adult GH regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin R Bushkofsky
- Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Center, Endocrinology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, United States; Reproductive Physiology Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, United States
| | - Meghan Maguire
- Reproductive Physiology Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, United States
| | - Michele Campaigne Larsen
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, United States
| | - Yee Hoon Fong
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, United States
| | - Colin R Jefcoate
- Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Center, Endocrinology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, United States; Reproductive Physiology Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, United States; Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, United States.
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32
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Zois CE, Harris AL. Glycogen metabolism has a key role in the cancer microenvironment and provides new targets for cancer therapy. J Mol Med (Berl) 2016; 94:137-54. [PMID: 26882899 PMCID: PMC4762924 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-015-1377-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is a hallmark of cancer cells and contributes to their adaption within the tumour microenvironment and resistance to anticancer therapies. Recently, glycogen metabolism has become a recognised feature of cancer cells since it is upregulated in many tumour types, suggesting that it is an important aspect of cancer cell pathophysiology. Here, we provide an overview of glycogen metabolism and its regulation, with a focus on its role in metabolic reprogramming of cancer cells under stress conditions such as hypoxia, glucose deprivation and anticancer treatment. The various methods to detect glycogen in tumours in vivo as well as pharmacological modulators of glycogen metabolism are also reviewed. Finally, we discuss the therapeutic value of targeting glycogen metabolism as a strategy for combinational approaches in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos E Zois
- Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Department of Oncology, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK.
| | - Adrian L Harris
- Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Department of Oncology, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK.
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Abstract
Liver glycogen is synthesized after a meal in response to an increase in blood glucose concentration in the portal vein and endocrine and neuroendocrine signals, and is degraded to glucose between meals to maintain blood glucose homeostasis. Glycogen degradation and synthesis during the diurnal cycle are mediated by changes in the activities of phosphorylase and glycogen synthase. Phosphorylase is regulated by phosphorylation of serine-14. Only the phosphorylated form of liver phosphorylase (GPa) is catalytically active. Interconversion between GPa and GPb (unphosphorylated) is dependent on the activities of phosphorylase kinase and of phosphorylase phosphatase. The latter comprises protein phosphatase-1 in conjunction with a glycogen-targeting protein (G-subunit) of the PPP1R3 family. At least two of six G-subunits (GL and PTG) expressed in liver are involved in GPa dephosphorylation. GPa to GPb interconversion is dependent on the conformational state of phosphorylase which can be relaxed (R) or tense (T) depending on the concentrations of allosteric effectors such as glucose, glucose 6-phosphate and adenine nucleotides and on the acetylation state of lysine residues. The G-subunit, GL, encoded by PPP1R3B gene is expressed at high levels in liver and can function as a phosphorylase phosphatase and a synthase phosphatase and has an allosteric binding site for GPa at the C-terminus which inhibits synthase phosphatase activity. GPa to GPb conversion is a major upstream event in the regulation of glycogen synthesis by glucose, its downstream metabolites and extracellular signals such as insulin and neurotransmitters.
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Gu J, Zhang Y, Xu D, Zhao Z, Zhang Y, Pan Y, Cao P, Wang Z, Chen Y. Ethanol-induced hepatic steatosis is modulated by glycogen level in the liver. J Lipid Res 2015; 56:1329-39. [PMID: 26022806 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m056978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a major health problem worldwide and hepatic steatosis is an early response to alcohol consumption. Fat and glycogen are two major forms of energy storage in the liver; however, whether glycogen metabolism in the liver impacts alcohol-induced steatosis has been elusive. In this study, we used a mouse model with overexpression of PPP1R3G in the liver to dissect the potential role of glycogen on alcohol-induced fatty liver formation. PPP1R3G is a regulatory subunit of protein phosphatase 1 and stimulates glycogenesis in the liver. Chronic and binge ethanol (EtOH) feeding reduced glycogen level in the mouse liver and such inhibitory effect of EtOH was reversed by PPP1R3G overexpression. In addition, PPP1R3G overexpression abrogated EtOH-induced elevation of serum levels of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase, increase in liver triglyceride concentration, and lipid deposition in the liver. EtOH-stimulated sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP)-1c, a master regulator of lipogenesis, was also reduced by PPP1R3G overexpression in vivo. In AML-12 mouse hepatocytes, PPP1R3G overexpression could relieve EtOH-induced lipid accumulation and SREBP-1c stimulation. In conclusion, our data indicate that glycogen metabolism is closely linked to EtOH-induced liver injury and fatty liver formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Gu
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yongxian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Daqian Xu
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Zilong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yuxue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yi Pan
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Peijuan Cao
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Zhenzhen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
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35
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Chiang DY, Lebesgue N, Beavers DL, Alsina KM, Damen JM, Voigt N, Dobrev D, Wehrens XH, Scholten A. Alterations in the interactome of serine/threonine protein phosphatase type-1 in atrial fibrillation patients. J Am Coll Cardiol 2015; 65:163-73. [PMID: 25593058 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2014.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Revised: 09/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia, yet current pharmacological treatments are limited. Serine/threonine protein phosphatase type-1 (PP1), a major phosphatase in the heart, consists of a catalytic subunit (PP1c) and a large set of regulatory (R)-subunits that confer localization and substrate specificity to the holoenzyme. Previous studies suggest that PP1 is dysregulated in AF, but the mechanisms are unknown. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that PP1 is dysregulated in paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) at the level of its R-subunits. METHODS Cardiac lysates were coimmunoprecipitated with anti-PP1c antibody followed by mass spectrometry-based, quantitative profiling of associated R-subunits. Subsequently, label-free quantification (LFQ) was used to evaluate altered R-subunit-PP1c interactions in PAF patients. R-subunits with altered binding to PP1c in PAF were further studied using bioinformatics, Western blotting (WB), immunocytochemistry, and coimmunoprecipitation. RESULTS A total of 135 and 78 putative PP1c interactors were captured from mouse and human cardiac lysates, respectively, including many previously unreported interactors with conserved PP1c docking motifs. Increases in binding were found between PP1c and PPP1R7, cold-shock domain protein A (CSDA), and phosphodiesterase type-5A (PDE5A) in PAF patients, with CSDA and PDE5A being novel interactors validated by bioinformatics, immunocytochemistry, and coimmunoprecipitation. WB confirmed that these increases in binding cannot be ascribed to their changes in global protein expression alone. CONCLUSIONS Subcellular heterogeneity in PP1 activity and downstream protein phosphorylation in AF may be attributed to alterations in PP1c-R-subunit interactions, which impair PP1 targeting to proteins involved in electrical and Ca(2+) remodeling. This represents a novel concept in AF pathogenesis and may provide more specific drug targets for treating AF.
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Larsen MC, Bushkofsky JR, Gorman T, Adhami V, Mukhtar H, Wang S, Reeder SB, Sheibani N, Jefcoate CR. Cytochrome P450 1B1: An unexpected modulator of liver fatty acid homeostasis. Arch Biochem Biophys 2015; 571:21-39. [PMID: 25703193 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2015.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Revised: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 1b1 (Cyp1b1) expression is absent in mouse hepatocytes, but present in liver endothelia and activated stellate cells. Increased expression during adipogenesis suggests a role of Cyp1b1 metabolism in fatty acid homeostasis. Wild-type C57BL/6j (WT) and Cyp1b1-null (Cyp1b1-ko) mice were provided low or high fat diets (LFD and HFD, respectively). Cyp1b1-deletion suppressed HFD-induced obesity, improved glucose tolerance and prevented liver steatosis. Suppression of lipid droplets in sinusoidal hepatocytes, concomitant with enhanced glycogen granules, was a consistent feature of Cyp1b1-ko mice. Cyp1b1 deletion altered the in vivo expression of 560 liver genes, including suppression of PPARγ, stearoyl CoA desaturase 1 (Scd1) and many genes stimulated by PPARα, each consistent with this switch in energy storage mechanism. Ligand activation of PPARα in Cyp1b1-ko mice by WY-14643 was, nevertheless, effective. Seventeen gene changes in Cyp1b1-ko mice correspond to mouse transgenic expression that attenuated diet-induced diabetes. The absence of Cyp1b1 in mouse hepatocytes indicates participation in energy homeostasis through extra-hepatocyte signaling. Extensive sexual dimorphism in hepatic gene expression suggests a developmental impact of estrogen metabolism by Cyp1b1. Suppression of Scd1 and increased leptin turnover support enhanced leptin participation from the hypothalamus. Cyp1b1-mediated effects on vascular cells may underlie these changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Campaigne Larsen
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, United States
| | - Justin R Bushkofsky
- Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, United States; Endocrinology and Reproductive Physiology Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, United States
| | - Tyler Gorman
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, United States
| | - Vaqar Adhami
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, United States
| | - Hasan Mukhtar
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, United States
| | - Suqing Wang
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, United States
| | - Scott B Reeder
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, United States; Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, United States; Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, United States; Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, United States
| | - Nader Sheibani
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, United States
| | - Colin R Jefcoate
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, United States; Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, United States; Endocrinology and Reproductive Physiology Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, United States.
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Abstract
The molecular signatures of epigenetic regulation and chromatin architectures are fundamental to genetically determined biological processes. Covalent and post-translational chemical modification of the chromatin template can sensitize the genome to changing environmental conditions to establish diverse functional states. Recent interest and research focus surrounds the direct connections between metabolism and chromatin dynamics, which now represents an important conceptual challenge to explain many aspects of metabolic dysfunction. Several components of the epigenetic machinery require intermediates of cellular metabolism for enzymatic function. Furthermore, changes to intracellular metabolism can alter the expression of specific histone methyltransferases and acetyltransferases conferring widespread variations in epigenetic modification patterns. Specific epigenetic influences of dietary glucose and lipid consumption, as well as undernutrition, are observed across numerous organs and pathways associated with metabolism. Studies have started to define the chromatin-dependent mechanisms underlying persistent and pathophysiological changes induced by altered metabolism. Importantly, numerous recent studies demonstrate that gene regulation underlying phenotypic determinants of adult metabolic health is influenced by maternal and early postnatal diet. These emerging concepts open new perspectives to combat the rising global epidemic of metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel T. Keating
- From the Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease Laboratory (S.T.K., A.E.-O.) and Epigenomics Profiling Facility (S.T.K., A.E.-O.), Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, The Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (A.E.-O.); and Central Clinical School, Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (A.E.-O.)
| | - Assam El-Osta
- From the Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease Laboratory (S.T.K., A.E.-O.) and Epigenomics Profiling Facility (S.T.K., A.E.-O.), Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, The Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (A.E.-O.); and Central Clinical School, Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (A.E.-O.)
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Kluth O, Matzke D, Schulze G, Schwenk RW, Joost HG, Schürmann A. Differential transcriptome analysis of diabetes-resistant and -sensitive mouse islets reveals significant overlap with human diabetes susceptibility genes. Diabetes 2014; 63:4230-8. [PMID: 25053586 DOI: 10.2337/db14-0425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes in humans and in obese mice is polygenic. In recent genome-wide association studies, genetic markers explaining a small portion of the genetic contribution to the disease were discovered. However, functional evidence linking these genes with the pathogenesis of diabetes is scarce. We performed RNA sequencing-based transcriptomics of islets from two obese mouse strains, a diabetes-susceptible (NZO) and a diabetes-resistant (B6-ob/ob) mouse, after a short glucose challenge and compared these results with human data. Alignment of 2,328 differentially expressed genes to 106 human diabetes candidate genes revealed an overlap of 20 genes, including TCF7L2, IGFBP2, CDKN2A, CDKN2B, GRB10, and PRC1. The data provide a functional validation of human diabetes candidate genes, including those involved in regulating islet cell recovery and proliferation, and identify additional candidates that could be involved in human β-cell failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Kluth
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Germany German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Daniela Matzke
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Germany German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Gunnar Schulze
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Germany German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Robert W Schwenk
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Germany German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Joost
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany Department of Pharmacology, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Germany
| | - Annette Schürmann
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Germany
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Xia T, Zhang Q, Xiao Y, Wang C, Yu J, Liu H, Liu B, Zhang Y, Chen S, Liu Y, Chen Y, Guo F. CREB/TRH pathway in the central nervous system regulates energy expenditure in response to deprivation of an essential amino acid. Int J Obes (Lond) 2014; 39:105-13. [PMID: 24732144 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2014.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Revised: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the central nervous system (CNS), thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) has an important role in regulating energy balance. We previously showed that dietary deprivation of leucine in mice increases energy expenditure through CNS-dependent regulation. However, the involvement of central TRH in this regulation has not been reported. METHODS Male C57J/B6 mice were maintained on a control or leucine-deficient diet for 7 days. Leucine-deprived mice were either third intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injected with a TRH antibody followed by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of triiodothyronine (T3) or i.c.v. administrated with an adenovirus of shCREB (cAMP-response element binding protein) followed by i.c.v. injection of TRH. Food intake and body weight were monitored daily. Oxygen consumption, physical activity and rectal temperature were assessed after the treatment. After being killed, the hypothalamus and the brown adipose tissue were collected and the expression of related genes and proteins related was analyzed. In other experiments, control or leucine-deficient medium incubated primary cultured neurons were either infected with adenovirus-mediated short hairpin RNA targeting extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (Ad-shERK1/2) or transfected with plasmid-overexpressing protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 3C (PPP1R3C). RESULTS I.c.v. administration of anti-TRH antibodies significantly reduced leucine deprivation-stimulated energy expenditure. Furthermore, the effects of i.c.v. TRH antibodies were reversed by i.p. injection of T3 during leucine deprivation. Moreover, i.c.v. injection of Ad-shCREB (adenovirus-mediated short hairpin RNA targeting CREB) significantly suppressed leucine deprivation-stimulated energy expenditure via modulation of TRH expression. Lastly, TRH expression was regulated by CREB, which was phosphorylated by ERK1/2 and dephosphorylated by PPP1R3C-containing protein Ser/Thr phosphatase type 1 (PP1) under leucine deprivation in vitro. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate a novel role for TRH in regulating energy expenditure via T3 during leucine deprivation. Furthermore, our findings reveal that TRH expression is activated by CREB, which is phosphorylated by ERK1/2 and dephosphorylated by PPP1R3C-containing PP1. Collectively, our studies provide novel insights into the regulation of energy homeostasis by the CNS in response to an essential amino-acid deprivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Xia
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, The Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Q Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, The Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Y Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, The Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - C Wang
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, The Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - J Yu
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, The Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - H Liu
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, The Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - B Liu
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, The Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Y Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, The Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - S Chen
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, The Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Y Liu
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, The Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Y Chen
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, The Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - F Guo
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, The Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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Moya-Pérez A, Romo-Vaquero M, Tomás-Barberán F, Sanz Y, García-Conesa MT. Hepatic molecular responses to Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum CECT 7765 in a mouse model of diet-induced obesity. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2014; 24:57-64. [PMID: 23831006 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2013.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Revised: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 04/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum CECT 7765 moderates body weight gain and metabolic parameters in high-fat diet-(HFD)-fed mice but, the mechanisms of action are not yet understood. To further understand the effects of this bacterial strain, we have investigated the molecular changes in the liver of mice fed a HFD and supplemented with the bacteria. METHODS AND RESULTS Gene expression and protein levels were measured in the liver of C57BL/6 male mice following sub-chronic consumption of a HFD and B. pseudocatenulatum CECT 7765. Our results show that the consumption of this bacterial strain modulated the expression of key genes involved in the regulation of energy metabolism and transport of lipids that were affected by the HFD.B. pseudocatenulatum CECT 7765 significantly counteracted the effects caused by the HFD on the fatty acid transporter CD36, the transcription regulator of lipid biosynthesis EGR1 and the regulators of glucose metabolism, IGFBP2 and PPP1R3B, both at the mRNA and protein levels. The bacterial strain slightly induced the transcript levels of PNPLA2, a lipase that hydrolyses triglycerides in lipid droplets. In the standard diet (SD)-fed mice, the administration of B. pseudocatenulatum CECT 7765 donwregulated the expression of INSIG1 and HMGCR critically involved in the regulation of cholesterol levels. CONCLUSION B. pseudocatenulatum CECT 7765 modified the expression of key regulators of fatty acid and cholesterol metabolism and transport, lipid levels and glucose levels in the liver which supports the beneficial metabolic effects of this bacterial strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Moya-Pérez
- Microbial Ecology and Nutrition Research Group, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - M Romo-Vaquero
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Dept. Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC, P.O. Box 164, 30100 Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - F Tomás-Barberán
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Dept. Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC, P.O. Box 164, 30100 Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Y Sanz
- Microbial Ecology and Nutrition Research Group, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - M-T García-Conesa
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Dept. Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC, P.O. Box 164, 30100 Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.
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Zhao X, Yang S, Zhang W, Zu C, Tang B, Zhang B, Li G, Su L, Cai D. Fuzi-Lizhong pill compensates hypothyroid-hypothermia via ghrelin release. J Ethnopharmacol 2013; 149:707-712. [PMID: 23920247 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Revised: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Fuzi-Lizhong pill (FLZ) is a traditional Chinese medicine for treating patients with Spleen Yang deficient syndrome. Ghrelin, a peptide with 28 amino acid residues, plays multiple roles in thermogenesis. This study aims to explore FLZ regulating ghrelin to compensate hypothermia in rats with hypothyroid and indigestion. MATERIALS AND METHODS In litter-matched rats, hypothermia was developed with both thyroidectomy at d1 and interscapular brown adipose (IBA) removal at d42, indigestion was induced with both high fat diet and fasting-feeding cycle from d56; the littermates with hypothermia and indigestion were administrated with FLZ from d70. Adaptive thermogenesis, thyroid hormones, metabolites, ghrelin dynamics were measured at d98. RESULTS The results showed that plasma ghrelin levels were inversely correlated with the gastric ghrelin levels and adaptive thermogenesis in rats undergone both thyroidectomy and IBA removal. Fatty diet and FLZ enhanced the increase of plasma ghrelin of hypothyroid rats. These were supported by the changes of plasma thyroid related hormones, plasma metabolites, gastric ghrelin mRNA and protein, and the effects of fatty diet or FLZ. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that more ghrelin release compensate chronic hypothermia in rats with both hypothyroidism and indigestion. It could explain the mechanisms of FLZ in relieving chronic hypothermia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhao
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
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Yu J, Xiao F, Zhang Q, Liu B, Guo Y, Lv Z, Xia T, Chen S, Li K, Du Y, Guo F. PRLR regulates hepatic insulin sensitivity in mice via STAT5. Diabetes 2013; 62:3103-13. [PMID: 23775766 PMCID: PMC3749345 DOI: 10.2337/db13-0182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Insulin resistance is one of the major contributing factors in the development of metabolic diseases. The mechanisms responsible for insulin resistance, however, remain poorly understood. Although numerous functions of the prolactin receptor (PRLR) have been identified, a direct effect on insulin sensitivity has not been previously described. The aim of our current study is to investigate this possibility and elucidate underlying mechanisms. Here we show that insulin sensitivity is improved or impaired in mice injected with adenovirus that overexpress or knock down PRLR expression, respectively. Similar observations were obtained in in vitro studies. In addition, we discovered that the signal transducer and activator of transcription-5 pathway are required for regulating insulin sensitivity by PRLR. Moreover, we observed that PRLR expression is decreased or increased under insulin-resistant (db/db mice) or insulin-sensitive (leucine deprivation) conditions, respectively, and found that altering PRLR expression significantly reverses insulin sensitivity under both conditions. Finally, we found that PRLR expression levels are increased under leucine deprivation via a general control nonderepressible 2/mammalian target of rapamycin/ribosomal protein S6 kinase-1-dependent pathway. These results demonstrate a novel function for hepatic PRLR in the regulation of insulin sensitivity and provide important insights concerning the nutritional regulation of PRLR expression.
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Zhang Y, Gan W, Tian C, Li H, Lin X, Chen Y. Association of PPP1R3B polymorphisms with blood lipid and C-reactive protein levels in a Chinese population (PPP1R3B C ). J Diabetes 2013; 5:275-81. [PMID: 23343124 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.12028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2012] [Revised: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic variants of PPP1R3B, a gene encoding a critical protein involved in hepatic glycogen metabolism, were recently reported to be associated with plasma levels of lipids and C-reactive protein (CRP) among populations of mostly European descent. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the PPP1R3B variants are associated with plasma levels of lipids and inflammation factors in Chinese Han. METHODS Five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the PPP1R3B gene were genotyped and their associations with plasma lipids and CRP were determined in 1636 Chinese Han from Shanghai. RESULTS Three SNPs, namely rs2126259, rs9987289, and rs19334, were significantly associated with plasma levels of low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and rs2126259 and rs9987289 were further significantly associated with total cholesterol. The remaining two SNPs (rs189798 and rs330919) were significantly associated with plasma CRP levels, but not with plasma lipid levels. CONCLUSION Genetic polymorphisms of the PPP1R3B gene may contribute to variations in plasma lipids and CRP levels among Chinese Han individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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Bonney S, Kominsky D, Brodsky K, Eltzschig H, Walker L, Eckle T. Cardiac Per2 functions as novel link between fatty acid metabolism and myocardial inflammation during ischemia and reperfusion injury of the heart. PLoS One 2013; 8:e71493. [PMID: 23977055 PMCID: PMC3748049 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Disruption of peripheral circadian rhyme pathways dominantly leads to metabolic disorders. Studies on circadian rhythm proteins in the heart indicated a role for Clock or Per2 in cardiac metabolism. In contrast to Clock−/−, Per2−/− mice have larger infarct sizes with deficient lactate production during myocardial ischemia. To test the hypothesis that cardiac Per2 represents an important regulator of cardiac metabolism during myocardial ischemia, we measured lactate during reperfusion in Per1−/−, Per2−/− or wildtype mice. As lactate measurements in whole blood indicated an exclusive role of Per2 in controlling lactate production during myocardial ischemia, we next performed gene array studies using various ischemia-reperfusion protocols comparing wildtype and Per2−/− mice. Surprisingly, high-throughput gene array analysis revealed dominantly lipid metabolism as the differentially regulated pathway in wildtype mice when compared to Per2−/−. In all ischemia-reperfusion protocols used, the enzyme enoyl-CoA hydratase, which is essential in fatty acid beta-oxidation, was regulated in wildtype animals only. Studies using nuclear magnet resonance imaging (NMRI) confirmed altered fatty acid populations with higher mono-unsaturated fatty acid levels in hearts from Per2−/− mice. Unexpectedly, studies on gene regulation during reperfusion revealed solely pro inflammatory genes as differentially regulated ‘Per2-genes’. Subsequent studies on inflammatory markers showed increasing IL-6 or TNFα levels during reperfusion in Per2−/− mice. In summary, these studies reveal an important role of cardiac Per2 for fatty acid metabolism and inflammation during myocardial ischemia and reperfusion, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Bonney
- Department of Anesthesiology and Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Doug Kominsky
- Department of Anesthesiology and Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Kelley Brodsky
- Department of Anesthesiology and Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Holger Eltzschig
- Department of Anesthesiology and Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Lori Walker
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, United States of America
| | - Tobias Eckle
- Department of Anesthesiology and Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Zhang Y, Xu D, Huang H, Chen S, Wang L, Zhu L, Jiang X, Ruan X, Luo X, Cao P, Liu W, Pan Y, Wang Z, Chen Y. Regulation of glucose homeostasis and lipid metabolism by PPP1R3G-mediated hepatic glycogenesis. Mol Endocrinol 2013; 28:116-26. [PMID: 24264575 DOI: 10.1210/me.2013-1268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver glycogen metabolism plays an important role in glucose homeostasis. Glycogen synthesis is mainly regulated by glycogen synthase that is dephosphorylated and activated by protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) in combination with glycogen-targeting subunits or G subunits. There are seven G subunits (PPP1R3A to G) that control glycogenesis in different organs. PPP1R3G is a recently discovered G subunit whose expression is changed along the fasting-feeding cycle and is proposed to play a role in postprandial glucose homeostasis. In this study, we analyzed the physiological function of PPP1R3G using a mouse model with liver-specific overexpression of PPP1R3G. PPP1R3G overexpression increases hepatic glycogen accumulation, stimulates glycogen synthase activity, elevates fasting blood glucose level, and accelerates postprandial blood glucose clearance. In addition, the transgenic mice have a reduced fat composition, together with decreased hepatic triglyceride level. Fasting-induced hepatic steatosis is relieved by PPP1R3G overexpression. In addition, PPP1R3G overexpression is able to elevate glycogenesis in primary hepatocytes. The glycogen-binding domain is indispensable for the physiological activities of PPP1R3G on glucose metabolism and triglyceride accumulation in the liver. Cumulatively, these data indicate that PPP1R3G plays a critical role in postprandial glucose homeostasis and liver triglyceride metabolism via its regulation on hepatic glycogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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McClain DA, Abuelgasim KA, Nouraie M, Salomon-Andonie J, Niu X, Miasnikova G, Polyakova LA, Sergueeva A, Okhotin DJ, Cherqaoui R, Okhotin D, Cox JE, Swierczek S, Song J, Simon MC, Huang J, Simcox JA, Yoon D, Prchal JT, Gordeuk VR. Decreased serum glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin levels in patients with Chuvash polycythemia: a role for HIF in glucose metabolism. J Mol Med (Berl) 2013; 91:59-67. [PMID: 23015148 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-012-0961-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2012] [Revised: 08/17/2012] [Accepted: 09/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In Chuvash polycythemia, a homozygous 598C>T mutation in the von Hippel-Lindau gene (VHL) leads to an R200W substitution in VHL protein, impaired degradation of α-subunits of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1 and HIF-2, and augmented hypoxic responses during normoxia. Chronic hypoxia of high altitude is associated with decreased serum glucose and insulin concentrations. Other investigators reported that HIF-1 promotes cellular glucose uptake by increased expression of GLUT1 and increased glycolysis by increased expression of enzymes such as PDK. On the other hand, inactivation of Vhl in murine liver leads to hypoglycemia associated with a HIF-2-related decrease in the expression of the gluconeogenic enzyme genes Pepck, G6pc, and Glut2. We therefore hypothesized that glucose concentrations are decreased in individuals with Chuvash polycythemia. We found that 88 Chuvash VHL ( R200W ) homozygotes had lower random glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin A1c levels than 52 Chuvash subjects with wild-type VHL alleles. Serum metabolomics revealed higher glycerol and citrate levels in the VHL ( R200W ) homozygotes. We expanded these observations in VHL ( R200W ) homozygote mice and found that they had lower fasting glucose values and lower glucose excursions than wild-type control mice but no change in fasting insulin concentrations. Hepatic expression of Glut2 and G6pc, but not Pdk2, was decreased, and skeletal muscle expression of Glut1, Pdk1, and Pdk4 was increased. These results suggest that both decreased hepatic gluconeogenesis and increased skeletal uptake and glycolysis contribute to the decreased glucose concentrations. Further study is needed to determine whether pharmacologically manipulating HIF expression might be beneficial for treatment of diabetic patients.
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Abstract
To identify new genes that are important in fat metabolism, we utilized the Lexicon-Genentech knockout database of genes encoding transmembrane and secreted factors and whole murine genome transcriptional profiling data that we generated for 3T3-L1 in vitro adipogenesis. Cross-referencing null models evidencing metabolic phenotypes with genes induced in adipogenesis led to identification of a new gene, which we named RIFL (refeeding induced fat and liver). RIFL-null mice have serum triglyceride levels approximately one-third of wild type. RIFL transcript is induced >100-fold during 3T3-L1 adipogenesis and is also increased markedly during adipogenesis of murine and human primary preadipocytes. siRNA-mediated knockdown of RIFL during 3T3-L1 adipogenesis results in an ~35% decrease in adipocyte triglyceride content. Murine RIFL transcript is highly enriched in white and brown adipose tissue and liver. Fractionation of WAT reveals that RIFL transcript is exclusive to adipocytes with a lack of expression in stromal-vascular cells. Nutritional and hormonal studies are consistent with a prolipogenic function for RIFL. There is evidence of an approximately eightfold increase in RIFL transcript level in WAT in ob/ob mice compared with wild-type mice. RIFL transcript level in WAT and liver is increased ~80- and 12-fold, respectively, following refeeding of fasted mice. Treatment of 3T3-L1 adipocytes with insulin increases RIFL transcript ≤35-fold, whereas agents that stimulate lipolysis downregulate RIFL. Interestingly, the 198-amino acid RIFL protein is predicted to be secreted and shows ~30% overall conservation with the NH(2)-terminal half of angiopoietin-like 3, a liver-secreted protein that impacts lipid metabolism. In summary, our data suggest that RIFL is an important new regulator of lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Ren
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology and Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
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Abstract
Glycogen is a branched polymer of glucose that acts as a store of energy in times of nutritional sufficiency for utilization in times of need. Its metabolism has been the subject of extensive investigation and much is known about its regulation by hormones such as insulin, glucagon and adrenaline (epinephrine). There has been debate over the relative importance of allosteric compared with covalent control of the key biosynthetic enzyme, glycogen synthase, as well as the relative importance of glucose entry into cells compared with glycogen synthase regulation in determining glycogen accumulation. Significant new developments in eukaryotic glycogen metabolism over the last decade or so include: (i) three-dimensional structures of the biosynthetic enzymes glycogenin and glycogen synthase, with associated implications for mechanism and control; (ii) analyses of several genetically engineered mice with altered glycogen metabolism that shed light on the mechanism of control; (iii) greater appreciation of the spatial aspects of glycogen metabolism, including more focus on the lysosomal degradation of glycogen; and (iv) glycogen phosphorylation and advances in the study of Lafora disease, which is emerging as a glycogen storage disease.
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Chen Y, Lin X, Liu Y, Xie D, Fang J, Le Y, Ke Z, Zhai Q, Wang H, Guo F, Wang F, Liu Y. Research advances at the Institute for Nutritional Sciences at Shanghai, China. Adv Nutr 2011; 2:428-39. [PMID: 22332084 PMCID: PMC3183593 DOI: 10.3945/an.111.000703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutrition-related health issues have emerged as a major threat to public health since the rebirth of the economy in China starting in the 1980s. To meet this challenge, the Chinese Academy of Sciences established the Institute for Nutritional Sciences (INS) at Shanghai, China ≈ 8 y ago. The mission of the INS is to apply modern technologies and concepts in nutritional research to understand the molecular mechanism and provide means of intervention in the combat against nutrition-related diseases, including type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, obesity, cardiovascular diseases, and many types of cancers. Through diligent and orchestrated efforts by INS scientists, graduate students, and research staff in the past few years, the INS has become the leading institution in China in the areas of basic nutritional research and metabolic regulation. Scientists at the INS have made important progress in many areas, including the characterization of genetic and nutritional properties of the Chinese population, metabolic control associated with nutrient sensing, molecular mechanisms underlying glucose and lipid metabolism, regulation of metabolism by adipokines and inflammatory pathways, disease intervention using functional foods or extracts of Chinese herbs, and many biological studies related to carcinogenesis. The INS will continue its efforts in understanding the optimal nutritional needs for Chinese people and the molecular causes associated with metabolic diseases, thus paving the way for effective and individualized intervention in the future. This review highlights the major research endeavors undertaken by INS scientists in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chen
- Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
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