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Zhang X, Huang J, Gong F, Cai Z, Liu Y, Tang G, Hu K. Synthesis and preclinical evaluation of a novel PET/fluorescence dual-modality probe targeting fibroblast activation protein. Bioorg Chem 2024; 146:107275. [PMID: 38493637 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Early diagnosis and precise surgical intervention are crucial for cancer patients. We aimed to develop a novel positron emission tomography (PET)/fluorescence dual-modality probe for preoperative diagnosis, intraoperative guidance, and postoperative monitoring of fibroblast activation protein (FAP)-positive tumors. FAPI-FAM was synthesized and labeled with gallium-68. [68Ga]Ga-FAPI-FAM showed favorable in vivo and in vitro characteristics, specific binding affinity, and excellent tumor accumulation in FAP-positive cells and mice xenografts. Excellent tumor-to-background contrast was found owing to high tumor uptake, prolonged retention, and rapid renal clearance of [68Ga]Ga-FAPI-FAM. Moreover, a specific fluorescence signal was detected in FAP-positive tumors during ex vivo fluorescence imaging, demonstrating the feasibility of whole-body tumor detection and intraoperative tumor delineation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Zhang
- GDMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Control and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510515, China
| | - Jiawen Huang
- GDMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Control and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510515, China
| | - Fengping Gong
- GDMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Control and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510515, China
| | - Zhikai Cai
- GDMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Control and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510515, China
| | - Yang Liu
- GDMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Control and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510515, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510515, China
| | - Ganghua Tang
- GDMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Control and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510515, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510515, China.
| | - Kongzhen Hu
- GDMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Control and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510515, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510515, China.
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Dai D, Yu J, Gou W, Yang S, Li Y, Wang Z, Yang Z, Huang T, Li P, Zhu T, Hou W, Zhao Y, Xu W, Li Y. Novel CDK19-Targeted Radiotracers: A Potential Design Strategy to Improve the Pharmacokinetics and Tumor Uptake. J Med Chem 2024; 67:6726-6737. [PMID: 38570733 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase 19 (CDK19) is overexpressed in prostate cancer, making it an attractive target for both imaging and therapy. Since little is known about the optimized approach for radioligands of nuclear proteins, linker optimization strategies were used to improve pharmacokinetics and tumor absorption, including the adjustment of the length, flexibility/rigidity, and hydrophilicity/lipophilicity of linkers. Molecular docking was conducted for virtual screening and followed by IC50 determination. Both BALB/c mice and P-16 xenografts were used for tissue distribution and PET/CT imaging. The ligand 68Ga-10c demonstrated high absorption in tumor 5 min after injection and sustains long-term imaging within 3 h. Furthermore, 68Ga-10c exhibited slow clearance within the tumor and was predominantly metabolized in both the liver and kidneys, showing the potential to alleviate metabolic pressure and enhance tissue safety. Therefore, the linker optimization strategy is well suited for CDK19 and provides a reference for the radioactive ligands of other nuclear targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Dai
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for China, Tianjin 300060, China
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Tianjin Cancer Hospital Airport Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Jiang Yu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Wenfeng Gou
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Shuangmeng Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Yanli Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Ziyang Wang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Tianjin Cancer Hospital Airport Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Zhao Yang
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for China, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Ting Huang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Panfeng Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Tong Zhu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Wenbin Hou
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Wengui Xu
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for China, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Yiliang Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
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Tsuchihashi S, Nakashima K, Watanabe H, Ono M. Synthesis and evaluation of novel trifunctional chelating agents for pretargeting approach using albumin binder to improve tumor accumulation. Nucl Med Biol 2024; 132-133:108911. [PMID: 38614036 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2024.108911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The pretargeting approach consists of in vivo ligation between pre-injected antibodies and low-molecular-weight radiolabeled effectors. The advantage of the pretargeting approach is to improve a tumor-to-background ratio, but the disadvantage is to compromise tumor accumulation. In this study, we applied albumin binder (ALB) to the pretargeting approach to overcome low tumor accumulation. METHODS We synthesized two novel trifunctional effectors containing an ALB moiety, a chelator, and a different tetrazine and two corresponding effectors without an ALB moiety. Albumin-binding assays and stability assays were performed using 111In-labeled effectors. Measurements of reaction rate constant were conducted using 111In-labeled effectors and anti-HER2 antibody trastuzumab modified by trans-cyclooctene, which drives the click reaction with tetrazine. Biodistribution studies using HER2-expressing tumor-bearing mice were performed with or without the pretargeting approach. RESULTS In albumin-binding assays, ALB-containing effectors exhibited a marked binding to albumin. Two ALB-containing effectors showed the difference in the reactivity and the slight difference in the stability. In biodistribution studies without the pretargeting approach, two ALB-containing effectors showed different pharmacokinetics in blood retention. With the pretargeting approach, the tumor accumulation was improved by the introduction of ALB and the highest tumor accumulation was observed in using the ALB-containing effector with higher blood retention. CONCLUSION These results suggest that the application of ALB to the pretargeting approach is effective to improve tumor accumulation, and the structure of tetrazine influences the utility of ALB-containing effectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Tsuchihashi
- Department of Patho-Functional Bioanalysis, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshida Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Kazuma Nakashima
- Department of Patho-Functional Bioanalysis, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshida Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Watanabe
- Department of Patho-Functional Bioanalysis, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshida Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Masahiro Ono
- Department of Patho-Functional Bioanalysis, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshida Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
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Bendre S, Merkens H, Kuo HT, Ng P, Wong AAWL, Lau WS, Zhang Z, Kurkowska S, Chen CC, Uribe C, Bénard F, Lin KS. Development, preclinical evaluation and preliminary dosimetry profiling of SB03178, a first-of-its-kind benzo[h]quinoline-based fibroblast activation protein-α-targeted radiotheranostic for cancer imaging and therapy. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 268:116238. [PMID: 38367492 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Fibroblast activation protein-α (FAP) is a marker of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) that constitute a significant portion of most carcinomas. Since it plays a critical role in tumor growth and metastasis, its timely detection to identify tumor lesions in early developmental stages using targeted radiopharmaceuticals has gained significant impetus. In the present work, two novel FAP-targeted precursors SB03178 and SB04033 comprising of an atypical benzo[h]quinoline construct were synthesized and either chelated to diagnostic radionuclide gallium-68 or therapeutic radionuclide lutetium-177, with ≥90% radiochemical purities and 22-76% decay-corrected radiochemical yields. natGa-labeled complexes displayed dose-dependent FAP inhibition, with binding potency of natGa-SB03178 being ∼17 times higher than natGa-SB04033. To evaluate their pharmacokinetic profiles, PET imaging and ex vivo biodistribution analyses were executed in FAP-overexpressing HEK293T:hFAP tumor-bearing mice. While both tracers displayed clear tumor visualization that was primarily FAP-arbitrated, with negligible uptake in most peripheral tissues, [68Ga]Ga-SB03178 demonstrated higher tumor uptake and superior tumor-to-background contrast ratios than [68Ga]Ga-SB04033. 177Lu-labeled SB03178 was subjected to tumor retention studies, mouse dosimetry profiling and mouse-to-human dose extrapolations also using the HEK293T:hFAP tumor model. [177Lu]Lu-SB03178 exhibited a combination of high and sustained tumor uptake, with excellent tumor-to-critical organ uptake ratios resulting in a high radiation absorbed dose to the tumor and a low estimated whole-body dose to humans. Our preliminary findings are considerably encouraging to support clinical development of [68Ga]Ga-/[177Lu]Lu-SB03178 theranostic pair for use in a vast majority of FAP-overexpressing neoplasms, particularly carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreya Bendre
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, V5Z1L3, Canada
| | - Helen Merkens
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, V5Z1L3, Canada
| | - Hsiou-Ting Kuo
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, V5Z1L3, Canada
| | - Pauline Ng
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, V5Z1L3, Canada
| | - Antonio A W L Wong
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, V5Z1L3, Canada
| | - Wing Sum Lau
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, V5Z1L3, Canada
| | - Zhengxing Zhang
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, V5Z1L3, Canada
| | - Sara Kurkowska
- Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, V5Z1L3, Canada
| | - Chao-Cheng Chen
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, V5Z1L3, Canada
| | - Carlos Uribe
- Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, V5Z1L3, Canada; Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, V5Z4E6, Canada; Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V5Z1M9, Canada
| | - François Bénard
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, V5Z1L3, Canada; Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, V5Z4E6, Canada; Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V5Z1M9, Canada
| | - Kuo-Shyan Lin
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, V5Z1L3, Canada; Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, V5Z4E6, Canada; Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V5Z1M9, Canada.
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de Roode KE, Joosten L, Behe M. Towards the Magic Radioactive Bullet: Improving Targeted Radionuclide Therapy by Reducing the Renal Retention of Radioligands. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:256. [PMID: 38399470 PMCID: PMC10892921 DOI: 10.3390/ph17020256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Targeted radionuclide therapy (TRT) is an emerging field and has the potential to become a major pillar in effective cancer treatment. Several pharmaceuticals are already in routine use for treating cancer, and there is still a high potential for new compounds for this application. But, a major issue for many radiolabeled low-to-moderate-molecular-weight molecules is their clearance via the kidneys and their subsequent reuptake. High renal accumulation of radioactive compounds may lead to nephrotoxicity, and therefore, the kidneys are often the dose-limiting organs in TRT with these radioligands. Over the years, different strategies have been developed aiming for reduced kidney retention and enhanced therapeutic efficacy of radioligands. In this review, we will give an overview of the efforts and achievements of the used strategies, with focus on the therapeutic potential of low-to-moderate-molecular-weight molecules. Among the strategies discussed here is coadministration of compounds that compete for binding to the endocytic receptors in the proximal tubuli. In addition, the influence of altering the molecular design of radiolabeled ligands on pharmacokinetics is discussed, which includes changes in their physicochemical properties and implementation of cleavable linkers or albumin-binding moieties. Furthermore, we discuss the influence of chelator and radionuclide choice on reabsorption of radioligands by the kidneys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim E. de Roode
- Department of Medical Imaging, Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands;
- Tagworks Pharmaceuticals, Toernooiveld 1, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Lieke Joosten
- Department of Medical Imaging, Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands;
| | - Martin Behe
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
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Du X, Gu B, Wang X, Wang X, Ji M, Zhang J, He S, Xu X, Yang Z, Song S. Preclinical Evaluation and a Pilot Clinical Positron Emission Tomography Imaging Study of [ 68Ga]Ga-FAPI-FUSCC-II. Mol Pharm 2024; 21:904-915. [PMID: 38179677 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c01008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Fibroblast activation protein (FAP), a type II integral membrane serine protease, is a promising target for tumor diagnosis and therapy. OncoFAP has been recently discovered for PET imaging procedures for various solid malignancies. In this study, we presented the development of manual radiolabeling procedures for the preparation of OncoFAP-based radiopharmaceuticals for cancer imaging. A novel series of [68Ga/177Lu]Ga/Lu-FAPI-FUSCC-I/II were produced with high radiochemical yields. [68Ga]Ga-FAPI-FUSCC-I/II and [177Lu]Lu-FAPI-FUSCC-I/II were stable in phosphate-buffered saline, fetal bovine serum, and human serum for at least 3 h. In vitro cellular uptake and blocking experiments implied that they had specificity to FAP. Additionally, the low nanomolar IC50 values of FAPI-FUSCC-II indicated that it had a high target affinity to FAP. The in vivo biodistribution and blocking study in mice bearing HT-1080-FAP tumors showed that both exhibited specific tumor uptake. [68Ga]Ga-FAPI-FUSCC-II showed a higher tumor uptake and a higher tumor/nontarget ratio than [68Ga]Ga-FAPI-FUSCC-I and [68Ga]Ga-FAPI-04. The results of ex vivo biodistribution were in accordance with the biodistribution results. Clinical [68Ga]Ga-FAPI-FUSCC-II-PET/CT imaging further demonstrated its favorable biodistribution and kinetics with elevated and reliable uptake by primary tumors (maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), 12.17 ± 6.67) and distant metastases (SUVmax, 9.24 ± 4.28). In summary, [68Ga]Ga-FAPI-FUSCC-II displayed increased tumor uptake and retention compared to [68Ga]Ga-FAPI-04, giving it potential as a promising tracer for the diagnostic imaging of malignant tumors with positive FAP expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Du
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
- Center for Biomedical Imaging, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging Probes, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Bingxin Gu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
- Center for Biomedical Imaging, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging Probes, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Wang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200233, P. R. China
| | - Xiangwei Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
- Center for Biomedical Imaging, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging Probes, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Mengjing Ji
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
- Center for Biomedical Imaging, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging Probes, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Jianping Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
- Center for Biomedical Imaging, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging Probes, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Simin He
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
- Center for Biomedical Imaging, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging Probes, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoping Xu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
- Center for Biomedical Imaging, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging Probes, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Zhongyi Yang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
- Center for Biomedical Imaging, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging Probes, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Shaoli Song
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
- Center for Biomedical Imaging, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging Probes, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
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Zhou H, Zhong J, Peng S, Liu Y, Tang P, Cai Z, Wang L, Xu H, Hu K. Synthesis and preclinical evaluation of novel 18F-labeled fibroblast activation protein tracers for positron emission tomography imaging of cancer-associated fibroblasts. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 264:115993. [PMID: 38039792 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Fibroblast activation protein (FAP) is overexpressed in cancer-associated fibroblasts in more than 90% of epithelial tumors. Several radiotracers targeting FAPs have been used in clinical settings in recent years. However, the number of 18F-labeled FAP tracers is still limited. Herein, we aimed to develop 18F-labeled FAP tracers with optimized pharmacokinetics. Labeling precursors (NOTA-DD-FAPI and NOTA-PD-FAPI) were synthesized and labeled with fluorine-18. The precursors NOTA-DD-FAPI (IC50 = 0.21 ± 0.06 nM) and NOTA -PD-FAPI (IC50 = 0.13 ± 0.07 nM) showed a higher affinity for FAP compared to NOTA-FAPI-42 (IC50 = 0.66 ± 0.19 nM). Novel 18F-labeled FAP tracers showed a specific uptake, high internalized fraction, and low cellular efflux in vitro. Compared to the clinically used tracer [18F]AlF-FAPI-42, both the novel 18F-labeled FAP tracers, and especially the [18F]AlF-PD-FAPI tracer with a higher tumor-to-background ratio demonstrated rapid renal excretion and higher tumor uptake during preclinical evaluation, resulting in images with higher contrast. Thus, [18F]AlF-PD-FAPI shows promise for use as a FAP-targeting tracer for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhou
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Jiawei Zhong
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China; Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Simin Peng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Peipei Tang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Zhikai Cai
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China.
| | - Hao Xu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China.
| | - Kongzhen Hu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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Fu H, Huang J, Zhao T, Wang H, Chen Y, Xu W, Pang Y, Guo W, Sun L, Wu H, Xu P, Su B, Zhang J, Chen X, Chen H. Fibroblast Activation Protein-Targeted Radioligand Therapy with 177Lu-EB-FAPI for Metastatic Radioiodine-Refractory Thyroid Cancer: First-in-Human, Dose-Escalation Study. Clin Cancer Res 2023; 29:4740-4750. [PMID: 37801296 PMCID: PMC10690094 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-23-1983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Fibroblast activation protein (FAP) is a promising target for tumor treatment. In this study, we aimed to investigate the safety and efficacy of the albumin binder-conjugated FAP-targeted radiopharmaceutical, 177Lu-EB-FAPI (177Lu-LNC1004), in patients with metastatic radioiodine-refractory thyroid cancer (mRAIR-TC). PATIENTS AND METHODS This open-label, non-randomized, first-in-human, dose-escalation, investigator-initiated trial had a 3+3 design and involved a 6-week 177Lu-LNC1004 treatment cycle in patients with mRAIR-TC at 2.22 GBq initially, with subsequent cohorts receiving an incremental 50% dose increase until dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) was observed. RESULTS 177Lu-LNC1004 administration was well tolerated, with no life-threatening adverse events observed. No patients experienced DLT in Group A (2.22 GBq/cycle). One patient experienced grade 4 thrombocytopenia in Group B (3.33 GBq/cycle); hence, another three patients were enrolled, none of whom experienced DLT. Two patients experienced grade 3 and 4 hematotoxicity in Group C (4.99 GBq/cycle). The mean whole-body effective dose was 0.17 ± 0.04 mSv/MBq. Intense 177Lu-LNC1004 uptake and prolonged tumor retention resulted in high mean absorbed tumor doses (8.50 ± 12.36 Gy/GBq). The mean effective half-lives for the whole-body and tumor lesions were 90.20 ± 7.68 and 92.46 ± 9.66 hours, respectively. According to RECIST, partial response, stable disease, and progressive disease were observed in 3 (25%), 7 (58%), and 2 (17%) patients, respectively. The objective response and disease control rates were 25% and 83%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS FAP-targeted radioligand therapy with 177Lu-LNC1004 at 3.33 GBq/cycle was well tolerated in patients with advanced mRAIR-TC, with high radiation dose delivery to the tumor lesions, encouraging therapeutic efficacy, and acceptable side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Fu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Minnan PET Center, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jingxiong Huang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Minnan PET Center, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Tianzhi Zhao
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Centre for Translational Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Program, NUS Center for Nanomedicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hongjian Wang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yuhang Chen
- School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Weizhi Xu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Minnan PET Center, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yizhen Pang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Minnan PET Center, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Minnan PET Center, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Long Sun
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Minnan PET Center, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Hua Wu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Minnan PET Center, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Pengfei Xu
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Centre for Translational Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Program, NUS Center for Nanomedicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bishan Su
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Minnan PET Center, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Centre for Translational Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Program, NUS Center for Nanomedicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Centre for Translational Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Program, NUS Center for Nanomedicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Haojun Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Minnan PET Center, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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Ding Z, Sun S, Wang X, Yang X, Shi W, Huang X, Xie S, Mo F, Hou X, Liu A, Jiang X, Tang Z, Lu X. Nanobody-based trispecific T cell engager (Nb-TriTE) enhances therapeutic efficacy by overcoming tumor-mediated immunosuppression. J Hematol Oncol 2023; 16:115. [PMID: 38031188 PMCID: PMC10688028 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-023-01507-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND T cell engagers (TCEs) have been established as an emerging modality for hematologic malignancies, but solid tumors remain refractory. However, the upregulation of programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) is correlated with T cell dysfunction that confer tumor-mediated immunosuppression. Developing a novel nanobody-based trispecific T cell engager (Nb-TriTE) would be a potential strategy to improve therapeutic efficacy. METHODS Given the therapeutic potential of nanobodies (Nbs), we first screened Nb targeting fibroblast activation protein (FAP) and successfully generated a Nb-based bispecific T cell engager (Nb-BiTE) targeting FAP. Then, we developed a Nb-TriTE by fusing an anti-PD-1 Nb to the Nb-BiTE. The biological activity and antitumor efficacy of the Nb-TriTE were evaluated in vitro and in both cell line-derived and patient-derived xenograft mouse models. RESULTS We had for the first time successfully selected a FAP Nb for the generation of novel Nb-BiTE and Nb-TriTE, which showed good binding ability to their targets. Nb-TriTE not only induced robust tumor antigen-specific killing, potent T cell activation and enhanced T cell function in vitro, but also suppressed tumor growth, improved survival and mediated more T cell infiltration than Nb-BiTE in mouse models of different solid tumors without toxicity. CONCLUSIONS This novel Nb-TriTE provides a promising and universal platform to overcome tumor-mediated immunosuppression and improve patient outcomes in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqiang Ding
- School of Basic Medical Sciences/College of Stomatology/Hospital of Stomatology/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Nanobody Research/Guangxi Nanobody Engineering Research Center/Laboratory Animal Center/Pharmaceutical College/Affiliated Tumor Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Shuyang Sun
- School of Basic Medical Sciences/College of Stomatology/Hospital of Stomatology/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Nanobody Research/Guangxi Nanobody Engineering Research Center/Laboratory Animal Center/Pharmaceutical College/Affiliated Tumor Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Xiaomei Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences/College of Stomatology/Hospital of Stomatology/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Nanobody Research/Guangxi Nanobody Engineering Research Center/Laboratory Animal Center/Pharmaceutical College/Affiliated Tumor Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Wei Shi
- School of Basic Medical Sciences/College of Stomatology/Hospital of Stomatology/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Nanobody Research/Guangxi Nanobody Engineering Research Center/Laboratory Animal Center/Pharmaceutical College/Affiliated Tumor Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Xianing Huang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences/College of Stomatology/Hospital of Stomatology/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Nanobody Research/Guangxi Nanobody Engineering Research Center/Laboratory Animal Center/Pharmaceutical College/Affiliated Tumor Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Shenxia Xie
- School of Basic Medical Sciences/College of Stomatology/Hospital of Stomatology/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Nanobody Research/Guangxi Nanobody Engineering Research Center/Laboratory Animal Center/Pharmaceutical College/Affiliated Tumor Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Fengzhen Mo
- School of Basic Medical Sciences/College of Stomatology/Hospital of Stomatology/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Nanobody Research/Guangxi Nanobody Engineering Research Center/Laboratory Animal Center/Pharmaceutical College/Affiliated Tumor Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Xiaoqiong Hou
- School of Basic Medical Sciences/College of Stomatology/Hospital of Stomatology/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Nanobody Research/Guangxi Nanobody Engineering Research Center/Laboratory Animal Center/Pharmaceutical College/Affiliated Tumor Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Aiqun Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences/College of Stomatology/Hospital of Stomatology/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Nanobody Research/Guangxi Nanobody Engineering Research Center/Laboratory Animal Center/Pharmaceutical College/Affiliated Tumor Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Xiaobing Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Zhuoran Tang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences/College of Stomatology/Hospital of Stomatology/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Nanobody Research/Guangxi Nanobody Engineering Research Center/Laboratory Animal Center/Pharmaceutical College/Affiliated Tumor Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China.
| | - Xiaoling Lu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences/College of Stomatology/Hospital of Stomatology/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Nanobody Research/Guangxi Nanobody Engineering Research Center/Laboratory Animal Center/Pharmaceutical College/Affiliated Tumor Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China.
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10
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Yu Z, Huang Y, Chen H, Jiang Z, Li C, Xie Y, Li Z, Cheng X, Liu Y, Li S, Liang Y, Wu Z. Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of 18F-Labeled Tracers Targeting Fibroblast Activation Protein for Brain Imaging. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2023; 6:1745-1757. [PMID: 37974629 PMCID: PMC10644484 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.3c00187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Fibroblast activation protein (FAP) is closely related to central nervous system diseases such as stroke and brain tumors, but PET tracers that can be used for brain imaging have not been reported. Here, we designed, synthesized, and evaluated 18F-labeled UAMC1110 derivatives suitable for brain imaging targeting FAP. By substituting the F atom for the H atom on the aromatic ring of compound UAMC1110, 1a-c were designed and prepared. 1a-c were confirmed to have a high affinity for FAP through molecular docking and enzyme assay. [18F]1a-c were successfully prepared and confirmed to have high affinity. The stability in vivo indicates that no obvious metabolites of [18F]1a,b were found in the plasma 1 h after injection, which is beneficial for brain imaging. In vitro cell uptake experiments showed that [18F]1a,b and [68Ga]FAPI04 exhibited similar uptake and internalization rates. PET imaging of U87MG subcutaneous tumor showed that [18F]1a,b could penetrate the blood-brain barrier with higher uptake and longer retention time than [68Ga]FAPI04 (uptake at 62.5 min, 1.06 ± 0.23, 1.09 ± 0.25% ID/g vs 0.21 ± 0.10% ID/g, respectively). The brain-to-blood ratios of [18F]1a,b were better than [68Ga]FAPI04. Biodistribution and PET imaging showed that [18F]1a had better uptake on tumors and a higher tumor-to-muscle ratio than [18F]1b and [68Ga]FAPI04. Further imaging of U87MG intracranial glioma showed that [18F]1a outlined high-contrast gliomas in a short period of time compared to [18F]1b. Therefore, [18F]1a is expected to be useful in the diagnosis of FAP-related brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyue Yu
- Beijing
Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry
of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain
Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yong Huang
- Department
of Nuclear Medicine, National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research
Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union
Medical College, Shenzhen 518116, China
| | - Hualong Chen
- Beijing
Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry
of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain
Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Zeng Jiang
- Beijing
Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry
of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain
Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Chengze Li
- Department
of Nuclear Medicine, National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research
Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union
Medical College, Shenzhen 518116, China
| | - Yi Xie
- Beijing
Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry
of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain
Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Zhongjing Li
- Department
of Nuclear Medicine, National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research
Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union
Medical College, Shenzhen 518116, China
| | - Xuebo Cheng
- Beijing
Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry
of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain
Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yajing Liu
- School
of Pharmaceutical Science, Capital Medical
University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Shengli Li
- Department
of Laboratory Animal Science, Capital Medical
University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Ying Liang
- Department
of Nuclear Medicine, National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research
Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union
Medical College, Shenzhen 518116, China
| | - Zehui Wu
- Beijing
Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry
of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain
Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
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Su Q, Zhang Y, Zhu S. Site-specific albumin tagging with chloride-containing near-infrared cyanine dyes: molecular engineering, mechanism, and imaging applications. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:13125-13138. [PMID: 37850230 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc04200f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Near-infrared dyes, particularly cyanine dyes, have shown great potential in biomedical imaging due to their deep tissue penetration, high resolution, and minimal tissue autofluorescence/scattering. These dyes can be adjusted in terms of absorption and emission wavelengths by modifying their chemical structures. The current issues with cyanine dyes include aggregation-induced quenching, poor photostability, and short in vivo circulation time. Encapsulating cyanine dyes with albumin, whether exogenous or endogenous, has been proven to be an effective strategy for improving their brightness and pharmacokinetics. In detail, the chloride-containing (Cl-containing) cyanine dyes have been found to selectively bind to albumin to achieve site-specific albumin tagging, resulting in enhanced optical properties and improved biosafety. This feature article provides an overview of the progress in the covalent binding of Cl-containing cyanine dyes with albumin, including molecular engineering methods, binding sites, and the selective binding mechanism. The improved optical properties of cyanine dyes and albumin complexes have led to cutting-edge applications in biological imaging, such as tumor imaging (diagnostics) and imaging-guided surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Su
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Center for Supramolecular Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China.
| | - Yuewei Zhang
- Joint Laboratory of Opto-Functional Theranostics in Medicine and Chemistry, First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P. R. China.
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, Jilin 132022, P. R. China
| | - Shoujun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Center for Supramolecular Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China.
- Joint Laboratory of Opto-Functional Theranostics in Medicine and Chemistry, First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P. R. China.
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Echavidre W, Fagret D, Faraggi M, Picco V, Montemagno C. Recent Pre-Clinical Advancements in Nuclear Medicine: Pioneering the Path to a Limitless Future. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4839. [PMID: 37835533 PMCID: PMC10572076 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15194839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The theranostic approach in oncology holds significant importance in personalized medicine and stands as an exciting field of molecular medicine. Significant achievements have been made in this field in recent decades, particularly in treating neuroendocrine tumors using 177-Lu-radiolabeled somatostatin analogs and, more recently, in addressing prostate cancer through prostate-specific-membrane-antigen targeted radionuclide therapy. The promising clinical results obtained in these indications paved the way for the further development of this approach. With the continuous discovery of new molecular players in tumorigenesis, the development of novel radiopharmaceuticals, and the potential combination of theranostics agents with immunotherapy, nuclear medicine is poised for significant advancements. The strategy of theranostics in oncology can be categorized into (1) repurposing nuclear medicine agents for other indications, (2) improving existing radiopharmaceuticals, and (3) developing new theranostics agents for tumor-specific antigens. In this review, we provide an overview of theranostic development and shed light on its potential integration into combined treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Echavidre
- Biomedical Department, Centre Scientifique de Monaco, 98000 Monaco, Monaco; (W.E.); (V.P.)
| | - Daniel Fagret
- Laboratory of Bioclinical Radiopharmaceutics, Universite Grenoble Alpes, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, 38000 Grenoble, France;
| | - Marc Faraggi
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Centre Hospitalier Princesse Grace, 98000 Monaco, Monaco;
| | - Vincent Picco
- Biomedical Department, Centre Scientifique de Monaco, 98000 Monaco, Monaco; (W.E.); (V.P.)
| | - Christopher Montemagno
- Biomedical Department, Centre Scientifique de Monaco, 98000 Monaco, Monaco; (W.E.); (V.P.)
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Pang Y, Zhao L, Fang J, Chen J, Meng L, Sun L, Wu H, Guo Z, Lin Q, Chen H. Development of FAPI Tetramers to Improve Tumor Uptake and Efficacy of FAPI Radioligand Therapy. J Nucl Med 2023; 64:1449-1455. [PMID: 37321827 PMCID: PMC10478824 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.123.265599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiolabeled fibroblast activation protein (FAP) inhibitors (FAPIs) have shown promise as cancer diagnostic agents; however, the relatively short tumor retention of FAPIs may limit their application in radioligand therapy. In this paper, we report the design, synthesis, and evaluation of a FAPI tetramer. The aim of the study was to evaluate the tumor-targeting characteristics of radiolabeled FAPI multimers in vitro and in vivo, thereby providing information for the design of FAP-targeted radiopharmaceuticals based on the polyvalency principle. Methods: FAPI tetramers were synthesized on the basis of FAPI-46 and radiolabeled with 68Ga, 64Cu, and 177Lu. In vitro FAP-binding characteristics were identified using a competitive cell-binding experiment. To evaluate their pharmacokinetics, small-animal PET, SPECT, and ex vivo biodistribution analyses were performed on HT-1080-FAP and U87MG tumor-bearing mice. In addition, the 2 tumor xenografts received radioligand therapy with 177Lu-DOTA-4P(FAPI)4, and the antitumor efficacy of the 177Lu-FAPI tetramer was evaluated and compared with that of the 177Lu-FAPI dimer and monomer. Results: 68Ga-DOTA-4P(FAPI)4 and 177Lu-DOTA-4P(FAPI)4 were highly stable in phosphate-buffered saline and fetal bovine serum. The FAPI tetramer exhibited high FAP-binding affinity and specificity both in vitro and in vivo. 68Ga-, 64Cu-, and 177Lu-labeled FAPI tetramers exhibited higher tumor uptake, longer tumor retention, and slower clearance than FAPI dimers and FAPI-46 in HT-1080-FAP tumors. The uptake (percentage injected dose per gram) of 177Lu-DOTA-4P(FAPI)4, 177Lu-DOTA-2P(FAPI)2, and 177Lu-FAPI-46 in HT-1080-FAP tumors at 24 h was 21.4 ± 1.7, 17.1 ± 3.9, and 3.4 ± 0.7, respectively. Moreover, 68Ga-DOTA-4P(FAPI)4 uptake in U87MG tumors was approximately 2-fold the uptake of 68Ga-DOTA-2P(FAPI)2 (SUVmean, 0.72 ± 0.02 vs. 0.42 ± 0.03, P < 0.001) and more than 4-fold the uptake of 68Ga-FAPI-46 (0.16 ± 0.01, P < 0.001). In the radioligand therapy study, remarkable tumor suppression was observed with the 177Lu-FAPI tetramer in both HT-1080-FAP and U87MG tumor-bearing mice. Conclusion: The satisfactory FAP-binding affinity and specificity, as well as the favorable in vivo pharmacokinetics of the FAPI tetramer, make it a promising radiopharmaceutical for theranostic applications. Improved tumor uptake and prolonged retention of the 177Lu-FAPI tetramer resulted in excellent characteristics for FAPI imaging and radioligand therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhen Pang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Minnan PET Center, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Xiamen Cancer Center, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Minnan PET Center, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Xiamen Cancer Center, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Departments of Diagnostic Radiology, Surgery, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Biomedical Engineering, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Centre for Translational Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; and
| | - Jianyang Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics and Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jianhao Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Minnan PET Center, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Xiamen Cancer Center, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Lingxin Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics and Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Long Sun
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Minnan PET Center, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Hua Wu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Minnan PET Center, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zhide Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics and Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Qin Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Xiamen Cancer Center, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China;
| | - Haojun Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Minnan PET Center, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China;
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Xu M, Chen J, Zhang P, Cai J, Song H, Li Z, Liu Z. An antibody-radionuclide conjugate targets fibroblast activation protein for cancer therapy. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2023; 50:3214-3224. [PMID: 37318538 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-023-06300-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Fibroblast activation protein is one of the most attractive targets for tumor diagnosis and therapy. There have been many successful clinical translations with small molecules and peptides, yet only a few anti-FAP antibody diagnostic or therapeutic agents have been reported. Antibodies often feature good tumor selectivity and long tumor retention, which may be a better-match with therapeutic radionuclides (e.g.,177Lu, 225Ac) for cancer therapy. Here we report a 177Lu-labeled anti-FAP antibody, PKU525, as a therapeutic radiopharmaceutical for FAP-targeted radiotherapy. METHODS The anti-FAP antibody is produced as a derivative of sibrotuzumab. The pharmacokinetics and blocking study are performed with 89Zr-labeled antibody by PET imaging. The conjugation strategies have been screened and tested with SPECT imaging through 177Lu-labeling. The biodistribution and radiotherapy studies are performed on 177Lu-labeled anti-FAP antibody in NU/NU mice-bearing HT-1080-FAP tumors. RESULTS A multiple time-point PET imaging study shows that the tumor accumulation of [89Zr]Zr-DFO-PKU525 is intense, selective, and relatively rapid. The time activity curve indicates that the tumor uptake continually increases until reaches the highest uptake (SUVmax = 18.4 ± 2.3, n = 4) at 192 h, then gradually declines. Radioactivity rapidly cleared from the blood, liver, and other major organs, resulting in high tumor-to-background ratios. An in vivo blocking experiment suggests that [89Zr]Zr-DFO-PKU525 is FAP-specific and the uptake in FAP-negative tumors is almost negligible. Ex vivo biodistribution study shows that the tumor uptake of [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-NCS-PKU525 is 23.04 ± 5.11% ID/g, 33.2 ± 6.36% ID/g, 19.87 ± 6.84% ID/g and 19.02 ± 5.90% ID/g at 24 h, 96 h, 168 h, and 240 h after injection (n = 5), which is corroborated with the PET imaging. In therapeutic assays, multiple doses of [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-NCS-PKU525 have been tested in tumor-bearing mice, and the data suggests that 3.7 MBq may be sufficient to completely suppress the tumor growth in mice without showing observable side effects. CONCLUSION A FAP-targeted antibody-radionuclide conjugate was developed and evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Its tumor accumulation is rapid and high with a clean background. It remarkably suppresses the tumors in mice while the side effect is almost negligible, showing that it is promising for further clinical translational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxin Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Radiochemistry and Radiation Chemistry Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Junyi Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Radiochemistry and Radiation Chemistry Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Pu Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Radiochemistry and Radiation Chemistry Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jie Cai
- Boomray Pharmaceuticals (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Hanbo Song
- Changping Laboratory, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Zhu Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education/Beijing), NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals (National Medical Products Administration), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China.
| | - Zhibo Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Radiochemistry and Radiation Chemistry Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
- Changping Laboratory, Beijing, 102206, China.
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education/Beijing), NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals (National Medical Products Administration), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China.
- Peking University-Tsinghua University Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, 100871, China.
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15
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Olkowski C, Fernandes B, Griffiths GL, Lin F, Choyke PL. Preclinical Imaging of Prostate Cancer. Semin Nucl Med 2023; 53:644-662. [PMID: 36882335 PMCID: PMC10440231 DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2023.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer remains a major cause of mortality and morbidity, affecting millions of men, with a large percentage expected to develop the disease as they reach advanced ages. Treatment and management advances have been dramatic over the past 50 years or so, and one aspect of these improvements is reflected in the multiple advances in diagnostic imaging techniques. Much attention has been focused on molecular imaging techniques that offer high sensitivity and specificity and can now more accurately assess disease status and detect recurrence earlier. During development of molecular imaging probes, single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET) must be evaluated in preclinical models of the disease. If such agents are to be translated to the clinic, where patients undergoing these imaging modalities are injected with a molecular imaging probe, these agents must first be approved by the FDA and other regulatory agencies prior to their adoption in clinical practice. Scientists have worked assiduously to develop preclinical models of prostate cancer that are relevant to the human disease to enable testing of these probes and related targeted drugs. Challenges in developing reproducible and robust models of human disease in animals are beset with practical issues such as the lack of natural occurrence of prostate cancer in mature male animals, the difficulty of initiating disease in immune-competent animals and the sheer size differences between humans and conveniently smaller animals such as rodents. Thus, compromises in what is ideal and what can be achieved have had to be made. The workhorse of preclinical animal models has been, and remains, the investigation of human xenograft tumor models in athymic immunocompromised mice. Later models have used other immunocompromised models as they have been found and developed, including the use of directly derived patient tumor tissues, completely immunocompromised mice, orthotopic methods for inducing prostate cancer within the mouse prostate itself and metastatic models of advanced disease. These models have been developed in close parallel with advances in imaging agent chemistries, radionuclide developments, computer electronics advances, radiometric dosimetry, biotechnologies, organoid technologies, advances in in vitro diagnostics, and overall deeper understandings of disease initiation, development, immunology, and genetics. The combination of molecular models of prostatic disease with radiometric-based studies in small animals will always remain spatially limited due to the inherent resolution sensitivity limits of PET and SPECT decay processes, fundamentally set at around a 0.5 cm resolution limit. Nevertheless, it is central to researcher's efforts and to successful clinical translation that the best animal models are adopted, accepted, and scientifically verified as part of this truly interdisciplinary approach to addressing this important disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen Olkowski
- Molecular Imaging Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda MD
| | - Bruna Fernandes
- Molecular Imaging Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda MD
| | - Gary L Griffiths
- Clinical Research Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD
| | - Frank Lin
- Molecular Imaging Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda MD
| | - Peter L Choyke
- Molecular Imaging Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda MD.
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16
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Huang J, Fu L, Zhang X, Huang S, Dong Y, Hu K, Han Y, Zhou K, Min C, Huang Y, Tang G. Noninvasive imaging of FAP expression using positron emission tomography: A comparative evaluation of a [ 18F]-labeled glycopeptide-containing FAPI with [ 18F]FAPI-42. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2023; 50:3363-3374. [PMID: 37266596 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-023-06282-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Research on fibroblast activating protein (FAP)-targeting inhibitor (FAPI) has become an important focus for cancer imaging and radiotherapy. Quinoline-based tracers [68 Ga]FAPI-04 and [18F]FAPI-42 have been widely used for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of most tumors. However, there exist some limitations of these tracers with high uptake in biliary duct system and unstable uptake in pancreas, unsuitable for abdominal tumors PET imaging. Here we developed a [18F]-labeled glycopeptide-containing FAPI tracer (named [18F]FAPT) for PET imaging of FAP in cancers. METHODS [18F]FAPT was synthesized manually and automatically. The competitive binding to FAP, cellular internalization, and efflux characteristics were examined in vitro using A549-FAP cells. Dynamic MicroPET and biodistribution studies of [18F]FAPT were then conducted in A549-FAP and U87MG xenograft tumor mouse models compared with [18F]FAPI-42. Five healthy volunteers and three patients with cancer underwent [18F]FAPT PET/CT. RESULTS Preclinical and clinical studies showed specific binding of [18F]FAPT to FAP and favorable pharmacokinetic properties with better hydrophilicity, lower uptake in biliary duct system, higher tumor uptake and longer tumor retention compared with [18F]FAPI-42. The biodistribution of [18F]FAPT in healthy volunteers and patients with cancer displayed low uptake in most normal tissues except for pancreas, thyroid and salivary gland, which could contribute to high tumor-to-background ratios in most cancers. CONCLUSION [18F]FAPT is better PET tracer than [18F]FAPI-42 for imaging of biliary duct system cancer, potentially providing a tool to examine FAP expression in most cancers with high tumor-to-background ratios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Huang
- GDMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Control and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals, PET Center and Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - LiLan Fu
- GDMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Control and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals, PET Center and Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - XiaoJun Zhang
- GDMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Control and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals, PET Center and Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Shun Huang
- GDMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Control and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals, PET Center and Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Ye Dong
- GDMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Control and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals, PET Center and Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Kongzhen Hu
- GDMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Control and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals, PET Center and Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - YanJiang Han
- GDMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Control and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals, PET Center and Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Kemin Zhou
- GDMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Control and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals, PET Center and Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Cao Min
- GDMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Control and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals, PET Center and Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - YanChao Huang
- GDMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Control and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals, PET Center and Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Ganghua Tang
- GDMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Control and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals, PET Center and Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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17
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Song L, Zan C, Liang Z, Chen X, Li J, Ren N, Shi Y, Zhang M, Lan L, Li H, Yan M, Li J, Li S, Wu Z. Potential Value of FAPI PET/CT in the Detection and Treatment of Fibrosing Mediastinitis: Preclinical and Pilot Clinical Investigation. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:4307-4318. [PMID: 37486106 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Fibrosing mediastinitis (FM) is a rare proliferative disease within the mediastinum that leads to pulmonary hypertension, which has been regarded as a major cause of death. This study aims to evaluate the potential value of fibroblast activation protein inhibitor (FAPI)-PET/CT in the integration of diagnosis and treatment of FM through targeting FAPI in fibrosis rats and provide a theoretical basis for clinical management of FM patients. By performing a 18F-FAPI PET/CT scan, the presence of FAPI-avid in the fibrotic lesion was determined. Through a fibrosis rat model, 18F-FAPI-74 was used for lesion imaging and 177Lu-FAPI-46 was utilized to investigate the potential therapeutic effect on FM in vivo. In addition, biodistribution analysis and radiation dosimetry were carried out. With the 177Lu-FAPI-46 pharmacokinetic data of rats as the input, the estimated dose for female adults was computed, which can provide some useful information for the safe application of radiolabeled FAPI in the detection and treatment of FM in patients. Then, major findings on the use of FAPI PET/CT and SPECT/CT in FM were presented. 18F-FAPI-74 showed a high-level uptake in FM lesions of patients (SUVmax 7.94 ± 0.26), which was also observed in fibrosis rats (SUVmax 2.11 ± 0.23). Consistently, SPECT/CT imaging of fibrosis rats also revealed that 177Lu-FAPI-46-avid was active for up to 60 h in fibrotic lesions. In addition to this robust diagnostic performance, a possible therapeutic impact was evaluated as well. It turned out that no spontaneous healing of lesions was observed in the control group, whereas there was complete healing on day 9, day 11, and day 14 in the 30, 100, and 300 MBq groups, respectively. With a significant difference in the free of event rate in the Kaplan-Meier curve among four groups (P < 0.001), a dose of 300 MBq displayed the best therapeutic effect, and no obvious damage was observed in the kidney. Furthermore, organ-absorbed doses and an effective dose (0.4320 mSv/MBq) of 177Lu-FAPI-46 presumed for patients were assumed to give a preliminary indication of its safe use in clinical practice. In conclusion, 18F-FAPI-46 PET/CT can be a potentially valuable tool for the diagnosis of FM. Of note, 177Lu-FAPI-46 may be a novel and safe radiolabeled reagent for the integration of diagnosis and treatment of FM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Song
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
- Department of General Practice, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Chunfang Zan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Molecular Imaging of Precision Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Zhuang Liang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Xufu Chen
- CAEA Center of Excellence on Nuclear Technology Applications for Nonclinical Evaluation for Radiopharmaceutical, Taiyuan 030001, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Drug Toxicology and Drug for Radiation Injury, China Institute for Radiation Protection, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Jiahe Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Ning Ren
- Department of General Surgery, The Fifth People's Hospital of Datong, Datong 037006, China
| | - Yiwei Shi
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Mengyuan Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Lizhen Lan
- Department of General Practice, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Huiling Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Min Yan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Jianguo Li
- CAEA Center of Excellence on Nuclear Technology Applications for Nonclinical Evaluation for Radiopharmaceutical, Taiyuan 030001, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Drug Toxicology and Drug for Radiation Injury, China Institute for Radiation Protection, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Sijin Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Molecular Imaging of Precision Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Zhifang Wu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Molecular Imaging of Precision Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
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Millul J, Koepke L, Haridas GR, Sparrer KMJ, Mansi R, Fani M. Head-to-head comparison of different classes of FAP radioligands designed to increase tumor residence time: monomer, dimer, albumin binders, and small molecules vs peptides. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2023; 50:3050-3061. [PMID: 37261473 PMCID: PMC10382406 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-023-06272-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Fibroblast activation protein-α (FAP)-targeting radioligands have recently demonstrated high diagnostic potential. However, their therapeutic value is impaired by the short tumor residence time. Several strategies have been tested to overcome this limitation, but a head-to-head comparison has never been done. With the aim to identify strengths and limitations of the suggested strategies, we compared the monomer FAPI-46 versus (a) its dimer (FAPI-46-F1D), (b) two albumin binders conjugates (FAPI-46-Ibu (ibuprofen) and FAPI-46-EB (Evans Blue)), and (c) cyclic peptide FAP-2286. METHODS 177Lu-labeled ligands were evaluated in vitro in cell lines with low (HT-1080.hFAP) and high (HEK-293.hFAP) humanFAP expression. SPECT/CT imaging and biodistribution studies were conducted in HT-1080.hFAP and HEK-293.hFAP xenografts. The areas under the curve (AUC) of the tumor uptake and tumor-to-critical-organs ratios and the absorbed doses were estimated. RESULTS Radioligands showed IC50 in the picomolar range. Striking differences were observed in vivo regarding tumor uptake, residence, specificity, and total body distribution. All [177Lu]Lu-FAPI-46-based radioligands showed similar uptake between the two tumor models. [177Lu]Lu-FAP-2286 showed higher uptake in HEK-293.hFAP and the least background. The AUC of the tumor uptake and absorbed dose was higher for [177Lu]Lu-FAPI-46-F1D and the two albumin binder conjugates, [177Lu]Lu-FAPI-46-Ibu and [177Lu]Lu-FAPI-46-EB, in HT1080.hFAP xenografts and for [177Lu]Lu-FAPI-46-EB and [177Lu]Lu-FAP-2286 in HEK293.hFAP xenografts. The tumor-to-critical-organs AUC values and the absorbed doses were in favor of [177Lu]Lu-FAP-2286, but tumor-to-kidneys. CONCLUSION The study indicated dimerization and cyclic peptide structures as promising strategies for prolonging tumor residence time, sparing healthy tissues. Albumin binding strategy outcome depended on the albumin binding moiety. The peptide showed advantages in terms of tumor-to-background ratios, besides tumor-to-kidneys, but its tumor uptake was FAP expression-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Millul
- Division of Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lennart Koepke
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | | | | | - Rosalba Mansi
- Division of Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Melpomeni Fani
- Division of Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
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Chakravarty R, Song W, Chakraborty S, Cai W. Fibroblast activation protein (FAP)-targeted radionuclide therapy: which ligand is the best? Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2023; 50:2935-2939. [PMID: 37452872 PMCID: PMC10428190 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-023-06338-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rubel Chakravarty
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Wenyu Song
- Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Sudipta Chakraborty
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Weibo Cai
- Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, USA
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20
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Yang T, Peng L, Qiu J, He X, Zhang D, Wu R, Liu J, Zhang X, Zha Z. A radiohybrid theranostics ligand labeled with fluorine-18 and lutetium-177 for fibroblast activation protein-targeted imaging and radionuclide therapy. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2023; 50:2331-2341. [PMID: 36864362 PMCID: PMC10250256 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-023-06169-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE A series of radiotracers targeting fibroblast activation protein (FAP) with great pharmacokinetics have been developed for cancer diagnosis and therapy. Nevertheless, the use of dominant PET tracers, gallium-68-labeled FAPI derivatives, was limited by the short nuclide half-life and production scale, and the therapeutic tracers exhibited rapid clearance and insufficient tumor retention. In this study, we developed a FAP targeting ligand, LuFL, containing organosilicon-based fluoride acceptor (SiFA) and DOTAGA chelator, capable of labeling fluorine-18 and lutetium-177 in one molecular with simple and highly efficient labeling procedure, to achieve cancer theranostics. METHODS The precursor LuFL (20) and [natLu]Lu-LuFL (21) were successfully synthesized and labeled with fluorine-18 and lutetium-177 using a simple procedure. A series of cellular assays were performed to characterize the binding affinity and FAP specificity. PET imaging, SPECT imaging, and biodistribution studies were conducted to evaluate pharmacokinetics in HT-1080-FAP tumor-bearing nude mice. A comparison study of [177Lu]Lu-LuFL ([177Lu]21) and [177Lu]Lu-FAPI-04 was carried out in HT-1080-FAP xenografts to determine the cancer therapeutic efficacy. RESULTS LuFL (20) and [natLu]Lu-LuFL (21) demonstrated excellent binding affinity towards FAP (IC50: 2.29 ± 1.12 nM and 2.53 ± 1.87 nM), compared to that of FAPI-04 (IC50: 6.69 ± 0.88 nM). In vitro cellular studies showed that 18F-/177Lu-labeled 21 displayed high specific uptake and internalization in HT-1080-FAP cells. Micro-PET, SPECT imaging and biodistribution studies with [18F]/[177Lu]21 revealed higher tumor uptake and longer tumor retention than those of [68 Ga]/[177Lu]Ga/Lu-FAPI-04. The radionuclide therapy studies showed significantly greater inhibition of tumor growth for the [177Lu]21 group, than for the control group and the [177Lu]Lu-FAPI-04 group. CONCLUSION The novel FAPI-based radiotracer containing SiFA and DOTAGA was developed as a theranostics radiopharmaceutical with simple and short labeling process, and showed promising properties including higher cellular uptake, better FAP binding affinity, higher tumor uptake and prolong retention compared to FAPI-04. Preliminary experiments with 18F- and 177Lu-labeled 21 showed promising tumor imaging properties and favorable anti-tumor efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianhong Yang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, #58 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Lei Peng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, #58 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jia Qiu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, #58 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xingjin He
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, #58 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Dake Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, #58 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Renbo Wu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, #58 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jianbo Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, #58 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiangsong Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, #58 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Zhihao Zha
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, #58 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong Province, China.
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Liu Y, Tang H, Song T, Xu M, Chen J, Cui XY, Han Y, Li Z, Liu Z. Organotrifluoroborate enhances tumor targeting of fibroblast activation protein inhibitors for targeted radionuclide therapy. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2023; 50:2636-2646. [PMID: 37103565 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-023-06230-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Fibroblast activation protein (FAP) is a pan-cancer target and now the state-of-the-art to develop radiopharmaceuticals. FAP inhibitors have been of great success in developing imaging tracers. Yet, the overly rapid clearance cannot match with the long half-lives of regular therapeutic radionuclides. Though strategies that aim to elongate the circulation of FAPIs are being developed, here we describe an innovation that uses α-emitters of short half-lives (e.g., 213Bi) to pair the rapid pharmacokinetics of FAPIs. METHODS An organotrifluoroborate linker is engineered to FAPIs to give two advantages: (1) selectively increases tumor uptake and retention; (2) facile 18F-radiolabeling for positron emission tomography to guide radiotherapy with α-emitters, which can hardly be traced in general. RESULTS The organotrifluoroborate linker helps to improve the internalization in cancer cells, resulting in notably higher tumor uptake while the background is clean. In FAP-expressed tumor-bearing mice, this FAPI labeled with 213Bi, a short half-life α-emitter, exhibits almost complete suppression to tumor growth while the side effect is negligible. Additional data shows that this strategy is generally applicable to guide other α-emitters, such as 212Bi, 212Pb, and 149Tb. CONCLUSION The organotrifluoroborate linker may be of importance to optimize FAP-targeted radiopharmaceuticals, and the short half-lived α-emitters may be of choice for the rapid-cleared small molecule-based radiopharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Haocheng Tang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Radiochemistry and Radiation Chemistry Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Tianchi Song
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Radiochemistry and Radiation Chemistry Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Mengxin Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Radiochemistry and Radiation Chemistry Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Junyi Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Radiochemistry and Radiation Chemistry Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xi-Yang Cui
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Radiochemistry and Radiation Chemistry Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Changping Laboratory, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Yuxiang Han
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Radiochemistry and Radiation Chemistry Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Zhu Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Zhibo Liu
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Radiochemistry and Radiation Chemistry Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
- Changping Laboratory, Beijing, 102206, China.
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Lepareur N, Ramée B, Mougin-Degraef M, Bourgeois M. Clinical Advances and Perspectives in Targeted Radionuclide Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1733. [PMID: 37376181 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15061733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeted radionuclide therapy has become increasingly prominent as a nuclear medicine subspecialty. For many decades, treatment with radionuclides has been mainly restricted to the use of iodine-131 in thyroid disorders. Currently, radiopharmaceuticals, consisting of a radionuclide coupled to a vector that binds to a desired biological target with high specificity, are being developed. The objective is to be as selective as possible at the tumor level, while limiting the dose received at the healthy tissue level. In recent years, a better understanding of molecular mechanisms of cancer, as well as the appearance of innovative targeting agents (antibodies, peptides, and small molecules) and the availability of new radioisotopes, have enabled considerable advances in the field of vectorized internal radiotherapy with a better therapeutic efficacy, radiation safety and personalized treatments. For instance, targeting the tumor microenvironment, instead of the cancer cells, now appears particularly attractive. Several radiopharmaceuticals for therapeutic targeting have shown clinical value in several types of tumors and have been or will soon be approved and authorized for clinical use. Following their clinical and commercial success, research in that domain is particularly growing, with the clinical pipeline appearing as a promising target. This review aims to provide an overview of current research on targeting radionuclide therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Lepareur
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Eugène Marquis, 35000 Rennes, France
- Inserm, INRAE, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition, Métabolismes et Cancer)-UMR 1317, Univ Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Barthélémy Ramée
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Nantes University Hospital, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - Marie Mougin-Degraef
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Nantes University Hospital, 44000 Nantes, France
- Inserm, CNRS, CRCI2NA (Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie et Immunologie Intégrée Nantes-Angers)-UMR 1307, Université de Nantes, ERL 6001, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - Mickaël Bourgeois
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Nantes University Hospital, 44000 Nantes, France
- Inserm, CNRS, CRCI2NA (Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie et Immunologie Intégrée Nantes-Angers)-UMR 1307, Université de Nantes, ERL 6001, 44000 Nantes, France
- Groupement d'Intérêt Public ARRONAX, 1 Rue Aronnax, 44817 Saint Herblain, France
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Chandekar KR, Prashanth A, Vinjamuri S, Kumar R. FAPI PET/CT Imaging-An Updated Review. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:2018. [PMID: 37370912 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13122018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite revolutionizing the field of oncological imaging, Positron Emission Tomography (PET) with [18F]Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) as its workhorse is limited by a lack of specificity and low sensitivity in certain tumor subtypes. Fibroblast activation protein (FAP), a type II transmembrane glycoprotein, is expressed by cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) that form a major component of the tumor stroma. FAP holds the promise to be a pan-cancer target, owing to its selective over-expression in a vast majority of neoplasms, particularly epithelial cancers. Several radiolabeled FAP inhibitors (FAPI) have been developed for molecular imaging and potential theranostic applications. Preliminary data on FAPI PET/CT remains encouraging, with extensive multi-disciplinary clinical research currently underway. This review summarizes the existing literature on FAPI PET/CT imaging with an emphasis on diagnostic applications, comparison with FDG, pitfalls, and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunal Ramesh Chandekar
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Arun Prashanth
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, MIOT International Hospital, Chennai 600089, India
| | - Sobhan Vinjamuri
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospital, Liverpool L7-8YE, UK
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
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Privé BM, Boussihmad MA, Timmermans B, van Gemert WA, Peters SMB, Derks YHW, van Lith SAM, Mehra N, Nagarajah J, Heskamp S, Westdorp H. Fibroblast activation protein-targeted radionuclide therapy: background, opportunities, and challenges of first (pre)clinical studies. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2023; 50:1906-1918. [PMID: 36813980 PMCID: PMC10199876 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-023-06144-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Fibroblast activation protein (FAP) is highly overexpressed in stromal tissue of various cancers. While FAP has been recognized as a potential diagnostic or therapeutic cancer target for decades, the surge of radiolabeled FAP-targeting molecules has the potential to revolutionize its perspective. It is presently hypothesized that FAP targeted radioligand therapy (TRT) may become a novel treatment for various types of cancer. To date, several preclinical and case series have been reported on FAP TRT using varying compounds and showing effective and tolerant results in advanced cancer patients. Here, we review the current (pre)clinical data on FAP TRT and discuss its perspective towards broader clinical implementation. METHODS: A PubMed search was performed to identify all FAP tracers used for TRT. Both preclinical and clinical studies were included if they reported on dosimetry, treatment response or adverse events. The last search was performed on July 22 2022. In addition, a database search was performed on clinical trial registries (date 15th of July 2022) to search for prospective trials on FAP TRT. RESULTS In total, 35 papers were identified that were related to FAP TRT. This resulted in the inclusion of the following tracers for review: FAPI-04, FAPI-46, FAP-2286, SA.FAP, ND-bisFAPI, PNT6555, TEFAPI-06/07, FAPI-C12/C16, and FSDD. CONCLUSION To date, data was reported on more than 100 patients that were treated with different FAP targeted radionuclide therapies such as [177Lu]Lu-FAPI-04, [90Y]Y-FAPI-46, [177Lu]Lu-FAP-2286, [177Lu]Lu-DOTA.SA.FAPI and [177Lu]Lu-DOTAGA.(SA.FAPi)2. In these studies, FAP targeted radionuclide therapy has resulted in objective responses in difficult to treat end stage cancer patients with manageable adverse events. Although no prospective data is yet available, these early data encourages further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastiaan M Privé
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, PO Box 9101, Radboudumc, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Mohamed A Boussihmad
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, PO Box 9101, Radboudumc, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Bart Timmermans
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, PO Box 9101, Radboudumc, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Willemijn A van Gemert
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, PO Box 9101, Radboudumc, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Steffie M B Peters
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, PO Box 9101, Radboudumc, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Yvonne H W Derks
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, PO Box 9101, Radboudumc, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Sanne A M van Lith
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, PO Box 9101, Radboudumc, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Niven Mehra
- Department of Medical Oncology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - James Nagarajah
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, PO Box 9101, Radboudumc, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Sandra Heskamp
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, PO Box 9101, Radboudumc, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Harm Westdorp
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, PO Box 9101, Radboudumc, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Oncology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Jian HR, Niu WH, Xu ZS, Zhu JX, Pan X, Zhang YR, Lei P, Huang FQ, He Y. Establishment of FAP-overexpressing Cells for FAP-targeted Theranostics. Curr Med Sci 2023:10.1007/s11596-023-2740-7. [PMID: 37222958 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-023-2740-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Fibroblast activation protein (FAP) has been widely studied and exploited for its clinical applications. One of the difficulties in interpreting reports of FAP-targeted theranostics is due to the lack of accurate controls, making the results less specific and less confirmative. This study aimed to establish a pair of cell lines, in which one highly expresses FAP (HT1080-hFAP) and the other has no detectable FAP (HT1080-vec) as control, to accurately evaluate the specificity of the FAP-targeted theranostics in vitro and in vivo. METHODS The cell lines of the experimental group (HT1080-hFAP) and no-load group (HT1080-vec) were obtained by molecular construction of the recombinant plasmid pIRES-hFAP. The expression of hFAP in HT1080 cells was detected by PCR, Western blotting and flow cytometry. CCK-8, Matrigel transwell invasion assay, scratch test, flow cytometry and immunofluorescence were used to verify the physiological function of FAP. The activities of human dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP) and human endopeptidase (EP) were detected by ELISA in HT1080-hFAP cells. PET imaging was performed in bilateral tumor-bearing nude mice models to evaluate the specificity of FAP. RESULTS RT-PCR and Western blotting demonstrated the mRNA and protein expression of hFAP in HT1080-hFAP cells but not in HT1080-vec cells. Flow cytometry confirmed that nearly 95% of the HT1080-hFAP cells were FAP positive. The engineered hFAP on HT1080 cells had its ability to retain enzymatic activities and a variety of biological functions, including internalization, proliferation-, migration-, and invasion-promoting activities. The HT1080-hFAP xenografted tumors in nude mice bound and took up 68GA-FAPI-04 with superior selectivity. High image contrast and tumor-organ ratio were obtained by PET imaging. The HT1080-hFAP tumor retained the radiotracer for at least 60 min. CONCLUSION This pair of HT1080 cell lines was successfully established, making it feasible for accurate evaluation and visualization of therapeutic and diagnostic agents targeting the hFAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Ru Jian
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430062, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434000, China
| | - Wen-Hao Niu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Zhuo-Shuo Xu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jia-Xu Zhu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Xin Pan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Yi-Rui Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ping Lei
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Fa-Qing Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434000, China.
| | - Yong He
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430062, China.
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DiMagno SG, Babich JW. Advanced Fibroblast Activation Protein-Ligand Developments: FAP Imaging Agents: A Review of the Structural Requirements. PET Clin 2023:S1556-8598(23)00028-7. [PMID: 37117123 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpet.2023.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Fibroblast activation protein-α (FAP) has attracted increasing attention as a selective marker of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and more broadly, of activated fibroblasts in tissues undergoing remodeling of their ECM due to chronic inflammation, fibrosis, or wound healing. Since FAP is critical to the initiation of metastatic growth, its expression will serve as a molecular marker to detect tumors at an earlier stage of development compared to currently available methods. The design of high affinity small molecule FAP inhibitor will allow for noninvasive imaging of activated fibroblast in cancer patients. Small molecule inhibitors of FAP are being developed for targeted radiotherapy of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen G DiMagno
- Ratio Therapeutics, Inc., One Design Center Place, Suite# 19-601, Boston, MA 02210, USA
| | - John W Babich
- Ratio Therapeutics, Inc., One Design Center Place, Suite# 19-601, Boston, MA 02210, USA.
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Bendre S, Zhang Z, Colpo N, Zeisler J, Wong AAWL, Bénard F, Lin KS. Synthesis and Evaluation of 68Ga-Labeled (2 S,4 S)-4-Fluoropyrrolidine-2-Carbonitrile and (4 R)-Thiazolidine-4-Carbonitrile Derivatives as Novel Fibroblast Activation Protein-Targeted PET Tracers for Cancer Imaging. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28083481. [PMID: 37110717 PMCID: PMC10145249 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast activation protein α (FAP-α) is a cell-surface protein overexpressed on cancer-associated fibroblasts that constitute a substantial component of tumor stroma and drive tumorigenesis. FAP is minimally expressed by most healthy tissues, including normal fibroblasts. This makes it a promising pan-cancer diagnostic and therapeutic target. In the present study, we synthesized two novel tracers, [68Ga]Ga-SB03045 and [68Ga]Ga-SB03058, bearing a (2S,4S)-4-fluoropyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile or a (4R)-thiazolidine-4-carbonitrile pharmacophore, respectively. [68Ga]Ga-SB03045 and [68Ga]Ga-SB03058 were evaluated for their FAP-targeting capabilities using substrate-based in vitro binding assays, and in PET/CT imaging and ex vivo biodistribution studies in an HEK293T:hFAP tumor xenograft mouse model. The IC50 values of natGa-SB03045 (1.59 ± 0.45 nM) and natGa-SB03058 (0.68 ± 0.09 nM) were found to be lower than those of the clinically validated natGa-FAPI-04 (4.11 ± 1.42 nM). Contrary to the results obtained in the FAP-binding assay, [68Ga]Ga-SB03058 demonstrated a ~1.5 fold lower tumor uptake than that of [68Ga]Ga-FAPI-04 (7.93 ± 1.33 vs. 11.90 ± 2.17 %ID/g), whereas [68Ga]Ga-SB03045 (11.8 ± 2.35 %ID/g) exhibited a tumor uptake comparable to that of [68Ga]Ga-FAPI-04. Thus, our data suggest that the (2S,4S)-4-fluoropyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile scaffold holds potential as a promising pharmacophore for the design of FAP-targeted radioligands for cancer diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreya Bendre
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Zhengxing Zhang
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Nadine Colpo
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Jutta Zeisler
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Antonio A W L Wong
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - François Bénard
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
- Department of Functional Imaging, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4E6, Canada
- Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Kuo-Shyan Lin
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
- Department of Functional Imaging, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4E6, Canada
- Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada
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Zhong X, Guo J, Han X, Wu W, Yang R, Zhang J, Shao G. Synthesis and Preclinical Evaluation of a Novel FAPI-04 Dimer for Cancer Theranostics. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:2402-2414. [PMID: 37015025 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
Overexpression of fibroblast activation protein (FAP) in cancer-associated fibroblasts in a wide variety of tumors enables a highly selective targeting strategy using FAP inhibitors (FAPIs). Quinoline-based FAPIs labeled with radionuclides have been widely developed for tumor-targeted nuclear medicine imaging. However, the short retention time of FAPIs at the tumor site limits their application in radionuclide therapy. In this study, a novel FAPI-04 dimer was synthesized and labeled with radionuclides to prolong the retention time in tumors for imaging and therapy. To prepare the FAPI-04 dimer complex, DOTA-Suc-Lys-(FAPI-04)2, we used Fmoc-Lys(Boc)-OH as the linker to conjugate two FAPI-04 structures by an amide reaction. The resulting product was further modified by DOTA groups to allow for conjugation with radioactive metals. Both [68Ga]Ga-(FAPI-04)2 and [177Lu]Lu-(FAPI-04)2 showed a radiochemical purity of >99% and remained stable in vitro. In vivo, micro-PET images of SKOV3, A431, and H1299 xenografts revealed that the tumor uptake of [68Ga]Ga-(FAPI-04)2 was about twice that of [68Ga]Ga-FAPI-04 and that the accumulation of [68Ga]Ga-(FAPI-04)2 at the tumor site did not significantly decrease even 3h after injection. The tumor-abdomen ratio of [68Ga]Ga-(FAPI-04)2 images was significantly higher than that of [18F]F-FDG images. For radionuclide therapy, [177Lu]Lu-(FAPI-04)2 effectively retarded tumor growth and displayed good tolerance. In conclusion, the DOTA-Suc-Lys-(FAPI-04)2 design enhanced its uptake in FAP-expressing tumors, improved its retention time at the tumor site, and produced high-contrast imaging in xenografts after radionuclide labeling. Furthermore, it showed a noticeable antitumor effect. DOTA-Suc-Lys-(FAPI-04)2 provides a new approach for applying FAPI derivatives in tumor theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Zhong
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210046, China
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou 225300, China
| | - Jingru Guo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiuping Han
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Nanjing Hospital, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Wenyu Wu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Nanjing Hospital, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Rui Yang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Nanjing Hospital, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210046, China
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou 225300, China
| | - Guoqiang Shao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Nanjing Hospital, Nanjing 210029, China
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Kaneda-Nakashima K, Shirakami Y, Kadonaga Y, Watabe T. Fibroblast Activation Protein Inhibitor Theranostics. PET Clin 2023:S1556-8598(23)00018-4. [PMID: 36997365 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpet.2023.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Fibroblast activation protein (FAP) was first reported in 1986. However, FAP is not expressed in normal fibroblasts, normal or malignant epithelial cells, or the stroma of benign epithelial tumors. FAP is a cell membrane-bound serine peptidase overexpressed on the surface of cancer-associated fibroblasts and, as such, is a novel target for molecular imaging of several tumors. FAP inhibitors (FAPI) are potential theranostic molecular probes for various cancers. A tumor model expressing FAP was used to verify or confirm the usefulness of FAPI experimentally.
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Abstract
Radiopharmaceutical therapy (RPT) has proven to be an effective cancer treatment with minimal toxicity. With several RPT agents approved by FDA, the remarkable potential of this therapy is now being recognized, and the anti-tumor immunity induced by RPT is beginning to be noticed. This review evaluates the potential of RPT for immune activation, including promoting the release of danger associated-molecular pattern molecules that recruit inflammatory cells into the tumor microenvironment, and activating antigen-presenting cells and cytotoxic T cells. We also discuss the progress of combining RPT with immunotherapy to increase efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Sun
- Peking University-Tsinghua University Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jiyuan Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Radiochemistry and Radiation Chemistry Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | | | - Zhibo Liu
- Peking University-Tsinghua University Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Radiochemistry and Radiation Chemistry Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China,Changping Laboratory, Beijing 102206, China,✉ Corresponding author: Zhibo Liu:
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Peltier A, Seban RD, Buvat I, Bidard FC, Mechta-Grigoriou F. Fibroblast heterogeneity in solid tumors: From single cell analysis to whole-body imaging. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:262-272. [PMID: 35489628 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts (CAFs) represent the most prominent component of the tumor microenvironment (TME). Recent studies demonstrated that CAF are heterogeneous and composed of different subpopulations exerting distinct functions in cancer. CAF populations differentially modulate various aspects of tumor growth, including cancer cell proliferation, extra-cellular matrix remodeling, metastatic dissemination, immunosuppression and resistance to treatment. Among other markers, the Fibroblast Activation Protein (FAP) led to the identification of a specific CAF subpopulation involved in metastatic spread and immunosuppression. Expression of FAP at the surface of CAF is detected in many different cancer types of poor prognosis. Thus, FAP recently appears as an appealing target for therapeutic and molecular imaging applications. In that context, 68Ga-labeled radiopharmaceutical-FAP-inhibitors (FAPI) have been recently developed and validated for quantitatively mapping FAP expression over the whole-body using Positron Emission Tomography (PET/CT). In this review, we describe the main current knowledge on CAF subpopulations and their distinct functions in solid tumors, as well as the promising diagnostic and therapeutic implications of radionuclides targeting FAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agathe Peltier
- Institut Curie, Stress and Cancer Laboratory, Equipe labélisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, PSL Research University, 26, rue d'Ulm, F-75248 Paris, France; Inserm, U830, 26, rue d'Ulm, Paris, F-75005 France
| | - Romain-David Seban
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Institut Curie Hospital Group, 35 rue Dailly, 92210 Saint-Cloud, France; Laboratoire d'Imagerie Translationnelle en Oncologie (LITO), U1288 Inserm, Institut Curie, Orsay, France
| | - Irène Buvat
- Laboratoire d'Imagerie Translationnelle en Oncologie (LITO), U1288 Inserm, Institut Curie, Orsay, France.
| | - François-Clément Bidard
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inserm CIC-BT 1428, Institut Curie, UVSQ/Paris Saclay University, Saint-Cloud, France.
| | - Fatima Mechta-Grigoriou
- Institut Curie, Stress and Cancer Laboratory, Equipe labélisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, PSL Research University, 26, rue d'Ulm, F-75248 Paris, France; Inserm, U830, 26, rue d'Ulm, Paris, F-75005 France.
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Sun J, Huangfu Z, Yang J, Wang G, Hu K, Gao M, Zhong Z. Imaging-guided targeted radionuclide tumor therapy: From concept to clinical translation. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 190:114538. [PMID: 36162696 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Since the first introduction of sodium iodide I-131 for use with thyroid patients almost 80 years ago, more than 50 radiopharmaceuticals have reached the markets for a wide range of diseases, especially cancers. The nuclear medicine paradigm also shifts from solely molecular imaging or radionuclide therapy to imaging-guided radionuclide therapy, which is deemed a vital component of precision cancer therapy and an emerging medical modality for personalized medicine. The imaging-guided radionuclide therapy highlights the systematic integration of targeted nuclear diagnostics and radionuclide therapeutics. Regarding this, nuclear imaging serves to "visualize" the lesions and guide the therapeutic strategy, followed by administration of a precise patient specific dose of radiotherapeutics for treatment according to the absorbed dose to different organs and tumors calculated by dosimetry tools, and finally repeated imaging to predict the prognosis. This strategy leads to significantly enhanced therapeutic efficacy, improved patient outcomes, and manageable adverse events. In this review, we provide an overview of imaging-guided targeted radionuclide therapy for different tumors such as advanced prostate cancer and neuroendocrine tumors, with a focus on development of new radioligands and their preclinical and clinical results, and further discuss about challenges and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Sun
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China; Biomedical Polymers Laboratory, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenyuan Huangfu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China; Biomedical Polymers Laboratory, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangtao Yang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China; Biomedical Polymers Laboratory, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanglin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection & School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China.
| | - Kuan Hu
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, Institute for Quantum Medical Sciences, Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan.
| | - Mingyuan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection & School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhong
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China; Biomedical Polymers Laboratory, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China.
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Cheng CS, Yang PW, Sun Y, Song SL, Chen Z. Fibroblast activation protein-based theranostics in pancreatic cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:969731. [PMID: 36263225 PMCID: PMC9574192 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.969731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast activation protein-α (FAP) is a type II transmembrane serine protease that has specific endopeptidase activity. Given its well-established selective expression in the activated stromal fibroblasts of epithelial cancers, although not in quiescent fibroblasts, FAP has received substantial research attention as a diagnostic marker and therapeutic target. Pancreatic cancer is characterized by an abundant fibrotic or desmoplastic stroma, leading to rapid progression, therapeutic resistance, and poor clinical outcomes. Numerous studies have revealed that the abundant expression of FAP in cancer cells, circulating tumor cells, stromal cells, and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) of pancreatic adenocarcinoma is implicated in diverse cancer-related signaling pathways, contributing to cancer progression, invasion, migration, metastasis, immunosuppression, and resistance to treatment. In this article, we aim to systematically review the recent advances in research on FAP in pancreatic adenocarcinoma, including its utility as a diagnostic marker, therapeutic potential, and correlation with prognosis. We also describe the functional role of FAP-overexpressing stromal cells, particulary CAFs, in tumor immuno- and metabolic microenvironments, and summarize the mechanisms underlying the contribution of FAP-overexpressing CAFs in pancreatic cancer progression and treatment resistance. Furthermore, we discuss whether targeting FAP-overexpressing CAFs could represent a potential therapeutic strategy and describe the development of FAP-targeted probes for diagnostic imaging. Finally, we assess the emerging basic and clinical studies regarding the bench-to-bedside translation of FAP in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-shan Cheng
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Pei-wen Yang
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Sun
- Department of Research and Development, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center, Fudan University Cancer Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Shao-li Song
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen Chen
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Zhen Chen,
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Jain A, Kumar A, Vasumathy R, Subramanian S, Sarma HD, Satpati D. Preparation of radiolabeled erlotinib analogues and analysis of the effect of linkers. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2022; 76:128995. [PMID: 36152732 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2022.128995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Erlotinib is a first generation epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) which was granted Food and Drug administration (FDA) approval for treatment of patients with locally advanced or metastatic NSCLC. The present study aimed at development of radiolabeled erlotinib variants as tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Three DOTA-erlotinib conjugates were prepared for radiolabeling with 177Lu. The terminal alkyne group of erlotinib was modified by performing Cu-catalyzed click chemistry and three different linkers were introduced which were then conjugated to the chelator, DOTA. The DOTA-erlotinib conjugates were characterized by 1H NMR and ESI-MS. 177Lu-DOTA-erlotinib complexes were characterized using natLu-DOTA-erlotinib conjugates. The 177Lu-complexes exhibited high in vitro stability in human serum up to 48 h. They were highly hydrophilic in nature as observed from their log Po/w values (177Lu-DOTA-propyl-Er: -2.5 ± 0.1; 177Lu-DOTA-PEG3-Er: -3.0 ± 0.1; 177Lu-DOTA-PEG6-Er: -3.3 ± 0.1). The MTT assay in A431 human epidermoid carcinoma cell lines indicates that the chemical modification at the terminal alkyne group of the erlotinib molecule does not have significant effect on its TKI property. Biodistribution studies in normal Swiss mice demonstrated fast clearance and excretion of 177Lu-labeled erlotinib complexes. These studies indicate that erlotinib variants with hydrophobic pharmacokinetic modifiers/chelators may enhance the retention of 177Lu-labeled complexes in blood thereby increasing the probability to reach EGFR-expressing tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akanksha Jain
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Anuj Kumar
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - R Vasumathy
- Radiation Biology & Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Suresh Subramanian
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - H D Sarma
- Radiation Biology & Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Drishty Satpati
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai 400094, India.
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35
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Ding J, Xu M, Chen J, Zhang P, Huo L, Kong Z, Liu Z. 86Y-Labeled Albumin-Binding Fibroblast Activation Protein Inhibitor for Late-Time-Point Cancer Diagnosis. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:3429-3438. [PMID: 35976352 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblast activation protein inhibitor (FAPI) is a novel quinoline-based radiopharmaceutical that has theranostic potential, yet the limited tumor retention hinders late-time diagnosis and radionuclide treatment. This study synthesized four albumin-binding FAPIs (TE-FAPI-01 to 04) and evaluated their in vitro stability, binding affinity, in vivo biodistribution, and tumor uptake with 68Ga, 86Y, and 177Lu labeling, aiming to select the best molecule that has favorable pharmacokinetics to extend the blood circulation and tumor uptake in FAP-expressing tumors. All TE-FAPIs were stable in saline and plasma and displayed high FAP-binding affinity, with IC50 values ranging from 3.96 to 34.9 nmol/L. The capabilities of TE-FAPIs to be retained in circulation were higher than that of FAPI-04, and TE-FAPI-04 displayed minimum physiological uptake in major organs compared with other molecules. TE-FAPI-03 and TE-FAPI-04 exhibited persistent tumor accumulation, with tumor radioactivity 24 h after administration of 2.84 ± 1.19%ID/g and 3.86 ± 1.15%ID/g for 177Lu-TE-FAPI-03 and 177Lu-TE-FAPI-04, respectively, both of which outperformed 177Lu-FAPI-04 (0.34 ± 0.07%ID/g). TE-FAPI-04 was recognized as the albumin-binding FAPI with the most favorable pharmacokinetics and imaging performance. The enhanced circulation half-life and tumor uptake of TE-FAPI-04 aided the theranostics of malignant tumors and warrant further clinical investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ding
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Mengxin Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Radiochemistry and Radiation Chemistry Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Junyi Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Radiochemistry and Radiation Chemistry Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Pu Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Radiochemistry and Radiation Chemistry Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Li Huo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Ziren Kong
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Zhibo Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Radiochemistry and Radiation Chemistry Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.,Peking University-Tsinghua University Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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Boinapally S, Lisok A, Lofland G, Minn I, Yan Y, Jiang Z, Shin MJ, Merino VF, Zheng L, Brayton C, Pomper MG, Banerjee SR. Hetero-bivalent agents targeting FAP and PSMA. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2022; 49:4369-4381. [PMID: 35965291 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-022-05933-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We developed a theranostic radiopharmaceutical that engages two key cell surface proteases, fibroblast activation protein alpha (FAP) and prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), each frequently overexpressed within the tumor microenvironment (TME). The latter is also expressed in most prostate tumor epithelium. To engage a broader spectrum of cancers for imaging and therapy, we conjugated small-molecule FAP and PSMA-targeting moieties using an optimized linker to provide 64Cu-labeled compounds. METHODS We synthesized FP-L1 and FP-L2 using two linker constructs attaching the FAP and PSMA-binding pharmacophores. We determined in vitro inhibition constants (Ki) for FAP and PSMA. Cell uptake assays and flow cytometry were conducted in human glioma (U87), melanoma (SK-MEL-24), prostate cancer (PSMA + PC3 PIP and PSMA - PC3 flu), and clear cell renal cell carcinoma lines (PSMA + /PSMA - 786-O). Quantitative positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) and tissue biodistribution studies were performed using U87, SK-MEL-24, PSMA + PC3 PIP, and PSMA + 786-O experimental xenograft models and the KPC genetically engineered mouse model of pancreatic cancer. RESULTS 64Cu-FP-L1 and 64Cu-FP-L2 were produced in high radiochemical yields (> 98%) and molar activities (> 19 MBq/nmol). Ki values were in the nanomolar range for both FAP and PSMA. PET imaging and biodistribution studies revealed high and specific targeting of 64Cu-FP-L1 and 64Cu-FP-L2 for FAP and PSMA. 64Cu-FP-L1 displayed more favorable pharmacokinetics than 64Cu-FP-L2. In the U87 tumor model at 2 h post-injection, tumor uptake of 64Cu-FP-L1 (10.83 ± 1.02%ID/g) was comparable to 64Cu-FAPI-04 (9.53 ± 2.55%ID/g). 64Cu-FP-L1 demonstrated high retention 5.34 ± 0.29%ID/g at 48 h in U87 tumor. Additionally, 64Cu-FP-L1 showed high retention in PSMA + PC3 PIP tumor (12.06 ± 0.78%ID/g at 2 h and 10.51 ± 1.82%ID/g at 24 h). CONCLUSIONS 64Cu-FP-L1 demonstrated high and specific tumor targeting of FAP and PSMA. This compound should enable imaging of lesions expressing FAP, PSMA, or both on the tumor cell surface or within the TME. FP-L1 can readily be converted into a theranostic for the management of heterogeneous tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srikanth Boinapally
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alla Lisok
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Gabriela Lofland
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Il Minn
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yu Yan
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Zirui Jiang
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Min Jay Shin
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Vanessa F Merino
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lei Zheng
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Cory Brayton
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Martin G Pomper
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Sangeeta Ray Banerjee
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Greifenstein L, Kramer CS, Moon ES, Rösch F, Klega A, Landvogt C, Müller C, Baum RP. From Automated Synthesis to In Vivo Application in Multiple Types of Cancer-Clinical Results with [ 68Ga]Ga-DATA 5m.SA.FAPi. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15081000. [PMID: 36015148 PMCID: PMC9415298 DOI: 10.3390/ph15081000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiolabeled FAPI (fibroblast activation protein inhibitors) recently gained attention as widely applicable imaging and potential therapeutic compounds targeting CAF (cancer-associated fibroblasts) or DAF (disease-associated fibroblasts in benign disorders). Moreover, the use of FAPI has distinct advantages compared to FDG (e.g., increased sensitivity in regions with high glucose metabolism, no need for fasting, and rapid imaging). In this study, we wanted to evaluate the radiochemical synthesis and the clinical properties of the new CAF-targeting tracer [68Ga]Ga-DATA5m.SA.FAPi. The compound consists of a (radio)chemically easy to use hybrid chelate DATA.SA, which can be labeled at low temperatures, making it an interesting molecule for 'instant kit-type' labeling, and a squaric acid moiety that provides distinct advantages for synthesis and radiolabeling. Our work demonstrates that automatic synthesis of the FAP inhibitor [68Ga]Ga-DATA5m.SA.FAPi is feasible and reproducible, providing convenient access to this new hybrid chelator-based tracer. Our studies demonstrated the diagnostic usability of [68Ga]Ga-DATA5m.SA.FAPi for the unambiguous detection of cancer-associated fibroblasts of various carcinomas and their metastases (NSCLC, liposarcoma, parotid tumors, prostate cancer, and pancreas adenocarcinoma), while physiological uptake in brain, liver, intestine, bone, and lungs was very low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Greifenstein
- CURANOSTICUM Wiesbaden-Frankfurt, Center for Advanced Radiomolecular Precision Oncology, 65191 Wiesbaden, Germany
- Correspondence: (L.G.); (R.P.B.)
| | - Carsten S. Kramer
- CURANOSTICUM Wiesbaden-Frankfurt, Center for Advanced Radiomolecular Precision Oncology, 65191 Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Euy Sung Moon
- Department of Chemistry–TRIGA, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Frank Rösch
- Department of Chemistry–TRIGA, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Andre Klega
- CURANOSTICUM Wiesbaden-Frankfurt, Center for Advanced Radiomolecular Precision Oncology, 65191 Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Christian Landvogt
- CURANOSTICUM Wiesbaden-Frankfurt, Center for Advanced Radiomolecular Precision Oncology, 65191 Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Corinna Müller
- CURANOSTICUM Wiesbaden-Frankfurt, Center for Advanced Radiomolecular Precision Oncology, 65191 Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Richard P. Baum
- CURANOSTICUM Wiesbaden-Frankfurt, Center for Advanced Radiomolecular Precision Oncology, 65191 Wiesbaden, Germany
- Correspondence: (L.G.); (R.P.B.)
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Zhao L, Chen J, Pang Y, Fang J, Fu K, Meng L, Zhang X, Guo Z, Wu H, Sun L, Su G, Lin Q, Chen H. Development of Fibroblast Activation Protein Inhibitor-Based Dimeric Radiotracers with Improved Tumor Retention and Antitumor Efficacy. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:3640-3651. [PMID: 35917335 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblast activation protein (FAP), a fundamental component of the tumor stroma, is overexpressed in cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). As a promising theranostic probe, we evaluated whether the FAP inhibitor (FAPI) dimer (DOTA-2P[FAPI]2) is more effective than its monomeric analogs for FAP-targeted radionuclide therapy. [68Ga]Ga/[177Lu]Lu-DOTA-2P(FAPI)2 were assayed in a stability study, small-animal positron emission tomography (PET) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), biodistribution, and radionuclide therapy to comprehensively evaluate their preclinical pharmacokinetics. The pharmacokinetics of [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-2P(FAPI)2 and [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-2P(FAPI)2 were determined in FAP-positive hepatocellular carcinoma patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) and HT-1080-FAP cell-derived xenografts (CDXs). [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-2P(FAPI)2 and [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-2P(FAPI)2 were stable in phosphate-buffered saline for 4 h. The tumor retention of [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-2P(FAPI)2 was better than that of [68Ga]Ga-FAPI-46 in HT-1080-FAP CDXs, while healthy organs showed low tracer uptake and fast body clearance. In single-photon emission computed tomography, [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-2P(FAPI)2 showed a higher uptake and longer retention for tumors in both PDXs and CDXs from 1-48 h. [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-2P(FAPI)2 showed the best inhibition of tumor growth in PDXs and CDXs. DOTA-2P(FAPI)2 has increased tumor uptake and retention properties compared to FAPI-46, which significantly improves the use of FAPI-based vectors for PET imaging and radionuclide therapy. [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-2P(FAPI)2 may be safe and effective for the treatment of FAP-positive malignant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Minnan PET Center, Xiamen Cancer Center, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Xiamen Cancer Center, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, China
| | - Jianhao Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Minnan PET Center, Xiamen Cancer Center, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Xiamen Cancer Center, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, China
| | - Yizhen Pang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Minnan PET Center, Xiamen Cancer Center, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Xiamen Cancer Center, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, China
| | - Jianyang Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics and Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Kaili Fu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 310009, China
| | - Lingxin Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics and Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Xianzhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics and Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Zhide Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics and Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Hua Wu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Minnan PET Center, Xiamen Cancer Center, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, China
| | - Long Sun
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Minnan PET Center, Xiamen Cancer Center, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, China
| | - Guoqiang Su
- Department of Colorectal Tumor Surgery, Xiamen Cancer Center, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, Fujian, China
| | - Qin Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Xiamen Cancer Center, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, China
| | - Haojun Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Minnan PET Center, Xiamen Cancer Center, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, China
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Wu Z, Hua Y, Shen Q, Yu C. Research progress on the role of fibroblast activation protein in diagnosis and treatment of cancer. Nucl Med Commun 2022; 43:746-755. [PMID: 35506275 DOI: 10.1097/mnm.0000000000001565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblast activation protein (FAP) is a type II transmembrane protein, which is over-expressed in cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). CAFs are tumor stromal cells that constitute a major component of cancer volume and are reportedly related to tumorigenesis, angiogenesis, metastasis, promotion of drug resistance and induction of tumor immunity. FAP is widely acknowledged as the signature protein of CAFs. At present, FAP inhibitors (FAPI) have achieved ideal results in tumor PET/computed tomography (CT) imaging. Theoretically, FAP-targeted drugs can inhibit tumor progression. Nonetheless, no satisfactory therapeutic effect has been observed so far, which has impeded their implementation in clinical practice. In this review, we describe the characteristics of FAP and its role in the occurrence and development of cancer. We also highlight the potential value of targeting FAP to improve current diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoye Wu
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yuqi Hua
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Qiaoling Shen
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Chunjing Yu
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University
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40
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van der Geest KSM, Sandovici M, Nienhuis PH, Slart RHJA, Heeringa P, Brouwer E, Jiemy WF. Novel PET Imaging of Inflammatory Targets and Cells for the Diagnosis and Monitoring of Giant Cell Arteritis and Polymyalgia Rheumatica. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:902155. [PMID: 35733858 PMCID: PMC9207253 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.902155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Giant cell arteritis (GCA) and polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) are two interrelated inflammatory diseases affecting patients above 50 years of age. Patients with GCA suffer from granulomatous inflammation of medium- to large-sized arteries. This inflammation can lead to severe ischemic complications (e.g., irreversible vision loss and stroke) and aneurysm-related complications (such as aortic dissection). On the other hand, patients suffering from PMR present with proximal stiffness and pain due to inflammation of the shoulder and pelvic girdles. PMR is observed in 40-60% of patients with GCA, while up to 21% of patients suffering from PMR are also affected by GCA. Due to the risk of ischemic complications, GCA has to be promptly treated upon clinical suspicion. The treatment of both GCA and PMR still heavily relies on glucocorticoids (GCs), although novel targeted therapies are emerging. Imaging has a central position in the diagnosis of GCA and PMR. While [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-positron emission tomography (PET) has proven to be a valuable tool for diagnosis of GCA and PMR, it possesses major drawbacks such as unspecific uptake in cells with high glucose metabolism, high background activity in several non-target organs and a decrease of diagnostic accuracy already after a short course of GC treatment. In recent years, our understanding of the immunopathogenesis of GCA and, to some extent, PMR has advanced. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the cellular heterogeneity in the immunopathology of GCA/PMR and discuss how recent advances in specific tissue infiltrating leukocyte and stromal cell profiles may be exploited as a source of novel targets for imaging. Finally, we discuss prospective novel PET radiotracers that may be useful for the diagnosis and treatment monitoring in GCA and PMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kornelis S. M. van der Geest
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Maria Sandovici
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Pieter H. Nienhuis
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Medical Imaging Center, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Riemer H. J. A. Slart
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Medical Imaging Center, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Department of Biomedical Photonic Imaging Group, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands
| | - Peter Heeringa
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth Brouwer
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - William F. Jiemy
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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Meng L, Fang J, Zhao L, Wang T, Yuan P, Zhao Z, Zhuang R, Lin Q, Chen H, Chen X, Zhang X, Guo Z. Rational Design and Pharmacomodulation of Protein-Binding Theranostic Radioligands for Targeting the Fibroblast Activation Protein. J Med Chem 2022; 65:8245-8257. [PMID: 35658448 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c02162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The fibroblast activation protein (FAP), overexpressed on cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), has become a valuable target for tumor diagnosis and therapy. However, most FAP-based radioligands show insufficient tumor uptake and retention. In this study, three novel albumin-binding FAP ligands (denoted as FSDD0I, FSDD1I, and FSDD3I) were labeled with 68Ga and 177Lu to overcome these limitations. Cell-based studies and molecular docking assays were performed to identify the specificity and protein-binding properties for FAP. Positron emission tomography (PET) scans in human hepatocellular carcinoma patient-derived xenografts (HCC-PDXs) animal models revealed longer blood retention of 68Ga-FSDD0I than 68Ga-FAPI-04, 68Ga-FSDD1I, and 68Ga-FSDD3I. Remarkably, 68Ga-FSDD3I had prominent tumor-to-nontarget (T/NT) ratios. The prominent tumor retention properties of 177Lu-FSDD0I in single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging and biodistribution studies were demonstrated. In summary, this study reports a proof-of-concept study of albumin-binding radioligands for FAP-targeted imaging and targeted radionuclide therapy (TRT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingxin Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Jianyang Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & Minnan PET Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, China
| | - Tingting Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Pu Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Zuoquan Zhao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cardiovascular Institute and FuWai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Rongqiang Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Qin Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, China
| | - Haojun Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & Minnan PET Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Departments of Diagnostic Radiology, Surgery, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Biomedical Engineering, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119074, Singapore.,Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Centre for Translational Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore.,Nanomedicine Translational Research Program, NUS Center for Nanomedicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Xianzhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Zhide Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
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Hu H, Quintana J, Weissleder R, Parangi S, Miller M. Deciphering albumin-directed drug delivery by imaging. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 185:114237. [PMID: 35364124 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Albumin is the most abundant plasma protein, exhibits extended circulating half-life, and its properties have long been exploited for diagnostics and therapies. Many drugs intrinsically bind albumin or have been designed to do so, yet questions remain about true rate limiting factors that govern albumin-based transport and their pharmacological impacts, particularly in advanced solid cancers. Imaging techniques have been central to quantifying - at a molecular and single-cell level - the impact of mechanisms such as phagocytic immune cell signaling, FcRn-mediated recycling, oncogene-driven macropinocytosis, and albumin-drug interactions on spatial albumin deposition and related pharmacology. Macroscopic imaging of albumin-binding probes quantifies vessel structure, permeability, and supports efficiently targeted molecular imaging. Albumin-based imaging in patients and animal disease models thus offers a strategy to understand mechanisms, guide drug development and personalize treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhsin H Younis
- Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Xiaoli Lan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; and
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, China
| | - Weibo Cai
- Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin;
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Cui X, Liu Y, Wang C, Wen Z, Li Y, Tang H, Diwu J, Yang Y, Cui M, Liu Z. China’s radiopharmaceuticals on expressway: 2014–2021. RADIOCHIM ACTA 2022; 0. [DOI: 10.1515/ract-2021-1137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
This review provides an essential overview on the progress of rapidly-developing China’s radiopharmaceuticals in recent years (2014–2021). Our discussion reflects on efforts to develop potential, preclinical, and in-clinical radiopharmaceuticals including the following areas: (1) brain imaging agents, (2) cardiovascular imaging agents, (3) infection and inflammation imaging agents, (4) tumor radiopharmaceuticals, and (5) boron delivery agents (a class of radiopharmaceutical prodrug) for neutron capture therapy. Especially, the progress in basic research, including new radiolabeling methodology, is highlighted from a standpoint of radiopharmaceutical chemistry. Meanwhile, we briefly reflect on the recent major events related to radiopharmaceuticals along with the distribution of major R&D forces (universities, institutions, facilities, and companies), clinical study status, and national regulatory supports. We conclude with a brief commentary on remaining limitations and emerging opportunities for China’s radiopharmaceuticals.
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Younis MH, Malih S, Lan X, Rasaee MJ, Cai W. Enhancing fibroblast activation protein (FAP)-targeted radionuclide therapy with albumin binding, and beyond. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2022. [PMID: 35332379 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-022-05766-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Li H, Ye S, Li Li, Zhong J, Yan Q, Zhong Y, Feng P, Hu K. 18F- or 177Lu-labeled bivalent ligand of fibroblast activation protein with high tumor uptake and retention. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2022. [PMID: 35290473 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-022-05757-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Fibroblast activation protein (FAP) has become a promising cancer-related target for diagnosis and therapy. The aim of this study was to develop a bivalent FAP ligand for both diagnostic PET imaging and endoradiotherapy. METHODS We synthesized a bivalent FAP ligand (ND-bisFAP) and labeled it with 18F or 177Lu. FAP-positive A549-FAP cells were used to study competitive binding to FAP, cellular internalization, and efflux properties in vitro. Micro-PET imaging with [18F]AlF-ND-bisFAPI was conducted in mice bearing A549-FAP or U87MG tumors. Biodistribution and therapeutic efficacy of [177Lu]Lu-ND-bisFAPI were conducted in mice bearing A549-FAP tumors. RESULTS The FAP binding affinity of ND-bisFAPI is 0.25 ± 0.05 nM, eightfold higher in potency than the monomeric DOTA-FAPI-04 (IC50 = 2.0 ± 0.18 nM). In A549-FAP cells, ND-bisFAPI showed specific uptake, a high internalized fraction, and slow cellular efflux. Compared to the monomeric [18F]AlF-FAPI-42, micro-PET imaging with [18F]AlF-ND-bisFAPI showed higher specific tumor uptake and retention for at least 6 h. Biodistribution studies showed that [177Lu]Lu-ND-bisFAPI had higher tumor uptake than [177Lu]Lu-FAPI-04 at the 24, 72, 120, and 168 h time points (all P < 0.01). [177Lu]Lu-ND-bisFAPI delivered fourfold higher radiation than [177Lu]Lu-FAPI-04 to A549-FAP tumors. For the endoradiotherapy study, 37 MBq of [177Lu]Lu-ND-bisFAPI significantly reduced tumor growth compared to the same dose of [177Lu]Lu-FAPI-04. Half of the dose of [177Lu]Lu-ND-bisFAPI (18.5 MBq) has comparable median survival as 37 MBq of [177Lu]Lu-FAPI-04 (37 vs 36 days). CONCLUSION The novel bivalent FAP ligand was developed as a theranostic radiopharmaceutical and showed promising properties including higher tumor uptake and retention compared to the established radioligands [18F]AlF-FAPI-42 and [177Lu]Lu-FAPI-04. Preliminary experiments with 18F- or 177Lu-labeled ND-bisFAPI showed promising imaging properties and favorable anti-tumor responses.
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Chen J, Wang J, Xu M, Jia X, Song G, Liu Z. Production of positron-emitting radionuclide yttrium-86 with a computer-aided design target for positron emission tomography. Nucl Med Biol 2022; 108-109:54-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2022.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Li M, Younis MH, Zhang Y, Cai W, Lan X. Clinical summary of fibroblast activation protein inhibitor-based radiopharmaceuticals: cancer and beyond. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. [DOI: 10.1007/s00259-022-05706-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Wen X, Xu P, Shi M, Liu J, Zeng X, Zhang Y, Shi C, Li J, Guo Z, Zhang X, Khong PL, Chen X. Evans blue-modified radiolabeled fibroblast activation protein inhibitor as long-acting cancer therapeutics. Am J Cancer Res 2022; 12:422-433. [PMID: 34987657 PMCID: PMC8690933 DOI: 10.7150/thno.68182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Fibroblast activation protein (FAP) targeted molecular imaging radiotracers have shown promising preclinical and clinical results in tumor diagnosis. However, rapid clearance and inadequate tumor retention of these molecules have hindered them for further clinical translation in cancer therapy. In this study, we aimed to develop a series of albumin binder-truncated Evans blue (EB) modified FAP targeted radiotracers, and optimize the pharmacokinetic (PK) characteristics to overcome the existing limitations in order to apply in the radionuclide therapy of cancer. Methods: A series of compounds with the general structure of EB-FAPI-Bn were synthesized based on a FAP inhibitor (FAPI) variant (FAPI-02) and radiolabeled with 177LuCl3. To verify the binding affinity and FAP targeting specificity of these tracers in vitro, U87MG cell uptake and competition assays were performed. Preclinical PK was evaluated in U87MG tumor-bearing mice using SPECT imaging and biodistribution studies. The lead compound EB-FAPI-B1 was selected and cancer therapeutic efficacy of 177Lu-EB-FAPI-B1 was assessed in U87MG tumor-bearing mice. Results:177Lu-EB-FAPI-B1, B2, B3, B4 were stable in PBS (pH 7.4) and saline for at least 24 h. EB-FAPI-B1 showed high binding affinity (IC50 = 16.5 nM) to FAP in vitro, which was comparable with that of FAPI-02 (IC50 = 10.9 nM). SPECT imaging and biodistribution studies of 177Lu-EB-FAPI-B1, B2, B3, B4 have proved their prominently improved tumor accumulation and retention at 96 h post-injection, especially for 177Lu-EB-FAPI-B1, high tumor uptake and low background signal make it the optimal compound. Compared to the saline group, noteworthy tumor growth inhibitions of 177Lu-EB-FAPI-B1 have been observed after administration of different dosages. Conclusion: In this study, several EB modified FAPI-02 related radiopharmaceuticals have been synthesized successfully and evaluated. High binding affinity and FAP targeting specificity were identified in vitro and in vivo. Remarkably enhanced tumor uptake and retention of EB-FAPI-B1 were found over the unmodified FAPI-02. 177Lu-EB-FAPI-B1 showed remarkable tumor growth suppression in U87MG tumor model with negligible side effects, indicating that 177Lu-EB-FAPI-B1 is promising for clinical application and transformation.
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Qin C, Song Y, Cai W, Lan X. Dimeric FAPI with potential for tumor theranostics. Am J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2021; 11:537-541. [PMID: 35003891 PMCID: PMC8727879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Radionuclide-labeled fibroblast activation protein inhibitors (FAPIs) are popular nuclear imaging probes in recent years. It's of great significance for tumor diagnosis and has great potential in tumor treatment. However, optimization of the probes is needed to further increase tumor uptake and prolong tumor retention for improved treatment efficacy and fewer side effects. In this issue of AJNMMI, Moon et al. reported two squaramide coupled FAPI conjugates (DOTA.(SA.FAPi)2 and DOTAGA.(SA.FAPi)2) and labeled them with 68Ga. The resulted tracers showed increased tumor accumulation and persistent retention, which led to an advance in PET imaging. The use of dimeric structures provides a feasible strategy to develop radiotherapeutic analogs of FAP inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxia Qin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430022, Hubei, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Molecular ImagingWuhan 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Yangmeihui Song
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430022, Hubei, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Molecular ImagingWuhan 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Weibo Cai
- Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadison 53705, WI, USA
| | - Xiaoli Lan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430022, Hubei, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Molecular ImagingWuhan 430022, Hubei, China
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