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Ralla T, Kluenter AM, Litta G, Müller MA, Bonrath W, Schäfer C. Over 100 years of vitamin E: An overview from synthesis and formulation to application in animal nutrition. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2024; 108:646-663. [PMID: 38205908 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
The groundbreaking discovery of vitamin E by Evans and Bishop in 1922 was an important milestone in vitamin research, inspiring further investigation into its crucial role in both human and animal nutrition. Supplementing vitamin E has been proved to enhance multiple key physiological systems such as the reproductive, circulatory, nervous and muscular systems. As the main antioxidant in the blood and on a cellular level, vitamin E maintains the integrity of both cellular and vascular membranes and thus modulates the immune system. This overview showcases important and innovative routes for synthesizing vitamin E on a commercial scale, provides cutting-edge insights into formulation concepts for successful product form development and emphasizes the importance and future of vitamin E in healthy and sustainable animal nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theo Ralla
- dsm-firmenich AG, Kaiseraugst, Switzerland
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Haendiges J, Davidson GR, Pettengill JB, Reed E, Ramachandran P, Blessington T, Miller JD, Anderson N, Myoda S, Brown EW, Zheng J, Tikekar R, Hoffmann M. Genomic evidence of environmental and resident Salmonella Senftenberg and Montevideo contamination in the pistachio supply-chain. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0259471. [PMID: 34735518 PMCID: PMC8568146 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Pistachios have been implicated in two salmonellosis outbreaks and multiple recalls in the U.S. This study performed an in-depth retrospective data analysis of Salmonella associated with pistachios as well as a storage study to evaluate the survivability of Salmonella on inoculated inshell pistachios to further understand the genetics and microbiological dynamics of this commodity-pathogen pair. The retrospective data analysis on isolates associated with pistachios was performed utilizing short-read and long-read sequencing technologies. The sequence data were analyzed using two methods: the FDA's Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) analysis and Whole Genome Multilocus Sequence Typing (wgMLST). The year-long storage study evaluated the survival of five strains of Salmonella on pistachios stored at 25 °C at 35% and 54% relative humidity (RH). Our results demonstrate: i) evidence of persistent Salmonella Senftenberg and Salmonella Montevideo strains in pistachio environments, some of which may be due to clonal resident strains and some of which may be due to preharvest contamination; ii) presence of the Copper Homeostasis and Silver Resistance Island (CHASRI) in Salmonella Senftenberg and Montevideo strains in the pistachio supply chain; and iii) the use of metagenomic analysis is a novel tool for determining the composition of serovar survival in a cocktail inoculated storage study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Haendiges
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Gordon R Davidson
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - James B Pettengill
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth Reed
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Padmini Ramachandran
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Tyann Blessington
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jesse D Miller
- Neogen Corporation, Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Nathan Anderson
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, Bedford Park, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Sam Myoda
- IEH Incorporated, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Eric W Brown
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jie Zheng
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Rohan Tikekar
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Maria Hoffmann
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
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Shojadoost B, Yitbarek A, Alizadeh M, Kulkarni RR, Astill J, Boodhoo N, Sharif S. Centennial Review: Effects of vitamins A, D, E, and C on the chicken immune system. Poult Sci 2021; 100:100930. [PMID: 33607314 PMCID: PMC7900602 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamins are nutritional elements which are necessary for essential activities such as development, growth, and metabolism of cells. In addition to these conventional functions, vitamins A, D, E, and C have vital roles in normal function of the immune system as their deficiency is known to impair innate and adaptive host responses. By altering transcription of multiple immune system genes and contributing to antioxidant activities, these vitamins influence the immune system in different ways including modulation of cell-mediated and antibody-mediated responses, immunoregulation, and antiinflammatory effects. Furthermore, supplementation of these vitamins to poultry may assist the immune system to combat microbial pathogens while reducing detrimental effects associated with stress and enhancing responses to vaccines. In this article, the relationship between the chicken immune system and vitamins A, D, E, and C is reviewed, and evidence from the literature pertaining to how these vitamins exert their antiinflammatory, regulatory, and antimicrobial effects is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahram Shojadoost
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, N1G 2W1, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alexander Yitbarek
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, N1G 2W1, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mohammadali Alizadeh
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, N1G 2W1, Ontario, Canada
| | - Raveendra R Kulkarni
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, N1G 2W1, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jake Astill
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, N1G 2W1, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nitish Boodhoo
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, N1G 2W1, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shayan Sharif
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, N1G 2W1, Ontario, Canada.
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Long GL, Hao WX, Bao LF, Li JH, Zhang Y, Li GH. Effects of dietary inclusion levels of palm oil on growth performance, antioxidative status and serum cytokines of broiler chickens. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2019; 103:1116-1124. [PMID: 31025777 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary palm oil inclusion levels on growth performance, serum antioxidative status and cytokines in Sanhuang broiler chickens. A total of 208 one-day-old female Sanhuang chickens were randomly allocated to four treatment groups with four replicates per group and of 13 birds each for a 42-day feeding trial. Dietary treatments were basal diet without palm oil (control) and diets containing 2%, 4% or 6% palm oil. During days 22 to 42 and the overall experimental period, chickens fed diets supplemented with 4% and 6% palm oil had a lower average daily feed intake (ADFI) (p = 0.019) and feed to gain ratio (F/G) (p = 0.031). Average daily gain (ADG) tended to be higher (p = 0.089) for palm oil inclusion treatments compared with the control treatment from days 1 to 42. Dietary 2% and 4% palm oil treatments significantly lowed serum malondialdehyde concentration on day 21 when compared to the control and 6% palm oil treatments (p = 0.027). Dietary 6% palm oil treatment significantly reduced the catalase (CAT) activity (p = 0.018) and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) (p = 0.027) in serum in comparison with the control treatment on day 21. No significant differences were observed in superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities in serum among dietary treatments on day 21. There were no significant differences in T-AOC, CAT, SOD and GSH-Px activities among dietary treatments on day 42. Dietary inclusion of 4% and 6% palm oil significantly increased (p = 0.01) serum interleukin-1β (IL-1β) content, but improved transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) content in serum on both days 21 and 42 (p = 0.032 and 0.022 respectively) as well as IL-10 content on day 42 (p = 0.022) when compared with the control treatment. Furthermore, dietary inclusion of 6% palm oil significantly reduced tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) content on days 21 and 42 (p = 0.021 and 0.001 respectively) compared with the control treatment. These results suggest that dietary inclusion of 4% and 6% palm oil could improve the growth performance, modulate the balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, and show limited effect on antioxidative status in Sanhuang broiler chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Lian Long
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition/Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Wen-Xue Hao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Long-Fei Bao
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition/Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jun-Hui Li
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition/Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition/Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Guan-Hong Li
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition/Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
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Konieczka P, Barszcz M, Choct M, Smulikowska S. The interactive effect of dietary n-6: n-3 fatty acid ratio and vitamin E level on tissue lipid peroxidation, DNA damage in intestinal epithelial cells, and gut morphology in chickens of different ages. Poult Sci 2018; 97:149-158. [PMID: 29077918 PMCID: PMC5850597 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pex274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Feeding chickens diets high in n-3 fatty acids (FA) increases their incorporation into tissue lipids, but leads to oxidative stress in cells. This study investigated the effect of the dietary polyunsaturated FA ratio (PUFA n-6: n-3) and vitamin E (vE) level on DNA damage and morphological changes in the gut epithelium of chickens. One-day-old female broiler chicks (n = 176) were divided into 4 groups fed for 43 d diets with a high (HR) or low (LR) PUFA n-6: n-3 ratio and supplemented with 50 or 300 mg vE kg-1. Performance was calculated for periods of d 1 to 9, d 9 to 16, d 9 to 35, and d 9 to 42, while organs were sampled at d 9, d 17, d 36, and d 43. At d 17 and d 43, DNA damage of epithelial cells in the duodenum and jejunum was measured and duodenal and jejunal morphology was analyzed. HR diets improved FCR for the periods of d 1 to 9, d 9 to 16 and d 9 to 42, whereas the increased vE level improved FCR for the period of d 9 to 16. In the jejunum DNA damage was greater in chickens fed LR than HR diets at d 17 (P < 0.001) and the increased vE level promoted DNA damage in both intestinal segments (P < 0.02) in younger birds. The morphology of the duodenum was marginally affected by the diets, whereas LR diets in the jejunum reduced villus surface area at d 17 (P = 0.022), and mucosa thickness (P = 0.029) and villus height (P = 0.035) at d 43. The results indicated that feeding birds LR diets and vE levels significantly exceeding the recommendation induced DNA damage in epithelial cells, but this effect varied depending on the intestinal segment and the age of birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Konieczka
- Department of Animal Nutrition, The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, 05-110 Jablonna, Poland
| | - M Barszcz
- Department of Animal Nutrition, The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, 05-110 Jablonna, Poland
| | - M Choct
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales 2351, Australia
| | - S Smulikowska
- Department of Animal Nutrition, The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, 05-110 Jablonna, Poland
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Abstract
1. A trial was designed to assess the effect of fat supplementation (amount and type of fatty acids) on vitamin E bioavailability in adult cockerels. 2. A total of 60 birds were force-fed three different diets: a semi-purified diet without added fat (Control diet) or supplemented with 3% fat as linseed (Linseed diet) or hydrogenated coconut oil (Coconut diet). The three experimental diets were also supplemented with dl-α-tocopheryl acetate to provide 40 mg vitamin E per bird. 3. After one week of depletion, blood was collected from the wing vein before (baseline) and 6, 12, 24 and 96 h after the gavage. Plasma samples were analysed for their α-tocopherol, cholesterol and triglycerides concentrations. 4. Results showed that the addition of 3% fat in the experimental diet increased post-gavage plasma α-tocopherol response by 153% for Linseed diet and by 75% for Coconut diet (P < 0.0001) compared to the Control group. Furthermore, the plasma α-tocopherol response observed with the Linseed diet was 44% greater than that observed with the Coconut diet (P < 0.0001). There was no effect of treatments on either plasma triglycerides (P = 0.91) or cholesterol (P = 0.45) responses. 5. In conclusion, this study shows that the addition of 3% fat to the diet significantly increases dl-α-tocopheryl acetate bioavailability in adult cockerels. Supplementation of fat rich in unsaturated fatty acids also leads to a higher dl-α-tocopheryl acetate bioavailability than fat rich in saturated fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- D P Prévéraud
- a Centre of Expertise and Research in Nutrition , Adisseo France SAS , Commentry , France
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Prévéraud DP, Devillard E, Rouffineau F, Borel P. Effect of the type of dietary triacylglycerol fatty acids on α-tocopherol concentration in plasma and tissues of growing pigs. J Anim Sci 2014; 92:4972-80. [PMID: 25349346 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2013-7099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
A study was performed in growing pigs to evaluate the efficacy of α-tocopherol (Tol) concentration in plasma, muscle, liver, and adipose tissue following dietary supplementation with vitamin E (VE) and various sources of fat. The trial involved 96 piglets weaned at an average of 28 d of age. Piglets were fed for 2 wk a semipurified diet not supplemented with VE. Piglets were then randomly assigned to 5 isoenergetic semipurified diets with 100 IU/kg VE as dl-α-tocopheryl acetate: a control (CTRL) diet (with no added fat) and 4 other diets containing either 3% linseed oil (LIN), 3% hydrogenated coconut oil (COC), 3% olive oil (OLI), or 3% safflower oil (SAF) representing diets rich in n-3 PUFA, SFA, MUFA, and n-6 PUFA, respectively. After 49 d of treatment, pigs were killed and blood, muscle (longissimus dorsi), adipose tissue, and whole liver (without gallbladder) were collected and analyzed for their Tol concentrations. For all tissues, LIN and SAF diets led to lower (P < 0.02) Tol concentrations as compared to the CTRL diet: -63 and -67%, respectively. α-Tocopherol concentrations in plasma, liver, and adipose tissue were greater (P < 0.001) in the COC group as compared to the CTRL group. The OLI diet led to greater (P < 0.01) liver Tol concentration (+92%) as compared to the CTRL diet but had no significant effect on plasma, muscle, and adipose tissue Tol concentrations. There were significant correlations (P < 0.001) between plasma, muscle, and liver Tol concentrations (r > 0.78). These results show that supplementation with PUFA markedly decreases Tol concentration in blood and tissues of growing pigs, whereas SFA increase Tol content in blood, liver, and adipose tissue. Monounsaturated fatty acids only increase liver Tol concentrations. Therefore, increasing the amount of fat in the diet (from <0.1 to approximately 3.5%) and the type of dietary fatty acids supplemented with VE are key factors with regards to VE concentration in plasma and tissue. The Tol:PUFA needs to be carefully considered to meet the VE pigs requirement and to ensure an optimal Tol meat enrichment.
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Affiliation(s)
- D P Prévéraud
- Adisseo France S.A.S., Center of Expertise and Research in Nutrition, 6 route Noire, 03600 Commentry, France INSERM, UMR1062, "Nutrition, Obesity and Risk of Thrombosis," 13385 Marseille, France INRA, UMR1260, 13385 Marseille, France Aix-Marseille University, Faculté de Médecine, 13385 Marseille, France
| | - E Devillard
- Adisseo France S.A.S., Center of Expertise and Research in Nutrition, 6 route Noire, 03600 Commentry, France
| | - F Rouffineau
- Adisseo France S.A.S., Center of Expertise and Research in Nutrition, 6 route Noire, 03600 Commentry, France
| | - P Borel
- INSERM, UMR1062, "Nutrition, Obesity and Risk of Thrombosis," 13385 Marseille, France INRA, UMR1260, 13385 Marseille, France Aix-Marseille University, Faculté de Médecine, 13385 Marseille, France
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Nyquist NF, Krogdahl Å, Penn M, Kaldhusdahl M, Thomassen M, Haug A. Growth and gut health in chickens on diets varying in fatty acid composition and selenium content. ACTA AGR SCAND A-AN 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/09064702.2013.841750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Cardenas E, Ghosh R. Vitamin E: a dark horse at the crossroad of cancer management. Biochem Pharmacol 2013; 86:845-52. [PMID: 23919929 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2013.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Revised: 07/19/2013] [Accepted: 07/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
It appears that the story on vitamin E and its role in human health remains incomplete. It is apparent that vitamin E supplementation involves many variables, some of which include its uptake from the intestine, the preference for α-tocopherol, transport by tocopherol specific proteins and lipid transporters and the differential metabolism of different vitamin E isoforms. The fundamental differences within population genetics can have significant implications for the effect that dietary supplementation might have on human health. When evaluating the efficacy of vitamin E prophylactic or therapeutic use in previous and future studies, it is critical to consider dosage to be administered, form of vitamin E and source (such as whether from synthetic or purified from natural sources). Further studies are needed to determine the effects of all vitamin E isoforms on cell growth, tumorigenicity, to clarify its possible use as an adjuvant to existing chemotherapeutics. The Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta Carotene (ATBC) Cancer Prevention Study Group and Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Prevention Trial (SELECT) studies along with the numerous studies of vitamin E should help guide the next chapter of vitamin E research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Cardenas
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
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Prola L, Nery J, Lauwaerts A, Bianchi C, Sterpone L, De Marco M, Pozzo L, Schiavone A. Effects of N,N-dimethylglycine sodium salt on apparent digestibility, vitamin E absorption, and serum proteins in broiler chickens fed a high- or low-fat diet. Poult Sci 2013; 92:1221-6. [PMID: 23571331 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2012-02465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to assess the effect of supplementation with sodium salt of N,N-dimethylglycine (DMG-Na) on apparent digestibility (AD) in broiler chickens fed low- and high-fat diets. Twenty-eight 1-d-old broiler chickens were fed one of the dietary treatments: a low-fat diet (LF) or a high-fat diet (HF) supplemented with or without 1,000 mg/kg of DMG-Na. Body weight and feed consumption were recorded at 14 and 35 d of age. Average daily growth, daily feed intake, and feed conversion ratio were calculated. The AD of DM, organic matter (OM), CP, total fat (TF), and α-tocopheryl-acetate were assessed by 2 digestibility trials (at 18-21 and 32-35 d, respectively). Serum protein and plasma α-tocopherol concentrations were assessed at 35 d of age. Final BW, feed intake, carcass, breast, and spleen weight were higher in groups fed LF than HF diets (P = 0.048, P = 0.002, P = 0.039, P < 0.001, P = 0.007, respectively). Liver weight was increased in DMG-Na-unsupplemented groups (P = 0.011) for both fat levels. During the first digestibility trial (18-21 d), the AD of DM (P = 0.023), OM (P = 0.033), CP (P = 0.030), and α-tocopheryl-acetate (P = 0.036) was higher in the DMG-Na-supplemented group than control. Digestibility of total fat was increased by DMG-Na supplementation in the LF groups (P = 0.038). A trend for improvement of digestibility was observed during the second digestibility trial (32-35 d) for DM (P = 0.089), OM (P = 0.051), and CP (P = 0.063) in DMG-Na groups. Total serum proteins (and relative fractions) were positively influenced by DMG-Na supplementation both in LF and HF diets (P = 0.029). Plasma α-tocopherol concentration was higher in groups fed LF than HF diets (P < 0.001).
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Affiliation(s)
- L Prola
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Torino, Via L. da Vinci, 44 10195, Grugliasco (Torino), Italy
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Guetchom B, Venne D, Chénier S, Chorfi Y. Effect of extra dietary vitamin E on preventing nutritional myopathy in broiler chickens. J APPL POULTRY RES 2012. [DOI: 10.3382/japr.2011-00440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Rama Rao SV, Raju MVLN, Panda AK, Poonam NS, Shyam Sunder G. Effect of dietary α -tocopherol concentration on performance and some immune responses in broiler chickens fed on diets containing oils from different sources. Br Poult Sci 2011; 52:97-105. [PMID: 21337204 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2010.548792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
1. An investigation was carried out into the effects of dietary α-tocopherol (α-T) concentration and source of supplemental oil on performance, activity of anti-oxidative enzymes and some immune responses in broilers from day-old to 41 d of age. 2. Three dietary concentrations of α-T (10, 50 and 100 mg/kg) with three sources of supplemental oil (sunflower - SFO, palm - PMO and safflower - SAO) were provided using a 3 × 3 experimental design. 3. Body weight gain and food conversion efficiency were not affected by either interaction or concentrations of α-T and sources of oil in diet. 4. Concentrations of total protein, globulin, triglycerides and cholesterol in sera increased significantly with dietary α-T concentration irrespective of the source of oil. Significantly higher concentration of serum albumin was evident in broilers fed on the SFO-based diet and the concentration of globulin was higher in groups fed on those diets containing PMO and SAO. 5. The lipid peroxidation (LP), measured as MDA release, decreased with the concentration of α-T in a dose-related manner with SFO- and SAO-based diets, although not with the PMO-based diet. With different oil sources, LP was significantly lower with the PMO-based diet compared to the others. Activities of glutathione peroxidase and RBC catalase increased and heterophil: lymphocyte ratio was reduced with concentration of α-T for each source of oil tested. 6. Assays for humoral and cell-mediated immune responses indicated no effect of the source of dietary supplemental oil or interaction, although an increasing concentration of dietary α-T improved cell-mediated immune responses. 7. It is concluded that sunflower oil, palm oil and safflower oil can be used as sources of oil for broiler diets without having any effect on performance, immune responses or the activity of anti-oxidizing enzymes. Higher concentrations of dietary α-tocopherol (50 or 100 mg/kg) reduced lipid peroxidation activity and enhanced activities of anti-oxidative enzymes, they also improved the cell-mediated immune responses in commercial broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- S V Rama Rao
- Project Directorate on Poultry, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad 500 030, India.
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Chekani-Az S, Mansoub NH, Tehrani AA, Aghdam FV, Mizban S. Effect of Replacing Inorganic by Organic Selenium Sources in Diet of Male Broilers on Selenium and Vitamin E Contents and Oxidative Stability of Meat. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.3923/javaa.2010.1501.1505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Zhang X, Zhong X, Zhou Y, Wang G, Du H, Wang T. Dietary RRR -α-tocopherol succinate attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory cytokines secretion in broiler chicks. Br J Nutr 2010; 104:1796-805. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114510002801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The anti-inflammatory effects of two esters of α-tocopherol (α-TOH),all-rac-α-TOH acetate (dl-α-TOA) andRRR-α-TOH succinate (d-α-TOS), on broilers repeatedly challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were investigated. Three hundred and twenty 1-d-old broiler chicks were allotted into four treatment groups and fed on a control diet (30 mg/kgdl-α-TOA) or diets containing 10, 30, 50 mg/kgd-α-TOS. Half of the birds from each treatment group were challenged with 0·9 % NaCl solution or LPS (250 μg/kg body weight) at 16, 18 and 20 d of age. The results indicated that the pretreatment of birds with 50 mg/kgd-α-TOS markedly reduced serum PGE2secretion and increased the concentrations of serum or hepatic α-TOH. When LPS-challenged birds were pretreated with 30 or 50 mg/kgd-α-TOS, the increases of plasma and splenic concentrations of interferon-γ, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-4 and IL-10 were dramatically attenuated. Also, a significant decrease of hepatic reactive oxygen species (ROS) and hepatic or splenic phosphokinase C (PKC) activities was found in birds pretreated with 30 or 50 mg/kgd-α-TOS. Furthermore,d-α-TOS inhibited the activation of NF-κB by preventing the degradation of inhibitory-κBα. In conclusion, D-α-TOS is able to prevent LPS-induced inflammation responsein vivo.The beneficial effect may depend on suppressing the secretion of various plasma and splenic inflammatory mediators through inhibiting NF-κB activation and by blocking ROS signalling, in which PKC may play an assistant role.
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da Silva I, Leal Ribeiro A, Wageck Canal C, Pinheiro C, de Moraes Vieira M, Gonçalves T, Alves Pereira R, Lacerda L. Broiler chicken responses to immunological stimuli as mediated by different levels of vitamin E in the diet. J APPL POULTRY RES 2009. [DOI: 10.3382/japr.2009-00055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Abstract
The objective of this study was to compare the effect of 2 esters of alpha-tocopherol, all-rac-alpha-tocopherol acetate and RRR-alpha-tocopherol succinate (d-alpha-TOS) on growth and immunity in broiler chicks. Three hundred twenty 1-d-old commercial Arbor Acres broilers were randomly distributed to 4 treatments, each of which had 8 pens of 10 chicks per pen. Birds in the control group were fed with the diets supplemented with 30 mg/kg of all-rac-alpha-tocopherol acetate or the basal diet with d-alpha-TOS supplementation at 10 mg/kg (TOS1 group), 30 mg/kg (TOS2 group), and 50 mg/ kg (TOS3 group), respectively, for 42 d. The results showed that there was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in BW gain, feed intake, or G:F among the treatments. Significant positive correlations existed between dietary supplemental alpha-TOS levels and plasma (R(2) = 0.9831, P < 0.01) or hepatic (R(2) = 0.9336, P < 0.05) alpha-tocopherol concentrations and a negative correlation with plasma (R(2) = 0.9487, P < 0.05) or hepatic (R(2) = -0.9901, P = 0.0518) malondialdehyde levels. The concentrations of serum glutathione (GSH) were highest at 50 mg/kg at 42 d of age (P < 0.05), and hepatic GSH was significantly higher at 30 and 50 mg/kg compared with the other groups. Marked enhancement of splenic T- and B-lymphocyte proliferation occurred in group TOS3 as compared with the other groups. The study suggests that the immunoenhancement effect observed in broilers fed additional d-alpha-TOS between 30 and 50 mg/kg might result from increased retention of alpha-tocopherol and reduction in lipid peroxidation, as evidenced by the decrease in malondialdehyde and the increase in GSH.
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Affiliation(s)
- X H Zhang
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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Olivares A, Rey A, Daza A, Lopez-bote C. High dietary vitamin A interferes with tissue α-tocopherol concentrations in fattening pigs: a study that examines administration and withdrawal times. Animal 2009; 3:1264-70. [DOI: 10.1017/s175173110900487x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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