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Shkarina K, Broz P. Selective induction of programmed cell death using synthetic biology tools. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2024; 156:74-92. [PMID: 37598045 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2023.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
Regulated cell death (RCD) controls the removal of dispensable, infected or malignant cells, and is thus essential for development, homeostasis and immunity of multicellular organisms. Over the last years different forms of RCD have been described (among them apoptosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis and ferroptosis), and the cellular signaling pathways that control their induction and execution have been characterized at the molecular level. It has also become apparent that different forms of RCD differ in their capacity to elicit inflammation or an immune response, and that RCD pathways show a remarkable plasticity. Biochemical and genetic studies revealed that inhibition of a given pathway often results in the activation of back-up cell death mechanisms, highlighting close interconnectivity based on shared signaling components and the assembly of multivalent signaling platforms that can initiate different forms of RCD. Due to this interconnectivity and the pleiotropic effects of 'classical' cell death inducers, it is challenging to study RCD pathways in isolation. This has led to the development of tools based on synthetic biology that allow the targeted induction of RCD using chemogenetic or optogenetic methods. Here we discuss recent advances in the development of such toolset, highlighting their advantages and limitations, and their application for the study of RCD in cells and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kateryna Shkarina
- Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospital Bonn, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.
| | - Petr Broz
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Liotti F, Marotta M, Melillo RM, Prevete N. The Impact of Resolution of Inflammation on Tumor Microenvironment: Exploring New Ways to Control Cancer Progression. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:3333. [PMID: 35884394 PMCID: PMC9316558 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14143333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The evolution of cancer is strongly influenced by the context in which tumor cells develop and grow, known as the tumor microenvironment (TME). The TME is constituted of a set of cells with different natures, which can produce various factors or interact with cancer cells, thus favoring or inhibiting cancer growth. Specific factors with the ability to shape the TME, in order to create an unfavorable context for tumor cells, are the Specialized Pro-resolving Mediators (SPMs). SPMs are small lipid molecules derived from ω-3 and ω-6 fatty acids, exerting the physiologic role of dampening the inflammatory responses and helping tissues to regain their homeostasis after insults. Here, we present the knowledge relative to the action of SPMs on each component of the TME and its effects on tumor growth and progression. These summarized findings highlight novel potential strategies to manage cancer progression. Abstract Non-resolving inflammation is an enabling feature of cancer. A novel super-family of lipid mediators termed Specialized Pro-resolving Mediators (SPMs) have a role as bioactive molecules mediating the resolution of inflammation in cancer biology. SPMs are derived from ω-3 and ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids through the activity of lipoxygenases. SPMs have been described to directly modulate cancer progression by interfering with the epithelial to mesenchymal transition and invasion of cancer cells. SPMs have also been demonstrated to act on several components of the tumor microenvironment (TME). Consistently with their natural immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties, SPMs are able to reprogram macrophages to favor phagocytosis of cell debris, which are an important source of pro-inflammatory and pro-angiogenic signals; sustain a direct cytotoxic immune response against cancer cells; stimulate neutrophils anti-tumor activities; and inhibit the development of regulatory T and B cells, thus indirectly leading to enhanced anti-tumor immunity. Furthermore, the resolution pathways exert crucial anti-angiogenic functions in lung, liver, and gastrointestinal cancers, and inhibit cancer-associated fibroblast differentiation and functions in hepatocellular carcinoma and pancreatic cancer. The present review will be focused on the potential protective effects of resolution pathways against cancer, exerted by modulating different components of the TME.
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Deng J, Yang H, Haak VM, Yang J, Kipper FC, Barksdale C, Hwang SH, Gartung A, Bielenberg DR, Subbian S, Ho KK, Ye X, Fan D, Sun Y, Hammock BD, Panigrahy D. Eicosanoid regulation of debris-stimulated metastasis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2107771118. [PMID: 34607951 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2107771118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer therapy, such as chemotherapy, induces tumor cell death (“debris”), which can stimulate metastasis. Chemotherapy-generated debris upregulates soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) and the prostaglandin E2 receptor 4 (EP4), which triggers a macrophage-derived storm of proinflammatory and proangiogenic lipid autacoid and cytokine mediators. Although sEH inhibitors and EP4 antagonists are in clinical development for multiple inflammatory diseases, their combined role in cancer is unknown. Here, we show that the synergistic antitumor activity of sEH and EP4 inhibition suppresses hepato-pancreatic tumor growth, without overt toxicity, via macrophage phagocytosis of debris and counterregulation of a debris-stimulated cytokine storm. Thus, stimulating the resolution of inflammation via combined inhibition of sEH and EP4 may be an approach for preventing metastatic progression driven by cancer therapy. Cancer therapy reduces tumor burden via tumor cell death (“debris”), which can accelerate tumor progression via the failure of inflammation resolution. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop treatment modalities that stimulate the clearance or resolution of inflammation-associated debris. Here, we demonstrate that chemotherapy-generated debris stimulates metastasis by up-regulating soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) and the prostaglandin E2 receptor 4 (EP4). Therapy-induced tumor cell debris triggers a storm of proinflammatory and proangiogenic eicosanoid-driven cytokines. Thus, targeting a single eicosanoid or cytokine is unlikely to prevent chemotherapy-induced metastasis. Pharmacological abrogation of both sEH and EP4 eicosanoid pathways prevents hepato-pancreatic tumor growth and liver metastasis by promoting macrophage phagocytosis of debris and counterregulating a protumorigenic eicosanoid and cytokine storm. Therefore, stimulating the clearance of tumor cell debris via combined sEH and EP4 inhibition is an approach to prevent debris-stimulated metastasis and tumor growth.
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Podolska MJ, Shan X, Janko C, Boukherroub R, Gaipl US, Szunerits S, Frey B, Muñoz LE. Graphene-Induced Hyperthermia (GIHT) Combined With Radiotherapy Fosters Immunogenic Cell Death. Front Oncol 2021; 11:664615. [PMID: 34485114 PMCID: PMC8415397 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.664615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy and chemotherapy are the standard interventions for cancer patients, although cancer cells often develop radio- and/or chemoresistance. Hyperthermia reduces tumor resistance and induces immune responses resulting in a better prognosis. We have previously described a method to induce tumor cell death by local hyperthermia employing pegylated reduced graphene oxide nanosheets and near infrared light (graphene-induced hyperthermia, GIHT). The spatiotemporal exposure/release of heat shock proteins (HSP), high group mobility box 1 protein (HMGB1), and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) are reported key inducers of immunogenic cell death (ICD). We hypothesize that GIHT decisively contributes to induce ICD in irradiated melanoma B16F10 cells, especially in combination with radiotherapy. Therefore, we investigated the immunogenicity of GIHT alone or in combination with radiotherapy in melanoma B16F10 cells. Tumor cell death in vitro revealed features of apoptosis that is progressing fast into secondary necrosis. Both HSP70 and HMGB1/DNA complexes were detected 18 hours post GIHT treatment, whereas the simultaneous release of ATP and HMGB1/DNA was observed only 24 hours post combined treatment. We further confirmed the adjuvant potential of these released DAMPs by immunization/challenge experiments. The inoculation of supernatants of cells exposed to sole GIHT resulted in tumor growth at the site of inoculation. The immunization with cells exposed to sole radiotherapy rather fostered the growth of secondary tumors in vivo. Contrarily, a discreet reduction of secondary tumor volumes was observed in mice immunized with a single dose of cells and supernatants treated with the combination of GIHT and irradiation. We propose the simultaneous release of several DAMPs as a potential mechanism fostering anti-tumor immunity against previously irradiated cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata J Podolska
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.,Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Xiaomei Shan
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.,Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christina Janko
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON), Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung Professorship, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rabah Boukherroub
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520-IEMN, Lille, France
| | - Udo S Gaipl
- Translational Radiobiology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sabine Szunerits
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520-IEMN, Lille, France
| | - Benjamin Frey
- Translational Radiobiology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Luis E Muñoz
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.,Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
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Aaes TL, Verschuere H, Kaczmarek A, Heyndrickx L, Wiernicki B, Delrue I, De Craene B, Taminau J, Delvaeye T, Bertrand MJM, Declercq W, Berx G, Krysko DV, Adjemian S, Vandenabeele P. Immunodominant AH1 Antigen-Deficient Necroptotic, but Not Apoptotic, Murine Cancer Cells Induce Antitumor Protection. J I 2020; 204:775-787. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Dang N, Waer M, Sprangers B, Lin Y. Improved Anti-Tumour Adaptive Immunity Can Overcome the Melanoma Immunosuppressive Tumour Microenvironment. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11111694. [PMID: 31683642 PMCID: PMC6895810 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11111694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical benefits obtained from checkpoint blockade regimens demonstrate the importance of overcoming the immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment (TME) in cancer immunotherapy. Intravenous (i.v.) injection of B16 melanoma cells (H-2Kb) leads to lethal disseminated pulmonary metastasis in Balb/c recipients (H-2Kd). This lack of immune control is related to low major histocompatibility complex (MHC) expression on B16 cells which is associated with delayed and decreased anti-tumour adaptive immune responses (e.g., alloantibody formation) as: (i) other tumour types with normal H-2Kb expression are rejected with concomitant antibody production; (ii) preincubation of B16 with IFN-gamma to upregulate H-2Kb expression resulted in improved antibody production and anti-tumour activity. The delayed/decreased anti-tumour adaptive immune responses induced by B16 inoculation is not able to interrupt progression of primary metastases, while it is able to effectively eliminate secondary inoculated subcutaneously (s.c.) B16 cells from progression. This is due to the presence of an immunosuppressive TME within the primary metastases characterized by increased regulatory T cells (Tregs) and an increased T helper cells (Th) 2/1 profile. These tumour-induced immunosuppressive T cell populations are counteracted by improved adaptive immunity via active and passive immunization, resulting in effective elimination of the TME, destruction of the metastatic tumour and a reversal of Th2/1 profile in a time-sensitive manner. Thus, we here demonstrate that the TME is not irreversible and adaptive immunity is able to eradicate established solid tumour and its immunosuppressive TME. This study will help design treatments to overcome the immunosuppressive effect of the TME and improve efficacy of cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nana Dang
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Mark Waer
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Ben Sprangers
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Yuan Lin
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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Alev M, Egenberger L, Mühleisen L, Weigel B, Frey B, Friedrich RP, Pöttler M, Alexiou C, Janko C. Targeting of drug-loaded nanoparticles to tumor sites increases cell death and release of danger signals. J Control Release 2018; 285:67-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Abstract
The immunogenicity of cancer cells is an emerging determinant of anti-cancer immunotherapy. Beyond developing immunostimulatory regimens like dendritic cell-based vaccines, immune-checkpoint blockers, and adoptive T-cell transfer, investigators are beginning to focus on the immunobiology of dying cancer cells and its relevance for the success of anticancer immunotherapies. It is currently accepted that cancer cells may die in response to anti-cancer therapies through regulated cell death programs, which may either repress or increase their immunogenic potential. In particular, the induction of immunogenic cancer cell death (ICD), which is hallmarked by the emission of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs); molecules analogous to pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) acting as danger signals/alarmins, is of great relevance in cancer therapy. These ICD-associated danger signals favor immunomodulatory responses that lead to tumor-associated antigens (TAAs)-directed T-cell immunity, which paves way for the removal of residual, treatment-resistant cancer cells. It is also emerging that cancer cells succumbing to ICD can orchestrate "altered-self mimicry" i.e. mimicry of pathogen defense responses, on the levels of nucleic acids and/or chemokines (resulting in type I interferon/IFN responses or pathogen response-like neutrophil activity). In this review, we exhaustively describe the main molecular, immunological, preclinical, and clinical aspects of immunosuppressive cell death or ICD (with respect to apoptosis, necrosis and necroptosis). We also provide an extensive historical background of these fields, with special attention to the self/non-self and danger models, which have shaped the field of cell death immunology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek D Garg
- Cell Death Research & Therapy (CDRT) Laboratory, Department for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Patrizia Agostinis
- Cell Death Research & Therapy (CDRT) Laboratory, Department for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Muñoz LE, Leppkes M, Fuchs TA, Hoffmann M, Herrmann M. Missing in action-The meaning of cell death in tissue damage and inflammation. Immunol Rev 2018; 280:26-40. [PMID: 29027227 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Billions of cells die every day in higher organisms as part of the normal process of tissue homeostasis. During special conditions like in development, acute infections, mechanical injuries, and immunity, cell death is a common denominator and it exerts profound effects in the outcome of these scenarios. To prevent the accumulation of aged, superfluous, infected, damaged and dead cells, professional phagocytes act in a rapid and efficient manner to clear the battle field and avoid spread of the destruction. Neutrophils are the most abundant effector immune cells that extravasate into tissues and can turn injured tissues into gory battle fields. In peace times, neutrophils tend to patrol tissues without provoking inflammatory reactions. We discuss in this review actual and forgotten knowledge about the meaning of cell death during homeostatic processes and drive the attention to the importance of the action of neutrophils during patrolling and for the maintenance or recovery of the homeostatic state once the organism gets attacked or injured, respectively. In this fashion, we disclose several disease conditions that arise as collateral damage of physiological responses to death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis E Muñoz
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Moritz Leppkes
- Department of Internal Medicine 1 - Gastroenterology, Pulmonology and Endocrinology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tobias A Fuchs
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Markus Hoffmann
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Martin Herrmann
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
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Nakamura Y, Fujisawa Y, Okiyama N, Watanabe R, Tanaka R, Ishitsuka Y, Tahara H, Fujimoto M. Surgical damage to the lymphatic system promotes tumor growth via impaired adaptive immune response. J Dermatol Sci 2017; 90:46-51. [PMID: 29352630 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2017.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 12/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both lymph nodes (LNs) and lymphatic channels from primary sites to regional LNs are critical for initiation of adaptive immunity. However, as LNs are common metastatic sites in skin cancers, LN biopsies or dissections are frequently performed. In addition, reconstructive skin flaps after tumor resection may damage lymphatic flow from primary sites to regional LNs. OBJECTIVE This study was designed to investigate the effect on tumor progression by such surgeries. METHODS We developed a mouse model that simulates LNs dissection or skin flap that blocks lymphatic flow from primary sites to regional LNs and monitored tumor progression. RESULTS As a poor immunogenic tumor line, the growth of inoculated B16F10 melanoma into syngeneic C57BL/6 mice was not affected by these surgeries. However, the growth of the same cell line in allogenic Balb/c mice was accelerated while immune cell infiltration (CD4+ and CD8+ T cells) into the tumor was reduced by these surgeries. In addition, both cytotoxicity against B16F10 melanoma and numbers of apoptotic tumor cells were diminished by these surgeries. Similarly, tumor growth of the immunogenic MC38 cell line in syngeneic C57BL/6 mice was accelerated and immune cell infiltration and apoptotic tumor cells were reduced by these surgeries. CONCLUSION These results strongly indicate that surgical damage of the lymphatic system may promote tumor progression via impaired adaptive immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyuki Nakamura
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
| | - Yasuhiro Fujisawa
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Naoko Okiyama
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Rei Watanabe
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Ryota Tanaka
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yosuke Ishitsuka
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hideaki Tahara
- Department of Surgery and Bioengineering, Advanced Clinical Research Center, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Manabu Fujimoto
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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George VC, Dellaire G, Rupasinghe HV. Plant flavonoids in cancer chemoprevention: role in genome stability. J Nutr Biochem 2017; 45:1-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2016.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2016] [Revised: 08/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Chen J, Chaurio RA, Maueröder C, Derer A, Rauh M, Kost A, Liu Y, Mo X, Hueber A, Bilyy R, Herrmann M, Zhao Y, Muñoz LE. Inosine Released from Dying or Dead Cells Stimulates Cell Proliferation via Adenosine Receptors. Front Immunol 2017; 8:504. [PMID: 28496447 PMCID: PMC5406388 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Many antitumor therapies induce apoptotic cell death in order to cause tumor regression. Paradoxically, apoptotic cells are also known to promote wound healing, cell proliferation, and tumor cell repopulation in multicellular organisms. We aimed to characterize the nature of the regenerative signals concentrated in the micromilieu of dead and dying cells. Methods Cultures of viable melanoma B16F10 cells, mouse fibroblasts, and primary human fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) in the presence of dead and dying cells, their supernatants (SNs), or purified agonists and antagonists were used to evaluate the stimulation of proliferation. Viable cell quantification was performed by either flow cytometry of harvested cells or by crystal violet staining of adherent cells. High-performance liquid chromatography and liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry of cell SNs were deployed to identify the nature of growth-promoting factors. Coimplantation of living cells in the presence of SNs collected from dead and dying cells and specific agonists was used to evaluate tumor growth in vivo. Results The stimulation of proliferation of few surviving cells by bystander dead cells was confirmed for melanoma cells, mouse fibroblasts, and primary FLS. We found that small soluble molecules present in the protein-free fraction of SNs of dead and dying cells were responsible for the promotion of proliferation. The nucleoside inosine released by dead and dying cells acting via adenosine receptors was identified as putative inducer of proliferation of surviving tumor cells after irradiation and heat treatment. Conclusion Inosine released by dead and dying cells mediates tumor cell proliferation via purinergic receptors. Therapeutic strategies surmounting this pathway may help to reduce the rate of recurrence after radio- and chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ricardo A Chaurio
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christian Maueröder
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anja Derer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Manfred Rauh
- Kinder- und Jugendklinik, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andriy Kost
- Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xianming Mo
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Axel Hueber
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rostyslav Bilyy
- Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Martin Herrmann
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Yi Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Luis E Muñoz
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
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Long Q, Zhu W, Zhou J, Wu J, Lu W, Zheng C, Zhou D, Yu L, Yang R. Truncated Bid Overexpression Induced by Recombinant Adenovirus Cre/LoxP System Suppresses the Tumorigenic Potential of CD133 + Ovarian Cancer Stem Cells. Oncol Res 2016; 25:595-603. [PMID: 27760587 PMCID: PMC7841003 DOI: 10.3727/096504016x14765492198706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is one of the most lethal malignant gynecologic tumors with a high relapse rate worldwide. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been identified in ovarian cancer and other malignant tumors as a small population of cells that are capable of self-renewal and multidifferentiation. CD133+ ovarian CSCs have been reported to be more tumorigenic and more resistant to chemotherapeutic treatment. Thus, CD133 has emerged as one of the most promising therapeutic markers for ovarian cancer treatment. In the current study, we constructed a recombinant adenovirus Cre/loxP regulation system to selectively introduce truncated Bid (tBid) expression specifically targeting CD133+ in ovarian CSCs. The results demonstrated that the coinfection of Ad-CD133-Cre and Ad-CMV-LoxP-Neo-LoxP-tBid significantly increased tBid expression in CD133+ ovarian CSCs. Moreover, the tBid overexpression induced by a recombinant adenovirus Cre/loxP system dramatically inhibited cell proliferation and invasion, significantly elevated cell apoptosis, and activated the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway in CD133+ ovarian CSCs. Additionally, recombinant adenovirus Cre/loxP system-mediated tBid overexpression suppressed the tumorigenic potential of CD133+ ovarian CSCs in a xenograft mouse model. In conclusion, our study successfully constructed a recombinant adenovirus Cre/loxP system and induced tBid overexpression in CD133+ ovarian CSCs, providing a new therapeutic approach for ovarian cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qifang Long
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
| | - Weipei Zhu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
| | - Jundong Zhou
- Department of Radio-Oncology, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Suzhou Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
| | - Jinchang Wu
- Department of Radio-Oncology, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Suzhou Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
| | - Weixian Lu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Suzhou Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
| | - Cui Zheng
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Suzhou Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
| | - Dongmei Zhou
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Suzhou Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
| | - Ling Yu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Suzhou Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
| | - Ru Yang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Suzhou Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
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14
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Bilyy R, Fedorov V, Vovk V, Leppkes M, Dumych T, Chopyak V, Schett G, Herrmann M. Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Form a Barrier between Necrotic and Viable Areas in Acute Abdominal Inflammation. Front Immunol 2016; 7:424. [PMID: 27777576 PMCID: PMC5056318 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils form neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) of decondensed DNA and histones that trap and immobilize particulate matter and microbial pathogens like bacteria. NET aggregates reportedly surround and isolate large objects like monosodium urate crystals, which cannot be sufficiently cleared from tissues. In the setting of acute necrotizing pancreatitis, massive tissue necrosis occurs, which is organized as pancreatic pseudocysts (1). In contrast to regular cysts, these pseudocysts are not surrounded by epithelial layers. We hypothesize that, instead, the necrotic areas observed in necrotizing pancreatitis are isolated from the surrounding healthy tissues by aggregated NETs. These may form an alternative, putatively transient barrier, separating necrotic areas from viable tissue. To test this hypothesis, we investigated histological samples from the necropsy material of internal organs of two patients with necrotizing pancreatitis and peritonitis accompanied by multiple organ failure. Tissues including the inflammatory zone were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and evaluated for signs of inflammation. Infiltrating neutrophils and NETs were detected by immunohistochemistry for DNA, neutrophil elastase (NE), and citrullinated histone H3. Interestingly, in severely affected areas of pancreatic necrosis or peritonitis, chromatin stained positive for NE and citrullinated histone H3, and may, therefore, be considered NET-derived. These NET structures formed a layer, which separated the necrotic core from the areas of viable tissue remains. A condensed layer of aggregated NETs, thus, spatially shields and isolates the site of necrosis, thereby limiting the spread of necrosis-associated proinflammatory mediators. We propose that necrotic debris may initiate and/or facilitate the formation of the NET-based surrogate barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rostyslav Bilyy
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany; Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine
| | | | - Volodymyr Vovk
- Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University , Lviv , Ukraine
| | - Moritz Leppkes
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Department of Internal Medicine 1 - Gastoenterology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen , Erlangen , Germany
| | - Tetiana Dumych
- Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University , Lviv , Ukraine
| | | | - Georg Schett
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen , Erlangen , Germany
| | - Martin Herrmann
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen , Erlangen , Germany
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15
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Lopes RL, Borges TJ, Zanin RF, Bonorino C. IL-10 is required for polarization of macrophages to M2-like phenotype by mycobacterial DnaK (heat shock protein 70). Cytokine 2016; 85:123-9. [PMID: 27337694 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2016.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages are key cells in the innate immune system. They phagocytose pathogens and cellular debris, promote inflammation, and have important roles in tumor immunity. Depending on the microenvironment, macrophages can polarize to M1 (inflammatory) or M2 (anti-inflammatory) phenotypes. Extracellular DnaK (the bacterial ortholog of the mammalian Hsp70) from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) was described to exert immune modulatory roles in an IL-10 dependent manner. We have previously observed that endotoxin-free DnaK can polarize macrophages to an M2-like phenotype. However, the mechanisms that underlie this polarization need to be further investigated. IL-10 has been described to promote macrophage polarization, so we investigated the involvement of this cytokine in macrophages stimulated with extracellular DnaK. IL-10 was required to induce the expression of M2 markers - Ym1 and Fizz, when macrophages were treated with DnaK. Blockade of IL-10R also impaired DnaK induced polarization, demonstrating the requirement of the IL-10/IL-10R signaling pathway in this polarization. DnaK was able to induce TGF-β mRNA in treated macrophages in an IL-10 dependent manner. However, protein TGF-β could not be detected in culture supernatants. Finally, using an in vivo allogeneic melanoma model, we observed that DnaK-treated macrophages can promote tumor growth in an IL-10-dependent manner. Our results indicate that the IL-10/IL-10R axis is required for DnaK-induced M2-like polarization in murine macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael L Lopes
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Biomedical Research Institute, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 90680-001, Brazil
| | - Thiago J Borges
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Biomedical Research Institute, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 90680-001, Brazil
| | - Rafael F Zanin
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Unilassale, Canoas, RS 92010-000, Brazil
| | - Cristina Bonorino
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Biomedical Research Institute, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 90680-001, Brazil.
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16
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Maueröder C, Chaurio RA, Dumych T, Podolska M, Lootsik MD, Culemann S, Friedrich RP, Bilyy R, Alexiou C, Schett G, Berens C, Herrmann M, Munoz LE. A blast without power - cell death induced by the tuberculosis-necrotizing toxin fails to elicit adequate immune responses. Cell Death Differ 2016; 23:1016-25. [PMID: 26943324 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2016.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Revised: 12/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we deploy a doxycycline-dependent suicide switch integrated in a tumor challenge model. With this experimental setup, we characterized the immunological consequences of cells dying by four distinct cell death stimuli in vivo. We observed that apoptotic cell death induced by expression of the truncated form of BH3 interacting-domain death agonist (tBid) and a constitutively active form of caspase 3 (revC3), respectively, showed higher immunogenicity than cell death induced by expression of the tuberculosis-necrotizing toxin (TNT). Our data indicate that the early release of ATP induces the silent clearance of dying cells, whereas the simultaneous presence of 'find me' signals and danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) promotes inflammatory reactions and increased immunogenicity. This proposed model is supported by findings showing that the production and release of high concentrations of IL-27 by bone-marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) is limited to BMDM exposed to those forms of death that simultaneously released ATP and the DAMPs heat-shock protein 90 (HSP90) and high-mobility group box-1 protein (HMGB1). These results demonstrate that the tissue microenvironment generated by dying cells may determine the subsequent immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Maueröder
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - R A Chaurio
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - T Dumych
- Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine.,Institute of Cell Biology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - M Podolska
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - M D Lootsik
- Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine.,Institute of Cell Biology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - S Culemann
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - R P Friedrich
- ENT Clinic, Section of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON), Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung Professorship, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - R Bilyy
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - C Alexiou
- ENT Clinic, Section of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON), Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung Professorship, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - G Schett
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - C Berens
- Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Jena, Germany
| | - M Herrmann
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - L E Munoz
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
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17
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Garg AD, Galluzzi L, Apetoh L, Baert T, Birge RB, Bravo-San Pedro JM, Breckpot K, Brough D, Chaurio R, Cirone M, Coosemans A, Coulie PG, De Ruysscher D, Dini L, de Witte P, Dudek-Peric AM, Faggioni A, Fucikova J, Gaipl US, Golab J, Gougeon ML, Hamblin MR, Hemminki A, Herrmann M, Hodge JW, Kepp O, Kroemer G, Krysko DV, Land WG, Madeo F, Manfredi AA, Mattarollo SR, Maueroder C, Merendino N, Multhoff G, Pabst T, Ricci JE, Riganti C, Romano E, Rufo N, Smyth MJ, Sonnemann J, Spisek R, Stagg J, Vacchelli E, Vandenabeele P, Vandenberk L, Van den Eynde BJ, Van Gool S, Velotti F, Zitvogel L, Agostinis P. Molecular and Translational Classifications of DAMPs in Immunogenic Cell Death. Front Immunol 2015; 6:588. [PMID: 26635802 PMCID: PMC4653610 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 276] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The immunogenicity of malignant cells has recently been acknowledged as a critical determinant of efficacy in cancer therapy. Thus, besides developing direct immunostimulatory regimens, including dendritic cell-based vaccines, checkpoint-blocking therapies, and adoptive T-cell transfer, researchers have started to focus on the overall immunobiology of neoplastic cells. It is now clear that cancer cells can succumb to some anticancer therapies by undergoing a peculiar form of cell death that is characterized by an increased immunogenic potential, owing to the emission of the so-called “damage-associated molecular patterns” (DAMPs). The emission of DAMPs and other immunostimulatory factors by cells succumbing to immunogenic cell death (ICD) favors the establishment of a productive interface with the immune system. This results in the elicitation of tumor-targeting immune responses associated with the elimination of residual, treatment-resistant cancer cells, as well as with the establishment of immunological memory. Although ICD has been characterized with increased precision since its discovery, several questions remain to be addressed. Here, we summarize and tabulate the main molecular, immunological, preclinical, and clinical aspects of ICD, in an attempt to capture the essence of this phenomenon, and identify future challenges for this rapidly expanding field of investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek D Garg
- Cell Death Research and Therapy Laboratory, Department of Cellular Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven - University of Leuven , Leuven , Belgium
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Equipe 11 Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers , Paris , France ; U1138, INSERM , Paris , France ; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité , Paris , France ; Université Pierre et Marie Curie , Paris , France ; Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute , Villejuif , France
| | - Lionel Apetoh
- U866, INSERM , Dijon , France ; Faculté de Médecine, Université de Bourgogne , Dijon , France ; Centre Georges François Leclerc , Dijon , France
| | - Thais Baert
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, UZ Leuven , Leuven , Belgium ; Laboratory of Gynaecologic Oncology, Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven , Leuven , Belgium
| | - Raymond B Birge
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Molecular Genetics, University Hospital Cancer Center, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School , Newark, NJ , USA
| | - José Manuel Bravo-San Pedro
- Equipe 11 Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers , Paris , France ; U1138, INSERM , Paris , France ; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité , Paris , France ; Université Pierre et Marie Curie , Paris , France ; Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute , Villejuif , France
| | - Karine Breckpot
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel , Jette , Belgium
| | - David Brough
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester , Manchester , UK
| | - Ricardo Chaurio
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nurnberg , Erlangen , Germany
| | - Mara Cirone
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome , Rome , Italy
| | - An Coosemans
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, UZ Leuven , Leuven , Belgium ; Laboratory of Gynaecologic Oncology, Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven , Leuven , Belgium
| | - Pierre G Coulie
- de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain , Brussels , Belgium
| | - Dirk De Ruysscher
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven - University of Leuven , Leuven , Belgium
| | - Luciana Dini
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Technology, University of Salento , Salento , Italy
| | - Peter de Witte
- Laboratory for Molecular Biodiscovery, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven - University of Leuven , Leuven , Belgium
| | - Aleksandra M Dudek-Peric
- Cell Death Research and Therapy Laboratory, Department of Cellular Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven - University of Leuven , Leuven , Belgium
| | | | - Jitka Fucikova
- SOTIO , Prague , Czech Republic ; Department of Immunology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Motol, Charles University , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Udo S Gaipl
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen , Erlangen , Germany
| | - Jakub Golab
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw , Warsaw , Poland
| | | | - Michael R Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital , Boston, MA , USA
| | - Akseli Hemminki
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Transplantation Laboratory, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki , Helsinki , Finland ; Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center , Helsinki , Finland ; TILT Biotherapeutics Ltd. , Helsinki , Finland
| | - Martin Herrmann
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nurnberg , Erlangen , Germany
| | - James W Hodge
- Recombinant Vaccine Group, Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD , USA
| | - Oliver Kepp
- Equipe 11 Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers , Paris , France ; U1138, INSERM , Paris , France ; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité , Paris , France ; Université Pierre et Marie Curie , Paris , France ; Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute , Villejuif , France
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Equipe 11 Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers , Paris , France ; U1138, INSERM , Paris , France ; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité , Paris , France ; Université Pierre et Marie Curie , Paris , France ; Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute , Villejuif , France ; Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP , Paris , France ; Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska University Hospital , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Dmitri V Krysko
- Molecular Signaling and Cell Death Unit, Inflammation Research Center, VIB , Ghent , Belgium ; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University , Ghent , Belgium
| | - Walter G Land
- Molecular ImmunoRheumatology, INSERM UMRS1109, Laboratory of Excellence Transplantex, University of Strasbourg , Strasbourg , France
| | - Frank Madeo
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz , Graz , Austria ; BioTechMed Graz , Graz , Austria
| | - Angelo A Manfredi
- IRRCS Istituto Scientifico San Raffaele, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele , Milan , Italy
| | - Stephen R Mattarollo
- Translational Research Institute, University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, University of Queensland , Wooloongabba, QLD , Australia
| | - Christian Maueroder
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nurnberg , Erlangen , Germany
| | - Nicolò Merendino
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, Tuscia University , Viterbo , Italy
| | - Gabriele Multhoff
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München , Munich , Germany
| | - Thomas Pabst
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital , Bern , Switzerland
| | - Jean-Ehrland Ricci
- INSERM, U1065, Université de Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Équipe "Contrôle Métabolique des Morts Cellulaires" , Nice , France
| | - Chiara Riganti
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin , Turin , Italy
| | - Erminia Romano
- Cell Death Research and Therapy Laboratory, Department of Cellular Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven - University of Leuven , Leuven , Belgium
| | - Nicole Rufo
- Cell Death Research and Therapy Laboratory, Department of Cellular Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven - University of Leuven , Leuven , Belgium
| | - Mark J Smyth
- Immunology in Cancer and Infection Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Insitute , Herston, QLD , Australia ; School of Medicine, University of Queensland , Herston, QLD , Australia
| | - Jürgen Sonnemann
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Children's Clinic, Jena University Hospital , Jena , Germany
| | - Radek Spisek
- SOTIO , Prague , Czech Republic ; Department of Immunology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Motol, Charles University , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - John Stagg
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Montréal , Montreal, QC , Canada
| | - Erika Vacchelli
- Equipe 11 Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers , Paris , France ; U1138, INSERM , Paris , France ; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité , Paris , France ; Université Pierre et Marie Curie , Paris , France ; Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute , Villejuif , France
| | - Peter Vandenabeele
- Molecular Signaling and Cell Death Unit, Inflammation Research Center, VIB , Ghent , Belgium ; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University , Ghent , Belgium
| | - Lien Vandenberk
- Laboratory of Pediatric Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven - University of Leuven , Leuven , Belgium
| | - Benoit J Van den Eynde
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain , Brussels , Belgium
| | - Stefaan Van Gool
- Laboratory of Pediatric Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven - University of Leuven , Leuven , Belgium
| | - Francesca Velotti
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, Tuscia University , Viterbo , Italy
| | - Laurence Zitvogel
- Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute , Villejuif , France ; University of Paris Sud , Le Kremlin-Bicêtre , France ; U1015, INSERM , Villejuif , France ; Center of Clinical Investigations in Biotherapies of Cancer (CICBT) 507 , Villejuif , France
| | - Patrizia Agostinis
- Cell Death Research and Therapy Laboratory, Department of Cellular Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven - University of Leuven , Leuven , Belgium
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18
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Abstract
The immune system struggles every day between responding to foreign antigens and tolerating self-antigens to delicately maintain tissue homeostasis. If self-tolerance is broken, the development of autoimmunity can be the consequence, as it is in the case of the chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). SLE is considered to be a multifactorial disease comprising various processes and cell types that act abnormally and in a harmful way. Oxidative stress, infections, or, in general, tissue injury are accompanied by massive cellular demise. Several processes such as apoptosis, necrosis, or NETosis (formation of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps [NETs]) may occur alone or in combination. If clearance of dead cells is insufficient, cellular debris may accumulate and trigger inflammation and leakage of cytoplasmic and nuclear autoantigens like ribonucleoproteins, DNA, or histones. Inadequate removal of cellular remnants in the germinal centers of secondary lymphoid organs may result in the presentation of autoantigens by follicular dendritic cells to autoreactive B cells that had been generated by chance during the process of somatic hypermutation (loss of peripheral tolerance). The improper exposure of nuclear autoantigens in this delicate location is consequently prone to break self-tolerance to nuclear autoantigens. Indeed, the germline variants of autoantibodies often do not show autoreactivity. The subsequent production of autoantibodies plays a critical role in the development of the complex immunological disorder fostering SLE. Immune complexes composed of cell-derived autoantigens and autoantibodies are formed and get deposited in various tissues, such as the kidney, leading to severe organ damage. Alternatively, they may also be formed in situ by binding to planted antigens of circulating autoantibodies. Here, we review current knowledge about the etiopathogenesis of SLE including the involvement of different types of cell death, serving as the potential source of autoantigens, and impaired clearance of cell remnants, causing accumulation of cellular debris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata J Podolska
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Institute for Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Mona Hc Biermann
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Institute for Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christian Maueröder
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Institute for Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jonas Hahn
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Institute for Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Martin Herrmann
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Institute for Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
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19
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Abstract
In an organism, cell death occurs at many different sites and in many different forms. It is frequently part of normal development or serves to maintain cell homeostasis. In other cases, cell death not only occurs due to injury, disease or infection, but also as a consequence of various therapeutic interventions. However, in all of these scenarios, the immune system has to react to the dying and dead cells and decide whether to mount an immune response, to remain quiet or to initiate healing and repopulation. This is essential for the organism, testified by many diseases that are associated with malfunctioning in the cell death process, the corpse removal, or the ensuing immune responsiveness. Therefore, dying cells generally have to be considered as instructors of the immune system. How this happens and which signals and pathways contribute to modulate or shape the immune response is still elusive in many conditions. The articles presented in this Special Issue address such open questions. They highlight that the context in which cell death occurs will not only influence the cell death process itself, but also affect the surrounding cellular milieu, how the generation and presence of 'eat me' signals can have an impact on cell clearance, and that the exact nature of the residual 'debris' and how it is processed are fundamental to determining the immunological consequences. Hopefully, these articles initiate new approaches and new experiments to complete our understanding of how cell death and the immune system interact with each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- L E Munoz
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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