1
|
Kirk NM, Liang Y, Ly H. Comparative Pathology of Animal Models for Influenza A Virus Infection. Pathogens 2023; 13:35. [PMID: 38251342 PMCID: PMC10820042 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13010035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Animal models are essential for studying disease pathogenesis and to test the efficacy and safety of new vaccines and therapeutics. For most diseases, there is no single model that can recapitulate all features of the human condition, so it is vital to understand the advantages and disadvantages of each. The purpose of this review is to describe popular comparative animal models, including mice, ferrets, hamsters, and non-human primates (NHPs), that are being used to study clinical and pathological changes caused by influenza A virus infection with the aim to aid in appropriate model selection for disease modeling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hinh Ly
- Department of Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, MN 55108, USA; (N.M.K.); (Y.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Dimka J, van Doren TP, Battles HT. Pandemics, past and present: The role of biological anthropology in interdisciplinary pandemic studies. American Journal of Biological Anthropology 2022. [PMCID: PMC9082061 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Biological anthropologists are ideally suited for the study of pandemics given their strengths in human biology, health, culture, and behavior, yet pandemics have historically not been a major focus of research. The COVID‐19 pandemic has reinforced the need to understand pandemic causes and unequal consequences at multiple levels. Insights from past pandemics can strengthen the knowledge base and inform the study of current and future pandemics through an anthropological lens. In this paper, we discuss the distinctive social and epidemiological features of pandemics, as well as the ways in which biological anthropologists have previously studied infectious diseases, epidemics, and pandemics. We then review interdisciplinary research on three pandemics–1918 influenza, 2009 influenza, and COVID‐19–focusing on persistent social inequalities in morbidity and mortality related to sex and gender; race, ethnicity, and Indigeneity; and pre‐existing health and disability. Following this review of the current state of pandemic research on these topics, we conclude with a discussion of ways biological anthropologists can contribute to this field moving forward. Biological anthropologists can add rich historical and cross‐cultural depth to the study of pandemics, provide insights into the biosocial complexities of pandemics using the theory of syndemics, investigate the social and health impacts of stress and stigma, and address important methodological and ethical issues. As COVID‐19 is unlikely to be the last global pandemic, stronger involvement of biological anthropology in pandemic studies and public health policy and research is vital.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Dimka
- Centre for Research on Pandemics and Society Oslo Metropolitan University Oslo Norway
| | | | - Heather T. Battles
- Anthropology, School of Social Sciences The University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Park ES, Dezhbord M, Lee AR, Kim KH. The Roles of Ubiquitination in Pathogenesis of Influenza Virus Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094593. [PMID: 35562987 PMCID: PMC9105177 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitin system denotes a potent post-translational modification machinery that is capable of activation or deactivation of target proteins through reversible linkage of a single ubiquitin or ubiquitin chains. Ubiquitination regulates major cellular functions such as protein degradation, trafficking and signaling pathways, innate immune response, antiviral defense, and virus replication. The RNA sensor RIG-I ubiquitination is specifically induced by influenza A virus (IAV) to activate type I IFN production. Influenza virus modulates the activity of major antiviral proteins in the host cell to complete its full life cycle. Its structural and non-structural proteins, matrix proteins and the polymerase complex can regulate host immunity and antiviral response. The polymerase PB1-F2 of mutated 1918 IAV, adapts a novel IFN antagonist function by sending the DDX3 into proteasomal degradation. Ultimately the fate of virus is determined by the outcome of interplay between viral components and host antiviral proteins and ubiquitination has a central role in the encounter of virus and its host cell.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Sook Park
- Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea;
| | - Mehrangiz Dezhbord
- Department of Precision Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 16419, Korea; (M.D.); (A.R.L.)
| | - Ah Ram Lee
- Department of Precision Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 16419, Korea; (M.D.); (A.R.L.)
| | - Kyun-Hwan Kim
- Department of Precision Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 16419, Korea; (M.D.); (A.R.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-31-299-6126
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Affiliation(s)
- David S Pisetsky
- Department of Medicine and Immunology and Medical Research Service, Duke University Medical Center and Veterans Administration Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kevin L Winthrop
- School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhao J, Hao Y, Xia X, Li R, Huang X, Yang Z, Wang X. Chaiqin Qingning Capsule Inhibits Influenza Virus Infection and Inflammation In Vitro and In Vivo. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2021; 2021:6640731. [PMID: 34552653 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6640731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Background Chaiqin Qingning Capsule (CQ-C) is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula commonly used to treat respiratory infectious diseases in China. The aim of this study was to detect the effect and mechanism of CQ-C treated with influenza virus in vitro and vivo. Methods The cytotoxicity and antiviral activity of CQ-C in vitro was determined by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay. The regulation of CQ-C on cytokine/chemokine expression was evaluated using RT-qPCR. In addition, the effect of CQ-C on the pathway protein, NF-κB, and its phosphorylation level was verified by western blotting. After virus inoculation, BALB/c mice were administered with CQ-C of different concentrations for 7 days. Body weight, viral titer, lung pathology, and mortality of the mice were measured, and the level of inflammatory cytokines was also examined using real-time RT-qPCR. Results CQ-C inhibited the proliferation of influenza virus of various strains in vitro, with the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) ranging from 49 to 59 µg/mL. CQ-C downregulated virus-induced gene expression of IL-6, TNF-α, CXCL8, CXCL10, CCL5, and COX-2 in a dose-dependent manner in A549 cells. Also, CQ-C inhibited the expression of NF-κB protein of the signaling pathway. Moreover, a decrease of the lung index and mortality of mice was observed in the CQ-C (1 g/kg/d) group. The related cytokine/chemokine expression was also decreased in the early stages of infection in the mRNA level. Conclusion As a clinically applied Chinese prescription, our study shows that CQ-C has a wide range of effects on several influenza viruses. Moreover, CQ-C could play an important role in anti-influenza activity and anti-inflammation in vitro and in vivo. Thus, CQ-C may be a promising treatment option for influenza.
Collapse
|
6
|
von Bahr Greenwood T, Holzgraefe B, Chiang SCC, Wang Y, Tesi B, Bryceson YT, Henter JI. Clinical and laboratory signs of haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis associated with pandemic influenza A (H1N1) infection in patients needing extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: A retrospective observational study. Eur J Anaesthesiol 2021; 38:692-701. [PMID: 33186307 DOI: 10.1097/EJA.0000000000001386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe pandemic influenza has been associated with the hyperinflammatory condition secondary haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH). OBJECTIVES To determine the frequency, degree, character and possible cause of influenza-associated HLH in critically ill patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome due to influenza A (H1N1) infection requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support at our hospital. DESIGN A retrospective observational study. PATIENTS AND SETTING Medical data were retrieved retrospectively from 11 consenting patients of thirteen adults infected with pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 requiring ECMO between July 2009 and January 2010 at the ECMO Centre of Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden. All patients were evaluated for HLH using HLH-2004 criteria and HScore. RESULTS Eleven patients (median age 31 years) were included in the study and all survived. All patients showed signs of multiple organ dysfunction and pronounced inflammation, more severe in the four patients with HLH who had significantly higher peak serum concentrations of ferritin (P = 0.024), alkaline phosphatase (P = 0.012) and gamma-glutamyl transferase (P = 0.024), lower concentration of albumin (P = 0.0086) and more frequently hepatomegaly (P = 0.048). Abnormal lymphocyte cytotoxicity (lytic units <10) and a low proportion of natural killer (NK) cells were observed in three of four patients with HLH. Notably, we found a significant inverse correlation between serum ferritin concentration and NK cell and cytotoxic T lymphocyte percentages (rs = -0.74, P = 0.0013 and rs = -0.79, P = 0.0025, respectively). One HLH patient received HLH-directed cytotoxic therapy, another intravenous immunoglobulin and the other two no specific HLH-directed therapy. CONCLUSION Critically ill patients, including healthy young adults, with pandemic influenza may develop HLH and should be monitored for signs of hyperinflammation and increasing organ dysfunction, and evaluated promptly for HLH because HLH-directed therapy may then be beneficial. The association of low NK percentages with hyperferritinaemia may suggest a role for reduced NK cell numbers, possibly also cytotoxic T lymphocytes, and subsequently reduced lymphocyte cytotoxicity, in the pathogenesis of hyperinflammation and secondary HLH.
Collapse
|
7
|
de Candia P, Prattichizzo F, Garavelli S, Matarese G. T Cells: Warriors of SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Trends Immunol 2021; 42:18-30. [PMID: 33277181 PMCID: PMC7664351 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2020.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Severe infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2 is characterized by massive cytokine release and T cell loss. The exaggerated host immune response, incapable of viral clearance, instead aggravates respiratory distress, as well as cardiac, and/or damage to other organs. The mortality pattern of SARS-CoV-2 infection, higher in older versus younger adults and almost absent in children, is possibly caused by the effects of age and pre-existing comorbidities on innate and adaptive immunity. Here, we speculate that the abnormal and excessive immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection partly depends on T cell immunological memory, which is more pronounced in adults compared with children, and may significantly contribute to immunopathology and massive collateral damage in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Silvia Garavelli
- Istituto per l'Endocrinologia e l'Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IEOS-CNR), 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Matarese
- Istituto per l'Endocrinologia e l'Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IEOS-CNR), 80131 Napoli, Italy; Treg Cell Lab, Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Napoli Federico II, 80131 Napoli, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Chen J, Kelley WJ, Goldstein DR. Role of Aging and the Immune Response to Respiratory Viral Infections: Potential Implications for COVID-19. J Immunol 2020; 205:313-320. [PMID: 32493812 PMCID: PMC7343582 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Aging impairs immunity to promote diseases, especially respiratory viral infections. The current COVID-19 pandemic, resulting from SARS-CoV-2, induces acute pneumonia, a phenotype that is alarmingly increased with aging. In this article, we review findings of how aging alters immunity to respiratory viral infections to identify age-impacted pathways common to several viral pathogens, permitting us to speculate about potential mechanisms of age-enhanced mortality to COVID-19. Aging generally leads to exaggerated innate immunity, particularly in the form of elevated neutrophil accumulation across murine and large animal studies of influenza infection. COVID-19 patients who succumb exhibit a 2-fold increase in neutrophilia, suggesting that exaggerated innate immunity contributes to age-enhanced mortality to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Further investigation in relevant experimental models will elucidate the mechanisms by which aging impacts respiratory viral infections, including SARS-CoV-2. Such investigation could identify therapies to reduce the suffering of the population at large, but especially among older people, infected with respiratory viruses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Judy Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
- Program in Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109; and
| | - William J Kelley
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Daniel R Goldstein
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109;
- Program in Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109; and
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Park ES, Byun YH, Park S, Jang YH, Han WR, Won J, Cho KC, Kim DH, Lee AR, Shin GC, Park YK, Kang HS, Sim H, Ha YN, Jae B, Son A, Kim P, Yu J, Lee HM, Kwon SB, Kim KP, Lee SH, Park YM, Seong BL, Kim KH. Co-degradation of interferon signaling factor DDX3 by PB1-F2 as a basis for high virulence of 1918 pandemic influenza. EMBO J 2019; 38:embj.201899475. [PMID: 30979777 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201899475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The multifunctional influenza virus protein PB1-F2 plays several roles in deregulation of host innate immune responses and is a known immunopathology enhancer of the 1918 influenza pandemic. Here, we show that the 1918 PB1-F2 protein not only interferes with the mitochondria-dependent pathway of type I interferon (IFN) signaling, but also acquired a novel IFN antagonist function by targeting the DEAD-box helicase DDX3, a key downstream mediator in antiviral interferon signaling, toward proteasome-dependent degradation. Interactome analysis revealed that 1918 PB1-F2, but not PR8 PB1-F2, binds to DDX3 and causes its co-degradation. Consistent with intrinsic protein instability as basis for this gain-of-function, internal structural disorder is associated with the unique cytotoxic sequences of the 1918 PB1-F2 protein. Infusing mice with recombinant DDX3 protein completely rescued them from lethal infection with the 1918 PB1-F2-producing virus. Alongside NS1 protein, 1918 PB1-F2 therefore constitutes a potent IFN antagonist causative for the severe pathogenicity of the 1918 influenza strain. Our identification of molecular determinants of pathogenesis should be useful for the future design of new antiviral strategies against influenza pandemics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Sook Park
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research and Diagnostic Medicine, IBST, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea.,KU Open Innovation Center, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Ho Byun
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.,Vaccine Translational Research Center, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soree Park
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research and Diagnostic Medicine, IBST, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yo Han Jang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.,Vaccine Translational Research Center, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Woo-Ry Han
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research and Diagnostic Medicine, IBST, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Juhee Won
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research and Diagnostic Medicine, IBST, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung Cho Cho
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Korea
| | - Doo Hyun Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research and Diagnostic Medicine, IBST, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ah Ram Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research and Diagnostic Medicine, IBST, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gu-Choul Shin
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research and Diagnostic Medicine, IBST, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong Kwang Park
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research and Diagnostic Medicine, IBST, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hong Seok Kang
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research and Diagnostic Medicine, IBST, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Heewoo Sim
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research and Diagnostic Medicine, IBST, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yea Na Ha
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research and Diagnostic Medicine, IBST, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byeongjune Jae
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research and Diagnostic Medicine, IBST, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ahyun Son
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Paul Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.,Vaccine Translational Research Center, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jieun Yu
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye-Min Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun-Bin Kwon
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kwang Pyo Kim
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Korea
| | - Seung-Hyun Lee
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeong-Min Park
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Differentiation and Regulation, Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Baik L Seong
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea .,Vaccine Translational Research Center, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyun-Hwan Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research and Diagnostic Medicine, IBST, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea .,KU Open Innovation Center, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea.,Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Jester B, Uyeki TM, Jernigan DB, Tumpey TM. Historical and clinical aspects of the 1918 H1N1 pandemic in the United States. Virology 2019; 527:32-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2018.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
11
|
Belser JA, Maines TR, Tumpey TM. Importance of 1918 virus reconstruction to current assessments of pandemic risk. Virology 2018; 524:45-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2018.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
|
12
|
Mendonça AAS, Coelho CM, Veloso MP, Caldas IS, Gonçalves RV, Teixeira AL, de Miranda AS, Novaes RD. Relevance of Trypanothione Reductase Inhibitors on Trypanosoma cruzi Infection: A Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis, and In Silico Integrated Approach. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2018; 2018:8676578. [PMID: 30473742 PMCID: PMC6220389 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8676578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Due to the rudimentary antioxidant defenses in Trypanosoma cruzi, disruptors of redox balance are promising candidates for new antitrypanosomal drugs. We developed an integrated model based on systematic review, meta-analyses, and molecular modeling to evaluate the effect of trypanothione reductase (TR) inhibitors in T. cruzi infections. Our findings indicated that the TR inhibitors analyzed were effective in reducing parasitemia and mortality due to Trypanosoma cruzi infection in animal models. The most investigated drugs (clomipramine and thioridazine) showed no beneficial effects on the occurrence of infection-related electrocardiographic abnormalities or the affinity and density of cardiac β-adrenergic receptors. The affinity between the tested ligands and the active site of TR was confirmed by molecular docking. However, the molecular affinity score was unable to explain TR inhibition and T. cruzi death in vitro or the antiparasitic potential of these drugs when tested in preclinical models of T. cruzi infection. The divergence of in silico, in vitro, and in vivo findings indicated that the anti-T. cruzi effects of the analyzed drugs were not restricted to TR inhibition. As in vivo studies on TR inhibitors are still scarce and exhibit methodological limitations, mechanistic and highly controlled studies are required to improve the quality of evidence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andréa Aparecida Santos Mendonça
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, 37130-001 Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Department of Structural Biology, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, 37130-001 Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Camila Morais Coelho
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, 37130-001 Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marcia Paranho Veloso
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, 37130-001 Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ivo Santana Caldas
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, 37130-001 Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Department of Pathology and Parasitology, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, 37130-001 Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Antônio Lucio Teixeira
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Investigation, School of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 30130-100 Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Aline Silva de Miranda
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Investigation, School of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 30130-100 Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 30130-100 Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rômulo Dias Novaes
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, 37130-001 Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Department of Structural Biology, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, 37130-001 Minas Gerais, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Singh RK, Dhama K, Karthik K, Khandia R, Munjal A, Khurana SK, Chakraborty S, Malik YS, Virmani N, Singh R, Tripathi BN, Munir M, van der Kolk JH. A Comprehensive Review on Equine Influenza Virus: Etiology, Epidemiology, Pathobiology, Advances in Developing Diagnostics, Vaccines, and Control Strategies. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1941. [PMID: 30237788 PMCID: PMC6135912 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Among all the emerging and re-emerging animal diseases, influenza group is the prototype member associated with severe respiratory infections in wide host species. Wherein, Equine influenza (EI) is the main cause of respiratory illness in equines across globe and is caused by equine influenza A virus (EIV-A) which has impacted the equine industry internationally due to high morbidity and marginal morality. The virus transmits easily by direct contact and inhalation making its spread global and leaving only limited areas untouched. Hitherto reports confirm that this virus crosses the species barriers and found to affect canines and few other animal species (cat and camel). EIV is continuously evolving with changes at the amino acid level wreaking the control program a tedious task. Until now, no natural EI origin infections have been reported explicitly in humans. Recent advances in the diagnostics have led to efficient surveillance and rapid detection of EIV infections at the onset of outbreaks. Incessant surveillance programs will aid in opting a better control strategy for this virus by updating the circulating vaccine strains. Recurrent vaccination failures against this virus due to antigenic drift and shift have been disappointing, however better understanding of the virus pathogenesis would make it easier to design effective vaccines predominantly targeting the conserved epitopes (HA glycoprotein). Additionally, the cold adapted and canarypox vectored vaccines are proving effective in ceasing the severity of disease. Furthermore, better understanding of its genetics and molecular biology will help in estimating the rate of evolution and occurrence of pandemics in future. Here, we highlight the advances occurred in understanding the etiology, epidemiology and pathobiology of EIV and a special focus is on designing and developing effective diagnostics, vaccines and control strategies for mitigating the emerging menace by EIV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raj K. Singh
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Kumaragurubaran Karthik
- Central University Laboratory, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, India
| | - Rekha Khandia
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Barkatullah University, Bhopal, India
| | - Ashok Munjal
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Barkatullah University, Bhopal, India
| | | | - Sandip Chakraborty
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, West Tripura, India
| | - Yashpal S. Malik
- Division of Biological Standardization, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | | | - Rajendra Singh
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | | | - Muhammad Munir
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | - Johannes H. van der Kolk
- Division of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Swiss Institute for Equine Medicine (ISME), Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern and Agroscope, Bern, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kumar B, Manuja A, Gulati BR, Virmani N, Tripathi B. Zoonotic Viral Diseases of Equines and Their Impact on Human and Animal Health. Open Virol J 2018; 12:80-98. [PMID: 30288197 PMCID: PMC6142672 DOI: 10.2174/1874357901812010080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Zoonotic diseases are the infectious diseases that can be transmitted to human beings and vice versa from animals either directly or indirectly. These diseases can be caused by a range of organisms including bacteria, parasites, viruses and fungi. Viral diseases are highly infectious and capable of causing pandemics as evidenced by outbreaks of diseases like Ebola, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome, West Nile, SARS-Corona, Nipah, Hendra, Avian influenza and Swine influenza. EXPALANTION Many viruses affecting equines are also important human pathogens. Diseases like Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE), Western equine encephalitis (WEE), and Venezuelan-equine encephalitis (VEE) are highly infectious and can be disseminated as aerosols. A large number of horses and human cases of VEE with fatal encephalitis have continuously occurred in Venezuela and Colombia. Vesicular stomatitis (VS) is prevalent in horses in North America and has zoonotic potential causing encephalitis in children. Hendra virus (HeV) causes respiratory and neurological disease and death in man and horses. Since its first outbreak in 1994, 53 disease incidents have been reported in Australia. West Nile fever has spread to many newer territories across continents during recent years.It has been described in Africa, Europe, South Asia, Oceania and North America. Japanese encephalitis has expanded horizons from Asia to western Pacific region including the eastern Indonesian archipelago, Papua New Guinea and Australia. Rabies is rare in horses but still a public health concern being a fatal disease. Equine influenza is historically not known to affect humans but many scientists have mixed opinions. Equine viral diseases of zoonotic importance and their impact on animal and human health have been elaborated in this article. CONCLUSION Equine viral diseases though restricted to certain geographical areas have huge impact on equine and human health. Diseases like West Nile fever, Hendra, VS, VEE, EEE, JE, Rabies have the potential for spread and ability to cause disease in human. Equine influenza is historically not known to affect humans but some experimental and observational evidence show that H3N8 influenza virus has infected man. Despite our pursuit of understanding the complexity of the vector-host-pathogen mediating disease transmission, it is not possible to make generalized predictions concerning the degree of impact of disease emergence. A targeted, multidisciplinary effort is required to understand the risk factors for zoonosis and apply the interventions necessary to control it.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Balvinder Kumar
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar-125001, India
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ranadheera C, Coombs KM, Kobasa D. Comprehending a Killer: The Akt/mTOR Signaling Pathways Are Temporally High-Jacked by the Highly Pathogenic 1918 Influenza Virus. EBioMedicine 2018; 32:142-163. [PMID: 29866590 PMCID: PMC6021456 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous transcriptomic analyses suggested that the 1918 influenza A virus (IAV1918), one of the most devastating pandemic viruses of the 20th century, induces a dysfunctional cytokine storm and affects other innate immune response patterns. Because all viruses are obligate parasites that require host cells for replication, we globally assessed how IAV1918 induces host protein dysregulation. We performed quantitative mass spectrometry of IAV1918-infected cells to measure host protein dysregulation. Selected proteins were validated by immunoblotting and phosphorylation levels of members of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway were assessed. Compared to mock-infected controls, >170 proteins in the IAV1918-infected cells were dysregulated. Proteins mapped to amino sugar metabolism, purine metabolism, steroid biosynthesis, transmembrane receptors, phosphatases and transcription regulation. Immunoblotting demonstrated that IAV1918 induced a slight up-regulation of the lamin B receptor whereas all other tested virus strains induced a significant down-regulation. IAV1918 also strongly induced Rab5b expression whereas all other tested viruses induced minor up-regulation or down-regulation. IAV1918 showed early reduced phosphorylation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway members and was especially sensitive to rapamycin. These results suggest the 1918 strain requires mTORC1 activity in early replication events, and may explain the unique pathogenicity of this virus. Proteomic analyses of influenza 1918 virus-infected cells identified >170 dysregulated host proteins. Dysregulated proteins mapped to numerous important cellular pathways. 1918 virus infection showed prominent early reduced phosphorylation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR.
The 1918 influenza pandemic was one of the most devastating infectious disease events of the 20th century, resulting in 20–100 million deaths. Gene-based assays showed severe dysregulation of the host's cytokine responses, but little was known about global protein responses to virus infection. This work identifies unique and temporal alterations in phosphorylation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, which is important in determining cell death. This work paves the way for further research on how this pathway influences host mechanisms responsible for aiding virus replication and in determining levels and severity of influenza virus-induced patho
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charlene Ranadheera
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0J6, Canada; Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 3R2, Canada
| | - Kevin M Coombs
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0J6, Canada; Manitoba Centre for Proteomics & Systems Biology, Room 799, 715 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 3P4, Canada; Manitoba Institute of Child Health, John Buhler Research Centre, Room 513, 715 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 3P4, Canada.
| | - Darwyn Kobasa
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0J6, Canada; Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 3R2, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Shanks GD, Wilson N, Kippen R, Brundage JF. The unusually diverse mortality patterns in the Pacific region during the 1918-21 influenza pandemic: reflections at the pandemic's centenary. Lancet Infect Dis 2018; 18:e323-e332. [PMID: 29754745 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(18)30178-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The 1918-21 influenza pandemic was the most lethal natural event in recent history. In the Pacific region, the pandemic's effects varied greatly across different populations and settings. In this region, the pandemic's lethal effects extended over 3 years, from November, 1918, in New Zealand to as late as July, 1921, in New Caledonia. Although a single virus strain probably affected all the islands, mortality varied from less than 0·1% in Tasmania, to 22% in Western Samoa. The varied expressions of the pandemic across the islands reflected the nature and timing of past influenza epidemics, degrees of social isolation, ethnicity and sex-related effects, and the likelihood of exposures to pathogenic respiratory bacteria during influenza illnesses. The high case-fatality rate associated with this pandemic seems unlikely to recur in future influenza pandemics; however, understanding the critical determinants of the mass mortality associated with the 1918-21 pandemic is essential to prepare for future pandemics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Dennis Shanks
- Australian Army Malaria Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
| | - Nick Wilson
- Department of Public Health, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Rebecca Kippen
- School of Rural Health, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - John F Brundage
- Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Tavares LP, Garcia CC, Machado MG, Queiroz-Junior CM, Barthelemy A, Trottein F, Siqueira MM, Brandolini L, Allegretti M, Machado AM, de Sousa LP, Teixeira MM. CXCR1/2 Antagonism Is Protective during Influenza and Post-Influenza Pneumococcal Infection. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1799. [PMID: 29326698 PMCID: PMC5733534 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale Influenza A infections are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide especially when associated with secondary pneumococcal infections. Inflammation is important to control pathogen proliferation but may also cause tissue injury and death. CXCR1/2 are chemokine receptors relevant for the recruitment of neutrophils. We investigated the role of CXCR1/2 during influenza, pneumococcal, and post-influenza pneumococcal infections. Methods Mice were infected with influenza A virus (IAV) or Streptococcus pneumoniae and then treated daily with the CXCR1/2 antagonist DF2162. To study secondary pneumococcal infection, mice were infected with a sublethal inoculum of IAV then infected with S. pneumoniae 14 days later. DF2162 was given in a therapeutic schedule from days 3 to 6 after influenza infection. Lethality, weight loss, inflammation, virus/bacteria counts, and lung injury were assessed. Results CXCL1 and CXCL2 were produced at high levels during IAV infection. DF2162 treatment decreased morbidity and this was associated with decreased infiltration of neutrophils in the lungs and reduced pulmonary damage and viral titers. During S. pneumoniae infection, DF2162 treatment decreased neutrophil recruitment, pulmonary damage, and lethality rates, without affecting bacteria burden. Therapeutic treatment with DF2162 during sublethal IAV infection reduced the morbidity associated with virus infection and also decreased the magnitude of inflammation, lung damage, and number of bacteria in the blood of mice subsequently infected with S. pneumoniae. Conclusion Modulation of the inflammatory response by blocking CXCR1/2 improves disease outcome during respiratory influenza and pneumococcal infections, without compromising the ability of the murine host to deal with infection. Altogether, inhibition of CXCR1/2 may be a valid therapeutic strategy for treating lung infections caused by these pathogens, especially controlling secondary bacterial infection after influenza.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luciana P Tavares
- Laboratóriode Imunofarmacologia, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciencias Biologicas (ICB), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Cristiana C Garcia
- Laboratório de Vírus Respiratórios e do Sarampo, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marina G Machado
- Laboratóriode Imunofarmacologia, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciencias Biologicas (ICB), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Celso M Queiroz-Junior
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciencias Biologicas (ICB), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Adeline Barthelemy
- Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, INSERM U1019, CNRS UMR 8204, University of Lille, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - François Trottein
- Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, INSERM U1019, CNRS UMR 8204, University of Lille, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Marilda M Siqueira
- Laboratório de Vírus Respiratórios e do Sarampo, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | - Alexandre M Machado
- Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Lirlândia P de Sousa
- Laboratório de Vírus Respiratórios e do Sarampo, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mauro M Teixeira
- Laboratóriode Imunofarmacologia, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciencias Biologicas (ICB), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Wang X, Wu W, Zhang W, Leland Booth J, Duggan ES, Tian L, More S, Zhao YD, Sawh RN, Liu L, Zou MH, Metcalf JP. RIG-I overexpression decreases mortality of cigarette smoke exposed mice during influenza A virus infection. Respir Res 2017; 18:166. [PMID: 28865477 PMCID: PMC5581920 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-017-0649-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) is an important regulator of virus-induced antiviral interferons (IFNs) and proinflammatory cytokines which participate in clearing viral infections. Cigarette smoke (CS) exposure increases the frequency and severity of respiratory tract infections. Methods We generated a RIG-I transgenic (TG) mouse strain that expresses the RIG-I gene product under the control of the human lung specific surfactant protein C promoter. We compared the mortality and host immune responses of RIG-I TG mice and their litter-matched wild type (WT) mice following challenge with influenza A virus (IAV). Results RIG-I overexpression increased survival of IAV-infected mice. CS exposure increased mortality in WT mice infected with IAV. Remarkably, the effect of RIG-I overexpression on survival during IAV infection was enhanced in CS-exposed animals. CS-exposed IAV-infected WT mice had a suppressed innate response profile in the lung compared to sham-exposed IAV-infected WT mice in terms of the protein concentration, total cell count and inflammatory cell composition in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. RIG-I overexpression restored the innate immune response in CS-exposed mice to that seen in sham-exposed WT mice during IAV infection, and is likely responsible for enhanced survival in RIG-I TG mice as restoration preceded death of the animals. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that RIG-I overexpression in mice is protective for CS enhanced susceptibility of smokers to influenza infection, and that CS mediated RIG-I suppression may be partially responsible for the increased morbidity and mortality of the mice exposed to IAV. Thus, optimizing the RIG-I response may be an important treatment strategy for CS-enhanced lung infections, particularly those due to IAV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiu Wang
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Wenxin Wu
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Wei Zhang
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - J Leland Booth
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Elizabeth S Duggan
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Lili Tian
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Sunil More
- The Lundberg-Kienlen Lung Biology and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Physiological Sciences, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Yan D Zhao
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Ravindranauth N Sawh
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.,Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Lin Liu
- The Lundberg-Kienlen Lung Biology and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Physiological Sciences, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Ming-Hui Zou
- Center of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jordan P Metcalf
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA. .,Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA. .,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Kusznierz G, Carolina C, Manuel RJ, Sergio L, Lucila O, Julio B, Mirta V, Pedro M, Graciana M, Andrea U, Elsa Z. Impact of influenza in the post-pandemic phase: Clinical features in hospitalized patients with influenza A (H1N1) pdm09 and H3N2 viruses, during 2013 in Santa Fe, Argentina. J Med Virol 2017; 89:1186-1191. [PMID: 28004402 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
It is important to characterize the clinical and epidemiological pattern of the influenza A (H1N1) pdm09 virus and compare it with influenza A (H3N2) virus, as surveyed in just a few studies, in order to contribute to the implementation and strengthening of influenza control and prevention strategies. The aims in this study were to describe influenza clinical and epidemiological characteristics in hospitalized patients, caused by influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 and influenza A (H3N2) viruses during 2013, in Santa Fe, Argentina. A retrospective study was conducted over 2013 among hospitalized patients with laboratory-confirmed influenza diagnosis. In contrast to patients with influenza A (H3N2) (20.5%), a higher proportion of hospitalizations associated with influenza H1N1pdm were reported among adults aged 35-65 years (42.8%). Of all patients, 73.6% had an underlying medical condition. Hospitalized patients with H1N1pdm were subject to 2.6 (95%CI, 1.0-6.8) times higher risk of severity, than those hospitalized with influenza A (H3N2). This results demonstrate the impact in the post-pandemic era of H1N1pdm virus, with increased risk of severe disease, in relation to H3N2 virus, both viruses co-circulating during 2013.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Kusznierz
- Instituto Nacional Enfermedades Respiratorias "Dr. Emilio Coni", Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Cudós Carolina
- Instituto Nacional Enfermedades Respiratorias "Dr. Emilio Coni", Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Rudi Juan Manuel
- Instituto Nacional Enfermedades Respiratorias "Dr. Emilio Coni", Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Lejona Sergio
- Centro de Especialidades Médicas de Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | | | | | - Villani Mirta
- Dirección Provincial de Promoción y Protección de la Salud, Ministerio de Salud, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Morana Pedro
- Dirección Provincial de Promoción y Protección de la Salud, Ministerio de Salud, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | | | - Uboldi Andrea
- Dirección Provincial de Promoción y Protección de la Salud, Ministerio de Salud, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Zerbini Elsa
- Instituto Nacional Enfermedades Respiratorias "Dr. Emilio Coni", Santa Fe, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Xie T, Anderson BD, Daramragchaa U, Chuluunbaatar M, Gray GC. A Review of Evidence that Equine Influenza Viruses Are Zoonotic. Pathogens 2016; 5:E50. [PMID: 27420100 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens5030050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2016] [Revised: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Among scientists, there exist mixed opinions whether equine influenza viruses infect man. In this report, we summarize a 2016 systematic and comprehensive review of the English, Chinese, and Mongolian scientific literature regarding evidence for equine influenza virus infections in man. Searches of PubMed, Web of Knowledge, ProQuest, CNKI, Chongqing VIP Database, Wanfang Data and MongolMed yielded 2831 articles, of which 16 met the inclusion criteria for this review. Considering these 16 publications, there was considerable experimental and observational evidence that at least H3N8 equine influenza viruses have occasionally infected man. In this review we summarize the most salient scientific reports.
Collapse
|
21
|
Kennedy RB, Simon WL, Gibson MJ, Goergen KM, Grill DE, Oberg AL, Poland GA. The composition of immune cells serves as a predictor of adaptive immunity in a cohort of 50- to 74-year-old adults. Immunology 2016; 148:266-75. [PMID: 27188667 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza causes significant morbidity and mortality annually. Although vaccination offers a considerable amount of protection, it is far from perfect, especially in aging populations. This is due to age-related defects in immune function, a process called immunosenescence. To date, there are no assays or methods to predict or explain variations in an individual's level of response to influenza vaccination. In this study, we measured levels of several immune cell subsets at baseline (Day 0) and at Days 3 and 28 post-vaccination using flow cytometry. Statistical modelling was performed to assess correlations between levels of cell subsets and Day 28 immune responses - haemagglutination inhibition (HAI) assay, virus neutralizing antibody (VNA) assay, and memory B cell ELISPOT. Changes in several groups of cell types from Day 0 to Day 28 and Day 3 to Day 28 were found to be significantly associated with immune response. Baseline levels of several immune cell subsets, including B cells and regulatory T cells, were able to partially explain variation in memory B-cell ELISPOT results. Increased expression of HLA-DR on plasmacytoid dendritic cells after vaccination was correlated with increased HAI and VNA responses. Our data suggest that the expression of activation markers (HLA-DR and CD86) on various immune cell subsets, as well as the relative distribution of cell subsets, both have value in predicting immune responses to influenza vaccination in older individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Krista M Goergen
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Science Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Diane E Grill
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Science Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Ann L Oberg
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Science Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Romero-Pérez GA, Egashira M, Harada Y, Tsuruta T, Oda Y, Ueda F, Tsukahara T, Tsukamoto Y, Inoue R. Orally Administered Salacia reticulata Extract Reduces H1N1 Influenza Clinical Symptoms in Murine Lung Tissues Putatively Due to Enhanced Natural Killer Cell Activity. Front Immunol 2016; 7:115. [PMID: 27066007 PMCID: PMC4814808 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza is a major cause of respiratory tract infection. Although most cases do not require further hospitalization, influenza periodically causes epidemics in humans that can potentially infect and kill millions of people. To countermeasure this threat, new vaccines need to be developed annually to match emerging influenza viral strains with increased resistance to existing vaccines. Thus, there is a need for finding and developing new anti-influenza viral agents as alternatives to current treatments. Here, we tested the antiviral effects of an extract from the stems and roots of Salacia reticulata (SSRE), a plant rich in phytochemicals, such as salacinol, kotalanol, and catechins, on H1N1 influenza virus-infected mice. Following oral administration of 0.6 mg/day of SSRE, the incidence of coughing decreased in 80% of mice, and only one case of severe pulmonary inflammation was detected. Moreover, when compared with mice given Lactobacillus casei JCM1134, a strain previously shown to help increase in vitro natural killer (NK) cell activity, SSRE-administered mice showed greater and equal NK cell activity in splenocytes and pulmonary cells, respectively, at high effector cell:target cell ratios. Next, to test whether or not SSRE would exert protective effects against influenza in the absence of gut microbiota, mice were given antibiotics before being inoculated influenza virus and subsequently administered SSRE. SSRE administration induced an increase in NK cell activity in splenocytes and pulmonary cells at levels similar to those detected in mice not treated with antibiotics. Based on our results, it can be concluded that phytochemicals in the SSRE exerted protective effects against influenza infection putatively via modulation of the immune response, including enhancement of NK cell activity, although some protective effects were not necessarily through modulation of gut microbiota. Further investigation is necessary to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the protective effects of SSRE against influenza infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Masayo Egashira
- Laboratory of Animal Science, Department of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University , Kyoto , Japan
| | - Yuri Harada
- Laboratory of Animal Science, Department of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University , Kyoto , Japan
| | - Takeshi Tsuruta
- Laboratory of Animal Science, Department of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University , Kyoto , Japan
| | - Yuriko Oda
- Life Science Research Laboratories, Research and Development Management Headquarters, Fujifilm Corporation , Kanagawa , Japan
| | - Fumitaka Ueda
- Life Science Research Laboratories, Research and Development Management Headquarters, Fujifilm Corporation , Kanagawa , Japan
| | - Takamitsu Tsukahara
- Kyoto Institute of Nutrition and Pathology, Kyoto, Japan; Laboratory of Animal Science, Department of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Tsukamoto
- Laboratory of Animal Hygiene, Department of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University , Kyoto , Japan
| | - Ryo Inoue
- Laboratory of Animal Science, Department of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University , Kyoto , Japan
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Mamelund SE, Haneberg B, Mjaaland S. A Missed Summer Wave of the 1918-1919 Influenza Pandemic: Evidence From Household Surveys in the United States and Norway. Open Forum Infect Dis 2016; 3:ofw040. [PMID: 27006964 PMCID: PMC4800462 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofw040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Reanalysis of influenza survey data from 1918 to 1919 was done to obtain new insights into the geographic and host factors responsible for the various waves. Methods. We analyzed the age- and sex-specific influenza morbidity, fatality, and mortality for the city of Baltimore and smaller towns and rural areas of Maryland and the city of Bergen (Norway), using survey data. The Maryland surveys captured the 1918 fall wave, whereas the Bergen survey captured 3 waves during 1918–1919. Results. Morbidity in rural areas of Maryland was higher than in the city of Baltimore during the fall of 1918, that was almost equal to that in Bergen during the summer of 1918. In Bergen, the morbidity in the fall was only half of that in the summer, with more females than males just above the age of 20 falling ill, as seen in both regions of Maryland. In contrast, more males than females fell ill during the summer wave in Bergen. Individuals <40 years had the highest morbidity, whereas school-aged children had the lowest fatality and mortality. Conclusion. A previously unrecognized pandemic summer wave may have hit the 2 regions of Maryland in 1918.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Svenn-Erik Mamelund
- Work Research Institute; Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences
| | - Bjørn Haneberg
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Division of Environmental Medicine and Infectious Disease Control , Norwegian Institute of Public Health
| | - Siri Mjaaland
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Division of Environmental Medicine and Infectious Disease Control, Norwegian Institute of Public Health; KG Jebsen Centre for Influenza Vaccine Research, University of Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Affiliation(s)
- Arun Kumar
- GlaxoSmithKline Vaccines, Research Center , Siena , Italy
| | - Shakti Singh
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta , Edmonton, AB , Canada
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Abstract
The 1918 influenza pandemic was the most lethal single event in modern history. Besides its mortality the 1918 pandemic was unusual for several reasons. It preferentially killed young adults from 20 to 40 y with a peak mortality at age 28 y. Mortality was highly variable with death rates varying by at least 10 fold within similar groups of citizens, soldiers, cities and islands. Secondary bacterial pneumonia following influenza was the overwhelming cause of death and not viral pneumonitis or acute lung injury. Clinical expressions of the 1918 pandemic were unusual with bleeding into the respiratory tree including epistaxis and dark blue cyanotic skin. The 1918 influenza virus apparently ceased circulation in the human population in the early 1920s but continued to evolve in pigs. Immunizations using viruses from 1918 and 2009 can cross-protect laboratory animals even though the human mortality outcomes were very different between the first pandemics of the 20th and 21st centuries. Unusual aspects of historical epidemics may help to reconstruct what actually occurred in 1918 and thus better prepare for the next pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Dennis Shanks
- Australian Army Malaria Institute, Enoggera, QLD 4051, Australia; University of Queensland, School of Population Health, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|