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Salazar Sandoval S, Díaz-Saldívar P, Araya I, Celis F, Cortés-Arriagada D, Riveros A, Rojas-Romo C, Jullian C, Silva N, Yutronic N, Kogan MJ, Jara P. Controlled Release of the Anticancer Drug Cyclophosphamide from a Superparamagnetic β-Cyclodextrin Nanosponge by Local Hyperthermia Generated by an Alternating Magnetic Field. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2024. [PMID: 38640460 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c18038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
A β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) nanosponge (NS) was synthesized using diphenyl carbonate (DPC) as a cross-linker to encapsulate the antitumor drug cyclophosphamide (CYC), thus obtaining the NSs-CYC system. The formulation was then associated with magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) to develop the MNPs-NSs-CYC ternary system. The formulations mentioned above were characterized to confirm the deposition of the MNPs onto the organic matrix and that the superparamagnetic nature of the MNPs was preserved upon association. The association of the MNPs with the NSs-drug complex was confirmed through field emission scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, ζ-potential, atomic absorption spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, selected area electron diffraction, and vibrating-sample magnetometer. The superparamagnetic properties of the ternary system allowed the release of CYC by utilizing magnetic hyperthermia upon the exposure of an alternating magnetic field (AMF). The drug release experiments were carried out at different frequencies and intensities of the magnetic field, complying with the "Atkinson-Brezovich criterion". The assays in AMF showed the feasibility of release by controlling hyperthermia of the drug, finding that the most efficient conditions were F = 280 kHz, H = 15 mT, and a concentration of MNPs of 5 mg/mL. CYC release was temperature-dependent, facilitated by local heat generation through magnetic hyperthermia. This phenomenon was confirmed by DFT calculations. Furthermore, the ternary systems outperformed the formulations without MNPs regarding the amount of released drug. The MTS (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium) assays demonstrated that including CYC within the magnetic NS cavities reduced the effects on mitochondrial activity compared to those observed with the free drug. Finally, the magnetic hyperthermia assays showed that the tertiary system allows the generation of apoptosis in HeLa cells, demonstrating that the MNPs embedded maintain their properties to generate hyperthermia. These results suggest that using NSs associated with MNPs could be a potential tool for a controlled drug delivery in tumor therapy since the materials are efficient and potentially nontoxic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastián Salazar Sandoval
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago 7800003, Chile
- Departamento de Química Farmacológica y Toxicológica, Universidad de Chile, Sergio Livingstone 1007, Santiago 8380492, Chile
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Universidad de Chile, Santos Dumont 964, Independencia, Santiago 8380494, Chile
- Facultad de Diseño, Universidad del Desarrollo, Avenida Plaza 680, Las Condes, Santiago 7610658, Chile
| | - Patricia Díaz-Saldívar
- Laboratorio de Nanomedicina y Biosensores, Center for the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (CEDENNA), Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago 9170022, Chile
| | - Ingrid Araya
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomás, Santiago 8370003, Chile
| | - Freddy Celis
- Laboratorio de Procesos Fotónicos y Electroquímicos, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Playa Ancha, Valparaíso 2360002, Chile
| | - Diego Cortés-Arriagada
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico, Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana, Ignacio Valdivieso 2409, San Joaquín, Santiago 8940577, Chile
| | - Ana Riveros
- Departamento de Química Farmacológica y Toxicológica, Universidad de Chile, Sergio Livingstone 1007, Santiago 8380492, Chile
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Universidad de Chile, Santos Dumont 964, Independencia, Santiago 8380494, Chile
| | - Carlos Rojas-Romo
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago 7800003, Chile
| | - Carolina Jullian
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Fisicoquímica, Universidad de Chile, Sergio Livingstone 1007, Santiago 8380492, Chile
| | - Nataly Silva
- Facultad de Diseño, Universidad del Desarrollo, Avenida Plaza 680, Las Condes, Santiago 7610658, Chile
| | - Nicolás Yutronic
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago 7800003, Chile
| | - Marcelo J Kogan
- Departamento de Química Farmacológica y Toxicológica, Universidad de Chile, Sergio Livingstone 1007, Santiago 8380492, Chile
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Universidad de Chile, Santos Dumont 964, Independencia, Santiago 8380494, Chile
| | - Paul Jara
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago 7800003, Chile
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Bruckmann FDS, Rossato Viana A, Tonel MZ, Fagan SB, Garcia WJDS, Oliveira AHD, Dorneles LS, Roberto Mortari S, Silva WLD, Silva IZD, Rhoden CRB. Influence of magnetite incorporation into chitosan on the adsorption of the methotrexate and in vitro cytotoxicity. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:70413-70434. [PMID: 35585459 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20786-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Emerging pollutants are a group of substances involved in environmental contamination resulting mostly from incomplete drug metabolism, associated with inadequate disposal and ineffective effluent treatment techniques. Methotrexate (MTX), for instance, is excreted at high concentrations in unchanged form through the urine. Although the MTX is still effective in cancer and autoimmune disease treatment, this drug shows the ability of bioaccumulation and toxicity to the organism. Thus, the present work aimed to evaluate the adsorption of the MTX drug onto magnetic nanocomposites containing different amounts of incorporated magnetite (1:1, 1:5, and 1:10 wt%), combining the theoretical-experimental study as well as the in vitro cytotoxicity. Moreover, equilibrium studies (Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, Dubinin-Radushkevich, Hill, Redlich-Peterson, and Sips), kinetic (PFO, PSO, and IPD), and thermodynamic (ΔG°, ΔH°, and ΔS°) were used to describe the experimental data, and ab initio simulations were employed in the theoretical study. Magnetic nanocomposites were synthesized by the co-precipitation method using only FeCl2 as the iron precursor. Adsorbents were characterized by FTIR, XRD, Raman, SEM-EDS, BET, and VSM analysis. Meanwhile, cytotoxic effects on L929 and A375 cell lines were evaluated through MTT, NR, and LDH assays. The adsorption of the MTX was carried out in a typical batch system, exploring the different experimental conditions. The theoretical study suggests the occurrence of chemisorption between CS·Fe3O4-MTX. The maximum adsorption capacity of MTX was 285.92 mg g-1, using 0.125 g L-1 of CS·Fe3O4 1:1, with an initial concentration of the MTX (50 mg L-1), pH 4.0 at 293 ± 1.00 K. The best adjustment of equilibrium and kinetic data were the Sips (low values for statistical errors) and PSO (qe = 96.73 mg g-1) models, respectively. Thermodynamic study shows that the adsorption occurred spontaneously (ΔG° < 0), with exothermic (ΔH° = - 4698.89 kJ mol-1) and random at the solid-solution interface (ΔS° = 1,476,022.00 kJ mol-1 k-1) behavior. Finally, the in vitro study shows that magnetic nanomaterials exhibit higher cytotoxicity in melanoma cells. Therefore, the magnetic nanocomposite reveals to be not only an excellent tool for water remediation studies but also a promising platform for drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franciele da Silva Bruckmann
- Laboratório de Materiais Magnéticos Nanoestruturados, LaMMaN, Universidade Franciscana - UFN, Santa Maria, RS, 97010-032, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Nanociências, Universidade Franciscana - UFN, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Altevir Rossato Viana
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Nanociências, Universidade Franciscana - UFN, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Mariana Zancan Tonel
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Nanociências, Universidade Franciscana - UFN, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Solange Binotto Fagan
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Nanociências, Universidade Franciscana - UFN, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Wagner Jesus da Silva Garcia
- Departamento de Desenho Industrial, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria - UFSM, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Artur Harres de Oliveira
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria - UFSM, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Sergio Roberto Mortari
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Nanociências, Universidade Franciscana - UFN, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - William Leonardo da Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Nanociências, Universidade Franciscana - UFN, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Ivana Zanella da Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Nanociências, Universidade Franciscana - UFN, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Cristiano Rodrigo Bohn Rhoden
- Laboratório de Materiais Magnéticos Nanoestruturados, LaMMaN, Universidade Franciscana - UFN, Santa Maria, RS, 97010-032, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Nanociências, Universidade Franciscana - UFN, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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Duan Y, Wu X, Gong Z, Guo Q, Kong Y. Pathological impact and medical applications of electromagnetic field on melanoma: A focused review. Front Oncol 2022; 12:857068. [PMID: 35936711 PMCID: PMC9355252 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.857068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Electromagnetic Field (EMF) influences melanoma in various ways. EMF can be classified into extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field, low-frequency magnetic field, static moderate magnetic field, strong electromagnetic field, alternating magnetic field, and magnetic nanoparticles. Each type of EMF influences melanoma development differently, and the detailed influence of each specific type of EMF on melanoma is reviewed. Furthermore, EMF influences melanoma cell polarity and hence affects drug uptake. In this review, the impacts of EMF on the effectiveness of drugs used to treat melanoma are listed according to drug types, with detailed effects according to the types of EMF and specific melanoma cell lines. EMF also impacts clinical therapies of melanoma, including localized magnetic hyperthermia, focalized thermotherapy, proton radiation treatment, nanostructure heating magnetic hyperthermia, radiation therapy, Polycaprolactone-Fe3O4 fiber mat-based bandage, and optune therapy. Above all, EMF has huge potential in melanoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxiao Duan
- Astronomy Department, Wellesley College, Wellesley, MA, United States
| | - Xiaowen Wu
- Melanoma Department, Beijing Institution for Cancer Research, Beijing, China
| | - Ziqi Gong
- Melanoma Department, Beijing Institution for Cancer Research, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Guo
- Melanoma Department, Beijing Institution for Cancer Research, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Kong
- Melanoma Department, Beijing Institution for Cancer Research, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yan Kong,
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Włodarczyk A, Gorgoń S, Radoń A, Bajdak-Rusinek K. Magnetite Nanoparticles in Magnetic Hyperthermia and Cancer Therapies: Challenges and Perspectives. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2022; 12:nano12111807. [PMID: 35683663 PMCID: PMC9182445 DOI: 10.3390/nano12111807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Until now, strategies used to treat cancer are imperfect, and this generates the need to search for better and safer solutions. The biggest issue is the lack of selective interaction with neoplastic cells, which is associated with occurrence of side effects and significantly reduces the effectiveness of therapies. The use of nanoparticles in cancer can counteract these problems. One of the most promising nanoparticles is magnetite. Implementation of this nanoparticle can improve various treatment methods such as hyperthermia, targeted drug delivery, cancer genotherapy, and protein therapy. In the first case, its feature makes magnetite useful in magnetic hyperthermia. Interaction of magnetite with the altered magnetic field generates heat. This process results in raised temperature only in a desired part of a patient body. In other therapies, magnetite-based nanoparticles could serve as a carrier for various types of therapeutic load. The magnetic field would direct the drug-related magnetite nanoparticles to the pathological site. Therefore, this material can be used in protein and gene therapy or drug delivery. Since the magnetite nanoparticle can be used in various types of cancer treatment, they are extensively studied. Herein, we summarize the latest finding on the applicability of the magnetite nanoparticles, also addressing the most critical problems faced by smart nanomedicine in oncological therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Włodarczyk
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Medyków 18, 40-752 Katowice, Poland;
| | - Szymon Gorgoń
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Surgery, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden;
| | - Adrian Radoń
- Łukasiewicz Research Network—Institute of Non-Ferrous Metals, Sowinskiego 5 St., 44-100 Gliwice, Poland;
| | - Karolina Bajdak-Rusinek
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Medyków 18, 40-752 Katowice, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-32-208-8382
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da Silva Bruckmann F, Viana AR, Lopes LQS, Santos RCV, Muller EI, Mortari SR, Rhoden CRB. Synthesis, Characterization, and Biological Activity Evaluation of Magnetite-Functionalized Eugenol. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-021-02207-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Coricovac D, Dehelean CA, Pinzaru I, Mioc A, Aburel OM, Macasoi I, Draghici GA, Petean C, Soica C, Boruga M, Vlaicu B, Muntean MD. Assessment of Betulinic Acid Cytotoxicity and Mitochondrial Metabolism Impairment in a Human Melanoma Cell Line. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094870. [PMID: 34064489 PMCID: PMC8125295 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma represents one of the most aggressive and drug resistant skin cancers with poor prognosis in its advanced stages. Despite the increasing number of targeted therapies, novel approaches are needed to counteract both therapeutic resistance and the side effects of classic therapy. Betulinic acid (BA) is a bioactive phytocompound that has been reported to induce apoptosis in several types of cancers including melanomas; however, its effects on mitochondrial bioenergetics are less investigated. The present study performed in A375 human melanoma cells was aimed to characterize the effects of BA on mitochondrial bioenergetics and cellular behavior. BA demonstrated a dose-dependent inhibitory effect in both mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis in A375 melanoma cells and at sub-toxic concentrations (10 μM) induced mitochondrial dysfunction by eliciting a decrease in the mitochondrial membrane potential and changes in mitochondria morphology and localization. In addition, BA triggered a dose-dependent cytotoxic effect characterized by apoptotic features: morphological alterations (nuclear fragmentation, apoptotic bodies) and the upregulation of pro-apoptotic markers mRNA expression (Bax, Bad and Bak). BA represents a viable therapeutic option via a complex modulatory effect on mitochondrial metabolism that might be useful in advanced melanoma or as reliable strategy to counteract resistance to standard therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorina Coricovac
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, RO-300041 Timișoara, Romania; (D.C.); (C.A.D.); (I.M.); (G.A.D.); (C.P.); (C.S.)
- Research Center for Pharmaco-toxicological Evaluations, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, RO-300041 Timișoara, Romania
| | - Cristina Adriana Dehelean
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, RO-300041 Timișoara, Romania; (D.C.); (C.A.D.); (I.M.); (G.A.D.); (C.P.); (C.S.)
- Research Center for Pharmaco-toxicological Evaluations, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, RO-300041 Timișoara, Romania
| | - Iulia Pinzaru
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, RO-300041 Timișoara, Romania; (D.C.); (C.A.D.); (I.M.); (G.A.D.); (C.P.); (C.S.)
- Research Center for Pharmaco-toxicological Evaluations, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, RO-300041 Timișoara, Romania
- Correspondence: (I.P.); (A.M.); Tel.: +40-256-494-604
| | - Alexandra Mioc
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, RO-300041 Timișoara, Romania; (D.C.); (C.A.D.); (I.M.); (G.A.D.); (C.P.); (C.S.)
- Research Center for Pharmaco-toxicological Evaluations, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, RO-300041 Timișoara, Romania
- Correspondence: (I.P.); (A.M.); Tel.: +40-256-494-604
| | - Oana-Maria Aburel
- Faculty of Medicine “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, RO-300041 Timișoara, Romania; (O.-M.A.); (M.B.); (B.V.); (M.D.M.)
- Center for Translational Research and Systems Medicine, Faculty of Medicine,” Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Eftimie Murgu Sq. no. 2, RO-300041 Timișoara, Romania
| | - Ioana Macasoi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, RO-300041 Timișoara, Romania; (D.C.); (C.A.D.); (I.M.); (G.A.D.); (C.P.); (C.S.)
- Research Center for Pharmaco-toxicological Evaluations, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, RO-300041 Timișoara, Romania
| | - George Andrei Draghici
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, RO-300041 Timișoara, Romania; (D.C.); (C.A.D.); (I.M.); (G.A.D.); (C.P.); (C.S.)
- Research Center for Pharmaco-toxicological Evaluations, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, RO-300041 Timișoara, Romania
| | - Crina Petean
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, RO-300041 Timișoara, Romania; (D.C.); (C.A.D.); (I.M.); (G.A.D.); (C.P.); (C.S.)
| | - Codruta Soica
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, RO-300041 Timișoara, Romania; (D.C.); (C.A.D.); (I.M.); (G.A.D.); (C.P.); (C.S.)
- Research Center for Pharmaco-toxicological Evaluations, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, RO-300041 Timișoara, Romania
| | - Madalina Boruga
- Faculty of Medicine “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, RO-300041 Timișoara, Romania; (O.-M.A.); (M.B.); (B.V.); (M.D.M.)
| | - Brigitha Vlaicu
- Faculty of Medicine “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, RO-300041 Timișoara, Romania; (O.-M.A.); (M.B.); (B.V.); (M.D.M.)
| | - Mirela Danina Muntean
- Faculty of Medicine “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, RO-300041 Timișoara, Romania; (O.-M.A.); (M.B.); (B.V.); (M.D.M.)
- Center for Translational Research and Systems Medicine, Faculty of Medicine,” Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Eftimie Murgu Sq. no. 2, RO-300041 Timișoara, Romania
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Moacă EA, Watz CG, Socoliuc V, Racoviceanu R, Păcurariu C, Ianoş R, Cîntă-Pînzaru S, Tudoran LB, Nekvapil F, Iurciuc S, Șoica C, Dehelean CA. Biocompatible Magnetic Colloidal Suspension Used as a Tool for Localized Hyperthermia in Human Breast Adenocarcinoma Cells: Physicochemical Analysis and Complex In Vitro Biological Profile. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2021; 11:1189. [PMID: 33946316 DOI: 10.3390/nano11051189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles are the most desired nanomaterials for biomedical applications due to their unique physiochemical properties. A facile single-step process for the preparation of a highly stable and biocompatible magnetic colloidal suspension based on citric-acid-coated magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles used as an effective heating source for the hyperthermia treatment of cancer cells is presented. The physicochemical analysis revealed that the magnetic colloidal suspension had a z-average diameter of 72.7 nm at 25 °C with a polydispersity index of 0.179 and a zeta potential of −45.0 mV, superparamagnetic features, and a heating capacity that was quantified by an intrinsic loss power analysis. Raman spectroscopy showed the presence of magnetite and confirmed the presence of citric acid on the surfaces of the magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles. The biological results showed that breast adenocarcinoma cells (MDA-MB-231) were significantly affected after exposure to the magnetic colloidal suspension with a concentration of 30 µg/mL 24 h post-treatment under hyperthermic conditions, while the nontumorigenic (MCF-10A) cells exhibited a viability above 90% under the same thermal setup. Thus, the biological data obtained in the present study clearly endorse the need for further investigations to establish the clinical biological potential of synthesized magnetic colloidal suspension for magnetically triggered hyperthermia.
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Farcas CG, Dehelean C, Pinzaru IA, Mioc M, Socoliuc V, Moaca EA, Avram S, Ghiulai R, Coricovac D, Pavel I, Alla PK, Cretu OM, Soica C, Loghin F. Thermosensitive Betulinic Acid-Loaded Magnetoliposomes: A Promising Antitumor Potential for Highly Aggressive Human Breast Adenocarcinoma Cells Under Hyperthermic Conditions. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:8175-8200. [PMID: 33122905 PMCID: PMC7591238 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s269630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Breast cancer presents one of the highest rates of prevalence around the world. Despite this, the current breast cancer therapy is characterized by significant side effects and high risk of recurrence. The present work aimed to develop a new therapeutic strategy that may improve the current breast cancer therapy by developing a heat-sensitive liposomal nano-platform suitable to incorporate both anti-tumor betulinic acid (BA) compound and magnetic iron nanoparticles (MIONPs), in order to address both remote drug release and hyperthermia-inducing features. To address the above-mentioned biomedical purposes, the nanocarrier must possess specific features such as specific phase transition temperature, diameter below 200 nm, superparamagnetic properties and heating capacity. Moreover, the anti-tumor activity of the developed nanocarrier should significantly affect human breast adenocarcinoma cells. METHODS BA-loaded magnetoliposomes and corresponding controls (BA-free liposomes and liposomes containing no magnetic payload) were obtained through the thin-layer hydration method. The quality and stability of the multifunctional platforms were physico-chemically analysed by the means of RAMAN, scanning electron microscopy-EDAX, dynamic light scattering, zeta potential and DSC analysis. Besides this, the magnetic characterization of magnetoliposomes was performed in terms of superparamagnetic behaviour and heating capacity. The biological profile of the platforms and controls was screened through multiple in vitro methods, such as MTT, LDH and scratch assays, together with immunofluorescence staining. In addition, CAM assay was performed in order to assess a possible anti-angiogenic activity induced by the test samples. RESULTS The physico-chemical analysis revealed that BA-loaded magnetoliposomes present suitable characteristics for the purpose of this study, showing biocompatible phase transition temperature, a diameter of 198 nm, superparamagnetic features and heating capacity. In vitro results showed that hyperthermia induces enhanced anti-tumor activity when breast adenocarcinoma MDA-MB-231 cells were exposed to BA-loaded magnetoliposomes, while a low cytotoxic rate was exhibited by the non-tumorigenic breast epithelial MCF 10A cells. Moreover, the in ovo angiogenesis assay endorsed the efficacy of this multifunctional platform as a good strategy for breast cancer therapy, under hyperthermal conditions. Regarding the possible mechanism of action of this multifunctional nano-platform, the immunocytochemistry of the MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 breast carcinoma cells revealed a microtubule assembly modulatory activity, under hyperthermal conditions. CONCLUSION Collectively, these findings indicate that BA-loaded magnetoliposomes, under hyperthermal conditions, might serve as a promising strategy for breast adenocarcinoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Geanina Farcas
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj Napoca, Cluj Napoca, Romania
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Cristina Dehelean
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Iulia Andreea Pinzaru
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Marius Mioc
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Vlad Socoliuc
- Laboratory of Magnetic Fluids, Center for Fundamental and Advanced Technical Research, Romanian Academy – Timisoara Branch, Timisoara, Romania
- Research Center for Complex Fluids Systems Engineering, Politehnica University of Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Elena-Alina Moaca
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Stefana Avram
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Roxana Ghiulai
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Dorina Coricovac
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Ioana Pavel
- Department of Chemistry, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA
| | | | - Octavian Marius Cretu
- Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Codruta Soica
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Felicia Loghin
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj Napoca, Cluj Napoca, Romania
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