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Alonso-Fernández I, Haugen HJ, López-Peña M, González-Cantalapiedra A, Muñoz F. Use of 3D-printed polylactic acid/bioceramic composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering in preclinical in vivo studies: A systematic review. Acta Biomater 2023; 168:1-21. [PMID: 37454707 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
3D-printed composite scaffolds have emerged as an alternative to deal with existing limitations when facing bone reconstruction. The aim of the study was to systematically review the feasibility of using PLA/bioceramic composite scaffolds manufactured by 3D-printing technologies as bone grafting materials in preclinical in vivo studies. Electronic databases were searched using specific search terms, and thirteen manuscripts were selected after screening. The synthesis of the scaffolds was carried out using mainly extrusion-based techniques. Likewise, hydroxyapatite was the most used bioceramic for synthesizing composites with a PLA matrix. Among the selected studies, seven were conducted in rats and six in rabbits, but the high variability that exists regarding the experimental process made it difficult to compare them. Regarding the results, PLA/Bioceramic composite scaffolds have shown to be biocompatible and mechanically resistant. Preclinical studies elucidated the ability of the scaffolds to be used as bone grafts, allowing bone growing without adverse reactions. In conclusion, PLA/Bioceramics scaffolds have been demonstrated to be a promising alternative for treating bone defects. Nevertheless, more care should be taken when designing and performing in vivo trials, since the lack of standardization of the processes, which prevents the comparison of the results and reduces the quality of the information. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: 3D-printed polylactic acid/bioceramic composite scaffolds have emerged as an alternative to deal with existing limitations when facing bone reconstruction. Since preclinical in vivo studies with animal models represent a mandatory step for clinical translation, the present manuscript analyzed and discussed not only those aspects related to the selection of the bioceramic material, the synthesis of the implants and their characterization. But provides a new approach to understand how the design and perform of clinical trials, as well as the selection of the analysis methods, may affect the obtained results, by covering authors' knowledgebase from veterinary medicine to biomaterial science. Thus, this study aims to systematically review the feasibility of using polylactic acid/bioceramic scaffolds as grafting materials in preclinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván Alonso-Fernández
- Anatomy, Animal Production and Veterinary Clinical Sciences Department, Veterinary Faculty, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Universitario s/n, 27002 Lugo, Spain.
| | - Håvard Jostein Haugen
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mónica López-Peña
- Anatomy, Animal Production and Veterinary Clinical Sciences Department, Veterinary Faculty, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Universitario s/n, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Antonio González-Cantalapiedra
- Anatomy, Animal Production and Veterinary Clinical Sciences Department, Veterinary Faculty, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Universitario s/n, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Fernando Muñoz
- Anatomy, Animal Production and Veterinary Clinical Sciences Department, Veterinary Faculty, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Universitario s/n, 27002 Lugo, Spain
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Söhling N, Von Jan O, Janko M, Nau C, Ritz U, Marzi I, Henrich D, Verboket RD. Measuring Bone Healing: Parameters and Scores in Comparison. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:1011. [PMID: 37760113 PMCID: PMC10525182 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10091011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Bone healing is a complex process that can not be replicated in its entirety in vitro. Research on bone healing still requires the animal model. The critical size femur defect (CSFD) in rats is a well-established model for fractures in humans that exceed the self-healing potential. New therapeutic approaches can be tested here in vivo. Histological, biomechanical, and radiological parameters are usually collected and interpreted. However, it is not yet clear to what extent they correlate with each other and how necessary it is to record all parameters. (2) Methods: The basis for this study was data from three animal model studies evaluating bone healing. The µCT and histological (Movat pentachrome, osteocalcin) datasets/images were reevaluated and correlation analyses were then performed. Two image processing procedures were compared in the analysis of the image data. (3) Results: There was a significant correlation between the histologically determined bone fraction (Movat pentachrome staining) and bending stiffness. Bone fraction determined by osteocalcin showed no prognostic value. (4) Conclusions: The evaluation of the image datasets using ImageJ is sufficient and simpler than the combination of both programs. Determination of the bone fraction using Movat pentachrome staining allows conclusions to be drawn about the biomechanics of the bone. A standardized procedure with the ImageJ software is recommended for determining the bone proportion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Söhling
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (O.V.J.); (M.J.); (C.N.); (I.M.); (D.H.); (R.D.V.)
| | - Olivia Von Jan
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (O.V.J.); (M.J.); (C.N.); (I.M.); (D.H.); (R.D.V.)
| | - Maren Janko
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (O.V.J.); (M.J.); (C.N.); (I.M.); (D.H.); (R.D.V.)
| | - Christoph Nau
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (O.V.J.); (M.J.); (C.N.); (I.M.); (D.H.); (R.D.V.)
| | - Ulrike Ritz
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, University Hospital, Johannes Gutenberg-University, 55131 Mainz, Germany;
| | - Ingo Marzi
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (O.V.J.); (M.J.); (C.N.); (I.M.); (D.H.); (R.D.V.)
| | - Dirk Henrich
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (O.V.J.); (M.J.); (C.N.); (I.M.); (D.H.); (R.D.V.)
| | - René D. Verboket
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (O.V.J.); (M.J.); (C.N.); (I.M.); (D.H.); (R.D.V.)
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Al-Shalawi FD, Mohamed Ariff AH, Jung DW, Mohd Ariffin MKA, Seng Kim CL, Brabazon D, Al-Osaimi MO. Biomaterials as Implants in the Orthopedic Field for Regenerative Medicine: Metal versus Synthetic Polymers. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:2601. [PMID: 37376247 DOI: 10.3390/polym15122601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients suffering bone fractures in different parts of the body require implants that will enable similar function to that of the natural bone that they are replacing. Joint diseases (rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis) also require surgical intervention with implants such as hip and knee joint replacement. Biomaterial implants are utilized to fix fractures or replace parts of the body. For the majority of these implant cases, either metal or polymer biomaterials are chosen in order to have a similar functional capacity to the original bone material. The biomaterials that are employed most often for implants of bone fracture are metals such as stainless steel and titanium, and polymers such as polyethene and polyetheretherketone (PEEK). This review compared metallic and synthetic polymer implant biomaterials that can be employed to secure load-bearing bone fractures due to their ability to withstand the mechanical stresses and strains of the body, with a focus on their classification, properties, and application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal Dakhelallah Al-Shalawi
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Azmah Hanim Mohamed Ariff
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Research Center Advanced Engineering Materials and Composites (AEMC), Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Dong-Won Jung
- Faculty of Applied Energy System, Major of Mechanical Engineering, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehak-ro, Jeju-si 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Mohd Khairol Anuar Mohd Ariffin
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Collin Looi Seng Kim
- Department of Orthopaedic, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Dermot Brabazon
- Advanced Manufacturing Research Centre, and Advanced Processing Technology Research Centre, School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, D09 V209 Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Maha Obaid Al-Osaimi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
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Söhling N, Heilani M, Fremdling C, Schaible A, Schröder K, Brune JC, Eras V, Nau C, Marzi I, Henrich D, Verboket RD. One Stage Masquelets Technique: Evaluation of Different Forms of Membrane Filling with and without Bone Marrow Mononuclear Cells (BMC) in Large Femoral Bone Defects in Rats. Cells 2023; 12:cells12091289. [PMID: 37174689 PMCID: PMC10177115 DOI: 10.3390/cells12091289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The classic two-stage masquelet technique is an effective procedure for the treatment of large bone defects. Our group recently showed that one surgery could be saved by using a decellularized dermis membrane (DCD, Epiflex, DIZG). In addition, studies with bone substitute materials for defect filling show that it also appears possible to dispense with the removal of syngeneic cancellous bone (SCB), which is fraught with complications. The focus of this work was to clarify whether the SCB can be replaced by the granular demineralized bone matrix (g-DBM) or fibrous demineralized bone matrix (f-DBM) demineralized bone matrix and whether the colonization of the DCD and/or the DBM defect filling with bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMC) can lead to improved bone healing. In 100 Sprague Dawley rats, a critical femoral bone defect 5 mm in length was stabilized with a plate and then encased in DCD. Subsequently, the defect was filled with SCB (control), g-DBM, or f-DBM, with or without BMC. After 8 weeks, the femurs were harvested and subjected to histological, radiological, and biomechanical analysis. The analyses showed the incipient bony bridging of the defect zone in both groups for g-DBM and f-DBM. Stability and bone formation were not affected compared to the control group. The addition of BMCs showed no further improvement in bone healing. In conclusion, DBM offers a new perspective on defect filling; however, the addition of BMC did not lead to better results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Söhling
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Myriam Heilani
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Charlotte Fremdling
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Alexander Schaible
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Katrin Schröder
- Center of Physiology, Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jan C Brune
- German Institute for Cell and Tissue Replacement (DIZG, gemeinnützige GmbH), 12555 Berlin, Germany
| | - Volker Eras
- German Institute for Cell and Tissue Replacement (DIZG, gemeinnützige GmbH), 12555 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Nau
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ingo Marzi
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Dirk Henrich
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - René D Verboket
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Neijhoft J, Henrich D, Kammerer A, Janko M, Frank J, Marzi I. Sterilization of PLA after Fused Filament Fabrication 3D Printing: Evaluation on Inherent Sterility and the Impossibility of Autoclavation. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15020369. [PMID: 36679249 PMCID: PMC9866509 DOI: 10.3390/polym15020369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional printing, especially fused filament fabrication (FFF), offers great possibilities in (bio-)medical applications, but a major downside is the difficulty in sterilizing the produced parts. This study evaluates the questions of whether autoclaving is a possible solution for FFF-printed parts and if the printer itself could be seen as an inherent sterilization method. In a first step, an investigation was performed on the deformation of cylindrically shaped test parts after running them through the autoclaving process. Furthermore, the inherent sterility possibilities of the printing process itself were evaluated using culture medium sterility tests. It could be shown that, depending on the needed accuracy, parts down to a diameter of 5-10 mm can still be sterilized using autoclaving, while finer parts suffer from major deformations. For these, inherent sterilization of the printer itself is an option. During the printing process, over a certain contact time, heat at a higher level than that used in autoclaving is applied to the printed parts. The contact time, depending on the printing parameters, is calculated using the established formula. The results show that for stronger parts, autoclaving offers a cheap and good option for sterilization after FFF-printing. However, the inherent sterility possibilities of the printer itself can be considered, especially when printing with small layer heights for finer parts.
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Singh YP, Bhaskar R, Agrawal AK, Dasgupta S. Effect of monetite reinforced into the chitosan-based lyophilized 3D scaffolds on physicochemical, mechanical, and osteogenic properties. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2022.2090358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yogendra Pratap Singh
- Department of Ceramic Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, India
| | - Rakesh Bhaskar
- Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, India
- Department of Nano, Medical & Polymer Materials, Yeungnam University, South Korea
| | | | - Sudip Dasgupta
- Department of Ceramic Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, India
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Schätzlein E, Kicker C, Söhling N, Ritz U, Neijhoft J, Henrich D, Frank J, Marzi I, Blaeser A. 3D-Printed PLA-Bioglass Scaffolds with Controllable Calcium Release and MSC Adhesion for Bone Tissue Engineering. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14122389. [PMID: 35745964 PMCID: PMC9229101 DOI: 10.3390/polym14122389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Large bone defects are commonly treated by replacement with auto- and allografts, which have substantial drawbacks including limited supply, donor site morbidity, and possible tissue rejection. This study aimed to improve bone defect treatment using a custom-made filament for tissue engineering scaffolds. The filament consists of biodegradable polylactide acid (PLA) and a varying amount (up to 20%) of osteoconductive S53P4 bioglass. By employing an innovative, additive manufacturing technique, scaffolds with optimized physico-mechanical and biological properties were produced. The scaffolds feature adjustable macro- and microporosity (200–2000 µm) with adaptable mechanical properties (83–135 MPa). Additionally, controllable calcium release kinetics (0–0.25 nMol/µL after 24 h), tunable mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) adhesion potential (after 24 h by a factor of 14), and proliferation (after 168 h by a factor of 18) were attained. Microgrooves resulting from the 3D-printing process on the surface act as a nucleus for cell aggregation, thus being a potential cell niche for spheroid formation or possible cell guidance. The scaffold design with its adjustable biomechanics and the bioglass with its antimicrobial properties are of particular importance for the preclinical translation of the results. This study comprehensibly demonstrates the potential of a 3D-printed bioglass composite scaffold for the treatment of critical-sized bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Schätzlein
- Institute for BioMedical Printing Technology, Technical University of Darmstadt, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany;
| | | | - Nicolas Söhling
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, 60323 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (N.S.); (J.N.); (D.H.); (J.F.); (I.M.)
| | - Ulrike Ritz
- BiomaTiCS Group, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55122 Mainz, Germany;
| | - Jonas Neijhoft
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, 60323 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (N.S.); (J.N.); (D.H.); (J.F.); (I.M.)
| | - Dirk Henrich
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, 60323 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (N.S.); (J.N.); (D.H.); (J.F.); (I.M.)
| | - Johannes Frank
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, 60323 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (N.S.); (J.N.); (D.H.); (J.F.); (I.M.)
| | - Ingo Marzi
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, 60323 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (N.S.); (J.N.); (D.H.); (J.F.); (I.M.)
| | - Andreas Blaeser
- Institute for BioMedical Printing Technology, Technical University of Darmstadt, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany;
- Centre for Synthetic Biology, Technical University of Darmstadt, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
- Correspondence:
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Laumann D, Spiehl D, Dörsam E. Device for measuring part adhesion in FFF process. HardwareX 2022; 11:e00258. [PMID: 35509946 PMCID: PMC9058659 DOI: 10.1016/j.ohx.2022.e00258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The adhesion of parts to the build surface plays a central role in the Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) process. Without sufficient adhesion, the part will deform (so called warping) due to thermal shrinkage, so that no defined geometries can be created. Nevertheless, there is no established method to measure the adhesion of printed parts and therefore it is not possible to targeted improve it. This article presents a measurement method based on the DIN EN 28510-1 standard and a corresponding test device which makes it possible to identify the optimum build surface for a filament and also to improve the process parameters in a targeted manner. The test device combines a FFF printer with a measuring unit so that all common filaments can be tested close to the process up to a processing temperature of 400 °C in the nozzle and around 150 °C on the build platform. The test device uses only open-source parts and software and costs about 1700€.
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Biagini G, Senegaglia AC, Pereira T, Berti LF, Marcon BH, Stimamiglio MA. 3D Poly(Lactic Acid) Scaffolds Promote Different Behaviors on Endothelial Progenitors and Adipose-Derived Stromal Cells in Comparison With Standard 2D Cultures. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:700862. [PMID: 34568295 PMCID: PMC8455839 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.700862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering is a branch of regenerative medicine, which comprises the combination of biomaterials, cells and other bioactive molecules to regenerate tissues. Biomaterial scaffolds act as substrate and as physical support for cells and they can also reproduce the extracellular matrix cues. Although tissue engineering applications in cellular therapy tend to focus on the use of specialized cells from particular tissues or stem cells, little attention has been paid to endothelial progenitors, an important cell type in tissue regeneration. We combined 3D printed poly(lactic acid) scaffolds comprising two different pore sizes with human adipose-derived stromal cells (hASCs) and expanded CD133+ cells to evaluate how these two cell types respond to the different architectures. hASCs represent an ideal source of cells for tissue engineering applications due to their low immunogenicity, paracrine activity and ability to differentiate. Expanded CD133+ cells were isolated from umbilical cord blood and represent a source of endothelial-like cells with angiogenic potential. Fluorescence microscopy and scanning electron microscopy showed that both cell types were able to adhere to the scaffolds and maintain their characteristic morphologies. The porous PLA scaffolds stimulated cell cycle progression of hASCs but led to an arrest in the G1 phase and reduced proliferation of expanded CD133+ cells. Also, while hASCs maintained their undifferentiated profile after 7 days of culture on the scaffolds, expanded CD133+ cells presented a reduction of the von Willebrand factor (vWF), which affected the cells’ angiogenic potential. We did not observe changes in cell behavior for any of the parameters analyzed between the scaffolds with different pore sizes, but the 3D environment created by the scaffolds had different effects on the cell types tested. Unlike the extensively used mesenchymal stem cell types, the 3D PLA scaffolds led to opposite behaviors of the expanded CD133+ cells in terms of cytotoxicity, proliferation and immunophenotype. The results obtained reinforce the importance of studying how different cell types respond to 3D culture systems when considering the scaffold approach for tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuliana Biagini
- Laboratório de Biologia Básica de Células-Tronco, Instituto Carlos Chagas, Fiocruz Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | | | - Tarciso Pereira
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Post Graduate Program in Biomedical Engineering, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Lucas Freitas Berti
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Post Graduate Program in Biomedical Engineering, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Bruna Hilzendeger Marcon
- Laboratório de Biologia Básica de Células-Tronco, Instituto Carlos Chagas, Fiocruz Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Marco Augusto Stimamiglio
- Laboratório de Biologia Básica de Células-Tronco, Instituto Carlos Chagas, Fiocruz Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
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Liu Z, Chu W, Zhang L, Wang Y, Zhai Z, Liu F. The effect of enhanced bone marrow in conjunction with 3D-printed PLA-HA in the repair of critical-sized bone defects in a rabbit model. Ann Transl Med 2021; 9:1134. [PMID: 34430575 PMCID: PMC8350715 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-8198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Background Traditionally, the iliac crest has been the most common harvesting site for autologous bone grafts; however, it has some limitations, including poor bone availability and donor-site morbidity. This study sought to explore the effect of enhanced bone marrow (eBM) in conjunction with three-dimensional (3D)-printed polylactide–hydroxyapatite (PLA-HA) scaffolds in the repair of critical-sized bone defects in a rabbit model. Methods First, 3D-printed PLA-HA scaffolds were fabricated and evaluated using micro-computed tomography (µCT) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Twenty-seven New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=9 per group), and the defects were treated using 3D-printed PLA-HA scaffolds (the PLA-HA group) or eBM in conjunction with 3D-printed PLA-HA scaffolds (the PLA-HA/eBM group), or were left untreated (the control group). Radiographic, µCT, and histological analyses were performed to evaluate bone regeneration in the different groups. Results The 3D-printed PLA-HA scaffolds were cylindrical, and had a mean pore size of 500±47.1 µm and 60%±3.5% porosity. At 4 and 8 weeks, the lane-sandhu X-ray score in the PLA-HA/eBM group was significantly higher than that in the PLA-HA group and the control group (P<0.01). At 8 weeks, the µCT analysis showed that the bone volume (BV) and bone volume/tissue volume (BV/TV) in the PLA-HA/eBM group were significantly higher than those in the PLA-HA group and the control group (P<0.01). Hematoxylin and eosin staining indicated that the new bone area in the PLA-HA/eBM group was significantly higher than that in the PLA-HA group and the control group (P<0.01). Conclusions The group that was treated with eBM in conjunction with 3D-printed PLA-HA showed enhanced bone repair compared to the other 2 groups. PLA-HA/eBM scaffolds represent a promising way to treat critical-sized bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqing Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenxiang Chu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Linyuan Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yueting Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zanjing Zhai
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fengxiang Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Namjoo A, Salimi A, Saeedi P, Halabian R, Emamgholi A. Anti-apoptotic effect of Nisin as a prebiotic on human mesenchymal stem cells in harsh condition. Cell Tissue Bank 2021. [PMID: 34043109 DOI: 10.1007/s10561-021-09933-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are progenitor cells of connective tissue with the ability of proliferation, self-renewal, and multilineage differentiation that make it a promising source with an enormous potential to be utilized for tissue repairing and vehicles of cell-based gene therapy. The low survival rate of MSCs following transplantation is their drawback. Preconditioning with some factors is a novel and effective strategy, improving the survival of the cells by protecting them from harmful conditions and result in the good recovery of injured tissues. Nisin is a prebiotic with antimicrobial activity. This manuscript aimed to evaluate the effect of Nisin preconditioning of MSCs on in vitro cell viability. MSCs were cultured and preconditioned with Nisin in different concentrations. Then, they are separately exposed to H2O2 and serum deprivation. Cell survival and cell apoptosis were evaluated by MTT assay and Real-time PCR, respectively. Furthermore, Annexin-PI staining and caspase activity was performed to visualize apoptotic cells. MSC-Nisin viability and proliferation significantly increased when exposed to H2O2 and serum deprivation, compared to that of MSCs. About 250 and 500 IU/mL of Nisin donate a significant anti-apoptotic impact to MSCs. Our data suggest that preconditioning with Nisin has been improved cell viability and the anti-apoptotic capacity of MSCs. However, the mechanism related to the protective properties of preconditioning and using this strategy in stem cell therapy requires more research.
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12
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Ogueri KS, Ogueri KS, McClinton A, Kan HM, Ude CC, Barajaa MA, Allcock HR, Laurencin CT. In Vivo Evaluation of the Regenerative Capability of Glycylglycine Ethyl Ester-Substituted Polyphosphazene and Poly(lactic- co-glycolic acid) Blends: A Rabbit Critical-Sized Bone Defect Model. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:1564-1572. [PMID: 33792283 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c01650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
In an effort to understand the biological capability of polyphosphazene-based polymers, three-dimensional biomimetic bone scaffolds were fabricated using the blends of poly[(glycine ethylglycinato)75(phenylphenoxy)25]phosphazene (PNGEGPhPh) and poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), and an in vivo evaluation was performed in a rabbit critical-sized bone defect model. The matrices constructed from PNGEGPhPh-PLGA blends were surgically implanted into 15 mm critical-sized radial defects of the rabbits as structural templates for bone tissue regeneration. PLGA, which is the most commonly used synthetic bone graft substitute, was used as a control in this study. Radiological and histological analyses demonstrated that PNGEGPhPh-PLGA blends exhibited favorable in vivo biocompatibility and osteoconductivity, as the newly designed matrices allowed new bone formation to occur without adverse immunoreactions. The X-ray images of the blends showed higher levels of radiodensity than that of the pristine PLGA, indicating higher rates of new bone formation and regeneration. Micro-computed tomography quantification revealed that new bone volume fractions were significantly higher for the PNGEGPhPh-PLGA blends than for the PLGA controls after 4 weeks. The new bone volume increased linearly with increasing time points, with the new tissues observed throughout the defect area for the blend and only at the implant site's extremes for the PLGA control. Histologically, the polyphosphazene system appeared to show tissue responses and bone ingrowths superior to PLGA. By the end of the study, the defects with PNGEGPhPh-PLGA scaffolds exhibited evidence of effective bone tissue ingrowth and minimal inflammatory responses. Thus, polyphosphazene-containing biomaterials have excellent translational potential for use in bone regenerative engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth S Ogueri
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States.,Connecticut Convergence Institute for Translation in Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030, United States
| | - Kennedy S Ogueri
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Aneesah McClinton
- Connecticut Convergence Institute for Translation in Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030, United States
| | - Ho-Man Kan
- Connecticut Convergence Institute for Translation in Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030, United States
| | - Chinedu C Ude
- Connecticut Convergence Institute for Translation in Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030, United States
| | - Mohammed A Barajaa
- Connecticut Convergence Institute for Translation in Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06296, United States
| | - Harry R Allcock
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Cato T Laurencin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States.,Connecticut Convergence Institute for Translation in Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030, United States.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030, United States.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06296, United States
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13
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Papantoniou I, Nilsson Hall G, Loverdou N, Lesage R, Herpelinck T, Mendes L, Geris L. Turning Nature's own processes into design strategies for living bone implant biomanufacturing: a decade of Developmental Engineering. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 169:22-39. [PMID: 33290762 PMCID: PMC7839840 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A decade after the term developmental engineering (DE) was coined to indicate the use of developmental processes as blueprints for the design and development of engineered living implants, a myriad of proof-of-concept studies demonstrate the potential of this approach in small animal models. This review provides an overview of DE work, focusing on applications in bone regeneration. Enabling technologies allow to quantify the distance between in vitro processes and their developmental counterpart, as well as to design strategies to reduce that distance. By embedding Nature's robust mechanisms of action in engineered constructs, predictive large animal data and subsequent positive clinical outcomes can be gradually achieved. To this end, the development of next generation biofabrication technologies should provide the necessary scale and precision for robust living bone implant biomanufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Papantoniou
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas (FORTH), Stadiou street, 26504 Patras, Greece; Skeletal Biology & Engineering Research Center, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49 (813), 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Prometheus, The KU Leuven R&D Division for Skeletal Tissue Engineering, Herestraat 49 (813), 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Gabriella Nilsson Hall
- Skeletal Biology & Engineering Research Center, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49 (813), 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Prometheus, The KU Leuven R&D Division for Skeletal Tissue Engineering, Herestraat 49 (813), 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Niki Loverdou
- Prometheus, The KU Leuven R&D Division for Skeletal Tissue Engineering, Herestraat 49 (813), 3000 Leuven, Belgium; GIGA in silico medicine, University of Liège, Avenue de l'Hôpital 11 (B34), 4000 Liège, Belgium; Biomechanics Section, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 300C (2419), 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Raphaelle Lesage
- Prometheus, The KU Leuven R&D Division for Skeletal Tissue Engineering, Herestraat 49 (813), 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Biomechanics Section, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 300C (2419), 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Tim Herpelinck
- Skeletal Biology & Engineering Research Center, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49 (813), 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Prometheus, The KU Leuven R&D Division for Skeletal Tissue Engineering, Herestraat 49 (813), 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Luis Mendes
- Skeletal Biology & Engineering Research Center, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49 (813), 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Prometheus, The KU Leuven R&D Division for Skeletal Tissue Engineering, Herestraat 49 (813), 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Liesbet Geris
- Skeletal Biology & Engineering Research Center, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49 (813), 3000 Leuven, Belgium; GIGA in silico medicine, University of Liège, Avenue de l'Hôpital 11 (B34), 4000 Liège, Belgium; Prometheus, The KU Leuven R&D Division for Skeletal Tissue Engineering, Herestraat 49 (813), 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Biomechanics Section, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 300C (2419), 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
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14
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Charbonnier B, Hadida M, Marchat D. Additive manufacturing pertaining to bone: Hopes, reality and future challenges for clinical applications. Acta Biomater 2021; 121:1-28. [PMID: 33271354 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
For the past 20 years, the democratization of additive manufacturing (AM) technologies has made many of us dream of: low cost, waste-free, and on-demand production of functional parts; fully customized tools; designs limited by imagination only, etc. As every patient is unique, the potential of AM for the medical field is thought to be considerable: AM would allow the division of dedicated patient-specific healthcare solutions entirely adapted to the patients' clinical needs. Pertinently, this review offers an extensive overview of bone-related clinical applications of AM and ongoing research trends, from 3D anatomical models for patient and student education to ephemeral structures supporting and promoting bone regeneration. Today, AM has undoubtably improved patient care and should facilitate many more improvements in the near future. However, despite extensive research, AM-based strategies for bone regeneration remain the only bone-related field without compelling clinical proof of concept to date. This may be due to a lack of understanding of the biological mechanisms guiding and promoting bone formation and due to the traditional top-down strategies devised to solve clinical issues. Indeed, the integrated holistic approach recommended for the design of regenerative systems (i.e., fixation systems and scaffolds) has remained at the conceptual state. Challenged by these issues, a slower but incremental research dynamic has occurred for the last few years, and recent progress suggests notable improvement in the years to come, with in view the development of safe, robust and standardized patient-specific clinical solutions for the regeneration of large bone defects.
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15
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Brookes MJ, Chan CD, Baljer B, Wimalagunaratna S, Crowley TP, Ragbir M, Irwin A, Gamie Z, Beckingsale T, Ghosh KM, Rankin KS. Surgical Advances in Osteosarcoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:388. [PMID: 33494243 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13030388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common bone cancer in children. OS most commonly arises in the legs, but can arise in any bone, including the spine, head or neck. Along with chemotherapy, surgery is a mainstay of OS treatment and in the 1990s, surgeons began to shift from amputation to limb-preserving surgery. Since then, improvements in imaging, surgical techniques and implant design have led to improvements in functional outcomes without compromising on the cancer outcomes for these patients. This paper summarises these advances, along with a brief discussion of future technologies currently in development. Abstract Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary bone cancer in children and, unfortunately, is associated with poor survival rates. OS most commonly arises around the knee joint, and was traditionally treated with amputation until surgeons began to favour limb-preserving surgery in the 1990s. Whilst improving functional outcomes, this was not without problems, such as implant failure and limb length discrepancies. OS can also arise in areas such as the pelvis, spine, head, and neck, which creates additional technical difficulty given the anatomical complexity of the areas. We reviewed the literature and summarised the recent advances in OS surgery. Improvements have been made in many areas; developments in pre-operative imaging technology have allowed improved planning, whilst the ongoing development of intraoperative imaging techniques, such as fluorescent dyes, offer the possibility of improved surgical margins. Technological developments, such as computer navigation, patient specific instruments, and improved implant design similarly provide the opportunity to improve patient outcomes. Going forward, there are a number of promising avenues currently being pursued, such as targeted fluorescent dyes, robotics, and augmented reality, which bring the prospect of improving these outcomes further.
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16
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Park S, Kim JE, Han J, Jeong S, Lim JW, Lee MC, Son H, Kim HB, Choung YH, Seonwoo H, Chung JH, Jang KJ. 3D-Printed Poly(ε-Caprolactone)/Hydroxyapatite Scaffolds Modified with Alkaline Hydrolysis Enhance Osteogenesis In Vitro. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:257. [PMID: 33466736 PMCID: PMC7830212 DOI: 10.3390/polym13020257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The 3D-printed bioactive ceramic incorporated Poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) scaffolds show great promise as synthetic bone graft substitutes. However, 3D-printed scaffolds still lack adequate surface properties for cells to be attached to them. In this study, we modified the surface characteristics of 3D-printed poly(ε-caprolactone)/hydroxyapatite scaffolds using O2 plasma and sodium hydroxide. The surface property of the alkaline hydrolyzed and O2 plasma-treated PCL/HA scaffolds were evaluated using field-emission scanning microscopy (FE-SEM), Alizarin Red S (ARS) staining, and water contact angle analysis, respectively. The in vitro behavior of the scaffolds was investigated using human dental pulp-derived stem cells (hDPSCs). Cell proliferation of hDPSCs on the scaffolds was evaluated via immunocytochemistry (ICC) and water-soluble tetrazolium salt (WST-1) assay. Osteogenic differentiation of hDPSCs on the scaffolds was further investigated using ARS staining and Western blot analysis. The result of this study shows that alkaline treatment is beneficial for exposing hydroxyapatite particles embedded in the scaffolds compared to O2 plasma treatment, which promotes cell proliferation and differentiation of hDPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangbae Park
- Department of Biosystems & Biomaterials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (S.P.); (S.J.); (J.W.L.); (M.C.L.); (H.S.); (H.B.K.)
| | - Jae Eun Kim
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (J.E.K.); (J.H.)
| | - Jinsub Han
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (J.E.K.); (J.H.)
- BK21 Global Smart Farm Educational Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Seung Jeong
- Department of Biosystems & Biomaterials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (S.P.); (S.J.); (J.W.L.); (M.C.L.); (H.S.); (H.B.K.)
| | - Jae Woon Lim
- Department of Biosystems & Biomaterials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (S.P.); (S.J.); (J.W.L.); (M.C.L.); (H.S.); (H.B.K.)
| | - Myung Chul Lee
- Department of Biosystems & Biomaterials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (S.P.); (S.J.); (J.W.L.); (M.C.L.); (H.S.); (H.B.K.)
| | - Hyunmok Son
- Department of Biosystems & Biomaterials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (S.P.); (S.J.); (J.W.L.); (M.C.L.); (H.S.); (H.B.K.)
| | - Hong Bae Kim
- Department of Biosystems & Biomaterials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (S.P.); (S.J.); (J.W.L.); (M.C.L.); (H.S.); (H.B.K.)
| | - Yun-Hoon Choung
- Department of Otolaryngology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea;
| | - Hoon Seonwoo
- Department of Industrial Machinery Engineering, College of Life Sciences and Natural Resources, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in IT-Bio Convergence System, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea
| | - Jong Hoon Chung
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (J.E.K.); (J.H.)
- BK21 Global Smart Farm Educational Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Kyoung-Je Jang
- Division of Agro-System Engineering, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
- Institute of Agriculture & Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
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17
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Riester O, Borgolte M, Csuk R, Deigner HP. Challenges in Bone Tissue Regeneration: Stem Cell Therapy, Biofunctionality and Antimicrobial Properties of Novel Materials and Its Evolution. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:E192. [PMID: 33375478 PMCID: PMC7794985 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
An aging population leads to increasing demand for sustained quality of life with the aid of novel implants. Patients expect fast healing and few complications after surgery. Increased biofunctionality and antimicrobial behavior of implants, in combination with supportive stem cell therapy, can meet these expectations. Recent research in the field of bone implants and the implementation of autologous mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of bone defects is outlined and evaluated in this review. The article highlights several advantages, limitations and advances for metal-, ceramic- and polymer-based implants and discusses the future need for high-throughput screening systems used in the evaluation of novel developed materials and stem cell therapies. Automated cell culture systems, microarray assays or microfluidic devices are required to efficiently analyze the increasing number of new materials and stem cell-assisted therapies. Approaches described in the literature to improve biocompatibility, biofunctionality and stem cell differentiation efficiencies of implants range from the design of drug-laden nanoparticles to chemical modification and the selection of materials that mimic the natural tissue. Combining suitable implants with mesenchymal stem cell treatment promises to shorten healing time and increase treatment success. Most research studies focus on creating antibacterial materials or modifying implants with antibacterial coatings in order to address the increasing number of complications after surgeries that are mostly caused by bacterial infections. Moreover, treatment of multiresistant pathogens will pose even bigger challenges in hospitals in the future, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). These antibacterial materials will help to reduce infections after surgery and the number of antibiotic treatments that contribute to the emergence of new multiresistant pathogens, whilst the antibacterial implants will help reduce the amount of antibiotics used in clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Riester
- Institute of Precision Medicine, Medical and Life Sciences Faculty, Furtwangen University, Jakob-Kienzle-Strasse 17, 78054 Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany; (O.R.); (M.B.)
| | - Max Borgolte
- Institute of Precision Medicine, Medical and Life Sciences Faculty, Furtwangen University, Jakob-Kienzle-Strasse 17, 78054 Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany; (O.R.); (M.B.)
| | - René Csuk
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 2, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany;
| | - Hans-Peter Deigner
- Institute of Precision Medicine, Medical and Life Sciences Faculty, Furtwangen University, Jakob-Kienzle-Strasse 17, 78054 Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany; (O.R.); (M.B.)
- EXIM Department, Fraunhofer Institute IZI, Leipzig, Schillingallee 68, 18057 Rostock, Germany
- Faculty of Science, University of Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
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Abstract
This chapter provides an overview of the growth factors active in bone regeneration and healing. Both normal and impaired bone healing are discussed, with a focus on the spatiotemporal activity of the various growth factors known to be involved in the healing response. The review highlights the activities of most important growth factors impacting bone regeneration, with a particular emphasis on those being pursued for clinical translation or which have already been marketed as components of bone regenerative materials. Current approaches the use of bone grafts in clinical settings of bone repair (including bone grafts) are summarized, and carrier systems (scaffolds) for bone tissue engineering via localized growth factor delivery are reviewed. The chapter concludes with a consideration of how bone repair might be improved in the future.
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19
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Attarilar S, Ebrahimi M, Djavanroodi F, Fu Y, Wang L, Yang J. 3D Printing Technologies in Metallic Implants: A Thematic Review on the Techniques and Procedures. Int J Bioprint 2020; 7:306. [PMID: 33585711 PMCID: PMC7875061 DOI: 10.18063/ijb.v7i1.306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Additive manufacturing (AM) is among the most attractive methods to produce implants, the processes are very swift and it can be precisely controlled to meet patient’s requirement since they can be produced in exact shape, dimension, and even texture of different living tissues. Until now, lots of methods have emerged and used in this field with diverse characteristics. This review aims to comprehensively discuss 3D printing (3DP) technologies to manufacture metallic implants, especially on techniques and procedures. Various technologies based on their main properties are categorized, the effecting parameters are introduced, and the history of AM technology is briefly analyzed. Subsequently, the utilization of these AM-manufactured components in medicine along with their effectual variables is discussed, and special attention is paid on to the production of porous scaffolds, taking pore size, density, etc., into consideration. Finally, 3DP of the popular metallic systems in medical applications such as titanium, Ti6Al4V, cobalt-chromium alloys, and shape memory alloys are studied. In general, AM manufactured implants need to comply with important requirements such as biocompatibility, suitable mechanical properties (strength and elastic modulus), surface conditions, custom-built designs, fast production, etc. This review aims to introduce the AM technologies in implant applications and find new ways to design more sophisticated methods and compatible implants that mimic the desired tissue functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shokouh Attarilar
- Department of Pediatric Orthopaedics, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Material Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mahmoud Ebrahimi
- National Engineering Research Center of Light Alloy Net Forming, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Faramarz Djavanroodi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University, Al Khobar, KSA.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Yuanfei Fu
- Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Liqiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Material Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junlin Yang
- Department of Pediatric Orthopaedics, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Wang M, Li H, Yang Y, Yuan K, Zhou F, Liu H, Zhou Q, Yang S, Tang T. A 3D-bioprinted scaffold with doxycycline-controlled BMP2-expressing cells for inducing bone regeneration and inhibiting bacterial infection. Bioact Mater 2020; 6:1318-1329. [PMID: 33210025 PMCID: PMC7658329 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2020.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Large bone defects face a high risk of pathogen exposure due to open wounds, which leads to high infection rates and delayed bone union. To promote successful repair of infectious bone defects, fabrication of a scaffold with dual functions of osteo-induction and bacterial inhibition is required. This study describes creation of an engineered progenitor cell line (C3H10T1/2) capable of doxycycline (DOX)-mediated release of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2). Three-dimensional bioprinting technology enabled creation of scaffolds, comprising polycaprolactone/mesoporous bioactive glass/DOX and bioink, containing these engineered cells. In vivo and in vitro experiments confirmed that the scaffold could actively secrete BMP2 to significantly promote osteoblast differentiation and induce ectopic bone formation. Additionally, the scaffold exhibited broad-spectrum antibacterial capacity, thereby ensuring the survival of embedded engineered cells when facing high risk of infection. These findings demonstrated the efficacy of this bioprinted scaffold to release BMP2 in a controlled manner and prevent the occurrence of infection; thus, showing its potential for repairing infectious bone defects. Genetic engineering and 3D bioprinting. Dual-functional. Suitable for infectious bone defect repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minqi Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Hanjun Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Yiqi Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Kai Yuan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Feng Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Haibei Liu
- Shanghai Graphic Design Information Co. Ltd, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Qinghui Zhou
- Shanghai Graphic Design Information Co. Ltd, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Shengbing Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Tingting Tang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
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Pahlevanzadeh F, Emadi R, Valiani A, Kharaziha M, Poursamar SA, Bakhsheshi-Rad HR, Ismail AF, RamaKrishna S, Berto F. Three-Dimensional Printing Constructs Based on the Chitosan for Tissue Regeneration: State of the Art, Developing Directions and Prospect Trends. Materials (Basel) 2020; 13:E2663. [PMID: 32545256 PMCID: PMC7321644 DOI: 10.3390/ma13112663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Chitosan (CS) has gained particular attention in biomedical applications due to its biocompatibility, antibacterial feature, and biodegradability. Hence, many studies have focused on the manufacturing of CS films, scaffolds, particulate, and inks via different production methods. Nowadays, with the possibility of the precise adjustment of porosity size and shape, fiber size, suitable interconnectivity of pores, and creation of patient-specific constructs, 3D printing has overcome the limitations of many traditional manufacturing methods. Therefore, the fabrication of 3D printed CS scaffolds can lead to promising advances in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. A review of additive manufacturing types, CS-based printed constructs, their usages as biomaterials, advantages, and drawbacks can open doors to optimize CS-based constructions for biomedical applications. The latest technological issues and upcoming capabilities of 3D printing with CS-based biopolymers for different applications are also discussed. This review article will act as a roadmap aiming to investigate chitosan as a new feedstock concerning various 3D printing approaches which may be employed in biomedical fields. In fact, the combination of 3D printing and CS-based biopolymers is extremely appealing particularly with regard to certain clinical purposes. Complications of 3D printing coupled with the challenges associated with materials should be recognized to help make this method feasible for wider clinical requirements. This strategy is currently gaining substantial attention in terms of several industrial biomedical products. In this review, the key 3D printing approaches along with revealing historical background are initially presented, and ultimately, the applications of different 3D printing techniques for fabricating chitosan constructs will be discussed. The recognition of essential complications and technical problems related to numerous 3D printing techniques and CS-based biopolymer choices according to clinical requirements is crucial. A comprehensive investigation will be required to encounter those challenges and to completely understand the possibilities of 3D printing in the foreseeable future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farnoosh Pahlevanzadeh
- Department of Materials Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran; (F.P.); (R.E.); (M.K.)
- Department of Anatomical Science, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran;
| | - Rahmatollah Emadi
- Department of Materials Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran; (F.P.); (R.E.); (M.K.)
| | - Ali Valiani
- Department of Anatomical Science, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran;
| | - Mahshid Kharaziha
- Department of Materials Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran; (F.P.); (R.E.); (M.K.)
| | - S. Ali Poursamar
- Biomaterials, Nanotechnology, and Tissue Engineering Group, Advanced Medical Technology Department, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 81746-73461, Iran;
| | - Hamid Reza Bakhsheshi-Rad
- Advanced Materials Research Center, Department of Materials Engineering, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran
| | - Ahmad Fauzi Ismail
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Center (AMTEC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai 81310, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia;
| | - Seeram RamaKrishna
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117576, Singapore;
| | - Filippo Berto
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
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Aslam Khan MU, Mehboob H, Abd Razak SI, Yahya MY, Mohd Yusof AH, Ramlee MH, Sahaya Anand TJ, Hassan R, Aziz A, Amin R. Development of Polymeric Nanocomposite (Xyloglucan-co-Methacrylic Acid/Hydroxyapatite/SiO 2) Scaffold for Bone Tissue Engineering Applications-In-Vitro Antibacterial, Cytotoxicity and Cell Culture Evaluation. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1238. [PMID: 32485926 DOI: 10.3390/polym12061238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Advancement and innovation in bone regeneration, specifically polymeric composite scaffolds, are of high significance for the treatment of bone defects. Xyloglucan (XG) is a polysaccharide biopolymer having a wide variety of regenerative tissue therapeutic applications due to its biocompatibility, in-vitro degradation and cytocompatibility. Current research is focused on the fabrication of polymeric bioactive scaffolds by freeze drying method for nanocomposite materials. The nanocomposite materials have been synthesized from free radical polymerization using n-SiO2 and n-HAp XG and Methacrylic acid (MAAc). Functional group analysis, crystallinity and surface morphology were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques, respectively. These bioactive polymeric scaffolds presented interconnected and well-organized porous morphology, controlled precisely by substantial ratios of n-SiO2. The swelling analysis was also performed in different media at varying temperatures (27, 37 and 47 °C) and the mechanical behavior of the dried scaffolds is also investigated. Antibacterial activities of these scaffolds were conducted against pathogenic gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Besides, the biological behavior of these scaffolds was evaluated by the Neutral Red dye assay against the MC3T3-E1 cell line. The scaffolds showed interesting properties for bone tissue engineering, including porosity with substantial mechanical strength, biodegradability, biocompatibility and cytocompatibility behavior. The reported polymeric bioactive scaffolds can be aspirant biomaterials for bone tissue engineering to regenerate defecated bone.
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