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Herzog H, Glöckler S, Flamm J, Ladel S, Maigler F, Pitzer C, Schindowski K. Intranasal Nose-to-Brain Drug Delivery via the Olfactory Region in Mice: Two In-Depth Protocols for Region-Specific Intranasal Application of Antibodies and for Expression Analysis of Fc Receptors via In Situ Hybridization in the Nasal Mucosa. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2754:387-410. [PMID: 38512678 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3629-9_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
A region-specific catheter-based intranasal administration method was successfully developed, established, and validated as reported previously. By using this method, drugs can be applicated specifically to the olfactory region. Thereby, intranasally administered drugs could be delivered via neuronal connections to the central nervous system. Here, we present a detailed protocol with a step-by-step procedure for nose-to-brain delivery via the olfactory mucosa.Fc receptors such as the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) and potentially Fcγ receptor IIb (FcγRIIb) are involved in the uptake and transport of antibodies via the olfactory nasal mucosa. To better characterize their expression levels and their role in CNS drug delivery via the nose, an in situ hybridization (ISH) protocol was adapted for nasal mucosa samples and described in abundant details.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Herzog
- Institute of Applied Biotechnology, University of Applied Science Biberach, Biberach, Germany
- Faculty of Natural Science, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Sara Glöckler
- Institute of Applied Biotechnology, University of Applied Science Biberach, Biberach, Germany
- Faculty of Natural Science, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Johannes Flamm
- Institute of Applied Biotechnology, University of Applied Science Biberach, Biberach, Germany
- Faculty of Natural Science, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Simone Ladel
- Institute of Applied Biotechnology, University of Applied Science Biberach, Biberach, Germany
- Faculty of Natural Science, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Frank Maigler
- Institute of Applied Biotechnology, University of Applied Science Biberach, Biberach, Germany
- Faculty of Natural Science, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Claudia Pitzer
- Interdisciplinary Neurobehavioral Core, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katharina Schindowski
- Institute of Applied Biotechnology, University of Applied Science Biberach, Biberach, Germany.
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Fieux M, Rovera R, Coiffier C, Colomb E, Enjolras N, Béquignon E, Monge C, Le Quellec S. In vivo intranasal delivery of coagulation factor IX: a proof-of-concept study. J Thromb Haemost 2023; 21:3117-3123. [PMID: 37633640 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtha.2023.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hemophilia B (HB) is a bleeding disorder characterized by coagulation factor (F) IX (FIX) deficiency. The current standard-of-care for severe HB is prophylaxis with long-term repetitive intravenous (i.v.) infusions of recombinant FIX (rFIX) with standard half-life or extended half-life. Unmet needs remain regarding the development of non-invasive administration routes for coagulation factors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of intranasal delivery (IND) of rFIX and rFIX fused to Fc fragment (rFIX-Fc) in mice. METHODS Drops of rFIX and rFIX-Fc were deposited in the nostrils of wild-type, FcRn knock-out, FcRn humanized, and FIX knock-out mice. rFIX mucosal uptake was evaluated by measuring plasma FIX antigen and FIX activity (FIX:C) levels, and by performing histologic analysis of the nasal mucosa following IND. RESULTS After IND, both rFIX and rFIX-Fc were equally delivered to the blood compartment, irrespective of the mouse strain studied, mostly through a passive mechanism of transportation across the mucosal barrier, independent of FcRn receptor. Both plasma FIX antigen and FIX:C activity levels increased following IND in FIX knock-out mice. CONCLUSION This proof-of-concept study describes evidence supporting the nasal route as an alternative to FIX i.v. infusion for the treatment of HB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Fieux
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Service d'ORL, d'otoneurochirurgie et de chirurgie cervico-faciale, F-69310, Pierre Bénite, France; Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, F-69003, Lyon, France; Univ Paris Est Créteil, INSERM, IMRB, F-94010 Créteil, France; CNRS EMR 7000, F-94010 Créteil, France
| | - Renaud Rovera
- UMR 5305, Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et d'Ingénierie Thérapeutique, Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines, CNRS/Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 7 Passage du Vercors, CEDEX 07, 69367 Lyon, France
| | - Céline Coiffier
- UMR 5305, Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et d'Ingénierie Thérapeutique, Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines, CNRS/Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 7 Passage du Vercors, CEDEX 07, 69367 Lyon, France
| | - Evelyne Colomb
- UMR 5305, Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et d'Ingénierie Thérapeutique, Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines, CNRS/Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 7 Passage du Vercors, CEDEX 07, 69367 Lyon, France
| | - Nathalie Enjolras
- EA 4609 Hémostase et cancer, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, F-69003, Lyon, France
| | - Emilie Béquignon
- Univ Paris Est Créteil, INSERM, IMRB, F-94010 Créteil, France; CNRS EMR 7000, F-94010 Créteil, France; Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Créteil, Service d'Oto-Rhino-Laryngologie et de Chirurgie Cervico-Faciale, F-94010 Créteil, France
| | - Claire Monge
- UMR 5305, Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et d'Ingénierie Thérapeutique, Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines, CNRS/Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 7 Passage du Vercors, CEDEX 07, 69367 Lyon, France
| | - Sandra Le Quellec
- EA 4609 Hémostase et cancer, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, F-69003, Lyon, France; Unité d'hémostase clinique, Centre National de Référence de l'hémophilie, Hospices Civils de Lyon, France.
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Pernet V, Joly S, Spiegel S, Meli I, Idriss S, Maigler F, Mdzomba JB, Roenneke AK, Franceschini A, Silvestri L, Pavone FS, Calamai M, Schindowski K, Chan A. Nogo-A antibody delivery through the olfactory mucosa mitigates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in the mouse CNS. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:290. [PMID: 37558696 PMCID: PMC10412545 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01588-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic administration of Nogo-A-neutralizing antibody ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of multiple sclerosis. However, the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a major obstacle limiting the passage of systemically applied antibody to the CNS. To bypass the BBB, in the present study we tested the intranasal route of administration by targeting the olfactory mucosa with the Nogo-A-blocking antibody 11C7 mAb in myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-induced EAE. Antibodies were specifically administered onto the olfactory mucosa using a microcatheter. Antibody distribution was examined in the CNS by ELISA and light-sheet microscopy. The effects of 11C7 mAb on Nogo-A signaling were assessed by Western blotting. EAE-induced deficits were monitored daily. Demyelination was observed on spinal cord histological sections. Gene expression changes were followed by trancriptomic analyses. A sensitive capture ELISA revealed a rapid and widespread distribution of 11C7 mAb in the CNS, including the olfactory bulb, the cerebellum and the lumbar spinal cord, but not in the CSF. Light-sheet microscopy allowed to observe antibody accumulation in the parenchyma, thus demonstrating nose-to-brain transfer of IgG. At the functional level, the widespread penetration of 11C7 mAb in the CNS, including the thoracolumbar spinal cord, resulted in the improvement of motor symptoms and in the preservation of myelin in the spinal cord of EAE mice. This was accompanied by Nogo-A signaling downregulation, as reflected by the decreased level of phosphorylated cofilin observed by Western blotting in the cerebellum. In the brain of EAE score-matched animals, 11C7 modified the expression of genes that can influence neurotransmission and cognitive functions, independently of the demyelination phenotype in the spinal cord. In conclusion, our data show the feasibility of olfactory mucosa-directed administration for the delivery of therapeutic antibodies targeting CNS antigens in EAE mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Pernet
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
- Center for experimental neurology (ZEN), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval and Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada.
| | - Sandrine Joly
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Center for experimental neurology (ZEN), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Ophthalmology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Spiegel
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Center for experimental neurology (ZEN), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Institute of Applied Biotechnology, Biberach University of Applied Science, Hubertus-Liebrecht-Strasse 35, Biberach, Germany
- Department of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ivo Meli
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Center for experimental neurology (ZEN), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sherif Idriss
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Center for experimental neurology (ZEN), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Frank Maigler
- Institute of Applied Biotechnology, Biberach University of Applied Science, Hubertus-Liebrecht-Strasse 35, Biberach, Germany
| | - Julius Baya Mdzomba
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Center for experimental neurology (ZEN), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Anna K Roenneke
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Center for experimental neurology (ZEN), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Alessandra Franceschini
- LENS- European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy, University of Florence, Sesto-Fiorentino (Firenze), Italy
| | - Ludovico Silvestri
- LENS- European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy, University of Florence, Sesto-Fiorentino (Firenze), Italy
| | - Francesco S Pavone
- LENS- European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy, University of Florence, Sesto-Fiorentino (Firenze), Italy
| | - Martino Calamai
- LENS- European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy, University of Florence, Sesto-Fiorentino (Firenze), Italy
- National Institute of Optics - National Research Council (CNR-INO), Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Katharina Schindowski
- Institute of Applied Biotechnology, Biberach University of Applied Science, Hubertus-Liebrecht-Strasse 35, Biberach, Germany
| | - Andrew Chan
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
- Center for experimental neurology (ZEN), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
- Department of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
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Bodie NM, Hashimoto R, Connolly D, Chu J, Takayama K, Uhal BD. Design of a chimeric ACE-2/Fc-silent fusion protein with ultrahigh affinity and neutralizing capacity for SARS-CoV-2 variants. Antib Ther 2023; 6:59-74. [PMID: 36741194 PMCID: PMC9889962 DOI: 10.1093/abt/tbad001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background As SARS-CoV-2 continues to mutate into Variants of Concern (VOC), there is growing and urgent need to develop effective antivirals to combat COVID-19. Monoclonal antibodies developed earlier are no longer capable of effectively neutralizing currently active VOCs. This report describes the design of variant-agnostic chimeric molecules consisting of an Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE-2) domain mutated to retain ultrahigh affinity binding to a wide variety of SARS-CoV-2 variants, coupled to an Fc-silent immunoglobulin domain that eliminates antibody-dependent enhancement and extends biological half-life. Methods Molecular modeling, Surrogate Viral Neutralization tests (sVNTs) and infection studies of human airway organoid cultures were performed with synthetic chimeras, SARS-CoV-2 spike protein mimics and SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variants B.1.1.214, BA.1, BA.2 and BA.5. Results ACE-2 mutations L27, V34 and E90 resulted in ultrahigh affinity binding of the LVE-ACE-2 domain to the widest variety of VOCs, with KDs of 93 pM and 73 pM for binding to the Alpha B1.1.7 and Omicron B.1.1.529 variants, and notably, 78fM, 133fM and 1.81pM affinities to the Omicron BA.2, BA2.75 and BQ.1.1 subvariants, respectively. sVNT assays revealed titers of ≥4.9 ng/ml, for neutralization of recombinant viral proteins corresponding to the Alpha, Delta and Omicron variants. The values above were obtained with LVE-ACE-2/mAB chimeras containing the FcRn-binding Y-T-E sequence which extends biological half-life 3-4-fold. Conclusions The ACE-2-mutant/Fc silent fusion proteins described have ultrahigh affinity to a wide variety of SARS-CoV-2 variants including Omicron. It is proposed that these chimeric ACE-2/mABs will constitute variant-agnostic and cost-effective prophylactics against SARS-CoV-2, particularly when administered nasally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil M Bodie
- Paradigm Immunotherapeutics Inc., Monrovia, CA 91016, USA
| | - Rina Hashimoto
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto 6068507, Japan
| | - David Connolly
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Jennifer Chu
- Innovation Lab, ACROBiosystems, 1 Innovation Way, Newark, DE 19711, USA
| | - Kazuo Takayama
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Bruce D. Uhal, Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, 3197 Biomedical and Physical Sciences Building, 567 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA. and Kazuo Takayama, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto 6068507, Japan.
| | - Bruce D Uhal
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Bruce D. Uhal, Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, 3197 Biomedical and Physical Sciences Building, 567 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA. and Kazuo Takayama, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto 6068507, Japan.
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Khatri DK, Preeti K, Tonape S, Bhattacharjee S, Patel M, Shah S, Singh PK, Srivastava S, Gugulothu D, Vora L, Singh SB. Nanotechnological Advances for Nose to Brain Delivery of Therapeutics to Improve the Parkinson Therapy. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:493-516. [PMID: 35524671 PMCID: PMC10207920 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x20666220507022701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB) acts as a highly impermeable barrier, presenting an impediment to the crossing of most classical drugs targeted for neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson's disease (PD). About the nature of drugs and other potential molecules, they impose unavoidable doserestricted limitations eventually leading to the failure of therapy. However, many advancements in formulation technology and modification of delivery approaches have been successful in delivering the drug to the brain in the therapeutic window. The nose to the brain (N2B) drug delivery employing the nanoformulation, is one such emerging delivery approach, overcoming both classical drug formulation and delivery-associated limitations. This latter approach offers increased bioavailability, greater patient acceptance, lesser metabolic degradation of drugs, circumvention of BBB, ample drug loading along with the controlled release of the drugs. In N2B delivery, the intranasal (IN) route carries therapeutics firstly into the nasal cavity followed by the brain through olfactory and trigeminal nerve connections linked with nasal mucosa. The N2B delivery approach is being explored for delivering other biologicals like neuropeptides and mitochondria. Meanwhile, this N2B delivery system is associated with critical challenges consisting of mucociliary clearance, degradation by enzymes, and drug translocations by efflux mechanisms. These challenges finally culminated in the development of suitable surfacemodified nano-carriers and Focused- Ultrasound-Assisted IN as FUS-IN technique which has expanded the horizons of N2B drug delivery. Hence, nanotechnology, in collaboration with advances in the IN route of drug administration, has a diversified approach for treating PD. The present review discusses the physiology and limitation of IN delivery along with current advances in nanocarrier and technical development assisting N2B drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharmendra K. Khatri
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana State, India
| | - Kumari Preeti
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana State, India
| | - Shivraj Tonape
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana State, India
| | - Sheoshree Bhattacharjee
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana State, India
| | - Monica Patel
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana State, India
| | - Saurabh Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana State, India
| | - Pankaj K. Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana State, India
| | - Saurabh Srivastava
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana State, India
| | - Dalapathi Gugulothu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University (DPSRU), New Delhi-110017, India
| | - Lalitkumar Vora
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast-BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Shashi B. Singh
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana State, India
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Spindler LM, Serpetsi S, Flamm J, Feuerhake A, Böhler L, Pravda M, Borchers K, Tovar GE, Schindowski K, Gruber-Traub C. Hyaluronate spreading validates mucin-agarose analogs as test systems to replace porcine nasal mucosa explants: An experimental and theoretical investigation. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Fortuna A, Schindowski K, Sonvico F. Editorial: Intranasal Drug Delivery: Challenges and Opportunities. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:868986. [PMID: 35308245 PMCID: PMC8924485 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.868986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Fortuna
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Katharina Schindowski
- Institute for Applied Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences Biberach, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Fabio Sonvico
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.,University Research Centre for the Innovation of Health Products, Biopharmanet-TEC, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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Soleimanizadeh A, Dinter H, Schindowski K. Central Nervous System Delivery of Antibodies and Their Single-Domain Antibodies and Variable Fragment Derivatives with Focus on Intranasal Nose to Brain Administration. Antibodies (Basel) 2021; 10:antib10040047. [PMID: 34939999 PMCID: PMC8699001 DOI: 10.3390/antib10040047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
IgG antibodies are some of the most important biopharmaceutical molecules with a high market volume. In spite of the fact that clinical therapies with antibodies are broadly utilized in oncology, immunology and hematology, their delivery strategies and biodistribution need improvement, their limitations being due to their size and poor ability to penetrate into tissues. In view of their small size, there is a rising interest in derivatives, such as single-domain antibodies and single-chain variable fragments, for clinical diagnostic but also therapeutic applications. Smaller antibody formats combine several benefits for clinical applications and can be manufactured at reduced production costs compared with full-length IgGs. Moreover, such formats have a relevant potential for targeted drug delivery that directs drug cargo to a specific tissue or across the blood–brain barrier. In this review, we give an overview of the challenges for antibody drug delivery in general and focus on intranasal delivery to the central nervous system with antibody formats of different sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arghavan Soleimanizadeh
- Institute of Applied Biotechnology, Biberach University of Applied Science, 88400 Biberach, Germany; (A.S.); (H.D.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Heiko Dinter
- Institute of Applied Biotechnology, Biberach University of Applied Science, 88400 Biberach, Germany; (A.S.); (H.D.)
- Department of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Katharina Schindowski
- Institute of Applied Biotechnology, Biberach University of Applied Science, 88400 Biberach, Germany; (A.S.); (H.D.)
- Correspondence:
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9
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Maigler F, Ladel S, Flamm J, Gänger S, Kurpiers B, Kiderlen S, Völk R, Hamp C, Hartung S, Spiegel S, Soleimanizadeh A, Eberle K, Hermann R, Krainer L, Pitzer C, Schindowski K. Selective CNS Targeting and Distribution with a Refined Region-Specific Intranasal Delivery Technique via the Olfactory Mucosa. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13111904. [PMID: 34834319 PMCID: PMC8620656 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13111904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Intranasal drug delivery is a promising approach for the delivery of drugs to the CNS, but too heterogenous, unprecise delivery methods without standardization decrease the quality of many studies in rodents. Thus, the lack of a precise and region-specific application technique for mice is a major drawback. In this study, a previously developed catheter-based refined technique was validated against the conventional pipette-based method and used to specifically reach the olfactory or the respiratory nasal regions. This study successfully demonstrated region-specific administration at the olfactory mucosa resulting in over 20% of the administered fluorescein dose in the olfactory bulbs, and no peripheral bioactivity of insulin detemir and Fc-dependent uptake of two murine IgG1 (11C7 and P3X) along the olfactory pathway to cortex and hippocampus. An scFv of 11C7 showed hardly any uptake to the CNS. Elimination was dependent on the presence of the IgG’s antigen. In summary, it was successfully demonstrated that region-specific intranasal administration via the olfactory region resulted in improved brain targeting and reduced peripheral targeting in mice. The data are discussed with regard to their clinical potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Maigler
- Institute of Applied Biotechnology, University of Applied Science Biberach, Hubertus-Liebrecht Straße 35, 88400 Biberach, Germany; (F.M.); (S.L.); (J.F.); (S.G.); (R.V.); (C.H.); (S.H.); (S.S.); (A.S.); (K.E.); (R.H.)
- Faculty of Natural Science, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Simone Ladel
- Institute of Applied Biotechnology, University of Applied Science Biberach, Hubertus-Liebrecht Straße 35, 88400 Biberach, Germany; (F.M.); (S.L.); (J.F.); (S.G.); (R.V.); (C.H.); (S.H.); (S.S.); (A.S.); (K.E.); (R.H.)
- Faculty of Natural Science, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Johannes Flamm
- Institute of Applied Biotechnology, University of Applied Science Biberach, Hubertus-Liebrecht Straße 35, 88400 Biberach, Germany; (F.M.); (S.L.); (J.F.); (S.G.); (R.V.); (C.H.); (S.H.); (S.S.); (A.S.); (K.E.); (R.H.)
- Faculty of Natural Science, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Stella Gänger
- Institute of Applied Biotechnology, University of Applied Science Biberach, Hubertus-Liebrecht Straße 35, 88400 Biberach, Germany; (F.M.); (S.L.); (J.F.); (S.G.); (R.V.); (C.H.); (S.H.); (S.S.); (A.S.); (K.E.); (R.H.)
- Medical Faculty, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Barbara Kurpiers
- Interdisciplinary Neurobehavioral Core, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 515, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (B.K.); (C.P.)
| | - Stefanie Kiderlen
- Prospective Instruments LK OG, Stadtstraße 33, 6850 Dornbirn, Austria; (S.K.); (L.K.)
| | - Ronja Völk
- Institute of Applied Biotechnology, University of Applied Science Biberach, Hubertus-Liebrecht Straße 35, 88400 Biberach, Germany; (F.M.); (S.L.); (J.F.); (S.G.); (R.V.); (C.H.); (S.H.); (S.S.); (A.S.); (K.E.); (R.H.)
| | - Carmen Hamp
- Institute of Applied Biotechnology, University of Applied Science Biberach, Hubertus-Liebrecht Straße 35, 88400 Biberach, Germany; (F.M.); (S.L.); (J.F.); (S.G.); (R.V.); (C.H.); (S.H.); (S.S.); (A.S.); (K.E.); (R.H.)
| | - Sunniva Hartung
- Institute of Applied Biotechnology, University of Applied Science Biberach, Hubertus-Liebrecht Straße 35, 88400 Biberach, Germany; (F.M.); (S.L.); (J.F.); (S.G.); (R.V.); (C.H.); (S.H.); (S.S.); (A.S.); (K.E.); (R.H.)
| | - Sebastian Spiegel
- Institute of Applied Biotechnology, University of Applied Science Biberach, Hubertus-Liebrecht Straße 35, 88400 Biberach, Germany; (F.M.); (S.L.); (J.F.); (S.G.); (R.V.); (C.H.); (S.H.); (S.S.); (A.S.); (K.E.); (R.H.)
| | - Arghavan Soleimanizadeh
- Institute of Applied Biotechnology, University of Applied Science Biberach, Hubertus-Liebrecht Straße 35, 88400 Biberach, Germany; (F.M.); (S.L.); (J.F.); (S.G.); (R.V.); (C.H.); (S.H.); (S.S.); (A.S.); (K.E.); (R.H.)
| | - Katharina Eberle
- Institute of Applied Biotechnology, University of Applied Science Biberach, Hubertus-Liebrecht Straße 35, 88400 Biberach, Germany; (F.M.); (S.L.); (J.F.); (S.G.); (R.V.); (C.H.); (S.H.); (S.S.); (A.S.); (K.E.); (R.H.)
| | - Rebecca Hermann
- Institute of Applied Biotechnology, University of Applied Science Biberach, Hubertus-Liebrecht Straße 35, 88400 Biberach, Germany; (F.M.); (S.L.); (J.F.); (S.G.); (R.V.); (C.H.); (S.H.); (S.S.); (A.S.); (K.E.); (R.H.)
| | - Lukas Krainer
- Prospective Instruments LK OG, Stadtstraße 33, 6850 Dornbirn, Austria; (S.K.); (L.K.)
| | - Claudia Pitzer
- Interdisciplinary Neurobehavioral Core, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 515, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (B.K.); (C.P.)
| | - Katharina Schindowski
- Institute of Applied Biotechnology, University of Applied Science Biberach, Hubertus-Liebrecht Straße 35, 88400 Biberach, Germany; (F.M.); (S.L.); (J.F.); (S.G.); (R.V.); (C.H.); (S.H.); (S.S.); (A.S.); (K.E.); (R.H.)
- Correspondence:
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10
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Al Ojaimi Y, Blin T, Lamamy J, Gracia M, Pitiot A, Denevault-Sabourin C, Joubert N, Pouget JP, Gouilleux-Gruart V, Heuzé-Vourc'h N, Lanznaster D, Poty S, Sécher T. Therapeutic antibodies - natural and pathological barriers and strategies to overcome them. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 233:108022. [PMID: 34687769 PMCID: PMC8527648 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.108022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Antibody-based therapeutics have become a major class of therapeutics with over 120 recombinant antibodies approved or under review in the EU or US. This therapeutic class has experienced a remarkable expansion with an expected acceleration in 2021-2022 due to the extraordinary global response to SARS-CoV2 pandemic and the public disclosure of over a hundred anti-SARS-CoV2 antibodies. Mainly delivered intravenously, alternative delivery routes have emerged to improve antibody therapeutic index and patient comfort. A major hurdle for antibody delivery and efficacy as well as the development of alternative administration routes, is to understand the different natural and pathological barriers that antibodies face as soon as they enter the body up to the moment they bind to their target antigen. In this review, we discuss the well-known and more under-investigated extracellular and cellular barriers faced by antibodies. We also discuss some of the strategies developed in the recent years to overcome these barriers and increase antibody delivery to its site of action. A better understanding of the biological barriers that antibodies have to face will allow the optimization of antibody delivery near its target. This opens the way to the development of improved therapy with less systemic side effects and increased patients' adherence to the treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yara Al Ojaimi
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Inserm, 37000 Tours, France; University of Tours, 37000 Tours, France
| | - Timothée Blin
- University of Tours, 37000 Tours, France; UMR 1100, CEPR, Inserm, 37000 Tours, France
| | - Juliette Lamamy
- University of Tours, 37000 Tours, France; GICC, EA7501, 37000 Tours, France
| | - Matthieu Gracia
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), Inserm U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), Montpellier F-34298, France
| | - Aubin Pitiot
- University of Tours, 37000 Tours, France; UMR 1100, CEPR, Inserm, 37000 Tours, France
| | | | - Nicolas Joubert
- University of Tours, 37000 Tours, France; GICC, EA7501, 37000 Tours, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Pouget
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), Inserm U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), Montpellier F-34298, France
| | | | | | - Débora Lanznaster
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Inserm, 37000 Tours, France; University of Tours, 37000 Tours, France
| | - Sophie Poty
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), Inserm U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), Montpellier F-34298, France
| | - Thomas Sécher
- University of Tours, 37000 Tours, France; UMR 1100, CEPR, Inserm, 37000 Tours, France
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11
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Spindler LM, Feuerhake A, Ladel S, Günday C, Flamm J, Günday-Türeli N, Türeli E, Tovar GEM, Schindowski K, Gruber-Traub C. Nano-in-Micro-Particles Consisting of PLGA Nanoparticles Embedded in Chitosan Microparticles via Spray-Drying Enhances Their Uptake in the Olfactory Mucosa. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:732954. [PMID: 34539414 PMCID: PMC8440808 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.732954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Intranasal delivery has gained prominence since 1990, when the olfactory mucosa was recognized as the window to the brain and the central nervous system (CNS); this has enabled the direct site specific targeting of neurological diseases for the first time. Intranasal delivery is a promising route because general limitations, such as the blood-brain barrier (BBB) are circumvented. In the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) or Alzheimer’s disease, for example, future treatment prospects include specialized particles as delivery vehicles. Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles are well known as promising delivery systems, especially in the area of nose-to-brain (N2B) delivery. Chitosan is also broadly known as a functional additive due to its ability to open tight junctions. In this study, we produced PLGA nanoparticles of different sizes and revealed for the first time their size-time-dependent uptake mechanism into the lamina propria of porcine olfactory mucosa. The intracellular uptake was observed for 80 and 175 nm within only 5 min after application to the epithelium. After 15 min, even 520 nm particles were detected, associated with nuclei. Especially the presence of only 520 nm particles in neuronal fibers is remarkable, implying transcellular and intracellular transport via the olfactory or the trigeminal nerve to the brain and the CNS. Additionally, we developed successfully specialized Nano-in-Micro particles (NiMPs) for the first time via spray drying, consisting of PLGA nanoparticles embedded into chitosan microparticles, characterized by high encapsulation efficiencies up to 51%, reproducible and uniform size distribution, as well as smooth surface. Application of NiMPs accelerated the uptake compared to purely applied PLGA nanoparticles. NiMPs were spread over the whole transverse section of the olfactory mucosa within 15 min. Faster uptake is attributed to additional paracellular transport, which was examined via tight-junction-opening. Furthermore, a separate chitosan penetration gradient of ∼150 µm caused by dissociation from PLGA nanoparticles was observed within 15 min in the lamina propria, which was demonstrated to be proportional to an immunoreactivity gradient of CD14. Due to the beneficial properties of the utilized chitosan-derivative, regarding molecular weight (150–300 kDa), degree of deacetylation (80%), and particle size (0.1–10 µm) we concluded that M2-macrophages herein initiated an anti-inflammatory reaction, which seems to already take place within 15 min following chitosan particle application. In conclusion, we demonstrated the possibility for PLGA nanoparticles, as well as for chitosan NiMPs, to take all three prominent intranasal delivery pathways to the brain and the CNS; namely transcellular, intracellular via neuronal cells, and paracellular transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Marie Spindler
- Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology, Innovation Field Functional Surfaces and Materials, Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft, Stuttgart, Germany.,Institute of Interfacial Process Engineering and Plasma Technology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Andreas Feuerhake
- Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology, Innovation Field Functional Surfaces and Materials, Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Simone Ladel
- Institute for Applied Biotechnology, Biberach University of Applied Science, Biberach, Germany.,Faculty of Natural Science, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Johannes Flamm
- Institute for Applied Biotechnology, Biberach University of Applied Science, Biberach, Germany.,Faculty of Natural Science, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | | | | | - Günter E M Tovar
- Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology, Innovation Field Functional Surfaces and Materials, Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft, Stuttgart, Germany.,Institute of Interfacial Process Engineering and Plasma Technology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Katharina Schindowski
- Institute for Applied Biotechnology, Biberach University of Applied Science, Biberach, Germany
| | - Carmen Gruber-Traub
- Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology, Innovation Field Functional Surfaces and Materials, Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft, Stuttgart, Germany
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12
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Halwe S, Kupke A, Vanshylla K, Liberta F, Gruell H, Zehner M, Rohde C, Krähling V, Gellhorn Serra M, Kreer C, Klüver M, Sauerhering L, Schmidt J, Cai Z, Han F, Young D, Yang G, Widera M, Koch M, Werner A, Kämper L, Becker N, Marlow MS, Eickmann M, Ciesek S, Schiele F, Klein F, Becker S. Intranasal Administration of a Monoclonal Neutralizing Antibody Protects Mice against SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Viruses 2021; 13:v13081498. [PMID: 34452363 PMCID: PMC8402634 DOI: 10.3390/v13081498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the recent availability of vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2), there is an urgent need for specific anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs. Monoclonal neutralizing antibodies are an important drug class in the global fight against the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic due to their ability to convey immediate protection and their potential to be used as both prophylactic and therapeutic drugs. Clinically used neutralizing antibodies against respiratory viruses are currently injected intravenously, which can lead to suboptimal pulmonary bioavailability and thus to a lower effectiveness. Here we describe DZIF-10c, a fully human monoclonal neutralizing antibody that binds the receptor-binding domain of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. DZIF-10c displays an exceptionally high neutralizing potency against SARS-CoV-2, retains full activity against the variant of concern (VOC) B.1.1.7 and still neutralizes the VOC B.1.351, although with reduced potency. Importantly, not only systemic but also intranasal application of DZIF-10c abolished the presence of infectious particles in the lungs of SARS-CoV-2 infected mice and mitigated lung pathology when administered prophylactically. Along with a favorable pharmacokinetic profile, these results highlight DZIF-10c as a novel human SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody with high in vitro and in vivo antiviral potency. The successful intranasal application of DZIF-10c paves the way for clinical trials investigating topical delivery of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandro Halwe
- Institute of Virology, Philipps University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 2, 35043 Marburg, Germany; (S.H.); (A.K.); (C.R.); (V.K.); (M.G.S.); (M.K.); (L.S.); (J.S.); (A.W.); (L.K.); (N.B.); (M.E.)
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Giessen-Marburg-Langen, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Alexandra Kupke
- Institute of Virology, Philipps University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 2, 35043 Marburg, Germany; (S.H.); (A.K.); (C.R.); (V.K.); (M.G.S.); (M.K.); (L.S.); (J.S.); (A.W.); (L.K.); (N.B.); (M.E.)
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Giessen-Marburg-Langen, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Kanika Vanshylla
- Institute of Virology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany; (K.V.); (H.G.); (M.Z.); (C.K.); (F.K.)
| | - Falk Liberta
- Biotherapeutics Discovery, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Strasse 65, 88397 Biberach an der Riss, Germany; (F.L.); (F.S.)
| | - Henning Gruell
- Institute of Virology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany; (K.V.); (H.G.); (M.Z.); (C.K.); (F.K.)
| | - Matthias Zehner
- Institute of Virology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany; (K.V.); (H.G.); (M.Z.); (C.K.); (F.K.)
| | - Cornelius Rohde
- Institute of Virology, Philipps University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 2, 35043 Marburg, Germany; (S.H.); (A.K.); (C.R.); (V.K.); (M.G.S.); (M.K.); (L.S.); (J.S.); (A.W.); (L.K.); (N.B.); (M.E.)
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Giessen-Marburg-Langen, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Verena Krähling
- Institute of Virology, Philipps University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 2, 35043 Marburg, Germany; (S.H.); (A.K.); (C.R.); (V.K.); (M.G.S.); (M.K.); (L.S.); (J.S.); (A.W.); (L.K.); (N.B.); (M.E.)
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Giessen-Marburg-Langen, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Michelle Gellhorn Serra
- Institute of Virology, Philipps University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 2, 35043 Marburg, Germany; (S.H.); (A.K.); (C.R.); (V.K.); (M.G.S.); (M.K.); (L.S.); (J.S.); (A.W.); (L.K.); (N.B.); (M.E.)
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Giessen-Marburg-Langen, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Kreer
- Institute of Virology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany; (K.V.); (H.G.); (M.Z.); (C.K.); (F.K.)
| | - Michael Klüver
- Institute of Virology, Philipps University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 2, 35043 Marburg, Germany; (S.H.); (A.K.); (C.R.); (V.K.); (M.G.S.); (M.K.); (L.S.); (J.S.); (A.W.); (L.K.); (N.B.); (M.E.)
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Giessen-Marburg-Langen, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Lucie Sauerhering
- Institute of Virology, Philipps University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 2, 35043 Marburg, Germany; (S.H.); (A.K.); (C.R.); (V.K.); (M.G.S.); (M.K.); (L.S.); (J.S.); (A.W.); (L.K.); (N.B.); (M.E.)
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Giessen-Marburg-Langen, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Jörg Schmidt
- Institute of Virology, Philipps University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 2, 35043 Marburg, Germany; (S.H.); (A.K.); (C.R.); (V.K.); (M.G.S.); (M.K.); (L.S.); (J.S.); (A.W.); (L.K.); (N.B.); (M.E.)
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Giessen-Marburg-Langen, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Zheng Cai
- Biotherapeutics Molecule Discovery, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., Ridgefield, CT 06877, USA; (Z.C.); (F.H.); (D.Y.); (G.Y.); (M.S.M.)
| | - Fei Han
- Biotherapeutics Molecule Discovery, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., Ridgefield, CT 06877, USA; (Z.C.); (F.H.); (D.Y.); (G.Y.); (M.S.M.)
| | - David Young
- Biotherapeutics Molecule Discovery, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., Ridgefield, CT 06877, USA; (Z.C.); (F.H.); (D.Y.); (G.Y.); (M.S.M.)
| | - Guangwei Yang
- Biotherapeutics Molecule Discovery, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., Ridgefield, CT 06877, USA; (Z.C.); (F.H.); (D.Y.); (G.Y.); (M.S.M.)
| | - Marek Widera
- Institute for Medical Virology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (M.W.); (S.C.)
| | - Manuel Koch
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany;
- Institute for Dental Research and Oral Musculoskeletal Biology and Center for Biochemistry, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Anke Werner
- Institute of Virology, Philipps University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 2, 35043 Marburg, Germany; (S.H.); (A.K.); (C.R.); (V.K.); (M.G.S.); (M.K.); (L.S.); (J.S.); (A.W.); (L.K.); (N.B.); (M.E.)
| | - Lennart Kämper
- Institute of Virology, Philipps University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 2, 35043 Marburg, Germany; (S.H.); (A.K.); (C.R.); (V.K.); (M.G.S.); (M.K.); (L.S.); (J.S.); (A.W.); (L.K.); (N.B.); (M.E.)
| | - Nico Becker
- Institute of Virology, Philipps University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 2, 35043 Marburg, Germany; (S.H.); (A.K.); (C.R.); (V.K.); (M.G.S.); (M.K.); (L.S.); (J.S.); (A.W.); (L.K.); (N.B.); (M.E.)
| | - Michael S. Marlow
- Biotherapeutics Molecule Discovery, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., Ridgefield, CT 06877, USA; (Z.C.); (F.H.); (D.Y.); (G.Y.); (M.S.M.)
| | - Markus Eickmann
- Institute of Virology, Philipps University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 2, 35043 Marburg, Germany; (S.H.); (A.K.); (C.R.); (V.K.); (M.G.S.); (M.K.); (L.S.); (J.S.); (A.W.); (L.K.); (N.B.); (M.E.)
| | - Sandra Ciesek
- Institute for Medical Virology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (M.W.); (S.C.)
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Frankfurt am Main, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), Branch Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Felix Schiele
- Biotherapeutics Discovery, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Strasse 65, 88397 Biberach an der Riss, Germany; (F.L.); (F.S.)
| | - Florian Klein
- Institute of Virology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany; (K.V.); (H.G.); (M.Z.); (C.K.); (F.K.)
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany;
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Stephan Becker
- Institute of Virology, Philipps University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 2, 35043 Marburg, Germany; (S.H.); (A.K.); (C.R.); (V.K.); (M.G.S.); (M.K.); (L.S.); (J.S.); (A.W.); (L.K.); (N.B.); (M.E.)
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Giessen-Marburg-Langen, 35043 Marburg, Germany
- Correspondence:
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13
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Maaz A, Blagbrough IS, De Bank PA. In Vitro Evaluation of Nasal Aerosol Depositions: An Insight for Direct Nose to Brain Drug Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1079. [PMID: 34371770 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13071079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The nasal cavity is an attractive route for both local and systemic drug delivery and holds great potential for access to the brain via the olfactory region, an area where the blood–brain barrier (BBB) is effectively absent. However, the olfactory region is located at the roof of the nasal cavity and only represents ~5–7% of the epithelial surface area, presenting significant challenges for the deposition of drug molecules for nose to brain drug delivery (NTBDD). Aerosolized particles have the potential to be directed to the olfactory region, but their specific deposition within this area is confounded by a complex combination of factors, which include the properties of the formulation, the delivery device and how it is used, and differences in inter-patient physiology. In this review, an in-depth examination of these different factors is provided in relation to both in vitro and in vivo studies and how advances in the fabrication of nasal cast models and analysis of aerosol deposition can be utilized to predict in vivo outcomes more accurately. The challenges faced in assessing the nasal deposition of aerosolized particles within the paediatric population are specifically considered, representing an unmet need for nasal and NTBDD to treat CNS disorders.
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14
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Fieux M, Le Quellec S, Bartier S, Coste A, Louis B, Giroudon C, Nourredine M, Bequignon E. FcRn as a Transporter for Nasal Delivery of Biologics: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126475. [PMID: 34204226 PMCID: PMC8234196 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
FcRn plays a major role in regulating immune homeostasis, but it is also able to transport biologics across cellular barriers. The question of whether FcRn could be an efficient transporter of biologics across the nasal epithelial barrier is of particular interest, as it would allow a less invasive strategy for the administration of biologics in comparison to subcutaneous, intramuscular or intravenous administrations, which are often used in clinical practice. A focused systematic review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. It was registered on the international prospective register of systematic reviews PROSPERO, which helped in identifying articles that met the inclusion criteria. Clinical and preclinical studies involving FcRn and the nasal delivery of biologics were screened, and the risk of bias was assessed across studies using the Oral Health Assessment Tool (OHAT). Among the 12 studies finally included in this systematic review (out of the 758 studies screened), 11 demonstrated efficient transcytosis of biologics through the nasal epithelium. Only three studies evaluated the potential toxicity of biologics’ intranasal delivery, and they all showed that it was safe. This systematic review confirmed that FcRn is expressed in the nasal airway and the olfactory epithelium, and that FcRn may play a role in IgG and/or IgG-derived molecule-transcytosis across the airway epithelium. However, additional research is needed to better characterize the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of biologics after their intranasal delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Fieux
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Service d’ORL, D’otoneurochirurgie et de Chirurgie Cervico-Faciale, Pierre Bénite, CEDEX, F-69495 Lyon, France
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, F-69003 Lyon, France; (S.L.Q.); (M.N.)
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, F-94010 Créteil, France; (S.B.); (A.C.); (B.L.); (E.B.)
- CNRS ERL 7000, F-94010 Créteil, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-4-7266-6415
| | - Sandra Le Quellec
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, F-69003 Lyon, France; (S.L.Q.); (M.N.)
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Cardiologique Louis Pradel, Unité D’hémostase Clinique, CEDEX, F-69500 Bron, France
- EA 4609 Hémostase et Cancer, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, F-69372 Lyon, France
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre de Biologie et de Pathologie Est, Service D’hématologie Biologique, CEDEX, F-69500 Bron, France
| | - Sophie Bartier
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, F-94010 Créteil, France; (S.B.); (A.C.); (B.L.); (E.B.)
- CNRS ERL 7000, F-94010 Créteil, France
- Service d’ORL, de Chirurgie Cervico Faciale, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, F-94000 Créteil, France
| | - André Coste
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, F-94010 Créteil, France; (S.B.); (A.C.); (B.L.); (E.B.)
- CNRS ERL 7000, F-94010 Créteil, France
- Service d’ORL, de Chirurgie Cervico Faciale, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Créteil, F-94010 Créteil, France
| | - Bruno Louis
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, F-94010 Créteil, France; (S.B.); (A.C.); (B.L.); (E.B.)
- CNRS ERL 7000, F-94010 Créteil, France
| | - Caroline Giroudon
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service de la Documentation Centrale, CEDEX, F-69424 Lyon, France;
| | - Mikail Nourredine
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, F-69003 Lyon, France; (S.L.Q.); (M.N.)
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service de Biostatistique et Bioinformatique, F-69003 Lyon, France
- CNRS, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive UMR 5558, F-69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Emilie Bequignon
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, F-94010 Créteil, France; (S.B.); (A.C.); (B.L.); (E.B.)
- CNRS ERL 7000, F-94010 Créteil, France
- Service d’ORL, de Chirurgie Cervico Faciale, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Créteil, F-94010 Créteil, France
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15
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Ladel S, Maigler F, Flamm J, Schlossbauer P, Handl A, Hermann R, Herzog H, Hummel T, Mizaikoff B, Schindowski K. Impact of Glycosylation and Species Origin on the Uptake and Permeation of IgGs through the Nasal Airway Mucosa. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E1014. [PMID: 33114132 PMCID: PMC7690786 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12111014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Although we have recently reported the involvement of neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) in intranasal transport, the transport mechanisms are far from being elucidated. Ex vivo porcine olfactory tissue, primary cells from porcine olfactory epithelium (OEPC) and the human cell line RPMI 2650 were used to evaluate the permeation of porcine and human IgG antibodies through the nasal mucosa. IgGs were used in their wild type and deglycosylated form to investigate the impact of glycosylation. Further, the expression of FcRn and Fc-gamma receptor (FCGR) and their interaction with IgG were analyzed. Comparable permeation rates for human and porcine IgG were observed in OEPC, which display the highest expression of FcRn. Only traces of porcine IgGs could be recovered at the basolateral compartment in ex vivo olfactory tissue, while human IgGs reached far higher levels. Deglycosylated human IgG showed significantly higher permeation in comparison to the wild type in RPMI 2650 and OEPC, but insignificantly elevated in the ex vivo model. An immunoprecipitation with porcine primary cells and tissue identified FCGR2 as a potential interaction partner in the nasal mucosa. Glycosylation sensitive receptors appear to be involved in the uptake, transport, but also degradation of therapeutic IgGs in the airway epithelial layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Ladel
- Institute of Applied Biotechnology, University of Applied Science Biberach, Hubertus-Liebrecht Straße 35, 88400 Biberach, Germany; (S.L.); (F.M.); (J.F.); (P.S.); (A.H.); (R.H.); (H.H.)
- Faculty of Natural Science, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Frank Maigler
- Institute of Applied Biotechnology, University of Applied Science Biberach, Hubertus-Liebrecht Straße 35, 88400 Biberach, Germany; (S.L.); (F.M.); (J.F.); (P.S.); (A.H.); (R.H.); (H.H.)
- Faculty of Natural Science, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Johannes Flamm
- Institute of Applied Biotechnology, University of Applied Science Biberach, Hubertus-Liebrecht Straße 35, 88400 Biberach, Germany; (S.L.); (F.M.); (J.F.); (P.S.); (A.H.); (R.H.); (H.H.)
- Faculty of Natural Science, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Patrick Schlossbauer
- Institute of Applied Biotechnology, University of Applied Science Biberach, Hubertus-Liebrecht Straße 35, 88400 Biberach, Germany; (S.L.); (F.M.); (J.F.); (P.S.); (A.H.); (R.H.); (H.H.)
| | - Alina Handl
- Institute of Applied Biotechnology, University of Applied Science Biberach, Hubertus-Liebrecht Straße 35, 88400 Biberach, Germany; (S.L.); (F.M.); (J.F.); (P.S.); (A.H.); (R.H.); (H.H.)
- Faculty of Natural Science, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Rebecca Hermann
- Institute of Applied Biotechnology, University of Applied Science Biberach, Hubertus-Liebrecht Straße 35, 88400 Biberach, Germany; (S.L.); (F.M.); (J.F.); (P.S.); (A.H.); (R.H.); (H.H.)
| | - Helena Herzog
- Institute of Applied Biotechnology, University of Applied Science Biberach, Hubertus-Liebrecht Straße 35, 88400 Biberach, Germany; (S.L.); (F.M.); (J.F.); (P.S.); (A.H.); (R.H.); (H.H.)
- Faculty of Natural Science, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Thomas Hummel
- Smell & Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, TU Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany;
| | - Boris Mizaikoff
- Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany;
| | - Katharina Schindowski
- Institute of Applied Biotechnology, University of Applied Science Biberach, Hubertus-Liebrecht Straße 35, 88400 Biberach, Germany; (S.L.); (F.M.); (J.F.); (P.S.); (A.H.); (R.H.); (H.H.)
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16
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Abstract
The pig is an omnivorous, monogastric species with many advantages to serve as an animal model for human diseases. There are very high similarities to humans in anatomy and functions of the immune system, e g., the presence of tonsils, which are absent in rodents. The porcine immune system resembles man for more than 80% of analyzed parameters in contrast to the mouse with only about 10%. The pig can easily be bred, and there are less emotional problems to use them as experimental animals than dogs or monkeys. Indwelling cannulas in a vein or lymphatic vessel enable repetitive stress-free sampling. Meanwhile, there are many markers available to characterize immune cells. Lymphoid organs, their function, and their role in lymphocyte kinetics (proliferation and migration) are reviewed. For long-term experiments, minipigs (e.g., Göttingen minipig) are available. Pigs can be kept under gnotobiotic (germfree) conditions for some time after birth to study the effects of microbiota. The effects of probiotics can be tested on the gut immune system. The lung has been used for extracorporeal preservation and immune engineering. After genetic modifications are established, the pig is the best animal model for future xenotransplantation to reduce the problem of organ shortage for organ transplantation. Autotransplantation of particles of lymphnodes regenerates in the subcutaneous tissue. This is a model to treat secondary lymphedema patients. There are pigs with cystic fibrosis and severe combined immune deficiency available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinhard Pabst
- Institute of Immunomorphology, Centre of Anatomy, Medical School Hannover, Hanover, Germany.
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17
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Abstract
Nose-to-brain delivery represents a big challenge. In fact there is a large number of neurological diseases that require therapies in which the drug must reach the brain, avoiding the difficulties due to the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the problems connected with systemic administration, such as drug bioavailability and side-effects. For these reasons the development of nasal formulations able to deliver the drug directly into the brain is of increasing importance. This Editorial regards the contributions present in the Special Issue "Nose-to-Brain Delivery".
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18
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Ladel S, Schlossbauer P, Flamm J, Luksch H, Mizaikoff B, Schindowski K. Improved In Vitro Model for Intranasal Mucosal Drug Delivery: Primary Olfactory and Respiratory Epithelial Cells Compared with the Permanent Nasal Cell Line RPMI 2650. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:pharmaceutics11080367. [PMID: 31374872 PMCID: PMC6723747 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11080367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The epithelial layer of the nasal mucosa is the first barrier for drug permeation during intranasal drug delivery. With increasing interest for intranasal pathways, adequate in vitro models are required. Here, porcine olfactory (OEPC) and respiratory (REPC) primary cells were characterised against the nasal tumour cell line RPMI 2650. Methods: Culture conditions for primary cells from porcine nasal mucosa were optimized and the cells characterised via light microscope, RT-PCR and immunofluorescence. Epithelial barrier function was analysed via transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER), and FITC-dextran was used as model substance for transepithelial permeation. Beating cilia necessary for mucociliary clearance were studied by immunoreactivity against acetylated tubulin. Results: OEPC and REPC barrier models differ in TEER, transepithelial permeation and MUC5AC levels. In contrast, RPMI 2650 displayed lower levels of MUC5AC, cilia markers and TEER, and higher FITC-dextran flux rates. Conclusion: To screen pharmaceutical formulations for intranasal delivery in vitro, translational mucosal models are needed. Here, a novel and comprehensive characterisation of OEPC and REPC against RPMI 2650 is presented. The established primary models display an appropriate model for nasal mucosa with secreted MUC5AC, beating cilia and a functional epithelial barrier, which is suitable for long-term evaluation of sustained release dosage forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Ladel
- Institute of Applied Biotechnology, University of Applied Science Biberach, Hubertus-Liebrecht Straße 35, 88400 Biberach, Germany
- Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Patrick Schlossbauer
- Institute of Applied Biotechnology, University of Applied Science Biberach, Hubertus-Liebrecht Straße 35, 88400 Biberach, Germany
| | - Johannes Flamm
- Institute of Applied Biotechnology, University of Applied Science Biberach, Hubertus-Liebrecht Straße 35, 88400 Biberach, Germany
| | - Harald Luksch
- School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Liesel-Beckmann-Straße 4, 85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Boris Mizaikoff
- Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Katharina Schindowski
- Institute of Applied Biotechnology, University of Applied Science Biberach, Hubertus-Liebrecht Straße 35, 88400 Biberach, Germany.
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19
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Abstract
Protecting against persistent viruses is an unsolved challenge. The clearest example for a gamma-herpesvirus is resistance to super-infection by Murid herpesvirus-4 (MuHV-4). Most experimental infections have delivered MuHV-4 into the lungs. A more likely natural entry site is the olfactory epithelium. Its protection remains unexplored. Here, prior exposure to olfactory MuHV-4 gave good protection against super-infection. The protection was upstream of B cell infection, which occurs in lymph nodes, and showed redundancy between antibody and T cells. Adding antibody to virions that blocked heparan binding strongly reduced olfactory host entry - unlike in the lungs, opsonized virions did not reach IgG Fc receptor+ myeloid cells. However, the nasal antibody response to primary infection was too low to reduce host entry. Instead, the antibody acted downstream, reducing viral replication in the olfactory epithelium. This depended on IgG Fc receptor engagement rather than virion neutralization. Thus antibody can protect against natural γ-herpesvirus infection before it reaches B cells and independently of neutralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L Glauser
- 1Division of Virology, University of Cambridge, UK
- ‡Present address: Suisselab AG, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ricardo Milho
- 1Division of Virology, University of Cambridge, UK
- §Present address: Costello Medical, Cambridge, UK
| | - Clara Lawler
- 2School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Australia
| | - Philip G Stevenson
- 3Royal Children's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
- 1Division of Virology, University of Cambridge, UK
- 2School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Australia
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