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Hamidon TS, Garba ZN, Zango ZU, Hussin MH. Biopolymer-based beads for the adsorptive removal of organic pollutants from wastewater: Current state and future perspectives. Int J Biol Macromol 2024:131759. [PMID: 38679272 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Among biopolymer-based adsorbents, composites in the form of beads have shown promising results in terms of high adsorption capacity and ease of separation from the effluents. This review addresses the potential of biopolymer-based beads to remediate wastewaters polluted with emerging organic contaminants, for instance dyes, active pharmaceutical ingredients, pesticides, phenols, oils, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, and polychlorinated biphenyls. High adsorption capacities up to 2541.76 mg g-1 for dyes, 392 mg g-1 for pesticides and phenols, 1890.3 mg g-1 for pharmaceuticals, and 537 g g-1 for oils and organic solvents have been reported. The review also attempted to convey to its readers the significance of wastewater treatment through adsorption by providing an overview on decontamination technologies of organic water contaminants. Various preparation methods of biopolymer-based gel beads and adsorption mechanisms involved in the process of decontamination have been summarized and analyzed. Therefore, we believe there is an urge to discuss the current state of the application of biopolymer-based gel beads for the adsorption of organic pollutants from wastewater and future perspectives in this regard since it is imperative to treat wastewater before releasing into freshwater bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuan Sherwyn Hamidon
- Materials Technology Research Group (MaTReC), School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia.
| | | | - Zakariyya Uba Zango
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Al-Qalam University Katsina, Katsina 820101, Nigeria
| | - M Hazwan Hussin
- Materials Technology Research Group (MaTReC), School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia.
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2
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Polez RT, Ajiboye MA, Österberg M, Horn MM. Chitosan hydrogels enriched with bioactive phloroglucinol for controlled drug diffusion and potential wound healing. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 265:130808. [PMID: 38490386 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
We report a facile strategy to prepare chitosan (CS) hydrogels that eliminates the need for chemical crosslinking for advanced biomedical therapies. This approach gives controlled properties to the hydrogels by incorporating a natural bioactive phenolic compound, phloroglucinol (PG), into their microstructure. The adsorption of PG onto CS chains enhanced the hydrogels' antioxidant activity by up to 25 % and resulted in a denser, more entangled structure, reducing the pore size by 59 μm while maintaining porosity above 94 %. This allowed us to finely adjust pore size and swelling capacity. These structural properties make these hydrogels well-suited for wound healing dressings, promoting fibroblast proliferation and exhibiting excellent hemocompatibility. Furthermore, to ensure the versatility of these hydrogels, herein, we demonstrate their potential as drug delivery systems, particularly for dermal infections. The drug release can be controlled by a combination of drug diffusion through the swollen hydrogel and relaxation of the CS chains. In summary, our hydrogels leverage the synergistic effects of CS's antibacterial and antifungal properties with PG's antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory attributes, positioning them as promising candidates for biomedical and pharmaceutical applications, more specifically in advanced wound healing therapies with local drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Teixeira Polez
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, FIN-00076 Aalto, Espoo, Finland
| | - Margaret A Ajiboye
- Physical Chemistry of Nanomaterials, Institute of Chemistry, University of Kassel, 34109 Kassel, Germany
| | - Monika Österberg
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, FIN-00076 Aalto, Espoo, Finland
| | - Marilia M Horn
- Physical Chemistry of Nanomaterials, Institute of Chemistry, University of Kassel, 34109 Kassel, Germany.
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3
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Pantić M, Maver U, Rožanc J, Vihar B, Andrejč DC, Knez Ž, Novak Z. Evaluation of ethanol-induced chitosan aerogels with human osteoblast cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:126694. [PMID: 37673150 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
The following article provides an insight into the production of chitosan aerogels as potential materials for tissue engineering. Chitosan aerogels were prepared following two different protocols: formation in ethanol and formation in sodium hydroxide in an ethanol solution. The main objective was to apply a new route to obtain chitosan aerogels with no external cross-linkers and compare the mentioned preparation approaches. Forming chitosan aerogels in ethanol implies a simple, environmentally friendly, and efficient method. The prepared materials showed specific surface areas of up to 450 m2/g, highly porous networks and great mechanical properties. In vitro degradation studies revealed high stability for up to 10 weeks. The differences between the samples were significant. While the chitosan aerogels prepared in ethanol showed superior textural, morphological and mechanical properties, the chitosan aerogels prepared in the sodium hydroxide solution proved that a considerable influence on end properties could be made simply by adjusting the ageing medium. In vitro cell analysis with primary human osteoblasts showed good biocompatibility and pointed towards the potential use of these aerogels for orthopedic applications. This testing showed further that adjustments in structural properties by sodium hydroxide also come with a cost regarding their suitability to host bone cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milica Pantić
- University of Maribor, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Smetanova ulica 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Uroš Maver
- University of Maribor, Faculty of Medicine, Taborska ulica 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Jan Rožanc
- University of Maribor, Faculty of Medicine, Taborska ulica 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Boštjan Vihar
- University of Maribor, Faculty of Medicine, Taborska ulica 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Darija Cör Andrejč
- University of Maribor, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Smetanova ulica 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Željko Knez
- University of Maribor, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Smetanova ulica 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; University of Maribor, Faculty of Medicine, Taborska ulica 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Zoran Novak
- University of Maribor, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Smetanova ulica 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia.
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4
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Saleh WM, Ahmad MI, Yahya EB, H P S AK. Nanostructured Bioaerogels as a Potential Solution for Particulate Matter Pollution. Gels 2023; 9:575. [PMID: 37504454 PMCID: PMC10379271 DOI: 10.3390/gels9070575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Particulate matter (PM) pollution is a significant environmental and public health issue globally. Exposure to high levels of PM, especially fine particles, can have severe health consequences. These particles can come from a variety of sources, including natural events like dust storms and wildfires, as well as human activities such as industrial processes and transportation. Although an extensive development in air filtration techniques has been made in the past few years, fine particulate matter still poses a serios and dangerous threat to human health and to our environment. Conventional air filters are fabricated from non-biodegradable and non-ecofriendly materials which can cause further environmental pollution as a result of their excessive use. Nanostructured biopolymer aerogels have shown great promise in the field of particulate matter removal. Their unique properties, renewable nature, and potential for customization make them attractive materials for air pollution control. In the present review, we discuss the meaning, properties, and advantages of nanostructured aerogels and their potential in particulate matter removal. Particulate matter pollution, types and sources of particulate matter, health effect, environmental effect, and the challenges facing scientists in particulate matter removal are also discussed in the present review. Finally, we present the most recent advances in using nanostructured bioaerogels in the removal of different types of particulate matter and discuss the challenges that we face in these applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wafa Mustafa Saleh
- Environmental Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia
| | - Mardiana Idayu Ahmad
- Environmental Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia
- Renewable Biomass Transformation Cluster, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia
| | - Esam Bashir Yahya
- Bioprocess Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia
- Green Biopolymer, Coatings and Packaging Cluster, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia
| | - Abdul Khalil H P S
- Green Biopolymer, Coatings and Packaging Cluster, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia
- Bioresource Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia
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5
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Dayarian S, Majedi Far H, Yang L. Macroporous Polyimide Aerogels: A Comparison between Powder Microparticles Synthesized via Wet Gel Grinding and Emulsion Processes. Langmuir 2023; 39:1804-1814. [PMID: 36706272 PMCID: PMC9910053 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c02696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
It is noteworthy to mention that synthesizing the polyimide aerogel powder, which is carried out in this study, benefits from two advantages: (i) the powder particles can be used for some specific applications where the monolith is not suitable and (ii) there is a possibility to investigate how a polyimide aerogel monolith can be made through the polyimide powder to reduce its cost and cycle time. In this study, two straightforward methods, wet gel grinding and emulsion, are introduced to prepare polyimide aerogel powders using ambient pressure drying. The microscopic properties of interest, including skeletal and porous structures, microparticle size and assembly, combined with macroscopic properties such as thermal stabilities and conductivities (0.039 W/m·K), confirm that the fabricated microparticles with a size in the range of 7-20 μm and porosity in the range of 65-85% are thermally stable up to 500 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shima Dayarian
- Department
of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Strathclyde, 75 Montrose Street, GlasgowG1 1XJ, United
Kingdom
| | - Hojat Majedi Far
- Blueshift
Materials Inc., Spencer, Massachusetts01562, United States
| | - Liu Yang
- Department
of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Strathclyde, 75 Montrose Street, GlasgowG1 1XJ, United
Kingdom
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6
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Menshutina N, Majouga A, Uvarova A, Lovskaya D, Tsygankov P, Mochalova M, Abramova O, Ushakova V, Morozova A, Silantyev A. Chitosan Aerogel Particles as Nasal Drug Delivery Systems. Gels 2022; 8:gels8120796. [PMID: 36547320 PMCID: PMC9778004 DOI: 10.3390/gels8120796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The nasal drug delivery route has distinct advantages, such as high bioavailability, a rapid therapeutic effect, non-invasiveness, and ease of administration. This article presents the results of a study of the processes for obtaining chitosan aerogel particles that are promising as nasal or inhalation drug delivery systems. Obtaining chitosan aerogel particles includes the following steps: the preparation of a chitosan solution, gelation, solvent replacement, and supercritical drying. Particles of chitosan gels were obtained by spraying and homogenization. The produced chitosan aerogel particles had specific surface areas of up to 254 m2/g, pore volumes of up to 1.53 cm3/g, and porosities of up to 99%. The aerodynamic diameters of the obtained chitosan aerogel particles were calculated, the values of which ranged from 13 to 59 µm. According to the calculation results, a CS1 sample was used as a matrix for obtaining the pharmaceutical composition "chitosan aerogel-clomipramine". X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of the pharmaceutical composition determined the presence of clomipramine, predominantly in an amorphous form. Analysis of the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) data showed that the mass loading of clomipramine was 35%. Experiments in vivo demonstrated the effectiveness of the pharmaceutical composition "chitosan aerogel-clomipramine" as carrier matrices for the targeted delivery of clomipramine by the "Nose-to-brain" mechanism of nasal administration. The maximum concentration of clomipramine in the frontal cortex and hippocampus was reached 30 min after administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Menshutina
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology, Moscow 125047, Russia
| | - Alexander Majouga
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology, Moscow 125047, Russia
| | - Anastasia Uvarova
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology, Moscow 125047, Russia
| | - Daria Lovskaya
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology, Moscow 125047, Russia
| | - Pavel Tsygankov
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology, Moscow 125047, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-(967)-2689739
| | - Maria Mochalova
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology, Moscow 125047, Russia
| | - Olga Abramova
- Department of Basic and Applied Neurobiology, V. Serbsky Federal Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology, Kropotkinsky per. 23, Moscow 119034, Russia
| | - Valeria Ushakova
- Department of Basic and Applied Neurobiology, V. Serbsky Federal Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology, Kropotkinsky per. 23, Moscow 119034, Russia
| | - Anna Morozova
- Department of Basic and Applied Neurobiology, V. Serbsky Federal Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology, Kropotkinsky per. 23, Moscow 119034, Russia
| | - Artemiy Silantyev
- Department of Basic and Applied Neurobiology, V. Serbsky Federal Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology, Kropotkinsky per. 23, Moscow 119034, Russia
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7
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Sulistiawati, Saka Dwipayanti K, Azhar M, Rahman L, Pakki E, Himawan A, Permana AD. Enhanced skin localization of metronidazole using solid lipid microparticles incorporated into polymeric hydrogels for potential improved of rosacea treatment: An ex vivo proof of concept investigation. Int J Pharm 2022; 628:122327. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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8
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Remuiñán-Pose P, López-Iglesias C, Iglesias-Mejuto A, Mano JF, García-González CA, Rial-Hermida MI. Preparation of Vancomycin-Loaded Aerogels Implementing Inkjet Printing and Superhydrophobic Surfaces. Gels 2022; 8:gels8070417. [PMID: 35877502 PMCID: PMC9319758 DOI: 10.3390/gels8070417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic wounds are physical traumas that significantly impair the quality of life of over 40 million patients worldwide. Aerogels are nanostructured dry porous materials that can act as carriers for the local delivery of bioactive compounds at the wound site. However, aerogels are usually obtained with low drug loading yields and poor particle size reproducibility and urges the implementation of novel and high-performance processing strategies. In this work, alginate aerogel particles loaded with vancomycin, an antibiotic used for the treatment of Staphylococcus aureus infections, were obtained through aerogel technology combined with gel inkjet printing and water-repellent surfaces. Alginate aerogel particles showed high porosity, large surface area, a well-defined spherical shape and a reproducible size (609 ± 37 μm). Aerogel formulation with vancomycin loadings of up to 33.01 ± 0.47 μg drug/mg of particle were obtained with sustained-release profiles from alginate aerogels for more than 7 days (PBS pH 7.4 medium). Overall, this novel green aerogel processing strategy allowed us to obtain nanostructured drug delivery systems with improved drug loading yields that can enhance the current antibacterial treatments for chronic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Remuiñán-Pose
- I + D Farma Group (GI-1645), Departamento de Farmacoloxía, Farmacia e Tecnoloxía Farmacéutica, Faculty of Pharmacy, iMATUS and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (P.R.-P.); (C.L.-I.); (A.I.-M.)
| | - Clara López-Iglesias
- I + D Farma Group (GI-1645), Departamento de Farmacoloxía, Farmacia e Tecnoloxía Farmacéutica, Faculty of Pharmacy, iMATUS and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (P.R.-P.); (C.L.-I.); (A.I.-M.)
| | - Ana Iglesias-Mejuto
- I + D Farma Group (GI-1645), Departamento de Farmacoloxía, Farmacia e Tecnoloxía Farmacéutica, Faculty of Pharmacy, iMATUS and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (P.R.-P.); (C.L.-I.); (A.I.-M.)
| | - Joao F. Mano
- CICECO Aveiro Institute of Materials, Chemistry Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
| | - Carlos A. García-González
- I + D Farma Group (GI-1645), Departamento de Farmacoloxía, Farmacia e Tecnoloxía Farmacéutica, Faculty of Pharmacy, iMATUS and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (P.R.-P.); (C.L.-I.); (A.I.-M.)
- Correspondence: (C.A.G.-G.); (M.I.R.-H.); Tel.: +34-881815252 (M.I.R.-H.)
| | - M. Isabel Rial-Hermida
- I + D Farma Group (GI-1645), Departamento de Farmacoloxía, Farmacia e Tecnoloxía Farmacéutica, Faculty of Pharmacy, iMATUS and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (P.R.-P.); (C.L.-I.); (A.I.-M.)
- Correspondence: (C.A.G.-G.); (M.I.R.-H.); Tel.: +34-881815252 (M.I.R.-H.)
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9
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Chartier C, Buwalda S, Van Den Berghe H, Nottelet B, Budtova T. Tuning the properties of porous chitosan: Aerogels and cryogels. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 202:215-223. [PMID: 35033531 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Highly porous chitosan-based materials were prepared via dissolution, non-solvent induced phase separation and drying using different methods. The goal was to tune the morphology and properties of chitosan porous materials by varying process parameters. Chitosan concentration, concentration of sodium hydroxide in the coagulation bath and aging time were varied. Drying was performed via freeze-drying leading to "cryogels" or via drying with supercritical CO2 leading to "aerogels". Cryogels were of lower density than aerogels (0.03-0.12 g/cm3vs 0.07-0.26 g/cm3, respectively) and had a lower specific surface area (50-70 vs 200-270 m2/g, respectively). The absorption of simulated wound exudate by chitosan aerogels and cryogels was studied in view of their potential applications as wound dressing. Higher absorption was obtained for cryogels (530-1500%) as compared to aerogels (200-610%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Coraline Chartier
- MINES ParisTech, PSL Research University, Center for Materials Forming (CEMEF), UMR CNRS 7635, CS 10207, 06904 Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Sytze Buwalda
- MINES ParisTech, PSL Research University, Center for Materials Forming (CEMEF), UMR CNRS 7635, CS 10207, 06904 Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Hélène Van Den Berghe
- Department of Polymers for Health and Biomaterials, IBMM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - Benjamin Nottelet
- Department of Polymers for Health and Biomaterials, IBMM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - Tatiana Budtova
- MINES ParisTech, PSL Research University, Center for Materials Forming (CEMEF), UMR CNRS 7635, CS 10207, 06904 Sophia Antipolis, France.
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10
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Behr M, Ganesan K. Improving Polysaccharide-Based Chitin/Chitosan-Aerogel Materials by Learning from Genetics and Molecular Biology. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:1041. [PMID: 35160985 DOI: 10.3390/ma15031041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Improved wound healing of burnt skin and skin lesions, as well as medical implants and replacement products, requires the support of synthetical matrices. Yet, producing synthetic biocompatible matrices that exhibit specialized flexibility, stability, and biodegradability is challenging. Synthetic chitin/chitosan matrices may provide the desired advantages for producing specialized grafts but must be modified to improve their properties. Synthetic chitin/chitosan hydrogel and aerogel techniques provide the advantages for improvement with a bioinspired view adapted from the natural molecular toolbox. To this end, animal genetics provide deep knowledge into which molecular key factors decisively influence the properties of natural chitin matrices. The genetically identified proteins and enzymes control chitin matrix assembly, architecture, and degradation. Combining synthetic chitin matrices with critical biological factors may point to the future direction with engineering materials of specific properties for biomedical applications such as burned skin or skin blistering and extensive lesions due to genetic diseases.
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11
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Santos-Rosales V, Magariños B, Alvarez-Lorenzo C, García-González CA. Combined sterilization and fabrication of drug-loaded scaffolds using supercritical CO 2 technology. Int J Pharm 2022; 612:121362. [PMID: 34896562 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The access of biodegradable scaffolds to the clinical arena is constrained by the absence of a suitable sterilization technique for the processing of advanced polymeric materials. Sterilization with supercritical CO2 (scCO2) may circumvent some technological limitations (e.g., low temperature, no chemical residues on the material), although scCO2 can plasticize the polymer depending on the processing conditions used. In this latter case, the integration of the manufacturing and sterilization processes is of particular interest to obtain sterile and customized scaffolds in a single step. In this work, scCO2 was exploited as a concomitantly foaming and sterilizing agent for the first time, developing a one-step process for the production of vancomycin-loaded poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) bone scaffolds. The effect of the CO2 contact time on the sterility levels of the procedure was investigated, and the sterilization efficiency was evaluated against dry spores (Bacillus stearothermophilus, Bacillus pumilus and Bacillus atrophaeus). Vancomycin-loaded PCL scaffolds had relevant sustained release profiles for the prophylaxis of infections at the grafted area, even those caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The biological performance of the scaffolds was evaluated in vitro regarding human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) attachment and growth. Finally, the biocompatibility and angiogenic response of the manufactured sterile scaffolds was assessed in ovo through chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assays.
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12
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Depta PN, Gurikov P, Schroeter B, Forgács A, Kalmár J, Paul G, Marchese L, Heinrich S, Dosta M. DEM-Based Approach for the Modeling of Gelation and Its Application to Alginate. J Chem Inf Model 2021; 62:49-70. [PMID: 34936761 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.1c01076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The gelation of biopolymers is of great interest in the material science community and has gained increasing relevance in the past few decades, especially in the context of aerogels─lightweight open nanoporous materials. Understanding the underlying gel structure and influence of process parameters is of great importance to predict material properties such as mechanical strength. In order to improve understanding of the gelation mechanism in aqueous solution, this work presents a novel approach based on the discrete element method for the mesoscale for modeling gelation of hydrogels, similarly to an extremely coarse-grained molecular dynamics (MD) approach. For this, polymer chains are abstracted as dimer units connected by flexible bonds and interactions between units and with the environment, that is, diffusion in implicit water, are described. The model is based on Langevin dynamics and includes an implicit probabilistic ion model to capture the effects of ion availability during ion-mediated gelation. The model components are fully derived and parameterized using literature data and theoretical considerations based on a simplified representation of atomistic processes. The presented model enables investigations of the higher-scale network formation during gelation on the micrometer and millisecond scale, which are beyond classical modeling approaches such as MD. As a model system, calcium-mediated alginate gelation is investigated including the influence of ion concentration, polymer composition, polymer concentration, and molecular weight. The model is verified against numerous literature data as well as own experimental results for the corresponding Ca-alginate hydrogels using nitrogen porosimetry, NMR cryoporometry, and small-angle neutron scattering. The model reproduces both bundle size and pore size distribution in a reasonable agreement with the experiments. Overall, the modeling approach paves the way to physically motivated design of alginate gels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Nicolas Depta
- Institute of Solids Process Engineering and Particle Technology, Hamburg University of Technology, 21073 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Pavel Gurikov
- Laboratory for Development and Modeling of Novel Nanoporous Materials, Hamburg University of Technology, 21 073 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Baldur Schroeter
- Institute for Thermal Separation Processes, Hamburg University of Technology, 21 073 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Attila Forgács
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, MTA-DE Redox and Homogeneous Catalytic Reaction Mechanisms Research Group, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - József Kalmár
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, MTA-DE Redox and Homogeneous Catalytic Reaction Mechanisms Research Group, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Geo Paul
- Department of Science and Technological Innovation, Universitá del Piemonte Orientale, 15 121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Leonardo Marchese
- Department of Science and Technological Innovation, Universitá del Piemonte Orientale, 15 121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Stefan Heinrich
- Institute of Solids Process Engineering and Particle Technology, Hamburg University of Technology, 21073 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maksym Dosta
- Institute of Solids Process Engineering and Particle Technology, Hamburg University of Technology, 21073 Hamburg, Germany
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13
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Hemmingsen LM, Škalko-Basnet N, Jøraholmen MW. The Expanded Role of Chitosan in Localized Antimicrobial Therapy. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:697. [PMID: 34940696 PMCID: PMC8704789 DOI: 10.3390/md19120697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitosan is one of the most studied natural origin polymers for biomedical applications. This review focuses on the potential of chitosan in localized antimicrobial therapy to address the challenges of current rising antimicrobial resistance. Due to its mucoadhesiveness, chitosan offers the opportunity to prolong the formulation residence time at mucosal sites; its wound healing properties open possibilities to utilize chitosan as wound dressings with multitargeted activities and more. We provide an unbiased overview of the state-of-the-art chitosan-based delivery systems categorized by the administration site, addressing the site-related challenges and evaluating the representative formulations. Specifically, we offer an in-depth analysis of the current challenges of the chitosan-based novel delivery systems for skin and vaginal infections, including its formulations optimizations and limitations. A brief overview of chitosan's potential in treating ocular, buccal and dental, and nasal infections is included. We close the review with remarks on toxicity issues and remaining challenges and perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Myrseth Hemmingsen
- Drug Transport and Delivery Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Universitetsvegen 57, 9037 Tromsø, Norway;
| | | | - May Wenche Jøraholmen
- Drug Transport and Delivery Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Universitetsvegen 57, 9037 Tromsø, Norway;
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14
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Guzel Kaya G, Aznar E, Deveci H, Martínez-Máñez R. Aerogels as promising materials for antibacterial applications: a mini-review. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:7034-7048. [PMID: 34636816 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm01147b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The increasing cases of bacterial infections originating from resistant bacteria are a serious problem globally and many approaches have been developed for different purposes to treat bacterial infections. Aerogels are a novel class of smart porous materials composed of three-dimensional networks. Recently, aerogels with the advantages of ultra-low density, high porosity, tunable particle and pore sizes, and biocompatibility have been regarded as promising carriers for the design of delivery systems. Recently, aerogels have also been provided with antibacterial activity through loading of antibacterial agents, incorporation of metal/metal oxides and via surface functionalization and coating with various functional groups. In this mini-review, the synthesis of aerogels from both conventional and low-cost precursors is reported and examples of aerogels displaying antibacterial properties are summarized. As a result, it is clear that the encouraging antibacterial performance of aerogels promotes their use in many antibacterial applications, especially in the food industry, pharmaceutics and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulcihan Guzel Kaya
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Konya Technical University, Konya, Turkey.,Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico, Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Elena Aznar
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico, Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain. .,CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Spain.,Unidad Mixta de Investigación en Nanomedicina y Sensores. Universitat Politècnica de València, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain.,Unidad Mixta UPC-CIPF de Investigación en Mecanismos de Enfermedades y Nanomedicina. Universitat Politècnica de València, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Huseyin Deveci
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Konya Technical University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Ramón Martínez-Máñez
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico, Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain. .,CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Spain.,Unidad Mixta de Investigación en Nanomedicina y Sensores. Universitat Politècnica de València, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain.,Unidad Mixta UPC-CIPF de Investigación en Mecanismos de Enfermedades y Nanomedicina. Universitat Politècnica de València, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
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15
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Király G, Egu JC, Hargitai Z, Kovács I, Fábián I, Kalmár J, Szemán-Nagy G. Mesoporous Aerogel Microparticles Injected into the Abdominal Cavity of Mice Accumulate in Parathymic Lymph Nodes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9756. [PMID: 34575919 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesoporous aerogel microparticles are promising drug delivery systems. However, their in vivo biodistribution pathways and health effects are unknown. Suspensions of fluorescein-labeled silica-gelatin hybrid aerogel microparticles were injected into the peritoneum (abdominal cavity) of healthy mice in concentrations of 52 and 104 mg kg-1 in a 3-week-long acute toxicity experiment. No physiological dysfunctions were detected, and all mice were healthy. An autopsy revealed that the aerogel microparticles were not present at the site of injection in the abdominal cavity at the end of the experiment. The histological study of the liver, spleen, kidneys, thymus and lymphatic tissues showed no signs of toxicity. The localization of the aerogel microparticles in the organs was studied by fluorescence microscopy. Aerogel microparticles were not detected in any of the abdominal organs, but they were clearly visible in the cortical part of the parathymic lymph nodes, where they accumulated. The accumulation of aerogel microparticles in parathymic lymph nodes in combination with their absence in the reticuloendothelial system organs, such as the liver or spleen, suggests that the microparticles entered the lymphatic circulation. This biodistribution pathway could be exploited to design passive targeting drug delivery systems for flooding metastatic pathways of abdominal cancers that spread via the lymphatic circulation.
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16
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Bernardes BG, Del Gaudio P, Alves P, Costa R, García-Gonzaléz CA, Oliveira AL. Bioaerogels: Promising Nanostructured Materials in Fluid Management, Healing and Regeneration of Wounds. Molecules 2021; 26:3834. [PMID: 34201789 PMCID: PMC8270285 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26133834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Wounds affect one's quality of life and should be managed on a patient-specific approach, based on the particular healing phase and wound condition. During wound healing, exudate is produced as a natural response towards healing. However, excessive production can be detrimental, representing a challenge for wound management. The design and development of new healing devices and therapeutics with improved performance is a constant demand from the healthcare services. Aerogels can combine high porosity and low density with the adequate fluid interaction and drug loading capacity, to establish hemostasis and promote the healing and regeneration of exudative and chronic wounds. Bio-based aerogels, i.e., those produced from natural polymers, are particularly attractive since they encompass their intrinsic chemical properties and the physical features of their nanostructure. In this work, the emerging research on aerogels for wound treatment is reviewed for the first time. The current scenario and the opportunities provided by aerogels in the form of films, membranes and particles are identified to face current unmet demands in fluid managing and wound healing and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz G. Bernardes
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina–Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal;
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, I+D Farma Group (GI-1645), Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Pasquale Del Gaudio
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano, Italy;
| | - Paulo Alves
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Health, Institute of Health Sciences, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Raquel Costa
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto (i3S), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Biochemistry Unit, Department of Biomedicine, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Escola Superior de Saúde, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Carlos A. García-Gonzaléz
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, I+D Farma Group (GI-1645), Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ana Leite Oliveira
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina–Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal;
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17
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Duong T, López-Iglesias C, Szewczyk PK, Stachewicz U, Barros J, Alvarez-Lorenzo C, Alnaief M, García-González CA. A Pathway From Porous Particle Technology Toward Tailoring Aerogels for Pulmonary Drug Administration. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:671381. [PMID: 34017828 PMCID: PMC8129550 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.671381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary drug delivery has recognized benefits for both local and systemic treatments. Dry powder inhalers (DPIs) are convenient, portable and environmentally friendly devices, becoming an optimal choice for patients. The tailoring of novel formulations for DPIs, namely in the form of porous particles, is stimulating in the pharmaceutical research area to improve delivery efficiency. Suitable powder technological approaches are being sought to design such formulations. Namely, aerogel powders are nanostructured porous particles with particularly attractive properties (large surface area, excellent aerodynamic properties and high fluid uptake capacity) for these purposes. In this review, the most recent development on powder technologies used for the processing of particulate porous carriers are described via updated examples and critically discussed. A special focus will be devoted to the most recent advances and uses of aerogel technology to obtain porous particles with advanced performance in pulmonary delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thoa Duong
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, I+D Farma group (GI-1645), Faculty of Pharmacy, and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Clara López-Iglesias
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, I+D Farma group (GI-1645), Faculty of Pharmacy, and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Piotr K Szewczyk
- Faculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, Krakow, Poland
| | - Urszula Stachewicz
- Faculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, Krakow, Poland
| | - Joana Barros
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde da Universidade do Porto - Associação, INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, FEUP - Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carmen Alvarez-Lorenzo
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, I+D Farma group (GI-1645), Faculty of Pharmacy, and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Mohammad Alnaief
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, German Jordanian University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Carlos A García-González
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, I+D Farma group (GI-1645), Faculty of Pharmacy, and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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18
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Takeshita S, Zhao S, Malfait WJ, Koebel MM. Chemie der Chitosan‐Aerogele: Lenkung der dreidimensionalen Poren für maßgeschneiderte Anwendungen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202003053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Takeshita
- Building Energy Materials & Components Laboratory Eidgenössische Materialprüfungs- und Forschungsanstalt (Empa) Überlandstrasse 129 CH-8600 Dübendorf Schweiz
- Research Institute for Chemical Process Technology National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi 3058565 Tsukuba Japan
| | - Shanyu Zhao
- Building Energy Materials & Components Laboratory Eidgenössische Materialprüfungs- und Forschungsanstalt (Empa) Überlandstrasse 129 CH-8600 Dübendorf Schweiz
| | - Wim J. Malfait
- Building Energy Materials & Components Laboratory Eidgenössische Materialprüfungs- und Forschungsanstalt (Empa) Überlandstrasse 129 CH-8600 Dübendorf Schweiz
| | - Matthias M. Koebel
- Building Energy Materials & Components Laboratory Eidgenössische Materialprüfungs- und Forschungsanstalt (Empa) Überlandstrasse 129 CH-8600 Dübendorf Schweiz
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19
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Muhammad A, Lee D, Shin Y, Park J. Recent Progress in Polysaccharide Aerogels: Their Synthesis, Application, and Future Outlook. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:1347. [PMID: 33924110 PMCID: PMC8074296 DOI: 10.3390/polym13081347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Porous polysaccharides have recently attracted attention due to their porosity, abundance, and excellent properties such as sustainability and biocompatibility, thereby resulting in their numerous applications. Recent years have seen a rise in the number of studies on the utilization of polysaccharides such as cellulose, chitosan, chitin, and starch as aerogels due to their unique performance for the fabrication of porous structures. The present review explores recent progress in porous polysaccharides, particularly cellulose and chitosan, including their synthesis, application, and future outlook. Since the synthetic process is an important aspect of aerogel formation, particularly during the drying step, the process is reviewed in some detail, and a comparison is drawn between the supercritical CO2 and freeze drying processes in order to understand the aerogel formation of porous polysaccharides. Finally, the current applications of polysaccharide aerogels in drug delivery, wastewater, wound dressing, and air filtration are explored, and the limitations and outlook of the porous aerogels are discussed with respect to their future commercialization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Juhyun Park
- Department of Intelligent Energy and Industry, School of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea; (A.M.); (D.L.); (Y.S.)
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20
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Guastaferro M, Reverchon E, Baldino L. Polysaccharide-Based Aerogel Production for Biomedical Applications: A Comparative Review. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:1631. [PMID: 33810582 PMCID: PMC8037187 DOI: 10.3390/ma14071631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A comparative analysis concerning bio-based gels production, to be used for tissue regeneration, has been performed in this review. These gels are generally applied as scaffolds in the biomedical field, thanks to their morphology, low cytotoxicity, and high biocompatibility. Focusing on the time interval 2015-2020, the production of 3D scaffolds of alginate, chitosan and agarose, for skin and bone regeneration, has mainly been investigated. Traditional techniques are critically reviewed to understand their limitations and how supercritical CO2-assisted processes could overcome these drawbacks. In particular, even if freeze-drying represents the most widespread drying technique used to produce polysaccharide-based cryogels, supercritical CO2-assisted drying effectively allows preservation of the nanoporous aerogel structure and removes the organic solvent used for gel preparation. These characteristics are essential for cell adhesion and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lucia Baldino
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy; (M.G.); (E.R.)
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21
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García-González CA, Sosnik A, Kalmár J, De Marco I, Erkey C, Concheiro A, Alvarez-Lorenzo C. Aerogels in drug delivery: From design to application. J Control Release 2021; 332:40-63. [PMID: 33600880 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Aerogels are the lightest processed solid materials on Earth and with the largest empty volume fraction in their structure. Composition versatility, modularity, and feasibility of industrial scale manufacturing are behind the fast emergence of aerogels in the drug delivery field. Compared to other 3D materials, the high porosity (interconnected mesopores) and high specific surface area of aerogels may allow faster loading of small-molecule drugs, less constrained access to inner regions of the matrix, and more efficient interactions of the biological milieu with the polymer matrix. Processing in supercritical CO2 medium for both aerogel production (drying) and drug loading (impregnation) has remarkable advantages such as absence of an oxidizing environment, clean manufacture, and easiness for the scale-up under good manufacturing practices. The aerogel solid skeleton dictates the chemical affinity to the different drugs, which in turn determines the loading efficiency and the release pattern. Aerogels can be used to increase the solubility of BCS Class II and IV drugs because the drug can be deposited in amorphous state onto the large surface area of the skeleton, which facilitates a rapid contact with the body fluids, dissolution, and release. Conversely, tuning the aerogel structure by functionalization with drug-binding moieties or stimuli-responsive components, application of coatings and incorporation of drug-loaded aerogels into other matrices may enable site-specific, stimuli-responsive, or prolonged drug release. The present review deals with last decade advances in aerogels for drug delivery. An special focus is paid first on the loading efficiency of active ingredients and release kinetics under biorelevant conditions. Subsequent sections deal with aerogels intended to address specific therapeutic demands. In addition to oral delivery, the physical properties of the aerogels appear to be very advantageous for mucosal administration routes, such as pulmonary, nasal, or transdermal. A specific section devoted to recent achievements in gene therapy and theranostics is also included. In the last section, scale up strategies and life cycle assessment are comprehensively addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A García-González
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, I+D Farma (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Alejandro Sosnik
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Nanomaterials Science, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - József Kalmár
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Debrecen H-4032, Hungary
| | - Iolanda De Marco
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Can Erkey
- Chemical and Biological Engineering Department, Koç University, 34450 Sarıyer, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Angel Concheiro
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, I+D Farma (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Carmen Alvarez-Lorenzo
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, I+D Farma (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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22
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Forgács A, Papp V, Paul G, Marchese L, Len A, Dudás Z, Fábián I, Gurikov P, Kalmár J. Mechanism of Hydration and Hydration Induced Structural Changes of Calcium Alginate Aerogel. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:2997-3010. [PMID: 33401895 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c17012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The most relevant properties of polysaccharide aerogels in practical applications are determined by their microstructures. Hydration has a dominant role in altering the microstructures of these hydrophilic porous materials. To understand the hydration induced structural changes of monolithic Ca-alginate aerogel, produced by drying fully cross-linked gels with supercritical CO2, the aerogel was gradually hydrated and characterized at different states of hydration by small-angle neutron scattering (SANS), liquid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and magic angle spinning (MAS) NMR spectroscopy. First, the incorporation of structural water and the formation of an extensive hydration sphere mobilize the Ca-alginate macromolecules and induce the rearrangement of the dry-state tertiary and quaternary structures. The primary fibrils of the original aerogel backbone form hydrated fibers and fascicles, resulting in the significant increase of pore size, the smoothing of the nanostructured surface, and the increase of the fractal dimension of the matrix. Because of the formation of these new superstructures in the hydrated backbone, the stiffness and the compressive strength of the aerogel significantly increase compared to its dry-state properties. Further elevation of the water content of the aerogel results in a critical hydration state. The Ca-alginate fibers of the backbone disintegrate into well-hydrated chains, which eventually form a quasi-homogeneous hydrogel-like network. Consequently, the porous structure collapses and the well-defined solid backbone ceases to exist. Even in this hydrogel-like state, the macroscopic integrity of the Ca-alginate monolith is intact. The postulated mechanism accounts for the modification of the macroscopic properties of Ca-alginate aerogel in relation to both humid and aqueous environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attila Forgács
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Debrecen H-4032, Hungary
- MTA-DE Redox and Homogeneous Catalytic Reaction Mechanisms Research Group, Egyetem tér 1, Debrecen H-4032, Hungary
| | - Vanda Papp
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Debrecen H-4032, Hungary
| | - Geo Paul
- Department of Science and Technological Innovation, Universitá del Piemonte Orientale, Viale T. Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Leonardo Marchese
- Department of Science and Technological Innovation, Universitá del Piemonte Orientale, Viale T. Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Adél Len
- Neutron Spectroscopy Department, Centre for Energy Research, Konkoly-Thege Miklós út 29-33, Budapest H-1121, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Dudás
- Neutron Spectroscopy Department, Centre for Energy Research, Konkoly-Thege Miklós út 29-33, Budapest H-1121, Hungary
| | - István Fábián
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Debrecen H-4032, Hungary
- MTA-DE Redox and Homogeneous Catalytic Reaction Mechanisms Research Group, Egyetem tér 1, Debrecen H-4032, Hungary
| | - Pavel Gurikov
- Laboratory for Development and Modelling of Novel Nanoporous Materials, Hamburg University of Technology, Eißendorfer Straße 38, 21073 Hamburg, Germany
| | - József Kalmár
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Debrecen H-4032, Hungary
- MTA-DE Redox and Homogeneous Catalytic Reaction Mechanisms Research Group, Egyetem tér 1, Debrecen H-4032, Hungary
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23
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Shi W, Ching YC, Chuah CH. Preparation of aerogel beads and microspheres based on chitosan and cellulose for drug delivery: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 170:751-767. [PMID: 33412201 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.12.214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Spherical aerogels are not easily broken during use and are easier to transport and store which can be used as templates for drug delivery. This review summarizes the possible approaches for the preparation of aerogel beads and microspheres based on chitosan and cellulose, an overview to the methods of manufacturing droplets is presented, afterwards, the transition mechanisms from sol to a spherical gel are reviewed in detail followed by different drying processes to obtain spherical aerogels with porous structures. Additionally, a specific focus is given to aerogel beads and microspheres to be regarded as drug delivery carriers. Furthermore, a core/shell architecture of aerogel beads and microspheres for controlled drug release is described and subjected to inspire readers to create novel drug release system. Finally, the conclusions and outlooks of aerogel beads and microspheres for drug delivery are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Shi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Yern Chee Ching
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
| | - Cheng Hock Chuah
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
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Huang BH, Li SY, Chiang TT, Wu PW. Leveraging the water electrolysis reaction in bipolar electrophoresis to form robust and defectless chitosan films. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 250:116912. [PMID: 33049832 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Electrophoresis of chitosan and its composites are widely used to form a coating on selective substrates, but the parasitic water electrolysis causes structural defects that weaken the resulting film. In this work, we demonstrate a bipolar electrophoresis technique that leverages the water electrolysis to produce a chitosan film with less porosity and surface cavities. The process involves a negative bias to deposit the protonated chitosan molecules from the solution, followed by a positive bias to remove the entrapped hydrogen bubbles via the re-protonation of chitosan deposit. Since water electrolysis occurs for both positive and negative bias, the bipolar profile is designed to engender pH changeup near the electrode for "surface conditioning" of chitosan film. The bipolar electrophoresis route demonstrates better coulomb efficiency than that of conventional potentiostatic electrophoresis, resulting in a free-standing chitosan film with sufficient mechanical strength and large area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Han Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shih-Yuan Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Tze-Ting Chiang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Pu-Wei Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan, ROC.
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Takeshita S, Zhao S, Malfait WJ, Koebel MM. Chemistry of Chitosan Aerogels: Three‐Dimensional Pore Control for Tailored Applications. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 60:9828-9851. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202003053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Takeshita
- Building Energy Materials & Components Laboratory Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa) Überlandstrasse 129 CH-8600 Dübendorf Switzerland
- Research Institute for Chemical Process Technology National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi 3058565 Tsukuba Japan
| | - Shanyu Zhao
- Building Energy Materials & Components Laboratory Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa) Überlandstrasse 129 CH-8600 Dübendorf Switzerland
| | - Wim J. Malfait
- Building Energy Materials & Components Laboratory Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa) Überlandstrasse 129 CH-8600 Dübendorf Switzerland
| | - Matthias M. Koebel
- Building Energy Materials & Components Laboratory Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa) Überlandstrasse 129 CH-8600 Dübendorf Switzerland
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26
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Budtova T, Aguilera DA, Beluns S, Berglund L, Chartier C, Espinosa E, Gaidukovs S, Klimek-Kopyra A, Kmita A, Lachowicz D, Liebner F, Platnieks O, Rodríguez A, Tinoco Navarro LK, Zou F, Buwalda SJ. Biorefinery Approach for Aerogels. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2779. [PMID: 33255498 PMCID: PMC7760295 DOI: 10.3390/polym12122779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
According to the International Energy Agency, biorefinery is "the sustainable processing of biomass into a spectrum of marketable bio-based products (chemicals, materials) and bioenergy (fuels, power, heat)". In this review, we survey how the biorefinery approach can be applied to highly porous and nanostructured materials, namely aerogels. Historically, aerogels were first developed using inorganic matter. Subsequently, synthetic polymers were also employed. At the beginning of the 21st century, new aerogels were created based on biomass. Which sources of biomass can be used to make aerogels and how? This review answers these questions, paying special attention to bio-aerogels' environmental and biomedical applications. The article is a result of fruitful exchanges in the frame of the European project COST Action "CA 18125 AERoGELS: Advanced Engineering and Research of aeroGels for Environment and Life Sciences".
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Budtova
- MINES ParisTech, Center for Materials Forming (CEMEF), PSL Research University, UMR CNRS 7635, CS 10207, 06904 Sophia Antipolis, France; (D.A.A.); (C.C.); (F.Z.)
| | - Daniel Antonio Aguilera
- MINES ParisTech, Center for Materials Forming (CEMEF), PSL Research University, UMR CNRS 7635, CS 10207, 06904 Sophia Antipolis, France; (D.A.A.); (C.C.); (F.Z.)
| | - Sergejs Beluns
- Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Institute of Polymer Materials, Riga Technical University, P.Valdena 3/7, LV, 1048 Riga, Latvia; (S.B.); (S.G.); (O.P.)
| | - Linn Berglund
- Division of Materials Science, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Luleå University of Technology, SE-971 87 Luleå, Sweden;
| | - Coraline Chartier
- MINES ParisTech, Center for Materials Forming (CEMEF), PSL Research University, UMR CNRS 7635, CS 10207, 06904 Sophia Antipolis, France; (D.A.A.); (C.C.); (F.Z.)
| | - Eduardo Espinosa
- Bioagres Group, Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Science, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus of Rabanales, 14014 Córdoba, Spain; (E.E.); (A.R.)
| | - Sergejs Gaidukovs
- Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Institute of Polymer Materials, Riga Technical University, P.Valdena 3/7, LV, 1048 Riga, Latvia; (S.B.); (S.G.); (O.P.)
| | - Agnieszka Klimek-Kopyra
- Department of Agroecology and Plant Production, Faculty of Agriculture and Economics, University of Agriculture, Aleja Mickieiwcza 21, 31-120 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Angelika Kmita
- Academic Centre for Materials and Nanotechnology, AGH University of Science and Technology, al. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland; (A.K.); (D.L.)
| | - Dorota Lachowicz
- Academic Centre for Materials and Nanotechnology, AGH University of Science and Technology, al. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland; (A.K.); (D.L.)
| | - Falk Liebner
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Chemistry of Renewable Resources, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Konrad Lorenz Straße 24, A-3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria;
| | - Oskars Platnieks
- Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Institute of Polymer Materials, Riga Technical University, P.Valdena 3/7, LV, 1048 Riga, Latvia; (S.B.); (S.G.); (O.P.)
| | - Alejandro Rodríguez
- Bioagres Group, Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Science, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus of Rabanales, 14014 Córdoba, Spain; (E.E.); (A.R.)
| | - Lizeth Katherine Tinoco Navarro
- CEITEC-VUT Central European Institute of Technology—Brno university of Technology, Purkyňova 123, 612 00 Brno-Královo Pole, Czech Republic;
| | - Fangxin Zou
- MINES ParisTech, Center for Materials Forming (CEMEF), PSL Research University, UMR CNRS 7635, CS 10207, 06904 Sophia Antipolis, France; (D.A.A.); (C.C.); (F.Z.)
| | - Sytze J. Buwalda
- MINES ParisTech, Center for Materials Forming (CEMEF), PSL Research University, UMR CNRS 7635, CS 10207, 06904 Sophia Antipolis, France; (D.A.A.); (C.C.); (F.Z.)
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27
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Lu H, Tang SY, Yun G, Li H, Zhang Y, Qiao R, Li W. Modular and Integrated Systems for Nanoparticle and Microparticle Synthesis-A Review. Biosensors (Basel) 2020; 10:E165. [PMID: 33153122 PMCID: PMC7693962 DOI: 10.3390/bios10110165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) and microparticles (MPs) have been widely used in different areas of research such as materials science, energy, and biotechnology. On-demand synthesis of NPs and MPs with desired chemical and physical properties is essential for different applications. However, most of the conventional methods for producing NPs/MPs require bulky and expensive equipment, which occupies large space and generally need complex operation with dedicated expertise and labour. These limitations hinder inexperienced researchers to harness the advantages of NPs and MPs in their fields of research. When problems individual researchers accumulate, the overall interdisciplinary innovations for unleashing a wider range of directions are undermined. In recent years, modular and integrated systems are developed for resolving the ongoing dilemma. In this review, we focus on the development of modular and integrated systems that assist the production of NPs and MPs. We categorise these systems into two major groups: systems for the synthesis of (1) NPs and (2) MPs; systems for producing NPs are further divided into two sections based on top-down and bottom-up approaches. The mechanisms of each synthesis method are explained, and the properties of produced NPs/MPs are compared. Finally, we discuss existing challenges and outline the potentials for the development of modular and integrated systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongda Lu
- School of Mechanical, Materials, Mechatronic and Biomedical Engineering, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; (H.L.); (G.Y.)
| | - Shi-Yang Tang
- Department of Electronic, Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK;
| | - Guolin Yun
- School of Mechanical, Materials, Mechatronic and Biomedical Engineering, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; (H.L.); (G.Y.)
| | - Haiyue Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA;
| | - Yuxin Zhang
- Department of Electronic, Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK;
| | - Ruirui Qiao
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology and Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Weihua Li
- Department of Electronic, Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK;
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28
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Takeshita S, Sadeghpour A, Sivaraman D, Zhao S, Malfait WJ. Solvents, CO 2 and biopolymers: Structure formation in chitosan aerogel. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 247:116680. [PMID: 32829808 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The functionality of biopolymer aerogels is inherently linked to its microstructure, which in turn depends on the synthesis protocol. Detailed investigations on the macroscopic size change and nanostructure formation during chitosan aerogel synthesis reveal a new aspect of biopolymer aerogels that increases process flexibility. Formaldehyde-cross-linked chitosan gels retain a significant fraction of their original volume after solvent exchange into methanol (50.3 %), ethanol (47.1 %) or isopropanol (26.7 %), but shrink dramatically during subsequent supercritical CO2 processing (down to 4.9 %, 3.5 % and 3.7 %, respectively). In contrast, chitosan gels shrink more strongly upon exchange into n-heptane (7.2 %), a low affinity solvent, and retain this volume during CO2 processing. Small-angle X-ray scattering confirms that the occurrence of the volumetric changes correlates with mesoporous network formation through physical coagulation in CO2 or n-heptane. The structure formation step can be controlled by solvent-polymer and polymer-drying interactions, which would be a new tool to tailor the aerogel structure.
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29
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Yahya EB, Jummaat F, Amirul AA, Adnan AS, Olaiya NG, Abdullah CK, Rizal S, Mohamad Haafiz MK, Khalil HPSA. A Review on Revolutionary Natural Biopolymer-Based Aerogels for Antibacterial Delivery. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:E648. [PMID: 32998197 PMCID: PMC7601537 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9100648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A biopolymer-based aerogel has been developed to become one of the most potentially utilized materials in different biomedical applications. The biopolymer-based aerogel has unique physical, chemical, and mechanical properties and these properties are used in tissue engineering, biosensing, diagnostic, medical implant and drug delivery applications. Biocompatible and non-toxic biopolymers such as chitosan, cellulose and alginates have been used to deliver antibiotics, plants extract, essential oils and metallic nanoparticles. Antibacterial aerogels have been used in superficial and chronic wound healing as dressing sheets. This review critically analyses the utilization of biopolymer-based aerogels in antibacterial delivery. The analysis shows the relationship between their properties and their applications in the wound healing process. Furthermore, highlights of the potentials, challenges and proposition of the application of biopolymer-based aerogels is explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esam Bashir Yahya
- School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia; (E.B.Y.); (N.G.O.); (C.K.A.); (M.K.M.H.)
| | - Fauziah Jummaat
- Management Science University Medical Centre, University Drive, Off Persiaran Olahraga, Section 13, Shah Alam, Selangor 40100, Malaysia;
| | - A. A. Amirul
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia
| | - A. S. Adnan
- Management Science University Medical Centre, University Drive, Off Persiaran Olahraga, Section 13, Shah Alam, Selangor 40100, Malaysia;
| | - N. G. Olaiya
- School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia; (E.B.Y.); (N.G.O.); (C.K.A.); (M.K.M.H.)
| | - C. K. Abdullah
- School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia; (E.B.Y.); (N.G.O.); (C.K.A.); (M.K.M.H.)
| | - Samsul Rizal
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia;
| | - M. K. Mohamad Haafiz
- School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia; (E.B.Y.); (N.G.O.); (C.K.A.); (M.K.M.H.)
| | - H. P. S. Abdul Khalil
- School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia; (E.B.Y.); (N.G.O.); (C.K.A.); (M.K.M.H.)
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30
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Alsmadi MM, Obaidat RM, Alnaief M, Albiss BA, Hailat N. Development, In Vitro Characterization, and In Vivo Toxicity Evaluation of Chitosan-Alginate Nanoporous Carriers Loaded with Cisplatin for Lung Cancer Treatment. AAPS PharmSciTech 2020; 21:191. [PMID: 32661587 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-020-01735-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Polysaccharide-based aerogels are promising drug carriers. Being nanoporous with a high specific surface area allows their use as a drug vehicle for various delivery routes. Intratracheal and intravenous administration of free cisplatin causes toxicity in the rat liver, lungs, and kidneys. In this work, microspherical particles based on alginate-chitosan without a traditional crosslinker were evaluated for targeted delivery of cisplatin by intratracheal administration. The aerogel particles were prepared using the emulsion gelation method, followed by supercritical carbon dioxide extraction. Loading of cisplatin on the prepared porous particles was performed by impregnation using supercritical fluid technology. The prepared carrier and the loaded drug were evaluated for drug content, release, and in vivo acute and subacute toxicity. Cisplatin was successfully loaded (percent drug loading > 76%) on the prepared carrier (particle size = 0.433 ± 0.091 μm) without chemically interacting with the carrier and without losing its crystal form. Sixty percent of cisplatin was released within 2 h, and the rest was loaded inside the polymer pores and had a sustained first-order release over 6 h. Loading cisplatin on the carrier developed herein reduced the cisplatin lung toxicity but increased the liver toxicity after intratracheal administration with nephrotoxicity being proportional to cisplatin dose in case of carrier-loaded cisplatin. Moreover, loading cisplatin on the carrier significantly reduced mortality rate and prevented weight loss in rats as compared to free cisplatin in subacute studies after intratracheal administration. Thus, the developed carrier showed high potential for targeted delivery of cisplatin for lung cancer treatment by inhalation. Graphical abstract.
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31
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Guerrero-Alburquerque N, Zhao S, Adilien N, Koebel MM, Lattuada M, Malfait WJ. Strong, Machinable, and Insulating Chitosan-Urea Aerogels: Toward Ambient Pressure Drying of Biopolymer Aerogel Monoliths. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:22037-22049. [PMID: 32302092 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c03047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Biopolymer aerogels are an emerging class of materials with potential applications in drug delivery, thermal insulation, separation, and filtration. Chitosan is of particular interest as a sustainable, biocompatible, and abundant raw material. Here, we present urea-modified chitosan aerogels with a high surface area and excellent thermal and mechanical properties. The irreversible gelation of an acidic chitosan solution is triggered by the thermal decomposition of urea at 80 °C through an increase in pH and, more importantly, the formation of abundant ureido terminal groups. The hydrogels are dried using either supercritical CO2 drying (SCD) or ambient pressure drying (APD) methods to elucidate the influence of the drying process on the final aerogel properties. The hydrogels are exchanged into ethanol prior to SCD, and into ethanol and then heptane prior to APD. The surface chemistry and microstructure are monitored by solid-state NMR and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and nitrogen sorption. Surprisingly, large monolithic aerogel plates (70 × 70 mm2) can be produced by APD, albeit at a somewhat higher density (0.17-0.42 g/cm3). The as prepared aerogels have thermal conductivities of ∼24 and ∼31 mW/(m·K) and surface areas of 160-170 and 85-230 m2/g, for SCD and APD, respectively. For a primarily biopolymer-based material, these aerogels are exceptionally stable at elevated temperature (TGA) and char and self-extinguish after direct flame exposure. The urea-modified chitosan aerogels display superior mechanical properties compared to traditional silica aerogels, with no brittle rupture up to at least 80% strain, and depending on the chitosan concentration, relatively high E-moduli (1.0-11.6 MPa), and stress at 80% strain values (σ80 of 3.5-17.9 MPa). Remarkably, the aerogel monoliths can be shaped and machined with standard tools, for example, drilling and sawing. This first demonstration to produce monolithic and machinable, mesoporous aerogels from bio-sourced, renewable, and nontoxic precursors, combined with the potential for reduced production cost by means of simple APD, opens up new opportunities for biopolymer aerogel applications and marks an important step toward commercialization of biopolymer aerogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Guerrero-Alburquerque
- Laboratory for Building Energy Materials and Components, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Empa, Überlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 9, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Shanyu Zhao
- Laboratory for Building Energy Materials and Components, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Empa, Überlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Nour Adilien
- Laboratory for Building Energy Materials and Components, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Empa, Überlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Matthias M Koebel
- Laboratory for Building Energy Materials and Components, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Empa, Überlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Marco Lattuada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 9, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Wim J Malfait
- Laboratory for Building Energy Materials and Components, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Empa, Überlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
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