1
|
Kapoor KS, Kong S, Sugimoto H, Guo W, Boominathan V, Chen YL, Biswal SL, Terlier T, McAndrews KM, Kalluri R. Single Extracellular Vesicle Imaging and Computational Analysis Identifies Inherent Architectural Heterogeneity. ACS Nano 2024; 18:11717-11731. [PMID: 38651873 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c12556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Evaluating the heterogeneity of extracellular vesicles (EVs) is crucial for unraveling their complex actions and biodistribution. Here, we identify consistent architectural heterogeneity of EVs using cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM), which has an inherent ability to image biological samples without harsh labeling methods while preserving their native conformation. Imaging EVs isolated using different methodologies from distinct sources, such as cancer cells, normal cells, immortalized cells, and body fluids, we identify a structural atlas of their dominantly consistent shapes. We identify EV architectural attributes by utilizing a segmentation neural network model. In total, 7,576 individual EVs were imaged and quantified by our computational pipeline. Across all 7,576 independent EVs, the average eccentricity was 0.5366 ± 0.2, and the average equivalent diameter was 132.43 ± 67 nm. The architectural heterogeneity was consistent across all sources of EVs, independent of purification techniques, and compromised of single spherical, rod-like or tubular, and double shapes. This study will serve as a reference foundation for high-resolution images of EVs and offer insights into their potential biological impact.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kshipra S Kapoor
- Department of Cancer Biology and Metastasis Research Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77054, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Seoyun Kong
- Department of Cancer Biology and Metastasis Research Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77054, United States
| | - Hikaru Sugimoto
- Department of Cancer Biology and Metastasis Research Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77054, United States
| | - Wenhua Guo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Vivek Boominathan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Yi-Lin Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Sibani Lisa Biswal
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Tanguy Terlier
- SIMS Laboratory, Shared Equipment Authority, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Kathleen M McAndrews
- Department of Cancer Biology and Metastasis Research Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77054, United States
| | - Raghu Kalluri
- Department of Cancer Biology and Metastasis Research Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77054, United States
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kapoor KS, Kong S, Sugimoto H, Guo W, Boominathan V, Chen YL, Biswal SL, Terlier T, McAndrews KM, Kalluri R. Single extracellular vesicle imaging and computational analysis identifies inherent architectural heterogeneity. bioRxiv 2023:2023.12.11.571132. [PMID: 38168235 PMCID: PMC10760062 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.11.571132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Evaluating the heterogeneity of extracellular vesicles (EVs) is crucial for unraveling their complex actions and biodistribution. Here, we identify consistent architectural heterogeneity of EVs using cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM) which has an inherent ability to image biological samples without harsh labeling methods and while preserving their native conformation. Imaging EVs isolated using different methodologies from distinct sources such as cancer cells, normal cells, and body fluids, we identify a structural atlas of their dominantly consistent shapes. We identify EV architectural attributes by utilizing a segmentation neural network model. In total, 7,576 individual EVs were imaged and quantified by our computational pipeline. Across all 7,576 independent EVs, the average eccentricity was 0.5366, and the average equivalent diameter was 132.43 nm. The architectural heterogeneity was consistent across all sources of EVs, independent of purification techniques, and compromised of single spherical (S. Spherical), rod-like or tubular, and double shapes. This study will serve as a reference foundation for high-resolution EV images and offer insights into their potential biological impact.
Collapse
|
3
|
E VIGNESHBALAJI, RAMESH DIVYA, SHAJU MANISHACHUNGAN, KUMAR AKSHARA, PANDEY SAMYAK, NAYAK RAKSHA, ALKA V, MUNJAL SRISHTI, SALIMI AMIR, PAI KSREEDHARARANGANATH, BAKKANNAVAR SHANKARM. Biological, pathological, and multifaceted therapeutic functions of exosomes to target cancer. Oncol Res 2023; 32:73-94. [PMID: 38188673 PMCID: PMC10767237 DOI: 10.32604/or.2023.030401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Exosomes, small tiny vesicle contains a large number of intracellular particles that employ to cause various diseases and prevent several pathological events as well in the human body. It is considered a "double-edged sword", and depending on its biological source, the action of exosomes varies under physiological conditions. Also, the isolation and characterization of the exosomes should be performed accurately and the methodology also will vary depending on the exosome source. Moreover, the uptake of exosomes from the recipients' cells is a vital and initial step for all the physiological actions. There are different mechanisms present in the exosomes' cellular uptake to deliver their cargo to acceptor cells. Once the exosomal uptake takes place, it releases the intracellular particles that leads to activate the physiological response. Even though exosomes have lavish functions, there are some challenges associated with every step of their preparation to bring potential therapeutic efficacy. So, overcoming the pitfalls would give a desired quantity of exosomes with high purity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- VIGNESH BALAJI E
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - DIVYA RAMESH
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - MANISHA CHUNGAN SHAJU
- School of Health and Community Services, Durham College, Oshawa, Ontario, L1G2G5, Canada
| | - AKSHARA KUMAR
- Department of Pharmaceutical Regulatory Affairs and Management, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - SAMYAK PANDEY
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - RAKSHA NAYAK
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - V. ALKA
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - SRISHTI MUNJAL
- Department of Speech and Hearing, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - AMIR SALIMI
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - K. SREEDHARA RANGANATH PAI
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - SHANKAR M. BAKKANNAVAR
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Altıntaş Ö, Saylan Y. Exploring the Versatility of Exosomes: A Review on Isolation, Characterization, Detection Methods, and Diverse Applications. Anal Chem 2023; 95:16029-16048. [PMID: 37874907 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c02224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are crucial mediators of intercellular communication and can be classified based on their physical properties, biomolecular structure, and origin. Among EVs, exosomes have garnered significant attention due to their potential as therapeutic and diagnostic tools. Exosomes are released via fusion of multivesicular bodies on plasma membranes and can be isolated from various biofluids using methods such as differential ultracentrifugation, immune affinity capture, ultrafiltration, and size exclusion chromatography. Herein, an overview of different techniques for exosome characterization and isolation, as well as the diverse applications of exosome detection, including their potential use in drug delivery and disease diagnosis, is provided. Additionally, we discuss the emerging field of exosome detection by sensors, which offers an up-and-coming avenue for point-of-care diagnostic tools development. Overall, this review aims to provide a exhaustive and up-to-date summary of the current state of exosome research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Özge Altıntaş
- Hacettepe University, Department of Chemistry, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yeşeren Saylan
- Hacettepe University, Department of Chemistry, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang K, Wang X, Pan Q, Zhao B. Liquid biopsy techniques and pancreatic cancer: diagnosis, monitoring, and evaluation. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:167. [PMID: 37803304 PMCID: PMC10557192 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01870-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the most common malignancies. Surgical resection is a potential curative approach for PC, but most patients are unsuitable for operations when at the time of diagnosis. Even with surgery, some patients may still experience tumour metastasis during the operation or shortly after surgery, as precise prognosis evaluation is not always possible. If patients miss the opportunity for surgery and resort to chemotherapy, they may face the challenging issue of chemotherapy resistance. In recent years, liquid biopsy has shown promising prospects in disease diagnosis, treatment monitoring, and prognosis assessment. As a noninvasive detection method, liquid biopsy offers advantages over traditional diagnostic procedures, such as tissue biopsy, in terms of both cost-effectiveness and convenience. The information provided by liquid biopsy helps clinical practitioners understand the molecular mechanisms underlying tumour occurrence and development, enabling the formulation of more precise and personalized treatment decisions for each patient. This review introduces molecular biomarkers and detection methods in liquid biopsy for PC, including circulating tumour cells (CTCs), circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA), noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), and extracellular vesicles (EVs) or exosomes. Additionally, we summarize the applications of liquid biopsy in the early diagnosis, treatment response, resistance assessment, and prognostic evaluation of PC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kangchun Wang
- Department of Organ Transplantation and Hepatobiliary, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Qi Pan
- Department of Organ Transplantation and Hepatobiliary, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China.
| | - Bei Zhao
- Department of Ultrasound, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhang J, Wu J, Wang G, He L, Zheng Z, Wu M, Zhang Y. Extracellular Vesicles: Techniques and Biomedical Applications Related to Single Vesicle Analysis. ACS Nano 2023; 17:17668-17698. [PMID: 37695614 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c03172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are extensively dispersed lipid bilayer membrane vesicles involved in the delivery and transportation of molecular payloads to certain cell types to facilitate intercellular interactions. Their significant roles in physiological and pathological processes make EVs outstanding biomarkers for disease diagnosis and treatment monitoring as well as ideal candidates for drug delivery. Nevertheless, differences in the biogenesis processes among EV subpopulations have led to a diversity of biophysical characteristics and molecular cargos. Additionally, the prevalent heterogeneity of EVs has been found to substantially hamper the sensitivity and accuracy of disease diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring, thus impeding the advancement of clinical applications. In recent years, the evolution of single EV (SEV) analysis has enabled an in-depth comprehension of the physical properties, molecular composition, and biological roles of EVs at the individual vesicle level. This review examines the sample acquisition tactics prior to SEV analysis, i.e., EV isolation techniques, and outlines the current state-of-the-art label-free and label-based technologies for SEV identification. Furthermore, the challenges and prospects of biomedical applications based on SEV analysis are systematically discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Jiacheng Wu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Guanzhao Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Luxuan He
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Ziwei Zheng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Minhao Wu
- Department of Immunology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, P. R. China
| | - Yuanqing Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid-bilayer enclosed membrane vesicles released by cells in physiological and pathological states. EVs are generated and released through a variety of pathways and mediate cellular communication by carrying and transferring signals to recipient cells. EVs are specifically loaded with proteins, nucleic acids (RNAs and DNA), enzymes and lipids, and carry a range of surface proteins and adhesion molecules. EVs contribute to intercellular signalling, development, metabolism, tissue homeostasis, antigen presentation, gene expression and immune regulation. EVs have been categorised into three different subgroups based on their size: exosomes (30-150 nm), microvesicles (100-1000 nm) and apoptotic bodies (1-5 μm). The status of the cells of origin of EVs influences their biology, heterogeneity and functions. EVs, especially exosomes, have been studied for their potential roles in feto-maternal communication and impacts on normal pregnancy and pregnancy disorders. This review presents an overview of EVs, emphasising exosomes and microvesicles in a general context, and then focusing on the roles of EVs in human pregnancy and their potential as diagnostics for adverse pregnancy outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nilanjana Paul
- Mothers and Babies Research Centre, Hunter Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, 2305, Australia.
| | - Zakia Sultana
- Mothers and Babies Research Centre, Hunter Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, 2305, Australia.
| | - Joshua J Fisher
- Mothers and Babies Research Centre, Hunter Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, 2305, Australia.
| | | | - Roger Smith
- Mothers and Babies Research Centre, Hunter Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, 2305, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Mu N, Li J, Zeng L, You J, Li R, Qin A, Liu X, Yan F, Zhou Z. Plant-Derived Exosome-Like Nanovesicles: Current Progress and Prospects. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:4987-5009. [PMID: 37693885 PMCID: PMC10492547 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s420748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles, ranging in size from 30-150nm, which can be derived from various types of cells. In recent years, mammalian-derived exosomes have been extensively studied and found to play a crucial role in regulating intercellular communication, thereby influencing the development and progression of numerous diseases. Traditional Chinese medicine has employed plant-based remedies for thousands of years, and an increasing body of evidence suggests that plant-derived exosome-like nanovesicles (PELNs) share similarities with mammalian-derived exosomes in terms of their structure and function. In this review, we provide an overview of recent advances in the study of PELNs and their potential implications for human health. Specifically, we summarize the roles of PELNs in respiratory, digestive, circulatory, and other diseases. Furthermore, we have extensively investigated the potential shortcomings and challenges in current research regarding the mechanism of action, safety, administration routes, isolation and extraction methods, characterization and identification techniques, as well as drug-loading capabilities. Based on these considerations, we propose recommendations for future research directions. Overall, our review highlights the potential of PELNs as a promising area of research, with broad implications for the treatment of human diseases. We anticipate continued interest in this area and hope that our summary of recent findings will stimulate further exploration into the implications of PELNs for human health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nai Mu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China
- Geriatric Diseases Institute of Chengdu, Department of Orthopedics, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Li
- Center for Medicine Research and Translation, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Zeng
- Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Juan You
- Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rong Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Anquan Qin
- Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xueping Liu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fang Yan
- Center for Medicine Research and Translation, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China
- Geriatric Diseases Institute of Chengdu, Department of Geriatrics, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zheng Zhou
- Department of Clinical Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China
- Geriatric Diseases Institute of Chengdu, Department of Orthopedics, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Asao T, Tobias GC, Lucotti S, Jones DR, Matei I, Lyden D. Extracellular vesicles and particles as mediators of long-range communication in cancer: connecting biological function to clinical applications. Extracell Vesicles Circ Nucl Acids 2023; 4:461-485. [PMID: 38707985 PMCID: PMC11067132 DOI: 10.20517/evcna.2023.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Over the past decade, extracellular vesicles and particles (EVPs) have emerged as critical mediators of intercellular communication, participating in numerous physiological and pathological processes. In the context of cancer, EVPs exert local effects, such as increased invasiveness, motility, and reprogramming of tumor stroma, as well as systemic effects, including pre-metastatic niche formation, determining organotropism, promoting metastasis and altering the homeostasis of various organs and systems, such as the liver, muscle, and circulatory system. This review provides an overview of the critical advances in EVP research during the past decade, highlighting the heterogeneity of EVPs, their roles in intercellular communication, cancer progression, and metastasis. Moreover, the clinical potential of systemic EVPs as useful cancer biomarkers and therapeutic agents is explored. Last but not least, the progress in EVP analysis technologies that have facilitated these discoveries is discussed, which may further propel EVP research in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuhiko Asao
- Children’s Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics, Cell & Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children’s Health and Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
- Thoracic Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 163-8001, Japan
| | - Gabriel Cardial Tobias
- Children’s Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics, Cell & Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children’s Health and Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Serena Lucotti
- Children’s Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics, Cell & Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children’s Health and Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - David R. Jones
- Thoracic Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Irina Matei
- Children’s Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics, Cell & Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children’s Health and Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - David Lyden
- Children’s Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics, Cell & Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children’s Health and Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Pezzotti G, Adachi T, Imamura H, Bristol DR, Adachi K, Yamamoto T, Kanamura N, Marin E, Zhu W, Kawai T, Mazda O, Kariu T, Waku T, Nichols FC, Riello P, Rizzolio F, Limongi T, Okuma K. In Situ Raman Study of Neurodegenerated Human Neuroblastoma Cells Exposed to Outer-Membrane Vesicles Isolated from Porphyromonas gingivalis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13351. [PMID: 37686157 PMCID: PMC10488263 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to elucidate the chemistry of cellular degeneration in human neuroblastoma cells upon exposure to outer-membrane vesicles (OMVs) produced by Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) oral bacteria by monitoring their metabolomic evolution using in situ Raman spectroscopy. Pg-OMVs are a key factor in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis, as they act as efficient vectors for the delivery of toxins promoting neuronal damage. However, the chemical mechanisms underlying the direct impact of Pg-OMVs on cell metabolites at the molecular scale still remain conspicuously unclear. A widely used in vitro model employing neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells (a sub-line of the SK-N-SH cell line) was spectroscopically analyzed in situ before and 6 h after Pg-OMV contamination. Concurrently, Raman characterizations were also performed on isolated Pg-OMVs, which included phosphorylated dihydroceramide (PDHC) lipids and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), the latter in turn being contaminated with a highly pathogenic class of cysteine proteases, a key factor in neuronal cell degradation. Raman characterizations located lipopolysaccharide fingerprints in the vesicle structure and unveiled so far unproved aspects of the chemistry behind protein degradation induced by Pg-OMV contamination of SH-SY5Y cells. The observed alterations of cells' Raman profiles were then discussed in view of key factors including the formation of amyloid β (Aβ) plaques and hyperphosphorylated Tau neurofibrillary tangles, and the formation of cholesterol agglomerates that exacerbate AD pathologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Pezzotti
- Ceramic Physics Laboratory, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Sakyo-ku, Matsugasaki, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan; (H.I.)
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (T.A.); (O.M.)
- Department of Dental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (K.A.); (T.Y.); (N.K.)
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishi-Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca Degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy;
- Department of Molecular Science and Nanosystems, Ca’ Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venice, Italy; (P.R.); (F.R.)
| | - Tetsuya Adachi
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (T.A.); (O.M.)
- Department of Dental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (K.A.); (T.Y.); (N.K.)
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shinmachi, Hirakata 573-1010, Japan
| | - Hayata Imamura
- Ceramic Physics Laboratory, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Sakyo-ku, Matsugasaki, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan; (H.I.)
- Department of Dental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (K.A.); (T.Y.); (N.K.)
| | - Davide Redolfi Bristol
- Ceramic Physics Laboratory, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Sakyo-ku, Matsugasaki, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan; (H.I.)
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (T.A.); (O.M.)
- Department of Molecular Science and Nanosystems, Ca’ Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venice, Italy; (P.R.); (F.R.)
| | - Keiji Adachi
- Department of Dental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (K.A.); (T.Y.); (N.K.)
| | - Toshiro Yamamoto
- Department of Dental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (K.A.); (T.Y.); (N.K.)
| | - Narisato Kanamura
- Department of Dental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (K.A.); (T.Y.); (N.K.)
| | - Elia Marin
- Ceramic Physics Laboratory, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Sakyo-ku, Matsugasaki, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan; (H.I.)
- Department of Dental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (K.A.); (T.Y.); (N.K.)
| | - Wenliang Zhu
- Ceramic Physics Laboratory, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Sakyo-ku, Matsugasaki, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan; (H.I.)
| | - Toshihisa Kawai
- Department of Oral Science and Translational Research, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, 3301 College Avenue, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33314, USA;
| | - Osam Mazda
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (T.A.); (O.M.)
| | - Toru Kariu
- Department of Life Science, Shokei University, Chuo-ku, Kuhonji, Kumamoto 862-8678, Japan;
| | - Tomonori Waku
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Sakyo-ku, Matsugasaki, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan;
| | - Frank C. Nichols
- Department of Oral Health and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut, 263 Farmington Avenue, Storrs, CT 06030, USA;
| | - Pietro Riello
- Department of Molecular Science and Nanosystems, Ca’ Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venice, Italy; (P.R.); (F.R.)
| | - Flavio Rizzolio
- Department of Molecular Science and Nanosystems, Ca’ Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venice, Italy; (P.R.); (F.R.)
| | - Tania Limongi
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca Degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy;
| | - Kazu Okuma
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shinmachi, Hirakata 573-1010, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Saadeldin IM, Ehab S, Cho J. Relevance of multilamellar and multicompartmental vesicles in biological fluids: understanding the significance of proportional variations and disease correlation. Biomark Res 2023; 11:77. [PMID: 37633948 PMCID: PMC10464313 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-023-00518-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have garnered significant interest in the field of biomedical science due to their potential applications in therapy and diagnosis. These vesicles participate in cell-to-cell communication and carry a diverse range of bioactive cargo molecules, such as nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids. These cargoes play essential roles in various signaling pathways, including paracrine and endocrine signaling. However, our understanding of the morphological and structural features of EVs is still limited. EVs could be unilamellar or multilamellar or even multicompartmental structures. The relative proportions of these EV subtypes in biological fluids have been associated with various human diseases; however, the mechanism remains unclear. Cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) holds great promise in the field of EV characterization due to high resolution properties. Cryo-EM circumvents artifacts caused by fixation or dehydration, allows for the preservation of native conformation, and eliminates the necessity for staining procedures. In this review, we summarize the role of EVs biogenesis and pathways that might have role on their structure, and the role of cryo-EM in characterization of EVs morphology in different biological samples and integrate new knowledge of the alterations of membranous structures of EVs which could be used as biomarkers to human diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Islam M Saadeldin
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, 99, Daehak-ro, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Seif Ehab
- Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Science and Technology, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
- Zoology Graduate Program, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Jongki Cho
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, 99, Daehak-ro, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Borșa RM, Toma V, Onaciu A, Moldovan CS, Mărginean R, Cenariu D, Știufiuc GF, Dinu CM, Bran S, Opriș HO, Văcăraș S, Onișor-Gligor F, Sentea D, Băciuț MF, Iuga CA, Știufiuc RI. Developing New Diagnostic Tools Based on SERS Analysis of Filtered Salivary Samples for Oral Cancer Detection. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12125. [PMID: 37569501 PMCID: PMC10418512 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer still represents one of the biggest challenges in current medical practice. Among different types of cancer, oral cancer has a huge impact on patients due to its great visibility, which is more likely to create social stigma and increased anxiety. New early diagnose methods are still needed to improve treatment efficiency and patients' life quality. Raman/SERS (Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy) spectroscopy has a unique and powerful potential for detecting specific molecules that can become priceless biomarkers in different pathologies, such as oral cancer. In this study, a batch of saliva samples obtained from a group of 17 patients with oro-maxillofacial pathologies compared with saliva samples from 18 healthy donors using the aforementioned methods were evaluated. At the same time, opiorphin, potassium thiocyanate and uric acid were evaluated as potential specific biomarkers for oro-maxillofacial pathologies using multivariate analysis. A careful examination of SERS spectra collected on saliva samples showed that the spectra are dominated by the vibrational bands of opiorphin, potassium thiocyanate and uric acid. Given the fact that all these small molecules are found in very small amounts, we filtrated all the samples to get rid of large molecules and to improve our analysis. By using solid plasmonic substrates, we were able to gain information about molecular concentration and geometry of interaction. On the other hand, the multivariate analysis of the salivary spectra contributed to developing a new detection method for oral cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rareș-Mario Borșa
- Dental Medicine Faculty, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Pasteur 4, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (R.-M.B.); (C.-M.D.); (S.B.); (H.-O.O.); (S.V.); (F.O.-G.); (M.-F.B.)
- Research Center for Advanced Medicine—MedFuture, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Pasteur 4-6, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (V.T.); (A.O.); (C.-S.M.); (R.M.); (D.C.); (C.-A.I.)
| | - Valentin Toma
- Research Center for Advanced Medicine—MedFuture, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Pasteur 4-6, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (V.T.); (A.O.); (C.-S.M.); (R.M.); (D.C.); (C.-A.I.)
| | - Anca Onaciu
- Research Center for Advanced Medicine—MedFuture, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Pasteur 4-6, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (V.T.); (A.O.); (C.-S.M.); (R.M.); (D.C.); (C.-A.I.)
| | - Cristian-Silviu Moldovan
- Research Center for Advanced Medicine—MedFuture, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Pasteur 4-6, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (V.T.); (A.O.); (C.-S.M.); (R.M.); (D.C.); (C.-A.I.)
| | - Radu Mărginean
- Research Center for Advanced Medicine—MedFuture, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Pasteur 4-6, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (V.T.); (A.O.); (C.-S.M.); (R.M.); (D.C.); (C.-A.I.)
| | - Diana Cenariu
- Research Center for Advanced Medicine—MedFuture, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Pasteur 4-6, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (V.T.); (A.O.); (C.-S.M.); (R.M.); (D.C.); (C.-A.I.)
| | | | - Cristian-Mihail Dinu
- Dental Medicine Faculty, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Pasteur 4, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (R.-M.B.); (C.-M.D.); (S.B.); (H.-O.O.); (S.V.); (F.O.-G.); (M.-F.B.)
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Implantology, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iuliu Hossu 37, 400029 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- County Emergency Hospital Cluj, Clinicilor 3-5, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Simion Bran
- Dental Medicine Faculty, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Pasteur 4, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (R.-M.B.); (C.-M.D.); (S.B.); (H.-O.O.); (S.V.); (F.O.-G.); (M.-F.B.)
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Implantology, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iuliu Hossu 37, 400029 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- County Emergency Hospital Cluj, Clinicilor 3-5, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Horia-Octavian Opriș
- Dental Medicine Faculty, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Pasteur 4, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (R.-M.B.); (C.-M.D.); (S.B.); (H.-O.O.); (S.V.); (F.O.-G.); (M.-F.B.)
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Implantology, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iuliu Hossu 37, 400029 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- County Emergency Hospital Cluj, Clinicilor 3-5, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Sergiu Văcăraș
- Dental Medicine Faculty, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Pasteur 4, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (R.-M.B.); (C.-M.D.); (S.B.); (H.-O.O.); (S.V.); (F.O.-G.); (M.-F.B.)
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Implantology, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iuliu Hossu 37, 400029 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- County Emergency Hospital Cluj, Clinicilor 3-5, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Florin Onișor-Gligor
- Dental Medicine Faculty, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Pasteur 4, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (R.-M.B.); (C.-M.D.); (S.B.); (H.-O.O.); (S.V.); (F.O.-G.); (M.-F.B.)
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Implantology, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iuliu Hossu 37, 400029 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- County Emergency Hospital Cluj, Clinicilor 3-5, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Dorin Sentea
- County Emergency Hospital Cluj, Clinicilor 3-5, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Mihaela-Felicia Băciuț
- Dental Medicine Faculty, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Pasteur 4, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (R.-M.B.); (C.-M.D.); (S.B.); (H.-O.O.); (S.V.); (F.O.-G.); (M.-F.B.)
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Implantology, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iuliu Hossu 37, 400029 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- County Emergency Hospital Cluj, Clinicilor 3-5, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Cristina-Adela Iuga
- Research Center for Advanced Medicine—MedFuture, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Pasteur 4-6, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (V.T.); (A.O.); (C.-S.M.); (R.M.); (D.C.); (C.-A.I.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Pasteur 6, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Rareș-Ionuț Știufiuc
- Research Center for Advanced Medicine—MedFuture, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Pasteur 4-6, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (V.T.); (A.O.); (C.-S.M.); (R.M.); (D.C.); (C.-A.I.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Physics-Biophysics, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Pasteur 6, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- TRANSCEND Research Center, Regional Institute of Oncology, 700483 Iasi, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Greenberg ZF, Graim KS, He M. Towards artificial intelligence-enabled extracellular vesicle precision drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023:114974. [PMID: 37356623 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.114974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular Vesicles (EVs), particularly exosomes, recently exploded into nanomedicine as an emerging drug delivery approach due to their superior biocompatibility, circulating stability, and bioavailability in vivo. However, EV heterogeneity makes molecular targeting precision a critical challenge. Deciphering key molecular drivers for controlling EV tissue targeting specificity is in great need. Artificial intelligence (AI) brings powerful prediction ability for guiding the rational design of engineered EVs in precision control for drug delivery. This review focuses on cutting-edge nano-delivery via integrating large-scale EV data with AI to develop AI-directed EV therapies and illuminate the clinical translation potential. We briefly review the current status of EVs in drug delivery, including the current frontier, limitations, and considerations to advance the field. Subsequently, we detail the future of AI in drug delivery and its impact on precision EV delivery. Our review discusses the current universal challenge of standardization and critical considerations when using AI combined with EVs for precision drug delivery. Finally, we will conclude this review with a perspective on future clinical translation led by a combined effort of AI and EV research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zachary F Greenberg
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32610, USA
| | - Kiley S Graim
- Department of Computer & Information Science & Engineering, Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32610, USA
| | - Mei He
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32610, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Bean AC, Sahu A, Piechocki C, Gualerzi A, Picciolini S, Bedoni M, Ambrosio F. Neuromuscular electrical stimulation enhances the ability of serum extracellular vesicles to regenerate aged skeletal muscle after injury. Exp Gerontol 2023; 177:112179. [PMID: 37087025 PMCID: PMC10278579 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2023.112179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
Abstract
Exercise promotes healthy aging of skeletal muscle. This benefit may be mediated by youthful factors in the circulation released in response to an exercise protocol. While numerous studies to date have explored soluble proteins as systemic mediators of rejuvenating effect of exercise on tissue function, here we showed that the beneficial effect of skeletal muscle contractile activity on aged muscle function is mediated, at least in part, by regenerative properties of circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs). Muscle contractile activity elicited by neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) decreased intensity of expression of the tetraspanin surface marker, CD63, on circulating EVs. Moreover, NMES shifted the biochemical Raman fingerprint of circulating EVs in aged animals with significant changes in lipid and sugar content in response to NMES when compared to controls. As a demonstration of the physiological relevance of these EV changes, we showed that intramuscular administration of EVs derived from aged animals subjected to NMES enhanced aged skeletal muscle healing after injury. These studies suggest that repetitive muscle contractile activity enhances the regenerative properties of circulating EVs in aged animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Allison C Bean
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America.
| | - Amrita Sahu
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America.
| | - Camilla Piechocki
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America.
| | | | | | - Marzia Bedoni
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, Milan, Italy.
| | - Fabrisia Ambrosio
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Brezgin S, Parodi A, Kostyusheva A, Ponomareva N, Lukashev A, Sokolova D, Pokrovsky VS, Slatinskaya O, Maksimov G, Zamyatnin AA, Chulanov V, Kostyushev D. Technological aspects of manufacturing and analytical control of biological nanoparticles. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 64:108122. [PMID: 36813011 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived biological nanoparticles that gained great interest for drug delivery. EVs have numerous advantages compared to synthetic nanoparticles, such as ideal biocompatibility, safety, ability to cross biological barriers and surface modification via genetic or chemical methods. On the other hand, the translation and the study of these carriers resulted difficult, mostly because of significant issues in up-scaling, synthesis and impractical methods of quality control. However, current manufacturing advances enable EV packaging with any therapeutic cargo, including DNA, RNA (for RNA vaccines and RNA therapeutics), proteins, peptides, RNA-protein complexes (including gene-editing complexes) and small molecules drugs. To date, an array of new and upgraded technologies have been introduced, substantially improving EV production, isolation, characterization and standardization. The used-to-be "gold standards" of EV manufacturing are now outdated, and the state-of-art requires extensive revision. This review re-evaluates the pipeline for EV industrial production and provides a critical overview of the modern technologies required for their synthesis and characterization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Brezgin
- Martsinovsky Institute of Medical Parasitology, Tropical and Vector-Borne Diseases, Sechenov University, Moscow 119048, Russia; Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi 354340, Russia
| | | | - Anastasiya Kostyusheva
- Martsinovsky Institute of Medical Parasitology, Tropical and Vector-Borne Diseases, Sechenov University, Moscow 119048, Russia
| | - Natalia Ponomareva
- Martsinovsky Institute of Medical Parasitology, Tropical and Vector-Borne Diseases, Sechenov University, Moscow 119048, Russia; Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi 354340, Russia
| | - Alexander Lukashev
- Martsinovsky Institute of Medical Parasitology, Tropical and Vector-Borne Diseases, Sechenov University, Moscow 119048, Russia
| | - Darina Sokolova
- Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi 354340, Russia; Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow 115478, Russia; People's Friendship University, Moscow 117198, Russia
| | - Vadim S Pokrovsky
- Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi 354340, Russia; Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow 115478, Russia; People's Friendship University, Moscow 117198, Russia
| | - Olga Slatinskaya
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Biology, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Georgy Maksimov
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Biology, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Andrey A Zamyatnin
- Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi 354340, Russia; Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7X, UK
| | - Vladimir Chulanov
- Martsinovsky Institute of Medical Parasitology, Tropical and Vector-Borne Diseases, Sechenov University, Moscow 119048, Russia; Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi 354340, Russia; Department of Infectious Diseases, Sechenov University, Moscow 119048, Russia; National Medical Research Center for Tuberculosis and Infectious Diseases, Moscow 127994, Russia
| | - Dmitry Kostyushev
- Martsinovsky Institute of Medical Parasitology, Tropical and Vector-Borne Diseases, Sechenov University, Moscow 119048, Russia; Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi 354340, Russia.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Faur CI, Dinu C, Toma V, Jurj A, Mărginean R, Onaciu A, Roman RC, Culic C, Chirilă M, Rotar H, Fălămaș A, Știufiuc GF, Hedeșiu M, Almășan O, Știufiuc RI. A New Detection Method of Oral and Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Based on Multivariate Analysis of Surface Enhanced Raman Spectra of Salivary Exosomes. J Pers Med 2023; 13:jpm13050762. [PMID: 37240933 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13050762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Raman spectroscopy recently proved a tremendous capacity to identify disease-specific markers in various (bio)samples being a non-invasive, rapid, and reliable method for cancer detection. In this study, we first aimed to record vibrational spectra of salivary exosomes isolated from oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma patients and healthy controls using surface enhancement Raman spectroscopy (SERS). Then, we assessed this method's capacity to discriminate between malignant and non-malignant samples by means of principal component-linear discriminant analysis (PC-LDA) and we used area under the receiver operating characteristics with illustration as the area under the curve to measure the power of salivary exosomes SERS spectra analysis to identify cancer presence. The vibrational spectra were collected on a solid plasmonic substrate developed in our group, synthesized using tangential flow filtered and concentrated silver nanoparticles, capable of generating very reproducible spectra for a whole range of bioanalytes. SERS examination identified interesting variations in the vibrational bands assigned to thiocyanate, proteins, and nucleic acids between the saliva of cancer and control groups. Chemometric analysis indicated discrimination sensitivity between the two groups up to 79.3%. The sensitivity is influenced by the spectral interval used for the multivariate analysis, being lower (75.9%) when the full-range spectra were used.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cosmin Ioan Faur
- Department of Oral Radiology, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cristian Dinu
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Implantology, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Valentin Toma
- MedFuture-Research Center for Advanced Medicine, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Anca Jurj
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Radu Mărginean
- MedFuture-Research Center for Advanced Medicine, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Anca Onaciu
- MedFuture-Research Center for Advanced Medicine, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Rareș Călin Roman
- Department of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Carina Culic
- Department of Odontology, Endodontics, Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Magdalena Chirilă
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Horațiu Rotar
- Department of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Alexandra Fălămaș
- Department of Molecular and Biomolecular Physics, National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | | | - Mihaela Hedeșiu
- Department of Oral Radiology, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Oana Almășan
- Department of Prosthodontics and Dental Materials, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Rares Ionuț Știufiuc
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Implantology, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Pharmaceutical Physics & Biophysics, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Wu Q, Ding Q, Lin W, Weng Y, Feng S, Chen R, Chen C, Qiu S, Lin D. Profiling of Tumor Cell-Delivered Exosome by Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy-Based Biosensor for Evaluation of Nasopharyngeal Cancer Radioresistance. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2202482. [PMID: 36528342 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202202482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Although the advancement of radiotherapy significantly improves the survival of nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC), radioresistance associated with recurrence and poor outcomes still remains a daunting challenge in the clinical scenario. Currently, effective biomarkers and convenient detection methods for predicting radioresistance have not been well established. Here, the surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy combined with proteomics is used to firstly profile the characteristic spectral patterns of exosomes secreted from self-established NPC radioresistance cells, and reveals specific variations of proteins expression during radioresistance formation, including collagen alpha-2 (I) chain (COL1A2) that is associated with a favorable prognosis in NPC and is negatively associated with DNA repair scores and DNA repair-related genes via bioinformatic analysis. Furthermore, deep learning model-based diagnostic model is generated to accurately identify the exosomes from radioresistance group. This work demonstrates the promising potential of exosomes as a novel biomarker for predicting the radioresistance and develops a rapid and sensitive liquid biopsy method that will provide a personalized and precise strategy for clinical NPC treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Wu
- Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine, Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350001, China
- College of Physics and Electronic Information Engineering, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350001, China
| | - Qin Ding
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350001, China
| | - Wanzun Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center, Fudan University Cancer Hospital, Shanghai, 201321, China
| | - Youliang Weng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350001, China
| | - Shangyuan Feng
- Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine, Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350001, China
| | - Rong Chen
- Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine, Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350001, China
| | - Chuanben Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350001, China
| | - Sufang Qiu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350001, China
| | - Duo Lin
- Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine, Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350001, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Miroshnikova VV, Dracheva KV, Kamyshinsky RA, Yastremsky EV, Garaeva LA, Pobozheva IA, Landa SB, Anisimova KA, Balandov SG, Hamid ZM, Vasilevsky DI, Pchelina SN, Konevega AL, Shtam TA. Cryo-electron microscopy of adipose tissue extracellular vesicles in obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0279652. [PMID: 36827314 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived membrane vesicles which play an important role in cell-to-cell communication and physiology. EVs deliver biological information from producing to recipient cells by transport of different cargo such as proteins, mRNAs, microRNAs, non-coding RNAs and lipids. Adipose tissue EVs could regulate metabolic and inflammatory interactions inside adipose tissue depots as well as distal tissues. Thus, adipose tissue EVs are assumed to be implicated in obesity-associated pathologies, notably in insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In this study we for the first time characterize EVs secreted by visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) of patients with obesity and T2DM with standard methods as well as analyze their morphology with cryo-electron microscopy. Cryo-electron microscopy allowed us to visualize heterogeneous population of EVs of various size and morphology including single EVs and EVs with internal membrane structures in samples from obese patients as well from the control group. Single vesicles prevailed (up to 85% for SAT, up to 75% for VAT) and higher proportion of EVs with internal membrane structures compared to SAT was typical for VAT. Decreased size of single and double SAT EVs compared to VAT EVs, large proportion of multilayered EVs and all EVs with internal membrane structures secreted by VAT distinguished obese patients with/without T2DM from the control group. These findings could support the idea of modified biogenesis of EVs during obesity and T2DM.
Collapse
|
19
|
Drack A, Rai A, Greening DW. Generation of Red Blood Cell Nanovesicles as a Delivery Tool. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2628:321-336. [PMID: 36781795 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2978-9_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are natural membranous vesicles with immense potential as drug delivery tools. However, their large-scale production remains a huge technical challenge, is time consuming, and expensive. Thus, EV mimetics (nanovesicles) generated from easily sourced red blood cells (RBCs) have gained vested interest as an effective and scalable drug delivery system. Their surface proteins (e.g., CD47) inherited from parental RBCs also improve their biocompatibility and bioavailability. Here, we outline a step-by-step guide for large-scale production of RBC nanovesicles using one-step extrusion method coupled to rapid density-cushion centrifugation. We also outline protocol for their extensive biophysical characterization (size and morphology using single particle analysis and cryogenic electron microscopy), and in-depth mass spectrometry-based proteome characterization. Finally, we outline two strategies (active loading during extrusion vs. passive loading via diffusion) to incorporate pharmacological compound(s) into nanovesicles and detect their loading using spectrophotometry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Auriane Drack
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Alin Rai
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Baker Department of Cardiovascular Research, Translation and Implementation, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - David W Greening
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Baker Department of Cardiovascular Research, Translation and Implementation, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Hasan MR, Hellesø OG. Metasurface supporting quasi-BIC for optical trapping and Raman-spectroscopy of biological nanoparticles. Opt Express 2023; 31:6782-6795. [PMID: 36823928 DOI: 10.1364/oe.473064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Optical trapping combined with Raman spectroscopy have opened new possibilities for analyzing biological nanoparticles. Conventional optical tweezers have proven successful for trapping of a single or a few particles. However, the method is slow and cannot be used for the smallest particles. Thus, it is not adapted to analyze a large number of nanoparticles, which is necessary to get statistically valid data. Here, we propose quasi-bound states in the continuum (quasi-BICs) in a silicon nitride (Si3N4) metasurface to trap smaller particles and many simultaneously. The quasi-BIC metasurface contains multiple zones with high field-enhancement ('hotspots') at a wavelength of 785 nm, where a single nanoparticle can be trapped at each hotspot. We numerically investigate the optical trapping of a type of biological nanoparticles, namely extracellular vesicles (EVs), and study how their presence influences the resonance behavior of the quasi-BIC. It is found that perturbation theory and a semi-analytical expression give good estimates for the resonance wavelength and minimum of the potential well, as a function of the particle radius. This wavelength is slightly shifted relative to the resonance of the metasurface without trapped particles. The simulations show that the Q-factor can be increased by using a thin metasurface. The thickness of the layer and the asymmetry of the unit cell can thus be used to get a high Q-factor. Our findings show the tight fabrication tolerances necessary to make the metasurface. If these can be overcome, the proposed metasurface can be used for a lab-on-a-chip for mass-analysis of biological nanoparticles.
Collapse
|
21
|
Mangolini V, Gualerzi A, Picciolini S, Rodà F, Del Prete A, Forleo L, Rossetto RA, Bedoni M. Biochemical Characterization of Human Salivary Extracellular Vesicles as a Valuable Source of Biomarkers. Biology (Basel) 2023; 12:biology12020227. [PMID: 36829504 PMCID: PMC9953587 DOI: 10.3390/biology12020227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are natural nanoparticles secreted under physiological and pathological conditions. Thanks to their diagnostic potential, EVs are increasingly being studied as biomarkers of a variety of diseases, including neurological disorders. To date, most studies on EV biomarkers use blood as the source, despite different disadvantages that may cause an impure isolation of the EVs. In the present article, we propose the use of saliva as a valuable source of EVs that could be studied as biomarkers in an easily accessible biofluid. Using a comparable protocol for the isolation of EVs from both liquid biopsies, salivary EVs showed greater purity in terms of co-isolates (evaluated by nanoparticle tracking analysis and Conan test). In addition, Raman spectroscopy was used for the identification of the overall biochemical composition of EVs coming from the two different biofluids. Even considering the limited amount of EVs that can be isolated from saliva, the use of Raman spectroscopy was not hampered, and it was able to provide a comprehensive characterization of EVs in a high throughput and repeatable manner. Raman spectroscopy can thus represent a turning point in the application of salivary EVs in clinics, taking advantage of the simple method of collection of the liquid biopsy and of the quick, sensitive and label-free biophotonics-based approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Mangolini
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, 20148 Milano, Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Brescia, 25122 Brescia, Italy
| | - Alice Gualerzi
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, 20148 Milano, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.G.); (M.B.)
| | | | - Francesca Rodà
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, 20148 Milano, Italy
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 42100 Modena, Italy
| | | | - Luana Forleo
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, 20148 Milano, Italy
| | | | - Marzia Bedoni
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, 20148 Milano, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.G.); (M.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Xu B, Chen Y, Peng M, Zheng JH, Zuo C. Exploring the potential of exosomes in diagnosis and drug delivery for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Int J Cancer 2023; 152:110-122. [PMID: 35765844 PMCID: PMC9796664 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a cancer of the digestive system, and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) accounts for approximately 90% of all PC cases. Exosomes derived from PDAC (PDAC-exosomes) promote PDAC development and metastasis. Exosomes are nanoscale vesicles secreted by most cells, which can carry biologically active molecules and mediate communication and cargo transportation among cells. Recent studies have focused on transforming exosomes into good drug delivery systems (DDSs) to improve the clinical treatment of PDAC. This review considers PDAC as the main research object to introduce the role of PDAC-exosomes in PDAC development and metastasis. This review focuses on the following two themes: (a) the great potential of PDAC-exosomes as new diagnostic markers for PDAC, and (b) the transformation of exosomes into potential DDSs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Biaoming Xu
- Department of Gastroduodenal and Pancreatic SurgeryTranslational Medicine Joint Research Center of Liver Cancer of Hunan University, Laboratory of Digestive Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya Medical School & Hunan Cancer Hospital, Central South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Yu Chen
- Institute of Pathogen Biology and Immunology of College of BiologyHunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, Hunan UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Mingjing Peng
- Department of Gastroduodenal and Pancreatic SurgeryTranslational Medicine Joint Research Center of Liver Cancer of Hunan University, Laboratory of Digestive Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya Medical School & Hunan Cancer Hospital, Central South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Jin Hai Zheng
- Institute of Pathogen Biology and Immunology of College of BiologyHunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, Hunan UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Chaohui Zuo
- Department of Gastroduodenal and Pancreatic SurgeryTranslational Medicine Joint Research Center of Liver Cancer of Hunan University, Laboratory of Digestive Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya Medical School & Hunan Cancer Hospital, Central South UniversityChangshaChina
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Qiu L, Liu X, Zhu L, Luo L, Sun N, Pei R. Current Advances in Technologies for Single Extracellular Vesicle Analysis and Its Clinical Applications in Cancer Diagnosis. Biosensors (Basel) 2023; 13:129. [PMID: 36671964 PMCID: PMC9856491 DOI: 10.3390/bios13010129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been regarded as one of the most potential diagnostic biomarkers for different cancers, due to their unique physiological and pathological functions. However, it is still challenging to precisely analyze the contents and sources of EVs, due to their heterogeneity. Herein, we summarize the advances in technologies for a single EV analysis, which may provide new strategies to study the heterogeneity of EVs, as well as their cargo, more specifically. Furthermore, the applications of a single EV analysis on cancer early diagnosis are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Qiu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
- Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xingzhu Liu
- Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Libo Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Liqiang Luo
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Na Sun
- Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Renjun Pei
- Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
De Sousa KP, Rossi I, Abdullahi M, Ramirez MI, Stratton D, Inal JM. Isolation and characterization of extracellular vesicles and future directions in diagnosis and therapy. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2023; 15:e1835. [PMID: 35898167 PMCID: PMC10078256 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a unique and heterogeneous class of lipid bilayer nanoparticles secreted by most cells. EVs are regarded as important mediators of intercellular communication in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells due to their ability to transfer proteins, lipids and nucleic acids to recipient cells. In addition to their physiological role, EVs are recognized as modulators in pathological processes such as cancer, infectious diseases, and neurodegenerative disorders, providing new potential targets for diagnosis and therapeutic intervention. For a complete understanding of EVs as a universal cellular biological system and its translational applications, optimal techniques for their isolation and characterization are required. Here, we review recent progress in those techniques, from isolation methods to characterization techniques. With interest in therapeutic applications of EVs growing, we address fundamental points of EV-related cell biology, such as cellular uptake mechanisms and their biodistribution in tissues as well as challenges to their application as drug carriers or biomarkers for less invasive diagnosis or as immunogens. This article is categorized under: Diagnostic Tools > Biosensing Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Infectious Disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karina P De Sousa
- Bioscience Research Group, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Izadora Rossi
- School of Human Sciences, London Metropolitan University, London, UK.,Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Mahamed Abdullahi
- School of Human Sciences, London Metropolitan University, London, UK
| | - Marcel Ivan Ramirez
- Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.,Carlos Chagas Institute (ICC), Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Dan Stratton
- Open University, The School of Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - Jameel Malhador Inal
- Bioscience Research Group, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hertfordshire, UK.,School of Human Sciences, London Metropolitan University, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Kishimoto T, Masui K, Minoshima W, Hosokawa C. Recent advances in optical manipulation of cells and molecules for biological science. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology C: Photochemistry Reviews 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2022.100554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
26
|
Suri K, D'Souza A, Huang D, Bhavsar A, Amiji M. Bacterial extracellular vesicle applications in cancer immunotherapy. Bioact Mater 2022; 22:551-566. [PMID: 36382022 PMCID: PMC9637733 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer therapy is undergoing a paradigm shift toward immunotherapy focusing on various approaches to activate the host immune system. As research to identify appropriate immune cells and activate anti-tumor immunity continues to expand, scientists are looking at microbial sources given their inherent ability to elicit an immune response. Bacterial extracellular vesicles (BEVs) are actively studied to control systemic humoral and cellular immune responses instead of using whole microorganisms or other types of extracellular vesicles (EVs). BEVs also provide the opportunity as versatile drug delivery carriers. Unlike mammalian EVs, BEVs have already made it to the clinic with the meningococcal vaccine (Bexsero®). However, there are still many unanswered questions in the use of BEVs, especially for chronic systemically administered immunotherapies. In this review, we address the opportunities and challenges in the use of BEVs for cancer immunotherapy and provide an outlook towards development of BEV products that can ultimately translate to the clinic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kanika Suri
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Anisha D'Souza
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA,Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 20115, USA
| | - Di Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA,Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 20115, USA
| | - Aashray Bhavsar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Mansoor Amiji
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA,Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA,Corresponding author. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Tang Q, Xiao X, Li R, He H, Li S, Ma C. Recent Advances in Detection for Breast-Cancer-Derived Exosomes. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196673. [PMID: 36235208 PMCID: PMC9571663 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common malignant tumor in women, its incidence is secret, and more than half of the patients are diagnosed in the middle and advanced stages, so it is necessary to develop simple and efficient detection methods for breast cancer diagnosis to improve the survival rate and quality of life of breast cancer patients. Exosomes are extracellular vesicles secreted by all kinds of living cells, and play an important role in the occurrence and development of breast cancer and the formation of the tumor microenvironment. Exosomes, as biomarkers, are an important part of breast cancer fluid biopsy and have become ideal targets for the early diagnosis, curative effect evaluation, and clinical treatment of breast cancer. In this paper, several traditional exosome detection methods, including differential centrifugation and immunoaffinity capture, were summarized, focusing on the latest research progress in breast cancer exosome detection. It was summarized from the aspects of optics, electrochemistry, electrochemiluminescence and other aspects. This review is expected to provide valuable guidance for exosome detection of clinical breast cancer and the establishment of more reliable, efficient, simple and innovative methods for exosome detection of breast cancer in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qin Tang
- School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Xinying Xiao
- School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Ranhao Li
- School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Hailun He
- School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Shanni Li
- School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
- Correspondence: (S.L.); (C.M.)
| | - Changbei Ma
- School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
- Correspondence: (S.L.); (C.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Delrue C, Speeckaert MM. The Potential Applications of Raman Spectroscopy in Kidney Diseases. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12101644. [PMID: 36294783 PMCID: PMC9604710 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12101644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Raman spectroscopy (RS) is a spectroscopic technique based on the inelastic interaction of incident electromagnetic radiation (from a laser beam) with a polarizable molecule, which, when scattered, carries information from molecular vibrational energy (the Raman effect). RS detects biochemical changes in biological samples at the molecular level, making it an effective analytical technique for disease diagnosis and prognosis. It outperforms conventional sample preservation techniques by requiring no chemical reagents, reducing analysis time even at low concentrations, and working in the presence of interfering agents or solvents. Because routinely utilized biomarkers for kidney disease have limitations, there is considerable interest in the potential use of RS. RS may identify and quantify urinary and blood biochemical components, with results comparable to reference methods in nephrology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Delrue
- Department of Nephrology, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marijn M. Speeckaert
- Department of Nephrology, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Research Foundation-Flanders (FWO), 1000 Brussels, Belgium
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +32-9-332-4509
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Guimarães CF, Cruz-Moreira D, Caballero D, Pirraco RP, Gasperini L, Kundu SC, Reis RL. Shining a Light on Cancer - Photonics in Microfluidic Tumor Modelling and Biosensing. Adv Healthc Mater 2022:e2201442. [PMID: 35998112 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202201442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Microfluidic platforms represent a powerful approach to miniaturizing important characteristics of cancers, improving in vitro testing by increasing physiological relevance. Different tools can manipulate cells and materials at the microscale, but few offer the efficiency and versatility of light and optical technologies. Moreover, light-driven technologies englobe a broad toolbox for quantifying critical biological phenomena. Herein, we review the role of photonics in microfluidic 3D cancer modeling and biosensing from three major perspectives. First, we look at optical-driven technologies that allow biomaterials and living cells to be manipulated with micro-sized precision and the opportunities to advance 3D microfluidic models by engineering cancer microenvironments' hallmarks, such as their architecture, cellular complexity, and vascularization. Second, we delve into the growing field of optofluidics, exploring how optical tools can directly interface microfluidic chips, enabling the extraction of relevant biological data, from single fluorescent signals to the complete 3D imaging of diseased cells within microchannels. Third, we review advances in optical cancer biosensing, focusing on how light-matter interactions can detect biomarkers, rare circulating tumor cells, and cell-derived structures such as exosomes. We overview photonic technologies' current challenges and caveats in microfluidic 3D cancer models, outlining future research avenues that may catapult the field. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos F Guimarães
- 3B's Research Group -Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of Minho, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Barco, Guimarães, 4805-017, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga and Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Daniela Cruz-Moreira
- 3B's Research Group -Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of Minho, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Barco, Guimarães, 4805-017, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga and Guimarães, Portugal
| | - David Caballero
- 3B's Research Group -Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of Minho, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Barco, Guimarães, 4805-017, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga and Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Rogério P Pirraco
- 3B's Research Group -Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of Minho, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Barco, Guimarães, 4805-017, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga and Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Luca Gasperini
- 3B's Research Group -Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of Minho, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Barco, Guimarães, 4805-017, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga and Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Subhas C Kundu
- 3B's Research Group -Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of Minho, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Barco, Guimarães, 4805-017, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga and Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Rui L Reis
- 3B's Research Group -Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of Minho, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Barco, Guimarães, 4805-017, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga and Guimarães, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Imanbekova M, Suarasan S, Lu Y, Jurchuk S, Wachsmann-Hogiu S. Recent advances in optical label-free characterization of extracellular vesicles. Nanophotonics 2022; 11:2827-2863. [PMID: 35880114 PMCID: PMC9128385 DOI: 10.1515/nanoph-2022-0057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are complex biological nanoparticles endogenously secreted by all eukaryotic cells. EVs carry a specific molecular cargo of proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids derived from cells of origin and play a significant role in the physiology and pathology of cells, organs, and organisms. Upon release, they may be found in different body fluids that can be easily accessed via noninvasive methodologies. Due to the unique information encoded in their molecular cargo, they may reflect the state of the parent cell and therefore EVs are recognized as a rich source of biomarkers for early diagnostics involving liquid biopsy. However, body fluids contain a mixture of EVs released by different types of healthy and diseased cells, making the detection of the EVs of interest very challenging. Recent research efforts have been focused on the detection and characterization of diagnostically relevant subpopulations of EVs, with emphasis on label-free methods that simplify sample preparation and are free of interfering signals. Therefore, in this paper, we review the recent progress of the label-free optical methods employed for the detection, counting, and morphological and chemical characterization of EVs. We will first briefly discuss the biology and functions of EVs, and then introduce different optical label-free techniques for rapid, precise, and nondestructive characterization of EVs such as nanoparticle tracking analysis, dynamic light scattering, atomic force microscopy, surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and SERS spectroscopy. In the end, we will discuss their applications in the detection of neurodegenerative diseases and cancer and provide an outlook on the future impact and challenges of these technologies to the field of liquid biopsy via EVs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meruyert Imanbekova
- Bioengineering, McGill University Faculty of Engineering, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sorina Suarasan
- Nanobiophotonics and Laser Microspectroscopy Center, Interdisciplinary Research Institute in Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babes-Bolyai University, T. Laurian 42, 400271, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Yao Lu
- Bioengineering, McGill University Faculty of Engineering, 3480 Rue Universite, 1006, Montreal, QC, H3C6W1, Canada
| | - Sarah Jurchuk
- Bioengineering, McGill University Faculty of Engineering, 3480 Rue Universite, Rm#350, Montreal, QC, H3A 0E9, Canada
| | - Sebastian Wachsmann-Hogiu
- Bioengineering, McGill University Faculty of Engineering, 3480 University St., MC362, Montreal, H3A 0E9l, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Zhang N, Chen H, Yang C, Hu X, Sun N, Deng C. Functionalized nanomaterials in separation and analysis of extracellular vesicles and their contents. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
32
|
Wang T, Xing Y, Cheng Z, Yu F. Analysis of Single Extracellular Vesicles for Biomedical Applications with Especial Emphasis on Cancer Investigations. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
33
|
Cong M, Tan S, Li S, Gao L, Huang L, Zhang HG, Qiao H. Technology insight: Plant-derived vesicles-How far from the clinical biotherapeutics and therapeutic drug carriers? Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 182:114108. [PMID: 34990792 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.114108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Within the past decades, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as important mediators of intercellular communication in both prokaryotes and higher eukaryotes to regulate a diverse range of biological processes. Besides EVs, exosome-like nanoparticles (ELNs) derived from plants were also emerging. Comparing to EVs, ELNs are source-widespread, cost-effective and easy to obtain. Their definite activities can be utilized for potential prevention/treatment of an abundance of diseases, including metabolic syndrome, cancer, colitis, alcoholic hepatitis and infectious diseases, which highlights ELNs as promising biotherapeutics. In addition, the potential of ELNs as natural or engineered drug carriers is also attractive. In this review, we tease out the timeline of plant EVs and ELNs, introduce the arising separation, purification and characterization techniques, state the stability and transport manner, discuss the therapeutic opportunities as well as the potential as novel drug carriers. Finally, the challenges and the direction of efforts to realize the clinical transformation of ELNs are also discussed.
Collapse
|
34
|
DiStefano TJ, Vaso K, Danias G, Chionuma HN, Weiser JR, Iatridis JC. Extracellular Vesicles as an Emerging Treatment Option for Intervertebral Disc Degeneration: Therapeutic Potential, Translational Pathways, and Regulatory Considerations. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2100596. [PMID: 34297485 PMCID: PMC8783929 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202100596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Emergent approaches in regenerative medicine look toward the use of extracellular vesicles (EVs) as a next-generation treatment strategy for intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration (IVDD) because of their ability to attenuate chronic inflammation, reduce apoptosis, and stimulate proliferation in a number of tissue systems. Yet, there are no Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved EV therapeutics in the market with an indication for IVDD, which motivates this article to review the current state of the field and provide an IVD-specific framework to assess its efficacy. In this systematic review, 29 preclinical studies that investigate EVs in relation to the IVD are identified, and additionally, the regulatory approval process is reviewed in an effort to accelerate emerging EV-based therapeutics toward FDA submission and timeline-to-market. The majority of studies focus on nucleus pulposus responses to EV treatment, where the main findings show that stem cell-derived EVs can decelerate the progression of IVDD on the molecular, cellular, and organ level. The findings also highlight the importance of the EV parent cell's pathophysiological and differentiation state, which affects downstream treatment responses and therapeutic outcomes. This systematic review substantiates the use of EVs as a promising cell-free strategy to treat IVDD and enhance endogenous repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tyler J. DiStefano
- Leni and Peter W. May Department of Orthopaedics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York NY, USA
| | - Keti Vaso
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Cooper Union for the Advancement of Science and Art, New York NY, USA
| | - George Danias
- Leni and Peter W. May Department of Orthopaedics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York NY, USA
| | - Henry N. Chionuma
- Leni and Peter W. May Department of Orthopaedics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York NY, USA
| | - Jennifer R. Weiser
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Cooper Union for the Advancement of Science and Art, New York NY, USA
| | - James C. Iatridis
- Leni and Peter W. May Department of Orthopaedics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Onishi T, Mihara K, Matsuda S, Sakamoto S, Kuwahata A, Sekino M, Kusakabe M, Handa H, Kitagawa Y. Application of Magnetic Nanoparticles for Rapid Detection and In Situ Diagnosis in Clinical Oncology. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14020364. [PMID: 35053527 PMCID: PMC8774179 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14020364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Screening, monitoring, and diagnosis are critical in oncology treatment. However, there are limitations with the current clinical methods, notably the time, cost, and special facilities required for radioisotope-based methods. An alternative approach, which uses magnetic beads, offers faster analyses with safer materials over a wide range of oncological applications. Magnetic beads have been used to detect extracellular vesicles (EVs) in the serum of pancreatic cancer patients with statistically different EV levels in preoperative, postoperative, and negative control samples. By incorporating fluorescence, magnetic beads have been used to quantitatively measure prostate-specific antigen (PSA), a prostate cancer biomarker, which is sensitive enough even at levels found in healthy patients. Immunostaining has also been incorporated with magnetic beads and compared with conventional immunohistochemical methods to detect lesions; the results suggest that immunostained magnetic beads could be used for pathological diagnosis during surgery. Furthermore, magnetic nanoparticles, such as superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs), can detect sentinel lymph nodes in breast cancer in a clinical setting, as well as those in gallbladder cancer in animal models, in a surgery-applicable timeframe. Ultimately, recent research into the applications of magnetic beads in oncology suggests that the screening, monitoring, and diagnosis of cancers could be improved and made more accessible through the adoption of this technology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Onishi
- Department of Breast Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital East, 6-5-1, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa 277-8577, Chiba, Japan;
| | - Kisyo Mihara
- Department of Surgery, Kawasaki Municipal Kawasaki Hospital, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210-0013, Kanagawa, Japan;
| | - Sachiko Matsuda
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-3-3353-1211
| | - Satoshi Sakamoto
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Kanagawa, Japan;
| | - Akihiro Kuwahata
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-05 Aoba, Aramaki-aza, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Miyagi, Japan;
| | - Masaki Sekino
- Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan;
| | - Moriaki Kusakabe
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Research Center for Food Safety, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan;
- Matrix Cell Research Institute Inc., 1-35-3 Kamikashiwada, Ushiku 300-1232, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Handa
- Department of Nanoparticle Translational Research, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan;
| | - Yuko Kitagawa
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan;
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Feng Q, Fan W, Ren W, Liu C. Recent Advances in Exosome Analysis Assisted by Functional Nucleic Acid-based Signal Amplification Technologies. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
37
|
Kamińska A, Roman M, Wróbel A, Gala-Błądzińska A, Małecki MT, Paluszkiewicz C, Stępień EŁ. Raman spectroscopy of urinary extracellular vesicles to stratify patients with chronic kidney disease in type 2 diabetes. Nanomedicine 2022; 39:102468. [PMID: 34619362 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2021.102468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we verified the hypothesis that Raman signature of urinary extracellular vesicles (UEVs) can be used to stratify patients with diabetes at various stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Patients with type 2 diabetes diagnosed with different stages of CKD and healthy subjects were enrolled in the study. UEVs were isolated using low-vacuum filtration followed by ultracentrifugation. Correlation analysis, multiple linear regression and principal component analysis were used to find differences between spectral fingerprints of UEVs derived from both groups of patients. Electron microscopy and nanoparticle tracking analysis were applied to characterize the size and morphology of UEVs. We observed significant correlations between selected Raman bands measured for UEVs and clinical parameters. We found significant differences in the area under the specific bands originating mainly from proteins and lipids between the study groups. Based on the tryptophan and amide III bands, we were able to predict the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Principal component analysis, partial least squares regression (PLSR) and correlation analysis of the UEV Raman spectra supported the results obtained from the direct analysis of Raman spectra. Our analysis revealed that PLSR and a regression model including tryptophan and amide III bands allows to estimate the value of eGFR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Kamińska
- Department of Medical Physics, M. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Maciej Roman
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Andrzej Wróbel
- Department of Medical Physics, M. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Gala-Błądzińska
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Endocrinology, Rzeszów, Poland; Medical College of Rzeszow University, Institute of Medical Sciences, Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Maciej T Małecki
- Department of Metabolic Diseases, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland; Department of Metabolic Diseases, University Hospital, Kraków, Poland.
| | | | - Ewa Ł Stępień
- Department of Medical Physics, M. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is a malignant bone tumor characterized by the direct production of osteoid tissue from tumor cells. Extracellular vesicles are membranous vesicles released by cells into the extracellular matrix, which exist widely in various body fluids and cell supernatants, and stably carry some important signaling molecules. They are involved in cell communication, cell migration, angiogenesis and tumor cell growth. Increasing evidence has shown that extracellular vesicles play a significant role in osteosarcoma development, progression, and metastatic process, indicating that extracellular vesicles can be use as biomarker vehicles in the diagnosis and prognosis of osteosarcoma. This review discusses the basic biological characteristics of extracellular vesicles and focuses on their application in osteosarcoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qifan Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Street Xinmin 71, China
| | - Jing Liu
- The first clinical medical college of Bin Zhou Medical College, Street Huanghe 661, China
| | - Bo Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Street Xinmin 71, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Street Xinmin 71, China
| | - Ye Jiang
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Street Xinmin 71, China
| | - Dong Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Street Xinmin 71, China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Saad MG, Beyenal H, Dong WJ. Exosomes as Powerful Engines in Cancer: Isolation, Characterization and Detection Techniques. Biosensors (Basel) 2021; 11:518. [PMID: 34940275 PMCID: PMC8699402 DOI: 10.3390/bios11120518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes, powerful extracellular nanovesicles released from almost all types of living cells, are considered the communication engines (messengers) that control and reprogram physiological pathways inside target cells within a community or between different communities. The cell-like structure of these extracellular vesicles provides a protective environment for their proteins and DNA/RNA cargos, which serve as biomarkers for many malicious diseases, including infectious diseases and cancers. Cancer-derived exosomes control cancer metastasis, prognosis, and development. In addition to the unique structure of exosomes, their nanometer size and tendency of interacting with cells makes them a viable novel drug delivery solution. In recent years, numerous research efforts have been made to quantify and characterize disease-derived exosomes for diagnosis, monitoring, and therapeutic purposes. This review aims to (1) relate exosome biomarkers to their origins, (2) focus on current isolation and detection methods, (3) discuss and evaluate the proposed technologies deriving from exosome research for cancer treatment, and (4) form a conclusion about the prospects of the current exosome research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Wen-Ji Dong
- The Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA; (M.G.S.); (H.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Chen C, Chen Q, Cheng K, Zou T, Pang Y, Ling Y, Xu Y, Zhu W. Exosomes and Exosomal Non-coding RNAs Are Novel Promises for the Mechanism-Based Diagnosis and Treatments of Atrial Fibrillation. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:782451. [PMID: 34926627 PMCID: PMC8671698 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.782451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia worldwide and has a significant impact on human health and substantial costs. Currently, there is a lack of accurate biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of AF. Moreover, the long-term efficacy of the catheter ablation in the AF is unsatisfactory. Therefore, it is necessary to explore new biomarkers and treatment strategies for the mechanism-based AF. Exosomes are nano-sized biovesicles released by nearly all types of cells. Since the AF would be linked to the changes of the atrial cells and their microenvironment, and the AF would strictly influence the exosomal non-coding RNAs (exo-ncRNAs) expression, which makes them as attractive diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for the AF. Simultaneously, the exo-ncRNAs have been found to play an important role in the mechanisms of the AF and have potential therapeutic prospects. Although the role of the exo-ncRNAs in the AF is being actively investigated, the evidence is still limited. Furthermore, there is a lack of consensus regarding the most appropriate approach for exosome isolation and characterization. In this article, we reviewed the new methodologies available for exosomes biogenesis, isolation, and characterization, and then discussed the mechanism of the AF and various levels and types of exosomes relevant to the AF, with the special emphasis on the exo-ncRNAs in the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of the mechanism-based AF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Wenqing Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Imanbekova M, Suarasan S, Rojalin T, Mizenko RR, Hilt S, Mathur M, Lepine P, Nicouleau M, Mohamed NV, Durcan TM, Carney RP, Voss JC, Wachsmann-Hogiu S. Identification of amyloid beta in small extracellular vesicles via Raman spectroscopy. Nanoscale Adv 2021; 3:4119-4132. [PMID: 34355118 PMCID: PMC8276787 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00330e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
One of the hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis is believed to be the production and deposition of amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptide into extracellular plaques. Existing research indicates that extracellular vesicles (EVs) can carry Aβ associated with AD. However, characterization of the EVs-associated Aβ and its conformational variants has yet to be realized. Raman spectroscopy is a label-free and non-destructive method that is able to assess the biochemical composition of EVs. This study reports for the first time the Raman spectroscopic fingerprint of the Aβ present in the molecular cargo of small extracellular vesicles (sEVs). Raman spectra were measured from sEVs isolated from Alzheimer's disease cell culture model, where secretion of Aβ is regulated by tetracycline promoter, and from midbrain organoids. The averaged spectra of each sEV group showed considerable variation as a reflection of the biochemical content of sEVs. Spectral analysis identified more intense Raman peaks at 1650 cm-1 and 2930 cm-1 attributable to the Aβ peptide incorporated in sEVs produced by the Alzheimer's cell culture model. Subsequent analysis of the spectra by principal component analysis differentiated the sEVs of the Alzheimer's disease cell culture model from the control groups of sEVs. Moreover, the results indicate that Aβ associated with secreted sEVs has a α-helical secondary structure and the size of a monomer or small oligomer. Furthermore, by analyzing the lipid content of sEVs we identified altered fatty acid chain lengths in sEVs that carry Aβ that may affect the fluidity of the EV membrane. Overall, our findings provide evidence supporting the use of Raman spectroscopy for the identification and characterization of sEVs associated with potential biomarkers of neurological disorders such as toxic proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sorina Suarasan
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University Montreal QC H3A 0E9 Canada
| | - Tatu Rojalin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis CA 95616 USA
| | - Rachel R Mizenko
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis CA 95616 USA
| | - Silvia Hilt
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, University of California Davis CA 95616 USA
| | - Meghna Mathur
- The Early Drug Discovery Unit (EDDU), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University Montreal QC H3A 2B4 Canada
| | - Paula Lepine
- The Early Drug Discovery Unit (EDDU), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University Montreal QC H3A 2B4 Canada
| | - Michael Nicouleau
- The Early Drug Discovery Unit (EDDU), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University Montreal QC H3A 2B4 Canada
| | - Nguyen-Vi Mohamed
- The Early Drug Discovery Unit (EDDU), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University Montreal QC H3A 2B4 Canada
| | - Thomas M Durcan
- The Early Drug Discovery Unit (EDDU), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University Montreal QC H3A 2B4 Canada
| | - Randy P Carney
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis CA 95616 USA
| | - John C Voss
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, University of California Davis CA 95616 USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Gualerzi A, Picciolini S, Carlomagno C, Rodà F, Bedoni M. Biophotonics for diagnostic detection of extracellular vesicles. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 174:229-249. [PMID: 33887403 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) are versatile carriers for biomarkers involved in the pathogenesis of multiple human disorders. Despite the increasing scientific and commercial interest in EV application in diagnostics, traditional biomolecular techniques usually require consistent sample amount, rely on operator-dependent and time- consuming procedures and cannot cope with the nano-size range of EVs, limiting both sensitivity and reproducibility of results. The application of biophotonics, i.e. light-based methods, for the diagnostic detection of EVs has brought to the development of innovative platforms with excellent sensitivity. In this review, we propose an overview of the most promising and emerging technologies used in the field of EV-related biomarker discovery. When tested on clinical samples, the reported biophotonic approaches in most cases have managed to discriminate between nanovesicles and contaminants, achieved much higher resolution compared to traditional procedures, and reached moderate to excellent diagnostic accuracy, thus demonstrating great potentialities for their clinical translation.
Collapse
|
43
|
Bordanaba-Florit G, Royo F, Kruglik SG, Falcón-Pérez JM. Using single-vesicle technologies to unravel the heterogeneity of extracellular vesicles. Nat Protoc 2021; 16:3163-3185. [PMID: 34135505 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-021-00551-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are heterogeneous lipid containers with a complex molecular cargo comprising several populations with unique roles in biological processes. These vesicles are closely associated with specific physiological features, which makes them invaluable in the detection and monitoring of various diseases. EVs play a key role in pathophysiological processes by actively triggering genetic or metabolic responses. However, the heterogeneity of their structure and composition hinders their application in medical diagnosis and therapies. This diversity makes it difficult to establish their exact physiological roles, and the functions and composition of different EV (sub)populations. Ensemble averaging approaches currently employed for EV characterization, such as western blotting or 'omics' technologies, tend to obscure rather than reveal these heterogeneities. Recent developments in single-vesicle analysis have made it possible to overcome these limitations and have facilitated the development of practical clinical applications. In this review, we discuss the benefits and challenges inherent to the current methods for the analysis of single vesicles and review the contribution of these approaches to the understanding of EV biology. We describe the contributions of these recent technological advances to the characterization and phenotyping of EVs, examination of the role of EVs in cell-to-cell communication pathways and the identification and validation of EVs as disease biomarkers. Finally, we discuss the potential of innovative single-vesicle imaging and analysis methodologies using microfluidic devices, which promise to deliver rapid and effective basic and practical applications for minimally invasive prognosis systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Bordanaba-Florit
- Exosomes Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Spain.
| | - Félix Royo
- Exosomes Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergei G Kruglik
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, Laboratoire Jean Perrin, Paris, France
| | - Juan M Falcón-Pérez
- Exosomes Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Madrid, Spain. .,Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Di Santo R, Romanò S, Mazzini A, Jovanović S, Nocca G, Campi G, Papi M, De Spirito M, Di Giacinto F, Ciasca G. Recent Advances in the Label-Free Characterization of Exosomes for Cancer Liquid Biopsy: From Scattering and Spectroscopy to Nanoindentation and Nanodevices. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2021; 11:1476. [PMID: 34199576 PMCID: PMC8230295 DOI: 10.3390/nano11061476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes (EXOs) are nano-sized vesicles secreted by most cell types. They are abundant in bio-fluids and harbor specific molecular constituents from their parental cells. Due to these characteristics, EXOs have a great potential in cancer diagnostics for liquid biopsy and personalized medicine. Despite this unique potential, EXOs are not yet widely applied in clinical settings, with two main factors hindering their translational process in diagnostics. Firstly, conventional extraction methods are time-consuming, require large sample volumes and expensive equipment, and often do not provide high-purity samples. Secondly, characterization methods have some limitations, because they are often qualitative, need extensive labeling or complex sampling procedures that can induce artifacts. In this context, novel label-free approaches are rapidly emerging, and are holding potential to revolutionize EXO diagnostics. These methods include the use of nanodevices for EXO purification, and vibrational spectroscopies, scattering, and nanoindentation for characterization. In this progress report, we summarize recent key advances in label-free techniques for EXO purification and characterization. We point out that these methods contribute to reducing costs and processing times, provide complementary information compared to the conventional characterization techniques, and enhance flexibility, thus favoring the discovery of novel and unexplored EXO-based biomarkers. In this process, the impact of nanotechnology is systematically highlighted, showing how the effectiveness of these techniques can be enhanced using nanomaterials, such as plasmonic nanoparticles and nanostructured surfaces, which enable the exploitation of advanced physical phenomena occurring at the nanoscale level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Di Santo
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Roma, Italy; (R.D.S.); (S.R.); (A.M.); (G.N.); (M.P.); (F.D.G.)
| | - Sabrina Romanò
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Roma, Italy; (R.D.S.); (S.R.); (A.M.); (G.N.); (M.P.); (F.D.G.)
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Sezione di Fisica, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy
| | - Alberto Mazzini
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Roma, Italy; (R.D.S.); (S.R.); (A.M.); (G.N.); (M.P.); (F.D.G.)
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Sezione di Fisica, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy
| | - Svetlana Jovanović
- “Vinča” Institute of Nuclear Sciences—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Giuseppina Nocca
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Roma, Italy; (R.D.S.); (S.R.); (A.M.); (G.N.); (M.P.); (F.D.G.)
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche di Base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Gaetano Campi
- Rome International Centre Materials Science Superstripes RICMASS, via dei Sabelli 119A, 00185 Rome, Italy;
- Institute of Crystallography, CNR, via Salaria Km 29. 300, Monterotondo Stazione, 00016 Roma, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Papi
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Roma, Italy; (R.D.S.); (S.R.); (A.M.); (G.N.); (M.P.); (F.D.G.)
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Sezione di Fisica, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy
| | - Marco De Spirito
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Roma, Italy; (R.D.S.); (S.R.); (A.M.); (G.N.); (M.P.); (F.D.G.)
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Sezione di Fisica, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy
| | - Flavio Di Giacinto
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Roma, Italy; (R.D.S.); (S.R.); (A.M.); (G.N.); (M.P.); (F.D.G.)
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Sezione di Fisica, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy
| | - Gabriele Ciasca
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Roma, Italy; (R.D.S.); (S.R.); (A.M.); (G.N.); (M.P.); (F.D.G.)
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Sezione di Fisica, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Osei EB, Paniushkina L, Wilhelm K, Popp J, Nazarenko I, Krafft C. Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy to Characterize Different Fractions of Extracellular Vesicles from Control and Prostate Cancer Patients. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9050580. [PMID: 34065470 PMCID: PMC8161280 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9050580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-enclosed structures ranging in size from about 60 to 800 nm that are released by the cells into the extracellular space; they have attracted interest as easily available biomarkers for cancer diagnostics. In this study, EVs from plasma of control and prostate cancer patients were fractionated by differential centrifugation at 5000× g, 12,000× g and 120,000× g. The remaining supernatants were purified by ultrafiltration to produce EV-depleted free-circulating (fc) fractions. Spontaneous Raman and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) at 785 nm excitation using silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were employed as label-free techniques to collect fingerprint spectra and identify the fractions that best discriminate between control and cancer patients. SERS spectra from 10 µL droplets showed an enhanced Raman signature of EV-enriched fractions that were much more intense for cancer patients than controls. The Raman spectra of dehydrated pellets of EV-enriched fractions without AgNPs were dominated by spectral contributions of proteins and showed variations in S-S stretch, tryptophan and protein secondary structure bands between control and cancer fractions. We conclude that the AgNPs-mediated SERS effect strongly enhances Raman bands in EV-enriched fractions, and the fractions, EV12 and EV120 provide the best separation of cancer and control patients by Raman and SERS spectra.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Boateng Osei
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Member of Research Alliance “Health Technologies“, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany; (E.B.O.); (J.P.)
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe School of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Liliia Paniushkina
- Medical Center University Freiburg, Institute for Infection Prevention and Hospital Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (L.P.); (I.N.)
| | - Konrad Wilhelm
- Center for Surgery, Medical Center, Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany;
| | - Jürgen Popp
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Member of Research Alliance “Health Technologies“, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany; (E.B.O.); (J.P.)
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe School of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Irina Nazarenko
- Medical Center University Freiburg, Institute for Infection Prevention and Hospital Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (L.P.); (I.N.)
- German Cancer Consortium, Partner Site Freiburg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Krafft
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Member of Research Alliance “Health Technologies“, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany; (E.B.O.); (J.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-3641-206306
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Condrat CE, Varlas VN, Duică F, Antoniadis P, Danila CA, Cretoiu D, Suciu N, Crețoiu SM, Voinea SC. Pregnancy-Related Extracellular Vesicles Revisited. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3904. [PMID: 33918880 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22083904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small vesicles ranging from 20–200 nm to 10 μm in diameter that are discharged and taken in by many different types of cells. Depending on the nature and quantity of their content—which generally includes proteins, lipids as well as microRNAs (miRNAs), messenger-RNA (mRNA), and DNA—these particles can bring about functional modifications in the receiving cells. During pregnancy, placenta and/or fetal-derived EVs have recently been isolated, eliciting interest in discovering their clinical significance. To date, various studies have associated variations in the circulating levels of maternal and fetal EVs and their contents, with complications including gestational diabetes and preeclampsia, ultimately leading to adverse pregnancy outcomes. Furthermore, EVs have also been identified as messengers and important players in viral infections during pregnancy, as well as in various congenital malformations. Their presence can be detected in the maternal blood from the first trimester and their level increases towards term, thus acting as liquid biopsies that give invaluable insight into the status of the feto-placental unit. However, their exact roles in the metabolic and vascular adaptations associated with physiological and pathological pregnancy is still under investigation. Analyzing peer-reviewed journal articles available in online databases, the purpose of this review is to synthesize current knowledge regarding the utility of quantification of pregnancy related EVs in general and placental EVs in particular as non-invasive evidence of placental dysfunction and adverse pregnancy outcomes, and to develop the current understanding of these particles and their applicability in clinical practice.
Collapse
|
47
|
Affiliation(s)
- He Yan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Yutao Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Shibo Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Yong Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States.,University of Florida Health Cancer Center, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Liu T, Hooda J, Atkinson JM, Whiteside TL, Oesterreich S, Lee AV. Exosomes in Breast Cancer - Mechanisms of Action and Clinical Potential. Mol Cancer Res 2021; 19:935-945. [PMID: 33627501 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-20-0952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EV) are a heterogeneous group of cell-derived membrane vesicles comprising apoptotic bodies, microvesicles, and small EVs also called as exosomes. Exosomes when initially identified were considered as a waste product but the advancement in research techniques have provided insight into the important roles of exosomes in cell-cell communication, various biological processes and diseases, including cancer. As an important component of EVs, exosomes contain various biomolecules such as miRNAs, lipids, and proteins that largely reflect the characteristics of their parent cells. Notably, cancer cells generate and secrete many more exosomes than normal cells. A growing body of evidence suggests that exosomes, as mediators of intercellular cross-talk, play a role in tumorigenesis, cancer cell invasion, angiogenesis, tumor microenvironment (TME) formation, and cancer metastasis. As we gain more insights into the association between exosomes and cancer, the potential of exosomes for clinical use is becoming more intriguing. This review is focused on the role of exosomes in breast cancer, in terms of breast cancer biology, mechanism of action, potential as biomarkers, and therapeutic opportunities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiantong Liu
- Women's Cancer Research Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jagmohan Hooda
- Women's Cancer Research Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jennifer M Atkinson
- Women's Cancer Research Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Theresa L Whiteside
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Steffi Oesterreich
- Women's Cancer Research Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Adrian V Lee
- Women's Cancer Research Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. .,Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Sorrells JE, Martin EM, Aksamitiene E, Mukherjee P, Alex A, Chaney EJ, Marjanovic M, Boppart SA. Label-free characterization of single extracellular vesicles using two-photon fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy of NAD(P)H. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3308. [PMID: 33558561 PMCID: PMC7870923 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80813-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The heterogeneous nature of extracellular vesicles (EVs) creates the need for single EV characterization techniques. However, many common biochemical and functional EV analysis techniques lack single EV resolution. Two-photon fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) is widely used to functionally characterize the reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAD(P)H) in cells and tissues. Here, we demonstrate that FLIM can also be used to image and characterize NAD(P)H in single isolated EVs. EVs were isolated using standard differential ultracentrifugation techniques from multiple cell lines and imaged using a custom two-photon FLIM system. The presented data show that the NAD(P)H fluorescence lifetimes in isolated cell-derived EVs follow a wide Gaussian distribution, indicating the presence of a range of different protein-bound and free NAD(P)H species. EV NAD(P)H fluorescence lifetime distribution has a larger standard deviation than that of cells and a significantly different fluorescence lifetime distribution than the nuclei, mitochondria, and cytosol of cells. Additionally, changes in the metabolic conditions of cells were reflected in changes in the mean fluorescence lifetime of NAD(P)H in the produced EVs. These data suggest that FLIM of NAD(P)H could be a valuable tool for EV research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janet E Sorrells
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Elisabeth M Martin
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Edita Aksamitiene
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- GSK Center for Optical Molecular Imaging, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Prabuddha Mukherjee
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- GSK Center for Optical Molecular Imaging, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Aneesh Alex
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- GSK Center for Optical Molecular Imaging, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Eric J Chaney
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Marina Marjanovic
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- GSK Center for Optical Molecular Imaging, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Stephen A Boppart
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
- GSK Center for Optical Molecular Imaging, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
- Cancer Center at Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
- Carle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Davies OG, Powell S, Rickard JJS, Clancy M, Goldberg Oppenheimer P. Spectroscopic profiling variations in extracellular vesicle biochemistry in a model of myogenesis. J Tissue Eng 2021; 12:20417314211022092. [PMID: 34104390 PMCID: PMC8172953 DOI: 10.1177/20417314211022092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) hold value as accessible biomarkers for understanding cellular differentiation and related pathologies. Herein, EV biomarkers in models of skeletal muscle dormancy and differentiation have been comparatively profiled using Raman spectroscopy (RS). Significant variations in the biochemical fingerprint of EVs were detected, with an elevation in peaks associated with lipid and protein signatures during early myogenic differentiation (day 2). Principal component analysis revealed a clear separation between the spectra of EVs derived from myogenic and senescent cell types, with non-overlapping interquartile ranges and population median. Observations aligned with nanoparticle tracking data, highlighting a significant early reduction in EV concentration in senescent myoblast cultures as well as notable variations in EV morphology and diameter. As differentiation progressed physical and biochemical differences in the properties of EVs became less pronounced. This study demonstrates the applicability of RS as a high-resolution analytical method for profiling biochemical changes in EVs during early myogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Owen G. Davies
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Stephen Powell
- Physical Sciences for Health Doctoral Training Centre, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Jonathan JS Rickard
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratories, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Michael Clancy
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|