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Barathan M, Ng SL, Lokanathan Y, Ng MH, Law JX. The Profound Influence of Gut Microbiome and Extracellular Vesicles on Animal Health and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4024. [PMID: 38612834 PMCID: PMC11012031 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25074024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The animal gut microbiota, comprising a diverse array of microorganisms, plays a pivotal role in shaping host health and physiology. This review explores the intricate dynamics of the gut microbiome in animals, focusing on its composition, function, and impact on host-microbe interactions. The composition of the intestinal microbiota in animals is influenced by the host ecology, including factors such as temperature, pH, oxygen levels, and nutrient availability, as well as genetic makeup, diet, habitat, stressors, and husbandry practices. Dysbiosis can lead to various gastrointestinal and immune-related issues in animals, impacting overall health and productivity. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), particularly exosomes derived from gut microbiota, play a crucial role in intercellular communication, influencing host health by transporting bioactive molecules across barriers like the intestinal and brain barriers. Dysregulation of the gut-brain axis has implications for various disorders in animals, highlighting the potential role of microbiota-derived EVs in disease progression. Therapeutic approaches to modulate gut microbiota, such as probiotics, prebiotics, microbial transplants, and phage therapy, offer promising strategies for enhancing animal health and performance. Studies investigating the effects of phage therapy on gut microbiota composition have shown promising results, with potential implications for improving animal health and food safety in poultry production systems. Understanding the complex interactions between host ecology, gut microbiota, and EVs provides valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying host-microbe interactions and their impact on animal health and productivity. Further research in this field is essential for developing effective therapeutic interventions and management strategies to promote gut health and overall well-being in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muttiah Barathan
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (Y.L.); (M.H.N.)
| | - Sook Luan Ng
- Department of Craniofacial Diagnostics and Biosciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia;
| | - Yogeswaran Lokanathan
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (Y.L.); (M.H.N.)
| | - Min Hwei Ng
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (Y.L.); (M.H.N.)
| | - Jia Xian Law
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (Y.L.); (M.H.N.)
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Wu H, Ma W, Wang Y, Wang Y, Sun X, Zheng Q. Gut microbiome-metabolites axis: A friend or foe to colorectal cancer progression. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 173:116410. [PMID: 38460373 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024] Open
Abstract
An expanding corpus of research robustly substantiates the complex interrelation between gut microbiota and the onset, progression, and metastasis of colorectal cancer. Investigations in both animal models and human subjects have consistently underscored the role of gut bacteria in a variety of metabolic activities, driven by dietary intake. These activities include amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate fermentation, and the generation and regulation of bile acids. These metabolic derivatives, in turn, have been identified as significant contributors to the progression of colorectal cancer. This thorough review meticulously explores the dynamic interaction between gut bacteria and metabolites derived from the breakdown of amino acids, fatty acid metabolism, and bile acid synthesis. Notably, bile acids have been recognized for their potential carcinogenic properties, which may expedite tumor development. Extensive research has revealed a reciprocal influence of gut microbiota on the intricate spectrum of colorectal cancer pathologies. Furthermore, strategies to modulate gut microbiota, such as dietary modifications or probiotic supplementation, may offer promising avenues for both the prevention and adjunctive treatment of colorectal cancer. Nevertheless, additional research is imperative to corroborate these findings and enhance our comprehension of the underlying mechanisms in colorectal cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wu
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medicine College, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Wenmeng Ma
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medicine College, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Yiyao Wang
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medicine College, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Department of anesthesiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Xun Sun
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medicine College, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China.
| | - Qianqian Zheng
- Department of Pathophysiology, Basic Medicine College, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China.
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Huang W, Hua Y, Wang F, Xu J, Yuan L, Jing Z, Wang W, Zhao Y. Dietary betaine and/or TMAO affect hepatic lipid accumulation and glycometabolism of Megalobrama amblycephala exposed to a high-carbohydrate diet. Fish Physiol Biochem 2024; 50:59-75. [PMID: 36580207 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-022-01160-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A 12-week experiment was conducted to explore the effects of betaine and/or TMAO on growth, hepatic health, gut microbiota, and serum metabolites in Megalobrama amblycephala fed with high-carbohydrate diets. The diets were as follows: CD group (control diet, 28.5% carbohydrate), HCD group (high-carbohydrate diet, 38.2% carbohydrate), HBD group (betaine-added diet, 38.3% carbohydrate + 1.2% betaine), HTD group (TMAO-added diet, 38.2% carbohydrate + 0.2% TMAO), and HBT group (diet added with both betaine and TMAO, 38.2% carbohydrate + 1.2% betaine + 0.2% TMAO). The results showed that the hepatosomatic index (HSI); whole-body crude fat; hepatic lipid accumulation; messenger RNA expression levels of gk, fpbase, g6pase, ahas, and bcat; serum branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs); ratio of Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes; and abundance of the genus Aeromonas were all significantly increased, while the abundance levels of the genus Lactobacillus and phyla Tenericutes and Bacteroidetes were drastically decreased in the HCD group. Compared with the HCD group, the HSI; whole-body crude fat; hepatic lipid accumulation; expression levels of fbpase, g6pase, pepck, ahas, and bcat; circulating BCAA; ratio of Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes; and abundance levels of the genus Aeromonas and phyla Tenericutes and Bacteroidetes were significantly downregulated in the HBD, HTD, and HBT groups. Meanwhile, the expression levels of pk were drastically upregulated in the HBD, HTD, and HBT groups as well as the abundance of Lactobacillus in the HBT group. These results indicated that the supplementation of betaine and/or TMAO in high-carbohydrate diets could affect the hepatic lipid accumulation and glycometabolism of M. amblycephala by promoting glycolysis, inhibiting gluconeogenesis and biosynthesis of BCAA, and mitigating the negative alteration of gut microbiota. Among them, the combination of betaine and TMAO had the best effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangwang Huang
- College of Fisheries Huazhong Agricultural University, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Yizhuo Hua
- College of Fisheries Huazhong Agricultural University, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Wang
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Xu
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, People's Republic of China
| | - Lv Yuan
- College of Fisheries Huazhong Agricultural University, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao Jing
- College of Fisheries Huazhong Agricultural University, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Weimin Wang
- College of Fisheries Huazhong Agricultural University, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhua Zhao
- College of Fisheries Huazhong Agricultural University, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China.
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Shateri Z, Makhtoomi M, Mansouri F, Rajabzadeh-Dehkordi M, Nouri M, Rashidkhani B. The association between empirical dietary inflammatory pattern and colorectal cancer risk: a case-control study. BMC Nutr 2023; 9:136. [PMID: 37996874 PMCID: PMC10666418 DOI: 10.1186/s40795-023-00797-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer in Iran. Inflammation plays an essential role in developing CRC. A dietary pattern called the empirical dietary inflammatory pattern (EDIP) has recently been designed based on the inflammatory potential of the diet. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the impact of EDIP on the risk of CRC. METHODS The current case-control study was conducted on 142 controls and 71 CRC cases in three general hospitals and Hospital Cancer Organization in Tehran, Iran. We calculated EDIP by a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. The association between EDIP and CRC were evaluated by logistic regression. The level of significance was p < 0.05. RESULTS The results revealed that people who were in the highest tertile of the EDIP had higher odds of CRC (in the adjusted model: odds ratio (OR) = 3.74; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.38-10.14; P = 0.011). CONCLUSION The present study demonstrated the potential role of dietary-induced inflammation in developing CRC. In the current study, an increase in the intake of red meat, processed meats, and refined grains was observed in the higher EDIP tertiles compared to the lower tertiles. Consequently, to decrease the risk of CRC, it is recommended to reduce the consumption of these foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zainab Shateri
- Department of Nutrition and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Maede Makhtoomi
- Students' Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mansouri
- Students' Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Milad Rajabzadeh-Dehkordi
- Students' Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mehran Nouri
- Students' Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Bahram Rashidkhani
- Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Kim MJ, Park J, Kang M, Jeong U, Jeong D, Kang NG, Hwang SJ, Youn SH, Hwang BK, Hyun Y, Kim D. Bacteria detection and species identification at the single-cell level using super-resolution fluorescence imaging and AI analysis. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 240:115603. [PMID: 37647686 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
The skin microbiome is thought to play a critical role in maintaining skin health and protecting against infection. While most microorganisms that live on the skin are harmless or even beneficial, some can cause skin infections or other health problems, emphasizing the importance of diagnosis of the composition and diversity of the skin flora. However, conventional diagnostic methods for evaluation of the skin microbiome are not sensitive enough to detect bacteria at low concentrations and suffer from poor specificity, thus limiting early diagnosis of bacterial infections. In this study, we developed novel approaches for bacterial species detection and identification methods with single-cell sensitivity using super-resolution microscopy and AI-based image analysis: a protein quantification-based method and an AI-based bacterial image analysis method. We demonstrate that these methods can differentiate between common bacterial members of the skin flora, including Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis, and different ribotypes of Cutibacterium acnes, both in purified bacterial samples and in scaling skin samples. The advantages of these methods, including the lack of time-consuming amplification or purification steps and single-cell level detection sensitivity, allow early diagnosis of bacterial infections, even from bacterial samples at extremely low concentrations, thus showing promise as a next-generation platform for microbiome detection as single-cell diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jeong Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinyong Park
- Department of Mathematics, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Minjae Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Uidon Jeong
- Department of Chemistry, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Dokyung Jeong
- Department of Chemistry, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Nae-Gyu Kang
- R&D Center, LG H&H Co., Ltd., Seoul, 07795, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Jin Hwang
- R&D Center, LG H&H Co., Ltd., Seoul, 07795, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hun Youn
- R&D Center, LG H&H Co., Ltd., Seoul, 07795, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Kyoung Hwang
- R&D Center, LG H&H Co., Ltd., Seoul, 07795, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonsuk Hyun
- Department of Mathematics, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Doory Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea; Research Institute for Convergence of Basic Science, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea; Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea; Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea.
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Somnuk S, Komindr S, Monkhai S, Poolsawat T, Nakphaichit M, Wanikorn B. Metabolic and inflammatory profiles, gut microbiota and lifestyle factors in overweight and normal weight young thai adults. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0288286. [PMID: 37450433 PMCID: PMC10348517 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity among young adults, especially those living in developing countries is increasing. A high body mass index (BMI) is one of the major causes of several diseases worldwide, constituting an important risk factor for non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Investigations describing the relationship between BMI, clinical and gut microbiota characteristics and lifestyle factors of overweight young adults, especially from Southeast Asian countries are limited. Metabolic and inflammatory biomarkers, fecal microbiota profiles and lifestyle factors were compared between overweight Thai young adults (n = 30, mean age 33 ± 9.48) and those with normal weight (n = 30, mean age 27 ±7.50). This study was registered with the Thai Clinical Trials Registry (TCTR20220204007). Health status including body composition, fasting glucose and insulin, lipid profiles, liver and kidney function, inflammatory biomarkers, blood pressure and fecal microbiota using 16S rRNA gene sequencing data was determined. Dietary intake was assessed using a 3-day dietary record and a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), with physical activity levels compared using the international physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ). The overweight group had significantly higher BMI, waist-hip ratio, body fat mass, % body fat, skeletal mass, triglyceride level, C-reactive protein, insulin and blood pressure, with lower levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and blood urea nitrogen compared to the normal weight group. Significant differences in fecal microbiota composition at the family and genus levels were observed between the two groups. In our clinical setting, we also observed that unhealthy diets with high consumption of food rich in fat and sugar, processed meat and alcohol, and physical inactivity were associated with an increased prevalence of overweight in Thai young adults. Results provided the big picture of health and lifestyle characteristics of overweight young Thai people. Young adults should be encouraged to engage in health-promoting activities that maintain healthy bodyweight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surasawadee Somnuk
- Department of Sports and Health Sciences, Faculty of Sports Science, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Surat Komindr
- Division of Nutrition and Biochemical Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sudjai Monkhai
- Wangnumkeaw Sub-district Health Promotion Hospital, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Thitirat Poolsawat
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Massalin Nakphaichit
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Bandhita Wanikorn
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Fettucciari K, Fruganti A, Stracci F, Spaterna A, Marconi P, Bassotti G. Clostridioides difficile Toxin B Induced Senescence: A New Pathologic Player for Colorectal Cancer? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098155. [PMID: 37175861 PMCID: PMC10179142 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Clostridioides difficile (C. difficile) is responsible for a high percentage of gastrointestinal infections and its pathological activity is due to toxins A and B. C. difficile infection (CDI) is increasing worldwide due to the unstoppable spread of C. difficile in the anthropized environment and the progressive human colonization. The ability of C. difficile toxin B to induce senescent cells and the direct correlation between CDI, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) could cause an accumulation of senescent cells with important functional consequences. Furthermore, these senescent cells characterized by long survival could push pre-neoplastic cells originating in the colon towards the complete neoplastic transformation in colorectal cancer (CRC) by the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Pre-neoplastic cells could appear as a result of various pro-carcinogenic events, among which, are infections with bacteria that produce genotoxins that generate cells with high genetic instability. Therefore, subjects who develop IBS and/or IBD after CDI should be monitored, especially if they then have further CDI relapses, waiting for the availability of senolytic and anti-SASP therapies to resolve the pro-carcinogenic risk due to accumulation of senescent cells after CDI followed by IBS and/or IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia Fettucciari
- Biosciences & Medical Embryology Section, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06129 Perugia, Italy
| | - Alessandro Fruganti
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62024 Matelica, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Stracci
- Public Health Section, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06129 Perugia, Italy
| | - Andrea Spaterna
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62024 Matelica, Italy
| | - Pierfrancesco Marconi
- Biosciences & Medical Embryology Section, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06129 Perugia, Italy
| | - Gabrio Bassotti
- Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Digestive Endoscopy Section, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06129 Perugia, Italy
- Gastroenterology & Hepatology Unit, Santa Maria Della Misericordia Hospital, 06129 Perugia, Italy
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Matei-Lațiu MC, Gal AF, Rus V, Buza V, Martonos C, Lațiu C, Ștefănuț LC. Intestinal Dysbiosis in Rats: Interaction between Amoxicillin and Probiotics, a Histological and Immunohistochemical Evaluation. Nutrients 2023; 15. [PMID: 36904107 DOI: 10.3390/nu15051105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal microbiota can be easily altered by common treatments, such as antibiotic therapy. However, the dysmicrobism induced by such a treatment may be counteracted by the administration of different beneficial microbes, such as probiotics. Therefore, this study aimed to establish the interaction between intestinal microbiota, antibiotic therapy, and sporulated bacteria, correlated with the evolution of growth indices. Twenty-five Wistar rats, females, were divided into five groups. Amoxicillin and a probiotic combination of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, and Pediococcus acidilactici were administered according to each group's purpose. The conventional growth indices were calculated and histological and immunohistochemical assessments were realized from intestinal samples. The results of the conventional growth indices suggested a beneficial effect when the antibiotic therapy was accompanied by probiotics, while for the groups where the dysmicrobism was present, the values for feed conversion ratio were negative. These findings were supported by the microscopic aspects of the intestinal mucosa, which suggested a decreased absorption capacity due to significant morphological changes. Moreover, the immunohistochemical reaction of the inflammatory cells from intestinal lamina propria was intensely positive for the same affected groups. However, for the control group and the group with antibiotic and probiotic treatment, the immunopositivity was significantly decreased. Probiotics based on bacillus spores administered simultaneously with the antibiotic offered the best restoration of the gut microbiota, a fact suggested by the absence of intestinal lesions, a normal food conversion ratio, and low expression of TLR4 and LBP immunomarkers.
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Yu J, Liu T, Guo Q, Wang Z, Chen Y, Dong Y. Disruption of the Intestinal Mucosal Barrier Induced by High Fructose and Restraint Stress Is Regulated by the Intestinal Microbiota and Microbiota Metabolites. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0469822. [PMID: 36719201 PMCID: PMC10100858 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04698-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Environmental (restraint stress) and dietary (high fructose) factors are key triggers for flares of inflammatory bowel disease; however, the mechanisms involved in this phenomenon are not fully elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the mechanisms by which restraint stress and high fructose damage the intestinal mucosal immune barrier. The feces of C57BL/6J mice were subjected to 16S rRNA and untargeted metabolome sequencing, and the intestinal histological structure was analyzed by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence staining. The mRNA and protein levels of the intestinal protein were analyzed by reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR), Western blotting, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The metabolites of the microbiota were tested in vitro, and Akkermansia muciniphila was used for colonization in vivo. Dietary fructose exacerbated the development of restraint stress, with an extensive change in the composition of the gut microbiota and microbial metabolites. The disturbance of the microbiota composition led to an increase in the abundance of histamine and a decrease in the abundance of taurine, which inhibited the expression of tight junction and MUC2 proteins, destroyed the function of NLRP6, and reduced intestinal autophagy level; this in turn disrupted the function of colonic goblet cells to secrete mucus, leading to defects in the intestinal mucosal barrier, which ultimately codrives colon autoinflammation. However, A. muciniphila supplementation counteracted damage to the intestinal mucosal barrier by high fructose and restraint stress. Therefore, the gut microbiota and microbiota metabolites play an important role in maintaining microenvironment homeostasis of the intestinal mucosal barrier. IMPORTANCE A high-fructose diet aggravated restraint stress-induced changes in the composition of the intestinal microbiome, in which the abundance of A. muciniphila was significantly increased. The high-fructose diet exacerbated restraint stress-induced the changes in the composition of the microbial metabolites, with taurine abundance being downregulated and histamine abundance upregulated. High fructose and restraint stress induced colonic mucosal immune barrier damage, possibly due to changes in the abundance of the microbial metabolites taurine and histamine. Colonization with A. muciniphila stimulated the expression of the NLRP6 inflammasome and activated autophagy in goblet cells, thereby producing more new mucins, which could protect the intestinal mucosal barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Yu
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tianlong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingyun Guo
- Milu Conservation Research Unit, Beijing Milu Ecological Research Center, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zixu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yaoxing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yulan Dong
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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10
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Pandey H, Tang DWT, Wong SH, Lal D. Gut Microbiota in Colorectal Cancer: Biological Role and Therapeutic Opportunities. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15030866. [PMID: 36765824 PMCID: PMC9913759 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second-leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. While CRC is thought to be an interplay between genetic and environmental factors, several lines of evidence suggest the involvement of gut microbiota in promoting inflammation and tumor progression. Gut microbiota refer to the ~40 trillion microorganisms that inhabit the human gut. Advances in next-generation sequencing technologies and metagenomics have provided new insights into the gut microbial ecology and have helped in linking gut microbiota to CRC. Many studies carried out in humans and animal models have emphasized the role of certain gut bacteria, such as Fusobacterium nucleatum, enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis, and colibactin-producing Escherichia coli, in the onset and progression of CRC. Metagenomic studies have opened up new avenues for the application of gut microbiota in the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of CRC. This review article summarizes the role of gut microbiota in CRC development and its use as a biomarker to predict the disease and its potential therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himani Pandey
- Redcliffe Labs, Electronic City, Noida 201301, India
| | - Daryl W. T. Tang
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232, Singapore
| | - Sunny H. Wong
- Centre for Microbiome Medicine, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232, Singapore
- Correspondence: (S.H.W.); (D.L.)
| | - Devi Lal
- Department of Zoology, Ramjas College, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
- Correspondence: (S.H.W.); (D.L.)
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11
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Miao Z, Miao Z, Liu M, Xu S. Melatonin ameliorates imidacloprid-induced intestinal injury by negatively regulating the PGN/P38MAPK pathway in the common carp (Cyprinuscarpio). Fish Shellfish Immunol 2022; 131:1063-1074. [PMID: 36375784 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Imidacloprid (IMI), one of the most frequently used neonicotinoid insecticides in agriculture, is resided in surface water worldwide and poses a threat to aquatic organisms. Melatonin (MT) provides effective protection against insecticide-induced toxicity, nevertheless, the toxic effects and whether MT attenuates intestinal injury caused by IMI exposure in the common carps remains poorly explored. Previous studies have reported adverse effects of IMI exposure on intestinal health status. Therefore, we first demonstrated that IMI altered the composition and function of the intestinal microbiota, destroying the integrity of intestinal ultrastructure, increasing intestinal permeability. Meanwhile, metagenomic sequencing and ELISA kits results hypothesized that peptidoglycan (PGN) is an IMI-triggered intestinal microbial metabolite. Subsequently, we thus further elucidated that IMI induced an increase in intestinal tight junction permeability by inducing PGN secretion in vitro model. MT addition dramatically attenuated IMI-induced intestinal toxicity by remitting PGN synthesis and thus resecuring tight junction permeability, thereby reducing intestinal injury. SB203580 was supplied as a P38MAPK inhibitor to alleviate the increased permeability of tight junctions induced by IMI/PGN. Therefore, these findings confirmed that MT protects against IMI-induced intestinal injury by negatively regulating PGN/P38MAPK pathway to antagonize the increased tight junction permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiruo Miao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Zhiying Miao
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Min Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China.
| | - Shiwen Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China; Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China.
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12
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Wang H, Hu J, Wu J, Ji P, Shang A, Li D. The Function and Molecular Mechanism of Commensal Microbiome in Promoting Malignant Progression of Lung Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:5394. [PMID: 36358812 PMCID: PMC9658664 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14215394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The human commensal microbiome existing in an internal environment is relatively consistent with that of the host. The presence of bacterial dysbiosis, on the other hand, promptly results in the termination of this symbiotic association. The altered microbial structure in the lung may be responsible for the development of lung cancer by controlling the host's inflammatory response and influencing a variety of immunological pathways. More and more studies have pointed to the fact that the commensal microbiota plays a vital role in both the development of tumors and the body's response to lung cancer treatment. Microbiome dysbiosis, genotoxicity, virulence effect, and epigenetic dysregulations are some of the potential mechanisms that may lie behind the process of tumorigenesis that is mediated by microbiome. Other potential mechanisms include regulating host immune activity through a variety of pathogenic factors, dysregulating host metabolism as a result of microbiome alterations, and microbiome dysbiosis. In this historical overview, we go through some of the more recent mechanistic discoveries into the biological processes that are involved in lung cancer that are caused by bacteria. Without a question, obtaining a greater knowledge of the dynamic link between the lung microbiome and lung cancer has the potential to inspire the development of innovative early detection and customized treatment methods for lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Anquan Shang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital of Tongji University School of Medicine, 389 Xincun Road, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Dong Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital of Tongji University School of Medicine, 389 Xincun Road, Shanghai 200065, China
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13
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Li Z, Zhang W, Su L, Huang Z, Zhang W, Ma L, Sun J, Guo J, Wen F, Mei K, El-Ashram S, Huang S, Zhao Y. Difference analysis of intestinal microbiota and metabolites in piglets of different breeds exposed to porcine epidemic diarrhea virus infection. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:990642. [PMID: 36386617 PMCID: PMC9665409 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.990642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbial composition of the Luchuan (LC) piglet, one of China’s native breeds, has rarely been studied, especially when compared to other breeds. This study developed a porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) infection model in LC and Largewhite (LW) piglets, and analyzed the patterns and differences of intestinal microbial communities and metabolites in piglets of these two breeds after infection. The diarrhea score, survival time, and distribution of viral antigens in the intestine of piglets infected with PEDV differed among breeds, with the jejunal immunohistochemistry score of LW piglets being significantly higher than that of LC piglets (P < 0.001). The results of 16S rRNA sequencing showed differences in microbial diversity and community composition in the intestine of piglets with different breeds between PEDV infection piglets and the healthy controls. There were differences in the species and number of dominant phyla and dominant genera in the same intestinal segment. The relative abundance of Shigella in the jejunum of LC piglets after PEDV infection was significantly lower than that of LW piglets (P < 0.05). The key microorganisms differed in the microbiota were Streptococcus alactolyticus, Roseburia faecis, Lactobacillus iners, Streptococcus equi, and Lactobacillus mucosae (P < 0.05). The non-targeted metabolite analysis revealed that intestinal metabolites showed great differences among the different breeds related to infection. Spearman correlation analysis was conducted to examine any links between the microbiota and metabolites. The metabolites in the intestine of different breeds related to infection were mainly involved in arginine biosynthesis, synaptic vesicle cycle, nicotinic acid and nicotinamide metabolism and mTOR signaling pathway, with significantly positive or negative correlations (P < 0.05) between the various microorganisms. This study provides a theoretical foundation for investigating the application of core microorganisms in the gut of piglets of different breeds in the digestive tracts of those infected with PEDV, and helps to tackle the antimicrobial resistance problem further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhili Li
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Wandi Zhang
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Langju Su
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Zongyang Huang
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | | | - Liangliang Ma
- Liaoning Agricultural Development Service Center, Shenyang, China
| | - Jingshuai Sun
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Jinyue Guo
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Feng Wen
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Kun Mei
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Saeed El-Ashram
- Faculty of Science, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Shujian Huang
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Yunxiang Zhao
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
- *Correspondence: Yunxiang Zhao,
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14
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Meng L, Xu M, Xing Y, Chen C, Jiang J, Xu X. Effects of Cigarette Smoke Exposure on the Gut Microbiota and Liver Transcriptome in Mice Reveal Gut–Liver Interactions. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:11008. [PMID: 36232309 PMCID: PMC9569613 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoke exposure has a harmful impact on health and increases the risk of disease. However, studies on cigarette-smoke-induced adverse effects from the perspective of the gut–liver axis are lacking. In this study, we evaluated the adverse effects of cigarette smoke exposure on mice through physiological, biochemical, and histopathological analyses and explored cigarette-smoke-induced gut microbiota imbalance and changes in liver gene expression through a multiomics analysis. We demonstrated that cigarette smoke exposure caused abnormal physiological indices (including reduced body weight, blood lipids, and food intake) in mice, which also triggered liver injury and induced disorders of the gut microbiota and liver transcriptome (especially lipid metabolism). A significant correlation between intestinal bacterial abundance and the expression of lipid-metabolism-related genes was detected, suggesting the coordinated regulation of lipid metabolism by gut microbiota and liver metabolism. Specifically, Salmonella (harmful bacterium) was negatively and positively correlated with up- (such as Acsl3 and Me1) and downregulated genes (such as Angptl4, Cyp4a12a, and Plin5) involved in lipid metabolism, while Ligilactobacillus (beneficial bacterium) showed opposite trends with these genes. Our results clarified the key role of gut microbiota in liver damage and metabolism and improved the understanding of gut–liver interactions caused by cigarette smoke exposure.
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15
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Liu Q, Sun W, Zhang H. Interaction of Gut Microbiota with Endocrine Homeostasis and Thyroid Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:2656. [PMID: 35681636 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14112656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in healthy individuals as well as in patients with thyroid diseases, including thyroid cancer. Although the prognosis of differentiated thyroid cancer is predictable, that of some poorly differentiated, medullary, and anaplastic thyroid cancers remains unpromising. As the interaction between the gut microbiota and thyroid cancer has been gradually revealed in recent years, the thyroid gland, a crucial endocrine organ, is shown to have a complex connection with the body's metabolism and is involved in inflammation, autoimmunity, or cancer progression. Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota and its metabolites can influence changes in hormone levels and susceptibility to thyroid cancer through multiple pathways. In this review, we focus on the interactions of the gut microbiota with thyroid function diseases and thyroid cancer. In addition, we also discuss some potential new strategies for the prevention and treatment of thyroid disease and thyroid cancer. Our aim is to provide some possible clinical applications of gut microbiota markers for early diagnosis, treatment, and postoperative management of thyroid cancer. These findings were used to establish a better multi-disciplinary treatment and prevention management strategy and to individualize the treatment of patients in relation to their gut microbiota composition and pathological characteristics.
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16
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Lv Y, Zhang Y, Feng J, Zhao T, Zhao J, Ge Y, Yang X, Han H, Zhang M, Chen L, Xu M, Guan F. (20R)-Panaxadiol as a Natural Active Component with Anti-Obesity Effects on ob/ob Mice via Modulating the Gut Microbiota. Molecules 2022; 27:2502. [PMID: 35458705 PMCID: PMC9032863 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27082502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is an important cause of diseases such as type 2 diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver and atherosclerosis. The use of ingredients extracted from traditional Chinese medicine for weight loss is now receiving more and more attention. Ginseng has been recorded since ancient times for the treatment of diabetes. The (20R)-Panaxadiol (PD) belongs to the ginseng diol type compounds, which are moderately bioavailable and may remain in the intestinal tract for a longer period of time. This study investigated the potential positive effect of PD in ob/ob mice and evaluated its effect against obesity. The ob/ob mice were administered PD for ten weeks. Our study showed that PD could improve obesity, glucose tolerance disorder, as well as gut dysbiosis. Panaxadiol decreased ob/ob mice’s Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B). Furthermore, 16S rRNA gene sequencing of the fecal microbiota suggested that PD changed the composition of the gut microbiota in ob/ob mice and modulated specific bacteria such as lactobacillus, prevotellace and so on. Moreover, PD improved the intestinal wall integrity. In conclusion, our results suggest that (20R)-Panaxadiol, as an active ingredient of the traditional Chinese medicinal herb ginseng, may improve obesity to some extent via improving gut microbiota
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17
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Talpur MZ, Peng W, Zeng Y, Xie P, Li J, Zhang H, Shu G, Jiang Q. Effects of phenylpyruvate on the growth performance and intestinal microbiota in broiler chicken. Br Poult Sci 2022; 63:670-679. [PMID: 35382668 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2022.2061330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
1. The purpose of this study was to see how dietary supplementation with phenylpyruvate affected broiler growth, slaughter performance, gut health microbiota and immunity. This information can be used to develop alternative approaches to antibiotic replacement in modern poultry production and health.2. A total of 288, one-day-old broiler chickens were randomly assigned to one of four groups (six replicates each replicate has 12 chickens). A control basal diet (NC), basal diet plus antibiotic virginiamycin 15ppm (PC), basal diet plus phenylpyruvate 1 kg/t or 2 kg/t, respectively (LCP and HCP).3. Results showed that the birds in the PC group had higher ADFI during the first 21 d, and better FCR than the NC group. Feeding LCP and HCP improved broilers' FCR by 0.001 and 0.037% compared to the NC group respectively. The HCP-fed group has a higher all-eviscerated ratio than the NC group and less abdominal fat than the birds fed LCP. The birds fed HCP has increased villus length and crypt depth in the ileum compared to the NC group.4. The bursa index was lower in the HCP group whereas the thymus index was lower in LCP and PC groups. In contrast, birds fed HCP has lower pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1, as well as lower TLR4. Phenylpyruvate improved number in the Selenomonadaceae, genus Megamonas bacteroides spp., which are known for their beneficial effects on the maintenance of the cell surface structure, regulating aromatic amino acids and Clostridia jejuni-suppressive treatment respectively.5. It was concluded that phenylpyruvate can be utilised in feed to improve growth performance and positively modulate gut microbiota. However, this was less efficient than antibiotics in improving growth performance, although more efficient in improving productive performance and gut morphology. Moreover, a high dose of phenylpyruvate is more effective than a low dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mir Zulqarnain Talpur
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou China
| | - Wentong Peng
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou China
| | - Yuxian Zeng
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou China
| | - Peipei Xie
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou China
| | - Jincheng Li
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou China
| | - Haijun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Gang Shu
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou China
| | - Qingyan Jiang
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou China
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18
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Zong S, Ye H, Ye Z, He Y, Zhang X, Ye M. Polysaccharides from Lachnum sp. Inhibited colitis-associated colon tumorigenesis in mice by modulating fecal microbiota and metabolites. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 108:108656. [PMID: 35390743 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
It is still uncertain whether the consumption of Lachnum sp. polysaccharides (LEP) alleviates colorectal cancer (CRC) through the gut microbiota. In this study, our efforts are focused on the influence of LEP on CRC, intestinal barrier and inflammation, and fecal microbiota and the metabolites, in azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced CRC mice. Results showed that LEP inhibited CRC mouse colon shortening and weight loss, decreased tumor incidence, restored intestinal barrier integrity, and reduced excessive inflammation. LEP consumption significantly altered microbiota overall structure and community, with reduced pernicious bacteria (such as Parabacteroides, Escherichia_Shigella, Desulfovibrio and Helicobacter), and increased beneficial bacterium (such as Alistipes, Alloprevotella and Ruminiclostridium). Fecal-metabolome profile indicated that a total of 43 metabolites were clearly changed, with 10 down-regulated and 33 up-regulated metabolites. In addition, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), including acetic acid, propionic acid and n-butyric acid, were significantly increased after LEP administration. Moreover, a strong correlation between the fluctuant gut microbiota and metabolites was found. These findings provided not only deeper insights into the responsibility of LEP for CRC alleviation, and but also the potential of LEP as a promising candidate for CRC prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zong
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yang Zhou 225127, China
| | - Hongling Ye
- School of Agriculture, Forestry and Fashion Technology, Anqing Vocational and Technical College, Anqing 246003, China
| | - Ziyang Ye
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Yaling He
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Xinmiao Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Ming Ye
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China.
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19
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Lai WD, Tung TH, Teng CY, Chang CH, Chen YC, Huang HY, Lee HC, Huang SY. Fish oil ameliorates neuropsychiatric behaviors and gut dysbiosis by elevating selected microbiota-derived metabolites and tissue tight junctions in rats under chronic sleep deprivation. Food Funct 2022; 13:2662-2680. [PMID: 35170619 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo00181k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Neuropsychiatric behaviors caused by sleep deprivation (SD) are severe public health problems in modern society worldwide. This study investigated the effect of fish oil on neuropsychiatric behaviors, barrier injury, microbiota dysbiosis, and microbiota-derived metabolites in SD rats. The rats subjected to SD had significantly elevated blood levels of corticosteroid and lipopolysaccharides and exhibited anxiety-like behavior in the open field test, depression-like behavior in the forced swim test, and cognitive impairment in the Morris water maize test. We observed that the upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines in the SD rats resulted in colonic epithelial barrier injury including a decreased number of goblet cells and increased expression of selected tight junction proteins in the gut and brain. The gut microbiome status revealed a significant decrease in the microbial diversity in the SD rats, especially in probiotics. By contrast, a fish oil-based diet reversed SD-induced behavioral changes and improved the epithelial barrier injury and dysbiosis of the microbiota in the colon. These findings could be attributable to the increase in probiotics and short-chain fatty acid (SCFAs) production, improvement in selected intestinal barrier proteins, increase in SCFA receptor expression, and decrease in blood circulation proinflammatory status due to fish oil supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-De Lai
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan.
| | - Te-Hsuan Tung
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan.
| | - Chu-Yun Teng
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan.
| | - Chia-Hsuan Chang
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan.
| | - Yang-Ching Chen
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan.,Department of Family Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110301, Taiwan.,Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Yu Huang
- Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan.,Nutrition Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Chien Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110301, Taiwan.,Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Yi Huang
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan.,Nutrition Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
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20
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Fabbri A, Bracci L. Immunomodulatory properties of CNF1 toxin from E. coli: implications for colorectal carcinogenesis. Am J Cancer Res 2022; 12:651-660. [PMID: 35261793 PMCID: PMC8899975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer death worldwide. The risk of developing CRC is influenced by both environmental and genetic factors. Recently, chronic inflammation and gut microbiota modifications have been associated with increased CRC risk. Escherichia coli belongs to the commensal intestinal flora and can become highly pathogenic following the acquisition of genes coding for virulence factors, such as the cytotoxic necrotizing factor type 1 (CNF1). Numerous reports highlight that, besides exerting direct effects on epithelial cells, CNF1 can also act on immune cells, modulating their responses and possibly contributing to disease development. In the present review, we summarized the key studies addressing the immunomodulatory functions of CNF1 and discussed the contribution that CNF1 can bring about to CRC through the creation of a pro-inflammatory microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Fabbri
- Department of Cardiovascular, Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di SanitàViale Regina Elena 299, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Bracci
- Departement of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di SanitàViale Regina Elena 299, Rome, Italy
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21
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Zhang S, Xu M, Sun X, Liu X, Choueiry F, Xu R, Shi H, Zhu J. Black raspberry extract shifted gut microbe diversity and their metabolic landscape in a human colonic model. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2022; 1188:123027. [PMID: 34864424 PMCID: PMC8752492 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2021.123027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Human gut microbiota is critical for human health, as their dysbiosis could lead to various diseases such as irritable bowel syndrome and obesity. Black raspberry (BRB) has been increasingly studied recently for its impact on gut microbiota as a rich source of phytochemicals (e.g., anthocyanin). To investigate the effect of BRB extract on the gut microbiota composition and their metabolism, an in-vitro human colonic model (HCM) was utilized to study the direct interaction between BRB and gut microbiome. Conditions (e.g., pH, temperature, anaerobic environment) in HCM were closely monitored and maintained to simulate the human intestinal system. Fresh fecal samples donated by three young healthy volunteers were used for gut microbiota inoculation in the HCM. 16S ribosomal DNA sequencing and liquid-chromatography mass spectrometry (LC/MS) based metabolomics were performed to study the impact of BRB on gut microbiota characteristics and their metabolism (fatty acids, polar metabolites, and phenolic compounds). Our data suggested that BRB intervention modulated gut microbiota at the genus level in different HCM sections mimicing ascending, transverse, and descending colons. Relative abundance of Enterococcus was commonly decreased in all colon sections, while modulations of other bacteria genera were mostly location-dependent. Meanwhile, significant changes in the metabolic profile of gut microbiota related to fatty acids, endogenous polar metabolites, and phenolic compounds were detected, in which arginine and proline metabolism, lysine degradation, and aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis were mostly regulated. Moreover, we identified several significant associations between altered microbial populations and changes in microbial metabolites. In summary, our study revealed the impact of BRB intervention on gut microbiota composition and metabolism change, which may exert physiological change to host metabolism and host health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqi Zhang
- Human Nutrition Program, Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Mengyang Xu
- Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA
| | - Xiaowei Sun
- Human Nutrition Program, Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Xuyu Liu
- Human Nutrition Program, Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Fouad Choueiry
- Human Nutrition Program, Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Rui Xu
- Human Nutrition Program, Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Haifei Shi
- Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA
| | - Jiangjiang Zhu
- Human Nutrition Program, Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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22
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Chadha S, Kumar A, Srivastava SA, Behl T, Ranjan R. Inulin as a Delivery Vehicle for Targeting Colon-Specific Cancer. Curr Drug Deliv 2021; 17:651-674. [PMID: 32459607 DOI: 10.2174/1567201817666200527133719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Natural polysaccharides, as well as biopolymers, are now days widely developed for targeting colon cancer using various drug delivery systems. Currently, healing conformations are being explored that can efficiently play a multipurpose role. Owing to the capability of extravagance colonic diseases with the least adverse effects, biopolymers for site specific colon delivery have developed an increased curiosity over the past decades. Inulin (INU) was explored for its probable application as an entrapment material concerning its degradation by enzymes in the colonic microflora and its drug release behavior in a sustained and controlled manner. INU is a polysaccharide and it consists of 2 to 1 linkage having an extensive array of beneficial uses such as a carrier for delivery of therapeutic agents as an indicative/investigative utensil or as a dietary fiber with added well-being aids. In the main, limited research, as well as information, is available on the delivery of therapeutic agents using inulin specifically for colon cancer because of its capability to subsist in the stomach's acidic medium. This exceptional steadiness and robustness properties are exploited in numerous patterns to target drugs securely for the management of colonic cancer, where they effectively act and kills colonic tumor cells easily. In this review article, recent efforts and inulin-based nano-technological approaches for colon cancer targeting are presented and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Chadha
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Arun Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | | | - Tapan Behl
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Rishu Ranjan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
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Kumar R, Harilal S, Carradori S, Mathew B. A Comprehensive Overview of Colon Cancer- A Grim Reaper of the 21st Century. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:2657-2696. [PMID: 33106132 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666201026143757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
A few decades ago, the incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) was low and is now the fourth in the list of deadly cancers producing nearly a million deaths annually. A population that is aging along with risk factors such as smoking, obesity, sedentary lifestyle with little or no physical activity, and non-healthy food habits of developed countries can increase the risk of colorectal cancer. The balance in gut microbiota and the metabolites produced during bacterial fermentation within the host plays a significant role in regulating intestinal diseases as well as colorectal cancer development. Recent progress in the understanding of illness resulted in multiple treatment options such as surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy, including targeted therapy and multitherapies. The treatment plan for CRC depends on the location, stage and grade of cancer as well as genomic biomarker tests. Despite all the advancements made in the genetic and molecular aspects of the disease, the knowledge seems inadequate as the drug action as well as the wide variation in drug response did not appear strongly correlated with the individual molecular and genetic characteristics, which suggests the requirement of comprehensive molecular understanding of this complex heterogeneous disease. Furthermore, multitherapies or a broad spectrum approach, which is an amalgamation of the various promising as well as effective therapeutic strategies that can tackle heterogeneity and act on several targets of the disease, need to be validated in clinical studies. The latest treatment options have significantly increased the survival of up to three years in the case of advanced disease. The fact that colorectal cancer is developed from a polypoid precursor, as well as the symptoms of the disease that occur at an advanced stage, underlines how screening programs can help early detection and decrease mortality as well as morbidity from CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Kumar
- Department of Pharmacy, Kerala University of Health Sciences, Thrissur, Kerala, India
| | - Seetha Harilal
- Department of Pharmacy, Kerala University of Health Sciences, Thrissur, Kerala, India
| | - Simone Carradori
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Bijo Mathew
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi-682 041, India
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Zeng H, Safratowich BD, Liu Z, Bukowski MR, Ishaq SL. Adequacy of calcium and vitamin D reduces inflammation, β-catenin signaling, and dysbiotic Parasutterela bacteria in the colon of C57BL/6 mice fed a western-style diet. J Nutr Biochem 2021; 92:108613. [PMID: 33705950 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2021.108613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Adoption of an obesogenic diet low in calcium and vitamin D (CaD) leads to increased obesity, colonic inflammation, and cancer. However, the underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated. We tested the hypothesis that CaD supplementation (from inadequacy to adequacy) may reduce colonic inflammation, oncogenic signaling, and dysbiosis in the colon of C57BL/6 mice fed a Western diet. Male C57/BL6 mice (4-weeks old) were assigned to 3 dietary groups for 36 weeks: (1) AIN76A as a control diet (AIN); (2) a defined rodent "new Western diet" (NWD); or (3) NWD with CaD supplementation (NWD/CaD). Compared to the AIN, mice receiving the NWD or NWD/CaD exhibited more than 0.2-fold increase in the levels of plasma leptin, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and body weight. The levels of plasma interleukin 6 (IL-6), inflammatory cell infiltration, and β-catenin/Ki67 protein (oncogenic signaling) were increased more than 0.8-fold in the NWD (but not NWD/CaD) group compared to the AIN group. Consistent with the inflammatory phenotype, colonic secondary bile acid (inflammatory bacterial metabolite) levels increased more than 0.4-fold in the NWD group compared to the NWD/CaD and AIN groups. Furthermore, the abundance of colonic Proteobacteria (e.g., Parasutterela), considered signatures of dysbiosis, was increased more than four-fold; and the α diversity of colonic bacterial species, indicative of health, was decreased by 30% in the NWD group compared to the AIN and NWD/CaD groups. Collectively, CaD adequacy reduces colonic inflammation, β-catenin oncogenic signaling, secondary bile acids, and bacterial dysbiosis in mice fed with a Western diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huawei Zeng
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, North Dakota.
| | - Bryan D Safratowich
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, North Dakota
| | - Zhenhua Liu
- School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts
| | - Michael R Bukowski
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, North Dakota
| | - Suzanne L Ishaq
- School of Food and Agriculture, University of Maine, Orono, Maine
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Yin Y, Wang M, Gu W, Chen L. Intestine-specific FXR agonists as potential therapeutic agents for colorectal cancer. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 186:114430. [PMID: 33556338 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most malignant cancers in the world. A major cause of death in CRC patients is the limited therapeutic options in its advanced stages. The Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is a member of the nuclear superfamily, which is effective in slowing the progression of colorectal cancer in addition to its extraordinary role in regulating metabolic disorders. Due to the systemic side-effects caused by non-selective agonists, the intestine-restricted FXR agonists can induce a whole-body benefit without activating the hepatic FXR, suggesting intestinal FXR activation as a potentially safer therapy in the treatment of CRC. This review highlights the effects of FXR on the disturbed bile acid circulation and the carcinogenesis of CRC and with a specific emphasis on listing the functions of several intestinal-restricted FXR agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Yin
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Pudong New Area, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Mengge Wang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Pudong New Area, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wenjie Gu
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Pudong New Area, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Lili Chen
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Pudong New Area, Shanghai 201203, China.
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Mulualem DM, Agbavwe C, Ogilvie LA, Jones BV, Kilcoyne M, O'Byrne C, Boyd A. Metagenomic identification, purification and characterisation of the Bifidobacterium adolescentis BgaC β-galactosidase. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:1063-78. [PMID: 33427933 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-11084-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Members of the human gut microbiota use glycoside hydrolase (GH) enzymes, such as β-galactosidases, to forage on host mucin glycans and dietary fibres. A human faecal metagenomic fosmid library was constructed and functionally screened to identify novel β-galactosidases. Out of the 16,000 clones screened, 30 β-galactosidase-positive clones were identified. The β-galactosidase gene found in the majority of the clones was BAD_1582 from Bifidobacterium adolescentis, subsequently named bgaC. This gene was cloned with a hexahistidine tag, expressed in Escherichia coli and His-tagged-BgaC was purified using Ni2+-NTA affinity chromatography and size filtration. The enzyme had optimal activity at pH 7.0 and 37 °C, with a wide range of pH (4–10) and temperature (0–40 °C) stability. It required a divalent metal ion co-factor; maximum activity was detected with Mg2+, while Cu2+ and Mn2+ were inhibitory. Kinetic parameters were determined using ortho-nitrophenyl-β-d-galactopyranoside (ONPG) and lactose substrates. BgaC had a Vmax of 107 μmol/min/mg and a Km of 2.5 mM for ONPG and a Vmax of 22 μmol/min/mg and a Km of 3.7 mM for lactose. It exhibited low product inhibition by galactose with a Ki of 116 mM and high tolerance for glucose (66% activity retained in presence of 700 mM glucose). In addition, BgaC possessed transglycosylation activity to produce galactooligosaccharides (GOS) from lactose, as determined by TLC and HPLC analysis. The enzymatic characteristics of B. adolescentis BgaC make it an ideal candidate for dairy industry applications and prebiotic manufacture. Key points • Bifidobacterium adolescentis BgaC β-galactosidase was selected from human faecal metagenome. • BgaC possesses sought-after properties for biotechnology, e.g. low product inhibition. • BgaC has transglycosylation activity producing prebiotic oligosaccharides. Graphical Abstract ![]()
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27
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Zhang Y, Liang XF, He S, Chen X, Wang J, Li J, Zhu Q, Zhang Z, Li L, Alam MS. Effects of High Carbohydrate Diet-Modulated Microbiota on Gut Health in Chinese Perch. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:575102. [PMID: 33042089 PMCID: PMC7523390 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.575102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
High carbohydrate diet-induced damage in gut is linked to changes in gut permeability and microbiota. However, the mechanisms of action are not clear, especially in non-mammals. We performed the gut microbiota profiling in Chinese perch fed with different content of starch diets (0, 10, and 20%) by 16S rRNA sequencing. The gut permeability, metabolites, histological analysis, and inflammatory infiltration were evaluated. We found that gut microbial diversity, beneficial bacteria quantity, and lactic acid content were higher in C10 group than in the other groups. The lower level of gut microbial diversity was observed in C20 group, and mycoplasma was the overwhelmingly dominant species, but the butyric acid-producing bacteria and butyric acid level were significantly reduced. The gut permeability in C20 group was also increased due to the decreased mRNA expression levels of tight junction proteins caused by the butyric acid deficiency and gut lipid droplets accumulation. Then a large amount of LPS penetrated into the plasma, resulting in inflammation. These results suggested that high carbohydrate diet-induced damage in gut could be attributed to the endotoxemia, permeability, and gut microbiota, especially the role of mycoplasma and butyric acid-producing bacteria. In addition, predictive functional profiling of microbial communities by PICRUSt showed that C10 group enriched pathway related to membrane transport and down-regulated the pathways related to energy, coenzyme factor and vitamin metabolism, while C20 group exhibited reversed results. These data showed that the high-carbohydrate diet reversed the beneficial changes in gut microbial metabolism resulted from the medium-carbohydrate diet, and further demonstrated that microbiota played a key role in the gut damage caused by the high-carbohydrate diet. Our findings provide a reference for the targeted regulation of gut microbiota to mitigate the damage caused by the increase in starch content in fish feed (cost saving).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanpeng Zhang
- College of Fisheries, Chinese Perch Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Innovation Base for Chinese Perch Breeding, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, China
| | - Xu-Fang Liang
- College of Fisheries, Chinese Perch Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Innovation Base for Chinese Perch Breeding, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, China
| | - Shan He
- College of Fisheries, Chinese Perch Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Innovation Base for Chinese Perch Breeding, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, China
| | - Xu Chen
- College of Fisheries, Chinese Perch Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Innovation Base for Chinese Perch Breeding, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, China
| | - Jie Wang
- College of Fisheries, Chinese Perch Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Innovation Base for Chinese Perch Breeding, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiao Li
- College of Fisheries, Chinese Perch Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Innovation Base for Chinese Perch Breeding, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiangsheng Zhu
- College of Fisheries, Chinese Perch Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Innovation Base for Chinese Perch Breeding, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- College of Fisheries, Chinese Perch Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Innovation Base for Chinese Perch Breeding, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, China
| | - Lu Li
- College of Fisheries, Chinese Perch Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Innovation Base for Chinese Perch Breeding, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, China
| | - Muhammad Shoaib Alam
- College of Fisheries, Chinese Perch Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Innovation Base for Chinese Perch Breeding, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, China
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Cintio M, Scarsella E, Sgorlon S, Sandri M, Stefanon B. Gut Microbiome of Healthy and Arthritic Dogs. Vet Sci 2020; 7:vetsci7030092. [PMID: 32674496 PMCID: PMC7558702 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci7030092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies have underlined the interplay among host-microbiome and pathophysiological conditions of animals. Research has also focused specifically on whether and how changes in the gut microbiome have provoked the occurrence of pathological phenomena affecting cartilage and joints in humans and in laboratory animals. Here, we tried to evaluate the relationship between the gut microbiome and the hip and elbow arthritis in owned dogs. The study included 14 dogs suffering from chronic arthritis (AD) and 13 healthy dogs (HD). After the first visit and during the period of the study, the dogs, under the supervision of the owner, were fed a semi-moist complete diet supplemented with omega 3 fatty acids. Feces and blood samples were collected in the clinic at the first visit (T0) and after days (T45). The plasma C-reactive protein (CRP) was higher, and the serum vitamin B12 and folate concentrations were lower (p < 0.05) in the AD group in comparison to the HD group. Data of the fecal microbiome showed that the relative abundances of the genus Megamonas were higher in AD (p < 0.001), while the relative abundance of the families Paraprevotellaceae, Porphyromonadaceae, and Mogibacteriaceae was significantly lower in comparison to HD. The results of the study identified several bacterial groups that differed significantly in the fecal microbiome between healthy and diseased dogs. If the observed differences in fecal bacterial composition predispose dogs to hip and elbow arthritis or if these differences reflect a correlation with these conditions deserves further investigation.
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Cordeiro N, Freitas RHCN, Fraga CAM, Fernandes PD. Therapeutic Effects of Anti-Inflammatory N-Acylhydrazones in the Resolution of Experimental Colitis. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2020; 374:420-427. [PMID: 32546529 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.120.000074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases are caused by inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, which may or may not have a specific cause or pathogen. They affect millions of people around the world and there are still few effective treatments. The aim of this work is to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of the IKK-β inhibitor LASSBio-1524 and its three analogs, LASSBio-1760, LASSBio-1763, and LASSBio-1764, on mediator production and expression of inflammatory enzymes using experimental animal models of intestinal inflammatory diseases. Colitis was performed using two different models, which mimic Crohn disease (induced by dinitrobenzene acid) and ulcerative colitis (induced by sodium dextran sulfate) in mice. In both models, a therapeutic protocol with a daily dose of 1, 3, or 30 μmol/kg was performed. LASSBio-1524 and its three analogs reduced the secretion of tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, and IFN-γ and increased secretion of IL-10, protecting gastrointestinal homeostasis. All compounds reduced macro- and microscopic colonic damage caused by experimental colitis and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase expression in the colon, as well as leukocytosis and anemia resulting from the disease. Our data may suggest LASSBio-1524 and its analogs (LASSBio-1760, LASSBio-1763, and LASSBio-1764) as promising candidates for new prototypes designed to treat inflammatory bowel diseases. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Three new N-acylhydrazones were synthetized as analogs of LASSBio-1524. All new substances were evaluated in dextran sulfate- and dinitrobenzene acid-induced colitis, with LASSBio-1760, LASSBio-1762, and LASSBio-1763 presenting a significant effect in both models of colitis without toxic effects. The new substances could be considered as a new prototype for the development of new anti-inflammatory treatments of colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália Cordeiro
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Laboratório de Farmacologia da Dor e da Inflamação, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil (N.d.M.C., P.D.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Programa de Pós-graduação em Farmacologia e Química Medicinal, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil (N.d.M.C., P.D.F., C.A.M.F.); and Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Laboratório de Avaliação e Síntese de Substâncias Bioativas (LASSBio), Rio de Janeiro, Brasil (R.H.C.N.F., C.A.M.F.)
| | - Rosana Helena Coimbra Nogueira Freitas
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Laboratório de Farmacologia da Dor e da Inflamação, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil (N.d.M.C., P.D.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Programa de Pós-graduação em Farmacologia e Química Medicinal, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil (N.d.M.C., P.D.F., C.A.M.F.); and Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Laboratório de Avaliação e Síntese de Substâncias Bioativas (LASSBio), Rio de Janeiro, Brasil (R.H.C.N.F., C.A.M.F.)
| | - Carlos Alberto Manssour Fraga
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Laboratório de Farmacologia da Dor e da Inflamação, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil (N.d.M.C., P.D.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Programa de Pós-graduação em Farmacologia e Química Medicinal, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil (N.d.M.C., P.D.F., C.A.M.F.); and Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Laboratório de Avaliação e Síntese de Substâncias Bioativas (LASSBio), Rio de Janeiro, Brasil (R.H.C.N.F., C.A.M.F.)
| | - Patricia Dias Fernandes
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Laboratório de Farmacologia da Dor e da Inflamação, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil (N.d.M.C., P.D.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Programa de Pós-graduação em Farmacologia e Química Medicinal, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil (N.d.M.C., P.D.F., C.A.M.F.); and Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Laboratório de Avaliação e Síntese de Substâncias Bioativas (LASSBio), Rio de Janeiro, Brasil (R.H.C.N.F., C.A.M.F.)
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Li X, Liu Y, Wang Y, Li X, Liu X, Guo M, Tan Y, Qin X, Wang X, Jiang M. Sucralose Promotes Colitis-Associated Colorectal Cancer Risk in a Murine Model Along With Changes in Microbiota. Front Oncol 2020; 10:710. [PMID: 32582527 PMCID: PMC7286428 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sucralose is a calorie-free high-intensity artificial sweetener that is widely used in thousands of foods and beverages all over the world. Although it was initially regarded as a safe, inert food additive, its adverse effect on gut microbiota and health has drawn more and more attention as evidence accumulates. Studies by us and others revealed that sucralose exacerbated gut damage and inflammation in animal models for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including those for both ulcerative colitis, and Crohn's disease. Our study demonstrated that sucralose greatly aggravated dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis along with causing changes in gut microbiota, the gut barrier and impaired inactivation of digestive proteases mediated by deconjugated bilirubin. It is well-documented that IBD greatly increases the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC), the globally third-most-common cancer, which, like IBD, has a high rate in the developed countries. Azoxymethane (AOM)/DSS has been the most commonly used animal model for CRC. In this study, we further explored the effect of sucralose on tumorigenesis and the possible mechanism involved using the AOM/DSS mouse model. First, 1.5 mg/ml sucralose was included in the drinking water for 6 weeks to reach a relatively stable phase of impact on gut microbiota. Then, 10 mg/kg AOM was administered through intraperitoneal injection. Seven days later, 2.5% DSS was put in the drinking water for 5 days, followed by 2 weeks without DSS. The 5 days of DSS was then repeated, and the mice were sacrificed 6 weeks after AOM injection. The results showed that sucralose caused significant increases in the number and size of AOM/DSS-induced colorectal tumors along with changes in other parameters such as body and spleen weight, pathological scores, mortality, fecal β-glucuronidase and digestive proteases, gut barrier molecules, gut microbiota, inflammatory cytokines and pathways (TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, and TLR4/Myd88/NF-κB signaling), and STAT3/VEGF tumor-associated signaling pathway molecules. These results suggest that sucralose may increase tumorigenesis along with dysbiosis of gut microbiota, impaired inactivation of digestive protease, damage to the gut barrier, and exacerbated inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueting Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Heilongjiang Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Team in Higher Education Institutes for Infection and Immunity, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yuanli Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Heilongjiang Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Team in Higher Education Institutes for Infection and Immunity, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Heilongjiang Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Team in Higher Education Institutes for Infection and Immunity, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Heilongjiang Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Team in Higher Education Institutes for Infection and Immunity, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xinran Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Heilongjiang Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Team in Higher Education Institutes for Infection and Immunity, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Mengru Guo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Heilongjiang Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Team in Higher Education Institutes for Infection and Immunity, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yiwei Tan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Heilongjiang Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Team in Higher Education Institutes for Infection and Immunity, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaofa Qin
- GI Biopharma Inc., Westfield, NJ, United States
| | - Xiuhong Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Heilongjiang Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Team in Higher Education Institutes for Infection and Immunity, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Mingshan Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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Hu L, Jin L, Xia D, Zhang Q, Ma L, Zheng H, Xu T, Chang S, Li X, Xun Z, Xu Y, Zhang C, Chen F, Wang S. Nitrate ameliorates dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis by regulating the homeostasis of the intestinal microbiota. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 152:609-621. [PMID: 31811920 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) involves chronic inflammation, loss of epithelial integrity, and gastrointestinal microbiota dysbiosis. Effective therapies for IBD have not been established. Accordingly, in this study, we evaluated the effects of inorganic nitrate, a potent nitric oxide (NO) donor and microbiota regulator, in a mouse model of dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis. Mice were pretreated with NaNO3 (2 mM) in their drinking water for 5 days, and NaCl was used as a control. Feces were collected for microbiota analyses. The results showed that oral administration of dietary nitrate could maintained colon consistency, improved colon length, maintained body weight, decreased apoptosis in colon epithelial cells, and ameliorated inflammatory cell infiltration in both the colon and peripheral blood. Microbiota profiling revealed that nitrate regulated dysbiosis. Analysis of the top bacteria at the genus level showed that Bacteroidales_S24-7_group_unidentified, Lactobacillus, Bacteroides, and Prevotellaceae_UCG-001 decreased in the DSS group compared with that in the normal group, whereas Lactobacillus, Ruminococcaceae_UCG-014, and Prevotellaceae_UCG-001 were increased in the DSS + NaNO3 group compared with that in the DSS group. The enriched bacteria in the nitrate group included Gordonibacter, Ureaplasama, and Lachnospiraceae_UCG-006. Moreover, microbiota analysis revealed that nitrate could partially decrease the enriched metabolic pathways (p53 signaling pathway and colorectal cancer pathway) compared with that in the DSS and DSS + NaCl groups. Overall, these findings indicated that nitrate could ameliorate DSS-induced colitis by decreasing inflammation, reducing apoptosis, and regulating the microbiota by activation of the NO3-/NO2-/NO pathway. Nitrate might be a potential treatment for colitis patients in the future clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Hu
- Salivary Gland Disease Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China; Outpatient Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Luyuan Jin
- Salivary Gland Disease Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China; Department of general dentistry and emergency dental care, School of Stomatology, Capital medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Dengsheng Xia
- Salivary Gland Disease Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China; Department of general dentistry and emergency dental care, School of Stomatology, Capital medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, China
| | - Linsha Ma
- Salivary Gland Disease Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Zheng
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, China; Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Tiansong Xu
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, China
| | - Shimin Chang
- Salivary Gland Disease Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangchun Li
- Salivary Gland Disease Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Zhe Xun
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, China
| | - Yipu Xu
- Salivary Gland Disease Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China; Department of general dentistry and emergency dental care, School of Stomatology, Capital medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chunmei Zhang
- Salivary Gland Disease Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, China.
| | - Songlin Wang
- Salivary Gland Disease Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Capital Medical University School of Basic Medicine, Beijing, China.
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Aguzey HA, Gao Z, Haohao W, Guilan C, Zhengmin W, Junhong C, Li NZ. The Role of Arginine in Disease Prevention, Gut Microbiota Modulation, Growth Performance and the Immune System of Broiler Chicken – A Review. Annals of Animal Science 2020; 20:325-41. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2019-0081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The effect of dietary arginine on disease prevention, immune system modulation, the gut micro-biota composition and growth of broiler chicken was reviewed. The main aim of poultry production is the maximization of profit at the least possible cost. This objective can mainly be achieved by ensuring that there is no interference in growth or disease outbreak and by feeding chicken with the best possible level of nutrients. With the ban on antibiotic growth promoters, attention is shifted towards other nutrition methods to prevent diseases and promote growth. More attention is therefore given to protein diets in animal nutrition due to their importance as essential part of active biological compounds in the body, assisting in the breakdown of body tissue and helping in the physiological processes of the animal. Arginine plays important function in serving as building blocks of proteins and polypeptides. It performs other roles during the regulation of important biochemical functions such as maintenance, growth, reproduction and immunity. Arginine cannot be synthesized by the body so it has to be supplemented in the diet. When arginine is supplemented above the recommended level, the gut mucosa is protected, immunosuppression is alleviated, diseases like necrotic enteritis, infectious bursal disease and coccidiosis in broiler chickens are prevented. There is an improvement in growth resulting from the increase in intestinal absorption, barrier function and microbiota composition.
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Ognik K, Konieczka P, Mikulski D, Jankowski J. The effect of different dietary ratios of lysine and arginine in diets with high or low methionine levels on oxidative and epigenetic DNA damage, the gene expression of tight junction proteins and selected metabolic parameters in Clostridium perfringens-challenged turkeys. Vet Res 2020; 51:50. [PMID: 32264939 PMCID: PMC7140342 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-020-00776-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Two experiments were performed to investigate the effect of different ratios of arginine (Arg) to lysine (Lys) in diets with low (30% Lys; Experiment 1) and high (45% Lys; Experiment 2) methionine (Met) levels on selected metabolic parameters, oxidative and epigenetic DNA damage, and the mechanisms underlying intestinal barrier integrity in turkeys challenged with Clostridium perfringens. In each experiment, 108 one-day-old Hybrid Converter female turkeys were placed in 6 pens (18 birds per pen) and reared for 42 days. At 34, 36 and 37 days of age, half of the birds were subjected to C. perfringens challenge. A 3 × 2 factorial design with three levels of Arg relative to Lys (90, 100 and 110%; Arg90, Arg100 and Arg110, respectively) and C. perfringens infection (-, +) was employed. Challenging birds with C. perfringens increased lipid oxidation and the oxidation and methylation of DNA of intestinal mucosa, and down-regulated the activities of DNA-repairing enzymes. Neither the dietary treatment nor the challenge affected the markers of liver function or metabolism. Arg110 diets with the high Met level induced DNA oxidation and methylation whereas these processes were downregulated in birds fed Arg90 diets. The results indicate that Arg90 diets with high Met levels have a beneficial influence on the indicators of intestinal barrier integrity in turkeys with necrotic enteritis (NE). Despite the analyzed amino acid ratios interacted with the systems responsible for the maintenance of gut integrity in the host organism, this dietary intervention probably enabled birds to cope with NE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Ognik
- Department of Biochemistry and Toxicology, University of Life Sciences, 20-950, Lublin, Poland
| | - Paweł Konieczka
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719, Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Dariusz Mikulski
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Jan Jankowski
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719, Olsztyn, Poland
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Gong S, Ye T, Wang M, Wang M, Li Y, Ma L, Yang Y, Wang Y, Zhao X, Liu L, Yang M, Chen H, Qian J. Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula Kang Shuai Lao Pian Improves Obesity, Gut Dysbiosis, and Fecal Metabolic Disorders in High-Fat Diet-Fed Mice. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:297. [PMID: 32269525 PMCID: PMC7109517 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
High-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity is a risk factor for many metabolic disorders including cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and fatty liver disease. Although there are accumulating evidences supporting the assumption that regulating gut microbiota as well as its metabolic status is able to mitigate obesity, the inner relationship between the obesity-related gut microbiota and the relevant metabolites are not well defined. In current study, we applied a traditional herbal formula Kang Shuai Lao Pian (KSLP) to HFD-fed mice and evaluated its effect against obesity. Emphases were addressed on identifying profiles of gut microbiota and fecal metabolites with the aid of 16S rRNA gene sequencing and non-target fecal metabolomics techniques. We showed that KSLP could improve HFD-induced obesity, glucose tolerance disorder, as well as gut dysbiosis. In the gut, KSLP corrected the increased abundance of Firmicutes and Proteobacteria, increased ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes, and decreased abundance of Bacteroidetes caused by HFD. KSLP also reversed HFD-induced significant changes in the abundance of certain genus including Intestinimonas, Oscillibacter, Christensenellaceae_R-7_group, Ruminococcaceae_UCG-010, and Aliihoeflea. Pearson correlation analysis indicated that except for Ruminococcaceae_UCG-010, other four genera had positive correlations with obesity. In addition, 22 key fecal metabolites responding to KSLP treatment were identified. Pearson correlation analysis showed that those metabolites are intimately related to KSLP effective genera of Intestinimonas, Oscillibacter, and Christensenellaceae_R-7_group. Our results indicate that KSLP is a promising traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) applicable for individuals with HFD habit. Intestinimonas, Oscillibacter, and Christensenellaceae_R-7_group might be responsible for the regulatory effect of KSLP. Linking of obesity phenotypes with gut microbiota as well as fecal metabolites is therefore a powerful research strategy to reveal the mechanism of obesity and the targets of intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqing Gong
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tingting Ye
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meixia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Institute of Microbiology, Hangzhou, China.,NMPA Key Laboratory for Testing and Risk Warning of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Zhejiang Institute of Microbiology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengying Wang
- Chronic Disease Research Institute, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yufei Li
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lina Ma
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yulian Yang
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoping Zhao
- College of Preclinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Liu
- Technical Center, Chiatai Qingchunbao Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Hangzhou, China
| | - Min Yang
- Chronic Disease Research Institute, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Institute of Microbiology, Hangzhou, China.,NMPA Key Laboratory for Testing and Risk Warning of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Zhejiang Institute of Microbiology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Qian
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Zhang B, Li G, Shahid MS, Gan L, Fan H, Lv Z, Yan S, Guo Y. Dietary l-arginine supplementation ameliorates inflammatory response and alters gut microbiota composition in broiler chickens infected with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. Poult Sci 2020; 99:1862-74. [PMID: 32241466 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2019.10.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary arginine (Arg) supplementation on the inflammatory response and gut microbiota of broiler chickens subjected to Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. One hundred and forty 1-day-old Arbor Acres male birds were randomly assigned to a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement including diet treatment (with or without 0.3% Arg supplementation) and immunological stress (with or without S. typhimurium challenge). Samples were obtained at 7 D after infection (day 23). Results showed that S. typhimurium challenge caused histopathological and morphological damages, but Arg addition greatly reduced these intestinal injuries. S. typhimurium challenge elevated the levels of serum inflammatory parameters, including diamine oxidase, C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, IL-1β, IL-8, and lipopolysaccharide-induced tumor necrosis factor-alpha factor (LITNF) homolog. However, Arg supplementation decreased the serum procalcitonin, IL-1β, IL-8, and LITNF concentration. S. typhimurium challenge significantly increased jejunal IL-1β, IL-8, IL-10, and IL-17 mRNA expression and tended to upregulate IL-22 mRNA expression, but Arg supplementation remarkably reduced IL-8 mRNA expression, tended to downregulate IL-22 mRNA expression, and dramatically elevated IFN-γ and IL-10 mRNA expression. In addition, sequencing data of 16S rDNA indicated that the population of Proteobacteria phylum; Enterobacteriaceae family; Escherichia–Shigella, and Nitrosomonas genera; and Escherichia coli and Ochrobactrum intermedium species were more abundant, but the population of Rhodocyclaceae and Clostridiaceae_1 families and Candidatus Arthromitus genus were less abundant in the ileal digesta of birds with only S. typhimurium infection when compared with the controls. Treatment with Arg in birds subjected to S. typhimurium challenge increased the abundances of Firmicutes phylum, Clostridiaceae_1 family, Methylobacterium and Candidatus Arthromitus genera but decreased the abundance of Nitrosomonas genus and Rhizobium cellulosilyticum and Rubrobacter xylanophilus species as compared with the only S. typhimurium–challenged birds. In conclusion, Arg supplementation can alleviate intestinal mucosal impairment by ameliorating inflammatory response and modulating gut microbiota in broiler chickens challenged with S. typhimurium.
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Abstract
In animals, the gastrointestinal microbiota are reported to play a major role in digestion, nutrient absorption and the release of energy through metabolism of food. Therefore, microbiota may be a factor for association between diet and enteric diseases and oxidative stress. The gut microbial composition and concentration are affected by diet throughout the life of an animal, and respond rapidly and efficiently to dietary alterations, in particular to the use of prebiotics. Prebiotics, which play an important role in mammalian nutrition, are defined as dietary ingredients that lead to specific changes in both the composition and activity of the gastrointestinal microbiota through suppressing the proliferation of pathogens and by modifying the growth of beneficial microorganisms in the host intestine. A review of the evidence suggests possible beneficial effects of prebiotics on host intestinal health, including immune stimulation, gut barrier enhancement and the alteration of the gastrointestinal microbiota, and these effects appear to be dependent on alteration of the bacterial composition and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production. The production of SCFAs depends on the microbes available in the gut and the type of prebiotics available. The SCFAs most abundantly generated by gastrointestinal microbiota are acetate, butyrate and propionate, which are reported to have physiological effects on the health of the host. Nowadays, prebiotics are widely used in a range of food products to improve the intestinal microbiome and stimulate significant changes to the immune system. Thus, a diet with prebiotic supplements may help prevent enteric disease and oxidative stress by promoting a microbiome associated with better growth performance. This paper provides an overview of the hypothesis that a combination of ingestible prebiotics, chitosan, fructooligosaccharides and inulin will help relieve the dysbiosis of the gut and the oxidative stress of the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Gao
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Changsha, Hunan, China,Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China,National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production,
Changsha, Hunan 410125, China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Md A K Azad
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Changsha, Hunan, China,Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China,National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production,
Changsha, Hunan 410125, China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Han
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Changsha, Hunan, China,Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China,National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production,
Changsha, Hunan 410125, China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Wan
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Changsha, Hunan, China,Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China,National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production,
Changsha, Hunan 410125, China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - TieJun Li
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Changsha, Hunan, China,Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China,National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production,
Changsha, Hunan 410125, China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Pei LY, Ke YS, Zhao HH, Liu WZ, Wang L, Jia C, Shi MN, Fu QH, Cui J, Li SC. Regulatory effect of Garidisan on dysbiosis of the gut microbiota in the mouse model of ulcerative colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium. BMC Complement Altern Med 2019; 19:329. [PMID: 31752807 PMCID: PMC6873523 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2750-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a modern refractory disease, and its etiology has been difficult to discern. Studies have shown that UC is closely associated with the gut microbiota. Garidisan is composed of wild poppy and Artemisia frigida Willd and is commonly used for the treatment of UC in Inner Mongolia, China. In clinical settings, Garidisan has been found to treat UC effectively, with low recurrence. Previous studies have shown that Garidisan has a good therapeutic effect on mice with UC, but the therapeutic mechanism is still unclear. In this study, we investigated the regulatory effect of Garidisan on dysbiosis of the gut microbiota in a UC mouse model and explored the possible mechanism of the therapeutic effect of Garidisan on UC. Methods The UC mouse model was established by the dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) circulating free water drinking method, and the luminal contents were sampled under sterile conditions. High-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene V3 + V4 region of the luminal contents of the control group, model group, and Garidisan group was conducted, and clustering of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and species annotation were performed. The differences in species composition and microbial community structure between individual groups of samples were analyzed using MetaStat, LefSe, rank sum test, and Bayesian causal network analysis. Results The UC mouse model was successfully established and the sequencing results were of adequate quality. There were significant differences in the diversity of luminal contents between the control group, model group, and Garidisan group, and the differences between groups were greater than those within any group. The therapeutic effect of Garidisan on UC is attributed to the direct effect on the Lachnospiraceae family of bacteria. Conclusion Garidisan has a good regulatory effect on the gut microbiota, and Lachnospiraceae could be an important direct target of Garidisan for the treatment of UC.
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Omidi S, Ebrahimi M, Janmohammadi H, Moghaddam G, Rajabi Z, Hosseintabar-Ghasemabad B. The impact of in ovo injection of l-arginine on hatchability, immune system and caecum microflora of broiler chickens. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2019; 104:178-185. [PMID: 31587369 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The present article was conducted to evaluate the effect of in ovo injection of arginine on hatchability, immune system and caecum microflora of broiler chickens. For this reason, 300 fertile eggs were used in a completely randomized design with three experimental treatments. The experimental groups included: 1%-0.5% l-arginine (100 eggs), 2%-1% l-arginine (100 eggs), 3- control [included both sham control (injection of distilled water; 50 eggs) and control (no injection; 50 eggs)], which were injected on d 14 of incubation. After hatching, chicks of each experimental group (0.5% l-arginine, 1% l-arginine, and control groups) were randomly divided into four equal groups (as replicates) and reared for 30 days. Weight and feeding of chickens were recorded. Next, blood samples of chickens were collected on day 30 to evaluate antibody titre. Also, chickens were slaughtered on 24 and 30 days of the experiment to evaluate immune system organs and caecum microflora. Based on the results, in ovo injection of l-arginine had no significant effect on hatchability, body weight, antibody titre, spleen, bursa of Fabricius and thymus weight (p > .05). On the other hand, treatments significantly affected feed intake and feed conversion ratio (p < .05). As a novel finding, in ovo injection of l-arginine increased caecal Lactobacillus (p < .01), while decreasing Coliform and Escherichia Coli bacteria (p < .01). However, treatments did not influence caecal Enterococcus (p > .05). The overall results indicated that in ovo injection of 0.5% l-arginine had a better improving effect on caecal microflora and then considered as a recommended level of the present experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Omidi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Marziyeh Ebrahimi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hossein Janmohammadi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Gholamali Moghaddam
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zolfaghar Rajabi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
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Qi J, Yu J, Li Y, Luo J, Zhang C, Ou S, Zhang G, Yang X, Peng X. Alternating consumption of β-glucan and quercetin reduces mortality in mice with colorectal cancer. Food Sci Nutr 2019; 7:3273-3285. [PMID: 31660141 PMCID: PMC6804767 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The current dietary recommendations for disease prevention and management are scarce and are not well supported. Beta-glucan or quercetin in a diet can alleviate colorectal cancer (CRC) by regulating the gut microbiota and related genes, but the effects of alternating their consumption for routine ingestion during CRC occurrence remain unknown. This study investigated the effects of alternating the consumption of β-glucan and quercetin for routine ingestion on CRC development in mice. The mortality rate, colonic length, inflammatory cytokines, gut microbiota, and colonic epithelial gene expression in healthy and CRC mice that consumed normal and alternate diets were compared and studied. The results showed that alternating the consumption of β-glucan and quercetin (alternating among a β-glucan diet, a normal diet and a normal diet that was supplemented with quercetin) alleviated colon damage and reduced the mortality rate in CRC mice, with a reduction in mortality of 12.5%. Alternating the consumption of β-glucan and quercetin significantly decreased the TNF-α level, increased the relative abundance of Parabacteroides, and downregulated three genes (Hmgcs2, Fabp2, and Gpt) that are associated with inflammation and cancer. Alternating the consumption of some bioactive compounds, such as β-glucan and quercetin, in food can contribute to human health. This experiment provided some experimental evidence for the dietary recommendations for disease prevention and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiamei Qi
- Department of Food Science and EngineeringJinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Juntong Yu
- Department of Food Science and EngineeringJinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Yuetong Li
- Department of Food Science and EngineeringJinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Jianming Luo
- Department of Food Science and EngineeringJinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Food Science and EngineeringJinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Shiyi Ou
- Department of Food Science and EngineeringJinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Guangwen Zhang
- Department of Food Science and EngineeringJinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Xinquan Yang
- School of Life SciencesGuangzhou UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Xichun Peng
- Department of Food Science and EngineeringJinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
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Hu S, Yuan J, Xu J, Li X, Zhang G, Ma Q, Zhang B, Hu T, Song G. TNF-α and IFN-γ synergistically inhibit the repairing ability of mesenchymal stem cells on mice colitis and colon cancer. Am J Transl Res 2019; 11:6207-6220. [PMID: 31632588 PMCID: PMC6789221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be efficiently recruited to wound, inflammatory and tumor sites to repair and regenerate tissue. However, its role in colitis and colitis associated colon cancer is still controversial. This study was designed to evaluate the role and mechanisms of inflammatory cytokines-activated-MSCs in mice colitis and colon cancer. METHODS We selected two well-characterized pro-inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), to expand the inflammatory microenvironment of MSCs. The severity of colitis and colon cancer was evaluated by measuring colon length, Myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, Hematoxylin-eosin staining, Western Blot, Immunohistochemistry and Immunofluorescence. These techniques were also performed to analyze the mechanisms of inflammatory cytokines-activated-MSCs in mice colitis and colon cancer. Real-time PCR and Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) were used to measure the secretion of pro-inflammatory factors. RESULTS We found that the incubation of MSCs with TNF-α and IFN-γ aggravates colitis, where high levels of pro-inflammatory factors, such as interleukin (IL)-17, IL-8, IL-12, IL-1β, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, TNF-α and IFN-γ, were secreted. Furthermore, this phenomenon was associated with the activation of the nuclear factor-kappa-B (NF-κB)/Signal transducer and activator of transcription three (STAT3) pathway. In addition, our study demonstrated that TNF-α and IFN-γ pretreated MSCs synergistically exacerbated mice colon cancer, which was closely associated with angiogenesis. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these results indicate that TNF-α and IFN-γ pretreatment effectively inhibited the repair ability of MSCs and accelerated inflammation and tumor progression involving NF-κB/STAT3 pathway and angiogenesis-related factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoping Hu
- Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen UniversityXiamen 361102, China
- Zhangzhou Health Vocational CollegeZhangzhou 363000, China
| | - Jiahui Yuan
- Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen UniversityXiamen 361102, China
| | - Jiajia Xu
- Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen UniversityXiamen 361102, China
| | - Xiaomei Li
- Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen UniversityXiamen 361102, China
| | - Gongye Zhang
- Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen UniversityXiamen 361102, China
| | - Qiujuan Ma
- Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen UniversityXiamen 361102, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- Department of Basic Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen UniversityXiamen 361102, China
| | - Tianhui Hu
- Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen UniversityXiamen 361102, China
| | - Gang Song
- Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen UniversityXiamen 361102, China
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Sgambato D, Gimigliano F, De Musis C, Moretti A, Toro G, Ferrante E, Miranda A, De Mauro D, Romano L, Iolascon G, Romano M. Bone alterations in inflammatory bowel diseases. World J Clin Cases 2019; 7:1908-1925. [PMID: PMID: 31423424 PMCID: PMC6695530 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v7.i15.1908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are characterized by a multifactorial partially unknown etiology that involves genetic, immunological and environmental factors. Up to 50% of IBD patients experience at least one extraintestinal manifestation; among them is the involvement of bone density which is referred to as metabolic bone disease (MBD), including osteopenia and osteoporosis. Bone alterations in IBDs population appear to have a multifactorial etiology: Decreased physical activity, inflammation-related bone resorption, multiple intestinal resections, dietary malabsorption of minerals and vitamin D deficiency, genetic factors, gut-bone immune signaling interaction, steroid treatment, microbiota and pathogenic micro-organisms interaction, and dietary malabsorption of minerals, that, all together or individually, may contribute to the alteration of bone mineral density. This review aims to summarize the prevalence and pathophysiology of metabolic bone alterations in IBD subjects outlining the main risk factors of bone fragility. We also want to underline the role of the screening and prophylaxis of bone alterations in Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis patients and the importance of treating appropriately MBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dolores Sgambato
- Departments of Precision Medicine and Polyspecialistic Internal Medicine, University of Campania ‘‘Luigi Vanvitelli’’ and University Hospital, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Francesca Gimigliano
- Department of Physical and Mental Health, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Cristiana De Musis
- Departments of Precision Medicine and Polyspecialistic Internal Medicine, University of Campania ‘‘Luigi Vanvitelli’’ and University Hospital, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Antimo Moretti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties and Dentistry, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Toro
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties and Dentistry, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Emanuele Ferrante
- Departments of Precision Medicine and Polyspecialistic Internal Medicine, University of Campania ‘‘Luigi Vanvitelli’’ and University Hospital, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Agnese Miranda
- Departments of Precision Medicine and Polyspecialistic Internal Medicine, University of Campania ‘‘Luigi Vanvitelli’’ and University Hospital, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Domenico De Mauro
- Departments of Precision Medicine and Polyspecialistic Internal Medicine, University of Campania ‘‘Luigi Vanvitelli’’ and University Hospital, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Romano
- Surgical Digestive Endoscopy, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Giovanni Iolascon
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties and Dentistry, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Marco Romano
- Departments of Precision Medicine and Polyspecialistic Internal Medicine, University of Campania ‘‘Luigi Vanvitelli’’ and University Hospital, Naples 80131, Italy
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Gao T, Wang Z, Dong Y, Cao J, Lin R, Wang X, Yu Z, Chen Y. Role of melatonin in sleep deprivation-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction in mice. J Pineal Res 2019; 67:e12574. [PMID: 30929267 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal diseases caused by sleep deprivation (SD) are severe public health threats worldwide. This study focuses on the effect of melatonin on intestinal mucosal injury and microbiota dysbiosis in sleep-deprived mice. Mice subjected to SD had significantly elevated norepinephrine levels and decreased melatonin content in plasma. Consistent with the decrease in melatonin levels, we observed a decrease of antioxidant ability, down-regulation of anti-inflammatory cytokines and up-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines in sleep-deprived mice, which resulted in colonic mucosal injury, including a reduced number of goblet cells, proliferating cell nuclear antigen-positive cells, expression of MUC2 and tight junction proteins and elevated expression of ATG5, Beclin1, p-P65 and p-IκB. High-throughput pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA demonstrated that the diversity and richness of the colonic microbiota were decreased in sleep-deprived mice, especially in probiotics, including Akkermansia, Bacteroides and Faecalibacterium. However, the pathogen Aeromonas was markedly increased. By contrast, supplementation with 20 and 40 mg/kg melatonin reversed these SD-induced changes and improved the mucosal injury and dysbiosis of the microbiota in the colon. Our results suggest that the effect of SD on intestinal barrier dysfunction might be an outcome of melatonin suppression rather than a loss of sleep per se. SD-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction involved the suppression of melatonin production and activation of the NF-κB pathway by oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Gao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Animal Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zixu Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Animal Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yulan Dong
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Animal Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Cao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Animal Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Rutao Lin
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Animal Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xintong Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Animal Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengquan Yu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing, China
| | - Yaoxing Chen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Animal Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Zhong X, Surh YJ, Do SG, Shin E, Shim KS, Lee CK, Na HK. Baicalein Inhibits Dextran Sulfate Sodium-induced Mouse Colitis. J Cancer Prev 2019; 24:129-138. [PMID: 31360692 PMCID: PMC6619857 DOI: 10.15430/jcp.2019.24.2.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Baicalein is a bioactive flavone that is originally extracted from the root of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. This plant has long served as Chinese herbal medicine in the management of multiple diseases including inflammatory bowel diseases. Although it has been revealed that baicalein inhibits experimental colitis in mice, the molecular mechanisms still remain largely unrecognized. Methods The experimental colitis was induced in mice by 3% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in drinking water. The mice were given baicalein (10 or 25 mg/kg) by gavage for 7 days before and after DSS administration. Expression of COX-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and molecules involved in NF-κB signaling, such as inhibitor of κBα (IκBα), pIκBα, p65, and phospho-p65 was examined by Western blot analysis in the tissue of the mouse colon. Activity of IκB kinase β (IKKβ) was assessed by measuring the relative amount of radioactive γ-phosphate of ATP transferred to the IκBα substrate protein. The expression and phosphorylation of STAT3 and its target gene cyclin D1 were also measured. Results Baicalein prominently mitigated the severity of DSS-induced colitis in mice. It inhibited the expression of COX-2 and iNOS. Moreover, baicalein attenuated activity and phosphorylation of IKKβ and subsequent degradation of IκBα. Baicalein suppressed the phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of p65, resulting in a reduced DNA binding activity of NF-κB. Baicalein also suppressed the phosphorylation of STAT3 and expression of cyclin D1. Baicalein exhibited the synergistic effect on inhibition of COX-2 induced by DSS with curcumin, an ingredient of turmeric. Conclusions Protective effects of baicalein on DSS-induced colitis are associated with suppression of NF-κB and STAT3 signaling pathways, which may contribute to its cancer preventive effects on colon carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiancai Zhong
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Joon Surh
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | | | - Chong-Kil Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Hye-Kyung Na
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Knowledge-Based Services Engineering, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul, Korea
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Di Carlo P, Serra N, D'Arpa F, Agrusa A, Gulotta G, Fasciana T, Rodolico V, Giammanco A, Sergi C. The microbiota of the bilio-pancreatic system: a cohort, STROBE-compliant study. Infect Drug Resist 2019; 12:1513-1527. [PMID: 31354308 PMCID: PMC6578573 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s200378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The gut microbiota play an essential role in protecting the host against pathogenic microorganisms by modulating immunity and regulating metabolic processes. In response to environmental factors, microbes can hugely alter their metabolism. These factors can substantially impact the host and have potential pathologic implications. Particularly pathogenic microorganisms colonizing pancreas and biliary tract tissues may be involved in chronic inflammation and cancer evolution. Purpose: To evaluate the effect of bile microbiota on survival in patients with pancreas and biliary tract disease (PBD). Patients and Methods: We investigated 152 Italian patients with cholelithiasis (CHL), cholangitis (CHA), cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), gallbladder carcinoma (GBC), pancreas head carcinoma (PHC), ampullary carcinoma (ACA), and chronic pancreatitis (CHP). Demographics, bile cultures, therapy, and survival rates were analyzed in cohorts (T1 death <6 months; T2 death <12 months; T3 death <18 months, T3S alive at 18 months). Results: The most common bacteria in T1 were E. coli, K. pneumoniae, and P. aeruginosa. In T2, the most common bacteria were E. coli and P. aeruginosa. In T3, there were no significant bacteria isolated, while in T3S the most common bacteria were like those found in T1. E. coli and K. pneumoniae were positive predictors of survival for PHC and ACA, respectively. E. coli, K. pneumoniae, and P. aeruginosa showed a high percentage of resistant bacteria to 3CGS, aminoglycosides class, and quinolone group especially at T1 and T2 in cancer patients. Conclusions: An unprecedented increase of E. coli in bile leads to a decrease in survival. We suggest that some strains isolated in bile samples may be considered within the group of risk factors in carcinogenesis and/or progression of hepato-biliary malignancy. A better understanding of bile microbiota in patients with PBD should lead to a multifaceted approach to rapidly detect and treat pathogens before patients enter the surgical setting in tandem with the implementation of the infection control policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Di Carlo
- Department of Sciences for Health Promotion, Mother & Child Care, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Nicola Serra
- Statistic Unit, Department of Public Health, University of Naples 'Federico II', Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco D'Arpa
- Department of General Surgery and Emergency, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonino Agrusa
- Department of General Surgery and Emergency, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Gaspare Gulotta
- Department of General Surgery and Emergency, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Teresa Fasciana
- Department of Sciences for Health Promotion, Mother & Child Care, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Vito Rodolico
- Department of Sciences for Health Promotion, Mother & Child Care, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Anna Giammanco
- Department of Sciences for Health Promotion, Mother & Child Care, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Consolato Sergi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Stollery Children's Hospital, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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45
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Geagea AG, Rizzo M, Jurjus A, Cappello F, Leone A, Tomasello G, Gracia C, Al Kattar S, Massaad-Massade L, Eid A. A novel therapeutic approach to colorectal cancer in diabetes: role of metformin and rapamycin. Oncotarget 2019; 10:1284-1305. [PMID: 30863490 PMCID: PMC6407684 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The link between colorectal cancer (CRC), diabetes mellitus (DM) and inflammation is well established, and polytherapy, including rapamycin, has been adopted. This study is a novel approach that aimed at assessing the effect of a combination therapy of metformin and rapamycin on the control or prevention of CRC in diabetic animals, in presence or absence of probiotics. Fifty NOD/SCIDs male mice developed xenograft by inoculating HCT116 cells. They were equally divided into diabetics (induced by Streptozotocin) and non-diabetics. Metformin was given in drinking water, whereas rapamycin was administered via intra-peritoneal injections. Probiotics were added to the double therapy two weeks before the sacrifice. Assessment was performed by clinical observation, histological analysis, Reactive oxygen species (ROS) activities and molecular analysis of Interleukin 3 and 6, Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha, AMP-activated protein Kinase and the mammalian target of rapamycin. Decreases in the level of tumorigenesis resulted, to various extents, with the different treatment regimens. The combination of rapamycin and metformin had no significant result, however, after adding probiotics to the combination, there was a marked delay in tumor formation and reduction of its size, suppression of ROS and a decrease in inflammatory cytokines as well as an inhibition of phosphorylated mTOR. Existing evidence clearly supports the use of rapamycin and metformin especially in the presence of probiotics. It also highlighted the possible mechanism of action of the 2 drugs through AMPK and mTOR signaling pathways and offered preliminary data on the significant role of probiotics in the combination. Further investigation to clarify the exact role of probiotics and decipher in more details the involved pathways is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Gerges Geagea
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Manfredi Rizzo
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Abdo Jurjus
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Francesco Cappello
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnosis, School Of Medicine of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Angelo Leone
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnosis, School Of Medicine of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giovanni Tomasello
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnosis, School Of Medicine of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Céline Gracia
- Equipe Nouvelles Thérapies Anticancéreuses, UMR8203 CNRS, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Sahar Al Kattar
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | | | - Assaad Eid
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
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Reddavide R, Rotolo O, Caruso MG, Stasi E, Notarnicola M, Miraglia C, Nouvenne A, Meschi T, De' Angelis GL, Di Mario F, Leandro G. The role of diet in the prevention and treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Acta Biomed 2018; 89:60-75. [PMID: 30561397 PMCID: PMC6502201 DOI: 10.23750/abm.v89i9-s.7952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) – Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) – are chronic conditions characterised by relapsing inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. They represent an increasing public health concern and an aetiological enigma due to unknown causal factors. The current knowledge on the pathogenesis of IBD is that genetically susceptible individuals develop intolerance to a dysregulated gut microflora (dysbiosis) and chronic inflammation develops as a result of environmental triggers. Among the environmental factors associated with IBD, diet plays an important role in modulating the gut microbiome, and, consequently, it could have a therapeutic impact on the disease course. An overabundance of calories and some macronutrients typical of the Western dietetic pattern increase gut inflammation, whereas several micronutrients characteristic of the Mediterranean Diet have the potential to modulate gut inflammation, according to recent evidence. Immunonutrition has emerged as a new concept putting forward the role of vitamins such as vitamins A, C, E, and D, folic acid, beta carotene and trace elements such as zinc, selenium, manganese and iron. However, when assessed in clinical trials, specific micronutrients showed a limited benefit. Further research is required to evaluate the role of individual food compounds and complex nutritional interventions with the potential to decrease inflammation as a means of prevention and management of IBD. The current dietary recommendations for disease prevention and management are scarce and non evidence-based. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the complex interaction between diet, microbiome and immune-modulation in IBD, with particular focus to the role of the Mediterranean Diet as a tool for prevention and treatment of the disease. (www.actabiomedica.it)
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Reddavide
- National Institute of Gastroenterology "S. De Bellis" Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, Italy.
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Chen L, Jiang B, Zhong C, Guo J, Zhang L, Mu T, Zhang Q, Bi X. Chemoprevention of colorectal cancer by black raspberry anthocyanins involved the modulation of gut microbiota and SFRP2 demethylation. Carcinogenesis 2018; 39:471-481. [PMID: 29361151 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgy009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Freeze-dried black raspberry (BRB) powder is considered as a potential cancer chemopreventive agent. In this study, we fed azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-treated C57BL/6J mice with a diet containing BRB anthocyanins for 12 weeks, and this led to a reduction in colon carcinogenesis. These animals had consistently lower tumor multiplicity compared with AOM/DSS-treated mice not receiving BRB anthocyanins. In AOM/DSS-treated mice, the number of pathogenic bacteria, including Desulfovibrio sp. and Enterococcus spp., was increased significantly, whereas probiotics such as Eubacterium rectale, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Lactobacillus were dramatically decreased, but BRB anthocyanins supplement could reverse this imbalance in gut microbiota. BRB anthocyanins also caused the demethylation of the SFRP2 gene promoter, resulting in increased expression of SFRP2, both at the mRNA and protein levels. Furthermore, the expression levels of DNMT31 and DNMT3B, as well as of p-STAT3 were downregulated by BRB anthocyanins in these animals. Taken together, these results suggested that BRB anthocyanins could modulate the composition of gut commensal microbiota, and changes in inflammation and the methylation status of the SFRP2 gene may play a central role in the chemoprevention of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Chen
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, China
| | - Bowen Jiang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chunge Zhong
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jun Guo
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lihao Zhang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, China
| | - Teng Mu
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qiuhua Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Xiuli Bi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, China.,Department of Biotechnology, Research Center for Computer Simulating and Information Processing of Bio-macromolecules of Liaoning Province, Liaoning University, Shenyang, China
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Li J, Tang M, Xue Y. Review of the effects of silver nanoparticle exposure on gut bacteria. J Appl Toxicol 2018; 39:27-37. [PMID: 30247756 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Gut bacteria are involved in regulating several important physiological functions in the host, and intestinal dysbacteriosis plays an important role in several human diseases, including intestinal, metabolic and autoimmune disorders. Although silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are increasingly being incorporated into medical and consumer products due to their unique physicochemical properties, studies have indicated their potential to affect adversely the gut bacteria. In this review, we focus on the biotoxicological effects of AgNPs entering the gastrointestinal tract and the relationship of these effects with important nanoscale properties. We discuss in detail the mechanisms underlying the bactericidal toxicity effects of AgNPs and explore the relationships between AgNPs, gut bacteria and disease. Finally, we highlight the need to focus on the negative effects of AgNPs usage to facilitate appropriate development of these particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangyan Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Meng Tang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yuying Xue
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
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Rossi M, Mirbagheri SEYEDS, Keshavarzian A, Bishehsari F. Nutraceuticals in colorectal cancer: A mechanistic approach. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 833:396-402. [PMID: 29935172 PMCID: PMC6063737 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most diagnosed cancers in the world. Even though screening, surgery and oncology have greatly advanced, CRC is still one of the leading causes of cancer deaths, with 700,000 annual mortalities in both men and women. Environmental and lifestyle factors brought up by industrialization, such as an altered diet, lack of physical activity, increase in alcohol consumption, and circadian disruption, have greatly affected the burden of CRC. These factors increase the CRC risk, at least partly, by pathologically altering the colonic environment, including composition of the gut microbiota, referred to as dysbiosis. Colonic dysbiosis can promote pro-carcinogenic immune signaling cascades, leading to pro-tumorigenic inflammation, carcinogen production, and altered cellular responses in susceptible host resulting to development and/or progression of CRC. Nutraceuticals such as prebiotic molecules and probiotic bacterial species can help maintain intestinal microbial homeostasis and thus mitigate this pathological processes. Therefore, prebiotics and probiotics can hinder the effects of dysbiosis by encouraging anti-carcinogenic, anti-inflammatory immunity, the maintenance of the intestinal epithelial barrier, pro-apoptotic mechanisms, and carcinogen inactivation. In addition to its implications in preventing CRC, because of the mechanisms affected, nutraceuticals are being discovered as potential adjuncts to immune checkpoint inhibitors in the treatment of CRC. In this review, we provide an overview of the potential implications of prebiotics and probiotics in the prevention and treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Rossi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Digestive Diseases, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - S E Y E D Sina Mirbagheri
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Digestive Diseases, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Ali Keshavarzian
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Digestive Diseases, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Faraz Bishehsari
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Digestive Diseases, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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Rappaport JA, Waldman SA. The Guanylate Cyclase C-cGMP Signaling Axis Opposes Intestinal Epithelial Injury and Neoplasia. Front Oncol 2018; 8:299. [PMID: 30131940 PMCID: PMC6091576 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Guanylate cyclase C (GUCY2C) is a transmembrane receptor expressed on the luminal aspect of the intestinal epithelium. Its ligands include bacterial heat-stable enterotoxins responsible for traveler's diarrhea, the endogenous peptide hormones uroguanylin and guanylin, and the synthetic agents, linaclotide, plecanatide, and dolcanatide. Ligand-activated GUCY2C catalyzes the synthesis of intracellular cyclic GMP (cGMP), initiating signaling cascades underlying homeostasis of the intestinal epithelium. Mouse models of GUCY2C ablation, and recently, human populations harboring GUCY2C mutations, have revealed the diverse contributions of this signaling axis to epithelial health, including regulating fluid secretion, microbiome composition, intestinal barrier integrity, epithelial renewal, cell cycle progression, responses to DNA damage, epithelial-mesenchymal cross-talk, cell migration, and cellular metabolic status. Because of these wide-ranging roles, dysregulation of the GUCY2C-cGMP signaling axis has been implicated in the pathogenesis of bowel transit disorders, inflammatory bowel disease, and colorectal cancer. This review explores the current understanding of cGMP signaling in the intestinal epithelium and mechanisms by which it opposes intestinal injury. Particular focus will be applied to its emerging role in tumor suppression. In colorectal tumors, endogenous GUCY2C ligand expression is lost by a yet undefined mechanism conserved in mice and humans. Further, reconstitution of GUCY2C signaling through genetic or oral ligand replacement opposes tumorigenesis in mice. Taken together, these findings suggest an intriguing hypothesis that colorectal cancer arises in a microenvironment of functional GUCY2C inactivation, which can be repaired by oral ligand replacement. Hence, the GUCY2C signaling axis represents a novel therapeutic target for preventing colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey A Rappaport
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Scott A Waldman
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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