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McElwain CJ, Manna S, Musumeci A, Sylvester I, Rouchon C, O'Callaghan AM, Ebad MAB, McCarthy FP, McCarthy CM. Defective Visceral Adipose Tissue Adaptation in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2024; 109:1275-1284. [PMID: 38035802 PMCID: PMC11031241 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a complex obstetric condition affecting localized glucose metabolism, resulting in systemic metabolic dysfunction. OBJECTIVE This cross-sectional study aimed to explore visceral adipose tissue (VAT) as an integral contributor to GDM, focusing on elucidating the specific contribution of obesity and GDM pathology to maternal outcomes. METHODS Fifty-six nulliparous pregnant women were recruited, including normal glucose tolerant (NGT) (n = 30) and GDM (n = 26) participants. Participants were subgrouped as nonobese (BMI <30 kg/m2) or obese (BMI ≥30 kg/m2). Metabolic markers in circulation, VAT, and placenta were determined. Morphological analysis of VAT and immunoblotting of the insulin signaling cascade were performed. RESULTS GDM participants demonstrated hyperinsulinemia and elevated homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) scores relative to NGT participants. The GDM-obese subgroup had significant VAT adipocyte hypoplasia relative to NGT-nonobese tissue. GDM-obese VAT had significantly lower insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-2 expression, with elevated ser312 phosphorylation of IRS-1, relative to NGT-nonobese. GDM-obese participants had significantly elevated circulating leptin levels and placental adipsin secretion, while GDM-nonobese participants had elevated circulating adipsin levels with reduced placental adiponectin secretion. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that GDM-obese pregnancy is specifically characterized by inadequate VAT remodeling and dysfunctional molecular signaling, which contribute to insulin resistance and hinder metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colm J McElwain
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Western Gateway Building, University College Cork, Cork T12XF62, Ireland
| | - Samprikta Manna
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Cork University Maternity Hospital, Cork T12DC4A, Ireland
| | - Andrea Musumeci
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Western Gateway Building, University College Cork, Cork T12XF62, Ireland
| | - Isaac Sylvester
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Western Gateway Building, University College Cork, Cork T12XF62, Ireland
| | - Chloé Rouchon
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Western Gateway Building, University College Cork, Cork T12XF62, Ireland
| | - Anne Marie O'Callaghan
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Western Gateway Building, University College Cork, Cork T12XF62, Ireland
| | - Mustafa Abdalla Bakhit Ebad
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Western Gateway Building, University College Cork, Cork T12XF62, Ireland
| | - Fergus P McCarthy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Cork University Maternity Hospital, Cork T12DC4A, Ireland
| | - Cathal M McCarthy
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Western Gateway Building, University College Cork, Cork T12XF62, Ireland
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Yang YY, Qi JJ, Jiang SY, Ye L. Esculin ameliorates obesity-induced insulin resistance by improving adipose tissue remodeling and activating the IRS1/PI3K/AKT/GLUT4 pathway. J Ethnopharmacol 2024; 319:117251. [PMID: 37778516 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cortex fraxini (also known as qinpi)-the bark of Fraxinus rhynchophylla Hance (Oleaceae)-is widely used as a Chinese traditional medicinal for its anti-inflammatory and anti-hyperuricemic activities. AIM OF THE STUDY Obesity-induced insulin resistance (IR) is driving the rising incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus and is related to pathological adipose tissue remodeling. Esculin, a major active component of Cortex fraxini, has anti-diabetic effects. However, whether esculin improves obesity-induced IR by regulating adipose tissue remodeling is unclear. The aims of the present study were to assess the effects of esculin on obesity-induced IR and to explore the underlying mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS Obese IR C57BL/6J mice were treated with esculin (40 or 80 mg/kg/day) for 4 weeks. Oral glucose tolerance tests were used to assess insulin sensitivity. Histological analyses were performed to analyze the number and size distribution of adipocytes. Glucose uptake was assessed using 2-NBDG. RESULTS Esculin had no effect on body weight gain but reduced fasting blood glucose, improved oral glucose tolerance, and increased insulin sensitivity. Esculin reduced adipocyte size and the expression levels of collagen 4A1 and tumor necrosis factor α and increased the number of adipocytes and the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor A. Esculin promoted the differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells and upregulated the mRNA expression of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ, activated the insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1)/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) signaling pathway, and enhanced the translocation of glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4) and glucose uptake in adipocytes treated with palmitic acid. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that esculin increases insulin sensitivity by improving adipose tissue remodeling and activating the IRS1/PI3K/AKT/GLUT4 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Yu Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Central of Translational Medical and Innovative Drug, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Jing-Jing Qi
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Si-Yi Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical College, Yueyang Vocational Technical College, YueYang, Hunan, China.
| | - Ling Ye
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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Peng C, Chen J, Wu R, Jiang H, Li J. Unraveling the complex roles of macrophages in obese adipose tissue: an overview. Front Med 2024:10.1007/s11684-023-1033-7. [PMID: 38165533 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-023-1033-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Macrophages, a heterogeneous population of innate immune cells, exhibit remarkable plasticity and play pivotal roles in coordinating immune responses and maintaining tissue homeostasis within the context of metabolic diseases. The activation of inflammatory macrophages in obese adipose tissue leads to detrimental effects, inducing insulin resistance through increased inflammation, impaired thermogenesis, and adipose tissue fibrosis. Meanwhile, adipose tissue macrophages also play a beneficial role in maintaining adipose tissue homeostasis by regulating angiogenesis, facilitating the clearance of dead adipocytes, and promoting mitochondrial transfer. Exploring the heterogeneity of macrophages in obese adipose tissue is crucial for unraveling the pathogenesis of obesity and holds significant potential for targeted therapeutic interventions. Recently, the dual effects and some potential regulatory mechanisms of macrophages in adipose tissue have been elucidated using single-cell technology. In this review, we present a comprehensive overview of the intricate activation mechanisms and diverse functions of macrophages in adipose tissue during obesity, as well as explore the potential of drug delivery systems targeting macrophages, aiming to enhance the understanding of current regulatory mechanisms that may be potentially targeted for treating obesity or metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Dental Technology and Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Rui Wu
- Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Haowen Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Jia Li
- Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310000, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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Wolfkiel PR, Haller AM, Kirby J, Jaeschke A, Hui DY. Different sensitivity to diet-induced hyperinsulinemia and hyperglycemia between mice with global or bone marrow-specific apoE receptor-2 deficiency. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2023; 325:R55-R68. [PMID: 37212552 PMCID: PMC10281787 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00007.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
This study explored the role of apoE receptor-2 (apoER2), a unique member of the LDL receptor family proteins with a restricted tissue expression profile, in modulating diet-induced obesity and diabetes. Unlike wild-type mice and humans in which chronic feeding of a high-fat Western-type diet leads to obesity and the prediabetic state of hyperinsulinemia before hyperglycemia onset, the Lrp8-/- mice with global apoER2 deficiency displayed lower body weight and adiposity, slower development of hyperinsulinemia, but the accelerated onset of hyperglycemia. Despite their lower adiposity, adipose tissues in Western diet-fed Lrp8-/- mice were more inflamed compared with wild-type mice. Additional experiments revealed that the hyperglycemia observed in Western diet-fed Lrp8-/- mice was due to impaired glucose-induced insulin secretion, ultimately leading to hyperglycemia, adipocyte dysfunction, and inflammation upon chronic feeding of the Western diet. Interestingly, bone marrow-specific apoER2-deficient mice were not defective in insulin secretion, exhibiting increased adiposity and hyperinsulinemia compared with wild-type mice. Analysis of bone marrow-derived macrophages revealed that apoER2 deficiency impeded inflammation resolution with lower secretion of IFN-β and IL-10 in response to LPS stimulation of IL-4 primed cells. The apoER2-deficient macrophages also showed an increased level of disabled-2 (Dab2) as well as increased cell surface TLR4, suggesting that apoER2 participates in Dab2 regulation of TLR4 signaling. Taken together, these results showed that apoER2 deficiency in macrophages sustains diet-induced tissue inflammation and accelerates obesity and diabetes onset while apoER2 deficiency in other cell types contributes to hyperglycemia and inflammation via defective insulin secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick R Wolfkiel
- Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry, and Microbiology Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States
| | - April M Haller
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States
| | - Jillian Kirby
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States
| | - Anja Jaeschke
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States
| | - David Y Hui
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States
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Santillana N, Astudillo-Guerrero C, D’Espessailles A, Cruz G. White Adipose Tissue Dysfunction: Pathophysiology and Emergent Measurements. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15071722. [PMID: 37049561 PMCID: PMC10096946 DOI: 10.3390/nu15071722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
White adipose tissue (AT) dysfunction plays an important role in the development of cardiometabolic alterations associated with obesity. AT dysfunction is characterized by the loss of the expansion capacity of the AT, an increment in adipocyte hypertrophy, and changes in the secretion profile of adipose cells, associated with accumulation of macrophages and inflammation. Since not all people with an excess of adiposity develop comorbidities, it is necessary to find simple tools that can evidence AT dysfunction and allow the detection of those people with the potential to develop metabolic alterations. This review focuses on the current pathophysiological mechanisms of white AT dysfunction and emerging measurements to assess its functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Santillana
- Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - Camila Astudillo-Guerrero
- Centro de Neurobiología y Fisiopatología Integrativa (CENFI), Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Mención Neurociencia, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
| | - Amanda D’Espessailles
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de O’Higgins, Rancagua 2820000, Chile
| | - Gonzalo Cruz
- Centro de Neurobiología y Fisiopatología Integrativa (CENFI), Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
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Zhang N, Tian X, Yan T, Wang H, Zhang D, Lin C, Liu Q, Jiang S. Insights into the role of nucleotide methylation in metabolic-associated fatty liver disease. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1148722. [PMID: 37020540 PMCID: PMC10067741 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1148722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a chronic liver disease characterized by fatty infiltration of the liver. In recent years, the MAFLD incidence rate has risen and emerged as a serious public health concern. MAFLD typically progresses from the initial hepatocyte steatosis to steatohepatitis and then gradually advances to liver fibrosis, which may ultimately lead to cirrhosis and carcinogenesis. However, the potential evolutionary mechanisms still need to be clarified. Recent studies have shown that nucleotide methylation, which was directly associated with MAFLD's inflammatory grading, lipid synthesis, and oxidative stress, plays a crucial role in the occurrence and progression of MAFLD. In this review, we highlight the regulatory function and associated mechanisms of nucleotide methylation modification in the progress of MAFLD, with a particular emphasis on its regulatory role in the inflammation of MAFLD, including the regulation of inflammation-related immune and metabolic microenvironment. Additionally, we summarize the potential value of nucleotide methylation in the diagnosis and treatment of MAFLD, intending to provide references for the future investigation of MAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Zhang
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xinchen Tian
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Tinghao Yan
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Haochen Wang
- Clinical Medical Laboratory Center, Jining First People’s Hospital, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Dengtian Zhang
- Clinical Medical Laboratory Center, Jining First People’s Hospital, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Cong Lin
- Clinical Medical Laboratory Center, Jining First People’s Hospital, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Qingbin Liu
- Clinical Medical Laboratory Center, Jining First People’s Hospital, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- *Correspondence: Qingbin Liu, ; Shulong Jiang,
| | - Shulong Jiang
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Clinical Medical Laboratory Center, Jining First People’s Hospital, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- *Correspondence: Qingbin Liu, ; Shulong Jiang,
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7
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El-Arabey AA, Abdalla M. GATA3 as an immunomodulator in obesity-related metabolic dysfunction associated with fatty liver disease, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 366:110141. [PMID: 36058260 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.110141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is the leading risk factor associated with Metabolic dysfunction Associated with Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD), Insulin Resistance (IR), and type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Notably, MAFLD affects 25% of the world's adult population, ranging from 13.5% in Africa to 31.8% in the Middle East. The prevalence of MAFLD is 80-90% in obese adults and 30-50% in patients with diabetes. According to the recent WHO update, more than 400 million people will experience T2DM by 2025. Furthermore, the worldwide obesity incidence rate has risen in the preceding years. Adipogenesis deterioration is a critical step in the induction of obesity correlated with MAFLD, IR and T2DM. The well-known transcription factor GATA3 is highly expressed in the preadipocytes-adipocytes transition of embryonic stem cells and obese people with IR. In this regard, the reduction of GATA3 improves the differentiation of adipocytes. Omental adipose tissue inflammation by upregulation of macrophages infiltration is strongly linked with body mass index in insulin tolerance of obese people. In particular, the dynamic interaction between macrophages and adipocytes significantly regulates obese adipose tissue's inflammatory status and influences IR by reducing the differentiation of adipocytes, macrophage function, and glucose transport. Emerging evidence demonstrated that GATA3 is a master regulator for macrophage polarization and infiltration. Hence, we will shed light on GATA3 as an emerging target for immunomodulation in human obesity associated with MAFLD, IR, and T2DM by reducing macrophages' recruitment and inflammation of muscles and liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr Ahmed El-Arabey
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Al-Azhar University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Mohnad Abdalla
- Research Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University (Jinan Children's Hospital), Jinan, China.
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Pellegrinelli V, Rodriguez-Cuenca S, Rouault C, Figueroa-Juarez E, Schilbert H, Virtue S, Moreno-Navarrete JM, Bidault G, Vázquez-Borrego MC, Dias AR, Pucker B, Dale M, Campbell M, Carobbio S, Lin YH, Vacca M, Aron-Wisnewsky J, Mora S, Masiero MM, Emmanouilidou A, Mukhopadhyay S, Dougan G, den Hoed M, Loos RJF, Fernández-Real JM, Chiarugi D, Clément K, Vidal-Puig A. Dysregulation of macrophage PEPD in obesity determines adipose tissue fibro-inflammation and insulin resistance. Nat Metab 2022; 4:476-494. [PMID: 35478031 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-022-00561-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Resulting from impaired collagen turnover, fibrosis is a hallmark of adipose tissue (AT) dysfunction and obesity-associated insulin resistance (IR). Prolidase, also known as peptidase D (PEPD), plays a vital role in collagen turnover by degrading proline-containing dipeptides but its specific functional relevance in AT is unknown. Here we show that in human and mouse obesity, PEPD expression and activity decrease in AT, and PEPD is released into the systemic circulation, which promotes fibrosis and AT IR. Loss of the enzymatic function of PEPD by genetic ablation or pharmacological inhibition causes AT fibrosis in mice. In addition to its intracellular enzymatic role, secreted extracellular PEPD protein enhances macrophage and adipocyte fibro-inflammatory responses via EGFR signalling, thereby promoting AT fibrosis and IR. We further show that decreased prolidase activity is coupled with increased systemic levels of PEPD that act as a pathogenic trigger of AT fibrosis and IR. Thus, PEPD produced by macrophages might serve as a biomarker of AT fibro-inflammation and could represent a therapeutic target for AT fibrosis and obesity-associated IR and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Pellegrinelli
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science and MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - S Rodriguez-Cuenca
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science and MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge University Nanjing Centre of Technology and Innovation, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - C Rouault
- Sorbonne University, INSERM, NutriOmique Research Unit, Paris, France
| | - E Figueroa-Juarez
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science and MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - H Schilbert
- Genetics and Genomics of Plants, Centre for Biotechnology (CeBiTec) & Faculty of Biology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - S Virtue
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science and MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - J M Moreno-Navarrete
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), University Hospital of Girona Dr Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
- CIBERobn Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institut of Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - G Bidault
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science and MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - M C Vázquez-Borrego
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science and MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
| | - A R Dias
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science and MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - B Pucker
- Genetics and Genomics of Plants, Centre for Biotechnology (CeBiTec) & Faculty of Biology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
- Evolution and Diversity, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - M Dale
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science and MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - M Campbell
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science and MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge University Nanjing Centre of Technology and Innovation, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - S Carobbio
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science and MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Centro de Investigacion Principe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Y H Lin
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science and MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - M Vacca
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science and MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Insterdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Università degli Studi di Bari 'Aldo Moro', Bari, Italy
| | - J Aron-Wisnewsky
- Sorbonne University, INSERM, NutriOmique Research Unit, Paris, France
- Assistance-Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Nutrition department, Pitié-Salpêtrière hospital, Paris, France
| | - S Mora
- Dept Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - M M Masiero
- The Beijer Laboratory and Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University and SciLifeLab, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - A Emmanouilidou
- The Beijer Laboratory and Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University and SciLifeLab, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - S Mukhopadhyay
- MRC Centre for Transplantation Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences King's College, London, UK
| | - G Dougan
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - M den Hoed
- The Beijer Laboratory and Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University and SciLifeLab, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - R J F Loos
- Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J M Fernández-Real
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), University Hospital of Girona Dr Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
- CIBERobn Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institut of Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - D Chiarugi
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science and MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - K Clément
- Sorbonne University, INSERM, NutriOmique Research Unit, Paris, France
- Assistance-Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Nutrition department, Pitié-Salpêtrière hospital, Paris, France
| | - A Vidal-Puig
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science and MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Cambridge University Nanjing Centre of Technology and Innovation, Nanjing, P. R. China.
- Centro de Investigacion Principe Felipe, Valencia, Spain.
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Caldari-Torres C, Beck J. Effects of co-incubation of LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages on leptin production by 3T3-L1 adipocytes: a method for co-incubating distinct adipose tissue cell lines. Bull Natl Res Cent 2022; 46:57. [PMID: 35283620 PMCID: PMC8899443 DOI: 10.1186/s42269-022-00747-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adipose tissue is a major endocrine organ capable of releasing inflammatory adipokines that are linked to changes occurring in the overfed state, where tissue remodeling results in hypertrophic adipocytes that recruit monocytes to infiltrate the tissue and take on an inflammatory phenotype. Increases in macrophage-specific inflammatory mediator levels contribute to the inflamed state and worsen the inflammatory loop between the macrophages and adipocytes. Although most inflammatory adipokines are released by macrophages, adipocytes can also release immunomodulatory adipokines, such as leptin. The objective of this research was to determine if co-incubation of activated macrophages with mature adipocytes, using transwell inserts, affected adipocyte leptin release. We also examined if there were differences in levels of cell-secreted products quantified in cell-conditioned media collected from macrophage-containing (transwell insert) and adipocyte-containing (well) compartments. METHODS Mature adipocytes were co-incubated with control and lipopolysaccharide-stimulated (0.01 mg/ml) murine macrophages, and nitric oxide, interleukin-6, and leptin levels were quantified in the cell-conditioned media from both compartments. RESULTS Activation status of the macrophages did not affect leptin release by the adipocytes. We observed higher amounts of leptin in wells compared to transwells. Nitric oxide and interleukin-6 levels were similar between transwells and wells, suggesting that these adipokines travel through the transwell inserts and are reaching equilibrium between the two compartments. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that co-incubating activated macrophages and adipocytes using transwell inserts can result in distinct microenvironments in the different cellular compartments and that separate sampling of these compartments is required to detect the subtle signaling dynamics that exist between these cells. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s42269-022-00747-7.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jordan Beck
- Department of Biology, Denison University, Granville, OH USA
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10
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Gao T, Liu T, Ko CJ, Zhang L, Joo D, Xie X, Zhu L, Li Y, Cheng X, Sun SC. Myeloid cell TBK1 restricts inflammatory responses. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2107742119. [PMID: 35074921 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2107742119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Proinflammatory cytokine production by innate immune cells plays a crucial role in inflammatory diseases, but the molecular mechanisms controlling the inflammatory responses are poorly understood. Here, we show that TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) serves as a vital regulator of proinflammatory macrophage function and protects against tissue inflammation. Myeloid cell-conditional Tbk1 knockout (MKO) mice spontaneously developed adipose hypertrophy and metabolic disorders at old ages, associated with increased adipose tissue M1 macrophage infiltration and proinflammatory cytokine expression. When fed with a high-fat diet, the Tbk1-MKO mice also displayed exacerbated hepatic inflammation and insulin resistance, developing symptoms of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Furthermore, myeloid cell-specific TBK1 ablation exacerbates inflammation in experimental colitis. Mechanistically, TBK1 functions in macrophages to suppress the NF-κB and MAP kinase signaling pathways and thus attenuate induction of proinflammatory cytokines, particularly IL-1β. Ablation of IL-1 receptor 1 (IL-1R1) eliminates the inflammatory symptoms of Tbk1-MKO mice. These results establish TBK1 as a pivotal anti-inflammatory mediator that restricts inflammation in different disease models.
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11
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Bonilauri B, Camillo-Andrade AC, Santos MDM, Fischer JSDG, Carvalho PC, Dallagiovanna B. Proteogenomic Analysis Reveals Proteins Involved in the First Step of Adipogenesis in Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:3168428. [PMID: 34956370 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3168428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity is characterized as a disease that directly affects the whole-body metabolism and is associated with excess fat mass and several related comorbidities. Dynamics of adipocyte hypertrophy and hyperplasia play an important role in health and disease, especially in obesity. Human adipose-derived stem cells (hASC) represent an important source for understanding the entire adipogenic differentiation process. However, little is known about the triggering step of adipogenesis in hASC. Here, we performed a proteogenomic approach for understanding the protein abundance alterations during the initiation of the adipogenic differentiation process. Methods hASC were isolated from adipose tissue of three donors and were then characterized and expanded. Cells were cultured for 24 hours in adipogenic differentiation medium followed by protein extraction. We used shotgun proteomics to compare the proteomic profile of 24 h-adipogenic, differentiated, and undifferentiated hASC. We also used our previous next-generation sequencing data (RNA-seq) of the total and polysomal mRNA fractions of hASC to study posttranscriptional regulation during the initial steps of adipogenesis. Results We identified 3420 proteins out of 48,336 peptides, of which 92 proteins were exclusively identified in undifferentiated hASC and 53 proteins were exclusively found in 24 h-differentiated cells. Using a stringent criterion, we identified 33 differentially abundant proteins when comparing 24 h-differentiated and undifferentiated hASC (14 upregulated and 19 downregulated, respectively). Among the upregulated proteins, we shortlisted several adipogenesis-related proteins. A combined analysis of the proteome and the transcriptome allowed the identification of positive correlation coefficients between proteins and mRNAs. Conclusions These results demonstrate a specific proteome profile related to adipogenesis at the beginning (24 hours) of the differentiation process in hASC, which advances the understanding of human adipogenesis and obesity. Adipogenic differentiation is finely regulated at the transcriptional, posttranscriptional, and posttranslational levels.
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12
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Bi X, Li Y, Dong Z, Zhao J, Wu W, Zou J, Guo L, Lu F, Gao J. Recent Developments in Extracellular Matrix Remodeling for Fat Grafting. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:767362. [PMID: 34977018 PMCID: PMC8716396 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.767362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM), which provides structural and biochemical support for surrounding cells, is vital for adipose tissue regeneration after autologous fat grafting. Rapid and high-quality ECM remodeling can improve the retention rate after fat grafting by promoting neovascularization, regulating stem cells differentiation, and suppressing chronic inflammation. The degradation and deposition of ECM are regulated by various factors, including hypoxia, blood supply, inflammation, and stem cells. By contrast, ECM remodeling alters these regulatory factors, resulting in a dynamic relationship between them. Although researchers have attempted to identify the cellular sources of factors associated with tissue regeneration and regulation of the microenvironment, the factors and mechanisms that affect adipose tissue ECM remodeling remain incompletely understood. This review describes the process of adipose ECM remodeling after grafting and summarizes the factors that affect ECM reconstruction. Also, this review provides an overview of the clinical methods to avoid poor ECM remodeling. These findings may provide new ideas for improving the retention of adipose tissue after fat transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jianhua Gao
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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13
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Inokuchi JI, Kanoh H, Inamori KI, Nagafuku M, Nitta T, Fukase K. Homeostatic and pathogenic roles of the GM3 ganglioside. FEBS J 2021; 289:5152-5165. [PMID: 34125497 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Two decades ago, we achieved molecular cloning of ganglioside GM3 synthase (GM3S; ST3GAL5), the enzyme responsible for initiating biosynthesis of complex gangliosides. The efforts of our research group since then have been focused on clarifying the physiological and pathological roles of gangliosides, particularly GM3. This review summarizes our long-term studies on the roles of GM3 in insulin resistance and adipogenesis in adipose tissues, cholesterol uptake in intestine, and leptin resistance in hypothalamus. We hypothesized that GM3 plays a role in innate immune function of macrophages and demonstrated that molecular species of GM3 with differing acyl-chain structures and modifications functioned as pro- and anti-inflammatory endogenous Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) modulators in macrophages. Very-long-chain and α-hydroxy GM3 species enhanced TLR4 activation, whereas long-chain and unsaturated GM3 species counteracted this effect. Lipidomic analyses of serum and adipose tissues revealed that imbalances between such pro- and anti-inflammatory GM3 species promoted progression of metabolic disorders. GM3 thus functions as a physiological regulatory factor controlling the balance between homeostatic and pathological states. Ongoing studies based on these findings will clarify the mechanisms underlying ganglioside-dependent control of energy homeostasis and innate immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Ichi Inokuchi
- Division of Glycopathology, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan.,Core for Medicine and Science Collaborative Research and Education (MS-CORE), Project Research Center for Fundamental Sciences, Osaka University, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Kanoh
- Division of Glycopathology, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kei-Ichiro Inamori
- Division of Glycopathology, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masakazu Nagafuku
- Division of Glycopathology, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takahiro Nitta
- Division of Glycopathology, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Koichi Fukase
- Core for Medicine and Science Collaborative Research and Education (MS-CORE), Project Research Center for Fundamental Sciences, Osaka University, Japan.,Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Japan
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14
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Abstract
Over 650 million adults are obese (body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m2) worldwide. Obesity is commonly associated with several comorbidities, including cardiovascular disease and type II diabetes. However, compiled estimates suggest that from 5 to 40% of obese individuals do not experience metabolic or cardiovascular complications. The existence of the metabolically unhealthy obese (MUO) and the metabolically healthy obese (MHO) phenotypes suggests that underlying differences exist in both tissues and overall systemic function. Macrophage accumulation in white adipose tissue (AT) in obesity is typically associated with insulin resistance. However, as plastic cells, macrophages respond to stimuli in their microenvironments, altering their polarization between pro- and anti-inflammatory phenotypes, depending on the state of their surroundings. The dichotomous nature of MHO and MUO clinical phenotypes suggests that differences in white AT function dictate local inflammatory responses by driving changes in macrophage subtypes. As obesity requires extensive AT expansion, we posit that remodeling capacity with adipose expansion potentiates favorable macrophage profiles in MHO as compared with MUO individuals. In this review, we discuss how differences in adipogenesis, AT extracellular matrix deposition and breakdown, and AT angiogenesis perpetuate altered AT macrophage profiles in MUO compared with MHO. We discuss how non-autonomous effects of remote organ systems, including the liver, gastrointestinal tract, and cardiovascular system, interact with white adipose favorably in MHO. Preferential AT macrophage profiles in MHO stem from sustained AT function and improved overall fitness and systemic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alistaire D Ruggiero
- Section on Comparative Medicine, Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Chia-Chi Chuang Key
- Section on Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Kylie Kavanagh
- Section on Comparative Medicine, Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States.,Department of Biomedicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
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15
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Galanin I, Nicu C, Tower JI. Facial Fat Fitness: A New Paradigm to Understand Facial Aging and Aesthetics. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2021; 45:151-163. [PMID: 32914326 DOI: 10.1007/s00266-020-01933-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Traditionally, facial adipose tissue has been perceived and treated as a homogenous volume-occupying subcutaneous depot. However, recent research from across disciplines is converging to reveal a far more anatomically organized and functionally dynamic role of facial adipose tissue. In this narrative review, we will discuss new insights into adipocyte function and facial adipose anatomy that have far-reaching implications for the practice of aesthetic facial plastic surgery. These concepts are synthesized into a "facial fat fitness" model which can be used to explain clinical observations in facial aging and aesthetic surgery. Fat fitness relates to the quality of facial adipose tissue, as opposed to quantity, and describes whether adipose tissue is in a predominantly healthy hyperplastic or unhealthy hypertrophic state. Fat fitness is modulated by lifestyle factors, and may be impacted positively or negatively by facial aesthetic treatments. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carina Nicu
- Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jacob I Tower
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Lenox Hill Hospital, 130 East 77th Street, 10th Floor, New York, NY, USA.
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16
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Wei CY, Wang YM, Han L, Chen FF, Li YH, Tang MX, Zhang W, Wang ZH, Zhong M. Nitrate Esters Alleviated Coronary Atherosclerosis Through Inhibition of NF-κB-Regulated Macrophage Polarization Shift in Epicardial Adipose Tissue. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2020; 75:475-82. [PMID: 32141988 DOI: 10.1097/FJC.0000000000000818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Nitrate esters have been used in clinical practice for more than one century for the treatment of angina. Their clinical effectiveness is due to vasodilator activity in arteries through a method of delivering nitric oxide or a nitric oxide-like compound. Recently, an increasing numbers of functions of this molecule in biology and pathophysiology have been discovered. Macrophage polarization shift in epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) has been demonstrated to be correlated with the severity of coronary artery disease (CAD). In this study, we aimed to investigate whether nitrate esters could improve coronary atherosclerosis through inhibition of macrophage polarization shift in EAT. A case-control study enrolled 48 subjects in 2 groups: CAD patients with or without nitrate esters treatment. Infiltration of M1/M2 macrophages and the expressions of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in EAT and subcutaneous white adipose tissue were investigated by immunohistochemical stain among subjects undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery. The expression levels of metabolic genes were investigated by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). We found that nitrate ester treatment significantly inhibited NF-кB activity and decreased macrophage infiltration and M1/M2 macrophage ratio in EAT in patients with CAD. The expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines were significantly decreased, along with significantly elevated expressions of anti-inflammatory cytokines in CAD patients with nitrate ester treatment, corresponding EAT dysfunction was ameliorated and the severity of patients with CAD (Gensini score) was significantly decreased. The protective effects on macrophage polarization and EAT function through NF-кB activity inhibition suggested a potential mechanism of nitrate esters in alleviating the severity of CAD.
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17
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Mattar P, Sanhueza S, Yuri G, Briones L, Perez-Leighton C, Rudich A, Lavandero S, Cifuentes M. Calcium-Sensing Receptor in Adipose Tissue: Possible Association with Obesity-Related Elevated Autophagy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7617. [PMID: 33076271 PMCID: PMC7590196 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is upregulated in adipose tissue (AT) from people with obesity. We showed that activation of the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) elevates proinflammatory cytokines through autophagy in preadipocytes. Our aim is to understand the role of CaSR on autophagy in AT from humans with obesity. We determined mRNA and protein levels of CaSR and markers of autophagy by qPCR and western blot in human visceral AT explants or isolated primary preadipocytes (60 donors: 72% female, 23-56% body fat). We also investigated their association with donors' anthropometric variables. Donors' % body fat and CaSR mRNA expression in AT were correlated (r = 0.44, p < 0.01). CaSR expression was associated with mRNA levels of the autophagy markers atg5 (r = 0.37, p < 0.01), atg7 (r = 0.29, p < 0.05) and lc3b (r = 0.40, p < 0.01). CaSR activation increased becn and atg7 mRNA expression in AT. CaSR activation also upregulated LC3II by ~50%, an effect abolished by the CaSR inhibitor. Spermine (CaSR agonist) regulates LC3II through the ERK1/2 pathway. Structural equation model analysis suggests a link between donors' AT CaSR expression, AT autophagy and expression of Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha TNF-α. CaSR expression in visceral AT is directly associated with % body fat, and CaSR activation may contribute to obesity-related disruption in AT autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Mattar
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Santiago 7830490, Chile; (P.M.); (S.S.); (G.Y.); (L.B.)
| | - Sofía Sanhueza
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Santiago 7830490, Chile; (P.M.); (S.S.); (G.Y.); (L.B.)
| | - Gabriela Yuri
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Santiago 7830490, Chile; (P.M.); (S.S.); (G.Y.); (L.B.)
| | - Lautaro Briones
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Santiago 7830490, Chile; (P.M.); (S.S.); (G.Y.); (L.B.)
- Department of Nutrition and Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bío-Bío, Andrés Bello 720, Chillán 3800708, Chile
| | - Claudio Perez-Leighton
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago 3580000, Chile;
| | - Assaf Rudich
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84103, Israel;
- The National Institute of Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84103, Israel
| | - Sergio Lavandero
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences & Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile;
- Center for Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiology Division, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Mariana Cifuentes
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Santiago 7830490, Chile; (P.M.); (S.S.); (G.Y.); (L.B.)
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences & Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile;
- Center for Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile
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18
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Dong J, Wu Y, Zhang Y, Yu M, Tian W. Comparison of the Therapeutic Effect of Allogeneic and Xenogeneic Small Extracellular Vesicles in Soft Tissue Repair. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:6975-6991. [PMID: 33061363 PMCID: PMC7519865 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s269069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Small extracellular vesicles (sEV) are a heterogeneous group of vesicles that consist of proteins, lipids and miRNA molecules derived from the cell of origin. Although xenogeneic sEV have been applied for soft tissue regeneration successfully, the regeneration effect of allogeneic and xenogeneic sEV has not been compared systematically. Methods Our previous study has shown that sEV derived from rat adipose tissue successfully induced neoadipose regeneration. In this study, sEV were isolated from rat adipose tissue (r-sEV-AT) and porcine adipose tissue (p-sEV-AT), the morphology, size distribution and marker proteins expression of r-sEV-AT and p-sEV-AT were characterized. Besides, the sEV/AT ratio was evaluated and compared between r-sEV-AT and p-sEV-AT. Rat adipose-derived stromal/stem cells (rASCs) and rat aorta endothelial cells (rECs) were adopted to test the cellular response to allogeneic and xenogeneic sEV-AT. The effects of allogeneic and xenogeneic sEV-AT on host cells migration and neoadipose formation were evaluated in a subcutaneous custom-designed model. A full-thickness skin wound healing model was used to further compare the ability of allogeneic and xenogeneic sEV-AT in inducing complex soft tissue regeneration. Results p-sEV-AT showed similar morphology and size distribution to r-sEV-AT. Marker proteins of sEV were detected in both r-sEV-AT and p-sEV-AT. The sEV/AT ratio of porcine was slightly higher than that of rat. The effects of r-sEV-AT and p-sEV-AT on the differentiation of rASCs and rECs showed no significant difference. When allogeneic and xenogeneic sEV-AT were subcutaneously implanted into the back of SD rats, the host cells chemotactic infiltration was observed in 1 week and neoadipose tissue formation was induced in 8 weeks; no significant difference was observed between allogeneic and xenogeneic sEV-AT. For complex soft tissue regeneration, both allogeneic and xenogeneic sEV-AT significantly promoted wound re-epithelialization, granulation tissue formation and hair follicle regeneration and then accelerated skin wound healing. Conclusion Our results demonstrated that sEV derived from the same tissues of different species might be loaded with similar therapeutic substance benefitting tissue repair and regeneration, and paved the way for future research aimed at xenogeneic sEV application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Xiangya Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Weidong Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
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19
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Khalyfa A, Gaddameedhi S, Crooks E, Zhang C, Li Y, Qiao Z, Trzepizur W, Kay SA, Andrade J, Satterfield BC, Hansen DA, Kheirandish-Gozal L, Van Dongen HPA, Gozal D. Circulating Exosomal miRNAs Signal Circadian Misalignment to Peripheral Metabolic Tissues. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6396. [PMID: 32899117 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Night shift work increases risk of metabolic disorders, particularly obesity and insulin resistance. While the underlying mechanisms are unknown, evidence points to misalignment of peripheral oscillators causing metabolic disturbances. A pathway conveying such misalignment may involve exosome-based intercellular communication. Fourteen volunteers were assigned to a simulated day shift (DS) or night shift (NS) condition. After 3 days on the simulated shift schedule, blood samples were collected during a 24-h constant routine protocol. Exosomes were isolated from the plasma samples from each of the blood draws. Exosomes were added to naïve differentiated adipocytes, and insulin-induced pAkt/Akt expression changes were assessed. ChIP-Seq analyses for BMAL1 protein, mRNA microarrays and exosomal miRNA arrays combined with bioinformatics and functional effects of agomirs and antagomirs targeting miRNAs in NS and DS exosomal cargo were examined. Human adipocytes treated with exosomes from the NS condition showed altered Akt phosphorylation responses to insulin in comparison to those treated with exosomes from the DS condition. BMAL1 ChIP-Seq of exosome-treated adipocytes showed 42,037 binding sites in the DS condition and 5538 sites in the NS condition, with a large proportion of BMAL1 targets including genes encoding for metabolic regulators. A significant and restricted miRNA exosomal signature emerged after exposure to the NS condition. Among the exosomal miRNAs regulated differentially after 3 days of simulated NS versus DS, proof-of-concept validation of circadian misalignment signaling was demonstrated with hsa-mir-3614-5p. Exosomes from the NS condition markedly altered expression of key genes related to circadian rhythm in several cultured cell types, including adipocytes, myocytes, and hepatocytes, along with significant changes in 29 genes and downstream gene network interactions. Our results indicate that a simulated NS schedule leads to changes in exosomal cargo in the circulation. These changes promote reduction of insulin sensitivity of adipocytes in vitro and alter the expression of core clock genes in peripheral tissues. Circulating exosomal miRNAs may play an important role in metabolic dysfunction in NS workers by serving as messengers of circadian misalignment to peripheral tissues.
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20
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Peshdary V, Styles G, Rigden M, Caldwell D, Kawata A, Sorisky A, Atlas E. Exposure to Low Doses of Dechlorane Plus Promotes Adipose Tissue Dysfunction and Glucose Intolerance in Male Mice. Endocrinology 2020; 161:5859548. [PMID: 32556108 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqaa096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) continues to increase worldwide. It is well established that genetic susceptibility, obesity, overnutrition and a sedentary life style are risk factors for the development of T2D. However, more recently, studies have also proposed links between exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and altered glucose metabolism. Human exposure to environmental pollutants that are suspected to have endocrine disruptor activity is ubiquitous. One such chemical is Dechlorane Plus (DP), a flame retardant, that is now detected in humans and the environment. Here we show that exposure of mice to low, environmentally relevant doses of DP promoted glucose intolerance in mice fed a high-fat diet independent of weight gain. Furthermore, DP had pronounced effects on the adipose tissue, where it induced the development of hypertrophied white adipose tissue (WAT), and increased serum levels of resistin, leptin, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1. In addition, DP exposure induced "whitening" of brown adipose tissue (BAT), and reduced BAT uncoupling protein 1 expression. Importantly, some of these effects occurred even when the mice were fed a regular, low-fat, diet. Finally, WAT adipogenic markers were reduced with DP treatment in the WAT. We also show that DP directly inhibited insulin signaling in murine adipocytes and human primary subcutaneous adipocytes in vitro. Taken together, our results show that the exposure to low and environmentally relevant levels of DP may contribute to the development of T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vian Peshdary
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, 50 Colombine Driveway, Ottawa, Canada
- Departments of Medicine and of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - George Styles
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, 50 Colombine Driveway, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Marc Rigden
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, 50 Colombine Driveway, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Don Caldwell
- Scientific Services Division, Health Products and Foods Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alice Kawata
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, 50 Colombine Driveway, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Alexander Sorisky
- Departments of Medicine and of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- Chronic Disease Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Ella Atlas
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, 50 Colombine Driveway, Ottawa, Canada
- Departments of Medicine and of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
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21
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D'Espessailles A, Santillana N, Sanhueza S, Fuentes C, Cifuentes M. Calcium sensing receptor activation in THP-1 macrophages triggers NLRP3 inflammasome and human preadipose cell inflammation. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 501:110654. [PMID: 31734269 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2019.110654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Excess adipose tissue (AT) associates with inflammation and obesity-related diseases. We studied whether calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR)-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome activation in THP-1 macrophages elevates inflammation in LS14 preadipocytes, modeling deleterious AT cell crosstalk. THP-1 macrophages exposed to cinacalcet (CaSR activator, 2 μM, 4 h) showed elevated proinflammatory marker and NLRP3 inflammasome mRNA, pro-IL-1β protein and caspase-1 activity, whereas preincubation with CaSR negative modulators prevented these effects. The key NLRP3 inflammasome component ASC was silenced (siRNA) in THP-1 cells, and inflammasome activation was evaluated (qPCR, Western blot, caspase-1 activity) or they were further cultured to obtain conditioned medium (CoM). Exposure of LS14 preadipocytes to CoM from cinacalcet-treated THP-1 elevated LS14 proinflammatory cytokine expression, which was abrogated by THP-1 inflammasome silencing. Thus, CaSR activation elevates THP-1-induced inflammation in LS14 preadipocytes, via macrophage NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Modulating CaSR activation may prevent deleterious proinflammatory cell crosstalk in AT, a promising approach in obesity-related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda D'Espessailles
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, El Líbano 5524, Macul, Casilla 138-11, Santiago, Chile
| | - Natalia Santillana
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, El Líbano 5524, Macul, Casilla 138-11, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sofía Sanhueza
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, El Líbano 5524, Macul, Casilla 138-11, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cecilia Fuentes
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, El Líbano 5524, Macul, Casilla 138-11, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mariana Cifuentes
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, El Líbano 5524, Macul, Casilla 138-11, Santiago, Chile; Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, 8380492, Chile; Center for Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, 8380492, Chile.
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Park CY, Kim TY, Yoo JS, Seo Y, Pae M, Han SN. Effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on the Inflammatory Responses of Stromal Vascular Cells and Adipocytes from Lean and Obese Mice. Nutrients 2020; 12:E364. [PMID: 32019160 DOI: 10.3390/nu12020364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D status has been implicated in obesity and adipose tissue inflammation. In the present study, we explored the effects of dietary vitamin D supplementation on adipose tissue inflammation and immune cell population, and the effects of in vitro 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25-(OH)2D3) treatment on pro-inflammatory cytokine production by stromal vascular cells (SVCs) and adipocytes in lean and high-fat diet-induced obese mice. The results show that epididymal fat Mcp-1 and Rantes mRNA levels, which were higher in obese mice compared with lean mice, were significantly down-regulated by vitamin D supplementation. While obese mice had higher numbers of macrophages and natural killer (NK) cells within adipose tissue, these remained unaltered by vitamin D supplementation. In accordance with these in vivo findings, the in vitro 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment decreased IL-6, MCP-1, and IL-1β production by SVCs from obese mice, but not by adipocytes. In addition, 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment significantly decreased Tlr2 expression and increased mRNA levels of Iκba and Dusp1 in SVCs. These findings suggest that vitamin D supplementation attenuates inflammatory response in adipose tissue, especially in SVCs, possibly through inhibiting NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways in SVCs but not by the inhibition of macrophage infiltration.
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Zhu J, Wilding JPH. The 1α,25(OH) 2D 3 Analogs ZK159222 and ZK191784 Show Anti-Inflammatory Properties in Macrophage-Induced Preadipocytes via Modulating the NF-κB and MAPK Signaling. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2020; 13:1715-1724. [PMID: 32547133 PMCID: PMC7245602 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s245080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Key research findings suggest that attenuating metaflammation in adipose tissue might be a strategic step to prevent the metabolic syndrome and its associated disease outcomes. The anti-inflammatory effects of 1α,25(OH)2D3 have been confirmed in our previous studies, but adverse effects induced at high concentrations restrict its potential clinical translation. Two synthetic 1α,25(OH)2D3 analogs ZK159222 and ZK191784 have manifested promising tissue-specific immunomodulatory actions, but limited data are available on adipose tissue. Hence, in this study, we investigated whether ZK159222 and ZK191784 act on preadipocytes or macrophages to attenuate metaflammatory responses via modulating inflammatory and metabolic signaling in macrophage-induced preadipocytes. METHODS Preadipocyte-specific effects of ZK159222 and ZK191784 on macrophage-induced preadipocytes were tested by pre-incubating and incubating preadipocytes with the analogs and MacCM. Separately, macrophage-specific effects of both analogs on macrophage-induced preadipocytes were tested by incubating preadipocytes with analog-MacCM or MacCM. The effects of 1α,25(OH)2D3 were also examined and set as the positive control. Metaflammatory responses were determined as the concentrations and gene expression of major pro-inflammatory cytokines including IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1 and RANTES, measured using ELISA and qPCR. Inflammatory and metabolic signaling including NF-κB and MAPK were probed using Western blotting. RESULTS ZK159222 and ZK191784 act on preadipocytes and macrophages to decrease the secretion and gene expression of the major pro-inflammatory cytokines in macrophage-induced preadipocytes. The anti-inflammatory effects were at least as potent as 1α,25(OH)2D3, and no preadipocyte apoptosis was induced at high concentrations. In addition, mostly at high concentrations, both analogs moderately decreased the phosphorylation of relA, p44/42 and p38 MAPK in macrophage-induced preadipocytes. CONCLUSION ZK159222 and ZK191784 act on macrophages and preadipocytes to attenuate metaflammatory responses in macrophage-induced preadipocytes, by decreasing phosphorylation of relA/NF-κB, p44/42 and p38 MAPK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, Merseyside, UK
| | - John P H Wilding
- Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, Merseyside, UK
- Clinical Sciences Centre, University Hospital Aintree, Liverpool, Merseyside, UK
- Correspondence: John PH Wilding Tel +44 151 529 5885Fax +44 151 529 5888 Email
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Lee SY, Park SB, Kim YE, Yoo HM, Hong J, Choi KJ, Kim KY, Kang D. iTRAQ-Based Quantitative Proteomic Comparison of 2D and 3D Adipocyte Cell Models Co-cultured with Macrophages Using Online 2D-nanoLC-ESI-MS/MS. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16746. [PMID: 31727937 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53196-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The demand for novel three-dimensional (3D) cell culture models of adipose tissue has been increasing, and proteomic investigations are important for determining the underlying causes of obesity, type II diabetes, and metabolic disorders. In this study, we performed global quantitative proteomic profiling of three 3D-cultured 3T3-L1 cells (preadipocytes, adipocytes and co-cultured adipocytes with macrophages) and their 2D-cultured counterparts using 2D-nanoLC-ESI-MS/MS with iTRAQ labelling. A total of 2,885 shared proteins from six types of adipose cells were identified and quantified in four replicates. Among them, 48 proteins involved in carbohydrate metabolism (e.g., PDHα, MDH1/2, FH) and the mitochondrial fatty acid beta oxidation pathway (e.g., VLCAD, ACADM, ECHDC1, ALDH6A1) were relatively up-regulated in the 3D co-culture model compared to those in 2D and 3D mono-cultured cells. Conversely, 12 proteins implicated in cellular component organisation (e.g., ANXA1, ANXA2) and the cell cycle (e.g., MCM family proteins) were down-regulated. These quantitative assessments showed that the 3D co-culture system of adipocytes and macrophages led to the development of insulin resistance, thereby providing a promising in vitro obesity model that is more equivalent to the in vivo conditions with respect to the mechanisms underpinning metabolic syndromes and the effect of new medical treatments for metabolic disorders.
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Khalyfa A, Sanz-Rubio D. Genetics and Extracellular Vesicles of Pediatrics Sleep Disordered Breathing and Epilepsy. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20215483. [PMID: 31689970 PMCID: PMC6862182 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep remains one of the least understood phenomena in biology, and sleep disturbances are one of the most common behavioral problems in childhood. The etiology of sleep disorders is complex and involves both genetic and environmental factors. Epilepsy is the most popular childhood neurological condition and is characterized by an enduring predisposition to generate epileptic seizures, and the neurobiological, cognitive, psychological, and social consequences of this condition. Sleep and epilepsy are interrelated, and the importance of sleep in epilepsy is less known. The state of sleep also influences whether a seizure will occur at a given time, and this differs considerably for various epilepsy syndromes. The development of epilepsy has been associated with single or multiple gene variants. The genetics of epilepsy is complex and disorders exhibit significant genetic heterogeneity and variability in the expressivity of seizures. Phenobarbital (PhB) is the most widely used antiepileptic drug. With its principal mechanism of action to prolong the opening time of the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-A receptor-associated chloride channel, it enhances chloride anion influx into neurons, with subsequent hyperpolarization, thereby reducing excitability. Enzymes that metabolize pharmaceuticals including PhB are well known for having genetic polymorphisms that contribute to adverse drug–drug interactions. PhB metabolism is highly dependent upon the cytochrome P450 (CYP450) and genetic polymorphisms can lead to variability in active drug levels. The highly polymorphic CYP2C19 isozymes are responsible for metabolizing a large portion of routinely prescribed drugs and variants contribute significantly to adverse drug reactions and therapeutic failures. A limited number of CYP2C19 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are involved in drug metabolism. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are circular membrane fragments released from the endosomal compartment as exosomes are shed from the surfaces of the membranes of most cell types. Increasing evidence indicated that EVs play a pivotal role in cell-to-cell communication. Theses EVs may play an important role between sleep, epilepsy, and treatments. The discovery of exosomes provides potential strategies for the diagnosis and treatment of many diseases including neurocognitive deficit. The aim of this study is to better understand and provide further knowledge about the metabolism and interactions between phenobarbital and CYP2C19 polymorphisms in children with epilepsy, interplay between sleep, and EVs. Understanding this interplay between epilepsy and sleep is helpful in the optimal treatment of all patients with epileptic seizures. The use of genetics and extracellular vesicles as precision medicine for the diagnosis and treatment of children with sleep disorder will improve the prognosis and the quality of life in patients with epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelnaby Khalyfa
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Sleep Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
- Department of Child Health and the Child Health Research Institute, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65201, USA.
| | - David Sanz-Rubio
- Department of Child Health and the Child Health Research Institute, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65201, USA.
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Durandt C, Dessels C, da Silva C, Murdoch C, Pepper MS. The Effect of Early Rounds of ex vivo Expansion and Cryopreservation on the Adipogenic Differentiation Capacity of Adipose-Derived Stromal/Stem Cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15943. [PMID: 31685852 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52086-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Multipotent adipose-derived stromal/stem cells (ASCs) are candidates for use in cellular therapies for the treatment of a variety of conditions/diseases. Ex vivo expansion of freshly isolated ASCs may be necessary prior to clinical application to ensure that clinically relevant cell numbers are administered during treatment. In addition, cryopreserving cells at early passages allows for storage of freshly isolated cells for extended periods of time before expanding these cells for clinical usage. There are however several concerns that these laboratory-based procedures may alter the characteristics of the cells and in so doing decrease their regenerative potential. In this study we report on the impact of early rounds of cryopreservation (P0) and ex vivo expansion (P0 to P5) on the phenotypic characteristics and adipogenic differentiation potential of ASCs. Our results show that ASCs that upregulate CD36 expression during adipogenic differentiation gradually decrease with increasing expansion rounds. The consequent decrease in adipogenic differentiation capacity was evident in both gene expression and flow cytometry-based phenotypic studies. Successive rounds of expansion did not however alter cell surface marker expression of the cells. We also show that early cryopreservation of ASCs (at P0) does not affect the adipogenic differentiation potential of the cells.
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Gonçalves DC, Lira FS, Yamashita AS, Carnevali Junior LC, Eder R, Laviano A, Seelaender MCL. Liver lipid metabolism disruption in cancer cachexia is aggravated by cla supplementation -induced inflammation. Clin Nutr 2019; 38:2219-2230. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2018.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Zhao J, Luo D, Zhang Z, Fan N, Wang Y, Nie H, Rong J. Celastrol-loaded PEG-PCL nanomicelles ameliorate inflammation, lipid accumulation, insulin resistance and gastrointestinal injury in diet-induced obese mice. J Control Release 2019; 310:188-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Park SB, Lee SY, Jung WH, Lee J, Jeong HG, Hong J, Kang D, Kim KY. Development of in vitro three-dimensional co-culture system for metabolic syndrome therapeutic agents. Diabetes Obes Metab 2019; 21:1146-1157. [PMID: 30609258 DOI: 10.1111/dom.13628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
AIMS There are many obstacles to overcome in the development of new drugs for metabolic diseases, including efficacy and toxicity problems in later stages of drug development. To overcome these problems and predict efficacy and toxicity in early stages, we constructed a new model of insulin resistance in terms of communication between 3T3-L1 adipocytes and RAW264.7 macrophages by three-dimensional (3D) culture. RESULTS In this study, results focused on the functional resemblance between 3D co-culture of adipocytes and macrophages and adipose tissue in diabetic mice. The 3D mono-culture preadipocytes showed good cell viability and induced cell differentiation to adipocytes, without cell confluence or cell-cell contact and interaction. The 3D co-cultured preadipocytes with RAW264.7 macrophages induced greater insulin resistance than two-dimensional and 3D mono-cultured adipocytes. Additionally, we demonstrated that 3D co-culture model had functional metabolic similarity to adipose tissue in diabetic mice. We utilized this 3D co-culture system to screen PPARγ antagonists that might have potential as therapeutic agents for diabetes as demonstrated by an in vivo assay. CONCLUSION This in vitro 3D co-culture system could serve as a next-generation platform to accelerate the development of therapeutics for metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung B Park
- Therapeutics and Biotechnology Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Y Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won H Jung
- Therapeutics and Biotechnology Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Junhee Lee
- Department of Nature-Inspired Nano Convergence System, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye G Jeong
- Department of Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongki Hong
- College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dukjin Kang
- Center for Bioanalysis, Division of Chemical and Medical Metrology, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Y Kim
- Therapeutics and Biotechnology Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of New Drug Discovery and Development, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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Cheng H, Luan J, Mu D, Wang Q, Qi J, Li Z, Fu S. M1/M2 Macrophages Play Different Roles in Adipogenic Differentiation of PDGFRα + Preadipocytes In Vitro. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2019; 43:514-520. [PMID: 30552469 DOI: 10.1007/s00266-018-1294-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND PGGFRα+ preadipocytes are the major subpopulations that can regenerate into adipocytes. Two different types of macrophages exist in the fat tissue: the classically activated macrophage (M1) and the alternatively activated macrophage (M2). In this study, we investigated whether M1/M2 macrophages play distinct roles in adipogenic differentiation of PDGFRα+ preadipocytes. METHODS Mouse preadipocytes and macrophages were isolated from C57BL/6 male mice of 6-8 weeks. The culture supernate of M1 and M2 macrophages was collected and co-cultured with the PDGFRα+ preadipocytes. After 3 days, Oil Red O staining was used to evaluate to adipogenic differentiation of PDGFRα+ preadipocytes and the expression of adipogenic-related transcription factors (C/EBP-α, PPARγ) were also tested. RESULTS The results showed that when cultured in vitro, M1 macrophages could significantly suppress the adipogenesis of PDGFRα+ preadipocytes as well as the C/EBP-α and PPARγ expression, but M2 macrophages did not have significant influence on the adipogenesis of PDGFRα+ preadipocytes nor on C/EBP-α and PPARγ expression compared with the control group. CONCLUSIONS M1 macrophages significantly suppress PDGFRα+ preadipocyte adipogenesis which provides a possible way to improve adipogenesis and fat retention after fat-free grafting by mitigating acute inflammation and manipulating M1 macrophage levels. NO LEVEL ASSIGNED This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Cheng
- Breast Plastic and Reconstructive Center, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 33 Badachu Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100144, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Luan
- Breast Plastic and Reconstructive Center, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 33 Badachu Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100144, People's Republic of China
| | - Dali Mu
- Breast Plastic and Reconstructive Center, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 33 Badachu Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100144, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Wang
- Research Center of Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100144, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Qi
- Breast Plastic and Reconstructive Center, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 33 Badachu Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100144, People's Republic of China
| | - Zifei Li
- Breast Plastic and Reconstructive Center, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 33 Badachu Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100144, People's Republic of China
| | - Su Fu
- Breast Plastic and Reconstructive Center, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 33 Badachu Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100144, People's Republic of China.
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Zhu J, Bing C, Wilding JPH. 1α,25(OH) 2D 3 attenuates IL-6 and IL-1β-mediated inflammatory responses in macrophage conditioned medium-stimulated human white preadipocytes by modulating p44/42 MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2019; 11:9. [PMID: 30697360 PMCID: PMC6346557 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-019-0405-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic syndrome is characterized by macrophage infiltration and inflammatory responses-metaflammation in adipose tissue. IL-6 and IL-1β could mediate the inflammatory responses in macrophage stimulated-preadipocytes by modulating MAPK and NF-κB pathways. To test this hypothesis we used antibodies to block IL-6 and IL-1β action in macrophage conditioned medium (MacCM)-stimulated human white preadipocytes. Moreover, as interventions that prevent this could potentially be used to treat or prevent metabolic syndrome, and 1α,25(OH)2D3 has previously been reported to exert an anti-inflammatory action on macrophage-stimulated adipocytes, in this study we also investigated whether 1α,25(OH)2D3 could attenuate inflammatory responses in MacCM-stimulated preadipocytes, and explored the potential anti-inflammatory mechanisms. METHODS Human white preadipocytes were cultured with 25% MacCM for 24 h to elicit inflammatory responses. This was confirmed by measuring the concentrations and mRNA levels of major pro-inflammatory factors [IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 and regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES)] by ELISA and qPCR, respectively. IL-6 and IL-1β actions were blocked using IL-6 antibody (300 ng/ml) and IL-1β antibody (15 μg/ml), respectively. Potential anti-inflammatory effects of 1α,25(OH)2D3 were investigated by pre-treatment and treatment of 1α,25(OH)2D3 (0.01 to 10 nM) for 48 h in MacCM-stimulated preadipocytes. In parallel, western blotting was used to determine inflammatory signaling molecules including relA of the NF-κB pathway and p44/42 MAPK modified during these processes. RESULTS MacCM enhanced the secretion and gene expression of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1 and RANTES by increasing the phosphorylation levels of relA and p44/42 MAPK in preadipocytes, whereas blocking IL-6 and IL-1β action inhibited the inflammatory responses by decreasing p44/42 MAPK and relA phosphorylation, respectively. Furthermore, 10 nM of 1α,25(OH)2D3 generally inhibited the IL-6 and IL-1β-mediated inflammatory responses, and reduced both p44/42 MAPK and relA phosphorylation in MacCM-stimulated preadipocytes. CONCLUSIONS 1α,25(OH)2D3 attenuates IL-6 and IL-1β-mediated inflammatory responses, probably by inhibiting p44/42 MAPK and relA phosphorylation in MacCM-stimulated human white preadipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Zhu
- Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, William Henry Duncan Building, University of Liverpool, 6 West Derby Street, Liverpool, L7 8TX UK
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 1055 Sanxiang Road, Gusu District, Suzhou, 215004 People’s Republic of China
| | - Chen Bing
- Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, William Henry Duncan Building, University of Liverpool, 6 West Derby Street, Liverpool, L7 8TX UK
| | - John P. H. Wilding
- Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, William Henry Duncan Building, University of Liverpool, 6 West Derby Street, Liverpool, L7 8TX UK
- Clinical Science Center, University Hospital Aintree, Longmoor Lane, Liverpool, L9 7AL UK
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Zhu J, Bing C, Wilding JP. Vitamin D receptor ligands attenuate the inflammatory profile of IL-1β-stimulated human white preadipocytes via modulating the NF-κB and unfolded protein response pathways. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 503:1049-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.06.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Luo D, Guo Y, Cheng Y, Zhao J, Wang Y, Rong J. Natural product celastrol suppressed macrophage M1 polarization against inflammation in diet-induced obese mice via regulating Nrf2/HO-1, MAP kinase and NF-κB pathways. Aging (Albany NY) 2018; 9:2069-2082. [PMID: 29040966 PMCID: PMC5680556 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Macrophage polarization is implicated in the inflammation in obesity. The aim of the present study was to examine the anti-inflammatory activities of botanical triterpene celastrol against diet-induced obesity. We treated diet-induced obese C57BL/6N male mice with celastrol (5, 7.5 mg/kg/d) for 3 weeks, and investigated macrophage M1/M2 polarization in adipose and hepatic tissues. Celastrol reduced fat accumulation and ameliorated glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. Celastrol down-regulated the mRNA levels of macrophage M1 biomarkers (e.g., IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, iNOS) in cell culture and in mice. The underlying mechanisms were investigated in murine macrophage RAW264.7 cells. Our results demonstrated that celastrol might control macrophage polarization through modulating the cross-talk between the following three mechanisms: 1) suppressing LPS-induced activation of MAP kinases (e.g., ERK1/2, p38, JNK) in a concentration dependent manner; 2) attenuating LPS-induced nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 subunit in a time dependent manner; 3) activating Nrf2 and subsequently inducing HO-1 expression. HO-1 inhibitor SnPP diminished the inhibitory effects of celastrol on the activation of NF-κB pathway and the pro-inflammatory M1 macrophage polarization. Taken together, celastrol exhibited anti-obesity effects via suppressing pro-inflammatory M1 macrophage polarization. Thus, our results provide new evidence for the potential of celastrol in the treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Luo
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Yumeng Guo
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Yuanyuan Cheng
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Jia Zhao
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Jianhui Rong
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
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Boudreau A, Fuller S, Ribnicky DM, Richard AJ, Stephens JM. Groundsel Bush (Baccharis halimifolia) Extract Promotes Adipocyte Differentiation In Vitro and Increases Adiponectin Expression in Mature Adipocytes. Biology (Basel) 2018; 7:biology7020022. [PMID: 29587377 PMCID: PMC6022969 DOI: 10.3390/biology7020022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
An ethanolic extract of Baccharis halimifolia (groundsel bush, GB), which is a native Louisiana plant with documented use in Creole folk medicine, has been shown to inhibit lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in cultured macrophages. Here, we examine the effects of GB on adipocyte development and function, as these processes are attractive targets for intervention in insulin resistance. Oil Red O neutral lipid staining, reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), and immunoblotting were used to measure GB effects on lipid accumulation, gene expression, and protein abundance, respectively. In differentiating 3T3-L1 adipocytes, GB enhanced lipid accumulation and increased expression of several adipogenic genes (GLUT4, aP2, ADPN, CEBPα, FAS, and PPARγ). Protein levels of two of these adipogenic markers (aP2 and adiponectin) were examined and found to be induced by GB treatment. In mature adipocytes, GB reduced the gene expression of resistin, a pro-inflammatory endocrine factor, increased the adiponectin protein levels in a time-dependent manner, and substantially attenuated the TNF-alpha-induced reduction in adiponectin. In macrophages, GB reduced the expression of pro-inflammatory genes that were induced by LPS. GB produces metabolically favorable changes in differentiating adipocytes, mature adipocytes, and macrophages in vitro, suggesting its potential use as a dietary supplement or nutraceutical to support metabolic health and resiliency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anik Boudreau
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University Baton Rouge, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA.
| | - Scott Fuller
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University Baton Rouge, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA.
| | - David M Ribnicky
- Biotech Center, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.
| | - Allison J Richard
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University Baton Rouge, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA.
| | - Jacqueline M Stephens
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University Baton Rouge, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA.
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Inokuchi JI, Inamori KI, Kabayama K, Nagafuku M, Uemura S, Go S, Suzuki A, Ohno I, Kanoh H, Shishido F. Biology of GM3 Ganglioside. Prog Mol Biol Transl Sci 2018; 156:151-195. [PMID: 29747813 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Since the successful molecular cloning in 1998 of GM3 synthase (GM3S, ST3GAL5), the enzyme responsible for initiating biosynthesis of all complex gangliosides, the efforts of our research group have been focused on clarifying the physiological and pathological implications of gangliosides, particularly GM3. We have identified isoforms of GM3S proteins having distinctive lengths of N-terminal cytoplasmic tails, and found that these cytoplasmic tails define subcellular localization, stability, and in vivo activity of GM3S isoforms. Our studies of the molecular pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes, focused on interaction between insulin receptor and GM3 in membrane microdomains, led to a novel concept: type 2 diabetes and certain other lifestyle-related diseases are membrane microdomain disorders resulting from aberrant expression of gangliosides. This concept has enhanced our understanding of the pathophysiological roles of GM3 and related gangliosides in various diseases involving chronic inflammation, such as insulin resistance, leptin resistance, and T-cell function and immune disorders (e.g., allergic asthma). We also demonstrated an essential role of GM3 in murine and human auditory systems; a common pathological feature of GM3S deficiency is deafness. This is the first direct link reported between gangliosides and auditory functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Ichi Inokuchi
- Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.
| | - Kei-Ichiro Inamori
- Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | | | - Masakazu Nagafuku
- Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Satoshi Uemura
- Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Shinji Go
- Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Akemi Suzuki
- Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Isao Ohno
- Center for Medical Education, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Kanoh
- Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Fumi Shishido
- Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
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Abstract
Interactions between macrophages and adipocytes influence both metabolism and inflammation. Obesity-induced changes to macrophages and adipocytes lead to chronic inflammation and insulin resistance. This paper reviews the various functions of macrophages in lean and obese adipose tissue and how obesity alters adipose tissue macrophage phenotypes. Metabolic disease and insulin resistance shift the balance between numerous pro- and anti-inflammatory regulators of macrophages and create a feed-forward loop of increasing inflammatory macrophage activation and worsening adipocyte dysfunction. This ultimately leads to adipose tissue fibrosis and diabetes. The molecular mechanisms underlying these processes have therapeutic implications for obesity, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan Thomas
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition and Weight Management, Boston Medical Center, 88 East Newton Street, H-3600, Boston, MA 02118.
| | - Caroline Apovian
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition and Weight Management, Boston Medical Center, 88 East Newton Street, Robinson 4400, Boston, MA 02118.
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Abstract
Obesity is a fast growing epidemic event worldwide. Fatness is associated with a number of comorbidities, including cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Although obesity can be heredity in 30–70% cases, the environmental contributions also play an important role in the increasing prevalence of obesity. The relationship between development of obesity and CVD is poorly characterized. Obesity and CVD can also be resulted from a common mechanism such as metabolic, inflammatory, and neurohormonal changes. Prokineticins are defined as cytokines (immunoregulatory proteins), adipokines (adipocyte-secreted hormone), angiogenic (increasing vessel formation), or aneroxic (lowering food intake) hormones. Prokineticin-mediated signaling plays a key role in the development of obesity and CVD. Two forms of prokineticins exist in circulation and in various tissues including the brain, heart, kidney, and adipose. Prokineticins act on the two G protein-coupled receptors, namely, PKR1 and PKR2. Prokineticin-2 (PK2) via PKR1 receptor controls food intake and prevents adipose tissue expansion. The anti-adipocyte effect of PKR1 signaling is due to suppression of preadipocyte proliferation and differentiation capacity into adipocytes. PK2/PKR1 signaling promotes transcapillary passages of insulin and increases insulin sensitivity. It also plays an important role in the heart and kidney development and functions. Here, we discuss PK2 as a new adipocytokine in the association between obesity and CVD. We also highlight targeting PKR1 can be a new approach to treat obesity and CVD.
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38
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Zhan W, Lu F. Activated macrophages as key mediators of capsule formation on adipose constructs in tissue engineering chamber models. Cell Biol Int 2017; 41:354-360. [DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weiqing Zhan
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery; Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guang Zhou; Guang Dong People's Republic of China
- O'Brien Institute Department; St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research; Victoria Australia
| | - Feng Lu
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery; Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guang Zhou; Guang Dong People's Republic of China
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Kim BS, Tilstam PV, Springenberg-Jung K, Boecker AH, Schmitz C, Heinrichs D, Hwang SS, Stromps JP, Ganse B, Kopp R, Knobe M, Bernhagen J, Pallua N, Bucala R. Characterization of adipose tissue macrophages and adipose-derived stem cells in critical wounds. PeerJ 2017; 5:e2824. [PMID: 28070458 PMCID: PMC5217526 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Subcutaneous adipose tissue is a rich source of adipose tissue macrophages and adipose-derived stem cells which both play a key role in wound repair. While macrophages can be divided into the classically-activated M1 and the alternatively-activated M2 phenotype, ASCs are characterized by the expression of specific stem cell markers. Methods In the present study, we have investigated the expression of common macrophage polarization and stem cell markers in acutely inflamed adipose tissue. Subcutaneous adipose tissue adjacent to acutely inflamed wounds of 20 patients and 20 healthy subjects were harvested and underwent qPCR and flow cytometry analysis. Results Expression levels of the M1-specific markers CD80, iNOS, and IL-1b were significantly elevated in inflammatory adipose tissue when compared to healthy adipose tissue, whereas the M2-specific markers CD163 and TGF-β were decreased. By flow cytometry, a significant shift of adipose tissue macrophage populations towards the M1 phenotype was confirmed. Furthermore, a decrease in the mesenchymal stem cell markers CD29, CD34, and CD105 was observed whereas CD73 and CD90 remained unchanged. Discussion This is the first report describing the predominance of M1 adipose tissue macrophages and the reduction of stem cell marker expression in acutely inflamed, non-healing wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bong-Sung Kim
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Hand Surgery-Burn Center, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen, Aachen, Germany.,Department of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, United States.,Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Katrin Springenberg-Jung
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Hand Surgery-Burn Center, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Arne Hendrick Boecker
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Hand Surgery-Burn Center, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Corinna Schmitz
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Daniel Heinrichs
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Soo Seok Hwang
- Department of Immunology, Yale University, New Haven, United States
| | - Jan Philipp Stromps
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Hand Surgery-Burn Center, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Bergita Ganse
- Department of Orthopedic Trauma Surgery, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ruedger Kopp
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Matthias Knobe
- Department of Orthopedic Trauma Surgery, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Juergen Bernhagen
- Department of Vascular Biology, Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Norbert Pallua
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Hand Surgery-Burn Center, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Richard Bucala
- Department of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, United States
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40
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Flück M, Ruoss S, Möhl CB, Valdivieso P, Benn MC, von Rechenberg B, Laczko E, Hu J, Wieser K, Meyer DC, Gerber C. Genomic and lipidomic actions of nandrolone on detached rotator cuff muscle in sheep. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 165:382-395. [PMID: 27523963 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2016.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Reversal of fatty infiltration of pennate rotator cuff muscle after tendon release is hitherto impossible. The administration of nandrolone starting at the time of tendon release prevents the increase in fat content, but does not revert established fatty infiltration. We hypothesised that tendon release and myotendinous retraction cause alterations in lipid related gene expression leading to fatty muscle infiltration, which can be suppressed by nandrolone through its genomic actions if applied immediately after tendon release. The effects of infraspinatus tendon release and subsequent tendon repair at 16 weeks were studied in six Swiss Alpine sheep. In the interventional groups, 150mg nandrolone was administered weekly after tendon release until sacrifice (N22W, n=6) or starting at the time of repair (N6W, n=6). Infraspinatus volume, composition, expressed transcripts, lipids, and selected proteins were analyzed at baseline, 16 and 22 weeks. Tendon release reduced infraspinatus volume by 22% and increased fat content from 11% to 38%. These changes were not affected by repair. Fatty infiltration was associated with up-regulation of 227 lipid species, and increased levels of the adipocyte differentiation marker PPARG2 (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma 2). Nandrolone abrogated lipid accumulation, halved the loss in fiber area percentage, and up-regulated androgen receptor levels and transcript expression in the N22W but not the N6W group. The results document that nandrolone mitigates muscle-to-fat transformation after tendon release via a general down-regulation of lipid accumulation concomitantly with up-regulated expression of its nuclear receptor and downstream transcripts in skeletal muscle. Reduced responsiveness of retracted muscle to nandrolone as observed in the N6W group is reflected by a down-regulated transcript response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Flück
- Laboratory for Muscle Plasticity, Department of Orthopedics, University of Zurich, Balgrist Campus, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Severin Ruoss
- Laboratory for Muscle Plasticity, Department of Orthopedics, University of Zurich, Balgrist Campus, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christoph B Möhl
- Laboratory for Muscle Plasticity, Department of Orthopedics, University of Zurich, Balgrist Campus, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Paola Valdivieso
- Laboratory for Muscle Plasticity, Department of Orthopedics, University of Zurich, Balgrist Campus, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mario C Benn
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Center for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, Equine Department, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Brigitte von Rechenberg
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Center for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, Equine Department, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Endre Laczko
- Functional Genomics Center Zurich (FGCZ), ETH and University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Junmin Hu
- Functional Genomics Center Zurich (FGCZ), ETH and University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Karl Wieser
- Balgrist University Hospital, Department of Orthopedics, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dominik C Meyer
- Balgrist University Hospital, Department of Orthopedics, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christian Gerber
- Balgrist University Hospital, Department of Orthopedics, Zurich, Switzerland
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Camargos ACR, Mendonça VA, Andrade CAD, Oliveira KSC, Tossige-Gomes R, Rocha-Vieira E, Neves CDC, Vieira ÉLM, Leite HR, Oliveira MX, Júnior ALT, Coimbra CC, Lacerda ACR. Neuroendocrine Inflammatory Responses in Overweight/Obese Infants. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167593. [PMID: 27907172 PMCID: PMC5132240 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Childhood obesity is related to a cascade of neuroendocrine inflammatory changes. However, there remains a gap in the current literature regarding the possible occurrence of these changes in overweight/obese infants. The objective of this study was to evaluate adipokines, cortisol, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and redox status in overweight/obese infants versus normal-weight peers. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 50 infants (25 in the overweight/obese group and 25 in the normal-weight group) between 6 and 24 months. Plasma levels of leptin, adiponectin, resistin, soluble tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptors, chemokines, BDNF, serum cortisol and redox status were measured. Unpaired Student's t-test was used to analyze the results and a probability of p<0.05 was acceptable for rejection of the null hypothesis. The Pearson correlation was used to verify the association between the biomarkers analyzed in each group. Plasma levels of leptin (p = 0.0001), adiponectin (p = 0.0007) and BDNF (p = 0.003), and serum cortisol (p = 0.048) were significantly higher in overweight/obese infants than normal-weight infants. In contrast, the concentration of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) (p = 0.004), and catalase (p = 0.045) and superoxide dismutase activity (p = 0.02) were lower in overweight/obese infants than normal-weight peers. All the results together indicate neuroendocrine inflammatory response changes in overweight/obese infants between 6 and 24 months. Although there is already an environment that predisposes for a subsequent pro-inflammatory response, neuroendocrine secretion changes that permit the control of the inflammatory process in this age interval can be observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cristina Resende Camargos
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia, Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Amaral Mendonça
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia, Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Camila Alves de Andrade
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Rosalina Tossige-Gomes
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia, Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Etel Rocha-Vieira
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia, Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Camila Danielle Cunha Neves
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia, Diamantina, Brazil
| | | | - Hércules Ribeiro Leite
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia, Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Murilo Xavier Oliveira
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Cândido Celso Coimbra
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina Rodrigues Lacerda
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia, Diamantina, Brazil
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Camargos ACR, Mendonça VA, Andrade CAD, Oliveira KSC, Lacerda ACR. Overweight and obese infants present lower cognitive and motor development scores than normal-weight peers. Res Dev Disabil 2016; 59:410-416. [PMID: 27728872 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Revised: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Compare the cognitive and motor development in overweight/obese infants versus normal-weight peers and investigate the correlation of body weight, body length and body mass index with cognitive and motor development. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study with 28 overweight/obese infants and 28 normal-weight peers between 6 and 24 months of age. Both groups were evaluated with cognitive and motor scales of the Bayley-III infant development test. The t-test for independent samples was performed to compare the groups, and the Spearman correlation was used to verify the association between variables. RESULTS Overweight/obese infants showed lower cognitive and motor composite scores than their normal-weight peers. A significant negative association was found of body weight and body length with cognitive development and of body mass index with motor development. CONCLUSION This is the first study that found an effect on both cognitive and motor development in overweight/obese infants when compared with normal-weight peers between 6 and 24 months of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cristina Resende Camargos
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia, Diamantina, Brazil.
| | - Vanessa Amaral Mendonça
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia, Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Camila Alves de Andrade
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Cristina Rodrigues Lacerda
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia, Diamantina, Brazil
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Gagnon A, Ooi TC, Cousins M, Favreau C, Henry K, Landry A, Sorisky A. The anti-adipogenic effect of peripheral blood mononuclear cells is absent with PCSK9 loss-of-function variants. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2016; 24:2384-2391. [PMID: 27662822 DOI: 10.1002/oby.21656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of (1) an oral fat load and (2) pro-protein convertase subtilisin/kexin type (PCSK) 9 loss-of-function (LOF) variant status on the ability of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) to inhibit human adipogenesis. METHODS PBMC from subjects with one or more PCSK9 LOF variants versus non-variant controls were compared in the fasting state and after an oral fat load. RESULTS Fasting triglyceride (TG) levels were lower in the LOF variant versus non-variant group but rose to the same level after the oral fat load. Conditioned medium from PBMC was obtained in fasting (PBMC-CM-F) and 4-h postprandial (PBMC-CM-PP) states. PBMC-CM-PP from non-variant controls inhibited adipogenesis of human preadipocytes more than did PBMC-CM-F. In contrast, PBMC-CM-F or -PP from PCSK9 LOF variant subjects had no effect on adipogenesis. After the oral fat load, PBMC from PCSK9 LOF variant subjects showed significant increases in mRNA levels of interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c, CD36, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), only MCP-1 mRNA levels increased in PBMC from non-variant controls. CONCLUSIONS The absence of anti-adipogenic action of PBMC from PCSK9 LOF variant subjects points to a novel role for PCSK9 in PBMC-adipose cell interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- AnneMarie Gagnon
- Chronic Disease Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Teik C Ooi
- Chronic Disease Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marion Cousins
- Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Colette Favreau
- Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kathy Henry
- Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anne Landry
- Chronic Disease Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alexander Sorisky
- Chronic Disease Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
- Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
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44
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Li Z, Xu F, Wang Z, Dai T, Ma C, Liu B, Liu Y. Macrophages Undergo M1-to-M2 Transition in Adipose Tissue Regeneration in a Rat Tissue Engineering Model. Artif Organs 2016; 40:E167-E178. [DOI: 10.1111/aor.12756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhijin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an P.R. China
- Department of Stomatology; Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Command; Wuhan P.R. China
| | - Fangfang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an P.R. China
| | - Zhifa Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an P.R. China
| | - Taiqiang Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an P.R. China
| | - Chao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an P.R. China
| | - Bin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology; Laboratory Animal Center, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an P.R. China
| | - Yanpu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an P.R. China
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Peshdary V, Gagnon A, Sorisky A. Effect of High Glucose Concentration on Human Preadipocytes and Their Response to Macrophage-Conditioned Medium. Can J Diabetes 2016; 40:411-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjd.2016.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Revised: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Pham TX, Lee JY. Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Spirulina platensis in Macrophages Is Beneficial for Adipocyte Differentiation and Maturation by Inhibiting Nuclear Factor-κB Pathway in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes. J Med Food 2016; 19:535-42. [PMID: 27206252 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2015.0156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously showed that the organic extract of a blue-green alga, Spirulina platensis (SPE), had potent anti-inflammatory effects in macrophages. As the interplay between macrophages and adipocytes is critical for adipocyte functions, we investigated the contribution of the anti-inflammatory effects of SPE in macrophages to adipogenesis/lipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were treated with 10% conditioned medium from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages (CMC) or LPS-stimulated, but SPE-pretreated, macrophages (CMS) at different stages of adipocyte differentiation. The expression of adipocyte differentiation markers, such as CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, and perilipin, was significantly repressed by CMC when added on day 3, while the repression was attenuated by CMS. Oil Red O staining confirmed that adipocyte maturation in CMS-treated cells, but not in CMC-treated cells, was equivalent to that of control cells. Nuclear translocation of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) p65 was decreased by CMS compared to CMC. In lipid-laden adipocytes, CMC promoted the loss of lipid droplets, while CMS had minimal effects. Histone deacetylase 9 mRNA and protein levels were increased during adipocyte maturation, which were decreased by CMC. In conclusion, by cross-talking with adipocytes, the anti-inflammatory effects of SPE in macrophages promoted adipocyte differentiation/maturation, at least in part, by repressing the activation of NF-κB inflammatory pathways, which otherwise can be compromised in inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tho X Pham
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut , Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Ji-Young Lee
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut , Storrs, Connecticut, USA
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Mancini A, Di Segni C, Raimondo S, Olivieri G, Silvestrini A, Meucci E, Currò D. Thyroid Hormones, Oxidative Stress, and Inflammation. Mediators Inflamm 2016; 2016:6757154. [PMID: 27051079 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6757154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 257] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Revised: 02/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation and oxidative stress (OS) are closely related processes, as well exemplified in obesity and cardiovascular diseases. OS is also related to hormonal derangement in a reciprocal way. Among the various hormonal influences that operate on the antioxidant balance, thyroid hormones play particularly important roles, since both hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism have been shown to be associated with OS in animals and humans. In this context, the nonthyroidal illness syndrome (NTIS) that typically manifests as reduced conversion of thyroxine (T4) to triiodothyronine (T3) in different acute and chronic systemic conditions is still a debated topic. The pathophysiological mechanisms of this syndrome are reviewed, together with the roles of deiodinases, the enzymes responsible for the conversion of T4 to T3, in both physiological and pathological situations. The presence of OS indexes in NTIS supports the hypothesis that it represents a condition of hypothyroidism at the tissue level and not only an adaptive mechanism to diseases.
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Zhang Y, Yu M, Tian W. Physiological and pathological impact of exosomes of adipose tissue. Cell Prolif 2016; 49:3-13. [PMID: 26776755 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are nanovesicles that have emerged as a new intercellular communication system for transporting proteins and RNAs; recent studies have shown that they play a role in many physiological and pathological processes such as immune regulation, cell differentiation, infection and cancer. By transferring proteins, mRNAs and microRNAs, exosomes act as information vehicles that alter the behavior of recipient cells. Compared to direct cell-cell contact or secreted factors, exosomes can affect recipient cells in more efficient ways. In whole adipose tissues, it has been shown that exosomes exist in supernatants of adipocytes and adipose stromal cells (ADSCs). Adipocyte exosomes are linked to lipid metabolism and obesity-related insulin resistance and exosomes secreted by ADSCs are involved in angiogenesis, immunomodulation and tumor development. This review introduces characteristics of exosomes in adipose tissue, summarizes their functions in different physiological and pathological processes and provides the further insight into potential application of exosomes to disease diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Weidong Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Bakillah A, Hussain MM. Mice subjected to aP2-Cre mediated ablation of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein are resistant to high fat diet induced obesity. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2016; 13:1. [PMID: 26752997 PMCID: PMC4706691 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-016-0061-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) is essential for the assembly of lipoproteins. MTP has been shown on the surface of lipid droplets of adipocytes; however its function in adipose tissue is not well defined. We hypothesized that MTP may play critical role in adipose lipid droplet formation and expansion. Methods Plasmids mediated overexpression and siRNA mediated knockdown of Mttp gene were performed in 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes to evaluate the effects of MTP on cell differentiation and triglyceride accumulation. Adipose-specific knockdown of MTP was achieved in mice bybreeding MTP floxed (Mttpfl/fl) mice with aP2-Cre recombinase transgenic mice. Adipose-specific MTP deficient (A-Mttp-/-) mice were fed 60 % high-fat diet (HFD), and the effects of MTP knockdown on body weight, body fat composition, plasma and tissues lipid composition, glucose metabolism, lipogenesis and intestinal absorption was studied. Lipids were measured in total fasting plasma and size fractionated plasma using colorimetric assays. Gene expression was investigated by Real-Time quantitative PCR. All data was assessed using t-test, ANOVA. Results MTP expression increased during early differentiation in 3T3-L1 cells, and declined later. The increases in MTP expression preceded PPARγ expression. MTP overexpression enhanced lipid droplets formation, and knockdown attenuated cellular lipid accumulation. These studies indicated that MTP positively affects adipogenesis. The ablation of the Mttp gene using aP2-Cre (A-Mttp-/-) in mice resulted in a lean phenotype when fed a HFD. These mice had reduced white adipose tissue compared with wild-type Mttpfl/fl mice. The adipose tissue of A-Mttp-/- mice had increased number of smaller size adipocytes and less macrophage infiltration. Further, these mice were protected from HFD-induced fatty liver. The A-Mttp-/- mice had moderate increase in plasma triglyceride, but normal cholesterol, glucose and insulin levels. Gene expression analysis showed that the adipose tissue of the A-Mttp-/- mice had significantly lower mRNA levels of PPARγ and its downstream targets. Conclusion These data suggest that MTP might modulate adipogenesis by influencing PPARγ expression, and play a role in the accretion of lipids to form larger lipid droplets. Thus, agents that inactivate adipose MTP may be useful anti-obesity drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Bakillah
- Department of Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11203 USA ; Department of Pediatrics, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11203 USA
| | - M Mahmood Hussain
- Department of Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11203 USA ; Department of Pediatrics, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11203 USA ; VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, Brooklyn, NY 11209 USA
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Baldeón Rojas L, Weigelt K, de Wit H, Ozcan B, van Oudenaren A, Sempértegui F, Sijbrands E, Grosse L, van Zonneveld AJ, Drexhage HA, Leenen PJM. Study on inflammation-related genes and microRNAs, with special emphasis on the vascular repair factor HGF and miR-574-3p, in monocytes and serum of patients with T2D. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2016; 8:6. [PMID: 26779287 PMCID: PMC4714426 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-015-0113-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, we reported signs of inflammation (raised IL-8, reduced miR-146a) and signs of vascular repair (raised HGF) in the serum of Ecuadorian patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). In contrast, we found that the circulating monocytes lacked up-regulation of classical inflammatory genes (IL-1B, IL-6, and TNF) and there was even significant down-regulation of PTGS2. Notably, genes and a microRNA involved in adhesion, cell differentiation and morphology (CD9, DHRS3, PTPN7 and miR-34c-5p) were up-regulated in the T2D monocytes, suggesting a role of the anti-inflammatory cells in adhesion, vascular repair and invasion. AIM To determine the gene expression of the vascular repair factor HGF in the circulating monocytes of patients with T2D and to investigate the relationship between HGF and the expression of the other previously tested monocyte genes and the contribution to the raised serum level of HGF. In addition, we tested the level of 6 microRNAs, which were previously found abnormal in the circulating monocytes, in the serum of the patients. METHODS A gene and microRNA expression study in monocytes and serum of 64 Ecuadorian patients with T2D (37-85 years) and 44 non-diabetic controls (32-87 years). RESULTS The gene expression of HGF was significantly raised in the monocytes of the patients with T2D and associated with the expression of genes involved in adhesion, cell differentiation and morphology. HGF gene expression did not correlate with the serum level of HGF. The monocyte expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine genes was also not associated with the serum levels of these cytokines. The level of miR-574-3p was significantly decreased in the serum of the patients with T2D, and correlated in expression with the decreased well-established inflammation-regulating miR-146a. The level of the microRNAs in serum did not correlate with their expression level in monocytes. CONCLUSION In circulating monocytes of Ecuadorian T2D patients, the microRNA and gene expression of important inflammatory/chemotactic/motility/vascular repair factors differs from the expression in serum. While monocytes show a gene expression profile compatible with an anti-inflammatory state, serum shows a molecular profile compatible with an inflammatory state. Both compartments show molecular signs of vascular repair support, i.e. up-regulated HGF levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Baldeón Rojas
- />Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- />Department of Immunology, Central University of Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Karin Weigelt
- />Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Harm de Wit
- />Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Behiye Ozcan
- />Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Eric Sijbrands
- />Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Laura Grosse
- />Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Hemmo A. Drexhage
- />Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- />Prometeo Program SENESCYT, Central University of Ecuador and Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas, Quito, Ecuador
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