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Deng D, Hao T, Lu L, Yang M, Zeng Z, Lovell JF, Liu Y, Jin H. Applications of Intravital Imaging in Cancer Immunotherapy. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:264. [PMID: 38534538 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11030264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Currently, immunotherapy is one of the most effective treatment strategies for cancer. However, the efficacy of any specific anti-tumor immunotherapy can vary based on the dynamic characteristics of immune cells, such as their rate of migration and cell-to-cell interactions. Therefore, understanding the dynamics among cells involved in the immune response can inform the optimization and improvement of existing immunotherapy strategies. In vivo imaging technologies use optical microscopy techniques to visualize the movement and behavior of cells in vivo, including cells involved in the immune response, thereby showing great potential for application in the field of cancer immunotherapy. In this review, we briefly introduce the technical aspects required for in vivo imaging, such as fluorescent protein labeling, the construction of transgenic mice, and various window chamber models. Then, we discuss the elucidation of new phenomena and mechanisms relating to tumor immunotherapy that has been made possible by the application of in vivo imaging technology. Specifically, in vivo imaging has supported the characterization of the movement of T cells during immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy and the kinetic analysis of dendritic cell migration in tumor vaccine therapy. Finally, we provide a perspective on the challenges and future research directions for the use of in vivo imaging technology in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deqiang Deng
- College of Biomedicine and Health and College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Tianli Hao
- College of Biomedicine and Health and College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Lisen Lu
- College of Biomedicine and Health and College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Muyang Yang
- College of Biomedicine and Health and College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhen Zeng
- College of Biomedicine and Health and College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jonathan F Lovell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Yushuai Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Honglin Jin
- College of Biomedicine and Health and College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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2
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Ulibarri MR, Lin Y, Ramprashad JR, Han G, Hasan MH, Mithila FJ, Ma C, Gopinath S, Zhang N, Milner JJ, Beura LK. Epithelial organoid supports resident memory CD8 T cell differentiation. bioRxiv 2023:2023.12.01.569395. [PMID: 38076957 PMCID: PMC10705482 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.01.569395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Resident Memory T cells (TRM) play a vital role in regional immune defense in barrier organs. Although laboratory rodents have been extensively used to study fundamental TRM biology, poor isolation efficiency, sampling bias and low cell survival rates have limited our ability to conduct TRM-focused high-throughput assays. Here, we engineered a murine vaginal epithelial organoid (VEO)-CD8 T cell co-culture system that supports CD8 TRM differentiation in vitro. The three-dimensional VEOs established from murine adult stem cells resembled stratified squamous vaginal epithelium and induced gradual differentiation of activated CD8 T cells into epithelial TRM. These in vitro generated TRM were phenotypically and transcriptionally similar to in vivo TRM, and key tissue residency features were reinforced with a second cognate-antigen exposure during co-culture. TRM differentiation was not affected even when VEOs and CD8 T cells were separated by a semipermeable barrier, indicating soluble factors' involvement. Pharmacological and genetic approaches showed that TGF-β signaling played a crucial role in their differentiation. We found that the VEOs in our model remained susceptible to viral infections and the CD8 T cells were amenable to genetic manipulation; both of which will allow detailed interrogation of antiviral CD8 T cell biology in a reductionist setting. In summary, we established a robust model which captures bonafide TRM differentiation that is scalable, open to iterative sampling, and can be subjected to high throughput assays that will rapidly add to our understanding of TRM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max R. Ulibarri
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912
| | - Ying Lin
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912
- Pathobiology Graduate Program, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912
| | - Julian R. Ramprashad
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912
| | - Geongoo Han
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912
| | - Mohammad H. Hasan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912
| | - Farha J. Mithila
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912
- Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry Graduate Program, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912
| | - Chaoyu Ma
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, 78229
| | - Smita Gopinath
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Cambridge, MA, 02115
| | - Nu Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, 78229
- South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, 78229
| | - J. Justin Milner
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599
| | - Lalit K. Beura
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912
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3
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Hughson AL, Hannon G, Salama NA, Vrooman TG, Stockwell CA, Mills BN, Garrett-Larsen J, Qiu H, Katerji R, Benoodt L, Johnston CJ, Murphy JD, Kruger E, Ye J, Gavras NW, Keeley DC, Qin SS, Lesch ML, Muhitch JB, Love TMT, Calvi LM, Lord EM, Luheshi N, Elyes J, Linehan DC, Gerber SA. Local Delivery of SBRT and IL12 by mRNA Technology Overcomes Immunosuppressive Barriers to Eliminate Pancreatic Cancer. bioRxiv 2023:2023.10.30.564833. [PMID: 37961513 PMCID: PMC10635000 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.30.564833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
The immunosuppressive milieu in pancreatic cancer (PC) is a significant hurdle to treatments, resulting in survival statistics that have barely changed in 5 decades. Here we present a combination treatment consisting of stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) and IL-12 mRNA lipid nanoparticles delivered directly to pancreatic murine tumors. This treatment was effective against primary and metastatic models, achieving cures in both settings. IL-12 protein concentrations were transient and localized primarily to the tumor. Depleting CD4 and CD8 T cells abrogated treatment efficacy, confirming they were essential to treatment response. Single cell RNA sequencing from SBRT/IL-12 mRNA treated tumors demonstrated not only a complete loss of T cell exhaustion, but also an abundance of highly proliferative and effector T cell subtypes. SBRT elicited T cell receptor clonal expansion, whereas IL-12 licensed these cells with effector function. This is the first report demonstrating the utility of SBRT and IL-12 mRNA in PC. Statement of significance This study demonstrates the use of a novel combination treatment consisting of radiation and immunotherapy in murine pancreatic tumors. This treatment could effectively treat local and metastatic disease, suggesting it may have the potential to treat a cancer that has not seen a meaningful increase in survival in 5 decades.
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Zemanek T, Nova Z, Nicodemou A. Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes and Adoptive Cell Therapy: State of the Art in Colorectal, Breast and Lung Cancer. Physiol Res 2023; 72:S209-S224. [PMID: 37888965 PMCID: PMC10669950 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.935155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Our knowledge of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) is dramatically expanding. These cells have proven prognostic and therapeutic value for many cancer outcomes and potential to treat also disseminated breast, colorectal, or lung cancer. However, the therapeutical outcome of TILs is negatively affected by tumor mutational burden and neoantigens. On the other hand, it can be improved in combination with checkpoint blockade therapy. This knowledge and rapid detection techniques alongside gene editing allow us to classify and modify T cells in many ways. Hence, to tailor them precisely to the patient´s needs as to program T cell receptors to recognize specific tumor-associated neoantigens and to insert them into lymphocytes or to select tumor neoantigen-specific T cells, for the development of vaccines that recognize tumor-specific antigens in tumors or metastases. Further studies and clinical trials in the field are needed for an even better-detailed understanding of TILs interactions and aiming in the fight against multiple cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Zemanek
- Lambda Life, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
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Pan Q, Weng D, Liu J, Han Z, Ou Y, Xu B, Peng R, Que Y, Wen X, Yang J, Zhong S, Zeng L, Chen A, Gong H, Lin Y, Chen J, Ma K, Lau JYN, Li Y, Fan Z, Zhang X. Phase 1 clinical trial to assess safety and efficacy of NY-ESO-1-specific TCR T cells in HLA-A∗02:01 patients with advanced soft tissue sarcoma. Cell Rep Med 2023; 4:101133. [PMID: 37586317 PMCID: PMC10439245 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
New York esophageal squamous cell carcinoma-1 (NY-ESO-1)-specific T cell receptor (TCR) T cell therapy is effective in tumors with NY-ESO-1 expression, but a safe and effective TCR-T cell therapeutic protocol remains to be improved. Here, we report a phase 1 investigational new drug clinical trial with TCR affinity-enhanced specific T cell therapy (TAEST16001) for targeting NY-ESO-1. Enrolled patients receive TAEST16001 cell infusion after dose-reduced lymphodepletion with cyclophosphamide (15 mg/kg/day × 3 days) combined with fludarabine (20 mg/m2/day × 3 days), and the TCR-T cells are maintained with low doses of interleukin-2 injection post-adoptive transfer. Analysis of 12 patients treated with the regimen demonstrates no treatment-related serious adverse events. The overall response rate is 41.7%. The median progression-free survival is 7.2 months, and the median duration of response is 13.1 months. The protocol of TAEST16001 cells delivers a safe and highly effective treatment for patients with advanced soft tissue sarcoma (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04318964).
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuzhong Pan
- Melanoma and Sarcoma Medical Oncology Unit, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, P.R. China
| | - Desheng Weng
- Melanoma and Sarcoma Medical Oncology Unit, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, P.R. China
| | - Jiayong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumor, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, 52 Fucheng Road, Beijing 100142, P.R. China
| | - Zhaosheng Han
- Xiangxue Life Science Technology (Guangdong) Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510663, P.R. China
| | - Yusheng Ou
- Xiangxue Life Science Technology (Guangdong) Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510663, P.R. China
| | - Bushu Xu
- Melanoma and Sarcoma Medical Oncology Unit, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, P.R. China
| | - Ruiqing Peng
- Melanoma and Sarcoma Medical Oncology Unit, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, P.R. China
| | - Yi Que
- Melanoma and Sarcoma Medical Oncology Unit, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, P.R. China
| | - Xizhi Wen
- Melanoma and Sarcoma Medical Oncology Unit, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, P.R. China
| | - Jing Yang
- Melanoma and Sarcoma Medical Oncology Unit, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, P.R. China
| | - Shi Zhong
- Xiangxue Life Science Technology (Guangdong) Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510663, P.R. China
| | - Lun Zeng
- Xiangxue Life Science Technology (Guangdong) Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510663, P.R. China
| | - Aiyuan Chen
- Xiangxue Life Science Technology (Guangdong) Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510663, P.R. China
| | - Haiping Gong
- Xiangxue Life Science Technology (Guangdong) Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510663, P.R. China
| | - Yanmei Lin
- Xiangxue Life Science Technology (Guangdong) Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510663, P.R. China
| | - Jiewen Chen
- Xiangxue Life Science Technology (Guangdong) Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510663, P.R. China
| | - Ke Ma
- Xiangxue Life Science Technology (Guangdong) Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510663, P.R. China
| | - Johnson Y N Lau
- Axis Therapeutics, Ltd., Hong Kong SAR, P.R. China; Athenex, Conventus Building, 1001 Main Street, Suite 600, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Yi Li
- Xiangxue Life Science Technology (Guangdong) Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510663, P.R. China.
| | - Zhengfu Fan
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumor, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, 52 Fucheng Road, Beijing 100142, P.R. China.
| | - Xing Zhang
- Melanoma and Sarcoma Medical Oncology Unit, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, P.R. China.
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6
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Jou E. Type 1 and type 2 cytokine-mediated immune orchestration in the tumour microenvironment and their therapeutic potential. Explor Target Antitumor Ther 2023; 4:474-497. [PMID: 37455828 PMCID: PMC10345208 DOI: 10.37349/etat.2023.00146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer remains the second leading cause of death worldwide despite modern breakthroughs in medicine, and novel treatments are urgently needed. The revolutionary success of immune checkpoint inhibitors in the past decade serves as proof of concept that the immune system can be effectively harnessed to treat cancer. Cytokines are small signalling proteins with critical roles in orchestrating the immune response and have become an attractive target for immunotherapy. Type 1 immune cytokines, including interferon γ (IFNγ), interleukin-12 (IL-12), and tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα), have been shown to have largely tumour suppressive roles in part through orchestrating anti-tumour immune responses mediated by natural killer (NK) cells, CD8+ T cells and T helper 1 (Th1) cells. Conversely, type 2 immunity involving group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) and Th2 cells are involved in tissue regeneration and wound repair and are traditionally thought to have pro-tumoural effects. However, it is found that the classical type 2 immune cytokines IL-4, IL-5, IL-9, and IL-13 may have conflicting roles in cancer. Similarly, type 2 immunity-related cytokines IL-25 and IL-33 with recently characterised roles in cancer may either promote or suppress tumorigenesis in a context-dependent manner. Furthermore, type 1 cytokines IFNγ and TNFα have also been found to have pro-tumoural effects under certain circumstances, further complicating the overall picture. Therefore, the dichotomy of type 1 and type 2 cytokines inhibiting and promoting tumours respectively is not concrete, and attempts of utilising these for cancer immunotherapy must take into account all available evidence. This review provides an overview summarising the current understanding of type 1 and type 2 cytokines in tumour immunity and discusses the prospects of harnessing these for immunotherapy in light of previous and ongoing clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Jou
- Queens’ College, University of Cambridge, CB3 9ET Cambridge, UK
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CB2 0QH Cambridge, UK
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7
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Shao Q, Lundgren M, Lynch J, Jiang M, Mir M, Bischof J, Nelson M. Tumor therapeutic response monitored by telemetric temperature sensing, a preclinical study on immunotherapy and chemotherapy. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7727. [PMID: 37173516 PMCID: PMC10182083 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34919-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Temperature in the body and the tumor reflects physiological and pathological conditions. A reliable, contactless, and simplistic measurement system can be used for long-term monitoring of disease progression and therapy response. In this study, miniaturized battery-free wireless chips implanted into growing tumors on small animals were used to capture both basal and tumor temperature dynamics. Three preclinical models: melanoma (B16), breast cancer (4T1), and colon cancer (MC-38), were treated with adoptive T cell transfer, AC-T chemotherapy, and anti-PD-1 immunotherapy respectively. Each model presents a distinctive pattern of temperature history dependent on the tumor characteristic and influenced by the administered therapy. Certain features are associated with positive therapeutic response, for instance the transient reduction of body and tumor temperature following adaptive T cell transfer, the elevation of tumor temperature following chemotherapy, and a steady decline of body temperature following anti-PD-1 therapy. Tracking in vivo thermal activity by cost-effective telemetric sensing has the potential of offering earlier treatment assessment to patients without requiring complex imaging or lab testing. Multi-parametric on-demand monitoring of tumor microenvironment by permanent implants and its integration into health information systems could further advance cancer management and reduce patient burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Shao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA.
| | - Mia Lundgren
- Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Justin Lynch
- School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Minhan Jiang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Mikael Mir
- School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - John Bischof
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Michael Nelson
- Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
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8
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Ford BR, Poholek AC. Regulation and Immunotherapeutic Targeting of the Epigenome in Exhausted CD8 T Cell Responses. J Immunol 2023; 210:869-879. [PMID: 36947818 PMCID: PMC10037537 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Exhaustion is a state of CD8 T cell differentiation that occurs in settings of chronic Ag such as tumors, chronic viral infection, and autoimmunity. Cellular differentiation is driven by a series of environmental signals that promote epigenetic landscapes that set transcriptomes needed for function. For CD8 T cells, the epigenome that underlies exhaustion is distinct from effector and memory cell differentiation, suggesting that signals early on set in motion a process where the epigenome is modified to promote a trajectory toward a dysfunctional state. Although we know many signals that promote exhaustion, putting this in the context of the epigenetic changes that occur during differentiation has been less clear. In this review, we aim to summarize the epigenetic changes associated with exhaustion in the context of signals that promote it, highlighting immunotherapeutic studies that support these observations or areas for future therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Rhodes Ford
- Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; and Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Amanda C Poholek
- Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; and Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
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Neo SY, Xu S, Chong J, Lam KP, Wu J. Harnessing novel strategies and cell types to overcome immune tolerance during adoptive cell therapy in cancer. J Immunother Cancer 2023; 11:jitc-2022-006434. [PMID: 37100458 PMCID: PMC10151952 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2022-006434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell therapy encompasses an expanding spectrum of cell-based regimes for the treatment of human ailments, such as the use of immune cells, in particular T cells, for combating tumors and the modulation of inflammatory immune responses. In this review, we focus on cell therapy in the immuno-oncology space, which is largely driven by interests and demands from the clinics for better solutions to target various hard-to-treat cancers. We discuss recent advances in various types of cell therapies, including T cell receptor-T cells, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and natural killer cells. Particularly, the present review focuses on the strategies to improve therapeutic responses by either enhancing tumor recognition or the resilience of infused immune cells within tumor microenvironment. Finally, we discuss the potential of other innate or innate-like immune cell types currently being explored as promising CAR-cell alternatives that seek to address the limitations of conventional adoptive cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Yong Neo
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Republic of Singapore
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Shengli Xu
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Republic of Singapore
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Joni Chong
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Kong-Peng Lam
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Republic of Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pharmacy, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, People's Republic of China
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10
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Gao W, Pan J, Pan J. Antitumor Activities of Interleukin-12 in Melanoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14225592. [PMID: 36428682 PMCID: PMC9688694 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14225592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is the most common and serious malignant tumor among skin cancers. Although more and more studies have revolutionized the systematic treatment of advanced melanoma in recent years, access to innovative drugs for melanoma is still greatly restricted in many countries. IL-12 produced mainly by antigen-presenting cells regulates the immune response and affects the differentiation of T cells in the process of antigen presentation. However, the dose-limited toxicity of IL-12 limits its clinical application. The present review summarizes the basic biological functions and toxicity of IL-12 in the treatment of melanoma and discusses the clinical application of IL-12, especially the combination of IL-12 with immune checkpoint inhibitors, cytokines and other therapeutic drugs. We also summarize several promising technological approaches such as carriers that have been developed to improve the pharmacokinetics, efficacy and safety of IL-12 or IL-12 encoding plasmid application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Gao
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Jun Pan
- Institute of Cancer, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Jianping Pan
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou 310015, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-0571-88285702
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11
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Wanhainen KM, Peng C, Zhou MH, de Gois Macedo B, O’Flanagan S, Yang T, Kelekar A, Burbach BJ, da Silva HB, Jameson SC. P2RX7 Enhances Tumor Control by CD8+ T Cells in Adoptive Cell Therapy. Cancer Immunol Res 2022; 10:871-884. [PMID: 35588154 PMCID: PMC9250641 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-21-0691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Expression of the purinergic receptor P2RX7 by CD8+ T cells promotes the generation of memory populations following acute infections. However, data suggest that P2RX7 may limit the efficacy of antitumor responses. Herein, we show that P2RX7 is beneficial for optimal melanoma control in a mouse CD8+ T-cell adoptive transfer model. Tumor-specific P2rx7-/- CD8+ T cells exhibited impaired mitochondrial maintenance and function but did not display signs of overt exhaustion early in the antitumor response. However, as the tumor burden increased, the relative frequency of P2RX7-deficient CD8+ T cells declined within the tumor; this correlated with reduced proliferation, increased apoptosis, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Extending these studies, we found that the transient in vitro stimulation of P2RX7 using the ATP analogue BzATP led to enhanced B16 melanoma control by CD8+ T cells. These findings are in keeping with the concept that extracellular ATP (eATP) sensing by P2RX7 on CD8+ T cells is required for their ability to efficiently eliminate tumors by promoting mitochondrial fitness and underscore the potential for P2RX7 stimulation as a novel therapeutic treatment to enhance tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey M. Wanhainen
- University of Minnesota Center for Immunology, Masonic Cancer Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Minneapolis MN
| | - Changwei Peng
- University of Minnesota Center for Immunology, Masonic Cancer Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Minneapolis MN
| | | | | | | | - Tingyuan Yang
- University of Minnesota Center for Immunology, Masonic Cancer Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Minneapolis MN
| | - Ameeta Kelekar
- University of Minnesota Center for Immunology, Masonic Cancer Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Minneapolis MN
| | - Brandon J. Burbach
- University of Minnesota Center for Immunology, Masonic Cancer Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Minneapolis MN
| | - Henrique Borges da Silva
- University of Minnesota Center for Immunology, Masonic Cancer Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Minneapolis MN
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Immunology, Scottsdale, AZ
| | - Stephen C. Jameson
- University of Minnesota Center for Immunology, Masonic Cancer Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Minneapolis MN
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Kang S, Li Y, Qiao J, Meng X, He Z, Gao X, Yu L. Antigen-Specific TCR-T Cells for Acute Myeloid Leukemia: State of the Art and Challenges. Front Oncol 2022; 12:787108. [PMID: 35356211 PMCID: PMC8959347 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.787108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The cytogenetic abnormalities and molecular mutations involved in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) lead to unique treatment challenges. Although adoptive T-cell therapies (ACT) such as chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy have shown promising results in the treatment of leukemias, especially B-cell malignancies, the optimal target surface antigen has yet to be discovered for AML. Alternatively, T-cell receptor (TCR)-redirected T cells can target intracellular antigens presented by HLA molecules, allowing the exploration of a broader territory of new therapeutic targets. Immunotherapy using adoptive transfer of WT1 antigen-specific TCR-T cells, for example, has had positive clinical successes in patients with AML. Nevertheless, AML can escape from immune system elimination by producing immunosuppressive factors or releasing several cytokines. This review presents recent advances of antigen-specific TCR-T cells in treating AML and discusses their challenges and future directions in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Synat Kang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, International Cancer Center, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Hematological Malignancies, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yisheng Li
- Central Laboratory, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jingqiao Qiao
- Central Laboratory, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiangyu Meng
- Central Laboratory, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ziqian He
- Central Laboratory, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xuefeng Gao
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, International Cancer Center, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Hematological Malignancies, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China.,Central Laboratory, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Li Yu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, International Cancer Center, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Hematological Malignancies, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
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13
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Titov A, Kaminskiy Y, Ganeeva I, Zmievskaya E, Valiullina A, Rakhmatullina A, Petukhov A, Miftakhova R, Rizvanov A, Bulatov E. Knowns and Unknowns about CAR-T Cell Dysfunction. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14041078. [PMID: 35205827 PMCID: PMC8870103 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14041078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The primary issue of adoptive cell therapy is the poor in vivo persistence. In this context, it is necessary to clarify the fundamental mechanisms of T cell dysfunction. Here we review common dysfunctional states, including exhaustion and senescence, and discuss the challenges associated with phenotypical characterization of these T cell subsets. We overview the heterogeneity among exhausted T cells as well as mechanisms by which T cells get reinvigorated by checkpoint inhibitors. We emphasize that some cancers not responding to such treatment may activate distinct T cell dysfunction programs. Finally, we describe the dysfunction-promoting mechanisms specific for CAR-T cells and the ways to mitigate them. Abstract Immunotherapy using chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells is a promising option for cancer treatment. However, T cells and CAR-T cells frequently become dysfunctional in cancer, where numerous evasion mechanisms impair antitumor immunity. Cancer frequently exploits intrinsic T cell dysfunction mechanisms that evolved for the purpose of defending against autoimmunity. T cell exhaustion is the most studied type of T cell dysfunction. It is characterized by impaired proliferation and cytokine secretion and is often misdefined solely by the expression of the inhibitory receptors. Another type of dysfunction is T cell senescence, which occurs when T cells permanently arrest their cell cycle and proliferation while retaining cytotoxic capability. The first section of this review provides a broad overview of T cell dysfunctional states, including exhaustion and senescence; the second section is focused on the impact of T cell dysfunction on the CAR-T therapeutic potential. Finally, we discuss the recent efforts to mitigate CAR-T cell exhaustion, with an emphasis on epigenetic and transcriptional modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksei Titov
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (A.T.); (I.G.); (E.Z.); (A.V.); (A.R.); (A.P.); (R.M.); (A.R.)
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunology, National Research Centre for Hematology, 125167 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Yaroslav Kaminskiy
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunology, National Research Centre for Hematology, 125167 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Irina Ganeeva
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (A.T.); (I.G.); (E.Z.); (A.V.); (A.R.); (A.P.); (R.M.); (A.R.)
| | - Ekaterina Zmievskaya
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (A.T.); (I.G.); (E.Z.); (A.V.); (A.R.); (A.P.); (R.M.); (A.R.)
| | - Aygul Valiullina
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (A.T.); (I.G.); (E.Z.); (A.V.); (A.R.); (A.P.); (R.M.); (A.R.)
| | - Aygul Rakhmatullina
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (A.T.); (I.G.); (E.Z.); (A.V.); (A.R.); (A.P.); (R.M.); (A.R.)
| | - Alexey Petukhov
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (A.T.); (I.G.); (E.Z.); (A.V.); (A.R.); (A.P.); (R.M.); (A.R.)
- Institute of Hematology, Almazov National Medical Research Center, 197341 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Regina Miftakhova
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (A.T.); (I.G.); (E.Z.); (A.V.); (A.R.); (A.P.); (R.M.); (A.R.)
| | - Albert Rizvanov
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (A.T.); (I.G.); (E.Z.); (A.V.); (A.R.); (A.P.); (R.M.); (A.R.)
| | - Emil Bulatov
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (A.T.); (I.G.); (E.Z.); (A.V.); (A.R.); (A.P.); (R.M.); (A.R.)
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence:
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Abstract
Tumor immunotherapy is considered to be a novel and promising therapy for tumors and it has recently become a hot research topic. The clinical success of tumor immunotherapy has been notable, but it has been less than totally satisfactory because tumor immunotherapy has performed poorly in numerous patients although it has shown appreciable efficacy in some patients. A minority of patients demonstrate durable responses but the majority of patients do not respond to tumor immunotherapy as the tumor immune microenvironment is different in different patients for different tumor types. The success of tumor immunotherapy may be affected by the heterogeneity of the tumor immune microenvironment and its components, as these vary widely during neoplastic progression. The deepening of research and the development of technology have improved our understanding of the complexity and heterogeneity of the tumor immune microenvironment and its components, and their effects on response to tumor immunotherapy. Therefore, investigating the tumor immune microenvironment and its components and elucidating their association with tumor immunotherapy should improve the ability to study, predict and guide immunotherapeutic responsiveness, and uncover new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changsheng Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, P.R. China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou 550002, P.R. China.,School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, P.R. China.,Cancer Research Center of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, P.R. China.,Retroperitoneal Tumor Research Center of Oncology Chapter of Chinese Medical Association, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, P.R. China
| | - Qianqian Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, P.R. China.,School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, P.R. China
| | - Yi Xiang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou 550002, P.R. China
| | - Xin Gou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou 550002, P.R. China
| | - Wengang Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, P.R. China.,School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, P.R. China.,Cancer Research Center of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, P.R. China.,Retroperitoneal Tumor Research Center of Oncology Chapter of Chinese Medical Association, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, P.R. China
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15
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Song D, Yan F, Fu H, Li L, Hao J, Zhu Z, Ye L, Zhang Y, Jin M, Dai L, Fang H, Song Z, Wu D, Wang X. A cellular census of human peripheral immune cells identifies novel cell states in lung diseases. Clin Transl Med 2021; 11:e579. [PMID: 34841705 PMCID: PMC8611783 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence supports a central role of the immune system in lung diseases. Understanding how immunological alterations between lung diseases provide opportunities for immunotherapy. Exhausted T cells play a key role of immune suppression in lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was proved in our previous study. The present study aims to furthermore define molecular landscapes and heterogeneity of systemic immune cell target proteomic and transcriptomic profiles and interactions between circulating immune cells and lung residential cells in various lung diseases. We firstly measured target proteomic profiles of circulating immune cells from healthy volunteers and patients with stable pneumonia, stable asthma, acute asthma, acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and lung cancer, using single-cell analysis by cytometry by time-of-flight with 42 antibodies. The nine immune cells landscape was mapped among those respiratory system diseases, including CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, dendritic cells, B cells, eosinophil, γδT cells, monocytes, neutrophil and natural killer cells. The double-negative T cells and exhausted CD4+ central memory T cells subset were identified in patients with acute pneumonia. This T subset expressed higher levels of T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing protein 3 (Tim3) and T-cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domains (TIGIT) in patients with acute pneumonia and stable pneumonia. Biological processes and pathways of immune cells including immune response activation, regulation of cell cycle and pathways in cancer in peripheral blood immune cells were defined by bulk RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). The heterogeneity among immune cells including CD4+ , CD8+ T cells and NK T cells by single immune cell RNA-seq with significant difference was found by single-cell sequencing. The effect of interstitial telocytes on the immune cell types and immune function was finally studied and the expressions of CD8a and chemokine C-C motif receptor 7 (CCR7) were increased significantly in co-cultured groups. Our data indicate that proteomic and transcriptomic profiles and heterogeneity of circulating immune cells provides new insights for understanding new molecular mechanisms of immune cell function, interaction and modulation as a source to identify and develop biomarkers and targets for lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongli Song
- Zhongshan HospitalDepartment of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineInstitute for Clinical ScienceShanghai Medical UniversityFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Furong Yan
- Zhongshan HospitalDepartment of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineInstitute for Clinical ScienceShanghai Medical UniversityFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Huirong Fu
- Zhongshan HospitalDepartment of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineInstitute for Clinical ScienceShanghai Medical UniversityFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Liyang Li
- Zhongshan HospitalDepartment of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineInstitute for Clinical ScienceShanghai Medical UniversityFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Jie Hao
- Zhongshan HospitalDepartment of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineInstitute for Clinical ScienceShanghai Medical UniversityFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Zhenhua Zhu
- Zhongshan HospitalDepartment of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineInstitute for Clinical ScienceShanghai Medical UniversityFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Ling Ye
- Zhongshan HospitalDepartment of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineInstitute for Clinical ScienceShanghai Medical UniversityFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yong Zhang
- Zhongshan HospitalDepartment of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineInstitute for Clinical ScienceShanghai Medical UniversityFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Meiling Jin
- Zhongshan HospitalDepartment of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineInstitute for Clinical ScienceShanghai Medical UniversityFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Lihua Dai
- Department of EmergencyShidong Hospital of Yangpu DistrictShanghaiChina
| | - Hao Fang
- Department of AnesthesiologyZhongshan HospitalShanghai Medical UniversityFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Zhenju Song
- Department of EmergencyZhongshan HospitalShanghai Medical UniversityFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Duojiao Wu
- Zhongshan HospitalDepartment of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineInstitute for Clinical ScienceShanghai Medical UniversityFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Institute of Clinical BioinformaticsShanghai Engineering Research for AI Technology for Cardiopulmonary DiseasesShanghaiChina
- Jinshan Hospital Centre for Tumour Diagnosis and TherapyShanghai Medical UniversityFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xiangdong Wang
- Zhongshan HospitalDepartment of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineInstitute for Clinical ScienceShanghai Medical UniversityFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Institute of Clinical BioinformaticsShanghai Engineering Research for AI Technology for Cardiopulmonary DiseasesShanghaiChina
- Jinshan Hospital Centre for Tumour Diagnosis and TherapyShanghai Medical UniversityFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
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16
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Maurice NJ, Berner J, Taber AK, Zehn D, Prlic M. Inflammatory signals are sufficient to elicit TOX expression in mouse and human CD8+ T cells. JCI Insight 2021; 6:150744. [PMID: 34032638 PMCID: PMC8410038 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.150744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
T cell receptor (TCR) stimulation leads to the expression of the transcription factor thymocyte selection–associated high-mobility group box (TOX). Prolonged TCR signaling, such as encountered during chronic infections or in tumors, leads to sustained TOX expression, which is required for the induction of a state of exhaustion or dysfunction. Although CD8+ memory T (Tmem) cells in mice typically do not express TOX at steady state, some human Tmem cells express TOX but appear fully functional. This seeming discrepancy between mouse and human T cells has led to the speculation that TOX is differentially regulated between these species, which could complicate the interpretation of preclinical mouse model studies. We report here that, similar to TCR-mediated signals, inflammatory cytokines are also sufficient to increase TOX expression in human and mouse Tmem cells. Thus, TOX expression is controlled by the environment, which provides an explanation for the different TOX expression patterns encountered in T cells isolated from specific pathogen–free laboratory mice versus humans. Finally, we report that TOX is not necessary for cytokine-driven expression of programmed cell death 1. Overall, our data highlight that the mechanisms regulating TOX expression are conserved across species and indicate that TOX expression reflects a T cell’s activation state and does not necessarily correlate with T cell dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Maurice
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jacqueline Berner
- Division of Animal Physiology and Immunology, Technical University of Munich School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Alexis K Taber
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Dietmar Zehn
- Division of Animal Physiology and Immunology, Technical University of Munich School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Martin Prlic
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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17
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Qin SS, Melucci AD, Chacon AC, Prieto PA. Adoptive T Cell Therapy for Solid Tumors: Pathway to Personalized Standard of Care. Cells 2021; 10:cells10040808. [PMID: 33916369 PMCID: PMC8067276 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) with tumor-infiltrating T cells (TILs) has emerged as a promising therapy for the treatment of unresectable or metastatic solid tumors. One challenge to finding a universal anticancer treatment is the heterogeneity present between different tumors as a result of genetic instability associated with tumorigenesis. As the epitome of personalized medicine, TIL-ACT bypasses the issue of intertumoral heterogeneity by utilizing the patient’s existing antitumor immune response. Despite being one of the few therapies capable of inducing durable, complete tumor regression, many patients fail to respond. Recent research has focused on increasing therapeutic efficacy by refining various aspects of the TIL protocol, which includes the isolation, ex vivo expansion, and subsequent infusion of tumor specific lymphocytes. This review will explore how the therapy has evolved with time by highlighting various resistance mechanisms to TIL therapy and the novel strategies to overcome them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyang S. Qin
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine & Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA;
| | - Alexa D. Melucci
- Department of Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; (A.D.M.); (A.C.C.)
| | - Alexander C. Chacon
- Department of Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; (A.D.M.); (A.C.C.)
| | - Peter A. Prieto
- Department of Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; (A.D.M.); (A.C.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(585)-703-4655
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18
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Wijeyesinghe S, Beura LK, Pierson MJ, Stolley JM, Adam OA, Ruscher R, Steinert EM, Rosato PC, Vezys V, Masopust D. Expansible residence decentralizes immune homeostasis. Nature 2021; 592:457-462. [PMID: 33731934 PMCID: PMC8057530 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03351-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Metazoans relegate specific tasks to dedicated organs that are established early in development, occupy discrete anatomic locations, and typically remain fixed in size. The adult immune system arises from a centralized hematopoietic niche that maintains self-renewing potential1,2, and upon maturation, becomes distributed throughout the body to monitor environmental perturbations, regulate tissue homeostasis, and mediate organism-wide defense. This study examines how immunity is integrated within adult mouse tissues while addressing issues of durability, expansibility, and contribution to organ cellularity. Focusing on antiviral T cell immunity, we observe durable maintenance of resident memory T cells (TRM) up to 450 days after infection. Once established, resident T cells did not require the T cell receptor for survival or retention of a poised effector-like state. While resident memory indefinitely dominated most mucosal organs, surgical separation of parabiotic mice unexpectedly revealed a tissue-resident provenance for bloodborne effector memory T cells, and circulating memory slowly made substantial contributions to tissue immunity in some organs. Following additional microbial experiences via serial immunizations or pet shop mice co-housing, for most tissues we find tissue pliancy allows for the accretion of tissue-resident memory, without axiomatic erosion of preexisting antiviral T cell immunity. Extending these findings, we demonstrate tissue residence and organ pliancy are generalizable aspects underlying the homeostasis of innate and adaptive immunity. The immune system-at-large grows commensurate to microbial experience reaching up to 25% of visceral organ cellularity. Regardless of location, many white blood cell populations adopted a tissue residency program within nonlymphoid organs. Thus, residence, rather than renewal or recirculation, typifies nonlymphoid immune surveillance, and organs serve as a pliant storage reservoir that can accommodate the continuous expansion of the cellular immune system throughout life. While hematopoiesis (‘to make blood’) restores certain elements of the immune system, in parallel, nonlymphoid organs sustain an accrual of durable tissue-autonomous cellular immunity, resulting in the progressive decentralization of organismal immune homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathi Wijeyesinghe
- Center for Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Lalit K Beura
- Center for Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Mark J Pierson
- Center for Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - J Michael Stolley
- Center for Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Omar A Adam
- Center for Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Roland Ruscher
- Center for Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
| | - Elizabeth M Steinert
- Center for Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Pamela C Rosato
- Center for Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Vaiva Vezys
- Center for Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - David Masopust
- Center for Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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Le Poole IC. Myron Gordon Award paper: Microbes, T-cell diversity and pigmentation. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2021; 34:244-255. [PMID: 33438345 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Melanocytes are static, minimally proliferative cells. This leaves them vulnerable in vitiligo. Yet upon malignant transformation, they form vicious tumors. This profound switch in physiology is accompanied by genetic change and is driven by environmental factors. If UV exposure in younger years supports malignant transformation and melanoma formation, it can likewise impart mutations on melanocytes that reduce their viability, to initiate vitiligo. A wide variety of microbes can influence these diametrically opposed outcomes before either disease takes hold. These microbes are vehicles of change that we are only beginning to study. Once a genetic modification occurs, there is a wide variety of immune cells ready to respond. Though it does not act alone, the T cell is among the most decisive responders in this process. The same biochemical process that offered the skin protection by producing melanin can become an Achilles heel for the cell when the T cells target melanosomal enzymes or, on occasion, neoantigens. T cells are precise, determined, and consequential when they strike. Here, we probe the relationship between the microbiome and its metabolites, epithelial integrity, and the activation of T cells that target benign and malignant melanocytes in vitiligo and melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Caroline Le Poole
- Department of Dermatology, Microbiology and Immunology, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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