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Vives I Batlle J, Biermans G, Copplestone D, Kryshev A, Melintescu A, Mothersill C, Sazykina T, Seymour C, Smith K, Wood MD. Towards an ecological modelling approach for assessing ionizing radiation impact on wildlife populations. J Radiol Prot 2022; 42:020507. [PMID: 35467551 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6498/ac5dd0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The emphasis of the international system of radiological protection of the environment is to protect populations of flora and fauna. Throughout the MODARIA programmes, the United Nations' International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) has facilitated knowledge sharing, data gathering and model development on the effect of radiation on wildlife. We present a summary of the achievements of MODARIA I and II on wildlife dose effect modelling, extending to a new sensitivity analysis and model development to incorporate other stressors. We reviewed evidence on historical doses and transgenerational effects on wildlife from radioactively contaminated areas. We also evaluated chemical population modelling approaches, discussing similarities and differences between chemical and radiological impact assessment in wildlife. We developed population modelling methodologies by sourcing life history and radiosensitivity data and evaluating the available models, leading to the formulation of an ecosystem-based mathematical approach. This resulted in an ecologically relevant conceptual population model, which we used to produce advice on the evaluation of risk criteria used in the radiological protection of the environment and a proposed modelling extension for chemicals. This work seeks to inform stakeholder dialogue on factors influencing wildlife population responses to radiation, including discussions on the ecological relevance of current environmental protection criteria. The area of assessment of radiation effects in wildlife is still developing with underlying data and models continuing to be improved. IAEA's ongoing support to facilitate the sharing of new knowledge, models and approaches to Member States is highlighted, and we give suggestions for future developments in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Vives I Batlle
- Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN), Boeretang 200, Mol, 2400, Belgium
| | - G Biermans
- Federal Agency for Nuclear Control, Rue Ravensteinstraat 36, Brussels, 1000, Belgium
| | - D Copplestone
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, United Kingdom
| | - A Kryshev
- Research and Production Association 'Typhoon', 4 Pobedy Str., Obninsk, Kaluga Region 249038, Russia
| | - A Melintescu
- Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics & Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest - Magurele, Romania
| | - C Mothersill
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - T Sazykina
- Research and Production Association 'Typhoon', 4 Pobedy Str., Obninsk, Kaluga Region 249038, Russia
| | - C Seymour
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - K Smith
- RadEcol Consulting Ltd, 5 The Chambers, Vineyard, Abingdon OX14 3PX, United Kingdom
| | - M D Wood
- School of Science, Engineering & Environment, University of Salford, Manchester M5 4WT, United Kingdom
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Vives I Batlle J, Beresford NA, Beaugelin-Seiller K, Bezhenar R, Brown J, Cheng JJ, Ćujić M, Dragović S, Duffa C, Fiévet B, Hosseini A, Jung KT, Kamboj S, Keum DK, Kryshev A, LePoire D, Maderich V, Min BI, Periáñez R, Sazykina T, Suh KS, Yu C, Wang C, Heling R. Inter-comparison of dynamic models for radionuclide transfer to marine biota in a Fukushima accident scenario. J Environ Radioact 2016; 153:31-50. [PMID: 26717350 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2015.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We report an inter-comparison of eight models designed to predict the radiological exposure of radionuclides in marine biota. The models were required to simulate dynamically the uptake and turnover of radionuclides by marine organisms. Model predictions of radionuclide uptake and turnover using kinetic calculations based on biological half-life (TB1/2) and/or more complex metabolic modelling approaches were used to predict activity concentrations and, consequently, dose rates of (90)Sr, (131)I and (137)Cs to fish, crustaceans, macroalgae and molluscs under circumstances where the water concentrations are changing with time. For comparison, the ERICA Tool, a model commonly used in environmental assessment, and which uses equilibrium concentration ratios, was also used. As input to the models we used hydrodynamic forecasts of water and sediment activity concentrations using a simulated scenario reflecting the Fukushima accident releases. Although model variability is important, the intercomparison gives logical results, in that the dynamic models predict consistently a pattern of delayed rise of activity concentration in biota and slow decline instead of the instantaneous equilibrium with the activity concentration in seawater predicted by the ERICA Tool. The differences between ERICA and the dynamic models increase the shorter the TB1/2 becomes; however, there is significant variability between models, underpinned by parameter and methodological differences between them. The need to validate the dynamic models used in this intercomparison has been highlighted, particularly in regards to optimisation of the model biokinetic parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Vives I Batlle
- Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK•CEN), Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium.
| | - N A Beresford
- NERC - Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Library Avenue, Lancaster, LA1 4AP, UK
| | | | - R Bezhenar
- Institute of Mathematical Machine and System Problems, Glushkov Av., 42, Kiev 03187, Ukraine
| | - J Brown
- Norwegian Radiation Protection Authority, Grini Næringspark 13, P.O. Box 55, NO-1332 Østerås, Norway
| | - J-J Cheng
- Argonne National Laboratory, Environmental Science Division, 9700 South Cass Avenue, EVS/Bldg 240, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - M Ćujić
- University of Belgrade, Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy, Banatska 31b, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - S Dragović
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, P.O. Box 522, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - C Duffa
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PRP-ENV, France
| | - B Fiévet
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PRP-ENV, France
| | - A Hosseini
- Norwegian Radiation Protection Authority, Grini Næringspark 13, P.O. Box 55, NO-1332 Østerås, Norway
| | - K T Jung
- Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, 787, Haean-ro, Ansan 426-744, Republic of Korea
| | - S Kamboj
- Argonne National Laboratory, Environmental Science Division, 9700 South Cass Avenue, EVS/Bldg 240, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - D-K Keum
- KAERI - Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 150 Deokjindong, Yu Song, P.O. Box 105, 305-353 Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - A Kryshev
- Research and Production Association "Typhoon", 4 Pobedy Str., Obninsk, Kaluga Region 249038, Russia
| | - D LePoire
- Argonne National Laboratory, Environmental Science Division, 9700 South Cass Avenue, EVS/Bldg 240, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - V Maderich
- Institute of Mathematical Machine and System Problems, Glushkov Av., 42, Kiev 03187, Ukraine
| | - B-I Min
- KAERI - Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 150 Deokjindong, Yu Song, P.O. Box 105, 305-353 Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - R Periáñez
- Departamento de Física Aplicada I, University of Seville, Carretera de Utrera km 1, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - T Sazykina
- Research and Production Association "Typhoon", 4 Pobedy Str., Obninsk, Kaluga Region 249038, Russia
| | - K-S Suh
- KAERI - Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 150 Deokjindong, Yu Song, P.O. Box 105, 305-353 Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - C Yu
- Argonne National Laboratory, Environmental Science Division, 9700 South Cass Avenue, EVS/Bldg 240, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - C Wang
- Argonne National Laboratory, Environmental Science Division, 9700 South Cass Avenue, EVS/Bldg 240, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - R Heling
- NRG, Utrechtseweg 310, 6800 ES Arnhem, The Netherlands
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Beresford NA, Beaugelin-Seiller K, Burgos J, Cujic M, Fesenko S, Kryshev A, Pachal N, Real A, Su BS, Tagami K, Vives i Batlle J, Vives-Lynch S, Wells C, Wood MD. Radionuclide biological half-life values for terrestrial and aquatic wildlife. J Environ Radioact 2015; 150:270-276. [PMID: 26378959 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2015.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Revised: 08/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The equilibrium concentration ratio is typically the parameter used to estimate organism activity concentrations within wildlife dose assessment tools. Whilst this is assumed to be fit for purpose, there are scenarios such as accidental or irregular, fluctuating, releases from licensed facilities when this might not be the case. In such circumstances, the concentration ratio approach may under- or over-estimate radiation exposure depending upon the time since the release. To carrying out assessments for such releases, a dynamic approach is needed. The simplest and most practical option is representing the uptake and turnover processes by first-order kinetics, for which organism- and element-specific biological half-life data are required. In this paper we describe the development of a freely available international database of radionuclide biological half-life values. The database includes 1907 entries for terrestrial, freshwater, riparian and marine organisms. Biological half-life values are reported for 52 elements across a range of wildlife groups (marine = 9, freshwater = 10, terrestrial = 7 and riparian = 3 groups). Potential applications and limitations of the database are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Beresford
- NERC Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4AP, UK; School of Environment & Life Sciences, University of Salford, Manchester M4 4WT, UK.
| | - K Beaugelin-Seiller
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, PRP-ENV, LM2E, Cadarache, France
| | | | - M Cujic
- Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy, University of Belgrade, Banatska 31b, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - S Fesenko
- International Atomic Energy Agency, A-2444 Seibersdorf, Austria
| | | | - N Pachal
- Department of Medical Physics and Applied Radiation Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - A Real
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medio Ambientales y Tecnológicas, Av. Complutense 40, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - B S Su
- Department of Medical Physics and Applied Radiation Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - K Tagami
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, 263-8555 Chiba, Japan
| | - J Vives i Batlle
- Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | | | - C Wells
- NERC Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4AP, UK
| | - M D Wood
- School of Environment & Life Sciences, University of Salford, Manchester M4 4WT, UK
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Beresford NA, Barnett CL, Brown JE, Cheng JJ, Copplestone D, Filistovic V, Hosseini A, Howard BJ, Jones SR, Kamboj S, Kryshev A, Nedveckaite T, Olyslaegers G, Saxén R, Sazykina T, Vives I Batlle J, Vives-Lynch S, Yankovich T, Yu C. Inter-comparison of models to estimate radionuclide activity concentrations in non-human biota. Radiat Environ Biophys 2008; 47:491-514. [PMID: 18679701 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-008-0186-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2008] [Accepted: 07/15/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A number of models have recently been, or are currently being, developed to enable the assessment of radiation doses from ionising radiation to non-human species. A key component of these models is the ability to predict whole-organism activity concentrations in a wide range of wildlife. In this paper, we compare the whole-organism activity concentrations predicted by eight models participating within the IAEA Environmental Modelling for Radiation Safety programme for a range of radionuclides to terrestrial and freshwater organisms. In many instances, there was considerable variation, ranging over orders of magnitude, between the predictions of the different models. Reasons for this variability (including methodology, data source and data availability) are identified and discussed. The active participation of groups responsible for the development of key models within this exercise is a useful step forward in providing the transparency in methodology and data provenance required for models which are either currently being used for regulatory purposes or which may be used in the future. The work reported in this paper, and supported by other findings, demonstrates that the largest contribution to variability between model predictions is the parameterisation of their transfer components. There is a clear need to focus efforts and provide authoritative compilations of those data which are available.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Beresford
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology Lancaster, Lancaster Environment Centre, Library Av., Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4AP, UK.
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Vives i Batlle J, Balonov M, Beaugelin-Seiller K, Beresford NA, Brown J, Cheng JJ, Copplestone D, Doi M, Filistovic V, Golikov V, Horyna J, Hosseini A, Howard BJ, Jones SR, Kamboj S, Kryshev A, Nedveckaite T, Olyslaegers G, Pröhl G, Sazykina T, Ulanovsky A, Vives Lynch S, Yankovich T, Yu C. Inter-comparison of absorbed dose rates for non-human biota. Radiat Environ Biophys 2007; 46:349-73. [PMID: 17665210 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-007-0124-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2007] [Accepted: 07/05/2007] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
A number of approaches have been proposed to estimate the exposure of non-human biota to ionizing radiation. This paper reports an inter-comparison of the unweighted absorbed dose rates for the whole organism (compared as dose conversion coefficients, or DCCs) for both internal and external exposure, estimated by 11 of these approaches for selected organisms from the Reference Animals and Plants geometries as proposed by the International Commission on Radiological Protection. Inter-comparison results indicate that DCCs for internal exposure compare well between the different approaches, whereas variation is greater for external exposure DCCs. Where variation among internal DCCs is greatest, it is generally due to different daughter products being included in the DCC of the parent. In the case of external exposures, particularly to low-energy beta-emitters, variations are most likely to be due to different media densities being assumed. On a radionuclide-by-radionuclide basis, the different approaches tend to compare least favourably for (3)H, (14)C and the alpha-emitters. This is consistent with models with different source/target geometry assumptions showing maximum variability in output for the types of radiation having the lowest range across matter. The intercomparison demonstrated that all participating approaches to biota dose calculation are reasonably comparable, despite a range of different assumptions being made.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Vives i Batlle
- Westlakes Scientific Consulting Ltd, The Princess Royal Building, Westlakes Science and Technology Park, Moor Row, Cumbria, UK.
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