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Hatt M, Krizsan AK, Rahmim A, Bradshaw TJ, Costa PF, Forgacs A, Seifert R, Zwanenburg A, El Naqa I, Kinahan PE, Tixier F, Jha AK, Visvikis D. Joint EANM/SNMMI guideline on radiomics in nuclear medicine : Jointly supported by the EANM Physics Committee and the SNMMI Physics, Instrumentation and Data Sciences Council. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2023; 50:352-375. [PMID: 36326868 PMCID: PMC9816255 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-022-06001-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this guideline is to provide comprehensive information on best practices for robust radiomics analyses for both hand-crafted and deep learning-based approaches. METHODS In a cooperative effort between the EANM and SNMMI, we agreed upon current best practices and recommendations for relevant aspects of radiomics analyses, including study design, quality assurance, data collection, impact of acquisition and reconstruction, detection and segmentation, feature standardization and implementation, as well as appropriate modelling schemes, model evaluation, and interpretation. We also offer an outlook for future perspectives. CONCLUSION Radiomics is a very quickly evolving field of research. The present guideline focused on established findings as well as recommendations based on the state of the art. Though this guideline recognizes both hand-crafted and deep learning-based radiomics approaches, it primarily focuses on the former as this field is more mature. This guideline will be updated once more studies and results have contributed to improved consensus regarding the application of deep learning methods for radiomics. Although methodological recommendations in the present document are valid for most medical image modalities, we focus here on nuclear medicine, and specific recommendations when necessary are made for PET/CT, PET/MR, and quantitative SPECT.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hatt
- LaTIM, INSERM, UMR 1101, Univ Brest, Brest, France
| | | | - A Rahmim
- Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - T J Bradshaw
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - P F Costa
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, West German Cancer Center, University of Duisburg-Essen and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK)-University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | - R Seifert
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, West German Cancer Center, University of Duisburg-Essen and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK)-University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Münster University Hospital, Münster, Germany.
| | - A Zwanenburg
- OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT/UCC), Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - I El Naqa
- Department of Machine Learning, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, 33626, USA
| | - P E Kinahan
- Imaging Research Laboratory, PET/CT Physics, Department of Radiology, UW Medical Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - F Tixier
- LaTIM, INSERM, UMR 1101, Univ Brest, Brest, France
| | - A K Jha
- McKelvey School of Engineering and Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - D Visvikis
- LaTIM, INSERM, UMR 1101, Univ Brest, Brest, France
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Dewangan D, Vaishnav Y, Mishra A, Jha AK, Verma S, Badwaik H. Synthesis, molecular docking, and biological evaluation of Schiff base hybrids of 1,2,4-triazole-pyridine as dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors. Curr Res Pharmacol Drug Discov 2021; 2:100024. [PMID: 34909659 PMCID: PMC8663949 DOI: 10.1016/j.crphar.2021.100024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study novel derivatives of 1,2,4-triazole pyridine coupled with Schiff base were obtained in altered aromatic aldehyde and 4-((5-(pyridin-3-yl)-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-ylthio)methyl)benzenamine reactions. Thin layer chromatography and melting point determination were employed to verify the purity of hybrid derivatives. The structures of the hybrid derivatives were interpreted using methods comprising infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance, and mass spectroscopy. The in vitro anti-microbial properties and minimum inhibitory concentration were determined with Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Among the derivatives produced, two derivatives comprising (Z)-2-((4-((5-(pyridine-3-yl)-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-ylthio)methyl)phenylimino)methyl)phenoland (Z)-2-methoxy-5-((4-((5-(pyridine-3-yl)-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3- ylthio)methyl)phenylimino)methyl)phenol obtained promising results as antibacterial agents. After synthesizing different derivatives, docking studies were performed and the scores range from −10.3154 to −12.962 kcal/mol. Synthesis and evaluation of Schiff Base Hybrids of 1, 2, 4-Triazole-Pyridine as DHFR Inhibitors. Schiff Base Hybrids shown promising antibacterial results. Docking studies reveals a good binding affinity in range of -10.3154 to -12.962 kcal/mol with DHFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Dewangan
- Shri Shankaracharya Technical Campus, Shri Shankaracharya Group of Institutions, Junwani, Bhilai, 490020, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Y Vaishnav
- Shri Shankaracharya Technical Campus, Shri Shankaracharya Group of Institutions, Junwani, Bhilai, 490020, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - A Mishra
- Shri Shankaracharya Technical Campus, Shri Shankaracharya Group of Institutions, Junwani, Bhilai, 490020, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - A K Jha
- Shri Shankaracharya Technical Campus, Shri Shankaracharya Group of Institutions, Junwani, Bhilai, 490020, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - S Verma
- University College of Pharmacy, Pt. Deendayal Upadhyay Memorial Health Sciences and Ayush University of Chhattisgarh Raipur
| | - H Badwaik
- Rungta College of Pharmaceutical Science and Research, Bhilai, 490023, Chhattisgarh., India
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Anand A, Jha AK, Kumar M. Comments on "Treatment of anal fistula with FiLaC ®: results of a 10‑year experience with 175 patients". Tech Coloproctol 2021; 26:409-410. [PMID: 34853946 DOI: 10.1007/s10151-021-02553-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A Anand
- Department of General Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - A K Jha
- Department of General Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India.
| | - M Kumar
- Department of General Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India
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Kumar M, Kumar M, Kumar Jha A, Arora A. Snapshots Quiz. Br J Surg 2021; 108:1104. [PMID: 34160031 DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znab227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
A 55-year-old male presented with a 6 month history of multiple swellings on the right buttock and sacral region with yellowish discharge. The patient frequently walked bare foot, but denied any history trauma. Fine needle aspirate cytology showed acute dense inflammation, nuclear debris and numerous filamentous bacilli, which on staining revealed gram positive bacilli. What is the diagnosis?
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kumar
- Department of General Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, India
| | - M Kumar
- Department of General Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, India
| | - A Kumar Jha
- Department of General Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, India
| | - A Arora
- Department of General Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, India
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Abstract
Imaging systems are often modeled as continuous-to-discrete mappings that map the object (i.e. a function of continuous variables such as space, time, energy, wavelength, etc) to a finite set of measurements. When it comes to reconstruction, some discretized version of the object is almost always assumed, leading to a discrete-to-discrete representation of the imaging system. In this paper, we discuss a method for single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging that avoids discrete representations of the object or the imaging system, thus allowing reconstruction on an arbitrarily fine set of points.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Caucci
- Department of Medical Imaging, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, United States of America. College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, United States of America. Author to whom any correspondence should be addressed
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Abstract
An attempt was taken to study the growth performance of lemongrass oil (Cymbopogon citraturs) as a growth promoter on the broiler production. A total of 180day-old broiler chicks were procured from private hatchery (Shivam Hatchery Birgung, Parsa, Nepal) and were allocated following Completely Randomized Design (CRD) into four treatment groups (each treatment with 3 replications and each replication with 15 birds); T1= control, T2= containing lemongrass oil 200 ml/100 kg feed, T3= containing lemongrass oil 400 ml/100 kg feed and, T4= containing lemongrass oil 600 ml/100 kg feed. The study was carried out for 36 days at Avian Research Unit, Regional Agriculture Research Station, Parwanipur, Bara, Nepal. Concentrate mixture and lemongrass oil were procured from Shakti Feed Industry, Birgung; Herbs Processing Plant of Ministry of Forest and Soil Conservation, Jadibuti, Kathmandu, respectively. Experimental birds were provided ad libitum amount of starter feed from 0 to 21 days and finisher feed from 22 to 36 days. Feed intake was recorded daily and body weight gain was measured in 7 days interval. The study revealed that the cumulative feed intake per bird was found higher in T3 (3443.17g) followed by T4 (3377.33g) and T2 (3354.04g), respectively, and were statistically non-significant among the diet groups. The FCR was highest in T3 (1:1.44 kg) and lowest in T4 (1:1.51 kg), and differed insignificantly among the diet groups. Similarly, the total weight gain of the experimental bird was found to be higher in T3 (2385.13g) followed by T1 (2279.46g) and T2 (2271.86g), respectively. The average daily gain of experimental birds noted higher in T3 (66.25g) followed by T1 and T2 (63.31g) and (63.1g), respectively. The experiment suggested that inclusion of lemongrass oil could be considered as an alternative to antibiotic growth promoter in broiler diet to enhance the production performance.
Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2018. 47 (2): 85-91
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Shrestha KK, Jha AK, Joshi RR, Rijal AS, Dhungana A, Maharjan S. Masson's Hemangioma of the Cheek: A Case Report. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2018; 70:321-324. [PMID: 29977863 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-015-0886-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a rare case of intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia (IPEH) of the cheek. This neoplasm, known as Masson's tumor, is an unusual vascular lesion of proliferating endothelial cells. It is usually confined to the lumen of preexisting vessels or vascular malformations. The principal significance of IPEH is its resemblance to a variety of benign and malignant diseases and possible misdiagnosis as such. Achieving a correct diagnosis is essential to avoid subjecting a patient to either unnecessarily aggressive or inadequate therapy. For this reason, awareness of this lesion is very important.
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Affiliation(s)
- K K Shrestha
- Department of Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, Nepal Medical College Teaching Hospital, P O Box 13344, Attarkhel, Jorpati, Kathmandu Nepal
| | - A K Jha
- Department of Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, Nepal Medical College Teaching Hospital, P O Box 13344, Attarkhel, Jorpati, Kathmandu Nepal
| | - R R Joshi
- Department of Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, Nepal Medical College Teaching Hospital, P O Box 13344, Attarkhel, Jorpati, Kathmandu Nepal
| | - A S Rijal
- Department of Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, Nepal Medical College Teaching Hospital, P O Box 13344, Attarkhel, Jorpati, Kathmandu Nepal
| | - A Dhungana
- Department of Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, Nepal Medical College Teaching Hospital, P O Box 13344, Attarkhel, Jorpati, Kathmandu Nepal
| | - S Maharjan
- Department of Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, Nepal Medical College Teaching Hospital, P O Box 13344, Attarkhel, Jorpati, Kathmandu Nepal
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kumar Jha
- Department of Skin and Venereal Disease, Patna Medical College and Hospital, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - B Sinha
- Department of Skin and Venereal Disease, Patna Medical College and Hospital, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - M Zeeshan
- Department of Skin and Venereal Disease, Patna Medical College and Hospital, Patna, Bihar, India
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Jha AK, Jha SK, Kumar R, Kumar U. Sister Mary Joseph's nodule: Two rare cases of inoperable gallbladder cancer. Indian J Cancer 2017; 54:29-30. [PMID: 29199657 DOI: 10.4103/ijc.ijc_135_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A K Jha
- Department of Gastroenterology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - S K Jha
- Department of Gastroenterology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - R Kumar
- Department of Gastroenterology, Paras HMRI Hospital, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - U Kumar
- Department of Gastroenterology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India
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Nikbakht M, Jha AK, Malekzadeh K, Askari M, Mohammadi S, Marwaha RK, Kaul D, Kaur J. Aberrant promoter hypermethylation of selected apoptotic genes in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia among North Indian population. Exp Oncol 2017; 39:57-64. [PMID: 28361856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Promoter hypermethylation mediates gene silencing in many neoplasms. Acute leukemia has been reported to harbor multiple genes aberrantly silenced by hypermethylation. AIM In present study, we investigated the prevalence of hypermethylation of caspase-8 (CASP8), TMS1 and DAPK genes in correlation with clinicopathological factors in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). MATERIALS AND METHODS A case-control study has been conducted based on bone marrow and peripheral blood samples from 125 ALL patients and 100 sex-age matched healthy controls. Methylation specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and bisulfite sequencing PCR was performed to analyze the methylation status of these genes. Reverse transcription PCR and real time PCR was carried out to determine changes in the mRNA expression level of the genes due to hypermethylation. RESULTS Hypermethylation of the 5´CpG islands of the CASP8, TMS1 and DAPK gene promoters was found in 3.2, 6.4, and 13.6% of 125 childhood ALL samples from north Indian population, respectively. There were significant differences in pattern of hypermethylation of TMS1 (p = 0.045) and DAPK (p < 0.001) between patients and healthy controls. Down-regulation of mRNA expression was found in cases in which CASP8, TMS1 and DAPK were hypermethylated. CONCLUSIONS The present study indicated the impact of hypermethylation-mediated inactivation of CASP8, TMS1 and DAPK genes, which is associated with risk of childhood ALL. This abnormality occurs in leukemogenesis and it may be used as a biomarker and for predicting the prognosis of ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nikbakht
- Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1411713131, Iran
| | - A K Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, IMS Engineering College, Ghaziabad (U.P.) 160012, India
| | - K Malekzadeh
- Molecular Medicine Research Center (MMRC); Hormozgan University of Medical Science (HUMS); Bandar Abbass 7919915519, Iran
| | - M Askari
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - S Mohammadi
- Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14176-13151, Iran
| | - R K Marwaha
- Advanced Pediatrics Center, PGIMER, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - D Kaul
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, PGIMER, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - J Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
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During VA, Sole GM, Jha AK, Anderson JA, Bryan RT. Prediction of histological stage based on cystoscopic appearances of newly diagnosed bladder tumours. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2016; 98:547-551. [PMID: 27502337 PMCID: PMC5392893 DOI: 10.1308/rcsann.2016.0246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In the 75-80% of urothelial bladder cancers (UBC) presenting as non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), transurethral resection of bladder tumour (TURBT) is the key treatment and staging procedure. In the 20-25% of patients with muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC), further cross-sectional imaging is required to complete the staging process before considering radical treatment. Given the adverse effects of ionising radiation, clinicians identify patients believed to have MIBC, and so requiring further imaging pre-TURBT, at the tumour histology/stage based on the tumour's visual characteristics. There is minimal evidence describing the accuracy of such predictions in newly-diagnosed patients. METHODS Over a 6-year period, a database of patients undergoing resection of newly-diagnosed bladder lesions in a single UK centre was prospectively established. Predictions based on histology were simultaneously recorded, and the accuracy of these predictions of histology/stage subsequently assessed. RESULTS One hundred and twenty two (73.1%) patients with histologically confirmed NMIBC had predictions recorded versus 45 (26.9%) patients with MIBC. Visual assessment predictions of MIBC had a sensitivity of 88.9% (95% confidence interval [CI] 76.5%-95.2%) and a specificity of 91.0% (95% CI 84.6%-94.9%), giving a positive predictive value of 78.4% (95% CI 65.4%-87.5%) and a negative predictive value of 95.7% (95% CI 90.3%-98.1%). CONCLUSIONS We find that visual assessment is accurate in predicting the presence of MIBC. This supports the practice of stratifying patients at the time of initial cystoscopy for those requiring further radiological staging pre-TURBT.
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Affiliation(s)
- V A During
- University of Birmingham, Edgbaston , UK
| | - G M Sole
- The County Hospital , Hereford , UK
| | - A K Jha
- The County Hospital , Hereford , UK
| | | | - R T Bryan
- University of Birmingham, Edgbaston , UK
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Abstract
Longitudinal splitting of the nails can occur as a result of any growth arising in the nail matrix. We present a case of a 50-year-old woman who presented with an 18-month history of longitudinal splitting of the nail on her right little finger, along with pain in the proximal nail fold region, which was extremely tender to touch. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed an intensely enhancing lesion, while colour Doppler imaging revealed hypervascularity within the mass. A provisional diagnosis of glomus tumour was considered. Histopathology demonstrated presence of a well-circumscribed tumour comprising a dual population of cells, which stained negatively with periodic-acid-Schiff. The histopathological features were consistent with those of eccrine spiradenoma (ES). In this case, glomus tumour was considered as the first differential diagnosis, but histopathology confirmed it as an ES.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Jha
- Department of Dermatology, STD and Leprosy, All India Institute Of Medical Sciences, Patna, India.
| | - R Sinha
- Department of Dermatology, STD and Leprosy, All India Institute Of Medical Sciences, Patna, India
| | - A Kumar
- Department of General Surgery, All India Institute Of Medical Sciences, Patna, India
| | - P Bhadani
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute Of Medical Sciences, Patna, India
| | - S Kumar
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute Of Medical Sciences, Patna, India
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Kale MP, Chavan M, Pardeshi S, Joshi C, Verma PA, Roy PS, Srivastav SK, Srivastava VK, Jha AK, Chaudhari S, Giri Y, Krishna Murthy YVN. Land-use and land-cover change in Western Ghats of India. Environ Monit Assess 2016; 188:387. [PMID: 27256392 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-016-5369-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The Western Ghats (WG) of India, one of the hottest biodiversity hotspots in the world, has witnessed major land-use and land-cover (LULC) change in recent times. The present research was aimed at studying the patterns of LULC change in WG during 1985-1995-2005, understanding the major drivers that caused such change, and projecting the future (2025) spatial distribution of forest using coupled logistic regression and Markov model. The International Geosphere Biosphere Program (IGBP) classification scheme was mainly followed in LULC characterization and change analysis. The single-step Markov model was used to project the forest demand. The spatial allocation of such forest demand was based on the predicted probabilities derived through logistic regression model. The R statistical package was used to set the allocation rules. The projection model was selected based on Akaike information criterion (AIC) and area under receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The actual and projected areas of forest in 2005 were compared before making projection for 2025. It was observed that forest degradation has reduced from 1985-1995 to 1995-2005. The study obtained important insights about the drivers and their impacts on LULC simulations. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt where projection of future state of forest in entire WG is made based on decadal LULC and socio-economic datasets at the Taluka (sub-district) level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish P Kale
- Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC), A Scientific Society of Ministry of Communication and IT, Govt. of India, 5th floor, West End Centre III, Nagras Road, Aundh, Pune, 411007, India.
| | - Manoj Chavan
- Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC), A Scientific Society of Ministry of Communication and IT, Govt. of India, 5th floor, West End Centre III, Nagras Road, Aundh, Pune, 411007, India
| | - Satish Pardeshi
- Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC), A Scientific Society of Ministry of Communication and IT, Govt. of India, 5th floor, West End Centre III, Nagras Road, Aundh, Pune, 411007, India
| | - Chitiz Joshi
- Indian Institute of Remote Sensing, Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), 4- Kalidas Road, Dehradun, 248001, India
| | - Prabhakar A Verma
- Indian Institute of Remote Sensing, Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), 4- Kalidas Road, Dehradun, 248001, India
| | - P S Roy
- Center for Earth & Space Sciences University of Hyderabad P.O. Central University, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - S K Srivastav
- Indian Institute of Remote Sensing, Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), 4- Kalidas Road, Dehradun, 248001, India
| | - V K Srivastava
- National Remote Sensing Centre (NRSC), Balanagar, Hyderabad, 500042, India
| | - A K Jha
- Indian Institute of Remote Sensing, Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), 4- Kalidas Road, Dehradun, 248001, India
| | - Swapnil Chaudhari
- Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC), A Scientific Society of Ministry of Communication and IT, Govt. of India, 5th floor, West End Centre III, Nagras Road, Aundh, Pune, 411007, India
| | - Yogesh Giri
- Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC), A Scientific Society of Ministry of Communication and IT, Govt. of India, 5th floor, West End Centre III, Nagras Road, Aundh, Pune, 411007, India
| | - Y V N Krishna Murthy
- Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), Headquarters, Antariksha Bhavan, New BEL Road, Banglore, 560231, India
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Krishnaraju M, Kamatchi C, Jha AK, Devasena N, Vennila R, Sumathi G, Vaidyanathan R. Complete sequencing of an IncX3 plasmid carrying blaNDM-5 allele reveals an early stage in the dissemination of the blaNDM gene. Indian J Med Microbiol 2016; 33:30-8. [PMID: 25559999 DOI: 10.4103/0255-0857.148373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of the present study was to perform molecular characterisation of the blaNDM plasmids and to understand the mechanism of its spread among pathogenic bacteria. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seventy-six non-repetitive carbapenem-resistant isolates which were collected during Nov 2011 to April 2013 from four hospitals in Chennai were analyzed for the presence of the blaNDM gene by PCR. Further, the genetic context of the blaNDM gene was analyzed by PCR specific to ISAba125 and bleMBL gene. One of the blaNDM plasmid was completely sequenced in the Illumina HiSeq platform. RESULTS Twenty-three isolates consisting of 8 Escherichia coli, 8 Klebsiella pneumoniae, 3 Klebsiella oxytoca, 3 Acinetobacter baumanii and 1 Pseudomonas aeruginosa were found to carry the blaNDM gene. In 18 isolates the blaNDM gene was associated with a bleMBL gene and the ISAba125 element. The complete sequencing of pNDM-MGR194 revealed an IncX3 replication type plasmid, with a length of 46,253 bp, an average GC content of 47% and 59 putative ORFs. The iteron region contained the blaNDM5 gene and the bleMBL , trpF and dsbC genes downstream and an IS5 inserted within the ISAba125 element upstream. CONCLUSION This is the first report where the blaNDM gene insertion in a plasmid is not accompanied by other resistance gene determinants. These observations suggest that the IncX3 plasmid pNDM-MGR194 is an early stage in the dissemination of the blaNDM .
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - R Vaidyanathan
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Surgical Gastroenterology and Liver Transplantation, Government Stanley Medical College and Hospital, Chennai, India
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Jha AK, Sharma V, Nikbakht M, Jain V, Sehgal A, Capalash N, Kaur J. A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF METHYLATION STATUS OF TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENES IN PAIRED BIOPSY AND SERUM SAMPLES FROM CERVICAL CANCER PATIENTS AMONG NORTH INDIAN POPULATION. Genetika 2016; 52:255-259. [PMID: 27215041 DOI: 10.7868/s0016675816010070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Tumor-specific genetic or epigenetic alterations have been detected in serum DNA in case of various types of cancers. In breast cancer, the detection of tumor suppressor gene hypermethylation has been reported in several body fluids. Promoter hypermethylation of some genes like MYOD1, CALCA, hTERT etc. has also been detected in serum samples from cervical cancer. The present study is the first report on the comparison of promoter hypermethylation of tumor suppressor genes likep14, p15, p16, p21, p27, p57, p53, p73, RARβ2, FHIT, DAPK, STAT1 and-RB1 genes in paired biopsy and serum samples from cervical cancer patients among north Indian population. This is also the first report on the hypermethylation of these genes in serum samples from cervical cancer patients among north Indian population. According to the results of the present study, promoter hypermethylation of these genes can also be detected in serum samples of cervical cancer patients. The sensitivity of detection of promoter hypermethylation in serum samples of cervical cancer patients as compared to paired biopsy samples was found to be around 83.3%. It was observed that promoter hypermethylation was mainly observed in the serum samples in the higher stages and very rarely in the lower stages. The present study clearly showed that serum of patients with cervical cancer can also be used to study methylated genes as biomarkers.
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Satisha TS, Malali VV, Jha AK, Chopra SS, Rath SK. Interdisciplinary management of gingival recession associated with traumatic anterior malocclusion with orthodontics and periodontal plastic surgery. Med J Armed Forces India 2015; 71:S63-5. [PMID: 26265874 DOI: 10.1016/j.mjafi.2011.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2010] [Accepted: 12/20/2011] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - V V Malali
- Resident, AFMC, Dept of Dental Surgery, AFMC, Pune 40, India
| | - A K Jha
- Officer Commanding, MDC, Namkum, India
| | - S S Chopra
- Senior Specialist (Orthodontics) Dept of Dental Surgery, AFMC, Pune 40, India
| | - S K Rath
- Senior Specialist (Periodontics), ADC (R&R), Delhi Cantt, India
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Bhandari RB, Jha AK, Neupane P, Chaurasia PP, Sigdel A. Extracorporeal Irradiation in Malignant Bone Tumors. JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc 2015; 53:192-194. [PMID: 27549504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracorporeal irradiation (ECI) is relatively a rare method used in the management of malignant bone tumors (MBT). It consists of en block removal of the tumor bearing bone segment, removal of the tumor from the bone, irradiation and re implantation back in the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- R B Bhandari
- Department of Radiation Oncology,Orthopaedics Unit, BP Koirala Memorial Cancer Hospital, Chitwan, Nepal
| | - A K Jha
- Department of Radiation Oncology,Orthopaedics Unit, BP Koirala Memorial Cancer Hospital, Chitwan, Nepal
| | - P Neupane
- Department of Radiation Oncology,Orthopaedics Unit, BP Koirala Memorial Cancer Hospital, Chitwan, Nepal
| | - P P Chaurasia
- Department of Radiation Oncology,Orthopaedics Unit, BP Koirala Memorial Cancer Hospital, Chitwan, Nepal
| | - A Sigdel
- Department of Surgical Oncology,Orthopaedics Unit, BP Koirala Memorial Cancer Hospital, Chitwan, Nepal
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Jha AK, Prasad S, Sinha R. Linear trichilemmoma following a blaschkoid pattern: a clinical dilemma. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2015; 30:299-301. [PMID: 25640573 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.12962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trichilemmoma are benign adnexal neoplasm with follicular outer sheath differentiation. It usually appears as single or multiple papules that resembles colour of the surrounding skin. They are most commonly seen on the face particularly on the nose and cheek. OBJECTIVES We report a case of linear trichilemmoma following blaschkoid pattern. METHODS A 13 year old boy presenting with asymptomatic plaque on the right side of the nose was fully evaluated for possible cause. RESULTS On histopathology, a diagnosis of trichilemmoma was made. CONCLUSION This is the first case report where linear trichilemmoma following a blaschkoid pattern is seen.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Jha
- Department of Dermatology, STD and Leprosy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - S Prasad
- Department of Dermatology, STD and Leprosy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - R Sinha
- Department of Dermatology, STD and Leprosy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India
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Gilbert LR, Lohra P, Mandlik VB, Rath SK, Jha AK. Comparative evaluation of surgical modalities for coverage of gingival recession: An Armed Forces Medical College perspective. Med J Armed Forces India 2015; 71:53-9. [PMID: 25609865 DOI: 10.1016/j.mjafi.2011.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2010] [Accepted: 12/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Esthetics represents an inseparable part of today's oral therapy, and several procedures have been proposed to preserve or enhance it. Gingival recessions may cause hypersensitivity, impaired esthetics and root caries. Keeping in mind patient's desire for improved esthetics and other related problems, every effort should be made to achieve complete root coverage. METHODS Different types of modalities have been introduced to treat gingival recession including displaced flaps, free gingival graft, connective tissue graft, different type of barrier membranes and combination of different techniques. The aim of this study was to compare the commonly used techniques for gingival recession coverage and evaluate the results obtained. 73 subjects were selected for the present study who were randomly divided into four groups and were followed at baseline and 180 days where following parameters were recorded: (a) Assessment of gingival recession depth (RD); (b) Assessment of pocket depth (PD); (c) Assessment of clinical attachment level (CAL) and (d) Assessment of width of attached gingiva (WAG). RESULTS Results of this study showed statistically significant reduction of gingival recession, with concomitant attachment gain, following treatment with all tested surgical techniques. However, SCTG with CAF technique showed the highest percentage gain in coverage of recession depth as well as gain in keratinized gingiva. Similar results were obtained with CAF alone. The use of GTR and other techniques showed less predictable coverage and gain in keratinized gingiva. CONCLUSION Connective tissue grafts were statistically significantly superior to guided tissue regeneration for improvement in gingival recession reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Parul Lohra
- Dental Officer, 333 Fd Hosp, C/O-56 APO, India
| | - V B Mandlik
- Commanding Officer & Corps Dental Advisor, 15 Corps Dental Unit, C/O 56 APO, India
| | - S K Rath
- Senior Specialist (Periodontics), Army Dental Centre, (R&R), Delhi Cantt, India
| | - A K Jha
- Officer Commanding, MDC, Namkum, C/O 56 APO, India
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Sharma V, Jha AK, Kumar A, Bhatnagar A, Narayan G, Kaur J. Curcumin-Mediated Reversal of p15 Gene Promoter Methylation: Implication in Anti-Neoplastic Action against Acute Lymphoid Leukaemia Cell Line. Folia Biol (Praha) 2015; 61:81-89. [PMID: 26333125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Curcumin has been documented to exert anticancer effects by interacting with altered proliferative and apoptotic pathways in cancer models. In this study, we evaluated the potential of curcumin to reverse promoter methylation of the p15 gene in Raji cells and its ability to induce apoptosis and genomic instability. Anti-neoplastic action of curcumin showed an augmentation in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cell cycle arrest in G1 phase. Subsequently, curcumin- exposed Raji cells showed structural abnormalities in chromosomes. These observations suggest that curcumin also causes ROS-mediated apoptosis and genomic instability. The treatment of Raji cell line with 10 μM curcumin caused hypomethylation of the p15 promoter after six days. Hypomethylation of p15 was further found to be favoured by downregulation of DNA methyltransferase 1 after 10 μM curcumin treatment for six days. Methylation-specific PCR suggested demethylation of the p15 promoter. Demethylation was further validated by DNA sequencing. Reverse-transcription PCR demonstrated that treatment with curcumin (10 μM) for six days led to the up-regulation of p15 and down-regulation of DNA methyltransferase 1. Furthermore, curcumin- mediated reversal of p15 promoter methylation might be potentiated by down-regulation of DNA methyltransferase 1 expression, which was supported by cell cycle analysis. Furthermore, curcumin acts as a double-pronged agent, as it caused apoptosis and promoter hypomethylation in Raji cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - A K Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - A Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - A Bhatnagar
- Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - G Narayan
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - J Kaur
- Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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Shrestha KK, Shah S, Malla NS, Jha AK, Joshi RR, Rijal AS, Dhungana A. The impact of hearing loss in older adults: a tertiary care hospital based study. Nepal Med Coll J 2014; 16:131-134. [PMID: 26930730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Hearing loss is the most common sensory deficit in the elderly, and is becoming a severe social and health problem. Presbycusis is the result of aging which can lead to communication problems compromising the quality of life (QoL).Since the elderly population is increasing worldwide, presbycusis is showing a similar trend. This study intended to identify the impact of hearing loss in the social life of the elderly. A total of 70 elderly patients attending Nepal Medical College Teaching Hospital who were found to have sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) on pure tone audiometry (PTA) were recruited for this study.None of the patients had used hearing aids in the past. To assess their handicap due to hearing impairment a Hearing Handicap Inventory for the Elderly (HHIE) questionnaire was used and patients were graded as: no handicap, mild to moderate handicap and significant handicap. Pure-tone averages (PTA) were calculated for the thresholds at 0.5, 1 and 2 kHz in each ear. Patients with their PTA values between 26 to 40 dBHL were interpreted as having mild SNHL, those between 41 to 55dBHL as moderate SNHL and those above 55 dBHL as severe SNHL. Out of 70 patients, 65 had some degree of handicap ranging from mild to severe. The severity of handicap was significantly associated with the degree of hearing loss in both ears.
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Shrestha S, Jha AK, Thapa DP, Bhattarai CK, Ghimire A. An open label study to compare the efficacy of topical mometasone furoate with topical placental extract versus topical mometasone furoate with topical tacrolimus in patients with vitiligo involving less than 10% body surface area. Nepal Med Coll J 2014; 16:1-4. [PMID: 25799800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Vitiligo is a common skin disorder affecting about 1 to 2% of the world population. The prevalence in Nepal is 2-3%. This disease is associated with profound psychological distress. Though many treatment options are available none of these are universally effective. The main objective of the study is to compare the efficacy and rate of repigmentation with use of topical steroid and topical placental extract versus topical steroid and topical tacrolimus 0.1% in treating patients with localized vitiligo. One hundred patients visiting the dermatology outpatient department of Nepal Medical College and Teaching Hospital with the diagnosis of vitiligo involving less than 10% of body surface area were taken. 50 of these patients (Category A) were randomly selected and treated with topical steroid (Mometasone furoate 0.1% cream) and Topical placental extract gel. Other 50 patients (Category B) were given the same topical steroid with Topical Tacrolimus 0.1% cream. The patients were examined every month and final outcome was seen at the end of 3 months. Of the total 100 patients 51% were male and 49% were female. Seventeen percent of patients had lesions over face and neck, 49% had lesions over the extremities and 34% had lesions over trunk. At the end of 3 months the rate of repigmentation was better in patients of Category B than Category A and the result was statistically significant. Topical Tacrolimus 0.1% ointment could be better option for the treatment of localized vitiligo when compared to topical placental extract but in combination with a steroid cream.
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Jha AK, Anand V, Mallik SK, Kumar P. Post Kala azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL) presenting with ulcerated chronic paronychia like lesion. Kathmandu Univ Med J (KUMJ) 2014; 10:87-90. [PMID: 23575061 DOI: 10.3126/kumj.v10i4.11010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A 50-year-old lady, resident of urban Bihar, presented with inflamed proximal nail fold of a single digit for one and half months. The lesion on distal finger was remarkable for ulceration. Mucocutaneous examination revealed multiple hypopigmented macules and patches, notable for absence of scaling. The presence of ulceration was not consistent with chronic paronychia, hence, she was asked for biopsy. She declined and opted for trial of antibiotic and anti-fungal treatment. At two weeks of follow up, no improvement was noted at all. At the same time, she developed multiple juicy papules in perioral area and on neck. She tested positive by rK 39 tests. Histopathology from periungual area showed LD body. She was diagnosed as Post Kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis and was treated with miltefosine 50 mg twice daily for three months, resulting in complete resolution of all lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Jha
- Department of Dermatology, Katihar Medical College, Katihar
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25
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Jha AK, Saboo RK, Taparia S. Laparoscopic management of double gallbladder. J Nepal Health Res Counc 2014; 12:141-143. [PMID: 25575009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Double gall bladder is a rare congenital anomaly and is challenging to the surgeons due to increased risk of post-operative complications. We present a case of double gall bladder that was successfully managed laparoscopically. Preoperative ultrasonography showed one vesicle of the gall bladder had thick wall with multiple calculi while the other had normal thickness without calculus. Both the gallbladders were connected to the common bile duct with a single cystic duct.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Jha
- Department of General Surgery, Janaki Medical College Teaching Hospital, Janakpurdham, Nepal
| | - R K Saboo
- Department of General Surgery, Biratnagar Aspatal, Biratnagar, Nepal, 3Department of Radiology, Biratnagar Aspatal, Biratnagar, Nepal
| | - S Taparia
- Department of General Surgery, Biratnagar Aspatal, Biratnagar, Nepal, 3Department of Radiology, Biratnagar Aspatal, Biratnagar, Nepal
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Mod H, Jha AK. Review of radiation therapy in benign ocular diseases. J Nepal Health Res Counc 2014; 12:130-137. [PMID: 25575007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Radiotherapy is a modality used for the treatment of malignant diseases. However it is also used as an effective modality in the treatment of many benign disorders. It is generally not the first choice of therapy in non malignant conditions but usually used when other modalities have failed or may induce more side effects. Benign disorders of the eye can cause severe morbidity in terms of inflammatory symptoms, loss of vision, pain and diplopia. Radiotherapy in such conditions is given in very low doses and the goals are controlling the condition and at the same time minimizing late tissue sequelae, if any. Here we highlight the use of radiotherapy in most common benign conditions of the eye; mainly Pterygium, Haemangioma, Graves' Orbitopathy and Pseudotumour Orbitae.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Mod
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Aaruni Hospital Pvt Ltd, Rajkot 360001, Gujarat, India
| | - A K Jha
- Department of Radiation Oncology, BP Koirala Memorial Cancer Hospital, Bharatpur, Chitwan, Nepal
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Gupta SK, Pal AK, Sahu NP, Jha AK, Akhtar MS, Mandal SC, Das P, Prusty AK. Supplementation of microbial levan in the diet of Cyprinus carpio fry (Linnaeus, 1758) exposed to sublethal toxicity of fipronil: effect on growth and metabolic responses. Fish Physiol Biochem 2013; 39:1513-1524. [PMID: 23666372 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-013-9805-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2013] [Accepted: 05/05/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A 60-day feeding trial was conducted to study the effect of dietary microbial levan on growth performance and metabolic responses of Cyprinus carpio fry exposed to sublethal dose (1/10th LC₅₀) of fipronil [(±)-5-amino-1-(2,6-dichloro-α,α,α-trifluoro-p-tolyl)-4-trifluoromethylsulfinylpyrazole-3-carbonitrile]. Two hundred and twenty five fry were randomly distributed in five treatments in triplicates. Four purified diets were prepared with graded levels of microbial levan. Five different treatment groups were levan control L₀P₀ (basal feed + 0 % levan without exposure to pesticide); pesticide control L₀P₁ (basal feed + 0 % levan with exposure to pesticide); L₀.₂₅P₁ (basal feed + 0.25 % levan with exposure to pesticide); L₀.₅₀P₁ (basal feed + 0.50 % levan with exposure to pesticide); and L₀.₇₅P₁ (basal feed + 0.75 % levan with exposure to pesticide). Weight gain% and specific growth rate were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in levan fed groups compared to their non-levan fed counterpart. Highest (p < 0.05) content of ascorbic acid in muscle, liver and brain tissues was observed with higher level of dietary levan. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity decreased with the increasing level of dietary levan in the liver and muscle. Aspartate aminotransferase activity exhibited a second order polynomial relationship with the dietary levan, both in liver (Y = -1.001x² + 5.366x + 5.812, r² = 0.887) and muscle (Y = -0.566x² + 2.833x + 6.506, r² = 0.858) while alanine aminotransferase activity showed third order polynomial relationship both in liver (Y = 1.195x³ - 12.30x² + 35.23x + 9.874, r² = 0.879) and muscle (Y = 0.527x³ - 8.429x² + 31.80x + 8.718, r² = 0.990). Highest (p < 0.05) superoxide dismutase activity in gill was observed in the group fed with 0.75 % levan supplemented diet. Overall results indicated that dietary microbial levan at 0.75 % in C. carpio fry ameliorated the negative effects of fipronil and augmented the growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Gupta
- Division of Aquaculture, Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Versova, Mumbai-61, India,
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Bream E, Jha AK, Epstein AM, Black N. Views of the chairs of Scottish health boards on engagement with quality management and comparisons with English trusts. J R Coll Physicians Edinb 2013; 43:215-21. [PMID: 24087799 DOI: 10.4997/jrcpe.2013.305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the views of the chairs of Scottish health boards on the engagement of their boards with healthcare quality and to compare them with the views of the chairs of boards of English acute trusts. The focus of the Scottish Health Boards is on providing and commissioning care, while in England the acute trusts only provide care. METHODS We mailed a questionnaire, based on one used in England, to the 14 health board chairs in NHS Scotland in January 2011. The results were compared with the results of a similar questionnaire given to English acute trust chairs in 2009. RESULTS Most chairs in Scotland (67%) prioritised oversight of quality. Quality is considered at most Board meetings (92%), taking over 20% of time for 69% of chairs. Most boards have local quality targets and feedback quality data to staff. Compared with England, boards in Scotland meet less frequently and focus less on quality (shorter discussions, less frequent data review, fewer local targets) but they are more optimistic about their board's performance. CONCLUSIONS Although most chairs of Scottish boards view quality as a priority, they pay less attention to it than chairs in England, possibly due to their additional role in commissioning care.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Bream
- E Bream, Department of Public Health, NHS Lothian, Waverley Gate, Waterloo Place, Edinburgh EH1 3EG, UK.
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Mod D, Mod H, Jha AK. Oral and dental complications of head and neck radiotherapy and their management. J Nepal Health Res Counc 2013; 11:300-304. [PMID: 24908536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Cancer patients who are diagnosed early and or receive effective anti tumour therapy can expect to live for many years after treatment and therefore preservation of normal tissue function is crucial to ensure long term quality of life. Oral complications affect hundred per cent of patients who receive radiotherapy to fields involving the oral cavity and combined modality treatment with chemotherapy may compound these effects. Oral cavity is highly susceptible to side effects as radiotherapy targets cells that divide rapidly and the cells of the mucosal lining of the mouth are rapidly dividing cells and they are thus injured. All patients who are to receive radiotherapy to the head and neck region should be sent for a dental consultation prior to the initiation of their treatment in order to decrease the acute and chronic post treatment sequelae. KEYWORDS Dental management;head and neck cancers;radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Mod
- Department Of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dental Sciences, Amargadh-364210, Gujarat, India
| | - H Mod
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Aaruni Hospital Pvt Ltd, Rajkot-360001, Gujarat, India
| | - A K Jha
- Department of Radiation Oncology, B P Koirala Memorial Cancer Hospital, Bharatpur, Chitwan, Nepal
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Shrestha S, Jha AK, Pathak DT, Kharel CB, Basukala SM. Ketoconazole or clotrimazole solution wash as a prophylaxis in management and prevention of fungal infection: a comparative study. Nepal Med Coll J 2013; 15:31-33. [PMID: 24592790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of fungal infections has increased at an alarming rate in the past two decades. Topical Ketoconazole and Clotrimazole solutions are used to stop growth of fungus like Dermatophytes, Candidiasis and Pityrosporum. The objective of this study is to assess the effectiveness of prophylactic Ketoconazole or Clotrimazole solution wash in patients with fungal infections. Hundred patients (aged 10-60 yrs) with different fungal infections (Candida, Tinea, Pityriasis) were included. The study groups were divided into intervention group and control group. The Intervention group was given 5 weeks prophylactic Ketoconazole/Clotrimazole shampoo wash along with antifungal treatment whereas the control group was given only antifungal treatment without prophylaxis. All the patients were assessed at 1, 3 and 6 months interval to find out the response and recurrence. After one month of treatment 96% of patients in the intervention group and 60% of patients in the control group were completely cured. The recurrence rate after 3 mths of treatment was 4% in the intervention group and 40% in the control group. After 6 months the recurrence rate was 4% in the intervention group and 60% in the control group. The most common problem with fungal infections is the recurrence. Use of prophylactic antifungal (Ketoconazole/Clotrimazole) wash for some period of time along with antifungal treatment minimizes the chances of recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Shrestha
- Department of Dermatology, Nepal Medical College and Teaching Hospital.
| | - A K Jha
- Department of Dermatology, Nepal Medical College and Teaching Hospital
| | - D Thapa Pathak
- Department of Dermatology, Nepal Medical College and Teaching Hospital
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Choudhary NK, Sharma S, Jha AK, Karchuli MS, Dwivedi J. Antioxidant potential and protection of pancreatic β- cells by Calotropis gigantea in streptozocin induced diabetic rats. J Complement Integr Med 2013; 9:Article 8. [PMID: 22624184 DOI: 10.1515/1553-3840.1562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to examine the antioxidant defense by chloroform extract of Calotropis gigantea on streptozotocin-(40mg/kg, intraperitonial, single-injection) induced diabetes in wistar albino rats. The extract significantly (P < .05) decreased the pancreatic thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) levels and significantly (P < .05) increased the superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione levels as compared to above levels in pancreatic tissue of pathogenic diabetic rats. The results of test drug were comparable to Glibenclamide (5mg/kg, daily), a standard antihyperglycemic agent. The study concludes that Calotropis gigantea enhances the antioxidant defense against reactive oxygen species produced under hyperglycemic condition and this protects β-cells against loss, and exhibit antidiabetic property.
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Abstract
Gingival cyst of adult is an uncommon cyst of gingival soft tissue occurring in either the free or attached gingiva. This odontogenic epithelial cyst is most frequently seen near mandibular canine and premolar region, believed to represent the soft tissue counter part of the lateral periodontal cyst. This article presents a case of gingival cyst treated with exicisional biopsy followed by histopathological confirmation and an emphasis on the clinical aspects of this lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijayalaxmi V Malali
- Department of Dental Surgery, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, Maharashtra, India
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Marahatta SB, Gautam S, Dhital S, Pote N, Jha AK, Mahato R, Mishra S, Poudel BH, Ramasoota P, Kaewkungwal J, Singhasivanon P. katG (SER 315 THR) gene mutation in isoniazid resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Kathmandu Univ Med J (KUMJ) 2012; 9:19-23. [PMID: 22610803 DOI: 10.3126/kumj.v9i1.6256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED BACKGROUND Isoniazid (INH) together with Rifampicin (RFP) forms the cornerstone of a short chemotherapy course for tuberculosis (TB) treatment. Mutation at codon 315 of katG gene is most prevalent in isoniazid resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) and is high in area with high TB incidence. Polymerase Chain Reaction Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) has been found to be a reliable and effective tool for the identification of the specific gene alteration. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to screen Ser315Thr mutation of KatG gene of INH resistant MTB strain by PCR-RFLP technique. METHODS Altogether 37 INHr MTB isolates obtained from German Nepal Tuberculosis Project (GENETUP) Kathmandu Nepal was included in the study. Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) extraction was performed according to protocol of SORPOCLEAN from the culture isolates. Amplification of the fragment with katG codon 315 was performed in a Biometra Thermocycler using primers. The amplified fragment was cleaved with MspI. The restriction fragments obtained were electrophoresed in a 2% agarose gel and were visualized using transilluminator. RESULTS The katG Ser315Thr mutation was observed in 23 (62.2%) out of 37 INH resistant isolates. The drug susceptibility profile of INHr MTB isolates showed all isolates to be resistant to INH and RFP whereas 26 and 27 MTB isolates were resistant to Ethambutol (EMB) and Streptomycin (S) respectively. Seventeen (17) patients were harbouring katG gene mutated strain among Ethambutol and Streptomycin resistant cases. CONCLUSION The study identified high prevalence of Ser315Thr mutation in katG. The isolates harbouring this mutation were also simultaneously resistant to RFP. Ser315Th could be a potential genetic marker for predicting MDR-TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- S B Marahatta
- Department of Community Medicine, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences University, Dhulikhel Hospital, Kavre, Nepal.
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Abstract
KATHMANDU UNIVERSITY MEDICAL JOURNAL VOL.10 | NO. 1 | ISSUE 37 | JAN - MAR 2012 | 1-2 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kumj.v10i1.6903
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Abstract
Nepalese Journal of ENT Head and Neck Surgery Vol.2 No.2 Issue 2 (July-Dec 2011) 4-5 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njenthns.v2i2.6792
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Thapa DP, Jha AK, Kharel C, Shrestha S. Dermatological problems in geriatric patients: a hospital based study. Nepal Med Coll J 2012; 14:193-195. [PMID: 24047013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Geriatric health care has become a major issue worldwide. There are no data regarding geriatric dermatologic diseases are available from Nepal. Patients of 60 years and above were enrolled in the Nepali fiscal year 2067(April 2010-April 2011). The data included age, sex, place, and diagnosis. The aim of the study is to determine the characteristic pattern and frequency of dermatoses in dermatologic patients aged 60 years and above. There were total of 6442 patients who visited out patients department. Out of which frequency of geriatric patients were 330, which constitute about 5.1%. The male to female ratio was 50% each. The most common cutaneous dermatoses was eczema 35.8%, fungal infection 13.6%, viral infection 7%, followed by pruritus 7.3%, scabies and photodermatitis 4.5% each, Inflammatory papulosquamous disorder 3.3%, Bacterial infection and Icthyosis 2.1% each, vesiculobullous 1.8%, tumors and pigmentary disorder 0.6% and Miscellaneous group (keratoderma, callus, urticaria, diabetic ulcer, burgers disease, burning feet syndrome, Rosacea, Drug rash-amoxicillin, senile acne, prurigo nodularis, hansens disease, pellagra, Actinic cheilitis) 15.8%. Few patients had more than one dermatoses which constitute < 1% .Photodermatitis was found to be statistically significant. The most common dermatoses were Eczema in females followed by Photodermatitis and comparatively in males viral and fungal infections were common. This study depicts various characteristic patterns of dermatoses seen in elderly. Eczema and infections was found to be most common diseases seen in elderly. Further epidemiologic studies including treatment, follow-up of elderly patients has to be carried out to know the burden of the disease and decrease morbidity and psychological concern associated with diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- D P Thapa
- Department of Dermatology, Nepal Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Jorpati, Kathmandu, Nepal.
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Pariyar J, Shrestha B, Rauniyar BP, Regmi SC, Shrestha J, Jha AK, Shrestha S. Cancer with pregnancy in a cancer hospital. J Nepal Health Res Counc 2012; 10:224-228. [PMID: 23281456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer during pregnancy is rare, occurring one in every 1,000 pregnancies. Cancer itself rarely harms the baby and some cancer treatments are safe during pregnancy. However, treatment dilemmas often occur. METHODS Descriptive study was conducted at B. P. Koirala memorial cancer hospital. Case records of women with cancer and pregnancy from January 2001 to February 2012 were analyzed regarding their clinical details, treatment, follow-up and feto-maternal outcome. RESULTS Nineteen women, of 17 to 40 years had cancer with pregnancy. Observed cancers with pregnancy were: leukemia (4), head and neck (3), ovary (3), cervix (2), rectum (2), breast (1), Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (1), osteosarcoma (1), spinal cord (1) and vulva (1). Seven women (36%) presented in the second trimester and six women (32%) presented in the first and third trimester each. Seven (36%) women opted for termination of pregnancy for definitive treatment, five (26%) deferred treatment until delivery. Among the seven (36%) that accepted definitive treatment along with pregnancy, fetal demise occurred in three and delivery of healthy baby occurred in four. Nine babies born to mothers with cancer during pregnancy till date have normal growth and development. Total 10 (52%) of the mothers are in remission, six (32%) have died from disease. CONCLUSIONS Cancers during pregnancy, more common in younger women, posed treatment challenges. Definitive cancer treatment could have greater fetal risk during the first trimester but could be offered with more acceptable risk in the second and third trimesters.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Pariyar
- Gynecologic oncology unit, B.P. Koirala Memorial Cancer Hospital, Chitwan, Nepal.
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Kumar N, Jadhao SB, Chandan NK, Kumar K, Jha AK, Bhushan S, Kumar S, Rana RS. Dietary choline, betaine and lecithin mitigates endosulfan-induced stress in Labeo rohita fingerlings. Fish Physiol Biochem 2012; 38:989-1000. [PMID: 22160664 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-011-9584-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2011] [Accepted: 11/30/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A five-week experiment was conducted to delineate stress-mitigating effects of three different methyl donors in Labeo rohita fingerlings subjected to endosulfan toxicity. Four iso-nitrogenous and iso-caloric feed were prepared with and without supplementation of methyl donors. The feed were basal or control diet (i.e., without methyl donor supplementation), feed supplemented with choline, feed supplemented with betaine and feed supplemented with lecithin. Two hundred and twenty-five fishes were distributed randomly in five treatment groups each with three replicates. The experimental setup were normal water (without endosulfan) and fed with control diet (control group), endosulfan-treated water and fed with control diet (T₁), endosulfan-treated water and fed with choline supplemented feed (T₂), endosulfan-treated water and fed with betaine supplemented feed (T₃) and endosulfan-treated water and fed with lecithin-supplemented feed (T₄). The level of endosulfan in endosulfan treated water was maintained at the level of 1/10 of LC₅₀, that is, 0.2 ppb. During the experiment, growth performances, metabolic enzyme activity and histological examination were done to assess the effect of treatments. The growth performance (percentage weight gain, feed conversion ratio, specific growth rate and protein efficiency ratio) and nutrient digestibility were significantly different (P<0.01) in lecithin, betaine and choline fed group when compared to endosulfan-exposed group fed with basal diet. The liver LDH and MDH activity were significantly (P<0.01) improved in the groups fed with methyl donor supplemented diet. The liver AST and ALT, brain AChE and muscle ALT did not change with supplementation in the diet, but muscle ALT and G6PDH significantly (P<0.01) changed with supplementation. The gill and liver ATPase and intestinal ALP were significantly (P<0.01) noticeably changed in supplemented group. After endosulfan exposure, histopathology alter like slight large vacuolation in hepatocyte and lipoid vacuole were observed and with supplementation normal appearance of liver were observed. The chromosome aberration (karyotype) was observed in endosulfan-exposed group. The result obtained in present study concluded that inclusion of methyl donors, particularly lecithin and betaine, in feed as nutritional supplements has a potential stress-mitigating effect in L. rohita fingerlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj Kumar
- Central Institute of Fisheries Education (CIFE), 7-Bungalows, Versova, Andheri (W), Mumbai, 400061, India.
| | - S B Jadhao
- Central Institute of Fisheries Education (CIFE), 7-Bungalows, Versova, Andheri (W), Mumbai, 400061, India
| | - N K Chandan
- Central Institute of Fisheries Education (CIFE), 7-Bungalows, Versova, Andheri (W), Mumbai, 400061, India
| | - Kundan Kumar
- Central Institute of Fisheries Education (CIFE), 7-Bungalows, Versova, Andheri (W), Mumbai, 400061, India
| | - A K Jha
- Central Institute of Fisheries Education (CIFE), 7-Bungalows, Versova, Andheri (W), Mumbai, 400061, India
| | - S Bhushan
- Central Institute of Fisheries Education (CIFE), 7-Bungalows, Versova, Andheri (W), Mumbai, 400061, India
| | - Saurav Kumar
- Central Institute of Fisheries Education (CIFE), 7-Bungalows, Versova, Andheri (W), Mumbai, 400061, India
| | - R S Rana
- Central Institute of Fisheries Education (CIFE), 7-Bungalows, Versova, Andheri (W), Mumbai, 400061, India
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer is the second most common cancer in women in Nepal. Even though the evaluation and treatment of patients is done as per western guidelines, there are considerable variations in risk factors, presenting stage and prognostic factors such as receptor status. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the clinical profile of patients presenting with breast cancer in Nepal. METHOD The study was conducted at Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Bir Hospital and Department of Radiation Oncology, BP Koirala Memorial Cancer Hospital, Bharatpur from 16th July 2007 to 15th June 2008 for a period of one year and 114 patients were enrolled. Detailed history, clinical examination and necessary investigations performed. Histological features including receptor status were recorded. Tumor Node Metastasis (TNM) staging system was as per American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC), fifth edition. Data was collected in preformed case report form and was managed using SPSS version 13. RESULTS The incidence was high (34.2%) among perimenopausal women age ranging from 41 to 50. The majority of women presented with lump (98.2%) and others with pain (21.9%), nipple retraction (16.7%), ulceration (7.9%), discharge (7%), or symptoms of metastasis (6.1%). Regarding receptor status, the majority (64.0%) were Estrogen receptor (ER) and Progesterone receptor (PR) negative with 21.9 percent. ER+PR+, Younger women were more likely to be both ER and PR negative. Where available, Her- 2 immunohistochemistry showed that 45.0 % of post menopausal women were Her-2 neative, compared to 64.0 % of premenopausal women. Incidence of Triple negative disease was 41.3 %. The most common stage at presentation was stage III (26.3%). CONCLUSION Majority of patients were perimenopausal, presenting with locally advanced disease (Stage III and Stage II) and with average tumor size two to five cm and were hormonal receptor negative. These findings are similar to other South Asian population but is inverse than profile reported in Western populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Acharya
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology National Academy of Medical Sciences, Bir Hospital Kathmandu, Nepal.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Unsafe medical care may cause substantial morbidity and mortality globally, despite imprecise estimates of the magnitude of the problem. To better understand the extent and nature of the problem of unsafe care, the WHO World Alliance for Patient Safety commissioned an overview of the world's literature on patient safety research. METHODS Major patient safety topics were identified through a consultative and investigative process and were categorised into the framework of structure, process and outcomes of unsafe care. Lead experts examined current evidence and identified major knowledge gaps relating to topics in developing, transitional and developed nations. The report was reviewed by internal and external experts and underwent improvements based on the feedback. FINDINGS Twenty-three major patient safety topics were examined. Much of the evidence of the outcomes of unsafe care is from developed nations, where prevalence studies demonstrate that between 3% and 16% of hospitalised patients suffer harm from medical care. Data from transitional and developing countries also suggest substantial harm from medical care. However, considerable gaps in knowledge about the structural and process factors that underlie unsafe care globally make solutions difficult to identify, especially in resource-poor settings. INTERPRETATION Harm from medical care appears to pose a substantial burden to the world's population. However, much of the evidence base comes from developed nations. Understanding the scope of and solutions for unsafe care for the rest of the world is a critical component of delivering safe, effective care to all of the world's citizens.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Jha
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
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Nath A, Deka BC, Jha AK, Paul D, Misra LK. Effect of slice thickness and blanching time on different quality attributes of instant ginger candy. J Food Sci Technol 2012; 50:197-202. [PMID: 24425909 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-012-0619-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 12/26/2011] [Accepted: 01/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Fresh ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) suffers from weight loss, shrinkage, sprouting and rotting during storage after 3-4 weeks. This spoilage may be overcome by processing fresh produce to some value added products. An attempt was made to optimize the protocol for production of instant ginger candy. The experimental parameters considered were slice thickness (5.0-25.0 mm) and blanching duration (10-30 min) followed by dipping in 40°B and 75°B sugar solutions containing 2.0% citric acid respectively, for 1 and 2 h at 95 °C and dried at 60 °C for 1 h. RSM design was considered for this experiment and final products were evaluated for their textural properties, TSS, acidity, TSS: acid ratio, taste score and overall acceptability. The optimum product qualities in terms of hardness (2.08 kg), TSS (73.4%), acidity (1.31%), TSS: acid ratio (56.3), taste score (7.98) and overall acceptability (8.07) were obtained for slice thickness of 10.9 mm and blanching time of 24.9 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Nath
- Division of Horticulture, ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam, Meghalaya India PIN-793103
| | - Bidyut C Deka
- Division of Horticulture, ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam, Meghalaya India PIN-793103
| | - A K Jha
- Division of Horticulture, ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam, Meghalaya India PIN-793103
| | - D Paul
- Division of Horticulture, ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam, Meghalaya India PIN-793103
| | - L K Misra
- Division of Horticulture, ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam, Meghalaya India PIN-793103
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Uppal B, Aggarwal P, Ghosh R, Jha AK, Prakash SK. Resistant Escherichia coli strains circulating in a tertiary-care hospital in New Delhi, India. Crit Care 2012. [PMCID: PMC3504883 DOI: 10.1186/cc11769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- B Uppal
- Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - P Aggarwal
- Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - R Ghosh
- Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - AK Jha
- Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India
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Nikbakht M, MalekZadeh K, Kumar Jha A, Askari M, Marwaha RK, Kaul D, Kaur J. Polymorphisms of MTHFR and MTR genes are not related to susceptibility to childhood ALL in North India. Exp Oncol 2012; 34:43-48. [PMID: 22453148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most worldwide common type of childhood cancer. Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) and 5-methyltetrahydrofolate-homocysteine methyltransferase (MTR) participate in folate pathways and are known as critical factors for DNA integrity as well as DNA hypomethylation. The aim of this work is to investigate frequency of MTHFR (677C→T and 1298A→C) and MTR (2756A→G) polymorphisms and their interaction with respect to possible effect on risk of childhood ALL among North Indian population. PROCEDURE A case control study from has been conducted on bone marrow and peripheral blood samples from 125 ALL patients and 100 sex-age matched healthy controls using PCR-RFLP method. RESULTS No statistically significant differences were observed for different genotypes between patients and controls (p>0.05). Significant difference for the risk of ALL in individuals having genotype of MTHFR 677TT (OR=0.61, 95% CI=0.21-1.77) and MTHFR 1298CC (OR=0.56, 95% CI=0.18-1.68) was not observed. The correlation of SNP of MTR gene and risk of ALL was not observed, too. CONCLUSIONS The differences in distribution of possible combined genotypes of MTHFR (677C→T, 1298A→C) and MTR (2756A→G) between ALL patients and controls were statistically insignificant.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nikbakht
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University (PU), Chandigarh, India
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Jha AK, Gurung D. Reaching the Unreached- A Model for Sustainable Community Development Through Information and Communication Technology. JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc 2011. [DOI: 10.31729/jnma.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Telemedicine, which is defi ned as ‘the practice of healthcare using interactive audio, visual and data communications and includes healthcare delivery, diagnosis, consultation and treatment as well as education and transfer of medical data’, has been gaining popularity in the health services sector. Dermatology as a specialty is particularly suitable for telemedicine and more so in geographic regions with scarcity of qualifi ed manpower, where it has greatly facilitated the outreach of specialist care delivery. However, the cost of telemedicine technology is a signifi cant hurdle which makes the sustainability of such services challenging. Maximum utilization of such technology by active participation of well motivated benefi ciary communities and bringing innovative strategies for its use will be crucial in sustaining such services in rural communities.
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Jha AK, Gurung D. Reaching the unreached: a model for sustainable community development through information and communication technology. JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc 2011; 51:213-214. [PMID: 22922905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Telemedicine, which is defined as 'the practice of healthcare using interactive audio, visual and data communications and includes healthcare delivery, diagnosis, consultation and treatment as well as education and transfer of medical data', has been gaining popularity in the health services sector. Dermatology as a specialty is particularly suitable for telemedicine and more so in geographic regions with scarcity of qualified manpower, where it has greatly facilitated the outreach of specialist care delivery. However, the cost of telemedicine technology is a significant hurdle which makes the sustainability of such services challenging. Maximum utilization of such technology by active participation of well motivated beneficiary communities and bringing innovative strategies for its use will be crucial in sustaining such services in rural communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Jha
- DI Skin Hospital and Research Center, Kathmandu, Nepal.
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Chatterjee D, Sahu RK, Jha AK, Dwivedi J. Evaluation of Antitumor Activity of Cuscuta Reflexa Roxb (Cuscutaceae) Against Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma in Swiss Albino Mice. TROP J PHARM RES 2011. [DOI: 10.4314/tjpr.v10i4.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Rijal AS, Joshi RR, Regmi S, Malla NS, Dhungana A, Jha AK, Rijal JP. Ear diseases in children presenting at Nepal Medical College Teaching Hospital. Nepal Med Coll J 2011; 13:164-168. [PMID: 22808806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Ear diseases are a common presentation in the ENT out-patient department. These diseases can have sequelae if not treated early which may cause increased morbidity, hearing disability and even mortality. Identifying these conditions early and treating them can reduce these unwanted sequelae. A prospective study over a period of three years was undertaken in a tertiary care hospital in Kathmandu. All children presenting with ear diseases consecutively in the ENT out-patients were included and their data was recorded in a pro forma. The data was analysed for frequency and cross-tabulated. The study included 2218 children with ear diseases among which 868 (39.1%) were pre-school and 1350 (60.9%) were school going children. The male to female ratio was 1.5:1. The most common otological problem was wax impaction (40.2%), followed by acute otitis media (AOM) with 24.3%, chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) with 17.7% and acute otitis externa (AOE) with 7.5% of the total cases. The other conditions were otitis media with effusion (2.8%), foreign bodies in the ear (2.3%), otomycosis (1.7%), preauricular sinus (1.1%), sensorineural hearing loss (0.8%), trauma to the ear (0.7%), keloids (0.3%), microtia (0.2%) and perichondritis (0.2%).The three year olds had the highest number of otological diseases with 9.2% of the total among the ages studied. It is felt that proper education of health care providers regarding ear diseases and also awareness in the community can prevent and reduce the disability and complications of these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Rijal
- Department of ENT and Head and Neck Surgery, Nepal Medical College Teaching Hospital, Attarkhel, Jorpati, Kathmandu, Nepal.
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Pramanik T, Jha AK, Ghimire A. A retrospective study of cases presenting with chilblains (Perniosis) in Out Patient Department Of Dermatology, Nepal Medical College and Teaching Hospital (NMCTH). Nepal Med Coll J 2011; 13:190-192. [PMID: 22808813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Chilblains (Perniosis/Pernio) is characterized by painful red-to-purple papular lesions involving the fingers or toes due to non-freezing damp cold that resolves with symptomatic treatment. As in winters, cold is moderate to severe in Kathmandu, this retrospective study was undertaken to find out the incidence of chilblains cases, seeking health care in the Out Patient Department of Dermatology, Nepal Medical College and Teaching Hospital. Cases of chilblains were noted in the months of October to December 2009, January to March 2010, October to December 2010 and January to March 2011. Out of total 49 cases maximum patients (n=25; male 10, female 15) were in the age group of 7-20 years. Rest of them (n=18; male 7, female 11) were in the age group of 21-40 years and only 6 (male 2, female 4) were in the age group of 41-65 years. Amongst all the cases 30 patients were females (61.2%) and 19 were males (38.8%). Most of (79.6%) the chilblain victims sought health care during the months of December to February -- coldest time of the years. The patients were advised to protect their acral parts from cold exposure as far as practicable by wearing shocks and gloves. They were advised not to warm their extremities all on a sudden, after exposure to cold, as this causes vasospasm and makes the condition worse. Extremities should be warmed gradually. Assessing the severity of the condition topical allocation of steroid ointment and/or anti allergic drugs was prescribed, when felt needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Pramanik
- Department of Physiology, Nepal Medical College, Kathmandu, Nepal.
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Prasanth T, Mandlik VB, Kumar S, Jha AK, Kosala M. Evaluation of Aerosol and Water Contamination and Control of Cross Infection in Dental Clinics. Med J Armed Forces India 2011; 66:37-40. [PMID: 27365702 DOI: 10.1016/s0377-1237(10)80090-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2008] [Accepted: 08/29/2008] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The oral cavity is an unique environment which provides an ideal medium for bacterial growth. As a result of repeated exposure to the microorganisms present in blood and saliva, the dental health professionals and the patients are at a higher risk for developing many infectious diseases. A pilot study was carried out in the Dept of Dental Surgery, Armed Forces Medical College to assess the risk of cross infection in dental clinics. METHODS Samples were collected from different dental surgeries of the Dept of Dental Surgery, Armed Forces Medical College and sent for microbiological culture and identification to the Dept of Microbiology, Armed Forces Medical College. The sampling was carried out in two stages, before and after implementing a set protocol. RESULT All dental unit waterlines were coated with a well established biofilm made up of filamentous and bacillus-like microorganisms in first stage of study. There was marked reduction in the number of colonies from the samples collected during second stage. Same findings were observed in the samples of aerosol produced by ultrasonic scalers. CONCLUSION The present study concluded that the new set protocol followed is significantly effective in reducing the microbial load in the water tubing, container and aerosol production. It is an effective measure for reducing the chances of cross infection in the dental surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Prasanth
- Graded Specialist (Periodontology & Oral Implantology), 1 Air Force Dental Centre, Air Force Station, Palam, New Delhi-10
| | - V B Mandlik
- Commanding Officer & Corps Dental Advisor, 10 CDU, C/o-56 APO, Pune-40
| | - S Kumar
- Associate Professor (Dept of Microbiology), AFMC, Pune-40
| | - A K Jha
- Reader (Department of Dental Surgery), AFMC, Pune-40
| | - M Kosala
- Postgraduate Resident (Periodontology & Oral Implantology), AFMC, Pune-40
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