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Lauck S, Bancroft C, Andrews H, Achtem L, Polderman J, Stephenson A, Yu M. IMPLEMENTATION OF AN EARLY MOBILIZATION PROTOCOL TO ACCELERATE RECONDITIONING AFTER TRANSCATHETER AORTIC VALVE IMPLANTATION: IDENTIFICATION OF BARRIERS TO STANDARDIZED NURSING PRACTICE. Can J Cardiol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2022.08.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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Le T, Cheng S, Wallenburg J, Stephenson A. 37 Trends in Canadian cystic fibrosis health care use amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. J Cyst Fibros 2022. [PMCID: PMC9527878 DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(22)00728-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Sahota P, Yu M, Polderman J, Achtem L, Stephenson A, Morgan K, Lauck S. Validation of the virtual measurement of the Essential Frailty Toolset. Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs 2022. [PMCID: PMC9384357 DOI: 10.1093/eurjcn/zvac060.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. Background The Essential Frailty Toolset (EFT) is a valid measurement of frailty in people with heart valve disease. COVID-19 has prompted the transition to virtual health consultations and necessitates the validation of the virtual assessment of frailty. Methods We conducted a prospective observational cohort study to compare the measurement of EFT in person and virtual format within a maximum 2-week window of repeated measurement. The weighted Kappa tests was used to measure the agreement of EFT scores between assessments; we explored the effect of the sequence of measurement using the Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel statistic to test the general association between the timing of measurement and differences of EFT score. Results We recruited a sample of 49 patients, with a mean age of 81 ± 7 years, including 29 men (59.2%); the primary valvular heart diseases were aortic stenosis (n=40, 81.6%), mitral regurgitation (n=2, 4.1%) and tricuspid regurgitation (n=7, 14.3%). The virtual measurement of frailty was conducted using a standardised protocol. The platform for virtual connection selected by patients was FaceTime (n=20, 40.8%) and Zoom (n=29, 59.2%); the median (IQR) number of days between the in-person and the virtual assessment was 5 (3,10). The weighted Kappa estimate was 0.69 (95% CI 0.55, 0.82), illustrating a strong agreement between the separate scores obtained. The test for the general association was non-significant (p=0.82), indicating a lack of evidence for detecting an association between EFT scores and chronological order of assessment. Conclusion The EFT can be reliably measured virtual in older patients with valvular heart disease to inform clinical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Sahota
- St Paul's Hospital , Vancouver , Canada
| | - M Yu
- St Paul's Hospital , Vancouver , Canada
| | | | - L Achtem
- St Paul's Hospital , Vancouver , Canada
| | | | - K Morgan
- St Paul's Hospital , Vancouver , Canada
| | - S Lauck
- St Paul's Hospital , Vancouver , Canada
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Lauck S, Bancroft C, Yu M, Polderman J, Andrews H, Stephenson A. Implementation of nurse-led early mobilisation after transcatheter aortic valve implantation: Identification of barriers to standardised practice. Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurjcn/zvac060.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: None.
Background
We examined the barriers of early nurse-led mobilisation after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) to support safe next-day discharge home.
Methods
We conducted a prospective observational cohort study of patients treated in 2019-2021 using a standardised post-procedure nursing care standard to promote mobilisation in 4 to 6 hours after TAVI. Results are presented as mean (standard deviation) for continuous variables and as number (percentage) for categorical data; student t test was used to compare continuous variables and χ2 and Fisher exact tests were used to compare categorical variables. All analyses were performed in SAS version 9.4 (SAS Institute).
Results
The cohort included a convenience sample of 139 patients (64 women, 46%) mean age 82.5±6.7 years, NYHA III/IV 72 (51.8%), prior pacemaker 18 (13%), and prior SAVR 11 (7.9%). Patients were treated under local anaesthesia only (n=29, 20.9%) or conscious sedation (n=106, 76.3%) with a balloon expandable device (n=134, 96.4%) in a cardiac catheterisation laboratory (n=111, 79.9%) or hybrid operating room (n=28, 25.2%), and early recovery in cardiac telemetry (n=101, 72.7%) or critical care unit (n=38, 27.3%). Early mobilisation was achieved in 113 patients (81.3%: 4 hours: n=100, 71.9%, 4-6 hours: n=13, 9.4%); there were no significant (p≤0.05) differences in baseline characteristics between patients with early vs. late mobilisation; the primary reasons for delayed mobilisation included monitoring and/or managing cardiac conduction issues (n=6), vascular access hemostasis (n=6) and neurological status (n=4), patient preference or other self-reported issue (n=5) and nursing workload (n=5). In patients who achieved early mobilisation, 81.4% were discharge on post-operative day 1 and 86.3% by day 2, with 99.1% returning directly home. There was no significant difference in 30-day readmission between the two groups.
Conclusions
Early nurse-led protocol-driven mobilisation is safe and effective to facilitate rapid reconditioning and safe transition home after uncomplicated TAVI. Research is needed to better understand patient and systems-level enablers to improve standardisation of practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lauck
- St Paul's Hospital , Vancouver , Canada
| | | | - M Yu
- St Paul's Hospital , Vancouver , Canada
| | | | - H Andrews
- St Paul's Hospital , Vancouver , Canada
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Howes S, Stephenson A, Murphy P, Deutsch J, Stokes M, Pedlow K, McDonough S. Factors influencing the delivery of telerehabilitation for stroke: A systematic review. Physiotherapy 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physio.2021.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Blanchard A, Hewko S, Somayaji R, Cogen J, Hernandez R, Stephenson A, Yau Y, Julien J, Quon B, Downey D, Hoffman L, Waters V. 490: A prospective study to evaluate serologic and immune responses to SARS-COV-2 infection in persons living with cystic fibrosis: Canadian arm of the CAR-CF study. J Cyst Fibros 2021. [PMCID: PMC8518460 DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(21)01914-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Coriati A, Ma X, Sykes J, Stanojevic S, Ruseckaite R, Lemonnier L, Tate J, Byrnes C, Bell S, Burgel P, Stephenson A. 36: International comparison of survival in cystic fibrosis between Canada, France, and Australia. J Cyst Fibros 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(21)01461-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Rawal K, Martinu T, Juvet S, Stephenson A, Keshavjee S, Chaparro C. Multi-Organ Transplant in Cystic Fibrosis and its Impact on Long-Term Survival. J Heart Lung Transplant 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2021.01.1013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Soria F, Giordano A, Black P, Fairey A, Cookson M, Yu E, Kassouf W, Dall’Era M, Sridhar S, McGrath J, Wright J, Thorpe A, Morgan T, Daneshmand S, Holzbeierlein J, Bivalacqua T, North S, Barocas D, Lotan Y, Grivas P, Stephenson A, Shah J, van Rhijn B, Spiess P, Shariat S, Gontero P. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy plus radical cystectomy versus radical cystectomy alone in clinical T2 bladder cancer patients without hydronephrosis: results from a large multicenter cohort study. EUR UROL SUPPL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s2666-1683(20)35401-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Coriati A, Sykes J, Stanojevic S, Lemonnier L, Dehillotte C, Burgel PR, Stephenson A. WS23.6 Impact of the French high emergency program in cystic fibrosis: survival comparison between France and Canada. J Cyst Fibros 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(20)30280-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Kim SC, Mathews DV, Breeden CP, Higginbotham LB, Ladowski J, Martens G, Stephenson A, Farris AB, Strobert EA, Jenkins J, Walters EM, Larsen CP, Tector M, Tector AJ, Adams AB. Long-term survival of pig-to-rhesus macaque renal xenografts is dependent on CD4 T cell depletion. Am J Transplant 2019; 19:2174-2185. [PMID: 30821922 PMCID: PMC6658347 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.15329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The shortage of available organs remains the greatest barrier to expanding access to transplant. Despite advances in genetic editing and immunosuppression, survival in experimental models of kidney xenotransplant has generally been limited to <100 days. We found that pretransplant selection of recipients with low titers of anti-pig antibodies significantly improved survival in a pig-to-rhesus macaque kidney transplant model (6 days vs median survival time 235 days). Immunosuppression included transient pan-T cell depletion and an anti-CD154-based maintenance regimen. Selective depletion of CD4+ T cells but not CD8+ T cells resulted in long-term survival (median survival time >400 days vs 6 days). These studies suggested that CD4+ T cells may have a more prominent role in xenograft rejection compared with CD8+ T cells. Although animals that received selective depletion of CD8+ T cells showed signs of early cellular rejection (marked CD4+ infiltrates), animals receiving selective CD4+ depletion exhibited normal biopsy results until late, when signs of chronic antibody rejection were present. In vitro study results suggested that rhesus CD4+ T cells required the presence of SLA class II to mount an effective proliferative response. The combination of low pretransplant anti-pig antibody and CD4 depletion resulted in consistent, long-term xenograft survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- SC Kim
- Emory Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - DV Mathews
- Emory Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - CP Breeden
- Emory Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - LB Higginbotham
- Emory Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - J Ladowski
- National Swine Resource and Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - G Martens
- National Swine Resource and Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - A Stephenson
- Emory Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - AB Farris
- Emory Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - EA Strobert
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - J Jenkins
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - EM Walters
- National Swine Resource and Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - CP Larsen
- Emory Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia,Yerkes National Primate Research Center, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - M Tector
- Comprehensive Transplant Institute, University of Alabama Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - AJ Tector
- Comprehensive Transplant Institute, University of Alabama Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - AB Adams
- Emory Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia,Yerkes National Primate Research Center, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
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Douglass L, Kovac E, Campbell S, Stephenson A, Meade P, Maizels M. Computer-enhanced visual learning: open primary, nerve-sparing retroperitoneal lymph node dissection. J Pediatr Urol 2019; 15:270-272. [PMID: 31221396 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2019.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L Douglass
- Department of Urology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, NY, USA
| | - E Kovac
- Department of Urology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, NY, USA
| | - S Campbell
- Department of Urology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH, USA
| | - A Stephenson
- Department of Urology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH, USA
| | - P Meade
- Division of Pediatric Urology, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, IL, USA; Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - M Maizels
- Division of Pediatric Urology, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, IL, USA; Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
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Abouassaly R, Klein E, El-Shefai A, Stephenson A. Initial Results Comparing Micro-Ultrasound with MRI for Prostate Cancer Detection. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-9056(18)33648-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Plinsinga M, Vuvan V, Stephenson A, Mellor R, Heales L, van Wilgen P, Brink M, Coombes B, Vicenzino B. Pain and psychological characteristics in patellar tendinopathy. J Sci Med Sport 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2016.12.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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15
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Chourdakis M, Smyrnakis E, Doundoulakis I, Leedham-Green K, Wylie A, Benos A, Stephenson A. MON-P203: Degree of Motivation and Perception of Targeted Weight Loss Among Overweightand Obese Patients in Primary Care During a Novel Behavioral Change Consultation. Clin Nutr 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s0261-5614(16)30837-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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16
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Ouzaid I, Ganesan V, Stephenson A, Stein R, Fergany A, Campbell S, Kaouk J, Haber G. Cystectomie radicale ouverte versus cystectomie radicale robot-assistée avec dérivation urinaire intra-corporéale : une étude de cohorte appareillée par coefficient de propension. Prog Urol 2015; 25:768. [DOI: 10.1016/j.purol.2015.08.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Highsmith J, Lehockey K, Watson E, Loveless J, Stephenson A, Everhart D. C-27Measures of Executive Functioning and Appetitive Motivation Predict Gender-Specific Cognitive versus Gambling Task Choices. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acv047.229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Abramowitz M, Williams S, Stephenson A, Kattan M, Pisansky T, Klein E, Anscher M, Michalski J, Sandler H, Forman J, Zelefsky M, Kestin L, DeWeese T, Liauw S, Valicenti R, Kuban D, Pollack A. Defining Long Term Failure Risk in Patients With an Undetectable PSA After Salvage Radiation. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2014.05.579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Machuca T, Solomon M, Chaparro C, Stephenson A, Tullis E, Cypel M, Saito T, Azad S, Grasemann H, Binnie M, Chow C, Pierre A, Yasufuku K, de Perrot M, Waddell T, Singer L, Keshavjee S. Outcomes and Survival Benefit of Lung Transplantation for Cystic Fibrosis: Single-Center Experience of 309 Consecutive Cases. J Heart Lung Transplant 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2014.01.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Stevens D, Stephenson A, Faughnan M, Leek E, Tullis E. Prognostic relevance of dynamic hyperinflation during cardiopulmonary exercise testing in adult patients with cystic fibrosis. J Cyst Fibros 2013; 12:655-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2013.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Revised: 04/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/21/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Ciezki J, Reddy C, Ulchaker J, Angermeier K, Stephans K, Tendulkar R, Stephenson A, Chehade N, Altman A, Klein E. Patterns of Care for the Definitive Management of Prostate Cancer in the U.S. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2013.06.968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Stephans K, Tendulkar R, Reddy C, Stephenson A, Klein E, Kupelian P, Ciezki J. High-Risk Prostate Cancer: Radiation or Surgery? Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2013.06.974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Stephenson A. Three-axis static alternating field demagnetization of rocks and the identification of natural remanent magnetization, gyroremanent magnetization, and anisotropy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/92jb01849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Tangpricha V, Kelly A, Stephenson A, Maguiness K, Enders J, Robinson KA, Marshall BC, Borowitz D. An update on the screening, diagnosis, management, and treatment of vitamin D deficiency in individuals with cystic fibrosis: evidence-based recommendations from the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2012; 97:1082-93. [PMID: 22399505 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2011-3050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective was to develop evidence-based clinical care guidelines for the screening, diagnosis, management, and treatment of vitamin D deficiency in individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF). PARTICIPANTS The guidelines committee was comprised of physicians, registered dietitians, a pharmacist, a nurse, a parent of an individual with CF, and a health scientist, all with experience in CF. PROCESS Committee members developed questions specific to vitamin D health in individuals with CF. Systematic reviews were completed for each question. The committee reviewed and graded the available evidence and developed evidence-based recommendations and consensus recommendations when insufficient evidence was available. Each consensus recommendation was voted upon by an anonymous process. CONCLUSIONS Vitamin D deficiency is common in CF. Given the limited evidence specific to CF, the committee provided consensus recommendations for most of the recommendations. The committee recommends yearly screening for vitamin D status, preferably at the end of winter, using the serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D measurement, with a minimal 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration of 30 ng/ml (75 nmol/liter) considered vitamin D sufficient in individuals with CF. Recommendations for age-specific vitamin D intake for all individuals with CF, form of vitamin D, and a stepwise approach to increase vitamin D intake when optimal vitamin D status is not achieved are delineated.
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Matteo M, Greco P, Levi Setti P, Stracci F, De Rosario F, Massenzio F, Albani E, Falagario T, Liso A, Chavarro JE, Colaci DS, Afeiche M, Gaskins AJ, Wright D, Toth TL, Hauser R, Schram C, Tullis E, Stephenson A, Hannam T, Kesmodel US, Cristensen MW, Degn B, Ingerslev HJ. SESSION 53: CONFOUNDING FACTORS IN ART. Hum Reprod 2012. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/27.s2.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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27
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Krishnamurthi V, Subramanian V, Berglund R, Navia J, Nowicki E, Miocinovic R, Stephenson A, Goldfarb D, Klein E, Novick A. MP-06.11 Contemporary Vascular Bypass Approach for Treatment of Retroperitoneal Tumors with Inferior Vena Cava and Atrial Extension: A 20-Year Single Institution Experience. Urology 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2011.07.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Li W, Sun L, Corey M, Zou F, Lee S, Cojocaru AL, Taylor C, Blackman SM, Stephenson A, Sandford AJ, Dorfman R, Drumm ML, Cutting GR, Knowles MR, Durie P, Wright FA, Strug LJ. Understanding the population structure of North American patients with cystic fibrosis. Clin Genet 2011; 79:136-46. [PMID: 20681990 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.2010.01502.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
It is generally presumed that the cystic fibrosis (CF) population is relatively homogeneous, and predominantly of European origin. The complex ethnic make-up observed in the CF patients collected by the North American CF Modifier Gene Consortium has brought this assumption into question, and suggested the potential for population substructure in the three CF study samples collected from North America. It is well appreciated that population substructure can result in spurious genetic associations. To understand the ethnic composition of the North American CF population, and to assess the need for population structure adjustment in genetic association studies with North American CF patients, genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphisms on 3076 unrelated North American CF patients were used to perform population structure analyses. We compared self-reported ethnicity to genotype-inferred ancestry, and also examined whether geographic distribution and cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) mutation type could explain the population structure observed. Although largely Caucasian, our analyses identified a considerable number of CF patients with admixed African-Caucasian, Mexican-Caucasian and Indian-Caucasian ancestries. Population substructure was present and comparable across the three studies of the consortium. Neither geographic distribution nor CFTR mutation type explained the population structure. Given the ethnic diversity of the North American CF population, it is essential to carefully detect, estimate and adjust for population substructure to guard against potential spurious findings in CF genetic association studies. Other Mendelian diseases that are presumed to predominantly affect single ethnic groups may also benefit from careful analysis of population structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Li
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, M5G 1X8, ON, Canada
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Wood L, Garcia JA, Elson P, Salas RN, Lane BR, Klein E, Stephenson A, Dreicer R, Campbell SC, Rini BI. Sunitinib in patients (pts) with unresectable primary renal cell carcinoma (RCC). J Clin Oncol 2009. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.5096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
5096 Background: Sunitinib inhibits VEGF and related receptors, with high tumor shrinkage rates in metastatic (met) RCC. Shrinkage of primary tumors has been observed, although prospective investigation is lacking. The ability of sunitinib to convert primary RCC tumors from unresectable to resectable is of high clinical interest. Methods: Pts with histologically-confirmed RCC with an unresectable primary tumor with or without met disease were enrolled on a single-arm phase II trial. Primary tumors were unresectable due to ≥ 1 of the following: large tumor size, bulky lymphadenopathy, encasement of renal vessels, IVC thrombosis or proximity to vital structures. Pts received 50 mg sunitinib continuous dosing in repeated 6-week cycles. Staging by CT scans or MRI was done at baseline and every 2 cycles. A Simon 2-stage design was employed to test the alternative hypothesis of a conversion to resectability rate of 20% versus the null hypothesis of 5%; β = 0.8, α = 0.05 (n = 31). Results: 18 pts have been enrolled; 1 excluded due to a non-RCC diagnosis. Pts were unresectable due to bulky lymphadenopathy (6), IVC thrombosis (4), proximity to vital structures (4) or tumor size (3), although most pts had multiple factors. Median age among 14 evaluable pts was 61 years (range, 37–80), 59% male, 76% ECOG PS 0; 79% had distant met disease. The 14 evaluable pts have received a median of 3 cycles of therapy (range, 1–10+). Three pts (21%) have undergone primary tumor resection; viable RCC was identified in all specimens with no unexpected surgical morbidity. Nine pts (53%) had primary tumor reduction (median 19%; range, -64% to -1%). Overall, median best % change in tumor burden was 4.9% reduction for primary tumors (range, -43.1% to +8.5%) and 10.7% reduction for met sites (range, -89.5% to +28.6%). Median PFS is 4.9 months. Eleven pts (79%) discontinued therapy; 8 for PD, 1 for adverse events and 2 following surgery which removed all visible disease. Eight pts (57%) experienced grade 3 toxicity including thrombocytopenia, fatigue, hypertension, anemia, hemoptysis, and hand-foot syndrome; 1 pt had grade 4 neutropenia. Conclusions: Sunitinib has activity in unresectable primary RCC tumors, permitting resection in some pts. Continued prospective investigation is required to optimize patient selection and timing of surgery. [Table: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Wood
- Cleveland ClinicTaussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH; Cleveland Clinic Glickman Urological Institute, Cleveland, OH
| | - J. A. Garcia
- Cleveland ClinicTaussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH; Cleveland Clinic Glickman Urological Institute, Cleveland, OH
| | - P. Elson
- Cleveland ClinicTaussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH; Cleveland Clinic Glickman Urological Institute, Cleveland, OH
| | - R. N. Salas
- Cleveland ClinicTaussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH; Cleveland Clinic Glickman Urological Institute, Cleveland, OH
| | - B. R. Lane
- Cleveland ClinicTaussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH; Cleveland Clinic Glickman Urological Institute, Cleveland, OH
| | - E. Klein
- Cleveland ClinicTaussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH; Cleveland Clinic Glickman Urological Institute, Cleveland, OH
| | - A. Stephenson
- Cleveland ClinicTaussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH; Cleveland Clinic Glickman Urological Institute, Cleveland, OH
| | - R. Dreicer
- Cleveland ClinicTaussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH; Cleveland Clinic Glickman Urological Institute, Cleveland, OH
| | - S. C. Campbell
- Cleveland ClinicTaussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH; Cleveland Clinic Glickman Urological Institute, Cleveland, OH
| | - B. I. Rini
- Cleveland ClinicTaussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH; Cleveland Clinic Glickman Urological Institute, Cleveland, OH
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Ghoneim I, Stephenson A, Gong M, Campbell S, Fergany A. Micropapillary urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder: Early surgery or neoadjuvant chemotherapy? J Clin Oncol 2009. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.e16007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
e16007 Background: Micropapillary bladder carcinoma is a rare variant of urothelial carcinoma (UC) of the urinary bladder. As a particularly aggressive variant, patients are often urged to undergo up-front radical cystectomy. Though data is scarce on the treatment outcomes of patients with this entity, we present the case for neoadjuvant chemotherapy as opposed to early cystectomy in the setting of clinically localized micropapillary UC. Methods: A review of records of all patients evaluated at our institution for UC was conducted to identify micropapillary UC of the bladder over the period from 2000–2007. A total of 24 cases were found, and were evaluated for preoperative pathology and clinical stage, treatment course, pathological stage and cancer specific survival. Results: Mean patient age was 67.9 years with 19 males and 5 females. Twenty-one (87.5%) patients had clinically organ confined micropapillary UC at the time of diagnosis, three had minimally enlarged lymph nodes on pelvic CAT scans. Half of our patients had BCG refractory high grade non-muscle invasive UC. Twenty-two patients (91.67%) were offered radical cystectomy as first line management. Extended lymph node dissection was performed in eleven patients (45.83%). Final pathologic examination diagnosed metastatic lymph node involvement in 20 patients (83.33%), with 4 patients (20%) having positive LN outside the standard (pelvic) template of dissection. A stage upgrade was noticed in 95.23% of cases. Median cancer specific survival was 13 months. Survival at one year was 44% and 50% at 2years, with only one patient alive at 5 years. Conclusions: Our results suggest that clinically localized micropapillary UC is often metastatic to LN at the time of presentation. This setting of frequent systemic disease should encourage standard neoadjuvant chemotherapy rather than early surgical management for these patients. Extended LN dissection is warranted in these cases due to the high incidence of nodal involvement outside the standard template. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - M. Gong
- Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
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Eastham J, Bianco F, Cronin A, Stephenson A, Scardino P. 195. Outcomes After Salvage Radical Prostatectomy. J Surg Res 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2008.11.235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Horwitz E, Hanlon A, Pisansky T, Sandler H, Kuban D, Catton C, Michalski J, Stephenson A, Pollack A. The Phoenix Definition of Biochemical Failure Correlates With Clinical Failure for Men Treated With Adjuvant and Salvage Post-Prostatectomy Radiation: Results of the Multi-institutional Pooled Analysis. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2007.07.313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Stephenson
- a Institute of Lunar and Planetary Sciences, School of Physics , The University, Newcastle upon Tyne , NE1 7RU , England
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Shcönberg A, Stephenson A, Kaltschmitt H, Petersen E, Schulten H. Über die Einwirkung von alkali-metallorganischen Verbindungen auf Disulfide, Diselenide, Schwefelkohlenstoff, Thionylamin-Derivate, und über eine neue Synthese des dimeren Diphenyl-thioketens (2. Mitteil. über metallorganische Verbindungen). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/cber.19330660228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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35
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Schumacher R, Stephenson A, Gaddy C, Bojko A, Khoo B, Moore C. Eye tracking to improve electronic communications with oncology practitioners. J Clin Oncol 2005. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2005.23.16_suppl.6119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- R. Schumacher
- User Centric, Inc., Oakbrook Terrace, IL; American Society of Clin Oncology, Alexandria, VA
| | - A. Stephenson
- User Centric, Inc., Oakbrook Terrace, IL; American Society of Clin Oncology, Alexandria, VA
| | - C. Gaddy
- User Centric, Inc., Oakbrook Terrace, IL; American Society of Clin Oncology, Alexandria, VA
| | - A. Bojko
- User Centric, Inc., Oakbrook Terrace, IL; American Society of Clin Oncology, Alexandria, VA
| | - B. Khoo
- User Centric, Inc., Oakbrook Terrace, IL; American Society of Clin Oncology, Alexandria, VA
| | - C. Moore
- User Centric, Inc., Oakbrook Terrace, IL; American Society of Clin Oncology, Alexandria, VA
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Wichtel MEG, Fenwick SG, Hunter J, Stephenson A, Martin D, Wichtel JJ. Septicaemia and septic arthritis in a neonatal calf caused by Lactococcus lactis. Vet Rec 2003; 153:22-3. [PMID: 12877215 DOI: 10.1136/vr.153.1.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M E G Wichtel
- Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, C1A 4P3, PEI, Canada
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Stephenson A, Sa AD. A simple method for the measurement of the temperature variation of initial magnetic susceptibility between 77 and 1000 K. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1088/0022-3735/3/1/313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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39
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Wylie A, Robinson R, Stephenson A. Student learning centres in the community: a review of an organisation model. Med Educ 2001; 35:1078-1079. [PMID: 11715965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A Wylie
- Department of General Practice and Primary Care, Guy's, King's and St Thomas' School of Medicine, Weston Education Centre, London, UK
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Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated significant synergistic physiological and biochemical effects between low-dose endotoxin (Etx) administration and oleic acid (OA)-induced canine lung injury. To evaluate whether this interaction depends on Etx priming of some key cell population, we compared the effects of giving low-dose Etx both after as well as before inducing lung injury with OA. In addition to hemodynamic and blood-gas measurements, positron emission tomographic imaging was used to measure edema accumulation and intrapulmonary blood flow distribution. Biochemical measurements of the stable metabolites of prostacyclin and thromboxane were obtained as well as measurements of isoprostanes and reactive sulfhydryls as evidence for possible concomitant oxidant production. We found that the physiological and biochemical effects of low-dose Etx developed 30-45 min after its administration, regardless of whether Etx was administered before or after OA. No increase in either isoprostane or reactive sulfhydryl production after Etx and/or OA was detected. These data suggest that the synergistic effect of low-dose Etx and OA-induced lung injury is not due to a priming effect of Etx.
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Affiliation(s)
- D P Schuster
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA.
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41
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Abstract
Samples of livers of European otters from Denmark, Great Britain and Ireland were analyzed for manganese, chromium, zinc, copper, nickel and cobalt. Concentrations were generally significantly higher in samples from Great Britain. It was considered that this reflected the catchment geology from where the specimens originated.
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Affiliation(s)
- C F Mason
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, UK.
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Abstract
Doctors must increasingly be aware of what they should be, as well as what they should know. Professionalism, including a value system that supports the compassionate care of patients, is a means of encapsulating and prioritising these competing responsibilities. Accordingly, in this article, we assume that professionalism is an essential aspect of medical practice that needs to be taught to those entering medicine. We first describe critiques of professionalism and current challenges to it, in practice and in medical education. We then assess the current efforts of curriculum reform to incorporate professionalism and the methods used to teach it. Adopting and assessing such approaches to ensure that they are effective is of central importance in the education of future clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Stephenson
- Department of General Practice and Primary Care, GKT School of Medicine, King's College, London, UK.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Superior epithelial arcuate lesions (SEALs) are an infrequent and often asymptomatic complication of conventional soft contact lens wear. The characteristic arcuate pattern of the full-thickness corneal epithelial lesion usually occurs in the area covered by the upper eyelid, within 2 to 3 mm of the superior limbus in the 10- and 2-o'clock region. METHODS Literature on SEALs and recent clinical records from clinical trials using two types of prototype high Dk soft contact lenses were reviewed to gain greater insights into the etiology of SEALs. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS The reported low incidence of SEALs is partly because SEALs are not usually symptomatic. The etiology of SEALs is multifactorial. Our current hypothesis is that SEALs are produced by mechanical chaffing at the peripheral cornea. This chaffing occurs as a result of inward pressure of the upper lid, in an area where the peripheral corneal topography and lens design, rigidity, and surface characteristics combine to create excessive "frictional" pressure and abrasive shear force on the epithelial surface. Patient characteristics such as gender, age, and specific corneal and lid topographies also appear to influence the occurrence of SEALs. Prototype silicone hydrogel lenses are made from higher modulus materials with surfaces that seem to differ subtly in wettability in some patients. The prevalence of SEALs may well increase with the first generations of these lenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- B A Holden
- The Cornea and Contact Lens Research Unit, School of Optometry and The Cooperative Research Centre for Eye Research and Technology, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
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Abstract
AIMS To evaluate the cognitive outcome of a cohort of children with galactosaemia in relation to genotype. METHODS The cohort was drawn from children notified to the British Paediatric Surveillance Unit galactosaemia study which ran from 1988 to 1990. Cognitive outcome was assessed using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children or the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence. Parents completed a questionnaire detailing educational status, and the attending paediatrician returned a questionnaire regarding age at diagnosis and biochemical outcome over the previous two years. RESULTS A total of 45 children were genotyped: 30 were homoallelic for the Q188R mutation, the remainder being heteroallelic for Q188R with K285N (n = 4), L195P (n = 4), or other mutations (n = 7). Psychometric evaluation was available in 34 cases: mean full scale IQ was 79, verbal quotient 79, and performance quotient 82. Genotype was not related to galactose-1-phosphate (Gal-1-P) concentrations. However, children homoallelic for the Q188R mutation had significantly lower IQ scores than those who were heteroallelic (73. 6 v 94.8). This difference was independent of social and demographic influences and Gal-1-P concentrations over the previous two years. CONCLUSIONS In children with galactosaemia, cognitive outcome appears to relate to genotype rather than metabolic control, as reflected by Gal-1-P concentrations. The value of measuring Gal-1-P concentrations routinely once successfully established on a galactosaemia diet is questionable as concentrations do not appear to affect outcome. In the UK population, homozygosity for the Q188R mutation is invariably associated with a poor outcome, and there is evidence that variability in neurocognitive outcome is at least part dependent on allelic heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Shield
- Institute of Child Health, St Michael's Hill, Bristol, UK
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Stringer R, Labunska I, Santillo D, Johnston P, Siddorn J, Stephenson A. Concentrations of phthalate esters and identification of other additives in PVC children's toys. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2000; 7:27-36. [PMID: 19153836 DOI: 10.1065/espr199910.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/1999] [Accepted: 09/20/1999] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
This study was intended to provide data on the composition of soft PVC toys, addressing the widest practicable range of chemical additives and including non-phthalate additives. The study also included toys from as many countries as possible, since for many, no data were available. A total of 72 toys were purchased in 17 countries. The majority (64) were PVC or had PVC sections. In almost all the soft PVC toys analysed, phthalates comprised a sizeable proportion (most frequently 10-40%) of the total weight of the toy. The predominant phthalates detected were diisononyl phthalate (DINP) and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP). Other phthalates identified in high concentrations in some toys include isomeric mixes of diisooctyl phthalate (DIOP) and diisodecyl phthalate (DIDP). The estrogenic chemical nonylphenol was isolated from 13 toys, while 2 toys were found to contain the fungicide Fungitrol 11 (Folpet). 78% of PVC toys contained one or more extractable organic compounds in addition to those reported above.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Stringer
- Greenpeace Research Laboratories, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Exeter, Hatherly Laboratories, Prince of Wales Road, EX4 4PS, Exeter, UK.
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Wylie AM, Stephenson A, Copperman J, Wingfield R, Turner M, Steward C. Single-handed practices--their contribution to an undergraduate teaching network in the first year of the new curriculum. Med Educ 1999; 33:531-536. [PMID: 10354338 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2923.1999.00443.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The new curriculum at King's College School of Medicine and Dentistry, which commenced in September 1996, requires all medical undergraduates to have a general practice placement throughout the 5 years of their medical education. DESIGN This paper discusses recruitment, training and support of teaching practices for the new curriculum, reviews the distribution of single-handed general practices in the network and, via a selection of monitoring and evaluation procedures, discusses the implications of a policy which is inclusive of single-handed practices. The findings relate to the experience of the first semester of the first year of the new curriculum. It also examines the contributions that single-handed practices have made to the teaching network and the kind of support needed, if single-handed practices are to continue to contribute to the King's teaching network. SETTING King's College School of Medicine and Dentistry. SUBJECTS Medical undergraduates. RESULTS The findings of this paper revealed that over a third of general practice provision is via single-handed practices in South-east London. Within the undergraduate teaching network, 10% of practices are single-handed. Students are welcomed and receive a learning experience comparable to those students in larger practices. Attendance at training events has proved difficult for some of these tutors, but the extra input from the department, in order to address this deficit, has not been onerous. Indeed, single-handed practices have not been unique with regard to difficulties in attendance at training events. CONCLUSIONS The study concludes that single-handed practices can make satisfactory provision for undergraduates in the new curriculum and there is no evidence from this study to suggest otherwise.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Wylie
- Kings College School of Medicine & Dentistry, Department of General Practice and Primary Care, Weston Education Centre, Cutcombe Road, Bessemer Road, London SE5 9PJ, UK
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Benovic S, Kok T, Stephenson A, McInnes J, Burrell C, Li P. De novo reverse transcription of HTLV-1 following cell-to-cell transmission of infection. Virology 1998; 244:294-301. [PMID: 9601500 DOI: 10.1006/viro.1998.9111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Analogous to transmission of human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) in vivo, an in vitro cell-to-cell infection model was established by coculturing MT-2 cells as virus donors and HUT78 cells as recipients. At a donor:recipient ratio of 1:2, cell fusion occurred and a new round of HTLV-1 genome replication was initiated in the cocultured cells. Newly synthesized unintegrated viral DNA was detected by Southern blot within 4-8 h and then increased between 8 and 48 h following cell mixing. The most dominant species of unintegrated viral DNA was 3.7 kb in size which hybridized to a full-length HTLV-1 DNA probe but not to a Kpnl viral DNA fragment that is absent from a defective proviral genome that has been previously identified in MT-2 cells. Northern blot analysis showed large amounts of viral RNA in the virus donor cells and in the cocultured cells, with a 3.4-kb species being the most abundant. This 3.4-kb RNA gave a pattern identical to that of the 3.7-kb unintegrated viral DNA in hybridization studies using the two probes. It seems likely that the unspliced RNA transcript from the defective proviral genome in MT-2 cells was effectively reverse transcribed upon initiation of cell-to-cell viral transmission to susceptible HUT78 cells. Despite active de novo reverse transcription, however, viral RNA levels remained unchanged following cell-to-cell transmission of HTLV-1 infection and no viral antigen production could be attributed to the newly initiated round of viral genome replication. As an abortive infection model this simple cell-to-cell infection system warrants more detailed study as it has the potential to provide reliable information regarding the early events in HTLV-1 transmission and infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Benovic
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Adelaide, Australia
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence and mortality of melanoma have been increasing during the past two decades. Melanoma is relatively easy to detect and, when diagnosed early, is curable. OBJECTIVE Our purpose was to assess the baseline knowledge of malignant melanoma among family practitioners and to identify their preferred method of learning new information about the skin. METHODS The design was a randomized survey by mailed questionnaire. RESULTS More than 50% of physicians stated they lacked confidence in being able to recognize melanoma. Family physicians were well informed on factors affecting prognosis, but knowledge deficits were identified on history, physical examination, and risk factors. The most effective method of learning new information about the skin was hands-on teaching demonstration. CONCLUSION Many family physicians are not confident in their ability to recognize melanoma, and knowledge deficits were identified. In addition, some important risk factors were not well recognized. Thus, those at highest risk may not be receiving education on early detection that may help decrease the incidence and mortality of melanoma.
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Korge BP, Ishida-Yamamoto A, Pünter C, Dopping-Hepenstal PJ, Iizuka H, Stephenson A, Eady RA, Munro CS. Loricrin mutation in Vohwinkel's keratoderma is unique to the variant with ichthyosis. J Invest Dermatol 1997; 109:604-10. [PMID: 9326398 DOI: 10.1111/1523-1747.ep12337534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A mutation in the glycine-rich cornified envelope protein loricrin has recently been reported in Vohwinkel's keratoderma (honeycomb keratoderma with pseudoainhum), in a pedigree amongst whom ichthyosis was also a feature. We have studied two further families with Vohwinkel's keratoderma for evidence ofloricrin mutations. Our first family (VK1) also had ichthyosis but not deafness. In lesional and nonlesional skin, granular and transitional cell layers were increased. In immunoelectron-microscopic studies cornified envelopes were abnormally thin and were labeled densely by anti-involucrin antibodies, but only sparsely by antiloricrin antibodies; however, abnormal intranuclear granules seen in granular and cornified layer cells were labeled by antibodies to both C- and N-terminal loricrin. Microsatellite markers in VK1 supported linkage to the loricrin locus in the epidermal differentiation complex at 1q21 (Zmax = 2.48). The loricrin gene was sequenced, identifying a heterozygous mutation as previously reported: a G insertion producing a frameshift after codon 231 and an abnormal C-terminal peptide lacking residues necessary for cross-linking. In our second family (VK2), affected members had sensorineural deafness but not ichthyosis. Immunoelectron-microscopic studies showed normal loricrin distribution, and assuming complete penetrance, linkage to 1q21 was excluded. Vohwinkel's keratoderma is thus clinically and genetically heterogeneous. Only the variant with ichthyosis appears to be due to loricrin mutation. As the arginine-rich domain in C-terminal loricrin caused by the frameshift contains several potential bipartite nuclear localization signals, we suggest that the intranuclear accumulation of loricrin in VK1 is due to these motifs, and may be unique to insertional mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- B P Korge
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University of Cologne, Köln, Germany
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Gorrie GH, Vallis Y, Stephenson A, Whitfield J, Browning B, Smart TG, Moss SJ. Assembly of GABAA receptors composed of alpha1 and beta2 subunits in both cultured neurons and fibroblasts. J Neurosci 1997; 17:6587-96. [PMID: 9254671 PMCID: PMC6573131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
GABAA receptors are believed to be pentameric hetero-oligomers, which can be constructed from six subunits (alpha, beta, gamma, delta, epsilon, and rho) with multiple members, generating a large potential for receptor heterogeneity. The mechanisms used by neurons to control the assembly of these receptors, however, remain unresolved. Using Semliki Forest virus expression we have analyzed the assembly of 9E10 epitope-tagged receptors comprising alpha1 and beta2 subunits in baby hamster kidney cells and cultured superior cervical ganglia neurons. Homomeric subunits were retained within the endoplasmic reticulum, whereas heteromeric receptors were able to access the cell surface in both cell types. Sucrose density gradient fractionation demonstrated that the homomeric subunits were incapable of oligomerization, exhibiting 5 S sedimentation coefficients. Pulse-chase analysis revealed that homomers were degraded, with half-lives of approximately 2 hr for both the alpha1((9E10)) and beta2((9E10)) subunits. Oligomerization of the alpha1((9E10)) and beta2((9E10)) subunits was evident, as demonstrated by the formation of a stable 9 S complex, but this process seemed inefficient. Interestingly the appearance of cell surface receptors was slow, lagging up to 6 hr after the formation of the 9 S receptor complex. Using metabolic labeling a ratio of alpha1((9E10)):beta2((9E10)) of 1:1 was found in this 9 S fraction. Together the results suggest that GABAA receptor assembly occurs by similar mechanisms in both cell types, with retention in the endoplasmic reticulum featuring as a major control mechanism to prevent unassembled receptor subunits accessing the cell surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- G H Gorrie
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology and Department of Pharmacology, University College, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
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