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Thomson-Laing G, Howarth JD, Atalah J, Vandergoes MJ, Li X, Pearman JK, Fitzsimons S, Moy C, Moody A, Shepherd C, McKay N, Wood SA. Sedimentary ancient DNA reveals the impact of anthropogenic land use disturbance and ecological shifts on fish community structure in small lowland lake. Sci Total Environ 2024; 922:171266. [PMID: 38417515 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Freshwater fish biodiversity and abundance are decreasing globally. The drivers of decline are primarily anthropogenic; however, the causative links between disturbances and fish community change are complex and challenging to investigate. We used a suite of sedimentary DNA methods (droplet digital PCR and metabarcoding) and traditional paleolimnological approaches, including pollen and trace metal analysis, ITRAX X-ray fluorescence and hyperspectral core scanning to explore changes in fish abundance and drivers over 1390 years in a small lake. This period captured a disturbance trajectory from pre-human settlement through subsistence living to intensive agriculture. Generalized additive mixed models explored the relationships between catchment inputs, internal drivers, and fish community structure. Fish community composition distinctly shifted around 1350 CE, with the decline of a sensitive Galaxias species concomitant with early land use changes. Total fish abundance significantly declined around 1950 CE related to increases in ruminant bacterial DNA (a proxy for ruminant abundance) and cadmium flux (a proxy for phosphate fertilizers), implicating land use intensification as a key driver. Concurrent shifts in phytoplankton and zooplankton suggested that fish communities were likely impacted by food web dynamics. This study highlights the potential of sedDNA to elucidate the long-term disturbance impacts on biological communities in lakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Thomson-Laing
- Cawthron Institute, 98 Halifax Street, The Wood, Nelson 7010, New Zealand; School of Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington 6012, New Zealand.
| | - Jamie D Howarth
- School of Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington 6012, New Zealand
| | - Javier Atalah
- Cawthron Institute, 98 Halifax Street, The Wood, Nelson 7010, New Zealand
| | | | - Xun Li
- GNS Science, 1 Fairway Drive, Avalon, Lower Hutt 5011, New Zealand
| | - John K Pearman
- School of Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington 6012, New Zealand
| | - Sean Fitzsimons
- School of Geography, University of Otago, 360 Leith Street, North Dunedin, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Chris Moy
- Department of Geology, University of Otago, 360 Leith Street, North Dunedin, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Adelaine Moody
- School of Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington 6012, New Zealand
| | - Claire Shepherd
- GNS Science, 1 Fairway Drive, Avalon, Lower Hutt 5011, New Zealand
| | - Nicholas McKay
- School of Earth and Sustainability, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Susanna A Wood
- Cawthron Institute, 98 Halifax Street, The Wood, Nelson 7010, New Zealand
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2
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Wheeler C, Pearman JK, Howarth JD, Vandergoes MJ, Holt K, Trewick SA, Li X, Thompson L, Thomson-Laing G, Picard M, Moy C, Mckay NP, Moody A, Shepherd C, van den Bos V, Steiner K, Wood SA. A paleoecological investigation of recent cyanobacterial blooms and their drivers in two contrasting lakes. Harmful Algae 2024; 131:102563. [PMID: 38212085 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2023.102563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Cyanobacterial blooms are one of the most significant threats to global water security and freshwater biodiversity. Interactions among multiple stressors, including habitat degradation, species invasions, increased nutrient runoff, and climate change, are key drivers. However, assessing the role of anthropogenic activity on the onset of cyanobacterial blooms and exploring response variation amongst lakes of varying size and depth is usually limited by lack of historical records. In the present study we applied molecular, paleolimnological (trace metal, Itrax-µ-XRF and hyperspectral scanning, chronology), paleobotanical (pollen) and historical data to reconstruct cyanobacterial abundance and community composition and anthropogenic impacts in two dune lakes over a period of up to 1200 years. Metabarcoding and droplet digital PCR results showed very low levels of picocyanobacteria present in the lakes prior to about CE 1854 (1839-1870 CE) in the smaller shallow Lake Alice and CE 1970 (1963-1875 CE) in the larger deeper Lake Wiritoa. Hereafter bloom-forming cyanobacteria were detected and increased notably in abundance post CE 1984 (1982-1985 CE) in Lake Alice and CE 1997 (1990-2007 CE) in Lake Wiritoa. Currently, the magnitude of blooms is more pronounced in Lake Wiritoa, potentially attributable to hypoxia-induced release of phosphorus from sediment, introducing an additional source of nutrients. Generalized linear modelling was used to investigate the contribution of nutrients (proxy = bacterial functions), temperature, redox conditions (Mn:Fe), and erosion (Ti:Inc) in driving the abundance of cyanobacteria (ddPCR). In Lake Alice nutrients and erosion had a statistically significant effect, while in Lake Wiritoa nutrients and redox conditions were significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin Wheeler
- Massey University, Tennent Drive, Palmerston North 4410, Aotearoa, New Zealand
| | - John K Pearman
- Cawthron Institute, Private Bag 2 Aotearoa, Nelson 7042, New Zealand
| | - Jamie D Howarth
- School of Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600 Aotearoa, Wellington 6012, New Zealand
| | | | - Katherine Holt
- Massey University, Tennent Drive, Palmerston North 4410, Aotearoa, New Zealand
| | - Steven A Trewick
- Massey University, Tennent Drive, Palmerston North 4410, Aotearoa, New Zealand
| | - Xun Li
- School of Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600 Aotearoa, Wellington 6012, New Zealand
| | - Lucy Thompson
- Cawthron Institute, Private Bag 2 Aotearoa, Nelson 7042, New Zealand
| | | | - Mailys Picard
- Cawthron Institute, Private Bag 2 Aotearoa, Nelson 7042, New Zealand; Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå Universitet, Linnaeus väg 4-6, Umeå 907 36, Sweden
| | - Chris Moy
- Department of Geology, University of Otago, 360 Leith Street Aotearoa, North Dunedin, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Nicholas P Mckay
- School of Earth and Sustainability, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaf, AZ, United States
| | - Adelaine Moody
- School of Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600 Aotearoa, Wellington 6012, New Zealand
| | - Claire Shepherd
- GNS Science, 1 Fairway Drive Aotearoa, Avalon, Lower Hutt 5011, New Zealand
| | | | - Konstanze Steiner
- Cawthron Institute, Private Bag 2 Aotearoa, Nelson 7042, New Zealand
| | - Susanna A Wood
- Massey University, Tennent Drive, Palmerston North 4410, Aotearoa, New Zealand.
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3
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Gregersen R, Howarth JD, Wood SA, Vandergoes MJ, Puddick J, Moy C, Li X, Pearman JK, Moody A, Simon KS. Resolving 500 Years of Anthropogenic Impacts in a Mesotrophic Lake: Nutrients Outweigh Other Drivers of Lake Change. Environ Sci Technol 2022; 56:16940-16951. [PMID: 36379054 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c06835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Interactions among multiple stressors, legacies of past perturbations, and the lack of historical information make it difficult to determine the influence of individual anthropogenic impacts on lakes and separate them from natural ecosystem variability. In the present study, we coupled paleolimnological approaches, historical data, and ecological experiments to disentangle the impacts of multiple long-term stressors on lake ecosystem structure and function. We found that the lake structure and function remained resistant to the impacts of catchment deforestation and erosion, and the introduction of several exotic fish species. Changes in ecosystem structure and function were consistent, with nutrient enrichment being the primary driver of change. Significant and sustained changes in the lake diatom community structure (and their nutrient requirements), bacterial community function, and paleolimnological proxies of ecosystem function coincided with nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers in the catchment. The results highlight that the effects of increased nutrient inputs are much stronger than the influence of other, potentially significant, drivers of ecosystem change, and that the degree of nutrient impact can be underestimated by environmental monitoring due to its diffuse and accumulative nature. Delineating the effects of multiple anthropogenic drivers requires long-term records of both impacts and lake ecosystem change across multiple trophic levels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Chris Moy
- University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - Xun Li
- GNS Science, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealand
| | | | | | - Kevin S Simon
- The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
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4
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Singh N, Rai A, Maharaj A, Gladstone D, Verma S, Moody A. 525 Should We Look For High-Risk Carotid Plaques In Patients With Coronary Artery Calcium? J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcct.2022.06.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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5
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Pearman JK, Wood SA, Vandergoes MJ, Atalah J, Waters S, Adamson J, Thomson-Laing G, Thompson L, Howarth JD, Hamilton DP, Pochon X, Biessy L, Brasell KA, Dahl J, Ellison R, Fitzsimons SJ, Gard H, Gerrard T, Gregersen R, Holloway M, Li X, Kelly DJ, Martin R, McFarlane K, McKay NP, Moody A, Moy CM, Naeher S, Newnham R, Parai R, Picard M, Puddick J, Rees ABH, Reyes L, Schallenberg M, Shepherd C, Short J, Simon KS, Steiner K, Šunde C, Terezow M, Tibby J. A bacterial index to estimate lake trophic level: National scale validation. Sci Total Environ 2022; 812:152385. [PMID: 34942258 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Lakes and their catchments have been subjected to centuries to millennia of exploitation by humans. Efficient monitoring methods are required to promote proactive protection and management. Traditional monitoring is time consuming and expensive, which limits the number of lakes monitored. Lake surface sediments provide a temporally integrated representation of environmental conditions and contain high microbial biomass. Based on these attributes, we hypothesized that bacteria associated with lake trophic states could be identified and used to develop an index that would not be confounded by non-nutrient stressor gradients. Metabarcoding (16S rRNA gene) was used to assess bacterial communities present in surface sediments from 259 non-saline lakes in New Zealand encompassing a range of trophic states from alpine microtrophic lakes to lowland hypertrophic lakes. A subset of lakes (n = 96) with monitoring data was used to identify indicator amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) associated with different trophic states. A total of 10,888 indicator taxa were identified and used to develop a Sediment Bacterial Trophic Index (SBTI), which signficantly correlated (r2 = 0.842, P < 0.001) with the Trophic Lake Index. The SBTI was then derived for the remaining 163 lakes, providing new knowledge of the trophic state of these unmonitored lakes. This new, robust DNA-based tool provides a rapid and cost-effective method that will allow a greater number of lakes to be monitored and more effectively managed in New Zealand and globally. The SBTI could also be applied in a paleolimnological context to investigate changes in trophic status over centuries to millennia.
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Affiliation(s)
- John K Pearman
- Cawthron Institute, Private Bag 2, Nelson 7042, New Zealand.
| | - Susanna A Wood
- Cawthron Institute, Private Bag 2, Nelson 7042, New Zealand
| | | | - Javier Atalah
- Cawthron Institute, Private Bag 2, Nelson 7042, New Zealand
| | - Sean Waters
- Cawthron Institute, Private Bag 2, Nelson 7042, New Zealand
| | - Janet Adamson
- Cawthron Institute, Private Bag 2, Nelson 7042, New Zealand
| | | | - Lucy Thompson
- Cawthron Institute, Private Bag 2, Nelson 7042, New Zealand
| | - Jamie D Howarth
- Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington 6012, New Zealand
| | - David P Hamilton
- Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Nathan, Qld 4111, Australia
| | - Xavier Pochon
- Cawthron Institute, Private Bag 2, Nelson 7042, New Zealand; Institute of Marine Science, University of Auckland, Private Bag 349, Warkworth 0941, New Zealand
| | - Laura Biessy
- Cawthron Institute, Private Bag 2, Nelson 7042, New Zealand
| | | | - Jenny Dahl
- GNS Science, PO, Box 30-368, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealand
| | - Riki Ellison
- Waka Taurua Consulting, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealand
| | | | - Henry Gard
- GNS Science, PO, Box 30-368, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealand
| | - Tania Gerrard
- GNS Science, PO, Box 30-368, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealand
| | - Rose Gregersen
- Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington 6012, New Zealand
| | | | - Xun Li
- GNS Science, PO, Box 30-368, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealand
| | - David J Kelly
- Cawthron Institute, Private Bag 2, Nelson 7042, New Zealand
| | | | | | - Nicholas P McKay
- School of Earth and Sustainability, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, United States
| | - Adelaine Moody
- Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington 6012, New Zealand
| | - Chris M Moy
- University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | | | - Rewi Newnham
- Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington 6012, New Zealand
| | - Russleigh Parai
- Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington 6012, New Zealand
| | - Maïlys Picard
- Cawthron Institute, Private Bag 2, Nelson 7042, New Zealand
| | | | - Andrew B H Rees
- Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington 6012, New Zealand
| | - Lizette Reyes
- GNS Science, PO, Box 30-368, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealand
| | | | | | - Julia Short
- Adelaide University, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Kevin S Simon
- Auckland University, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | | | | | | | - John Tibby
- Adelaide University, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
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Bowe CM, Bean T, Loke R, Gallagher N, Rooney J, Surwald C, Dhanda J, Moody A, Bisase B, Norris P, Barrett AW, Lachanas V, Doumas S. Merkel cell carcinoma of the head and neck in the south-east of England. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2021; 59:1280-1286. [PMID: 34465487 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2021.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare and highly aggressive neuroendocrine malignancy of the skin. Its incidence is increasing with half of cases involving the head and neck. To the best of our knowledge, few large studies have been published in the UK, and to date this is the largest reported series of head and neck MCC. We retrospectively reviewed the outcomes of patients with MCC in three hospitals in the south-east of England over a 12-year period (2008-2019). Diagnosis was based on histological data following biopsy. Overall survival and disease-specific survival were calculated using Kaplan-Meier and log-rank tests. Fifty-eight patients met the inclusion criteria (24 stage I, 22 stage II, 9 stage III, and 3 unclassified). Median disease-free survival was 36 months (95% CI 0 to 77.2) and median overall survival 50 months (95% CI 29.9 to 70). Overall five-year survival was 34.4% (95% CI 17% to 52%) with two-year survival at 62% (95% CI 48% to 76%). Five-year disease-free survival was 26.7% (95% CI 17 to 52%) with two-year disease-free survival at 54% (95% CI 40% to 68%). To date, this is the largest UK based study reporting overall and disease-free survival associated with MCC of the head and neck. Half the patients presented late, and surgery was the mainstay of treatment, augmented by adjuvant radiotherapy. There is a need to better stratify patients at risk of developing metastatic disease, with the use of sentinel lymph node biopsy and positron-emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT), as immunotherapy and targeted agents are now available to treat advanced disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Bowe
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Queen Victoria Hospital Foundation Trust, East Grinstead.
| | - T Bean
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Brighton Sussex University Hospital
| | - R Loke
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Brighton Sussex University Hospital
| | - N Gallagher
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Queen Victoria Hospital Foundation Trust, East Grinstead
| | - J Rooney
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Brighton Sussex University Hospital
| | - C Surwald
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Brighton Sussex University Hospital
| | - J Dhanda
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Queen Victoria Hospital Foundation Trust, East Grinstead; Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Brighton Sussex University Hospital
| | - A Moody
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Eastbourne General Hospital
| | - B Bisase
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Queen Victoria Hospital Foundation Trust, East Grinstead
| | - P Norris
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Queen Victoria Hospital Foundation Trust, East Grinstead
| | - A W Barrett
- Department of Pathology Queen Victoria Hospital Foundation Trust, East Grinstead
| | - V Lachanas
- Department of Ear Nose Throat, University Hospital of Larissa, Greece
| | - S Doumas
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Brighton Sussex University Hospital
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7
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Moody A, Mindell J, Scholes S, Ng Fat L. The Health Survey for England in 2020, tracking children’s health for 30 years. Eur J Public Health 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckaa165.1059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Prior to their inclusion in the Health Survey for England (HSE), there was a dearth of information about children's health in England. Official data recorded use of health services and uptake of national programmes such as school vaccinations. Birth cohorts provided longitudinal data, including risk factors and non-clinical measures, but were spaced far apart due to cost. The annual HSE has been tracking child health since 1995 and the health of older adolescents (aged 16-19) since the surveys began in 1991. The survey uses a multi-stage design to deliver a nationally-representative random probability sample of the general population in private households in England. Over 110,000 children aged 0-15, and 16,000 16-19-year olds have been interviewed since 1995 and 1991 respectively. Questionnaire content has varied, but includes general health and longstanding conditions, smoking and drinking, fruit and vegetable consumption, physical activity, respiratory problems, childhood diabetes, and parental perception of strengths and difficulties. Regular measurements include infant length, height and weight, blood pressure and cotinine levels.
Results
As well as general monitoring overall and across socioeconomic groups, e.g. height, weight and obesity, HSE data have been used to infer the impact of government policies on child- and adolescent-health, e.g. changes to smoking legal age, advertising, and the smokefree law. This presentation describes in more detail the sample, measurement protocols, questionnaire, published results and research-policy case studies such as the smoking ban. Novel results using the full sample as a synthetic cohort, tracking BMI, smoking, drinking, and general health, are presented for the first time.
Conclusions
Child health monitoring, in terms of trends, inequalities and policy evaluation; is enhanced by regular surveys representative of the general population, which include both subjective and objective measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Moody
- Research Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, UCL, London, UK
| | - J Mindell
- Research Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, UCL, London, UK
| | - S Scholes
- Research Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, UCL, London, UK
| | - L Ng Fat
- Research Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, UCL, London, UK
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8
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Schindler A, Schinner R, Altaf N, Kooi M, Moody A, Poppert H, Reiser M, Auer D, Saam T. Der Einfluss von in der MRT-detektierten, eingebluteten Karotisplaques auf das erstmalige oder wiederholte Auftreten zerebrovaskulärer Ereignisse: eine Individuen-basierte Metaanalyse (Big Data). ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2017. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1600250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Schindler
- Klinikum der LMU München, Institut für klinische Radiologie, München
| | - R Schinner
- Klinikum der LMU München, Institut für klinische Radiologie, München
| | - N Altaf
- The University of Nottingham, Radiological Sciences, Nottingham
| | - M Kooi
- Maastricht University, Department of Radiology, Maastricht
| | - A Moody
- University of Toronto, Department of medical imaging, Toronto
| | - H Poppert
- TU München, Neurologische Klinik, München
| | - M Reiser
- Klinikum der LMU München, Institut für klinische Radiologie, München
| | - D Auer
- The University of Nottingham, Radiological Sciences, Nottingham
| | - T Saam
- Klinikum der LMU München, Institut für klinische Radiologie, München
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9
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Scantlebury R, Moody A, Oyebode O, Mindell J. OP19 Has the UK Healthy Start voucher scheme been associated with an increased fruit and vegetable intake amongst target families? Analysis of Health Survey for England data, 2001–2014. Br J Soc Med 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/jech-2016-208064.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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10
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Scholes S, Moody A, Alfaro T, Frenz P, Dominguez A, Sanchez-Romero L, Vecino-Ortiz A, Borges C, Margozzini P, Mindell J, Cabrera S, Barquera S, de Oliveira C. P59 Changes in the body mass index and waist circumference distribution of adults aged 25–64 years in England, Scotland, and the United States, 1998–2012. Br J Soc Med 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/jech-2016-208064.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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11
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Moody A, Cowley G, Ng Fat L. Correction. Social inequalities in prevalence of diagnosed and undiagnosed diabetes and impaired glucose regulation in participants in the Health Surveys for England series. BMJ Open 2016; 6:e010155corr1. [PMID: 27118282 PMCID: PMC4854006 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-010155corr1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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12
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Howlett DC, Skelton E, Moody A. Re: Fakhry et al., Fine needle aspiration cytology and frozen section in the diagnosis of malignant parotid tumours. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2014; 44:139-40. [PMID: 25281340 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2014.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D C Howlett
- Eastbourne District General Hospital, Eastbourne, East Sussex, UK
| | - E Skelton
- Eastbourne District General Hospital, Eastbourne, East Sussex, UK.
| | - A Moody
- Eastbourne District General Hospital, Eastbourne, East Sussex, UK
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13
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Scholes S, Moody A, Hawkins N, Mindell J. PP60 Probable Airflow Obstruction in Adults: Data from the Health Survey for England 2010. Br J Soc Med 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/jech-2013-203126.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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14
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Moody A, Scholes S, Mindell J. OP04 Airway Obstruction and All-Cause and Respiratory Mortality: Exploring the Relationship between three Definitions of Obstruction, Smoking using Healths Survey for England and Scottish Health Survey Data. Br J Soc Med 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/jech-2013-203126.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- A. M. Trainor
- Department of Geography; University of North Carolina; Chapel Hill NC USA
| | - J. R. Walters
- Department of Biological Sciences; Virginia Tech; Blacksburg VA USA
| | - D. L. Urban
- Nicholas School of the Environment; Duke University; Durham NC USA
| | - A. Moody
- Department of Geography; University of North Carolina; Chapel Hill NC USA
- Curriculum of Ecology; University of North Carolina; Chapel Hill NC USA
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16
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Lass-Flörl C, Follett S, Moody A, Denning D. Detection ofAspergillusin lung and other tissue samples using the MycAssay Aspergillus real-time PCR kit. Can J Microbiol 2011; 57:765-8. [DOI: 10.1139/w11-064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Lass-Flörl
- Division of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Innsbruck Medical University, Fritz-Pregl-Straße 3, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - S.A. Follett
- Myconostica Ltd., South Court, Sharston Road, Manchester, M22 4SN, UK
| | - A. Moody
- Myconostica Ltd., South Court, Sharston Road, Manchester, M22 4SN, UK
| | - D.W. Denning
- Myconostica Ltd., South Court, Sharston Road, Manchester, M22 4SN, UK
- National Aspergillosis Centre, University Hospital of South Manchester, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Southmoor Road, Manchester, M23 9LT, UK
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Gaynor C, Fisher R, Kerr M, Nouri F, Cobley C, Stariradeva I, Moody A, Sayers H, Walker M. Evaluation of stroke early supported discharge services. Collaborative Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care (CLAHRC), Nottinghamshire, Derbyshire and Lincolnshire, UK. Int J Integr Care 2011. [PMCID: PMC3184804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A Cochrane systematic review showed that Early Supported Discharge (ESD) following a stroke is both a safe and cost-effective alternative to continued in-patient management. Currently it is unclear whether the health and cost benefits established in the research literature still apply when ESD services are implemented in practice. Our study aims to evaluate the implementation of stroke ESD across three counties in the UK (Nottinghamshire, Derbyshire, Lincolnshire), and offers an innovative approach to facilitate the translation of stroke rehabilitation research into clinical practice. Phase one of our study was to establish the key components of a successful ESD team based on the research literature. We used a modified Delphi approach with ten ESD trialists, who contributed to the Cochrane review, to produce a consensus document. This provides core guidelines for the implementation of an evidence-based ESD service. The second ongoing phase of our study involves the evaluation of ESD services in practice. The evaluation looks at changes in patients’ functionality over time, using a range of standardised questionnaires and robust statistical analysis. Such methods can be used by ESD teams in evaluating their effectiveness. Designing an evaluation of an established ESD team has raised some important methodological issues; these include the variability in the length of hospital stay prior to referral to ESD when compared to trials in the Cochrane review, and the subsequent difficulty in defining the optimal baseline time to consent patients. The findings from our research will help inform the implementation and delivery of evidence based ESD services in the UK and abroad.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Gaynor
- Nottingham University Hospitals, NHS Trust, UK
| | - R Fisher
- Division of Rehabilitation and Ageing, Community Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, UK
| | - M Kerr
- Division of Rehabilitation and Ageing, Community Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, UK
| | - F Nouri
- Division of Rehabilitation and Ageing, Community Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, UK
| | - C Cobley
- Division of Rehabilitation and Ageing, Community Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, UK
| | - I Stariradeva
- Division of Rehabilitation and Ageing, Community Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, UK
| | - A Moody
- Division of Rehabilitation and Ageing, Community Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, UK
| | - H Sayers
- Division of Rehabilitation and Ageing, Community Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, UK
| | - M Walker
- Division of Rehabilitation and Ageing, Community Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, UK
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Cooper M, Kerr M, Fisher R, Nouri F, Cobley C, Stariradeva I, Moody A, Sayers H, Walker M. Understanding the role of the stroke physician in early supported discharge services. Collaborative Leadership in Applied Health rRsearch and Care (CLAHRC), Nottinghamshire, Derbyshire and Lincolnshire, UK. Int J Integr Care 2011. [PMCID: PMC3184827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Our recent research, using expert consensus with trialists who had contributed to the Cochrane systematic review, has helped to establish key components of effective Stroke Early Supported Discharge (ESD) services. One essential element is that the ESD multidisciplinary team should have access to specialist stroke knowledge. However, how this is organised and put into working practice is less well-defined. The current qualitative phase of our study investigates such questions about ESD team composition and roles. The stroke physician’s (SP) involvement may start with commissioning and strategic representation of the service. The SP can then be pivotal to the early identification of eligible patients, and ensuring their medical stability prior to transfer. Within the ESD multidisciplinary team, the SP role includes goal review, goal setting, and giving specialist medical guidance. By providing reassurance to the team on their choice of actions, the SP may also help avoid hospital readmission. Another key component of the SP role has been informal and formal education for the ESD team, on such issues as secondary prevention, and common medical problems post stroke. Finally, SP liaison with the acute stroke team, other hospital specialists and primary care physicians facilitates successful cross-boundary working and can aid patient adherence to secondary prevention measures. These preliminary findings and experiences suggest that the SP role is critical to effective ESD functioning, and may also offer some useful insights into how to cultivate an integrated and co-ordinated care system for stroke patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Cooper
- Sherwood Forest Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Mansfield Road, Sutton-In-Ashfield, Nottinghamshire, NG17 4JL, UK
| | - M Kerr
- Division of Rehabilitation and Ageing, Community Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, UK
| | - R Fisher
- Division of Rehabilitation and Ageing, Community Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, UK
| | - F Nouri
- Division of Rehabilitation and Ageing, Community Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, UK
| | - C Cobley
- Division of Rehabilitation and Ageing, Community Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, UK
| | - I Stariradeva
- Division of Rehabilitation and Ageing, Community Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, UK
| | - A Moody
- Division of Rehabilitation and Ageing, Community Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, UK
| | - H Sayers
- Division of Rehabilitation and Ageing, Community Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, UK
| | - M Walker
- Division of Rehabilitation and Ageing, Community Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, UK
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Fisher R, Kerr M, Nouri F, Gaynor C, Cobley C, Stariradeva I, Moody A, Sayers H, Walker M. Successful implementation of stroke early supported discharge services. Collaborative leadership in applied health research and care (CLAHRC), Nottinghamshire, Derbyshire and Lincolnshire, UK. Int J Integr Care 2011. [PMCID: PMC3184792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A Cochrane systematic review demonstrated that ESD services can reduce long-term dependency and admission to institutional care as well as reducing the length of hospital stay. No adverse impact on the mood or well-being of patients or carers was reported. This ongoing study aims to facilitate and evaluate the successful implementation of Stroke Early Supported Discharge (ESD) services across Nottinghamshire, Derbyshire and Lincolnshire, UK. This study is being conducted to ensure that the health and cost benefits are still in evidence when ESD services are implemented into local areas. We have conducted a modified Delphi technique with ESD trialists to reach expert consensus on the component parts of a successful ESD service. We have created an ESD consensus document that can be used by commissioners and service providers in implementing evidence-based ESD services. We are currently evaluating whether benefits of ESD outlined in the research literature are evident in practice. Stakeholder interviews and qualitative research techniques are being used to investigate approaches and models used to implement ESD services. We are also evaluating activities of daily living, mood and quality of life of patients who are admitted to ESD services and eligible patients who are not. Cost effectiveness data are also being captured. The findings from our research will help inform the setup and delivery of evidence-based ESD services in the UK and abroad.
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Affiliation(s)
- R.J Fisher
- Division of Rehabilitation and Ageing, Community Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, UK
| | - M Kerr
- Division of Rehabilitation and Ageing, Community Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, UK
| | - F Nouri
- Division of Rehabilitation and Ageing, Community Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, UK
| | - C Gaynor
- Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, UK
| | - C Cobley
- Division of Rehabilitation and Ageing, Community Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, UK
| | - I Stariradeva
- Division of Rehabilitation and Ageing, Community Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, UK
| | - A Moody
- Division of Rehabilitation and Ageing, Community Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, UK
| | - H Sayers
- Division of Rehabilitation and Ageing, Community Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, UK
| | - M.F Walker
- Division of Rehabilitation and Ageing, Community Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, UK
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Zytaruk N, Lamontagne F, McIntyre L, Dodek P, Vlahakis N, Lewis B, Schiff D, Moody A, Ostermann M, Padayachee S, Heels-Ansdell D, Vallance S, Davies A, Cooper JD, Cook DJ. Upper extremity thromboses in medical-surgical critically ill patients. Crit Care 2011. [PMCID: PMC3061652 DOI: 10.1186/cc9442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Baxter C, Jones A, Webb K, Moody A, Follett S, Denning D. Role of real time PCR and specific IgG in identifying patients with Aspergillus colonisation. J Cyst Fibros 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(10)60135-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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22
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Saha S, Woodhouse N, Gok G, Ramesar K, Moody A, Howlett D. 71 Ultrasound guided core biopsy fine needle aspiration cytology and surgical excision biopsy in the diagnosis of metastatic squamous cell carcinoma in the head and neck: an eleven year experience. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s0266-4356(10)60072-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Tan K, Zhan J, Chiu S, Pasian S, Goyal K, Leung G, Moody A. Abstract No. 337: MRI molecular imaging of VCAM-1. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2009.12.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Scarisbrick JJ, Chiodini PL, Watson J, Moody A, Armstrong M, Lockwood D, Bryceson A, Vega-López F. Clinical features and diagnosis of 42 travellers with cutaneous leishmaniasis. Travel Med Infect Dis 2006; 4:14-21. [PMID: 16887720 DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2004.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2004] [Accepted: 10/13/2004] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leishmania species that occur within different geographical areas may cause different clinical manifestations, virulence and drug sensitivity. Patients/Methods. All patients with a clinical diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis seen at the Hospital for Tropical Diseases from 1997 to 2000 were identified and clinical details recorded onto a database, with emphasis on clinical presentation, risk factors, travel history and laboratory diagnosis. RESULTS Forty-two patients were identified, 23 of whom had travelled to New World and 19 to Old World countries. Clinical presentation typically consisted of a single nodule with ulceration. In 50% infection was caused by L. (Viannia) braziliensis. PCR was performed in specimens from 34 patients and species identification was possible in 32 cases (sensitivity 94%), the two PCR negative patients had amastigotes demonstrated by histology and culture. Patients were treated with established therapies. Seventy one percent were cured by treatment, 12% had a spontaneous cure, 7% were lost to follow-up and the remaining 10% required a second-line therapy. No relapses were reported during a mean follow-up period of 27 months. CONCLUSIONS Our study highlights the need for comprehensive investigations and the advantages of PCR in the diagnosis of patients with suspected leishmaniasis in non-endemic regions of the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Scarisbrick
- Department of Dermatology, Middlesex Hospital, Mortimer Street, London W1N 8AA, UK.
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Altaf N, Daniels L, Morgan PS, Lowe J, Gladman J, MacSweeney ST, Moody A, Auer DP. Cerebral white matter hyperintense lesions are associated with unstable carotid plaques. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2005; 31:8-13. [PMID: 16226900 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2005.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2005] [Accepted: 08/14/2005] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to determine whether unstable carotid plaques, a known risk factor for cerebral emboli, are associated with cerebral white matter lesions. METHODS Seventy-one symptomatic patients undergoing magnetic resonance imaging prior to carotid endarterectomy for high grade carotid stenosis were included in this study. The number and volume of white matter hyperintense lesions (WMHL) on fluid attenuated inversion recovery brain scans were compared according to the morphology of carotid plaque based upon the American Heart Association (AHA) histological classification. RESULTS Of the 57 patients who had good quality brain scans and non-fragmented carotid plaques, 15 plaques were defined as stable (type V) and 42 as unstable (type VI). After adjustment for the major risk factors affecting WMHL, unstable carotid plaques were found to be associated with more WMHL in the ipsilateral cerebral hemisphere than stable plaques (transformed means 2.50+/-1.2 vs. 1.53+/-1.1, p=0.016), however, there was only a trend towards larger WMHL volumes (p=0.079). CONCLUSIONS The observed association between unstable carotid plaques and the number of white matter lesions suggest that thromboembolic plaque activity may contribute to the development of leukoaraiosis, in particular smaller individual lesions. Larger studies are warranted to confirm this finding and explore the potential clinical impact for selecting candidates for carotid endarterectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Altaf
- Department of Academic Radiology, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK.
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Abstract
Background and Purpose—
We prospectively evaluated the prevalence and clinical risk factors for venous thromboembolism (VTE) after acute ischemic stroke using magnetic resonance direct thrombus imaging, a highly accurate noninvasive technique that directly visualizes thrombus.
Method—102 unselected patients with AIS receiving standard prophylaxis with aspirin and graded compression stockings (GCS) were sequentially recruited, underwent regular clinical assessments, and were screened for VTE.
Results—
The prevalence of all VTE, proximal deep vein thrombosis (PDVT), and pulmonary embolism (PE) after 21 days were 40%, 18%, and 12%, increasing to 63%, 30%, and 20% in patients with Barthel indices (BI) of ≤9 2 days after stroke (BI-2≤9). Clinical deep vein thrombosis and PE occurred in 3% and 5% overall; half these events were overlooked by the attending team. The true incidence of clinical events is probably higher because the natural history of subclinical PDVT was modified by screening and anticoagulation. BI-2≤9 or nonambulatory status 2 days after stroke were the clinical factors most strongly associated with subsequent VTE on univariate analysis. Odds ratios for any VTE and PDVT for BI-2≤9 versus >9 were 8.3 (95% CI, 2.7 to 25.2) and 8.1 (95% CI, 1.7 to 38.3) on multivariable analysis.
Conclusion—
BI ≤9 or nonambulatory status around the time of admission identifies a subgroup of acute ischemic stroke patients at very high risk for VTE in whom the current strategy of thromboprophylaxis may be inadequate. Future thromboprophylactic studies should focus on the patients at high risk defined in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kelly
- Department of Elderly Care, Guy's & St. Thomas' Hospital Trust, London, UK.
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Kelly J, Rudd A, Lewis RR, Coshall C, Parmar K, Moody A, Hunt BJ. Screening for proximal deep vein thrombosis after acute ischemic stroke: a prospective study using clinical factors and plasma D-dimers. J Thromb Haemost 2004; 2:1321-6. [PMID: 15704260 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2004.00843.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) remains common in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) receiving aspirin and graded compression stockings (considered standard thromboprophylaxis in the UK), most events occurring in patients with Barthel indices (BI) of <9 ('severe stroke') around the time of admission. In the absence of data indicating improved clinical outcomes with use of low-dose anticoagulant thromboprophylaxis, we evaluated the hypothesis that plasma D-dimers (D-d) might be a valuable initial screening test for proximal DVT (PDVT), facilitating selective use of imaging. One hundred and two unselected AIS-patients receiving aspirin/graded compression stockings thromboprophylaxis were screened for DVT using magnetic resonance direct thrombus imaging, a highly accurate non-invasive technique which directly visualizes thrombus. D-d (VIDAS and IL test D-d assays) were measured on recruitment and at weekly intervals. Median D-d were significantly higher throughout the study in patients with severe stroke who developed PDVT vs. those with severe stroke not developing PDVT, differences being most marked around day 9. Depending on the discriminatory threshold used, a single D-d measurement at this time in patients with severe-AIS allowed identification of a subgroup with ~50% prevalence of PDVT. Sensitivity of these strategies for PDVT was 67-83%, at a cost of imaging 22-30% of the entire cohort of patients. A single measurement of BI around the time of admission and D-d level at day 9 in AIS-patients receiving aspirin/graded compression stockings thromboprophylaxis allows identification of a subgroup containing a substantial proportion of all PDVTs who could be selectively imaged.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kelly
- Department of Elderly Care, Guy's & St. Thomas' Hospital Trust; Lambeth, London, UK.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Although it is widely assumed that dehydration predisposes to venous thromboembolism (VTE), there are no clinical studies to support this. AIM To evaluate the relationship between biochemical indices of dehydration and VTE after acute ischaemic stroke (AIS). DESIGN Prospective observational study. METHODS Unselected AIS patients (n = 102) receiving standard thromboprophylaxis with aspirin and graded compression stockings, underwent serial measurements of serum urea, creatinine and osmolality, and were screened for VTE using magnetic resonance direct thrombus imaging. RESULTS Serum osmolality of >297 mOsm/kg, urea >7.5 mmol/l and urea:creatinine ratio (mmol:mmol) >80 a few days post-AIS were associated with odds ratios for VTE of, respectively, 4.7, 2.8 and 3.4 (p = 0.02, 0.05, 0.02) on multivariable analysis. DISCUSSION Dehydration after AIS is strongly independently associated with VTE, reinforcing the importance of maintaining adequate hydration in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kelly
- Department of Elderly Care, Haematology and Chemical Pathology, Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospital Trust, London, UK.
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Kettelhut MM, Chiodini PL, Edwards H, Moody A. External quality assessment schemes raise standards: evidence from the UKNEQAS parasitology subschemes. J Clin Pathol 2004; 56:927-32. [PMID: 14645352 PMCID: PMC1770125 DOI: 10.1136/jcp.56.12.927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The burden of parasitic disease imported into the temperate zone is increasing, and in the tropics remains very high. Thus, high quality diagnostic parasitology services are needed, but to implement clinical governance a measure of quality of service is required. AIM To examine performance in the United Kingdom National External Quality Assessment Scheme for Parasitology for evidence of improved standards in parasite diagnosis in clinical specimens. METHODS Analysis of performance was made for the period 1986 to 2001, to look for trends in performance scores. RESULTS An overall rise in performance in faecal and blood parasitology schemes was found from 1986 to 2001. This was seen particularly in the identification of ova, cysts, and larvae in the faecal scheme, the detection of Plasmodium ovale and Plasmodium vivax in the blood scheme, and also in the correct identification of non-malarial blood parasites. Despite this improvement, there are still problems. In the faecal scheme, participants still experience difficulty in recognising small protozoan cysts, differentiating vegetable matter from cysts, and detecting ova and cysts when more than one species is present. In the blood scheme, participants have problems in identifying mixed malarial infections, distinguishing between P ovale and P vivax, and estimating the percentage parasitaemia. The reasons underlying these problems have been identified via the educational part of the scheme, and have been dealt with by distributing teaching sheets and undertaking practical sessions. CONCLUSIONS UK NEQAS for Parasitology has helped to raise the standard of diagnostic parasitology in the UK.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Kettelhut
- UKNEQAS Parasitology, Department of Clinical Parasitology, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Mortimer Market, Capper Street, London WC1E 6AU, UK
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Moody A, Muers M, Forman D. Delays in managing lung cancer. Thorax 2004; 59:1-3. [PMID: 14694232 PMCID: PMC1758853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
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Fisher SA, Moody A, Mirza MM, Cuthbert AP, Hampe J, Macpherson A, Sanderson J, Forbes A, Mansfield J, Schreiber S, Lewis CM, Mathew CG. Genetic variation at the chromosome 16 chemokine gene cluster: development of a strategy for association studies in complex disease. Ann Hum Genet 2003; 67:377-90. [PMID: 12940913 DOI: 10.1046/j.1469-1809.2003.00040.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The chemokine gene cluster [CCL22, CX3CL1, CCL17] (previously known as [SCYA22, SCYD1, SCYA17]) is a candidate locus for one of the susceptibility genes for inflammatory bowel disease that are located in the peri-centromeric region of chromosome 16. Screening for sequence variation at this locus led to the detection of 14 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). An efficient experimental and computational approach was developed to estimate allele frequencies and pairwise linkage disequilibrium relationships between SNPs at this locus, and to test them for association with inflammatory bowel disease. The 12 common SNPs were assigned to 5 distinct linkage disequilibrium groups. Genotyping of one SNP from each linkage disequilibrium group in a large cohort of families with inflammatory bowel disease did not provide convincing evidence of association with either Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis. We describe an efficient experimental design from SNP screening to association testing. This strategy can be used to test candidate genes for involvement in susceptibility to complex disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Fisher
- Division of Genetics and Development, Guy's, King's and St Thomas' School of Medicine, London, UK.
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King K, Moody A, Fisher SA, Mirza MM, Cuthbert AP, Hampe J, Sutherland-Craggs A, Sanderson J, MacPherson AJ, Forbes A, Mansfield J, Schreiber S, Lewis CM, Mathew CG. Genetic variation in the IGSF6 gene and lack of association with inflammatory bowel disease. Eur J Immunogenet 2003; 30:187-90. [PMID: 12786995 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2370.2003.00387.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The immunoglobulin superfamily 6 gene (IGSF6) on chromosome 16p11-p12 has been investigated as a positional and functional candidate for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) susceptibility. Screening of the six exons of IGSF6 for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) detected four novel SNPs, and validated three of six SNPs listed in the international SNP database (dbSNP). The seven SNPs in IGSF6 formed five distinct linkage disequilibrium groups. There was no evidence for association of the common SNPs with disease in a large cohort of patients with IBD. The novel SNPs and the linkage disequilibrium map will be a useful resource for the analysis of IGSF6 in other immune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- K King
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Division of Genetics & Development, Guy's, King's & St. Thomas' School of Medicine, King's College London, 8th Floor Guy's Tower, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kelly
- Department of Haematology, North Wing (4th Floor), St Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK.
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Lindahl AJ, Allder S, Jefferson D, Allder S, Moody A, Martel A. Prolonged hemiplegic migraine associated with unilateral hyperperfusion on perfusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2002; 73:202-3. [PMID: 12122185 PMCID: PMC1737998 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.73.2.202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Kelly J, Rudd A, Hunt BJ, Moody A, Lewis RR. Early anticoagulation in acute ischaemic stroke. Lancet 2002; 359:523-4. [PMID: 11853821 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(02)07641-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Kelly J, Hunt BJ, Moody A. Demonstration of left iliofemoral deep vein thrombosis by magnetic resonance direct thrombus imaging. Br J Haematol 2002; 116:242. [PMID: 11841423 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2141.2002.03211.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J Kelly
- Department of Elderly Care, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, UK.
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Abstract
For desirable environmental reasons, peroxides have replaced halogenated substances for disinfection purposes in the food and beverage industry. However, cost issues and the requirement to remove these agents completely after disinfection necessitate simple, low-cost and sensitive test methods with a wide dynamic range and on-line capability. The development and performance of such a method is detailed here. Low-cost peroxide sensors were fabricated using a single deposition procedure, in which horseradish peroxidase enzyme and dimethylferrocene mediator were entrapped within a cellulose acetate membrane, over the working electrode area of a screen-printed three-electrode assembly. Optimum performance was obtained using HRP and DMFc loadings of 25 U and 0.03 micromol per electrode, respectively, and a mean cellulose acetate molecular weight of 37,000. The device had a detection limit of 49.5 microM hydrogen peroxide and mean RSD values of 21% across the concentration range 49.5-368 microM. In laboratory studies the sensor was shown to have a stability of > or = 4 d in continuous flow-mode maintaining an accuracy of +/- 16% that was considered acceptable for the intended on-line monitoring of the disinfection process. In a field study, it was successfully used on-line within a flow-cell to measure peroxide levels during disinfection of an industrial fermentation vessel.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Moody
- Cranfield Centre for Analytical Science, Cranfield University at Silsoe, Bedfordshire, UK
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Milivojevic-Poleksic L, Wells AU, Moody A, Fergusson W, Tukuitonga C, Kolbe J. Spirometric lung volumes in the adult Pacific Islander population: comparison with predicted values in a European population. Respirology 2001; 6:247-53. [PMID: 11555384 DOI: 10.1046/j.1440-1843.2001.00338.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Prediction equations for spirometric lung volumes have been developed mainly in Europe and North America and may not be relevant to Pacific Islanders. This study was undertaken to determine whether currently available prediction equations adequately describe spirometric lung volumes in the asymptomatic adult Pacific Islander population. METHODOLOGY Healthy asymptomatic Pacific Island adults aged 15-70 years were recruited. Pulmonary function was measured in the laboratory at Green Lane Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand, in accordance with American Thoracic Society standards. Measured results were compared with predicted values derived from four sets of prediction equations relevant to, or currently used in, New Zealand. RESULTS A total of 101 volunteers took part in the study; mean age 28 years (range 18-66 years), 39% male, body mass index = 32 (range 22-54). For forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC), when measured values were compared with reference values, the slopes of the regression lines were not significantly different from 1 and the intercepts were not significantly different from zero. Prediction equations derived for African-Americans did not provide a better fit than the prediction equations for Caucasians. Predictions were improved when ideal rather than actual bodyweight was used. CONCLUSION Respiratory parameters (FEV1 and FVC) in healthy asymptomatic adult Pacific Islanders in New Zealand are adequately described by currently available prediction equations and no adjustment for ethnicity is required.
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Abstract
Between 1997 and 1999, more than 300 patients have been treated using negative pressure wound dressings. The technique has been used successfully to prepare various acute, chronic or infected wounds to accept a skin graft or flap, and to promote graft take at difficult donor sites. The advantages include rapid healing by secondary intention, reduced time to skin grafting, an increase in the rate of graft take and a reduction in donor site complications. The dressing can be applied quickly and easily and there have been no serious complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Avery
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, The Queen Victoria Hospital, East Grinstead, UK
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Avery C, Pereira J, Moody A, Gargiulo M, Whitworth I. Negative pressure wound dressing of the radial forearm donor site. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2000; 29:198-200. [PMID: 10970082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Donor site complications of the radial forearm are a significant cause of post-operative morbidity. 15 patients had radial forearm free tissue donor sites treated with split skin grafts and a negative pressure dressing. All grafts showed 100% take at 5 days. The advantages of this technique include rapid healing at an unfavourable graft recipient site, increased graft take and decreased donor site complications. This method is ideally suited for the management of large defects. The dressing can be quickly and easily applied and there have been no significant complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Avery
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, The Queen Victoria Hospital, East Grinstead, UK
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Moody A, Hunt-Cooke A, Gabbett E, Chiodini P. Performance of the OptiMAL malaria antigen capture dipstick for malaria diagnosis and treatment monitoring at the Hospital for Tropical Diseases, London. Br J Haematol 2000; 109:891-4. [PMID: 10929047 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2141.2000.01974.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We report here the sensitivity and specificity of OptiMAL for the diagnosis of acute malaria in patients presenting to the Hospital for Tropical Diseases (HTD), a tertiary referral centre for Tropical and Infectious diseases. A sensitivity of 95.3% and a specificity of 100% for Plasmodium falciparum and a sensitivity of 96% and a specificity of 100% for Plasmodium vivax was obtained. The ability to follow the course of the parasitaemia using OptiMAL during treatment and its significance for use in areas where expert microscopy is not available is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Moody
- Department of Clinical Parasitology, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, London, UK
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Moody A, Fergusson W, Wells A, Bartley J, Kolbe J. Increased nitric oxide production in the respiratory tract in asymptomatic pacific islanders: an association with skin prick reactivity to house dust mite. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2000; 105:895-9. [PMID: 10808168 DOI: 10.1067/mai.2000.105318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exhaled nitric oxide (NO) is increased in asthma and may also be increased in subclinical airway inflammation. The relationship between atopy and subclinical airway inflammation in the pathogenesis of asthma remains unclear. We have evaluated the relationship between exhaled NO levels and skin prick test reactivity to 8 common allergens in 64 asymptomatic adult Pacific Islanders. Pacific Islanders were studied as a racial group with major morbidity from asthma. OBJECTIVE Our purpose was to determine whether asymptomatic subjects with skin prick test reactivity to common allergens have elevated NO levels. METHODS All subjects underwent full lung function testing and skin prick testing. Exhaled and nasal NO levels were measured by chemiluminescence (Logan LR2000 analyzer) with use of the single-breath and breath-holding techniques, respectively. RESULTS House dust mite (HDM) reactivity was seen in 38 of 64 (56%). Exhaled NO levels (median 8.9 ppb, range 2.9-47.3 ppb) and nasal NO levels (527.5 +/- 181.5 ppb) lay above the normal European range in 30% and 25% of subjects, respectively. HDM reactivity was associated with higher exhaled NO levels (P <. 0005) and higher nasal NO levels (P =.01). In HDM-sensitive subjects the wheal size for HDM correlated with exhaled NO levels (r = 0.35, P =.04) and nasal NO levels (r = 0.40, P =.01). On multivariate analysis, exhaled NO levels were independently and positively related to the severity of HDM reactivity (P =.01) and nasal NO levels (P <.02), equation R(2) = 0.27. CONCLUSION NO levels are elevated in a significant proportion of asymptomatic Pacific Islanders and are associated with HDM sensitivity. This may denote subclinical airway inflammation in this population and suggests that exposure to HDM in atopic individuals might play an important role in the early pathogenesis of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Moody
- Respiratory Services and the Department of Otolaryngology, Green Lane Hospital, the Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Auckland, New Zealand
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Abstract
A quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) protocol for assessing infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) RNA levels in blood was developed using the ABI PRISM 7700 Sequence Detection System coupled with TaqMan chemistry. To control for variations in sampling and processing between samples 28S rRNA was co-amplified in a multiplex reaction and used to quantify total RNA. Relative quantification and standardisation was achieved using a log10 dilution series of RNA extracted from IBDV stock. A linear relationship was observed between input RNA and cycle threshold values (C(T)) over 5 log10 dilutions for the IBDV-specific product and 6 log10 dilutions for the 28S rRNA-specific product. As a test of the assay it was used to determine whether differences in susceptibility to IBDV observed between inbred lines of chickens could be detected at the level of viral load in the blood. Viral RNA levels peaked 2 days post-infection when there was significantly less viral RNA in the blood of resistant line 6(1) chickens compared with the more susceptible Brown Leghorns (P = 0.01). These results demonstrate that the course of IBDV infection can be monitored by quantifying IBDV RNA extracted from blood of infected chickens using TaqMan technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Moody
- Institute for Animal Health, Berkshire, UK
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Moody A, Diggle PK, Steingraeber DA. Developmental analysis of the evolutionary origin of vegetative propagules in Mimulus gemmiparus (Scrophulariaceae). Am J Bot 1999; 86:1512-1522. [PMID: 10562243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Mimulus gemmiparus (Scrophulariaceae), a rare endemic of Colorado, has a novel life history that depends on an unusual method of vegetative reproduction. The plants are functionally annuals; however, reproduction is asexual via propagules that have been termed gemmae. The morphological identity and the evolutionary antecedent of these propagules are unclear. We approached this problem through comparative developmental analyses of M. gemmiparus and the presumed progenitor species, Mimulus guttatus. In M. gemmiparus there are two meristems initiated in the axil of each leaf primordium. The distal meristem has the potential to produce either a lateral branch or a flower, and the proximal meristem becomes a vegetative propagule (the gemma) that is ultimately surrounded by an expanded, ensheathing petiole. The first leaves of the propagules are thickened and are the site of nutrient storage. Consequently, these propagules can be characterized morphologically as brood bulbils. Mimulus guttatus also has two meristems in each leaf axil; however, the proximal meristem typically remains dormant and serves no function in the life history of this species. Based on architectural and developmental correspondence, we hypothesize that the propagule of M. gemmiparus is homologous to the proximal meristem of M. guttatus. Comparative analysis shows that evolution of the bulbil has involved both the incorporation of features present in shoots of M. guttatus and the acquisition of novel features.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Moody
- Department of Environmental Population and Organismic Biology, University of Colorado,Boulder, Colorado 80309-0334, and
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Bartley J, Fergusson W, Moody A, Wells AU, Kolbe J. Normal adult values, diurnal variation, and repeatability of nasal nitric oxide measurement. Am J Rhinol 1999; 13:401-5. [PMID: 10582119 DOI: 10.2500/105065899781367528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Reports of elevated nasal nitric oxide (NO) levels in allergic rhinitis suggest that nasal NO levels could be a valuable marker of upper airway inflammation, provided that the reproducibility of nasal NO measurement is acceptable. The aims of this study were to evaluate the precision with which nasal NO levels can be measured at single point in time, and to quantify within-day and between-day variation. Nasal NO was measured using a modified chemiluminescence analyzer. Population data were normally distributed, as judged by testing for skewness and kurtosis. NO levels were not related to age or gender, and there was no evidence of diurnal variation. Sampling rates of 250 mL/minute and 500 mL/minute at a single point in time had acceptable reproducibility (coefficients of variation 10.2% and 6.6%, respectively). However, within-day variation (coefficient of variation 13.4%) and between-day variation (coefficient of variation 11.8%), at a sampling rate of 500 L/minute, were substantially higher. These findings highlight the importance of taking measurement variation into account, in the interpretation of NO levels, in clinical research and, potentially, in routine practice. In individual patients, an alteration of 20-25% in NO levels is required, to ensure that change is genuine and not ascribable to the noise of measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Bartley
- Department of Otolaryngology, Green Lane Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
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Katz DB, Simon SA, Moody A, Nicolelis MA. Simultaneous reorganization in thalamocortical ensembles evolves over several hours after perioral capsaicin injections. J Neurophysiol 1999; 82:963-77. [PMID: 10444691 DOI: 10.1152/jn.1999.82.2.963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Reorganization of the somatosensory system was quantified by simultaneously recording from single-unit neural ensembles in the whisker regions of the ventral posterior medial (VPM) nucleus of the thalamus and the primary somatosensory (SI) cortex in anesthetized rats before, during, and after injecting capsaicin under the skin of the lip. Capsaicin, a compound that excites and then inactivates a subset of peripheral C and Adelta fibers, triggered increases in spontaneous firing of thalamocortical neurons (10-15 min after injection), as well as rapid reorganization of the whisker representations in both the VPM and SI. During the first hour after capsaicin injection, 57% of the 139 recorded neurons either gained or lost at least one whisker response in their receptive fields (RFs). Capsaicin-related changes continued to emerge for >/=6 h after the injection: Fifty percent of the single-neuron RFs changed between 1-2 and 5-6 h after capsaicin injection. Most (79%) of these late changes represented neural responses that had remained unchanged in the first postcapsaicin mapping; just under 20% of these late changes appeared in neurons that had previously shown no plasticity of response. The majority of the changes (55% immediately after injection, 66% 6 h later) involved "unmasking" of new tactile responses. RF change rates were comparable in SI and VPM (57-49%). Population analysis indicated that the reorganization was associated with a lessening of the "spatial coupling" between cortical neurons-a significant reduction in firing covariance that could be related to distances between neurons. This general loss of spatial coupling, in conjunction with increases in spontaneous firing, may create a situation that is favorable for the induction of synaptic plasticity. Our results indicate that the selective inactivation of a peripheral nociceptor subpopulation can induce rapid and long-evolving (>/=6 h) shifts in the balance of inhibition and excitation in the somatosensory system. The time course of these processes suggest that thalamic and cortical plasticity is not a linear reflection of spinal and brainstem changes that occur following the application of capsaicin.
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Affiliation(s)
- D B Katz
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
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