1
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Ashagre A, Belete B, Molla A. Seroprevalence of hepatitis B and hepatitis C viruses among diabetes mellitus patients attending at University of Gondar Hospital. Clin Chim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2019.03.589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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2
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Perotti V, Baldassari P, Molla A, Vegetti C, Bersani I, Maurichi A, Santinami M, Anichini A, Mortarini R. Correction to: NFATc2 is an intrinsic regulator of melanoma dedifferentiation. Oncogene 2019; 38:3763-3764. [PMID: 30692631 PMCID: PMC8075923 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-0679-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V Perotti
- Human Tumors Immunobiology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - P Baldassari
- Human Tumors Immunobiology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - A Molla
- Human Tumors Immunobiology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - C Vegetti
- Human Tumors Immunobiology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - I Bersani
- Human Tumors Immunobiology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - A Maurichi
- Melanoma and Sarcoma Unit, Department of Surgery, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - M Santinami
- Melanoma and Sarcoma Unit, Department of Surgery, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - A Anichini
- Human Tumors Immunobiology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - R Mortarini
- Human Tumors Immunobiology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy.
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3
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Randolph JT, Krueger AC, Donner PL, Pratt JK, Liu D, Motter CE, Rockway TW, Tufano MD, Wagner R, Lim HB, Beyer JM, Mondal R, Panchal NS, Colletti L, Liu Y, Koev G, Kati WM, Hernandez LE, Beno DWA, Longenecker KL, Stewart KD, Dumas EO, Molla A, Maring CJ. Synthesis and Biological Characterization of Aryl Uracil Inhibitors of Hepatitis C Virus NS5B Polymerase: Discovery of ABT-072, a trans-Stilbene Analog with Good Oral Bioavailability. J Med Chem 2018; 61:1153-1163. [PMID: 29342358 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
ABT-072 is a non-nucleoside HCV NS5B polymerase inhibitor that was discovered as part of a program to identify new direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) for the treatment of HCV infection. This compound was identified during a medicinal chemistry effort to improve on an original lead, inhibitor 1, which we described in a previous publication. Replacement of the amide linkage in 1 with a trans-olefin resulted in improved compound permeability and solubility and provided much better pharmacokinetic properties in preclinical species. Replacement of the dihydrouracil in 1 with an N-linked uracil provided better potency in the genotype 1 replicon assay. Results from phase 1 clinical studies supported once-daily oral dosing with ABT-072 in HCV infected patients. A phase 2 clinical study that combined ABT-072 with the HCV protease inhibitor ABT-450 provided a sustained virologic response at 24 weeks after dosing (SVR24) in 10 of 11 patients who received treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- John T Randolph
- Research and Development, AbbVie Inc. , North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - A Chris Krueger
- Research and Development, AbbVie Inc. , North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Pamela L Donner
- Research and Development, AbbVie Inc. , North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - John K Pratt
- Research and Development, AbbVie Inc. , North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Dachun Liu
- Research and Development, AbbVie Inc. , North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Christopher E Motter
- Research and Development, AbbVie Inc. , North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Todd W Rockway
- Research and Development, AbbVie Inc. , North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Michael D Tufano
- Research and Development, AbbVie Inc. , North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Rolf Wagner
- Research and Development, AbbVie Inc. , North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Hock B Lim
- Research and Development, AbbVie Inc. , North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Jill M Beyer
- Research and Development, AbbVie Inc. , North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Rubina Mondal
- Research and Development, AbbVie Inc. , North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Neeta S Panchal
- Research and Development, AbbVie Inc. , North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Lynn Colletti
- Research and Development, AbbVie Inc. , North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Yaya Liu
- Research and Development, AbbVie Inc. , North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Gennadiy Koev
- Research and Development, AbbVie Inc. , North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Warren M Kati
- Research and Development, AbbVie Inc. , North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Lisa E Hernandez
- Research and Development, AbbVie Inc. , North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - David W A Beno
- Research and Development, AbbVie Inc. , North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Kenton L Longenecker
- Research and Development, AbbVie Inc. , North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Kent D Stewart
- Research and Development, AbbVie Inc. , North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Emily O Dumas
- Research and Development, AbbVie Inc. , North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Akhteruzzaman Molla
- Research and Development, AbbVie Inc. , North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Clarence J Maring
- Research and Development, AbbVie Inc. , North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
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4
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Perotti V, Baldassari P, Molla A, Vegetti C, Bersani I, Maurichi A, Santinami M, Anichini A, Mortarini R. NFATc2 is an intrinsic regulator of melanoma dedifferentiation. Oncogene 2015; 35:2862-72. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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5
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DeGoey DA, Betebenner DA, Grampovnik DJ, Liu D, Pratt JK, Tufano MD, He W, Krishnan P, Pilot-Matias TJ, Marsh KC, Molla A, Kempf DJ, Maring CJ. Discovery of pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-based inhibitors of HCV NS5A. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:3627-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Revised: 03/29/2013] [Accepted: 04/01/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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6
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Krueger AC, Randolph JT, DeGoey DA, Donner PL, Flentge CA, Hutchinson DK, Liu D, Motter CE, Rockway TW, Wagner R, Beno DWA, Koev G, Lim HB, Beyer JM, Mondal R, Liu Y, Kati WM, Longenecker KL, Molla A, Stewart KD, Maring CJ. Aryl uracil inhibitors of hepatitis C virus NS5B polymerase: synthesis and characterization of analogs with a fused 5,6-bicyclic ring motif. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:3487-90. [PMID: 23664214 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.04.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2013] [Revised: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and structure-activity relationships of a novel aryl uracil series which contains a fused 5,6-bicyclic ring unit for HCV NS5B inhibition is described. Several analogs display replicon cell culture potencies in the low nanomolar range along with excellent rat pharmacokinetic values.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Chris Krueger
- AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA.
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7
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Liu Y, Lim BH, Jiang WW, Flentge CA, Hutchinson DK, Madigan DL, Randolph JT, Wagner R, Maring CJ, Kati WM, Molla A. Identification of aryl dihydrouracil derivatives as palm initiation site inhibitors of HCV NS5B polymerase. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:3747-50. [PMID: 22542020 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2012] [Revised: 03/26/2012] [Accepted: 04/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Aryl dihydrouracil derivatives were identified from high throughput screening as potent inhibitors of HCV NS5B polymerase. The aryl dihydrouracil derivatives were shown to be non-competitive with respect to template RNA and elongation nucleotide substrates. They demonstrated genotype 1 specific activity towards HCV NS5B polymerases. Structure activity relationships and genotype specific activities of aryl dihydrouracil derivatives suggested that they bind to the palm initiation nucleotide pocket, a hypothesis which was confirmed by studies with polymerases containing mutations in various inhibitor binding sites. Therefore, aryl dihydrouracil derivatives represent a novel class of palm initiation site inhibitors of HCV NS5B polymerase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaya Liu
- Antiviral Research, Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, IL 60064, USA.
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8
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Chris Krueger A, Madigan DL, Beno DW, Betebenner DA, Carrick R, Green BE, He W, Liu D, Maring CJ, McDaniel KF, Mo H, Molla A, Motter CE, Pilot-Matias TJ, Tufano MD, Kempf DJ. Novel Hepatitis C virus replicon inhibitors: Synthesis and structure–activity relationships of fused pyrimidine derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:2212-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.01.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2011] [Revised: 01/24/2012] [Accepted: 01/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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9
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Magiorkinis E, Paraskevis D, Detsika MG, Lu L, Magiorkinis G, Lazanas M, Imbrechts S, Van Laethem K, Vandamme AM, Pilot-Matias T, Molla A, Camacho RJ, Hatzakis A. Appearance of a single amino acid insertion at position 33 in HIV type 1 protease under a lopinavir-containing regimen, associated with reduced protease inhibitor susceptibility. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2011; 27:1223-9. [PMID: 21417947 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2010.0275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV drug resistance is a multifactorial phenomenon and constitutes a major concern as it results in therapy failure. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of an amino acid insertion identified at position 33 of the protease gene, derived from samples from three patients under lopinavir therapy, on viral fitness and protease inhibitor (PI) resistance. Successive samples were available from one of the patients for genotypic and phenotypic testing in order to investigate the role of this insertion. The patient had been pretreated with various antiretroviral drugs and showed poor virological response from the point of the acquisition of the mutation onward. The insertion was acquired in the context of a number of other PI mutations and was stable following acquisition. Phenotypic testing revealed reduced susceptibility to various PIs and a reduction of the replicative capacity (RC) of the virus. In the presence of the insertion alone, a decrease of the RC was observed, which seemed to be compensated by the presence of other mutations. The L33ins might have a potential role in PI resistance pathways but further investigation in a larger number of clinical samples is required in order to elucidate this resistance mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanouil Magiorkinis
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Paraskevis
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria G. Detsika
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Liangjun Lu
- Antiviral Research, Abbott Global Pharmaceutical R&D, Abbott Park, Illinois
| | - Gkikas Magiorkinis
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Stijn Imbrechts
- Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kristel Van Laethem
- Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anne-Mieke Vandamme
- Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tami Pilot-Matias
- Antiviral Research, Abbott Global Pharmaceutical R&D, Abbott Park, Illinois
| | | | - Ricardo J. Camacho
- Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Angelos Hatzakis
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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10
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Degoey DA, Grampovnik DJ, Chen HJ, Flosi WJ, Klein LL, Dekhtyar T, Stoll V, Mamo M, Molla A, Kempf DJ. P1-substituted symmetry-based human immunodeficiency virus protease inhibitors with potent antiviral activity against drug-resistant viruses. J Med Chem 2011; 54:7094-104. [PMID: 21899332 DOI: 10.1021/jm201109t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Because there is currently no cure for HIV infection, patients must remain on long-term drug therapy, leading to concerns over potential drug side effects and the emergence of drug resistance. For this reason, new and safe antiretroviral agents with improved potency against drug-resistant strains of HIV are needed. A series of HIV protease inhibitors (PIs) with potent activity against both wild-type (WT) virus and drug-resistant strains of HIV was designed and synthesized. The incorporation of substituents with hydrogen bond donor and acceptor groups at the P1 position of our symmetry-based inhibitor series resulted in significant potency improvements against the resistant mutants. By this approach, several compounds, such as 13, 24, and 29, were identified that demonstrated similar or improved potencies compared to 1 against highly mutated strains of HIV derived from patients who previously failed HIV PI therapy. Overall, compound 13 demonstrated the best balance of potency against drug resistant strains of HIV and oral bioavailability in pharmacokinetic studies. X-ray analysis of an HIV PI with an improved resistance profile bound to WT HIV protease is also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Degoey
- Antiviral Research, Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abbott Laboratories, 100 Abbott Park Road, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064, United States.
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11
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Hidaka K, Kimura T, Abdel-Rahman HM, Nguyen JT, McDaniel KF, Kohlbrenner WE, Molla A, Adachi M, Tamada T, Kuroki R, Katsuki N, Tanaka Y, Matsumoto H, Wang J, Hayashi Y, Kempf DJ, Kiso Y. Small-sized human immunodeficiency virus type-1 protease inhibitors containing allophenylnorstatine to explore the S2' pocket. J Med Chem 2009; 52:7604-17. [PMID: 19954246 DOI: 10.1021/jm9005115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A series of HIV protease inhibitor based on the allophenylnorstatine structure with various P(2)' moieties were synthesized. Among these analogues, we discovered that a small allyl group would maintain potent enzyme inhibitory activity compared to the o-methylbenzyl moiety in clinical candidate 1 (KNI-764, also known as JE-2147, AG-1776, or SM-319777). Introduction of an anilinic amino group to 2 (KNI-727) improved water-solubility and anti-HIV-1 activity. X-ray crystallographic analysis of 13k (KNI-1689) with a beta-methallyl group at P(2)' position revealed hydrophobic interactions with Ala28, Ile84, and Ile50' similar to that of 1. The presence of an additional methyl group on the allyl group in compound 13k significantly increased anti-HIV activity over 1 while providing a rational drug design for structural minimization and improving membrane permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koushi Hidaka
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Frontier Research in Medicinal Science, 21st Century COE Program, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8412, Japan
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12
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Randolph JT, Flentge CA, Huang PP, Hutchinson DK, Klein LL, Lim HB, Mondal R, Reisch T, Montgomery DA, Jiang WW, Masse SV, Hernandez LE, Henry RF, Liu Y, Koev G, Kati WM, Stewart KD, Beno DWA, Molla A, Kempf DJ. Synthesis and biological characterization of B-ring amino analogues of potent benzothiadiazine hepatitis C virus polymerase inhibitors. J Med Chem 2009; 52:3174-83. [PMID: 19402666 DOI: 10.1021/jm801485z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Benzothiadiazine inhibitors of the HCV NS5B RNA-dependent RNA polymerase are an important class of non-nucleoside inhibitors that have received considerable attention in the search for novel HCV therapeutics. Research in our laboratories has identified a novel series of tetracyclic benzothiadiazine inhibitors of HCV polymerase bearing a benzylamino substituent on the B-ring. Compounds in this series exhibit low-nanomolar activities in both genotypes 1a and 1b polymerase inhibition assays and subgenomic replicon assays. Optimization of pharmacokinetic properties in rat led to compound 30, which has good oral bioavailability (F = 56%) and a favorable tissue distribution drug profile, with high liver to plasma ratios. Compound 30 is a potent inhibitor in replicon assays, with EC(50) values of 10 and 6 nM against genotypes 1a and 1b, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- John T Randolph
- Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abbott, 200 Abbott Park Road, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064-6217, USA.
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13
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14
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Donati MB, Molla A, Vermylen J. The Tanned Red Cell Hemagglutination Inhibition Immunoassay and purified fibrinogen degradation products. Scand J Haematol Suppl 2009; 13:91-9. [PMID: 4258208 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0609.1971.tb01992.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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15
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DeGoey DA, Grampovnik DJ, Flosi WJ, Marsh KC, Wang XC, Klein LL, McDaniel KF, Liu Y, Long MA, Kati WM, Molla A, Kempf DJ. Water-Soluble Prodrugs of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Protease Inhibitors Lopinavir and Ritonavir. J Med Chem 2009; 52:2964-70. [DOI: 10.1021/jm900080g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David A. DeGoey
- Antiviral Research, Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abbott Laboratories, 100 Abbott Park Road, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064
| | - David J. Grampovnik
- Antiviral Research, Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abbott Laboratories, 100 Abbott Park Road, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064
| | - William J. Flosi
- Antiviral Research, Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abbott Laboratories, 100 Abbott Park Road, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064
| | - Kennan C. Marsh
- Antiviral Research, Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abbott Laboratories, 100 Abbott Park Road, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064
| | - Xiu C. Wang
- Antiviral Research, Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abbott Laboratories, 100 Abbott Park Road, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064
| | - Larry L. Klein
- Antiviral Research, Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abbott Laboratories, 100 Abbott Park Road, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064
| | - Keith F. McDaniel
- Antiviral Research, Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abbott Laboratories, 100 Abbott Park Road, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064
| | - Yaya Liu
- Antiviral Research, Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abbott Laboratories, 100 Abbott Park Road, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064
| | - Michelle A. Long
- Antiviral Research, Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abbott Laboratories, 100 Abbott Park Road, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064
| | - Warren M. Kati
- Antiviral Research, Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abbott Laboratories, 100 Abbott Park Road, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064
| | - Akhteruzzaman Molla
- Antiviral Research, Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abbott Laboratories, 100 Abbott Park Road, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064
| | - Dale J. Kempf
- Antiviral Research, Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abbott Laboratories, 100 Abbott Park Road, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064
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16
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DeGoey DA, Grampovnik DJ, Flentge CA, Flosi WJ, Chen HJ, Yeung CM, Randolph JT, Klein LL, Dekhtyar T, Colletti L, Marsh KC, Stoll V, Mamo M, Morfitt DC, Nguyen B, Schmidt JM, Swanson SJ, Mo H, Kati WM, Molla A, Kempf DJ. 2-Pyridyl P1′-Substituted Symmetry-Based Human Immunodeficiency Virus Protease Inhibitors (A-792611 and A-790742) with Potential for Convenient Dosing and Reduced Side Effects. J Med Chem 2009; 52:2571-86. [DOI: 10.1021/jm900044w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David A. DeGoey
- Antiviral Research, Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abbott Laboratories, 100 Abbott Park Road, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064
| | - David J. Grampovnik
- Antiviral Research, Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abbott Laboratories, 100 Abbott Park Road, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064
| | - Charles A. Flentge
- Antiviral Research, Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abbott Laboratories, 100 Abbott Park Road, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064
| | - William J. Flosi
- Antiviral Research, Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abbott Laboratories, 100 Abbott Park Road, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064
| | - Hui-ju Chen
- Antiviral Research, Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abbott Laboratories, 100 Abbott Park Road, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064
| | - Clinton M. Yeung
- Antiviral Research, Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abbott Laboratories, 100 Abbott Park Road, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064
| | - John T. Randolph
- Antiviral Research, Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abbott Laboratories, 100 Abbott Park Road, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064
| | - Larry L. Klein
- Antiviral Research, Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abbott Laboratories, 100 Abbott Park Road, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064
| | - Tatyana Dekhtyar
- Antiviral Research, Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abbott Laboratories, 100 Abbott Park Road, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064
| | - Lynn Colletti
- Antiviral Research, Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abbott Laboratories, 100 Abbott Park Road, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064
| | - Kennan C. Marsh
- Antiviral Research, Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abbott Laboratories, 100 Abbott Park Road, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064
| | - Vincent Stoll
- Antiviral Research, Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abbott Laboratories, 100 Abbott Park Road, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064
| | - Mulugeta Mamo
- Antiviral Research, Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abbott Laboratories, 100 Abbott Park Road, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064
| | - David C. Morfitt
- Antiviral Research, Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abbott Laboratories, 100 Abbott Park Road, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064
| | - Bach Nguyen
- Antiviral Research, Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abbott Laboratories, 100 Abbott Park Road, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064
| | - James M. Schmidt
- Antiviral Research, Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abbott Laboratories, 100 Abbott Park Road, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064
| | - Sue J. Swanson
- Antiviral Research, Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abbott Laboratories, 100 Abbott Park Road, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064
| | - Hongmei Mo
- Antiviral Research, Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abbott Laboratories, 100 Abbott Park Road, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064
| | - Warren M. Kati
- Antiviral Research, Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abbott Laboratories, 100 Abbott Park Road, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064
| | - Akhteruzzaman Molla
- Antiviral Research, Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abbott Laboratories, 100 Abbott Park Road, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064
| | - Dale J. Kempf
- Antiviral Research, Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abbott Laboratories, 100 Abbott Park Road, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064
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17
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Wagner R, Larson DP, Beno DWA, Bosse TD, Darbyshire JF, Gao Y, Gates BD, He W, Henry RF, Hernandez LE, Hutchinson DK, Jiang WW, Kati WM, Klein LL, Koev G, Kohlbrenner W, Krueger AC, Liu J, Liu Y, Long MA, Maring CJ, Masse SV, Middleton T, Montgomery DA, Pratt JK, Stuart P, Molla A, Kempf DJ. Inhibitors of Hepatitis C Virus Polymerase: Synthesis and Biological Characterization of Unsymmetrical Dialkyl-Hydroxynaphthalenoyl-benzothiadiazines. J Med Chem 2009; 52:1659-69. [DOI: 10.1021/jm8010965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rolf Wagner
- Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abbott, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064
| | - Daniel P. Larson
- Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abbott, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064
| | - David W. A. Beno
- Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abbott, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064
| | - Todd D. Bosse
- Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abbott, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064
| | - John F. Darbyshire
- Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abbott, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064
| | - Yi Gao
- Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abbott, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064
| | - Bradley D. Gates
- Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abbott, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064
| | - Wenping He
- Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abbott, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064
| | - Rodger F. Henry
- Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abbott, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064
| | - Lisa E. Hernandez
- Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abbott, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064
| | | | - Wen W. Jiang
- Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abbott, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064
| | - Warren M. Kati
- Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abbott, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064
| | - Larry L. Klein
- Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abbott, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064
| | - Gennadiy Koev
- Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abbott, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064
| | - William Kohlbrenner
- Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abbott, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064
| | - A. Chris Krueger
- Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abbott, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064
| | - Jinrong Liu
- Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abbott, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064
| | - Yaya Liu
- Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abbott, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064
| | - Michelle A. Long
- Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abbott, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064
| | - Clarence J. Maring
- Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abbott, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064
| | - Sherie V. Masse
- Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abbott, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064
| | - Tim Middleton
- Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abbott, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064
| | - Debra A. Montgomery
- Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abbott, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064
| | - John K. Pratt
- Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abbott, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064
| | - Patricia Stuart
- Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abbott, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064
| | - Akhteruzzaman Molla
- Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abbott, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064
| | - Dale J. Kempf
- Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abbott, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064
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18
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Mondal R, Koev G, Pilot-Matias T, He Y, Ng T, Kati W, Molla A. Development of a cell-based assay for high-throughput screening of inhibitors against HCV genotypes 1a and 1b in a single well. Antiviral Res 2009; 82:82-8. [PMID: 19174175 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2008.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2008] [Revised: 12/17/2008] [Accepted: 12/18/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The Hepatitis C (HCV) replicon system is a useful tool for the high-volume screening of inhibitors of HCV replication. In this report, a cell-based assay has been described, which monitors the inhibition of HCV genotypes 1a and 1b as well as cytotoxicity, from a single well of a 96-well plate. A mixture of two stable replicon cell lines was used: one containing a 1a-H77 replicon expressing a firefly luciferase reporter, and the other one containing a 1b-N replicon with a secreted alkaline phosphatase reporter, thus allowing us to monitor replication of two HCV genotypes in the same well. Cytotoxicity was measured using the Resazurin cytotoxicity assay. The assay was validated with known HCV inhibitors and showed that the antiviral activity and cytotoxicity of compounds were reproducibly measured under screening conditions. It was also showed that the assay's signal-to-noise ratio and Z' coefficient were suitable for high-throughput screening. A panel of HCV inhibitors showed a good correlation between EC(50) and TD(50) values for 1a and 1b replicon activity and cytotoxicity measured using either a single replicon format or mixed replicon format. Thus, the use of this mixed replicon format provides an economical method for simultaneous measurement of compound activity against two HCV genotypes as well as cytotoxicity, thereby reducing cost of reagents and labor as well as improving throughput.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubina Mondal
- Antiviral Research, Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, IL 60064, USA.
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19
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Molla A, Delacour-Larose M, Valette A, Dimitrov S. Survivin and Aurora B kinase, two interesting targets for cancer therapy. EJC Suppl 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(08)71312-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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20
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Hutchinson DK, Rosenberg T, Klein LL, Bosse TD, Larson DP, He W, Jiang WW, Kati WM, Kohlbrenner WE, Liu Y, Masse SV, Middleton T, Molla A, Montgomery DA, Beno DWA, Stewart KD, Stoll VS, Kempf DJ. Hepatitis C NS5B polymerase inhibitors: 4,4-Dialkyl-1-hydroxy-3-oxo-3,4-dihydronaphthalene-3-yl benzothiadiazine derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:3887-90. [PMID: 18599294 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.06.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2008] [Revised: 06/10/2008] [Accepted: 06/12/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
4,4-Dialkyl-1-hydroxy-3-oxo-3.4-dihydronaphthalene-3-yl benzothiadiazine derivatives were synthesized and evaluated as inhibitors of genotypes 1a and 1b HCV NS5B polymerase. A number of these compounds exhibited potent activity against genotypes 1a and 1b HCV polymerase in both enzymatic and cell culture activities. A representative compound also showed favorable pharmacokinetics in the rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas K Hutchinson
- Department of Antiviral Research, Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, IL 60064, USA.
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21
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Liu Y, Donner PL, Pratt JK, Jiang WW, Ng T, Gracias V, Baumeister S, Wiedeman PE, Traphagen L, Warrior U, Maring C, Kati WM, Djuric SW, Molla A. Identification of halosalicylamide derivatives as a novel class of allosteric inhibitors of HCV NS5B polymerase. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:3173-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.04.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2008] [Revised: 04/24/2008] [Accepted: 04/28/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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22
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Liu Y, Donner P, Jiang W, Ng T, Gracias V, Baumeister S, Wiedeman P, Traphagen L, Warrior U, Maring C, Kati W, Djuric S, Molla A. Identification of Halosalicylamide Derivatives as a Novel Class of Allosteric Inhibitors of HCV NS5B Polymerase. Antiviral Res 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2008.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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23
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Krueger AC, Xu Y, Kati WM, Kempf DJ, Maring CJ, McDaniel KF, Molla A, Montgomery D, Kohlbrenner WE. Synthesis of potent pyrrolidine influenza neuraminidase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:1692-5. [PMID: 18242993 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.01.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2007] [Revised: 01/11/2008] [Accepted: 01/14/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of several pyrrolidine inhibitor analogs is described that possess nanomolar in vitro potencies against the neuraminidase enzymes expressed by the B/Memphis/3/89 and A/N1/PR/8/34 influenza strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Chris Krueger
- Infectious Disease Research, Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abbott Laboratories, 200 Abbott Park Road, AP-52N, Abbott Park, IL 60064, USA.
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24
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Abstract
UNLABELLED Up to now, little has been known about iodine intake and the prevalence of iodine deficiency (ID), if any, in Kuwait. Urinary iodine excretion (UIE) and changes in thyroid function during pregnancy were thus evaluated. METHODS Urinary iodide level was measured in random urine samples collected from 326 pregnant women at different gestational trimesters. Blood samples were drawn for free T4 (FT4) and TSH level determination. RESULTS Median UIE levels fall within the normal range during all gestational trimesters i.e. >100 microg/l. However, if the new suggested recommendation for pregnant women <140 microg/l, is applied, median UIE values during trimesters 2 and 3 indicate ID. Mean serum TSH levels increased between trimesters 1 and 3 (p<0.05), whereas serum FT4 decreased between first and second trimesters (p<0.05), and this reduction continued at the third trimester. Furthermore, an increase in TSH levels for subjects with mild and moderate ID (Mi and Mo, respectively) were noticed (p<0.05) during the second trimester. However, FT4 levels dropped in subjects with Mi and Mo ID during the first trimester (p<0.05). In conclusion, these results suggest that 56.8% of pregnant women had median UIE level <145 microg/l, associated with high TSH and low FT4 levels. CONCLUSION Data obtained may indicate insufficient iodine intake among pregnant women in Kuwait.
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Affiliation(s)
- F I Al-Yatama
- Medical Laboratory Department, Faculty of Allied Health, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 267, Al-Yarmouk 72653, Kuwait.
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25
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Chen CM, He Y, Lu L, Lim HB, Tripathi RL, Middleton T, Hernandez LE, Beno DWA, Long MA, Kati WM, Bosse TD, Larson DP, Wagner R, Lanford RE, Kohlbrenner WE, Kempf DJ, Pilot-Matias TJ, Molla A. Activity of a potent hepatitis C virus polymerase inhibitor in the chimpanzee model. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2007; 51:4290-6. [PMID: 17908950 PMCID: PMC2167986 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00723-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
A-837093 is a potent and specific nonnucleoside inhibitor of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) nonstructural protein 5B (NS5B) RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. It possesses nanomolar potencies in both enzymatic and replicon-based cell culture assays. In rats and dogs this compound demonstrated an oral plasma half-life of greater than 7 h, and its bioavailability was >60%. In monkeys it had a half-life of 1.9 h and 15% bioavailability. Its antiviral efficacy was evaluated in two chimpanzees infected with HCV in a proof-of-concept study. The design included oral dosing of 30 mg per kg of body weight twice a day for 14 days, followed by a 14-day posttreatment observation. Maximum viral load reductions of 1.4 and 2.5 log(10) copies RNA/ml for genotype 1a- and 1b-infected chimpanzees, respectively, were observed within 2 days after the initiation of treatment. After this initial drop in the viral load, a rebound of plasma HCV RNA was observed in the genotype 1b-infected chimpanzee, while the genotype 1a-infected chimpanzee experienced a partial rebound that lasted throughout the treatment period. Clonal analysis of NS5B gene sequences derived from the plasma of A-837093-treated chimpanzees revealed the presence of several mutations associated with resistance to A-837093, including Y448H, G554D, and D559G in the genotype 1a-infected chimpanzee and C316Y and G554D in the genotype 1b-infected chimpanzee. The identification of resistance-associated mutations in both chimpanzees is consistent with the findings of in vitro selection studies, in which many of the same mutations were selected. These findings validate the antiviral efficacy and resistance development of benzothiadiazine HCV polymerase inhibitors in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Ming Chen
- Abbott Laboratories, Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abbott Park, IL 60064, USA
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26
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Middleton T, He Y, Pilot-Matias T, Tripathi R, Lim BH, Roth A, Chen CM, Koev G, Ng TI, Krishnan P, Pithawalla R, Mondal R, Dekhtyar T, Lu L, Mo H, Kati WM, Molla A. A replicon-based shuttle vector system for assessing the phenotype of HCV NS5B polymerase genes isolated from patient populations. J Virol Methods 2007; 145:137-45. [PMID: 17604129 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2007.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2006] [Revised: 05/09/2007] [Accepted: 05/16/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) replicon-based shuttle vectors that permit phenotypes of NS5B polymerase genes from a large number of patient isolates to be rapidly assessed when transiently expressed in cultured cells were designed. When used to test responses to an inhibitor of HCV RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, IC(50) values for inhibition covered a several hundred-fold range among 47 patient samples tested. This observation highlights the variability that can be found by testing isolates derived from HCV-infected subjects. Partial suppression with a polymerase inhibitor of the most sensitive species permitted detection of minor quasispecies that were 7-200-fold more resistant than the bulk population in approximately half of the samples. Sequence analysis showed a wide range of amino acid changes not detected by conventional selection methods using laboratory-derived strains. This approach provides a means to assess variation in antiviral efficacy, and to predict possible responses in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Middleton
- Abbott Laboratories, Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Department R4CQ, AP52N, 200 Abbott Park Road, Abbott Park, IL 60064, USA.
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27
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Masse S, Lu X, Dekhtyar T, Lu L, Koev G, Gao F, Mo H, Kempf D, Bernstein B, Hanna GJ, Molla A. In vitro selection and characterization of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 with decreased susceptibility to lopinavir. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2007; 51:3075-80. [PMID: 17576848 PMCID: PMC2043247 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00146-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lopinavir (LPV)-ritonavir has demonstrated durable antiviral activity in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected antiretroviral-naïve and protease inhibitor (PI)-experienced patients. However, information on LPV activity against HIV-2 and the patterns of mutations in HIV-2 in response to selection by LPV is limited. The activity of LPV against three strains of HIV-2 was assessed and compared to activity against a reference HIV-1 strain. LPV demonstrated activity similar to that observed against HIV-1 in two HIV-2 strains (HIV-2(MS) and HIV-2(CBL-23)) tested. On the other hand, approximately 10-fold-reduced susceptibility was observed with the third HIV-2 strain, HIV-2(CDC310319). Passage of HIV-2(MS) with increasing concentrations of LPV selected mutations V47A and D17N in the HIV-2 protease gene. The introduction of both 17N and 47A either individually or together into HIV-2(ROD) molecular infectious clones showed that the single V47A substitution in HIV-2 resulted in a substantial reduction in susceptibility to LPV. In contrast, this mutant retained wild-type susceptibility to other PIs and appeared to be hypersusceptible to atazanavir and saquinavir.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherie Masse
- Antiviral Research, Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, AP52N-1 Rm. 1133, 200 Abbott Park Road, Abbott Park, IL 60064, USA.
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28
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Ng TI, Mo H, Pilot-Matias T, He Y, Koev G, Krishnan P, Mondal R, Pithawalla R, He W, Dekhtyar T, Packer J, Schurdak M, Molla A. Identification of host genes involved in hepatitis C virus replication by small interfering RNA technology. Hepatology 2007; 45:1413-21. [PMID: 17518369 DOI: 10.1002/hep.21608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Hepatitis C virus (HCV) replication is highly dependent on host cell factors. Identification of these host factors not only facilitates understanding of the biology of HCV infection but also enables the discovery of novel targets for anti-HCV therapy. To identify host genes important for HCV RNA replication, we screened a library of small interfering RNA (siRNA) that targets approximately 4,000 human genes in Huh7-derived EN5-3 cells harboring an HCV subgenomic replicon with the nonstructural region NS3-NS5B from the 1b-N strain. Nine cellular genes that potentially regulate HCV replication were identified in this screen. Silencing of these genes resulted in inhibition of HCV replication by more than 60% and exhibited minimal toxicity. Knockdown of host gene expression by these siRNAs was confirmed at the RNA level and, in some instances, at the protein level. The level of siRNA silencing of these host genes correlated well with inhibition of HCV. These genes included those that encoded a G-protein coupled receptor (TBXA2R), a membrane protein (LTbeta), an adapter protein (TRAF2), 2 transcription factors (RelA and NFkappaB2), 2 protein kinases (MKK7 and SNARK), and 2 closely related transporter proteins (SLC12A4 and SLC12A5). Of interest, some of these genes are members of the tumor necrosis factor/lymphotoxin signaling pathway. CONCLUSION Findings of this study may provide important information for understanding HCV replication. In addition, these cellular genes may constitute a novel set of targets for HCV antiviral therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa I Ng
- Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Antiviral Research, Abbott Laboratories, 200 Abbott Park Road, Abbott Park, IL 60064, USA.
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29
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Krueger AC, Madigan DL, Green BE, Hutchinson DK, Jiang WW, Kati WM, Liu Y, Maring CJ, Masse SV, McDaniel KF, Middleton TR, Mo H, Molla A, Montgomery DA, Ng TI, Kempf DJ. Inhibitors of HCV NS5B polymerase: Synthesis and structure–activity relationships of unsymmetrical 1-hydroxy-4,4-dialkyl-3-oxo-3,4-dihydronaphthalene benzothiadiazine derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:2289-92. [PMID: 17300933 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.01.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2006] [Revised: 01/15/2007] [Accepted: 01/18/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Substituted 1-hydroxy-4,4-dialkyl-3-oxo-3,4-dihydronaphthalene benzothiadiazine derivatives were investigated as inhibitors of genotype 1 HCV polymerase. Structure-activity relationship patterns for this class of compounds are discussed. It was found that the saturated alkane dialkyl units provided the most active analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Chris Krueger
- Infectious Disease Research, Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, IL 60064, USA.
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30
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Lu L, Mo H, Pilot-Matias TJ, Molla A. Evolution of resistant M414T mutants among hepatitis C virus replicon cells treated with polymerase inhibitor A-782759. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2007; 51:1889-96. [PMID: 17371824 PMCID: PMC1891376 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01004-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) replicon cells with any single specific anti-HCV inhibitor in vitro leads to a rapid selection of resistant mutants. However, the source and the kinetic evolution of these resistant mutants during treatment are poorly understood. In this study we developed allele-specific real-time PCR assays for quantitative detection of the M414T mutant that was selected by a number of benzothiadiazine HCV polymerase inhibitors. Low levels of preexisting M414T mutants were detected in both 1b-con1 (0.22%) and 1b-N (0.18%) subgenomic replicon cell lines, as well as in 6 of 15 HCV RNA isolated from the sera of treatment-naive HCV-infected patients ranging from 0.11 to 0.60%. The proportion of M414T mutants in replicons rapidly increased in a dose-dependent manner upon treatment with benzothiadiazine inhibitor A-782759. After 4 days of treatment, 2.5, 26, or 60% of the replicon population contained M414T mutants with the use of A-782759 at 1x, 10x, or 100x its 50% effective concentration, respectively. In addition, the short 4-day treatment resulted in significant changes in inhibitor susceptibility in the replicon cells. Our results indicated that the resistant mutant preexisted as a minor population in replicon cells and that the mutant was selected within days of treatment with the inhibitor. The findings from this study suggested that early application of combination therapy of an HCV-specific inhibitor with interferon-based regimens or other classes of available inhibitors will be necessary to avoid quick viral rebound or treatment failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangjun Lu
- Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abbott Laboratories, GPRD-R4CQ, 200 Abbott Park Rd., Abbott Park, IL 60064, USA.
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31
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Middleton T, Lim H, Montgomery D, Rockway T, Liu D, Klein L, Qin W, Harlan J, Kati W, Molla A. Azapteridine Inhibitors of Hepatitis C Virus RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase. LETT DRUG DES DISCOV 2007. [DOI: 10.2174/157018007778992937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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32
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Mo H, Parkin N, Stewart KD, Lu L, Dekhtyar T, Kempf DJ, Molla A. Identification and structural characterization of I84C and I84A mutations that are associated with high-level resistance to human immunodeficiency virus protease inhibitors and impair viral replication. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2006; 51:732-5. [PMID: 17101675 PMCID: PMC1797770 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00690-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Two novel human immunodeficiency virus protease mutations, I84C and I84A, were identified in patient isolates. The mutants with I84C displayed high-level resistance (median, at least 56-fold) to nelfinavir and saquinavir, but the majority remained susceptible to lopinavir. In contrast, isolates with the I84A mutation exhibited>or=33-fold median increased levels of resistance to nelfinavir, indinavir, amprenavir, ritonavir, lopinavir, saquinavir, and atazanavir. Isolates with the I84A or I84C mutation tended to be more resistant than the isolates with the I84V mutation. Modeling of the structure of the mutant proteases indicated that the I84V, I84C, and I84A mutations all create unoccupied volume in the active site, with I84A introducing the greatest change in the accessible surface area from that of the wild-type structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Mo
- Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Department R4CQ, Building AP52N, Abbott Laboratories, 200 Abbott Park Road, Abbott Park, IL 60064-6217, USA
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33
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Koev G, Dekhtyar T, Han L, Yan P, Ng TI, Lin CT, Mo H, Molla A. Antiviral interactions of an HCV polymerase inhibitor with an HCV protease inhibitor or interferon in vitro. Antiviral Res 2006; 73:78-83. [PMID: 16945431 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2006.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2006] [Revised: 07/18/2006] [Accepted: 07/25/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The combinations of Abbott Hepatitis C virus (HCV) polymerase A-782759 with either Boehringer Ingelheim HCV NS3 protease inhibitor BILN-2061 or interferon (IFN) displayed additive to synergistic relationships over a range of concentrations of two-drug combination. Treatment of HCV replicon with A-782759, IFN or BILN-2061 for about 16 days resulted in dramatic reductions in HCV RNA (5.1, 3.0 and 3.9 log10 RNA copies, respectively). However, none of the compounds tested alone lead to replicon RNA reduction to undetectable levels. Ongoing replication in the presence of A-782759 or BILN-2061 was associated with the appearance of resistant mutations M414T in NS5B and D168V in NS3, respectively. In contrast, a combination of A-782759 with BILN-2061 resulted in greater than 7 logs RNA reduction leading to undetectable replicon RNA after 16 days of treatment. Our findings suggest that a monotherapy with either drug alone is likely to result in development of resistant mutants. However, a combination therapy with polymerase inhibitor has the potential to improve the efficacy of IFN or a protease inhibitor alone in vivo, due to the lower likelihood of resistance development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gennadiy Koev
- Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, IL 60064, USA.
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34
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Tripathi RL, Krishnan P, He Y, Middleton T, Pilot-Matias T, Chen CM, Lau DTY, Lemon SM, Mo H, Kati W, Molla A. Replication efficiency of chimeric replicon containing NS5A-5B genes derived from HCV-infected patient sera. Antiviral Res 2006; 73:40-9. [PMID: 16914212 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2006.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2006] [Revised: 07/05/2006] [Accepted: 07/07/2006] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
A transient subgenomic replicon-based shuttle vector system has been developed to investigate how genetic heterogeneity affects HCV replication efficiency. Individual NS5A or NS5B genes or cassettes containing both NS5A and NS5B genes were amplified from "quasispecies" pools derived from HCV genotype 1a or 1b patient sera using RT-PCR and cloned into their respective shuttle vectors. All shuttle vectors containing NS5A or NS5A-5B genes were constructed with the S2204I "adaptive" mutation because replicons lacking the S2204I mutation replicated poorly. Gene sequences of the quasispecies pools within either genotype 1a or 1b patient samples ranged from 94 to 95% in identity. The replication capacity of 1b shuttle vectors containing patient-derived NS5A or NS5B genes averaged 67 and 75%, respectively, relative to the laboratory-optimized 1b replicon. In contrast, the replication efficiencies of both 1a and 1b shuttle vectors containing patient-derived NS5A-5B gene cassettes averaged around 2% relative to the respective laboratory-optimized replicon. All patient-derived replicons were tested in a transient assay for their sensitivity to either interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) or to the polymerase inhibitor A-782759. Despite the differences in replication efficiency, IC(50) values measured for most of the patient-derived replicons were equivalent to the respective values measured in the control laboratory strain replicons. These results demonstrate that patient sequence heterogeneity affects replication efficiency whenever patient-derived NS5A-5B genes are inserted into the laboratory-optimized replicon. The findings also demonstrate the utility of the shuttle vector system to test patient-derived gene sequences for sensitivity to IFN-alpha and to small molecule inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh L Tripathi
- Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, IL 60064, USA.
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35
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Krueger AC, Madigan DL, Jiang WW, Kati WM, Liu D, Liu Y, Maring CJ, Masse S, McDaniel KF, Middleton T, Mo H, Molla A, Montgomery D, Pratt JK, Rockway TW, Zhang R, Kempf DJ. Inhibitors of HCV NS5B polymerase: synthesis and structure-activity relationships of N-alkyl-4-hydroxyquinolon-3-yl-benzothiadiazine sulfamides. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2006; 16:3367-70. [PMID: 16650764 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2006] [Accepted: 04/06/2006] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Substituted N-alkyl-4-hydroxyquinolon-3-yl-benzothiadiazine sulfamides were investigated as inhibitors of genotype 1 HCV polymerase. Structure-activity relationship patterns for this class of compounds are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Chris Krueger
- Infectious Disease Research, Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, IL 60064, USA.
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36
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Rockway TW, Zhang R, Liu D, Betebenner DA, McDaniel KF, Pratt JK, Beno D, Montgomery D, Jiang WW, Masse S, Kati WM, Middleton T, Molla A, Maring CJ, Kempf DJ. Inhibitors of HCV NS5B polymerase: synthesis and structure-activity relationships of N-1-benzyl and N-1-[3-methylbutyl]-4-hydroxy-1,8-naphthyridon-3-yl benzothiadiazine analogs containing substituents on the aromatic ring. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2006; 16:3833-8. [PMID: 16650984 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2006] [Revised: 04/08/2006] [Accepted: 04/10/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A series of non-nucleoside HCV NS5B polymerase inhibitors based on the N-1-benzyl or N-1-[3-methylbutyl]-4-hydroxy-1,8-naphthyridon-3-yl benzothiadiazine core substituted in the D-ring aromatic moiety have been prepared and evaluated. Aromatic substituents extending from position 7 of the D-ring exhibited excellent potency against both genotypes 1a and 1b.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd W Rockway
- Infectious Disease Research, Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abbott Laboratories, 200 Abbott Park Road, Abbott Park, IL 60064-6217, USA.
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37
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Randolph JT, Huang PP, Flosi WJ, DeGoey D, Klein LL, Yeung CM, Flentge C, Sun M, Zhao C, Dekhtyar T, Mo H, Colletti L, Kati W, Marsh KC, Molla A, Kempf DJ. Synthesis, antiviral activity, and pharmacokinetic evaluation of P3 pyridylmethyl analogs of oximinoarylsulfonyl HIV-1 protease inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2006; 14:4035-46. [PMID: 16504523 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2006.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2005] [Revised: 02/01/2006] [Accepted: 02/06/2006] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
As a continuation of the recently communicated discovery of oximinoarylsulfonamides as potent inhibitors of HIV-1 aspartyl protease, compounds bearing pyridylmethyl substituents at P3 were designed and synthesized. Potent analogs in this series provided low single-digit nanomolar EC50 values against both wild-type HIV and resistant mutant virus (A17), attenuated some 3- to 12-fold in the presence of 50% human serum. Pharmacokinetic results for compounds in this series showed good to excellent exposure when co-administered orally with an equal amount of ritonavir (5mg/kg each) in the rat, with average AUC >8 microg h/mL. Similar dosing in dog resulted in significantly lower plasma levels (average AUC <2 microg h/mL). The 3-pyridylmethyl analog 30 gave the best overall exposure (rat AUC=7.1 microg h/mL and dog AUC=4.9 microg h/mL), however, this compound was found to be a potent inhibitor of cytochrome P450 3A (Ki=2.4 nM).
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Affiliation(s)
- John T Randolph
- Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, IL 60064, USA.
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38
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Sensi M, Nicolini G, Petti C, Bersani I, Lozupone F, Molla A, Vegetti C, Nonaka D, Mortarini R, Parmiani G, Fais S, Anichini A. Mutually exclusive NRASQ61R and BRAFV600E mutations at the single-cell level in the same human melanoma. Oncogene 2006; 25:3357-64. [PMID: 16462768 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1209379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Activating BRAF or NRAS mutations have been found in 80% of human sporadic melanomas, but only one of these genetic alterations could be detected in each tumour. This suggests that BRAF and NRAS 'double mutants' may not provide advantage for tumour growth, or may even be selected against during tumorigenesis. However, by applying mutant-allele-specific-amplification-PCR method to short-term melanoma lines, one out of 14 tumours was found to harbour both BRAFV600E and the activating NRASQ61R mutations. On the other hand, analysis of 21 melanoma clones isolated by growth in soft agar from this tumour indicated that 16/21 clones harboured a BRAFV600E, but were wild-type for NRAS, whereas the remaining had the opposite genotype (NRASQ61R/wild-type BRAF). When compared to BRAFV600E clones, NRASQ61R clones displayed reduced growth in soft agar, but higher proliferative ability in vitro in liquid medium and even in vivo after grafting into SCID/SCID mice. These data suggest that NRAS and BRAF activating mutations can coexist in the same melanoma, but are mutually exclusive at the single-cell level. Moreover, the presence of NRASQ61R or BRAFV600E is associated with distinct in vitro and in vivo growth properties of neoplastic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sensi
- Human Tumor Immunobiology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, Milano, Italy.
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39
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Mo H, Lu L, Pilot-Matias T, Pithawalla R, Mondal R, Masse S, Dekhtyar T, Ng T, Koev G, Stoll V, Stewart KD, Pratt J, Donner P, Rockway T, Maring C, Molla A. Mutations conferring resistance to a hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitor alone or in combination with an HCV serine protease inhibitor in vitro. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2006; 49:4305-14. [PMID: 16189112 PMCID: PMC1251566 DOI: 10.1128/aac.49.10.4305-4314.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Compounds A-782759 (an N-1-aza-4-hydroxyquinolone benzothiadiazine) and BILN-2061 are specific anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) agents that inhibit the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and the NS3 serine protease, respectively. Both compounds display potent activity against HCV replicons in tissue culture. In order to characterize the development of resistance to these anti-HCV agents, HCV subgenomic 1b-N replicon cells were cultured with A-782759 alone or in combination with BILN-2061 at concentrations 10 times above their corresponding 50% inhibitory concentrations in the presence of neomycin. Single substitutions in the NS5B polymerase gene (H95Q, N411S, M414L, M414T, or Y448H) resulted in substantial decreases in susceptibility to A-782759. Similarly, replicons containing mutations in the NS5B polymerase gene (M414L or M414T), together with single mutations in the NS3 protease gene (A156V or D168V), conferred high levels of resistance to both A-782759 and BILN-2061. However, the A-782759-resistant mutants remained susceptible to nucleoside and two other classes of nonnucleoside NS5B polymerase inhibitors, as well as interferon. In addition, we found that the frequency of replicons resistant to both compounds was significantly lower than the frequency of resistance to the single compound. Furthermore, the dually resistant mutants displayed significantly reduced replication capacities compared to the wild-type replicon. These findings provide strategic guidance for the future treatment of HCV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Mo
- Antiviral Research, Abbott Laboratories Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abbott Park, Illinois, USA.
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40
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Maring CJ, Stoll VS, Zhao C, Sun M, Krueger AC, Stewart KD, Madigan DL, Kati WM, Xu Y, Carrick RJ, Montgomery DA, Kempf-Grote A, Marsh KC, Molla A, Steffy KR, Sham HL, Laver WG, Gu YG, Kempf DJ, Kohlbrenner WE. Structure-based characterization and optimization of novel hydrophobic binding interactions in a series of pyrrolidine influenza neuraminidase inhibitors. J Med Chem 2005; 48:3980-90. [PMID: 15943472 DOI: 10.1021/jm049276y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The structure-activity relationship (SAR) of a novel hydrophobic binding interaction within a subsite of the influenza neuraminidase (NA) active site was characterized and optimized for a series of trisubstituted pyrrolidine inhibitors modified at the 4-position. Previously, potent inhibitors have targeted this subsite with hydrophilic substituents such as amines and guanidines. Inhibitor-bound crystal structures revealed that hydrophobic substituents with sp(2) hybridization could achieve optimal interactions by virtue of a low-energy binding conformation and favorable pi-stacking interactions with the residue Glu119. From a lead methyl ester, investigation of five-membered heteroaromatic substituents at C-4 produced a 3-pyrazolyl analogue that improved activity by making a targeted hydrogen bond with Trp178. The SAR of substituted vinyl substituents at C-4 produced a Z-propenyl analogue with improved activity over the lead methyl ester. The C-1 ethyl ester prodrugs of the substituted C-4 vinyl analogues gave compounds with excellent oral bioavailability (F > 60%) when dosed in rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarence J Maring
- Department of Infectious Disease Research and Advanced Technology, Global Pharmaceutical R & D, Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064, USA.
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41
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Mo H, King MS, King K, Molla A, Brun S, Kempf DJ. Selection of resistance in protease inhibitor-experienced, human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected subjects failing lopinavir- and ritonavir-based therapy: mutation patterns and baseline correlates. J Virol 2005; 79:3329-38. [PMID: 15731227 PMCID: PMC1075714 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.79.6.3329-3338.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The selection of in vivo resistance to lopinavir was characterized by analyzing the longitudinal isolates from 54 protease inhibitor-experienced subjects who either experienced incomplete virologic response or viral rebound subsequent to initial response while on treatment with lopinavir-ritonavir in Phase II and III studies. The evolution of incremental resistance to lopinavir (emergence of new mutation[s] and/or at least a twofold increase in phenotypic resistance compared to baseline isolates) was highly dependent on the baseline phenotype and genotype. Among the subjects demonstrating evolution of lopinavir resistance, mutations at positions 82, 54, and 46 in human immunodeficiency virus protease emerged frequently, suggesting that these mutations are important for conferring high-level resistance. Less common mutations, such as L33F, I50V, and V32I together with I47V/A, were also selected; however, new mutations at positions 84, 90, and 71 were not observed. The emergence of incremental resistance contrasts greatly with the low incidence of resistance observed after initiating lopinavir-ritonavir therapy in antiretroviral-naive patients, suggesting that partial resistance accumulated during prior protease inhibitor therapy can compromise the genetic barrier to resistance to lopinavir-ritonavir. The emergence of incremental resistance was uncommon in subjects whose baseline isolates contained eight or more mutations associated with lopinavir resistance and/or displayed >60-fold-reduced susceptibility to lopinavir, providing insight into suitable upper genotypic and phenotypic breakpoints for lopinavir-ritonavir.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Mo
- Department R47D, Building AP52N, Abbott Laboratories, 200 Abbott Park Rd., Abbott Park, IL 60064-6217, USA.
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42
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Pratt JK, Donner P, McDaniel KF, Maring CJ, Kati WM, Mo H, Middleton T, Liu Y, Ng T, Xie Q, Zhang R, Montgomery D, Molla A, Kempf DJ, Kohlbrenner W. Inhibitors of HCV NS5B polymerase: synthesis and structure–activity relationships of N-1-heteroalkyl-4-hydroxyquinolon-3-yl-benzothiadiazines. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2005; 15:1577-82. [PMID: 15745800 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2005.01.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2004] [Revised: 01/26/2005] [Accepted: 01/28/2005] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
N-1-Alkylamino and N-1-alkyloxy-4-hydroxyquinolon-3-yl benzothiadiazines were synthesized and evaluated as inhibitors of genotype 1 HCV polymerase. The N-1-alkyloxy derivatives were not potent inhibitors, however N-1-alkylamino derivatives displayed comparable potency to carbon analogs. Analogs with aliphatic substituents were significantly more potent than those with benzylic substituents against genotype 1a polymerase. The most potent inhibitors contained small alkyl or carbocyclic substituents and exhibited IC50's of 50-100 and 200-400 nM against genotype 1b and 1a HCV polymerase, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- John K Pratt
- Infectious Disease Research, Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, IL 60064, USA.
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43
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Mo H, Konstantinidis AK, Stewart KD, Dekhtyar T, Ng T, Swift K, Matayoshi ED, Kati W, Kohlbrenner W, Molla A. Conserved residues in the coiled-coil pocket of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gp41 are essential for viral replication and interhelical interaction. Virology 2005; 329:319-27. [PMID: 15518811 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2004.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2004] [Revised: 08/04/2004] [Accepted: 08/18/2004] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) gp41 plays an important role in mediating the fusion of HIV with host cells. During the fusion process, three N-terminal helices and three C-terminal helices pack in an anti-parallel direction to form a six-helix bundle. X-ray crystallographic analysis of the gp41 core demonstrated that within each coiled-coil interface, there is a deep and large pocket, formed by a cluster of residues in the N-helix coiled-coil. In this report, we systematically analyzed the role of seven conserved residues that are either lining or packing this pocket on the infectivity and interhelical interaction using novel approaches. Our results show that residues L568, V570, W571, and K574 of the N-helix that are lining the side chain and right wall of the pocket are important for establishing a productive infection. Mutations V570A and W571A completely abolished replication, while replication of the L568A and K574A mutants was significantly attenuated relative to wild type. Similarly, residues W628, W631, and I635 of the C-helix that insert into the pocket are essential for infectivity. The impaired infectivity of these seven mutants is in part attributed to the loss in binding affinity of the interhelical interaction. Molecular modeling of the crystal structure of the coiled-coil further shows that alanine substitution of those residues disrupts the hydrophobic interaction between the N- and C-helix. These results suggest that the conserved residues in the coiled-coil domain play a key role in HIV infection and this coiled-coil pocket is a good target for development of inhibitors against HIV. In addition, our data indicate that the novel fluorescence polarization assay described in this study could be valuable in screening for inhibitors that block the interhelical interaction and HIV entry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Mo
- Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, IL 60064, USA.
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44
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Mo H, Lu L, Pithawalla R, Kempf DJ, Molla A. Complementation in cells cotransfected with a mixture of wild-type and mutant human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) influences the replication capacities and phenotypes of mutant variants in a single-cycle HIV resistance assay. J Clin Microbiol 2004; 42:4169-74. [PMID: 15365007 PMCID: PMC516276 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.42.9.4169-4174.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The impact of cotransfection of mixtures of mutant and wild type (WT) virus on the observed phenotype and replication capacity (RC) in a single-cycle human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) phenotypic assay has been investigated by cotransfecting mutant HIV clones expressing the firefly luciferase expression gene with a WT clone expressing Renilla luciferase. Four mutant constructs with different genotypes displayed <1% RC when transfected alone. Cotransfection of as little as 9% of the WT clone resulted in an 18- to 33-fold increase in the RC of the mutant clones. In addition, the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC(50)) of lopinavir against seven mutant clones decreased by up to 97% after incremental cotransfection of 9 to 50% of the WT clone. The enhancement of RC and decrease in IC(50) for mutant variants following cotransfection with the WT variant appear to be due to complementation rather than genetic recombination. These findings suggest that the RC and susceptibility of plasma isolates from patients who are off therapy or not adherent to treatment, in which WT virus may expand to significant levels, should be interpreted with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Mo
- Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abbott Laboratories, 200 Abbott Park Rd., Abbott Park, IL 60064-6217, USA.
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45
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Middleton T, Lim HB, Montgomery D, Rockway T, Tang H, Cheng X, Lu L, Mo H, Kohlbrenner WE, Molla A, Kati WM. Inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus type I integrase by naphthamidines and 2-aminobenzimidazoles. Antiviral Res 2004; 64:35-45. [PMID: 15451177 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2004.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2003] [Accepted: 04/27/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Retroviral integrases catalyze two of the steps of insertion of proviral DNA into the host genomic DNA. Inhibitors that target the second step, strand transfer into the host DNA, have been demonstrated to have antiviral activity in cell culture. We describe two classes of HIV-1 integrase inhibitors that block strand transfer, one based on a naphthamidine core and one on a benzimidazole core. While the naphthamidine compounds showed some propensity to interact with the DNA substrate, both classes were shown to bind directly to integrase. The naphthamidine compounds showed activity in cell culture, and a direct effect on integrase was indicated by an increase in 2-LTR products in the presence of a naphthamidine compound. These two classes of compounds represent potential starting points for the development of new classes of integrase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Middleton
- Department R47D, Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abbott Laboratories, 200 Abbott Park Rd., Abbott Park, IL 60064-6217, USA.
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46
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Lu L, Pilot-Matias TJ, Stewart KD, Randolph JT, Pithawalla R, He W, Huang PP, Klein LL, Mo H, Molla A. Mutations conferring resistance to a potent hepatitis C virus serine protease inhibitor in vitro. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2004; 48:2260-6. [PMID: 15155230 PMCID: PMC415624 DOI: 10.1128/aac.48.6.2260-2266.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BILN 2061 is a novel, specific hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS3 serine protease inhibitor discovered by Boehringer Ingelheim that has shown potent activity against HCV replicons in tissue culture and is currently under clinical investigation for the treatment of HCV infection. The poor fidelity of the HCV RNA-dependent RNA polymerase will likely lead to the development of drug-resistant viruses in treated patients. The development of resistance to BILN 2061 was studied by the in vitro passage of HCV genotype 1b replicon cells in the presence of a fixed concentration of the drug. Three weeks posttreatment, four colonies were expanded for genotypic and phenotypic characterization. The 50% inhibitory concentrations of BILN 2061 for these colonies were 72- to 1,228-fold higher than that for the wild-type replicon. Sequencing of the individual colonies identified several mutations in the NS3 serine protease gene. Molecular clones containing the single amino acid substitution A156T, R155Q, or D168V resulted in 357-fold, 24-fold, and 144-fold reductions in susceptibility to BILN 2061, respectively, compared to the level of susceptibility shown by the wild-type replicon. Modeling studies indicate that all three of these residues are located in close proximity to the inhibitor binding site. These findings, in addition to the three-dimensional structure analysis of the NS3/NS4A serine protease inhibitor complex, provide a strategic guide for the development of next-generation inhibitors of HCV NS3/NS4A serine protease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangjun Lu
- Antiviral Research, Abbott Laboratories, Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abbott Park, IL 60064-6217, USA.
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47
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Liu Y, Stoll VS, Richardson PL, Saldivar A, Klaus JL, Molla A, Kohlbrenner W, Kati WM. Hepatitis C NS3 protease inhibition by peptidyl-alpha-ketoamide inhibitors: kinetic mechanism and structure. Arch Biochem Biophys 2004; 421:207-16. [PMID: 14984200 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2003.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel peptidyl-alpha-ketoamide compounds were evaluated as inhibitors of the deltaNS3-NS4A serine protease from the hepatitis C virus. These peptidyl-alpha-ketoamide inhibitors with Ki values ranging from 0.17 nM to 5.6 microM exhibited slow-binding inhibition. Kinetic studies established one-step kinetic mechanisms and dissociation rate constants in the 3-7 x 10(-5) s(-1) range for these compounds. The association rate constants, which ranged from 10 to 263,000 M(-1) s(-1), were responsible for the greater than four order of magnitude overall binding affinity range exhibited by this series. An X-ray crystal structure of a protease-inhibitor complex revealed an unusual interaction between the oxyanion of the adduct and the protein as well as a significant movement in the S1' region of the protein loop comprising residues 35-42. These results are quite different from peptidyl-alpha-ketoacid inhibition of HCV protease, which reportedly undergoes no notable conformational changes and proceeds with a two-step slow-binding kinetic mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaya Liu
- Antiviral Research, Infectious Disease Research and Advanced Technology, Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, IL 60064-6217, USA.
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48
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Abstract
The continued development of enabling molecular technologies that can be employed to better understand viral replication and the action of currently available therapeutic agents promises to lead to the development of the next generation of drugs with improved therapeutic utility against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV). New therapeutic approaches have been developed for treating HIV and HCV infections, but key technical and therapeutic challenges must be addressed to further advance treatment options in each of these areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhteruzzaman Molla
- Antiviral Research, Global Pharmaceuticals Research & Development, Abbott Laboratories, Department R47D, Building AP52N, 200 Abbott Park Road, Abbott Park, IL 60064-6217, USA.
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49
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Mo H, Lu L, Dekhtyar T, Stewart KD, Sun E, Kempf DJ, Molla A. Characterization of resistant HIV variants generated by in vitro passage with lopinavir/ritonavir. Antiviral Res 2003; 59:173-80. [PMID: 12927307 DOI: 10.1016/s0166-3542(03)00107-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Lopinavir (LPV, formerly ABT-378) is an HIV protease inhibitor (PI) that is co-administered with a small amount of ritonavir (RTV), which greatly increases and sustains the plasma levels of LPV. Lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r) has shown potent antiviral activity in both therapy-nai;ve and PI-experienced patients. To assess the effect of pharmacologically relevant ratios of LPV/RTV (LPV/r) on the emergence of resistant HIV in vitro, HIV-1 pNL4-3 was passaged in the presence of increasing concentrations of LPV alone and LPV/r. Passages with fixed 5/1 and 15/1 concentration ratios of LPV/r initially selected I84V and I50V/M46I mutants, respectively. Selection with LPV alone also generated the same initial mutants (I50V/M46I) as the 15/1 LPV/r passage. Further passage produced other mutations previously found to be associated with PI-resistance. Phenotypic susceptibility to both LPV and RTV decreased with successive passages, irrespective of whether RTV was present in the selection experiment. Furthermore, in the two selection experiments that included RTV (at either 5/1 or 15/1 LPV/r ratio), the IC(50) of RTV at each passage evaluated was at least five-fold higher than the concentration of RTV employed at that passage, while the IC(50) of LPV toward the passaged virus was similar to the concentration of LPV used at that passage, indicating that the selective pressure was attributable to LPV and not RTV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Mo
- Global Pharmaceutical Research Development, Department R47D, Abbott Laboratories, Building AP52N, 200 Abbott Park Road, Abbott Park, IL 60064-6217, USA.
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Liu Y, Saldivar A, Bess J, Solomon L, Chen CM, Tripathi R, Barrett L, Richardson PL, Molla A, Kohlbrenner W, Kati W. Investigating the origin of the slow-binding inhibition of HCV NS3 serine protease by a novel substrate based inhibitor. Biochemistry 2003; 42:8862-9. [PMID: 12873147 DOI: 10.1021/bi034661v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Indandiones were identified as a novel class of small molecule inhibitors of hepatitis C virus NS3 serine protease from high throughput screening. We further studied the structure activity relationships and the mechanisms of inhibition for this class of compounds. Our studies revealed two similar, yet different, mechanisms accounting for the apparent indandione inhibition of HCV NS3 protease. In one case, the apparent inhibition results from the chemical breakdown of the parent compound and the subsequent redox chemistry of the compound. Oxidation of the cysteine containing substrate A to a disulfide-linked dimer converts this substrate to a potent, slow-binding inhibitor with a K(i) value of 170 nM. The second class of indandiones appears to react directly with the substrate to form an S-phenyl disulfide adduct with the P1 cysteine. This modification converts the substrate to a slow-binding inhibitor with a K(i) value of 110 nM, a k(on) = 2370 M(-1) s(-1), and k(off) = 2.5 x 10(-4) s(-1). A stable analogue of this latter compound was synthesized that contained a CH(2)-S linkage instead of the S-S linkage. The CH(2)-S compound showed no inhibition at concentrations as high as 40 microM, which suggests an important role for the S-S linkage in the inhibitory mechanism. Cysteine 159, which lies near the active site of the HCV protease, was mutated to serine. The C159S mutant displayed wild-type catalytic activity and susceptibility to inhibition by the S-S linked inhibitor. This result argues against a mechanism involving disulfide exchange between the inhibitor and the sulfhydryl group of C159. The mechanism of inhibition for this S-S linked substrate based inhibitor is likely due to oxidation of cysteines involved in chelation of the structural zinc atom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaya Liu
- Antiviral Department, Infectious Disease Research and Advanced Technology, Pharmaceutical Discovery, Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064-6217, USA.
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