1
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Liu L, Malagu K, Haughan AF, Khetarpal V, Stott AJ, Esmieu W, Vater HD, Webster SJ, Van de Poël AJ, Clissold C, Cosgrove B, Sutton B, Spencer JA, Breccia P, Gancia E, Bonomo S, Ladduwahetty T, Lazari O, Patel H, Atton HC, Clifton S, Mota DM, Magnani D, O'Neill A, Stebbeds M, Macabuag N, Todd D, Herva ME, Mitchell P, Visser M, Compte Sancerni S, Grand Moursel L, da Silva M, Kritikou E, Heikkinen TT, Bolkvadze T, Fodale V, Spadafora D, Daldin M, Bresciani A, Mangette JE, Doherty EM, Lee MR, Herbst T, Monteagudo E, Macdonald D, Plotnikov NV, Chambers M, McAllister G, Muňoz-Sanjuan I, Dominguez C. Identification and Optimization of RNA-Splicing Modulators as Huntingtin Protein-Lowering Agents for the Treatment of Huntington's Disease. J Med Chem 2023; 66:13205-13246. [PMID: 37712656 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is caused by an expanded CAG trinucleotide repeat in exon 1 of the huntingtin (HTT) gene. We report the design of a series of HTT pre-mRNA splicing modulators that lower huntingtin (HTT) protein, including the toxic mutant huntingtin (mHTT), by promoting insertion of a pseudoexon containing a premature termination codon at the exon 49-50 junction. The resulting transcript undergoes nonsense-mediated decay, leading to a reduction of HTT mRNA transcripts and protein levels. The starting benzamide core was modified to pyrazine amide and further optimized to give a potent, CNS-penetrant, and orally bioavailable HTT-splicing modulator 27. This compound reduced canonical splicing of the HTT RNA exon 49-50 and demonstrated significant HTT-lowering in both human HD stem cells and mouse BACHD models. Compound 27 is a structurally diverse HTT-splicing modulator that may help understand the mechanism of adverse effects such as peripheral neuropathy associated with branaplam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longbin Liu
- CHDI Management/CHDI Foundation, 6080 Center Drive, Los Angeles, California 90045, United States
| | - Karine Malagu
- Discovery from Charles River, Charles River, Chesterford Research Park, Saffron Walden CB10 1XL, U.K
| | - Alan F Haughan
- Discovery from Charles River, Charles River, Chesterford Research Park, Saffron Walden CB10 1XL, U.K
| | - Vinod Khetarpal
- CHDI Management/CHDI Foundation, 6080 Center Drive, Los Angeles, California 90045, United States
| | - Andrew J Stott
- Discovery from Charles River, Charles River, Chesterford Research Park, Saffron Walden CB10 1XL, U.K
| | - William Esmieu
- Discovery from Charles River, Charles River, Chesterford Research Park, Saffron Walden CB10 1XL, U.K
| | - Huw D Vater
- Discovery from Charles River, Charles River, Chesterford Research Park, Saffron Walden CB10 1XL, U.K
| | - Stephen J Webster
- Discovery from Charles River, Charles River, Chesterford Research Park, Saffron Walden CB10 1XL, U.K
| | - Amanda J Van de Poël
- Discovery from Charles River, Charles River, Chesterford Research Park, Saffron Walden CB10 1XL, U.K
| | - Cole Clissold
- Discovery from Charles River, Charles River, Chesterford Research Park, Saffron Walden CB10 1XL, U.K
| | - Brett Cosgrove
- Discovery from Charles River, Charles River, Chesterford Research Park, Saffron Walden CB10 1XL, U.K
| | - Benjamin Sutton
- Discovery from Charles River, Charles River, Chesterford Research Park, Saffron Walden CB10 1XL, U.K
| | - Jonathan A Spencer
- Discovery from Charles River, Charles River, Chesterford Research Park, Saffron Walden CB10 1XL, U.K
| | - Perla Breccia
- Discovery from Charles River, Charles River, Chesterford Research Park, Saffron Walden CB10 1XL, U.K
| | - Emanuela Gancia
- Discovery from Charles River, Charles River, Chesterford Research Park, Saffron Walden CB10 1XL, U.K
| | - Silvia Bonomo
- Discovery from Charles River, Charles River, Chesterford Research Park, Saffron Walden CB10 1XL, U.K
| | - Tammy Ladduwahetty
- Discovery from Charles River, Charles River, Chesterford Research Park, Saffron Walden CB10 1XL, U.K
| | - Ovadia Lazari
- Discovery from Charles River, Charles River, Chesterford Research Park, Saffron Walden CB10 1XL, U.K
| | - Hiral Patel
- Discovery from Charles River, Charles River, Chesterford Research Park, Saffron Walden CB10 1XL, U.K
| | - Helen C Atton
- Discovery from Charles River, Charles River, Chesterford Research Park, Saffron Walden CB10 1XL, U.K
| | - Steve Clifton
- Discovery from Charles River, Charles River, Chesterford Research Park, Saffron Walden CB10 1XL, U.K
| | - Daniel M Mota
- Discovery from Charles River, Charles River, Chesterford Research Park, Saffron Walden CB10 1XL, U.K
| | - Dario Magnani
- Discovery from Charles River, Charles River, Chesterford Research Park, Saffron Walden CB10 1XL, U.K
| | - Amy O'Neill
- Discovery from Charles River, Charles River, Chesterford Research Park, Saffron Walden CB10 1XL, U.K
| | - Marta Stebbeds
- Discovery from Charles River, Charles River, Chesterford Research Park, Saffron Walden CB10 1XL, U.K
| | - Natsuko Macabuag
- Discovery from Charles River, Charles River, Chesterford Research Park, Saffron Walden CB10 1XL, U.K
| | - Daniel Todd
- Discovery from Charles River, Charles River, Chesterford Research Park, Saffron Walden CB10 1XL, U.K
| | - Maria E Herva
- Discovery from Charles River, Charles River, Chesterford Research Park, Saffron Walden CB10 1XL, U.K
| | - Philip Mitchell
- Discovery from Charles River, Charles River, Chesterford Research Park, Saffron Walden CB10 1XL, U.K
| | - Mijke Visser
- Charles River, Darwinweg 24, 2333 CR Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Marta da Silva
- Charles River, Darwinweg 24, 2333 CR Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Eva Kritikou
- Charles River, Darwinweg 24, 2333 CR Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Elizabeth M Doherty
- CHDI Management/CHDI Foundation, 6080 Center Drive, Los Angeles, California 90045, United States
| | - Matthew R Lee
- CHDI Management/CHDI Foundation, 6080 Center Drive, Los Angeles, California 90045, United States
| | - Todd Herbst
- CHDI Management/CHDI Foundation, 6080 Center Drive, Los Angeles, California 90045, United States
| | - Edith Monteagudo
- CHDI Management/CHDI Foundation, 6080 Center Drive, Los Angeles, California 90045, United States
| | - Douglas Macdonald
- CHDI Management/CHDI Foundation, 6080 Center Drive, Los Angeles, California 90045, United States
| | - Nikolay V Plotnikov
- CHDI Management/CHDI Foundation, 6080 Center Drive, Los Angeles, California 90045, United States
| | - Mark Chambers
- Discovery from Charles River, Charles River, Chesterford Research Park, Saffron Walden CB10 1XL, U.K
| | - George McAllister
- CHDI Management/CHDI Foundation, 6080 Center Drive, Los Angeles, California 90045, United States
| | - Ignacio Muňoz-Sanjuan
- CHDI Management/CHDI Foundation, 6080 Center Drive, Los Angeles, California 90045, United States
| | - Celia Dominguez
- CHDI Management/CHDI Foundation, 6080 Center Drive, Los Angeles, California 90045, United States
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2
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Ladduwahetty T, Lee MR, Maillard MC, Cachope R, Todd D, Barnes M, Beaumont V, Chauhan A, Gallati C, Haughan AF, Kempf G, Luckhurst CA, Matthews K, McAllister G, Mitchell P, Patel H, Rose M, Saville-Stones E, Steinbacher S, Stott AJ, Thatcher E, Tierney J, Urbonas L, Munoz-Sanjuan I, Dominguez C. Identification of a Potent, Selective, and Brain-Penetrant Rho Kinase Inhibitor and its Activity in a Mouse Model of Huntington's Disease. J Med Chem 2022; 65:9819-9845. [PMID: 35816678 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The Rho kinase (ROCK) pathway is implicated in the pathogenesis of several conditions, including neurological diseases. In Huntington's disease (HD), ROCK is implicated in mutant huntingtin (HTT) aggregation and neurotoxicity, and members of the ROCK pathway are increased in HD mouse models and patients. To validate this mode of action as a potential treatment for HD, we sought a potent, selective, central nervous system (CNS)-penetrant ROCK inhibitor. Identifying a compound that could be dosed orally in mice with selectivity against other AGC kinases, including protein kinase G (PKG), whose inhibition could potentially activate the ROCK pathway, was paramount for the program. We describe the optimization of published ligands to identify a novel series of ROCK inhibitors based on a piperazine core. Morphing of the early series developed in-house by scaffold hopping enabled the identification of a compound exhibiting high potency and desired selectivity and demonstrating a robust pharmacodynamic (PD) effect by the inhibition of ROCK-mediated substrate (MYPT1) phosphorylation after oral dosing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tammy Ladduwahetty
- Discovery from Charles River, Chesterford Research Park, Saffron Walden CB10 1XL, U.K
| | - Matthew R Lee
- CHDI Management/CHDI Foundation, 6080 Center Drive, Los Angeles, California 90045, United States
| | - Michel C Maillard
- CHDI Management/CHDI Foundation, 6080 Center Drive, Los Angeles, California 90045, United States
| | - Roger Cachope
- CHDI Management/CHDI Foundation, 6080 Center Drive, Los Angeles, California 90045, United States
| | - Daniel Todd
- Discovery from Charles River, Chesterford Research Park, Saffron Walden CB10 1XL, U.K
| | - Michael Barnes
- Discovery from Charles River, Chesterford Research Park, Saffron Walden CB10 1XL, U.K
| | - Vahri Beaumont
- CHDI Management/CHDI Foundation, 6080 Center Drive, Los Angeles, California 90045, United States
| | - Alka Chauhan
- Discovery from Charles River, Chesterford Research Park, Saffron Walden CB10 1XL, U.K
| | - Caroline Gallati
- Discovery from Charles River, Chesterford Research Park, Saffron Walden CB10 1XL, U.K
| | - Alan F Haughan
- Discovery from Charles River, Chesterford Research Park, Saffron Walden CB10 1XL, U.K
| | - Georg Kempf
- Proteros Biostructures GmbH, Bunsenstr. 7a, D-82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | | | - Kim Matthews
- Discovery from Charles River, Chesterford Research Park, Saffron Walden CB10 1XL, U.K
| | - George McAllister
- Discovery from Charles River, Chesterford Research Park, Saffron Walden CB10 1XL, U.K
| | - Philip Mitchell
- Discovery from Charles River, Chesterford Research Park, Saffron Walden CB10 1XL, U.K
| | - Hiral Patel
- Discovery from Charles River, Chesterford Research Park, Saffron Walden CB10 1XL, U.K
| | - Mark Rose
- CHDI Management/CHDI Foundation, 6080 Center Drive, Los Angeles, California 90045, United States
| | | | - Stefan Steinbacher
- Proteros Biostructures GmbH, Bunsenstr. 7a, D-82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Andrew J Stott
- Discovery from Charles River, Chesterford Research Park, Saffron Walden CB10 1XL, U.K
| | - Emma Thatcher
- Discovery from Charles River, Chesterford Research Park, Saffron Walden CB10 1XL, U.K
| | - Jason Tierney
- Discovery from Charles River, Chesterford Research Park, Saffron Walden CB10 1XL, U.K
| | - Liudvikas Urbonas
- Discovery from Charles River, Chesterford Research Park, Saffron Walden CB10 1XL, U.K
| | - Ignacio Munoz-Sanjuan
- CHDI Management/CHDI Foundation, 6080 Center Drive, Los Angeles, California 90045, United States
| | - Celia Dominguez
- CHDI Management/CHDI Foundation, 6080 Center Drive, Los Angeles, California 90045, United States
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3
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Stott AJ, Maillard MC, Beaumont V, Allcock D, Aziz O, Borchers AH, Blackaby W, Breccia P, Creighton-Gutteridge G, Haughan AF, Jarvis RE, Luckhurst CA, Matthews KL, McAllister G, Pollack S, Saville-Stones E, Van de Poël AJ, Vater HD, Vann J, Williams R, Yates D, Muñoz-Sanjuán I, Dominguez C. Evaluation of 5-(Trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole-Based Class IIa HDAC Inhibitors for Huntington's Disease. ACS Med Chem Lett 2021; 12:380-388. [PMID: 33738065 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.0c00532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Using an iterative structure-activity relationship driven approach, we identified a CNS-penetrant 5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole (TFMO, 12) with a pharmacokinetic profile suitable for probing class IIa histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibition in vivo. Given the lack of understanding of endogenous class IIa HDAC substrates, we developed a surrogate readout to measure compound effects in vivo, by exploiting the >100-fold selectivity compound 12 exhibits over class I/IIb HDACs. We achieved adequate brain exposure with compound 12 in mice to estimate a class I/IIb deacetylation EC50, using class I substrate H4K12 acetylation and global acetylation levels as a pharmacodynamic readout. We observed excellent correlation between the compound 12 in vivo pharmacodynamic response and in vitro class I/IIb cellular activity. Applying the same relationship to class IIa HDAC inhibition, we estimated the compound 12 dose required to inhibit class IIa HDAC activity, for use in preclinical models of Huntington's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. Stott
- Charles River Discovery, Chesterford Research Park, Saffron Walden, Essex CB10 1XL, United Kingdom
| | - Michel C. Maillard
- CHDI Management/CHDI Foundation Inc., 6080 Center Drive, Suite 700, Los Angeles, California 90045, United States
| | - Vahri Beaumont
- CHDI Management/CHDI Foundation Inc., 6080 Center Drive, Suite 700, Los Angeles, California 90045, United States
| | - David Allcock
- Charles River Discovery, Chesterford Research Park, Saffron Walden, Essex CB10 1XL, United Kingdom
| | - Omar Aziz
- Charles River Discovery, Chesterford Research Park, Saffron Walden, Essex CB10 1XL, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander H. Borchers
- CHDI Management/CHDI Foundation Inc., 6080 Center Drive, Suite 700, Los Angeles, California 90045, United States
| | - Wesley Blackaby
- Charles River Discovery, Chesterford Research Park, Saffron Walden, Essex CB10 1XL, United Kingdom
| | - Perla Breccia
- Charles River Discovery, Chesterford Research Park, Saffron Walden, Essex CB10 1XL, United Kingdom
| | | | - Alan F. Haughan
- Charles River Discovery, Chesterford Research Park, Saffron Walden, Essex CB10 1XL, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca E. Jarvis
- Charles River Discovery, Chesterford Research Park, Saffron Walden, Essex CB10 1XL, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher A. Luckhurst
- Charles River Discovery, Chesterford Research Park, Saffron Walden, Essex CB10 1XL, United Kingdom
| | - Kim L. Matthews
- Charles River Discovery, Chesterford Research Park, Saffron Walden, Essex CB10 1XL, United Kingdom
| | - George McAllister
- Charles River Discovery, Chesterford Research Park, Saffron Walden, Essex CB10 1XL, United Kingdom
| | - Scott Pollack
- Charles River Discovery, Chesterford Research Park, Saffron Walden, Essex CB10 1XL, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth Saville-Stones
- Charles River Discovery, Chesterford Research Park, Saffron Walden, Essex CB10 1XL, United Kingdom
| | - Amanda J. Van de Poël
- Charles River Discovery, Chesterford Research Park, Saffron Walden, Essex CB10 1XL, United Kingdom
| | - Huw D. Vater
- Charles River Discovery, Chesterford Research Park, Saffron Walden, Essex CB10 1XL, United Kingdom
| | - Julie Vann
- Charles River Discovery, Chesterford Research Park, Saffron Walden, Essex CB10 1XL, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Williams
- Charles River Discovery, Chesterford Research Park, Saffron Walden, Essex CB10 1XL, United Kingdom
| | - Dawn Yates
- Charles River Discovery, Chesterford Research Park, Saffron Walden, Essex CB10 1XL, United Kingdom
| | - Ignacio Muñoz-Sanjuán
- CHDI Management/CHDI Foundation Inc., 6080 Center Drive, Suite 700, Los Angeles, California 90045, United States
| | - Celia Dominguez
- CHDI Management/CHDI Foundation Inc., 6080 Center Drive, Suite 700, Los Angeles, California 90045, United States
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4
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Luckhurst CA, Aziz O, Beaumont V, Bürli RW, Breccia P, Maillard MC, Haughan AF, Lamers M, Leonard P, Matthews KL, Raphy G, Stott AJ, Munoz-Sanjuan I, Thomas B, Wall M, Wishart G, Yates D, Dominguez C. Development and characterization of a CNS-penetrant benzhydryl hydroxamic acid class IIa histone deacetylase inhibitor. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 29:83-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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5
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Penrose SD, Stott AJ, Breccia P, Haughan AF, Bürli RW, Jarvis RE, Dominguez C. Inter- and intramolecular annulation strategies to a cyclopentanone building block containing an all-carbon quaternary stereogenic center. Org Lett 2015; 17:1401-4. [PMID: 25720587 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b00207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of (S)-2-methyl-3-fluorophenyl cyclopentanone methyl ester (1S)-1 has been achieved by both inter- and intramolecular alkylation reactions on multigram scale, using chiral pool reagents. The intramolecular variant is a novel example of a chiral bis-electrophile reacting with a carbon nucleophile to form an enantiomerically pure all-carbon quaternary center.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen D Penrose
- †BioFocus, a Charles River Company, Chesterford Research Park, Saffron Walden, Essex, CB10 1XL, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J Stott
- †BioFocus, a Charles River Company, Chesterford Research Park, Saffron Walden, Essex, CB10 1XL, United Kingdom
| | - Perla Breccia
- †BioFocus, a Charles River Company, Chesterford Research Park, Saffron Walden, Essex, CB10 1XL, United Kingdom
| | - Alan F Haughan
- †BioFocus, a Charles River Company, Chesterford Research Park, Saffron Walden, Essex, CB10 1XL, United Kingdom
| | - Roland W Bürli
- †BioFocus, a Charles River Company, Chesterford Research Park, Saffron Walden, Essex, CB10 1XL, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca E Jarvis
- †BioFocus, a Charles River Company, Chesterford Research Park, Saffron Walden, Essex, CB10 1XL, United Kingdom
| | - Celia Dominguez
- ‡CHDI Management/CHDI Foundation Inc., 6080 Center Drive, Suite 100, Los Angeles, California 90045, United States
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6
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Bürli RW, Luckhurst CA, Aziz O, Matthews KL, Yates D, Lyons KA, Beconi M, McAllister G, Breccia P, Stott AJ, Penrose SD, Wall M, Lamers M, Leonard P, Müller I, Richardson CM, Jarvis R, Stones L, Hughes S, Wishart G, Haughan AF, O'Connell C, Mead T, McNeil H, Vann J, Mangette J, Maillard M, Beaumont V, Munoz-Sanjuan I, Dominguez C. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of potent and selective class IIa histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors as a potential therapy for Huntington's disease. J Med Chem 2013; 56:9934-54. [PMID: 24261862 DOI: 10.1021/jm4011884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of class IIa histone deacetylase (HDAC) enzymes have been suggested as a therapeutic strategy for a number of diseases, including Huntington's disease. Catalytic-site small molecule inhibitors of the class IIa HDAC4, -5, -7, and -9 were developed. These trisubstituted diarylcyclopropanehydroxamic acids were designed to exploit a lower pocket that is characteristic for the class IIa HDACs, not present in other HDAC classes. Selected inhibitors were cocrystallized with the catalytic domain of human HDAC4. We describe the first HDAC4 catalytic domain crystal structure in a "closed-loop" form, which in our view represents the biologically relevant conformation. We have demonstrated that these molecules can differentiate class IIa HDACs from class I and class IIb subtypes. They exhibited pharmacokinetic properties that should enable the assessment of their therapeutic benefit in both peripheral and CNS disorders. These selective inhibitors provide a means for evaluating potential efficacy in preclinical models in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland W Bürli
- BioFocus , Chesterford Research Park, Saffron Walden, Essex, CB10 1XL, United Kingdom
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7
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Beconi M, Aziz O, Matthews K, Moumné L, O’Connell C, Yates D, Clifton S, Pett H, Vann J, Crowley L, Haughan AF, Smith DL, Woodman B, Bates GP, Brookfield F, Bürli RW, McAllister G, Dominguez C, Munoz-Sanjuan I, Beaumont V. Oral administration of the pimelic diphenylamide HDAC inhibitor HDACi 4b is unsuitable for chronic inhibition of HDAC activity in the CNS in vivo. PLoS One 2012; 7:e44498. [PMID: 22973455 PMCID: PMC3433414 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2011] [Accepted: 08/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors have received considerable attention as potential therapeutics for a variety of cancers and neurological disorders. Recent publications on a class of pimelic diphenylamide HDAC inhibitors have highlighted their promise in the treatment of the neurodegenerative diseases Friedreich’s ataxia and Huntington’s disease, based on efficacy in cell and mouse models. These studies’ authors have proposed that the unique action of these compounds compared to hydroxamic acid-based HDAC inhibitors results from their unusual slow-on/slow-off kinetics of binding, preferentially to HDAC3, resulting in a distinctive pharmacological profile and reduced toxicity. Here, we evaluate the HDAC subtype selectivity, cellular activity, absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME) properties, as well as the central pharmacodynamic profile of one such compound, HDACi 4b, previously described to show efficacy in vivo in the R6/2 mouse model of Huntington’s disease. Based on our data reported here, we conclude that while the in vitro selectivity and binding mode are largely in agreement with previous reports, the physicochemical properties, metabolic and p-glycoprotein (Pgp) substrate liability of HDACi 4b render this compound suboptimal to investigate central Class I HDAC inhibition in vivo in mouse per oral administration. A drug administration regimen using HDACi 4b dissolved in drinking water was used in the previous proof of concept study, casting doubt on the validation of CNS HDAC3 inhibition as a target for the treatment of Huntington’s disease. We highlight physicochemical stability and metabolic issues with 4b that are likely intrinsic liabilities of the benzamide chemotype in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Beconi
- CHDI Management/CHDI Foundation Inc., Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Omar Aziz
- BioFocus, Saffron Walden, Essex, United Kingdom
| | | | - Lara Moumné
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Dawn Yates
- BioFocus, Saffron Walden, Essex, United Kingdom
| | | | - Hannah Pett
- BioFocus, Saffron Walden, Essex, United Kingdom
| | - Julie Vann
- BioFocus, Saffron Walden, Essex, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Donna L. Smith
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ben Woodman
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gillian P. Bates
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Celia Dominguez
- CHDI Management/CHDI Foundation Inc., Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Ignacio Munoz-Sanjuan
- CHDI Management/CHDI Foundation Inc., Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Vahri Beaumont
- CHDI Management/CHDI Foundation Inc., Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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8
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Abstract
Until the recent advent of genetically engineered drugs, small molecules constituted the predominant method of treatment for autoimmune diseases. Both modalities have advantages and disadvantages; while protein-based therapeutics interfere very selectively with the function of their biological targets, they have to be administered subcutaneously or intravenously. Small molecules have the potential for oral administration. Due to their cell permeability, they can interact with extra- and intracellular targets, thus opening opportunities for interfering with novel biochemical pathways. We herein describe the preclinical stages of typical small-molecule research programmes and outline hurdles that may have to be overcome. A few examples of small molecules that are currently under clinical evaluation and arose from diverse discovery pathways will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland W Bürli
- BioFocus, Chesterford Research Park, Saffron Walden, Essex, CB10 1XL, UK.
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9
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Alam M, Beevers RE, Ceska T, Davenport RJ, Dickson KM, Fortunato M, Gowers L, Haughan AF, James LA, Jones MW, Kinsella N, Lowe C, Meissner JWG, Nicolas AL, Perry BG, Phillips DJ, Pitt WR, Platt A, Ratcliffe AJ, Sharpe A, Tait LJ. Synthesis and SAR of aminopyrimidines as novel c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:3463-7. [PMID: 17459703 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.03.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2007] [Revised: 03/23/2007] [Accepted: 03/24/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The development of a series of novel aminopyrimidines as inhibitors of c-Jun N-terminal kinases is described. The synthesis, in vitro inhibitory values for JNK1, JNK2 and CDK2, and the in vitro inhibitory value for a c-Jun cellular assay are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahbub Alam
- UCB, Granta Park, Great Abington, Cambridge CB21 6GS, UK
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10
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11
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Beevers RE, Buckley GM, Davies N, Fraser JL, Galvin FC, Hannah DR, Haughan AF, Jenkins K, Mack SR, Pitt WR, Ratcliffe AJ, Richard MD, Sabin V, Sharpe A, Williams SC. Low molecular weight indole fragments as IMPDH inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2006; 16:2535-8. [PMID: 16483769 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.01.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2005] [Revised: 01/19/2006] [Accepted: 01/19/2006] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The study of non-oxazole containing indole fragments as inhibitors of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) is described. The synthesis and in vitro inhibitory values for IMPDH II are discussed.
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12
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Beevers RE, Buckley GM, Davies N, Fraser JL, Galvin FC, Hannah DR, Haughan AF, Jenkins K, Mack SR, Pitt WR, Ratcliffe AJ, Richard MD, Sabin V, Sharpe A, Williams SC. Novel indole inhibitors of IMPDH from fragments: synthesis and initial structure-activity relationships. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2006; 16:2539-42. [PMID: 16483773 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.01.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2005] [Revised: 01/19/2006] [Accepted: 01/19/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The elaboration of previously reported indole fragments as inhibitors of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) is described. The synthesis, in vitro inhibitory values for IMPDH II, PBMC proliferation and physicochemical properties are discussed.
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13
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Birch HL, Buckley GM, Davies N, Dyke HJ, Frost EJ, Gilbert PJ, Hannah DR, Haughan AF, Madigan MJ, Morgan T, Pitt WR, Ratcliffe AJ, Ray NC, Richard MD, Sharpe A, Taylor AJ, Whitworth JM, Williams SC. Novel 7-methoxy-6-oxazol-5-yl-2,3-dihydro-1H-quinazolin-4-ones as IMPDH inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2005; 15:5335-9. [PMID: 16202581 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2005.06.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2004] [Revised: 06/02/2005] [Accepted: 06/23/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and biological activity of a novel series of 7-methoxy-6-oxazol-5-yl-2,3-dihydro-1H-quinazolin-4-ones are described. Some of these compounds were found to be potent inhibitors of inosine 5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase type II (IMPDH II).
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen L Birch
- UCB Celltech, Granta Park, Great Abington, Cambridge, CB1 6GS, UK
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14
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Buckley GM, Davies N, Dyke HJ, Gilbert PJ, Hannah DR, Haughan AF, Hunt CA, Pitt WR, Profit RH, Ray NC, Richard MD, Sharpe A, Taylor AJ, Whitworth JM, Williams SC. Quinazolinethiones and quinazolinediones, novel inhibitors of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase: synthesis and initial structure-activity relationships. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2005; 15:751-4. [PMID: 15664851 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2004.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2004] [Revised: 11/02/2004] [Accepted: 11/04/2004] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The development of a series of novel quinazolinethiones and quinazolinediones as inhibitors of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) is described. The synthesis, in vitro inhibitory values for IMPDH II and in vitro inhibitory value for PBMC proliferation are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- George M Buckley
- Celltech R and D, Granta Park, Great Abington, Cambridge CB1 6GS, UK
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15
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Buckley GM, Cooper N, Dyke HJ, Galleway FP, Gowers L, Haughan AF, Kendall HJ, Lowe C, Maxey R, Montana JG, Naylor R, Oxford J, Peake JC, Picken CL, Runcie KA, Sabin V, Sharpe A, Warneck JBH. 8-Methoxyquinoline-5-carboxamides as PDE4 inhibitors: a potential treatment for asthma. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2002; 12:1613-5. [PMID: 12039574 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(02)00223-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A series of bicyclic heteroaryl ring systems was considered as a replacement for the 3-cyclopentyloxy-4-methoxyphenyl moiety in rolipram resulting in the discovery of 8-methoxyquinoline-5-carboxamides as potent inhibitors of phosphodiesterase type 4 (PDE4).
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Affiliation(s)
- George M Buckley
- Celltech R&D, Granta Park, Great Abington, Cambridge CB1 6GS, UK
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16
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Billah M, Cooper N, Cuss F, Davenport RJ, Dyke HJ, Egan R, Ganguly A, Gowers L, Hannah DR, Haughan AF, Kendall HJ, Lowe C, Minnicozzi M, Montana JG, Naylor R, Oxford J, Peake JC, Piwinski JJ, Runcie KA, Sabin V, Sharpe A, Shih NY, Warneck JBH. Synthesis and profile of SCH351591, a novel PDE4 inhibitor. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2002; 12:1621-3. [PMID: 12039576 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(02)00225-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The syntheses and pharmacological profiles of some 2-trifluoromethyl-8-methoxyquinoline-5-carboxamides are described. SCH351591 is a potent selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterase type 4 (PDE4).
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Affiliation(s)
- Motasim Billah
- Schering-Plough Corporation, Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033-0530, USA
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17
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Billah M, Buckley GM, Cooper N, Dyke HJ, Egan R, Ganguly A, Gowers L, Haughan AF, Kendall HJ, Lowe C, Minnicozzi M, Montana JG, Oxford J, Peake JC, Picken CL, Piwinski JJ, Naylor R, Sabin V, Shih NY, Warneck JBH. 8-Methoxyquinolines as PDE4 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2002; 12:1617-9. [PMID: 12039575 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(02)00224-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and pharmacological profile of a novel series of 2-substituted 8-methoxyquinolines is described. The 2-trifluoromethyl compound was found to be a potent inhibitor of phosphodiesterase type 4 (PDE4).
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Affiliation(s)
- Motasim Billah
- Schering-Plough Corporation, Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033-0530, USA
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18
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Buckley GM, Cooper N, Davenport RJ, Dyke HJ, Galleway FP, Gowers L, Haughan AF, Kendall HJ, Lowe C, Montana JG, Oxford J, Peake JC, Picken CL, Richard MD, Sabin V, Sharpe A, Warneck JBH. 7-Methoxyfuro[2,3-c]pyridine-4-carboxamides as PDE4 inhibitors: a potential treatment for asthma. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2002; 12:509-12. [PMID: 11814830 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(01)00786-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and pharmacological profile of a novel series of 7-methoxy-furo[2,3-c]pyridine-4-carboxamides is described. Some of these compounds were found to be potent inhibitors of phosphodiesterase type 4 (PDE4).
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Affiliation(s)
- George M Buckley
- Celltech R & D, Granta Park, Great Abington, Cambridge CB1 6GS, UK
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19
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Barnes MJ, Cooper N, Davenport RJ, Dyke HJ, Galleway FP, Galvin FC, Gowers L, Haughan AF, Lowe C, Meissner JW, Montana JG, Morgan T, Picken CL, Watson RJ. Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of guanine analogues as phosphodiesterase 7 (PDE7) inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2001; 11:1081-3. [PMID: 11327595 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(01)00125-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of a novel series of guanine analogues is reported. The compounds have been assessed in vitro and some analogues have been found to be inhibitors of phosphodiesterase type 7 (PDE7).
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Barnes
- Celltech R & D, Granta Park, Great Abington, Cambridge, UK
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20
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Buckley G, Cooper N, Dyke HJ, Galleway F, Gowers L, Gregory JC, Hannah DR, Haughan AF, Hellewell PG, Kendall HJ, Lowe C, Maxey R, Montana JG, Naylor R, Picken CL, Runcie KA, Sabin V, Tuladhar BR, Warneck JB. 7-Methoxybenzofuran-4-carboxamides as PDE 4 inhibitors: a potential treatment for asthma. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2000; 10:2137-40. [PMID: 10999488 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(00)00426-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and pharmacological profile of a novel series of 7-methoxybenzofuran-4-carboxamides is described. Some of these compounds were found to be potent inhibitors of phosphodiesterase type 4 (PDE4).
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Affiliation(s)
- G Buckley
- Celltech-Chiroscience Ltd, Abington, Cambridge, UK
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21
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Beasley SC, Cooper N, Gowers L, Gregory JP, Haughan AF, Hellewell PG, Macari D, Miotla J, Montana JG, Morgan T, Naylor R, Runcie KA, Tuladhar B, Warneck JB. Synthesis and evaluation of a novel series of phosphodiesterase IV inhibitors. A potential treatment for asthma. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1998; 8:2629-34. [PMID: 9873593 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(98)00490-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and pharmacological profile of a novel series of potent and selective phosphodiesterase type IV (PDE IV) inhibitors is described.
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22
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23
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Bange J, Haughan AF, Sweeney J. Diastereospecific hydroxyiodination of 1-acetoxycyclohex-2-ene via intramolecular delivery of oxygen. Tetrahedron Lett 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)76230-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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24
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