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Faille A, Dent KC, Pellegrino S, Jaako P, Warren AJ. The chemical landscape of the human ribosome at 1.67 Å resolution. bioRxiv 2023:2023.02.28.530191. [PMID: 36909531 PMCID: PMC10002709 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.28.530191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
The ability of ribosomes to translate the genetic code into protein requires a finely tuned ion and solvent ecosystem. However, the lack of high-resolution structures has precluded accurate positioning of all the functional elements of the ribosome and limited our understanding of the specific role of ribosomal RNA chemical modifications in modulating ribosome function in health and disease. Here, using a new sample preparation methodology based on functionalised pristine graphene-coated grids, we solve the cryo-EM structure of the human large ribosomal subunit to a resolution of 1.67 Å. The accurate assignment of water molecules, magnesium and potassium ions in our model highlights the fundamental biological role of ribosomal RNA methylation in harnessing unconventional carbon-oxygen hydrogen bonds to establish chemical interactions with the environment and fine-tune the functional interplay with tRNA. In addition, the structures of three translational inhibitors bound to the human large ribosomal subunit at better than 2 Å resolution provide mechanistic insights into how three key druggable pockets of the ribosome are targeted and illustrate the potential of this methodology to accelerate high-throughput structure-based design of anti-cancer therapeutics.
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2
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Faille A, Warren AJ. Teaching old drugs new tricks. eLife 2022; 11:e84702. [PMID: 36480270 PMCID: PMC9731568 DOI: 10.7554/elife.84702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the mechanism by which streptomycin binds to the small subunit of the mitoribosome may help researchers design less toxic derivatives of this antibiotic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Faille
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Alan J Warren
- The Department of Haematology, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
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3
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Tan S, Kermasson L, Hilcenko C, Kargas V, Traynor D, Boukerrou AZ, Escudero-Urquijo N, Faille A, Bertrand A, Rossmann M, Goyenechea B, Jin L, Moreil J, Alibeu O, Beaupain B, Bôle-Feysot C, Fumagalli S, Kaltenbach S, Martignoles JA, Masson C, Nitschké P, Parisot M, Pouliet A, Radford-Weiss I, Tores F, de Villartay JP, Zarhrate M, Koh AL, Phua KB, Reversade B, Bond PJ, Bellanné-Chantelot C, Callebaut I, Delhommeau F, Donadieu J, Warren AJ, Revy P. Publisher Correction: Somatic genetic rescue of a germline ribosome assembly defect. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3574. [PMID: 35732670 PMCID: PMC9217931 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31316-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shengjiang Tan
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge Biomedical Campus Keith Peters Building, Hills Rd, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Laëtitia Kermasson
- Université de Paris, Imagine Institute, Laboratory of Genome Dynamics in the Immune System, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris, France
| | - Christine Hilcenko
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge Biomedical Campus Keith Peters Building, Hills Rd, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Vasileios Kargas
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge Biomedical Campus Keith Peters Building, Hills Rd, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - David Traynor
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge Biomedical Campus Keith Peters Building, Hills Rd, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ahmed Z Boukerrou
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge Biomedical Campus Keith Peters Building, Hills Rd, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Norberto Escudero-Urquijo
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge Biomedical Campus Keith Peters Building, Hills Rd, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alexandre Faille
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge Biomedical Campus Keith Peters Building, Hills Rd, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alexis Bertrand
- Université de Paris, Imagine Institute, Laboratory of Genome Dynamics in the Immune System, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris, France
| | - Maxim Rossmann
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge Biomedical Campus Keith Peters Building, Hills Rd, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Beatriz Goyenechea
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK.,PolyProx Therapeutics, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Li Jin
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK.,MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jonathan Moreil
- Université de Paris, Imagine Institute, Laboratory of Genome Dynamics in the Immune System, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Alibeu
- INSERM Unité Mixte de Recherche 1163, Structure Fédérative de Recherche Necker INSERM US24/CNRS UMS3633, Genomic Core Facility, Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Blandine Beaupain
- French Neutropenia Registry, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Trousseau Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Christine Bôle-Feysot
- INSERM Unité Mixte de Recherche 1163, Structure Fédérative de Recherche Necker INSERM US24/CNRS UMS3633, Genomic Core Facility, Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Stefano Fumagalli
- Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Paris, France.,INSERM, U1151, Université Paris Descartes Sorbonne Cité, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Kaltenbach
- Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de Médecine Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Service de cytogénétique, Hôpital Necker, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Alain Martignoles
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Hématologie Biologique, Paris, France
| | - Cécile Masson
- INSERM Unité Mixte de Recherche 1163, Bioinformatics Platform, Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Patrick Nitschké
- INSERM Unité Mixte de Recherche 1163, Bioinformatics Platform, Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Mélanie Parisot
- INSERM Unité Mixte de Recherche 1163, Structure Fédérative de Recherche Necker INSERM US24/CNRS UMS3633, Genomic Core Facility, Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Aurore Pouliet
- INSERM Unité Mixte de Recherche 1163, Structure Fédérative de Recherche Necker INSERM US24/CNRS UMS3633, Genomic Core Facility, Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Radford-Weiss
- Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de Médecine Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Service de cytogénétique, Hôpital Necker, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Tores
- INSERM Unité Mixte de Recherche 1163, Bioinformatics Platform, Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Pierre de Villartay
- Université de Paris, Imagine Institute, Laboratory of Genome Dynamics in the Immune System, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris, France
| | - Mohammed Zarhrate
- INSERM Unité Mixte de Recherche 1163, Structure Fédérative de Recherche Necker INSERM US24/CNRS UMS3633, Genomic Core Facility, Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Ai Ling Koh
- Department of Paediatrics, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.,SingHealth Duke-NUS Genomic Medicine Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kong Boo Phua
- Department of Paediatrics, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.,SingHealth Duke-NUS Genomic Medicine Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bruno Reversade
- Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, Biopolis, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Peter J Bond
- Bioinformatics Institute (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Isabelle Callebaut
- Sorbonne Université, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, UMR CNRS 7590, Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie, IMPMC, Paris, France
| | - François Delhommeau
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Hématologie Biologique, Paris, France
| | - Jean Donadieu
- Service d'Hémato-Oncologie Pédiatrique, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris Hôpital Trousseau, Registre des neutropénies-Centre de référence des neutropénies chroniques, Paris, France
| | - Alan J Warren
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge Biomedical Campus Keith Peters Building, Hills Rd, Cambridge, United Kingdom. .,Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK. .,Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Patrick Revy
- Université de Paris, Imagine Institute, Laboratory of Genome Dynamics in the Immune System, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris, France.
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Cantilena S, Gasparoli L, Pal D, Heidenreich O, Klusmann J, Martens JHA, Faille A, Warren AJ, Karsa M, Pandher R, Somers K, Williams O, de Boer J. Direct targeted therapy for MLL-fusion-driven high-risk acute leukaemias. Clin Transl Med 2022; 12:e933. [PMID: 35730653 PMCID: PMC9214753 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Improving the poor prognosis of infant leukaemias remains an unmet clinical need. This disease is a prototypical fusion oncoprotein-driven paediatric cancer, with MLL (KMT2A)-fusions present in most cases. Direct targeting of these driving oncoproteins represents a unique therapeutic opportunity. This rationale led us to initiate a drug screening with the aim of discovering drugs that can block MLL-fusion oncoproteins. METHODS A screen for inhibition of MLL-fusion proteins was developed that overcomes the traditional limitations of targeting transcription factors. This luciferase reporter-based screen, together with a secondary western blot screen, was used to prioritize compounds. We characterized the lead compound, disulfiram (DSF), based on its efficient ablation of MLL-fusion proteins. The consequences of drug-induced MLL-fusion inhibition were confirmed by cell proliferation, colony formation, apoptosis assays, RT-qPCR, in vivo assays, RNA-seq and ChIP-qPCR and ChIP-seq analysis. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS Drug-induced inhibition of MLL-fusion proteins by DSF resulted in a specific block of colony formation in MLL-rearranged cells in vitro, induced differentiation and impeded leukaemia progression in vivo. Mechanistically, DSF abrogates MLL-fusion protein binding to DNA, resulting in epigenetic changes and down-regulation of leukaemic programmes setup by the MLL-fusion protein. CONCLUSION DSF can directly inhibit MLL-fusion proteins and demonstrate antitumour activity both in vitro and in vivo, providing, to our knowledge, the first evidence for a therapy that directly targets the initiating oncogenic MLL-fusion protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Cantilena
- Cancer Section, Development Biology and Cancer ProgrammeUCL GOS Institute of Child HealthLondonUK
| | - Luca Gasparoli
- Cancer Section, Development Biology and Cancer ProgrammeUCL GOS Institute of Child HealthLondonUK
| | - Deepali Pal
- Newcastle Cancer Centre at the Northern Institute for Cancer ResearchNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - Olaf Heidenreich
- Newcastle Cancer Centre at the Northern Institute for Cancer ResearchNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | | | - Joost H. A. Martens
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life SciencesRadboud UniversityNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Alexandre Faille
- Cambridge Institute for Medical ResearchCambridgeUK
- Department of HaematologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Wellcome Trust–Medical Research Council Stem Cell InstituteUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Alan J. Warren
- Cambridge Institute for Medical ResearchCambridgeUK
- Department of HaematologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Wellcome Trust–Medical Research Council Stem Cell InstituteUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Mawar Karsa
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research InstituteUniversity of New South WalesRandwickNew South WalesAustralia
- School of Women's and Children's HealthUniversity of New South WalesRandwickNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Ruby Pandher
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research InstituteUniversity of New South WalesRandwickNew South WalesAustralia
- School of Women's and Children's HealthUniversity of New South WalesRandwickNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Klaartje Somers
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research InstituteUniversity of New South WalesRandwickNew South WalesAustralia
- School of Women's and Children's HealthUniversity of New South WalesRandwickNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Owen Williams
- Cancer Section, Development Biology and Cancer ProgrammeUCL GOS Institute of Child HealthLondonUK
| | - Jasper de Boer
- Cancer Section, Development Biology and Cancer ProgrammeUCL GOS Institute of Child HealthLondonUK
- Present address:
Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre AllianceMelbourneAustralia
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Jaako P, Faille A, Tan S, Wong CC, Escudero-Urquijo N, Castro-Hartmann P, Wright P, Hilcenko C, Adams DJ, Warren AJ. eIF6 rebinding dynamically couples ribosome maturation and translation. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1562. [PMID: 35322020 PMCID: PMC8943182 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29214-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein synthesis is a cyclical process consisting of translation initiation, elongation, termination and ribosome recycling. The release factors SBDS and EFL1—both mutated in the leukemia predisposition disorder Shwachman-Diamond syndrome — license entry of nascent 60S ribosomal subunits into active translation by evicting the anti-association factor eIF6 from the 60S intersubunit face. We find that in mammalian cells, eIF6 holds all free cytoplasmic 60S subunits in a translationally inactive state and that SBDS and EFL1 are the minimal components required to recycle these 60S subunits back into additional rounds of translation by evicting eIF6. Increasing the dose of eIF6 in mice in vivo impairs terminal erythropoiesis by sequestering post-termination 60S subunits in the cytoplasm, disrupting subunit joining and attenuating global protein synthesis. These data reveal that ribosome maturation and recycling are dynamically coupled by a mechanism that is disrupted in an inherited leukemia predisposition disorder. Jaako et al. discover a conserved tier of translational control that dynamically couples ribosome assembly and recycling. This mechanism is corrupted in an inherited bone marrow failure disorder associated with an increased risk of blood cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pekka Jaako
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Keith Peters Building, Hills Rd, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK.,Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK.,Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK.,Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, 413 90, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Alexandre Faille
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Keith Peters Building, Hills Rd, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK.,Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK.,Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Shengjiang Tan
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Keith Peters Building, Hills Rd, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK.,Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK.,Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Chi C Wong
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Keith Peters Building, Hills Rd, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK.,Department of Pathology, Cambridge University Hospitals, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Norberto Escudero-Urquijo
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Keith Peters Building, Hills Rd, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK.,Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK.,Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Pablo Castro-Hartmann
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Keith Peters Building, Hills Rd, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK.,Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK.,Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Penny Wright
- Department of Pathology, Cambridge University Hospitals, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Christine Hilcenko
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Keith Peters Building, Hills Rd, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK.,Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK.,Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
| | - David J Adams
- Experimental Cancer Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Alan J Warren
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Keith Peters Building, Hills Rd, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK. .,Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK. .,Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK.
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Portet A, Galinier R, Lassalle D, Faille A, Gourbal B, Duval D. Hemocyte siRNA uptake is increased by 5' cholesterol-TEG addition in Biomphalaria glabrata, snail vector of schistosome. PeerJ 2021; 9:e10895. [PMID: 33665030 PMCID: PMC7908872 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomphalaria glabrata is one of the snail intermediate hosts of Schistosoma mansoni, the causative agent of intestinal schistosomiasis disease. Numerous molecular studies using comparative approaches between susceptible and resistant snails to S. mansoni infection have helped identify numerous snail key candidates supporting such susceptible/resistant status. The functional approach using RNA interference (RNAi) remains crucial to validate the function of such candidates. CRISPR-Cas systems are still under development in many laboratories, and RNA interference remains the best tool to study B. glabrata snail genetics. Herein, we describe the use of modified small interfering RNA (siRNA) molecules to enhance cell delivery, especially into hemocytes, the snail immune cells. Modification of siRNA with 5′ Cholesteryl TriEthylene Glycol (Chol-TEG) promotes cellular uptake by hemocytes, nearly eightfold over that of unmodified siRNA. FACS analysis reveals that more than 50% of hemocytes have internalized Chol-TEG siRNA conjugated to Cy3 fluorophores, 2 hours only after in vivo injection into snails. Chol-TEG siRNA targeting BgTEP1 (ThioEster-containing Protein), a parasite binding protein, reduced BgTEP1 transcript expression by 70–80% compared to control. The level of BgTEP1 protein secreted in the hemolymph was also decreased. However, despite the BgTEP1 knock-down at both RNA and protein levels, snail compatibility with its sympatric parasite is not affected suggesting functional redundancy among the BgTEP genes family in snail-schistosoma interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaïs Portet
- IHPE UMR 5244, CNRS, IFREMER, University of Montpellier, University of Perpignan, Perpignan, France.,Department of Medicine, Molecular Immunity Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Galinier
- IHPE UMR 5244, CNRS, IFREMER, University of Montpellier, University of Perpignan, Perpignan, France
| | - Damien Lassalle
- IHPE UMR 5244, CNRS, IFREMER, University of Montpellier, University of Perpignan, Perpignan, France
| | - Alexandre Faille
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin Gourbal
- IHPE UMR 5244, CNRS, IFREMER, University of Montpellier, University of Perpignan, Perpignan, France
| | - David Duval
- IHPE UMR 5244, CNRS, IFREMER, University of Montpellier, University of Perpignan, Perpignan, France
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7
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Grabowska AD, Brison Y, Maveyraud L, Gavalda S, Faille A, Nahoum V, Bon C, Guilhot C, Pedelacq JD, Chalut C, Mourey L. Molecular Basis for Extender Unit Specificity of Mycobacterial Polyketide Synthases. ACS Chem Biol 2020; 15:3206-3216. [PMID: 33237724 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.0c00772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the causative agent of the tuberculosis disease, which claims more human lives each year than any other bacterial pathogen. M. tuberculosis and other mycobacterial pathogens have developed a range of unique features that enhance their virulence and promote their survival in the human host. Among these features lies the particular cell envelope with high lipid content, which plays a substantial role in mycobacterial pathogenicity. Several envelope components of M. tuberculosis and other mycobacteria, e.g., mycolic acids, phthiocerol dimycocerosates, and phenolic glycolipids, belong to the "family" of polyketides, secondary metabolites synthesized by fascinating versatile enzymes-polyketide synthases. These megasynthases consist of multiple catalytic domains, among which the acyltransferase domain plays a key role in selecting and transferring the substrates required for polyketide extension. Here, we present three new crystal structures of acyltransferase domains of mycobacterial polyketide synthases and, for one of them, provide evidence for the identification of residues determining extender unit specificity. Unravelling the molecular basis for such specificity is of high importance considering the role played by extender units for the final structure of key mycobacterial components. This work provides major advances for the use of mycobacterial polyketide synthases as potential therapeutic targets and, more generally, contributes to the prediction and bioengineering of polyketide synthases with desired specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna D. Grabowska
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Yoann Brison
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Laurent Maveyraud
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Sabine Gavalda
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Alexandre Faille
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Virginie Nahoum
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Cécile Bon
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Christophe Guilhot
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Denis Pedelacq
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Christian Chalut
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Lionel Mourey
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31077 Toulouse, France
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8
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Kargas V, Castro-Hartmann P, Escudero-Urquijo N, Dent K, Hilcenko C, Sailer C, Zisser G, Marques-Carvalho MJ, Pellegrino S, Wawiórka L, Freund SMV, Wagstaff JL, Andreeva A, Faille A, Chen E, Stengel F, Bergler H, Warren AJ. Mechanism of completion of peptidyltransferase centre assembly in eukaryotes. eLife 2019; 8:e44904. [PMID: 31115337 PMCID: PMC6579518 DOI: 10.7554/elife.44904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
During their final maturation in the cytoplasm, pre-60S ribosomal particles are converted to translation-competent large ribosomal subunits. Here, we present the mechanism of peptidyltransferase centre (PTC) completion that explains how integration of the last ribosomal proteins is coupled to release of the nuclear export adaptor Nmd3. Single-particle cryo-EM reveals that eL40 recruitment stabilises helix 89 to form the uL16 binding site. The loading of uL16 unhooks helix 38 from Nmd3 to adopt its mature conformation. In turn, partial retraction of the L1 stalk is coupled to a conformational switch in Nmd3 that allows the uL16 P-site loop to fully accommodate into the PTC where it competes with Nmd3 for an overlapping binding site (base A2971). Our data reveal how the central functional site of the ribosome is sculpted and suggest how the formation of translation-competent 60S subunits is disrupted in leukaemia-associated ribosomopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasileios Kargas
- Cambridge Institute for Medical ResearchCambridgeUnited Kingdom
- Department of HaematologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
- Wellcome Trust–Medical Research Council Stem Cell InstituteUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Pablo Castro-Hartmann
- Cambridge Institute for Medical ResearchCambridgeUnited Kingdom
- Department of HaematologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
- Wellcome Trust–Medical Research Council Stem Cell InstituteUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Norberto Escudero-Urquijo
- Cambridge Institute for Medical ResearchCambridgeUnited Kingdom
- Department of HaematologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
- Wellcome Trust–Medical Research Council Stem Cell InstituteUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Kyle Dent
- Cambridge Institute for Medical ResearchCambridgeUnited Kingdom
- Department of HaematologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
- Wellcome Trust–Medical Research Council Stem Cell InstituteUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Christine Hilcenko
- Cambridge Institute for Medical ResearchCambridgeUnited Kingdom
- Department of HaematologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
- Wellcome Trust–Medical Research Council Stem Cell InstituteUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Carolin Sailer
- Department of BiologyUniversity of KonstanzKonstanzGermany
| | - Gertrude Zisser
- Institute of Molecular BiosciencesUniversity of GrazGrazAustria
| | - Maria J Marques-Carvalho
- Cambridge Institute for Medical ResearchCambridgeUnited Kingdom
- Department of HaematologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
- Wellcome Trust–Medical Research Council Stem Cell InstituteUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Simone Pellegrino
- Cambridge Institute for Medical ResearchCambridgeUnited Kingdom
- Department of HaematologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
- Wellcome Trust–Medical Research Council Stem Cell InstituteUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Leszek Wawiórka
- Cambridge Institute for Medical ResearchCambridgeUnited Kingdom
- Department of HaematologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
- Wellcome Trust–Medical Research Council Stem Cell InstituteUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
- Department of Molecular BiologyMaria Curie-Skłodowska UniversityLublinPoland
| | | | | | | | - Alexandre Faille
- Cambridge Institute for Medical ResearchCambridgeUnited Kingdom
- Department of HaematologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
- Wellcome Trust–Medical Research Council Stem Cell InstituteUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Edwin Chen
- Faculty of Biological SciencesUniversity of LeedsLeedsUnited Kingdom
| | | | - Helmut Bergler
- Institute of Molecular BiosciencesUniversity of GrazGrazAustria
| | - Alan John Warren
- Cambridge Institute for Medical ResearchCambridgeUnited Kingdom
- Department of HaematologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
- Wellcome Trust–Medical Research Council Stem Cell InstituteUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
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9
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Zyryanova AF, Weis F, Faille A, Alard AA, Crespillo-Casado A, Sekine Y, Harding HP, Allen F, Parts L, Fromont C, Fischer PM, Warren AJ, Ron D. Binding of ISRIB reveals a regulatory site in the nucleotide exchange factor eIF2B. Science 2018; 359:1533-1536. [PMID: 29599245 DOI: 10.1126/science.aar5129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The integrated stress response (ISR) is a conserved translational and transcriptional program affecting metabolism, memory, and immunity. The ISR is mediated by stress-induced phosphorylation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α (eIF2α) that attenuates the guanine nucleotide exchange factor eIF2B. A chemical inhibitor of the ISR, ISRIB, reverses the attenuation of eIF2B by phosphorylated eIF2α, protecting mice from neurodegeneration and traumatic brain injury. We describe a 4.1-angstrom-resolution cryo-electron microscopy structure of human eIF2B with an ISRIB molecule bound at the interface between the β and δ regulatory subunits. Mutagenesis of residues lining this pocket altered the hierarchical cellular response to ISRIB analogs in vivo and ISRIB binding in vitro. Our findings point to a site in eIF2B that can be exploited by ISRIB to regulate translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisa F Zyryanova
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK.
| | - Félix Weis
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK.,Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Alexandre Faille
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK.,Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Akeel Abo Alard
- Division of Biomolecular Science and Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Ana Crespillo-Casado
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Yusuke Sekine
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Heather P Harding
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Felicity Allen
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Leopold Parts
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Christophe Fromont
- Division of Biomolecular Science and Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Peter M Fischer
- Division of Biomolecular Science and Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Alan J Warren
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK. .,Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - David Ron
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK.
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10
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Faille A, Gavalda S, Slama N, Lherbet C, Maveyraud L, Guillet V, Laval F, Quémard A, Mourey L, Pedelacq JD. Insights into Substrate Modification by Dehydratases from Type I Polyketide Synthases. J Mol Biol 2017; 429:1554-1569. [PMID: 28377293 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2017.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Dehydration reactions play a crucial role in the de novo biosynthesis of fatty acids and a wide range of pharmacologically active polyketide natural products with strong emphasis on human medicine. The type I polyketide synthase PpsC from Mycobacterium tuberculosis catalyzes key biosynthetic steps of lipid virulence factors phthiocerol dimycocerosates and phenolic glycolipids. Given the insolubility of the natural C28-C30 fatty acyl substrate of the PpsC dehydratase (DH) domain, we investigated its structure-function relationships in the presence of shorter surrogate substrates. Since most enzymes belonging to the (R)-specific enoyl hydratase/hydroxyacyl dehydratase family conduct the reverse hydration reaction in vitro, we have determined the X-ray structures of the PpsC DH domain, both unliganded (apo) and in complex with trans-but-2-enoyl-CoA or trans-dodec-2-enoyl-CoA derivatives. This study provides for the first time a snapshot of dehydratase-ligand interactions following a hydration reaction. Our structural analysis allowed us to identify residues essential for substrate binding and activity. The structural comparison of the two complexes also sheds light on the need for long acyl chains for this dehydratase to carry out its function, consistent with both its in vitro catalytic behavior and the physiological role of the PpsC enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Faille
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 04, France
| | - Sabine Gavalda
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 04, France
| | - Nawel Slama
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 04, France
| | | | - Laurent Maveyraud
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 04, France
| | - Valérie Guillet
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 04, France
| | - Françoise Laval
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 04, France
| | - Annaïk Quémard
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 04, France
| | - Lionel Mourey
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 04, France.
| | - Jean-Denis Pedelacq
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 04, France.
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11
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Fresneda J, Bourdeau C, Faille A. Una nueva especie troglobiomorfa de Trechus Clairville, 1806 y evidencias de colonizaciones múltiples del medio subterráneo de los montes cantábricos (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Trechinae). Anim Biodiv Conserv 2015. [DOI: 10.32800/abc.2015.38.0087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We describe Trechus (Trechus) valenzuelai n. sp. from the Cantabrian area of Spain: Sierra de Cuera, Asturias. The species was collected in the subterranean environment, in caves and dolines. Morphological examination revealed that the new species is sister to Trechus escalerae Abeille de Perrin, 1903 within the T. saxicola clade. A synapomorphy of the male genitalia, shared by T. valenzuelai n. sp. and T. escalerae, is described and illustrated: the endophallus has a sclerotised piece shaped like a club, elongated, robust, strongly sclerotised and with a membranous sac covered with small spicules at the base. We discuss the taxonomy of the new species and provide illustrations of structures showing the differences between T. escalerae and T. valenzuelai n. sp., along with biogeographical and distributional data and hypotheses regarding the speciation events based on previously pubished molecular data, and the geological structure and the palaeoclimatology of their geographical area. We hypothesize that in this clade, the colonization of the subterranean environment was the result of multiple, independent and simultaneous colonization processes. A lectotype is designated for T. escalerae.
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12
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Rottier K, Faille A, Prudhomme T, Leblanc C, Chalut C, Cabantous S, Guilhot C, Mourey L, Pedelacq JD. Detection of soluble co-factor dependent protein expression in vivo: application to the 4'-phosphopantetheinyl transferase PptT from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J Struct Biol 2013; 183:320-328. [PMID: 23916562 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2013.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Revised: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 07/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The need for early-on diagnostic tools to assess the folding and solubility of expressed protein constructs in vivo is of great interest when dealing with recalcitrant proteins. In this paper, we took advantage of the picomolar sensitivity of the bipartite GFP1-10/GFP11 system to investigate the solubility of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis 4'-phosphopantetheinyl transferase PptT, an enzyme essential for the viability of the tubercle bacillus. In vivo and in vitro complementation assays clearly showed the improved solubility of the full-length PptT compared to its N- and C-terminally truncated counterparts. However, initial attempts to purify the full-length enzyme overexpressed in Escherichia coli cells were hampered by aggregation issues overtime that caused the protein to precipitate within hours. The fact that the naturally occurring Coenzyme A and Mg(2+), essentials for PptT to carry out its function, could play a role in stabilizing the enzyme was confirmed using DSF experiments. In vitro activity assays were performed using the ACP substrate from the type I polyketide synthase PpsC from M. tuberculosis, a 2188 amino-acid enzyme that plays a major role in the virulence and pathogenicity of this microbial pathogen. We selected the most soluble and compact ACP fragment (2042-2188), identified by genetic selection of in-frame fragments from random library experiments, to monitor the transfer of the P-pant moiety from Coenzyme A onto a conserved serine residue of this ACP domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Rottier
- CNRS, IPBS (Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale), 205 Route de Narbonne, BP 64182, F-31077 Toulouse, France; Université de Toulouse, UPS, IPBS, F-31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Alexandre Faille
- CNRS, IPBS (Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale), 205 Route de Narbonne, BP 64182, F-31077 Toulouse, France; Université de Toulouse, UPS, IPBS, F-31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Thomas Prudhomme
- CNRS, IPBS (Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale), 205 Route de Narbonne, BP 64182, F-31077 Toulouse, France; Université de Toulouse, UPS, IPBS, F-31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Cécile Leblanc
- CNRS, IPBS (Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale), 205 Route de Narbonne, BP 64182, F-31077 Toulouse, France; Université de Toulouse, UPS, IPBS, F-31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Christian Chalut
- CNRS, IPBS (Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale), 205 Route de Narbonne, BP 64182, F-31077 Toulouse, France; Université de Toulouse, UPS, IPBS, F-31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Stéphanie Cabantous
- INSERM UMR 1037, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, 20-24 Rue du Pont St. Pierre, 31052 Toulouse Cedex, France; Université de Toulouse, 31052 Toulouse Cedex, France; Institut Claudius Regaud, 31052 Toulouse Cedex, France
| | - Christophe Guilhot
- CNRS, IPBS (Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale), 205 Route de Narbonne, BP 64182, F-31077 Toulouse, France; Université de Toulouse, UPS, IPBS, F-31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Lionel Mourey
- CNRS, IPBS (Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale), 205 Route de Narbonne, BP 64182, F-31077 Toulouse, France; Université de Toulouse, UPS, IPBS, F-31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Denis Pedelacq
- CNRS, IPBS (Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale), 205 Route de Narbonne, BP 64182, F-31077 Toulouse, France; Université de Toulouse, UPS, IPBS, F-31077 Toulouse, France.
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13
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Pedelacq JD, Nguyen HB, Cabantous S, Mark BL, Listwan P, Bell C, Friedland N, Lockard M, Faille A, Mourey L, Terwilliger TC, Waldo GS. Experimental mapping of soluble protein domains using a hierarchical approach. Nucleic Acids Res 2011; 39:e125. [PMID: 21771856 PMCID: PMC3185438 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkr548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Exploring the function and 3D space of large multidomain protein targets often requires sophisticated experimentation to obtain the targets in a form suitable for structure determination. Screening methods capable of selecting well-expressed, soluble fragments from DNA libraries exist, but require the use of automation to maximize chances of picking a few good candidates. Here, we describe the use of an insertion dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) vector to select in-frame fragments and a split-GFP assay technology to filter-out constructs that express insoluble protein fragments. With the incorporation of an IPCR step to create high density, focused sublibraries of fragments, this cost-effective method can be performed manually with no a priori knowledge of domain boundaries while permitting single amino acid resolution boundary mapping. We used it on the well-characterized p85α subunit of the phosphoinositide-3-kinase to demonstrate the robustness and efficiency of our methodology. We then successfully tested it onto the polyketide synthase PpsC from Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a potential drug target involved in the biosynthesis of complex lipids in the cell envelope. X-ray quality crystals from the acyl-transferase (AT), dehydratase (DH) and enoyl-reductase (ER) domains have been obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Denis Pedelacq
- CNRS; IPBS (Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale), 205 route de Narbonne, F-31077 Toulouse, France.
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14
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Fresneda J, Bourdeau C, Faille A. Descripción de Bathysciola liqueana sp. n. de los Pirineos centrales (Francia). Designación de lectotipos y datos de distribución de las especies del grupo de B. meridionalis (Jacquelin du Val, 1854) (Insecta, Coleoptera, Leiodidae, Cholevinae, Leptodirini). Anim Biodiv Conserv 2010. [DOI: 10.32800/abc.2010.33.0131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Description of Bathysciola liqueana n. sp. from the central Pyrenees. Designation of lectotypes and distribution data for species of the B. meridionalis group (Jacquelin du Val, 1854) (Insecta, Coleoptera, Leiodidae, Cholevinae, Leptodirini) We describe a new species of the genus Bathysciola Jeannel, 1910 (B. liqueana n. sp.) belonging to the ‘meridionalis’ group. It was collected in a subterranean environment, in Liqué cave, Larroque massif, Moulis, Ariège, France. The closest species is Bathysciola meridionalis (Jacquelin du Val, 1854), also known from Ariège. The new species differs mainly in morphological characteristics of the aedeagus: short, wide, with rounded apex in B. liqueana n. sp. whereas it is long, narrow, with pointed apex in B. meridionalis. We discuss the taxonomical position of the new species and provide illustrations of structures showing the differences between the two species, along with distribution data, including for B. finismillennii Fresneda & Salgado, 2006. We designate lectotypes of B. meridionalis and B. nitidula Normand, 1907.
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15
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Faille A, Ribera I, Deharveng L, Bourdeau C, Garnery L, Quéinnec E, Deuve T. A molecular phylogeny shows the single origin of the Pyrenean subterranean Trechini ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2009; 54:97-106. [PMID: 19853049 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2009.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2009] [Revised: 10/01/2009] [Accepted: 10/05/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Trechini ground beetles include some of the most spectacular radiations of cave and endogean Coleoptera, but the origin of the subterranean taxa and their typical morphological adaptations (loss of eyes and wings, depigmentation, elongation of body and appendages) have never been studied in a formal phylogenetic framework. We provide here a molecular phylogeny of the Pyrenean subterranean Trechini based on a combination of mitochondrial (cox1, cyb, rrnL, tRNA-Leu, nad1) and nuclear (SSU, LSU) markers of 102 specimens of 90 species. We found all Pyrenean highly modified subterranean taxa to be monophyletic, to the exclusion of all epigean and all subterranean species from other geographical areas (Cantabrian and Iberian mountains, Alps). Within the Pyrenean subterranean clade the three genera (Geotrechus, Aphaenops and Hydraphaenops) were polyphyletic, indicating multiple origins of their special adaptations to different ways of life (endogean, troglobitic or living in deep fissures). Diversification followed a geographical pattern, with two main clades in the western and central-eastern Pyrenees respectively, and several smaller lineages of more restricted range. Based on a Bayesian relaxed-clock approach, and using as an approximation a standard mitochondrial mutation rate of 2.3% MY, we estimate the origin of the subterranean clade at ca. 10 MY. Cladogenetic events in the Pliocene and Pleistocene were almost exclusively within the same geographical area and involving species of the same morphological type.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Faille
- Département Systématique et Evolution, Origine, Structure et Evolution de la Biodiversité (CP50, UMR 7202 du CNRS/USM 601), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France.
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16
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Ernst P, Faille A, Killmann SA. Perturbation of cell cycle of human leukaemic myeloblasts in vivo by cytosine arabinoside. Scand J Haematol 2009; 10:209-18. [PMID: 4520466 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0609.1973.tb00062.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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17
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Bruzzoni-Giovanelli H, Faille A, Linares-Cruz G, Nemani M, Le Deist F, Germani A, Chassoux D, Millot G, Roperch JP, Amson R, Telerman A, Calvo F. SIAH-1 inhibits cell growth by altering the mitotic process. Oncogene 1999; 18:7101-9. [PMID: 10597311 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1203187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
SIAH-1, the human homologue of the drosophila seven in absentia gene, is a p53-p21Waf-1 inducible gene. We report that stable transfection with SIAH-1 of the epithelial breast cancer cell line MCF-7 blocks its growth process. The transfectants show a redistribution of SIAH-1 protein within the nucleus, more specifically to the nuclear matrix, associated to dramatic changes in cell morphology and defective mitosis. Multinucleated giant cells (2-12 nuclei in more than 50% cells) were a most striking observation associated with tubulin spindle disorganization and defective cytokinesis. There were also present at high frequency abortive mitotic figures, DNA bridges and persistance of intercellular bridges and midbodies, along with an increased expression of p21Waf-1. These results indicate that the mechanism of growth arrest induced by SIAH-1 in MCF-7 cells involves disorganization of the mitotic program, mainly during nuclei separation and cytokinesis.
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18
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Linares-Cruz G, Bruzzoni-Giovanelli H, Alvaro V, Roperch JP, Tuynder M, Schoevaert D, Nemani M, Prieur S, Lethrosne F, Piouffre L, Reclar V, Faille A, Chassoux D, Dausset J, Amson RB, Calvo F, Telerman A. p21WAF-1 reorganizes the nucleus in tumor suppression. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1998; 95:1131-5. [PMID: 9448297 PMCID: PMC18696 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.95.3.1131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Interphasic nuclear organization has a key function in genome biology. We demonstrate that p21WAF-1, by influencing gene expression and inducing chromosomal repositioning in tumor suppression, plays a major role as a nuclear organizer. Transfection of U937 tumor cells with p21WAF-1 resulted in expression of the HUMSIAH (human seven in absentia homologue), Rb, and Rbr-2 genes and strong suppression of the malignant phenotype. p21(WAF-1) drastically modified the compartmentalization of the nuclear genome. DNase I genome exposure and fluorescence in situ hybridization show, respectively, a displacement of the sensitive sites to the periphery of the nucleus and repositioning of chromosomes 13, 16, 17, and 21. These findings, addressing nuclear architecture modulations, provide potentially significant perspectives for the understanding of tumor suppression.
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MESH Headings
- Cell Nucleus/physiology
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Chromosomes/physiology
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 13/physiology
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 16/physiology
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17/physiology
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21/physiology
- Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21
- Cyclins/genetics
- Cyclins/physiology
- Deoxyribonuclease I/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Genes, Tumor Suppressor
- Humans
- Nuclear Proteins
- Phenotype
- Phosphoproteins/biosynthesis
- Phosphoproteins/genetics
- Protein Biosynthesis
- Proteins/genetics
- Retinoblastoma Protein/biosynthesis
- Retinoblastoma Protein/genetics
- Retinoblastoma-Like Protein p130
- Transfection
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases
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Affiliation(s)
- G Linares-Cruz
- Laboratoire de Pharmacologie Expérimentale, Institut de Génétique Moléculaire, 27 rue Juliette Dodu, 75010 Paris, France
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19
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Faille A, De Cremoux P, Extra JM, Linares G, Espie M, Bourstyn E, De Rocquancourt A, Giacchetti S, Marty M, Calvo F. p53 mutations and overexpression in locally advanced breast cancers. Br J Cancer 1994; 69:1145-50. [PMID: 8198984 PMCID: PMC1969448 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.1994.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Alterations in the p53 gene were analysed in 39 patients with locally advanced breast cancers (LABCs) (stage III-IV) with inflammatory signs in most cases (UICC stage T4d = 32 patients) by molecular and immunohistochemical (IHC) approaches. All patients were included in the same therapy protocol. Using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and a single-strand conformational polymorphism migration technique (SSCP), the presence of mutations in exons 2-11, covering the entire coding sequence of the p53 gene, was evaluated. Using the mouse specific anti-human p53 monoclonal antibody (PAb 1801), we also looked for overexpression of the p53 protein in tissue sections. In 16 cases shifted bands were reproducibly identified by PCR-SSCP, and all but one (localised to exon 10) were in exons 5-8, the usual mutational hotspots. Fifteen of these 16 samples were sequenced and 14 of the suspected mutations (36%) were confirmed. Most of them (12) were single nucleotide substitutions, and transitions were more frequent (eight cases) than transversions (four cases). Fourteen of the tumour samples were positively stained with the monoclonal antibody PAb 1801, 11 with nuclear staining only, two with mixed cytoplasmic and nuclear staining and one with cytoplasmic staining only. Staining patterns were very heterogeneous in terms of the percentage of positive cells (10-75%) and their distribution in the tissue section (isolated foci or dispersed cells). In 11 of the 14 mutated cases a positive immunostaining was observed. The presence of a p53 mutation was significantly associated with larger tumour diameter (chi 2 = 7.490, P = 0.0062) and the presence of clinical metastases (stage IV) (chi 2 = 10.113, P = 0.0015). A non-statistically significant trend of association was observed between p53 mutation, negative oestrogen receptors and lower response rate to therapy. Our results in this group of patients and the heterogeneity of the staining of tumour cells in tissue sections suggest that p53 mutations could be a late event in this non-familial form of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Faille
- Laboratoire de pharmacologie, Hospital Saint Louis, Paris, France
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20
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Berthon P, Goubin G, Dutrillaux B, Degeorges A, Faille A, Gespach C, Calvo F. Single-steep transformation of human breast epithelial cells by SV40 large T oncogene. Int J Cancer 1992; 52:92-7. [PMID: 1323542 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.2910520117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Normal human mammary epithelial cell (HMEC) cultures originating from 2 mammoplasty reduction surgical samples were transfected with replication-defective SV 40 DNA. Two independent cell lines designated as S2T2 and S1T3, selected for their increased proliferation potential and lifespan, were propagated for greater than 22 months in culture. They maintained a near-diploid karyotype with few chromosomal markers such as trisomy 1q (S1T3) and trisomy 8q (S2T2), which are most common in breast cancer in vivo. Immortalized S1T3 cells were not tumorigenic, whereas S2T2 cells produced slowly growing tumors in nude mice. One tumor was propagated in vitro and the transformed NS2T2 cell line subsequently raised 100% large tumors in the nude mouse. Rearrangement of the SV40 genome was observed in NS2T2 cells, which was not associated with increased expression of large T antigen. S1T3, S2T2 and transformed NS2T2 cell lines expressed cytokeratins CK18, CK19, the mammary-specific antigen DF3, and functional EGF receptors. Single-step immortalization and malignant transformation of human breast epithelial cells can thus occur upon transfection with SV40 large T oncogene. The chromosomal abnormalities observed in these cell lines suggest that they could offer a model for the study of breast-tumor progression in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Berthon
- Laboratoire de Pharmacologie, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
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21
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Cussenot O, Berthon P, Berger R, Mowszowicz I, Faille A, Hojman F, Teillac P, Le Duc A, Calvo F. Immortalization of human adult normal prostatic epithelial cells by liposomes containing large T-SV40 gene. J Urol 1991; 146:881-6. [PMID: 1714974 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5347(17)37953-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Simian virus SV40 has been widely used to immortalize epithelial cells of mammalian origin. We report here, for the first time to our knowledge, the immortalization of normal adult prostatic epithelial cells in culture by transfection of a plasmid containing SV40 genome with a defective replication origin (SV40 ori-) encapsulated into liposomes. These cells (PNT1) have now been cultured for more than 12 months, and shown to contain the SV40 genome. They express large T protein, present the phenotype of differentiated luminal prostatic cells (positive with antibodies to cytokeratin 18, 19, weakly positive for prostatic acid phosphatase and prostatic specific antigen, negative with anticytokeratin 14 and KL2 antibody). PNT1 cells contain high affinity receptors for dihydrotestosterone. These cells provide a useful tool to study the biology and the pathology of adult prostatic epithelial cells, specially to understand the steps leading to prostatic transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Cussenot
- Department of Urology, INSERM Unit 301, Hospital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
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22
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Jabrane-Ferrat N, Faille A, Loiseau P, Poirier O, Charron D, Calvo F. Effect of gamma interferon on HLA class-I and -II transcription and protein expression in human breast adenocarcinoma cell lines. Int J Cancer 1990; 45:1169-76. [PMID: 2112515 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.2910450630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The spontaneous expression of HLA class-I and class-II molecules in 5 human breast carcinoma cell lines, MCF-7, T47D, ZR75-1, HSL-53, MDA-MB 231, and their modulation during IFN-gamma treatment, are reported. The expression of cell-surface determinants was examined by indirect immunofluorescence using monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) specific for HLA class-I and class-II (DR, DQ and DP) antigens. The biosynthesis and maturation of these molecules were analyzed by 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis analysis (2D-PAGE) of class I, DR alpha, beta and invariant immunoprecipitates. Transcription was analyzed by Northern blot hybridization with HLA class-I and -II cDNA-specific probes. In all cell lines, more than 80% of cells expressed HLA class-I antigens at their surface. 2D-PAGE and mRNA studies showed a variable basal level of HLA class-I biosynthesis and transcription with a constant increase after 1,000 U/ml IFN-gamma treatment. HLA class-II determinants were totally absent from the surface of MCF-7, MDA MB231, ZR75-1 and T47D but they were detected in a small subpopulation of HSL-53 cells (DR 6%, DQ 6%, DP 20%). Spontaneous biosynthesis of HLA-DR molecules in immunoprecipitates analyzed by 2D-PAGE or transcripts in Northern blot were not detected in the 5 cell lines. Treatment with 1000 U/ml IFN-gamma induced or increased the expression of HLA class-II molecules in all cell lines but DQ expression was variable. While T47D, ZR75-1 and HSL-53 increased their transcripts and antigen expression, MDA, MB231 and MCF-7 showed no DQ mRNA transcript. Biochemical analysis of the DR products revealed a classical alpha, beta and invariant (li) chain pattern, but indicated a constant glycosylation defect in the invariant chain in all cell lines, associated with weak expression of the beta chain and the presence of an extra spot of low molecular weight in the acidic part of the gel. Thus, post-transcriptional events did not appear to be totally controlled by IFN-gamma in the different cell lines. These differences in DQ expression and glycosylation process in different breast cancer cells may be important in the activation of the immune response among different individuals.
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MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma/genetics
- Adenocarcinoma/immunology
- Blotting, Northern
- Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Breast Neoplasms/immunology
- Cell Line
- Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional
- Female
- Fluorescent Antibody Technique
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/immunology
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/analysis
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/genetics
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/immunology
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/analysis
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/genetics
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/immunology
- Humans
- Interferon-gamma/pharmacology
- Neoplasm Proteins/drug effects
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/immunology
- Precipitin Tests
- RNA, Messenger/analysis
- RNA, Neoplasm/analysis
- Recombinant Proteins
- Transcription, Genetic/drug effects
- Transcription, Genetic/genetics
- Transcription, Genetic/immunology
- Tumor Cells, Cultured/drug effects
- Tumor Cells, Cultured/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- N Jabrane-Ferrat
- Experimental Pharmacology and Inserm U204, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
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23
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Jabrane-Ferrat N, Calvo F, Faille A, Lagabrielle JF, Boisson N, Quillet A, Fradelizi D. Recombinant gamma interferon provokes resistance of human breast cancer cells to spontaneous and IL-2 activated non-MHC restricted cytotoxicity. Br J Cancer 1990; 61:558-62. [PMID: 2109997 PMCID: PMC1971382 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.1990.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural and lymphokine activated killer cells (NK and LAK) are believed to play an important role in the control of tumour progression and metastasis. Their specific receptors on tumours cells are still unknown. Several studies suggest that these cells recognise and eliminate abnormal cells with deleted or reduced expression of MHC class I molecules. Previous reports suggest that interferons (IFN), by increasing MHC class I expression on target cells, induce resistance to killing by NK cells. We investigated the role of MHC molecule expression by two human breast cancer cell lines T47D and ZR75-1 in their susceptibility to NK and LAK cells. These two cell lines spontaneously express low levels of HLA class I antigens but no HLA class II molecules. After IFN-gamma treatment they both overexpressed MHC class I and de novo expressed class II molecules as detected by flow cytometry, quantified by a radioimmunoassay and analysed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Opposed to untreated cells these IFN-gamma treated cells were resistant to NK and LAK lysis. Furthermore, preincubation of IFN-gamma treated breast cancer cells with F(ab')2 fragments of monoclonal antibodies to HLA class I and HLA class II molecules was unable to restore lysis. In contrast, several complete monoclonal antibodies including anti-HLA class I and HLA class II induced the lysis of target cells whether or not they had been treated by IFN-gamma. The therapeutic use of monoclonal antibodies directed against antigens expressed on tumour cells (ADCC) in conjunction with interferon therapy should be discussed in lymphokine-based strategies for treatment of cancer patients.
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24
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Kraïba R, Loiseau P, Faille A, Poirier O, Piatier-Tonneau D, Degos L, Abita JP, Charron D. HLA-DR and DQ antigens in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: dissociation of expression revealed by cell surface, protein, and mRNA studies. Leukemia 1989; 3:386-93. [PMID: 2497283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
We studied peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) of eight B chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients for the expression of the human leucocyte antigens, HLA-DR and HLA-DQ. Cell surface expression of HLA class II epitopes was analyzed by fluorescent activated cell sorter (FACS) using three monomorphic anti-HLA class II monoclonal antibodies (mAb) specific for DR (D1.12) and DQ (TU22, L2) and a polymorphic anti-DQ (G2A5). The DR and DQ molecules were characterized by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE) of the specific immunoprecipitates from biosynthetically labeled cells. DR, DQ specific probes were used to characterize the class II transcripts of the corresponding genes. The data obtained with immunofluorescence disclosed two distinct patterns of HLA class II expression leading to two cell surface phenotypes: (DR+DQ+) and (DR+DQ-). In all cases the cells expressed normal amounts of HLA-DR gene products in terms of mRNA. DR cell surface determinants were present in more than 80% of cells in every sample. By 2-D gel analysis DR proteins disclosed the normal classical pattern associating the alpha, beta, and invariant chain gamma with normal level of biosynthesis for alpha and gamma but decreased biosynthesis for one of the beta gene products. Moreover, the three chains demonstrated defect in glycosylation process. In half of the cases studied the cells lacked DQ molecules at the cell surface. DQ alpha and DQ beta transcripts were detected in all cases, although the amount was extremely low in one case. DQ proteins were variable in the DQ+ phenotype and absent in the DQ- one. Interestingly, TPA and rIFN gamma treatment could restore normal glycosylation process of the DR isotype and increase biosynthesis of DQ alpha and beta chains. Those combined results support the view that transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and posttranslational mechanisms underlie the heterogeneity of class II expression observed in CLL. Moreover, 2-D gel analysis may be an invaluable tool for the analysis of the biosynthetic process of class II molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Kraïba
- Unité INSERM 204, Cinétique des Populations Cellulaires en Hématologie et Cancérologie, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
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25
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Calvo F, Jabrane N, Faille A, Gauville C, de Cremoux P, Lagier G, Abita JP, Lechat P. Quantitative modifications of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens induced by recombinant gamma interferon in two human breast cancer lines. Int J Immunopharmacol 1987; 9:459-68. [PMID: 3114155 DOI: 10.1016/0192-0561(87)90020-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
H466-B and T47-D breast carcinoma cell lines were treated with recombinant gamma interferon (r gamma IFN) to study major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and class II antigen responses. Untreated H466-B cells released B2 microglobulin (B2M) into the culture medium and expressed B2M and class I heavy chain on 100% of the cells. The expression of class II antigens (DR) was limited to 8 +/- 4% of the cells. This subpopulation was isolated by cell sorting and labelled with 35S methionine. Protein extracts were immunoprecipitated with anti-DR antibody and subjected to two dimensional non-equilibrium pH gradient electrophoresis (2D-PAGE). A normal pattern of expression of invariant, alpha and beta chains was shown. The MHC antigenic expression of H466-B parental cell line was not modified by interferon treatment. Untreated T47-D cells did not release B2M into the culture medium, expressed B2M and class I heavy chain on 100% of the cells but did not express class II molecules using radio-immunoassay or 2D-PAGE. As early as 24 h after r gamma IFN addition, T47-D cells released B2M into the medium, B2M and class I heavy chain were significantly greater than that of untreated cells, and class II antigenic expression was found, all these in a dose dependent manner. 2D-PAGE analysis of class II antigens revealed the profile of human DR molecules but this expression seemed incomplete since only single alpha and beta spots were detected suggesting a possible defect in the sialilation of DR molecules. These results show a heterogeneity in MHC antigenic responses to r gamma IFN and suggest that synthetized class II molecules may be incompletely processed.
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26
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Faille A, Poirier O, Turmel P, Chomienne C, Charron DJ, Abita JP. Changes in the patterns of protein phosphorylation associated with granulocytic and monocytic-induced differentiation of HL-60 cells. Anticancer Res 1986; 6:1053-63. [PMID: 3467646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis we have analyzed the pattern of phosphorylated proteins in HL-60 leukemia cells and changes associated with their differentiation into granulocyte and monocyte-like cells. In undifferentiated cells 18 spots with MW ranging from 110 to 17, kDa were individualized with high resolution and reproducibility. Myelocytic differentiation induced by dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and retinoic acid (RA) resulted in a decrease of the overall phosphorylation, the disappearance of two proteins of 42 and 17 kDa, and the appearance of one new acidic protein of 46-48 kDa. These changes seem to be specifically related to this differentiation pathway since they are not found in two HL-60 subclones resistant to DMSO or RA-induced differentiation. Monocytic differentiation induced by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25 (OH)2D3] and the combination of RA + 1-B-D-arabinofuranosyl cytosine (Ara-C) was associated with the appearance of 2 proteins of 68 kDa and 2 proteins of 80 kDa located in the acidic region of the gel. The protein of 17 kDa, when disappeared completely in granulocytic-like cells was present in monocytic cells, this suggesting that its phosphorylation state may be involved in the control of the differentiation pathway of HL-60 cells. Data concerning the effect of phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) and histamine on the level of phosphorylation of various proteins in HL-60 cells have also been obtained and discussed. Our results show that the myelocytic and monocytic phenotypes are characterized by a specific pattern of phosphoproteins involving both phosphorylation and dephosphorylation reactions.
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27
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Faille A, Turmel P, Charron DJ. Differential expression of HLA-DR and HLA-DC/DS molecules in a patient with hairy cell leukemia: restoration of HLA-DC/DS expression by (12-0-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate), 5 azacytidine, and sodium butyrate. Blood 1984; 64:33-7. [PMID: 6203577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Biosynthesis and molecular structure of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II antigens of DR2/DR7 hairy cells were analyzed by two-dimensional polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE). Two anti-human Ia monoclonal antibodies (mAb) were used to immunoprecipitate DR and DR-linked DC/DS molecules. Monoclonal antibody VI 15 C recognizes DR (I-E-like) molecules and CA 2.06 precipitates DR and DR-linked DC/DS (I-A-like) molecules in DR7 allotypes. Studies were performed on a pure population of hairy cells before and after culture with phorbol ester: 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate (TPA), 5 azacytidine (5 Aza), sodium butyrate (NA-BU), and phytohemagglutinin (PHA-P). Before any treatment, hairy cells expressed and synthesized DR antigens: DR alpha and beta subunits appeared both qualitatively and quantitatively normal by 2D-PAGE profile. In contrast, the hairy cells failed to express and synthesized any DC/DS molecule. The lack of DC/DS molecular expression was restored after culture in presence of TPA, sodium butyrate, and 5 azacytidine, but not after PHA-P treatment. Differential molecular expression of MHC class II antigens in leukemic cells provides a model to define further discrete stages of hemopoietic differentiation and study the role of these molecules in the cellular interactions occurring during differentiation.
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28
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Goujet-Zalc C, Faille A, Teillaud JL, Turmel P, Mahouy G, Charron DJ. Molecular characterization of two Ia-like antigens in marmoset. Immunogenetics 1984; 19:155-61. [PMID: 6421724 DOI: 10.1007/bf00387859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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29
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Blasetti A, Faille A, Balitrand N, Gluckman E, Devergie A, Dresch C. Inhibitory effects of peripheral blood cells on in vitro colony formation by autologous bone marrow in aplastic anaemia: relation with response to immunosuppressive therapy. J Clin Pathol 1982; 35:1316-9. [PMID: 6983531 PMCID: PMC497969 DOI: 10.1136/jcp.35.12.1316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The inhibitory activity of peripheral blood lymphocytes on autologous bone marrow was studied in 27 patients with aplastic anaemia after treatment with androgen. Inhibitory activity was hard to assess in 10 patients studied during the first year of treatment. The colony count was too low to be certain of differences between the samples incubated with or without lymphocytes. Among the 17 patients who had more than 10 colonies per 2 x 10(5) mononuclear bone marrow cells, nine showed inhibitory activity by peripheral blood lymphocytes. After 12 months of androgen therapy each of these patients showing inhibitory activity of bone marrow colony forming cells by peripheral lymphocytes responded to antithymocyte globulin. None of nine patients with few colony forming cells or no inhibitory activity of lymphocytes responded to immunosuppression.
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30
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Degos L, Faille A, Housset M, Boumsell L, Rabian C, Parames T. Syndrome of neutrophil agranulocytosis, hypogammaglobulinemia, and thymoma. Blood 1982; 60:968-72. [PMID: 7115963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The clinical, hematologic, and immunologic findings of a syndrome of agranulocytosis, hypogammaglobulinemia, and thymoma are described. Neutrophil agranulocytosis predisposing to severe infectious disease resulted from a deficiency of mature cells in bone marrow. Autologous and heterologous stem cell growth in vitro was inhibited by the patient's serum. Immunoglobulin deficiency was secondary to the absence of peripheral blood B lymphocytes, while T-cell subpopulations and cellular immunity were present. Surgical removal of a spindle cell thymoma had no effect on the agranulocytosis and B-cell deficiency. The hematologic findings did not respond to steroid therapy and cyclophosphamide. However, the agranulocytosis improved with repeated plasmapheresis and the patient achieved a clinical remission.
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31
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Meyer O, Clauvel JP, Dresch C, Faille A, Seligmann M, Ryckewaert A. [Mechanisms and prognosis of neutropenia in Felty's syndrome. 27 cases (author's transl)]. Nouv Presse Med 1982; 11:1549-52. [PMID: 7099932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Twenty patients with Felty's syndrome were investigated. Isotopic studies of polymorphonuclear neutrophils, bone marrow biopsies and autoradiographies, and cultures of granulous stem cells showed that neutropenia resulted from three mechanisms acting simultaneously: hypermargination of the neutrophils predominantly in the spleen, decreased production of granulocytes in the bone marrow, and peripheral hyperdestruction of the neutrophils. Anti-granulocyte antibodies were detected in 3/12 patients. Other factors present in the serum of 2/4 patients seem capable of inhibiting the growth of granulocytic stem cells. Secondary bacterial infection (77%) may explain the severity of the prognosis: 13 out of 27 patients died 4 years on average after neutropenia was diagnosed.
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Chanu B, Kernbaum S, Uzzan B, Faille A, Blasetti A, Rouffy J. [Bone marrow aplasia induced by sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim. Evidence of an allergic mechanism]. Nouv Presse Med 1981; 10:3496-7. [PMID: 7312611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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33
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Faille A, Maraninchi D, Gluckman E, Devergie A, Balitrand N, Ketels F, Dresch C. Granulocyte progenitor compartments after allogeneic bone marrow grafts. Scand J Haematol 1981; 26:202-14. [PMID: 7015477 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0609.1981.tb01648.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Bone marrow granulocyte colony forming cells (CFU-C) were measured in HLA compatible sibling donor-recipient pairs. The regeneration of granulocytes and CFU-C compartments were also studied in order to evaluate haemopoietic recovery. The number of nucleated bone marrow cells in the donation was 23 +/- 4 X 10 cells, which recipients received (3.5 +/- 0.4) X 10(8) nucleated cells/kg and (1.19 +/- 0.32) X 10(5) CFU-C/kg. This produced a bone marrow reconstitution of (67 +/- 26) X 10(5) CFU-C/kg by day 30. There was a significant correlation between CFU-C/kg and (1) granulocyte count on day 30 (P equal less than 0.05) and (2) the first day of reappearance of neutrophils in the blood (P equal less than 0.05). These results indicate that the speed and completeness of granulocyte regeneration can be predicted by measurement of the size of the CFU-C inoculant in the bone marrow graft.
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Barrett AJ, Faille A, Ketels F, Balitrand N, Gluckman E. Survival of CFU-C in recipient blood after bone marrow transplantation. Clin Lab Haematol 1980; 2:25-30. [PMID: 6991199 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2257.1980.tb00805.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
In six patients undergoing allogeneic bone marrow transplantation granulocyte colony and cluster forming units were detectable in the blood up to 24 hours after intravenous marrow infusion. The mean surviving fraction 30 minutes after the end of the infusion was 0.3 for colonies and 0.42 for total aggregates. CFU-C declined logarithmically with time, but a small secondary rise in blood CFU-C occurred 2--6 hours after the end of the marrow infusion. Three patients were plasma-exchanged immediately before the marrow graft for major donor-recipient ABO incompatibility. The proportion of total groups remaining in the blood at 30 minutes was significantly higher in the plasma-pheresed patients (P = less than 0.05), and the secondary rise in CFU-C was less marked, but no correlation of the blood CFU-C decay curve with the subsequent fate of the graft was observed.
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35
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Fradelizi D, Gluckman E, Wiels J, Sasportes M, Fellous M, Lepage V, Faille A, Valensi F, Dausset J. Functional study and detection of HLA-D products on fractionated human bone marrow cells. Tissue Antigens 1980; 15:161-72. [PMID: 12735316 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.1980.tb00900.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Bone marrow cells from nine normal human volunteers obtained from the Iliac crest, were used in this work for antigen determination and functional studies. The bone marrow aspirated cells were sequentially separated: elimination of erythrocyte, granulocytes and monocytes achieved by Ficoll-Isopaque centrifugation followed by plastic adherence. Purified bone marrow cells were finally separated by size using velocity sedimentation. The slow sedimenting small cells were shown to be mainly T lymphocytes, probably of blood origin. The medium sized bone marrow cells were shown to contain myeloid precursors (CFu-c). Large immature cells were in cycle actively synthesizing DNA molecules. HLA-D and HLA-DR detections on the fractionated cells were performed using three techniques: fluorescence with specific anti HLA-DR allo and xeno antisera; primed lymphocyte typing (PLT) with anti HLA-DR monospecific in vitro primed lymphocytes and detection of the HLA-D stimulating product using the bone marrow fractionated cells as stimulators in a mixed leukocyte culture. Concordant results were obtained with the three techniques. Lymphocytes in the bone marrow express HLA-D products a peripheral lymphocytes. Bone marrow fractions depleted of lymphocytes and monocytes also contain approximately 20% of cells expressing HLA-D products The meaning of the expression of HLA-D products on immature precursors non-lymphoid cells is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Fradelizi
- Dept of Immunogenetics and Transplantation, INSERM U93, and University Paris VII (UER Hèamatologie Saint-Louis), Paris, France
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Dresch C, Faille A, Poirier O, Balitrand N, Najean Y. Bone marrow cell kinetics and culture in chronic and subacute myelomonocytic leukemia. Physiopathological interpretation and prognostic importance. Leuk Res 1980; 4:129-42. [PMID: 6931951 DOI: 10.1016/0145-2126(80)90052-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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37
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Dresch C, Faille A, Poirier O, Balitrand N, Najean Y. Hydroxyurea suicide study of the kinetic heterogeneity of colony forming cells in human bone marrow. Exp Hematol 1979; 7:337-44. [PMID: 488191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The kinetics of granulomonocyte colony forming cells have been studied in unfractionated normal human bone marrow by hydroxyurea suicide and in cells separated by velocity sedimentation. Sequential studies revealed two subpopulations of colony forming cells, having different sizes and different multiplication potentialities. There are large cells with a high suicide rate which develop small granulocyte and monocyte colonies during the first week of culture in semi-solid agar. Smaller cells develop larger colonies of granulocytes, monocytes and eosinophils between 2 and 3 weeks of culture. Only granulocyte progenitors have a substantial suicide rate in this small cell population. This population is also less responsive to stimulation than is the large cell class, which is a more highly differentiated progeny. The role of these different kinetics of colony forming cells is discussed in the context of the heterogeneity of the in vitro differentiation of neutrophil, monocyte and eosinophil lines.
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Abstract
Blood granulocyte colony forming units (CFU-C) were studied in normal adults to establish: (i) a normal range; (ii) variability due to the culture technique; (iii) variability of blood CFU-C within individuals. Thirty men studied had 98 (range 8--300) CFU-C X 10(3)/1, and 28 women studied had 44 (range 0--260) CFU-C X 10(3)/1. This difference was significant (P less than 0.001). There was also a significant sex difference in the total number of cells forming colonies and clusters per litre; and in the incidence of colony formers and of cluster formers in buffy coat and mononuclear cell blood fractions. CFU-C were assayed in four subjects over a 10 week period. When buffy coat cells were used as a source of colony stimulation the week to week variation in the combined growth of the four subjects was wide (+/- 36%) but with conditioned medium the variation was smaller (+/- 14%). In all subjects colony and cluster growth varied in the same way (r = 0.77, P = .001) but there was no correlation with the total leucocyte count. A 3--4 week cyclical change in CFU-C/1 was found which was independent of the variation inherent in the technique. The physiological significance of the sex difference and the apparent cyclical changes in blood CFU-C are not explained, but the results emphasize the wide fluctuations in CFU-C that may occur in normal individuals.
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Abstract
Blood and bone marrow granulocyte colony forming units (CFUc) were assayed in 46 patients with aplastic anemia, and the serum was examined for its inhibitory action on normal CFUc growth. All patients showed a gross reduction in colonies and clusters in incidence and absolute number in the bone marrow and blood. Two proliferative abnormalities of CFUc in aplastic anaemia were identified: a significantly higher than normal cluster to colony ratio (P less than 0.05) and a higher than normal ratio of granulocytes to total aggregates in the bone marrow. Eleven out of 34 patients tested had serum inhibitory to normal CFUc. These patients were indistinguishable from the rest on haematological and CFUc culture characteristics, and no correlation between the results of CFUc assay and haematological severity was found. The results suggest that the CFUc is abnormal in aplastic anaemia, the reduction in pool size being related to a failure of self-renewal, but an immunological role in the pathogenesis of aplastic anaemia remains unproven. The close relationship of CFUc incidence to the percentage of granulocyte precursors in the marrow, together with the failure of the CFUc assay to predict clinical severity, limits the practical use of the assay to the confirmation of diagnosis in aplastic anaemia.
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Faille A, Barrett AJ, Balitrand N, Ketels F, Gluckman E, Najean Y. Effect of antilymphocyte globulin on granulocyte precursors in aplastic anaemia. Br J Haematol 1979; 42:371-80. [PMID: 475996 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.1979.tb01145.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Granylocyte colony forming units (CFU-C) were studied in 22 patients with severe aplastic anaemia before and after treatment with antilymphocyte globulin (ALG). Nine patients showed a clinical response to ALG characterized by a rise in the granulocyte count to over I X 10(9)/1 within 30 d. These patients were distinguished in vitro from non-responders by an increase in CFU-C numbers after incubation of bone marrow cells with ALG, and by the presence of inhibitors of normal CFU-C in the serum in six out of seven patients tested. In responding patients bone marrow CFU-C rose while most non-responding patients showed no change or a fall in CFU-C after treatment. In addition in three out of four responding patients examined serum inhibitors disappeared after treatment. The horse ALG used in this study also stimulated normal CFU-C in vitro. This evidence is contrary to the hypothesis that ALG stimulates CFU-C in aplasia by inactivating an abnormal suppressor lymphocyte population. The nature of the stimulation by ALG remains unclear. But in practice the effect of ALG on bone marrow cells and study of CFU-C inhibitors in serum could be used to select patients likely to respond to ALG treatment.
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Gluckman E, Devergie A, Faille A, Bussel A, Benbunan M, Bernard J. Antilymphocyte globulin treatment in severe aplastic anemia--comparison with bone marrow transplantation. Report of 60 cases. Haematol Blood Transfus 1979; 24:171-9. [PMID: 396173 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-67483-9_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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43
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Barrett AJ, Faille A, Saal F, Balitrand N, Gluckman E. Marrow graft rejection and inhibition of growth in culture by serum in aplastic anaemia. J Clin Pathol 1978; 31:1244-8. [PMID: 372246 PMCID: PMC1145539 DOI: 10.1136/jcp.31.12.1244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The sera of 28 patients with aplastic anaemia were examined for their effect on granulocyte colony growth in soft agar. Normal sera did not affect colony growth, but 13 sera from patients with aplastic anaemia, three from multiparous women, and six from patients polytransfused for various disorders caused colony inhibition. This inhibition was not due to the presence of HLA antibodies in aplasia patients because some sera inhibited HLA compatible bone marrow, and polyspecific HLA antibodies were not found in all inhibitory sera. All patients who failed to show engraftment or who rejected their bone marrow graft within three weeks had serum inhibitory to normal bone marrow cell culture, but inhibition could not be demonstrated against autologous bone marrow cells in these patients with aplastic anaemia. The results show that patients with serum inhibitors have an increased risk of early graft rejection and suggest that this rejection is mediated by antibodies directed against bone marrow stem cells.
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Gluckman E, Devergie A, Faille A, Barrett AJ, Bonneau M, Boiron M, Bernard J. Treatment of severe aplastic anemia with antilymphocyte globulin and androgens. Exp Hematol 1978; 6:679-87. [PMID: 361428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The etiology of aplastic anemia is unknown. A stem cell lesion caused by a toxin, virus or microenvironment defect is the main hypothesis. An autoimmune origin has been recently suspected. In an attempt to demonstrate the autoimmune origin of the disease, 17 patients with severe aplastic anemia were treated with antilymphocyte globulin (ALG). Nine patients showed no improvement, developed infectious or hemorrhagic complications and died within 1 to 7 months. In contrast, eight patients had a prompt rise of granulocyte and reticulocyte counts. Although the hematological reconstitution is not complete, these eight patients are still alive between 11 months and 24 months after treatment. This study shows that ALG may have a beneficial effect in the treatment of patients with severe aplastic anemia.
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Faille A, Dresch C, Poirier O, Balitrand N, Najean Y. Prognostic value of in vitro bone marrow culture in refractory anaemia with excess of myeloblasts. Scand J Haematol 1978; 20:280-6. [PMID: 644256 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0609.1978.tb02458.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Bone marrow from 17 patients with refractory anaemia with excess of myeloblasts (RAEM) was cultured in methylcellulose semi-solid medium. Compared with normal bone marrow, 3 patterns of growth occurred corresponding with different clinical stages of the condition. Patients whose bone marrow grew normal colonies and those who produced a predominance of microclusters had the longest life expectance, while those who produced a predominance of macroclusters had the shortest life expectancy with a high rate of acute leukaemic transformation. Colony culture appears to be a useful prognostic tool in the condition.
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Gluckman E, Devergie A, Faille A, Barrett AJ, Bonneau M, Boiron M, Bernard J. [The action of antilymphocyte serum in severe aplastic anemia (author's transl)]. Nouv Presse Med 1978; 7:439-43. [PMID: 634781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The etiology of aplastic anemia is unknown. A stem cell lesion caused by a toxic or a virus or a microenvironment defect are the main hypothesis. An auto-immune origin has been recently suspected but never proved. To demonstrate the auto-immune origin of the disease. We have treated 17 patients with severe aplastic anemia with antilymphocyte serum (ALS). Nine patients showed no improvement and seven patients died within two months of infectious or hemorrhagic complications. In contrast, eight patients had a prompt rise of granulocytes and reticulocytes counts. Although the hematological reconstitution is not complete. This eight patients are still alive between 4 months and 15 months after treatment. This study shows that A.L.G. may have a beneficial effect in the treatment of patients with severe aplastic anemia.
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47
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Barrett AJ, Faille A, Saal F, Balitrand N, Gluckman E. Lymhocyte and serum mediated colony inhibition in aplastic anaemia [proceedings]. Pathol Biol (Paris) 1978; 26:35-6. [PMID: 358078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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48
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Gluckman E, Devergie A, Marty M, Barrett J, Faille A. Treatment of severe aplastic anemia with anti lymphocyte globulin [proceedings]. Pathol Biol (Paris) 1978; 26:37. [PMID: 358079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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49
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50
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Gluckman E, Devergie A, Barrett J, Faille A. [Stimulation of hematopoietic stem cells by antilymphocyte serum]. C R Acad Hebd Seances Acad Sci D 1977; 285:841-3. [PMID: 411591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The physiopathogeny of aplastic anemia is still unknown, it can be related to a stem cell defect or a microenvironment disease. An autoimmune origin is suspected but not as yet proved. To demonstrate the autoimmune origin of some cases of aplastic anemia, we have studied the effect of antilymphocyte globulin (ALG) on the hematopoiesis of aplastic patients by serial hematological and bone marrow investigation including blood counts, bone marrow cellularity, scanning with indium and technetium and granulocytic colonies in agar, 8 out of 17 patients had a response to ALG as shown by a rise of granulocytes and reticulocytes counts, increase of bone marrow cellularity and number of granulocytic colonies. This study tends to show that ALG has a stimulating effect on hematopoiesis in some cases of severe aplastic anemia.
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