1
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Cottrell KM, Briggs KJ, Whittington DA, Jahic H, Ali JA, Davis CB, Gong S, Gotur D, Gu L, McCarren P, Tonini MR, Tsai A, Wilker EW, Yuan H, Zhang M, Zhang W, Huang A, Maxwell JP. Discovery of TNG908: A Selective, Brain Penetrant, MTA-Cooperative PRMT5 Inhibitor That Is Synthetically Lethal with MTAP-Deleted Cancers. J Med Chem 2024; 67:6064-6080. [PMID: 38595098 PMCID: PMC11056935 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
It has been shown that PRMT5 inhibition by small molecules can selectively kill cancer cells with homozygous deletion of the MTAP gene if the inhibitors can leverage the consequence of MTAP deletion, namely, accumulation of the MTAP substrate MTA. Herein, we describe the discovery of TNG908, a potent inhibitor that binds the PRMT5·MTA complex, leading to 15-fold-selective killing of MTAP-deleted (MTAP-null) cells compared to MTAPintact (MTAP WT) cells. TNG908 shows selective antitumor activity when dosed orally in mouse xenograft models, and its physicochemical properties are amenable for crossing the blood-brain barrier (BBB), supporting clinical study for the treatment of both CNS and non-CNS tumors with MTAP loss.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Haris Jahic
- Tango Therapeutics, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Janid A. Ali
- Tango Therapeutics, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | | | - Shanzhong Gong
- Tango Therapeutics, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Deepali Gotur
- Tango Therapeutics, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Lina Gu
- Tango Therapeutics, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | | | | | - Alice Tsai
- Tango Therapeutics, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Erik W. Wilker
- Tango Therapeutics, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Hongling Yuan
- Tango Therapeutics, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Minjie Zhang
- Tango Therapeutics, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Wenhai Zhang
- Tango Therapeutics, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Alan Huang
- Tango Therapeutics, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - John P. Maxwell
- Tango Therapeutics, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
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2
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Ko EC, Spitz S, Pramotton FM, Barr OM, Xu C, Pavlou G, Zhang S, Tsai A, Maaser-Hecker A, Jorfi M, Choi SH, Tanzi RE, Kamm RD. Accelerating the in vitro emulation of Alzheimer's disease-associated phenotypes using a novel 3D blood-brain barrier neurosphere co-culture model. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1251195. [PMID: 37901842 PMCID: PMC10600382 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1251195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
High failure rates in clinical trials for neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease have been linked to an insufficient predictive validity of current animal-based disease models. This has created an increasing demand for alternative, human-based models capable of emulating key pathological phenotypes in vitro. Here, a three-dimensional Alzheimer's disease model was developed using a compartmentalized microfluidic device that combines a self-assembled microvascular network of the human blood-brain barrier with neurospheres derived from Alzheimer's disease-specific neural progenitor cells. To shorten microfluidic co-culture times, neurospheres were pre-differentiated for 21 days to express Alzheimer's disease-specific pathological phenotypes prior to the introduction into the microfluidic device. In agreement with post-mortem studies and Alzheimer's disease in vivo models, after 7 days of co-culture with pre-differentiated Alzheimer's disease-specific neurospheres, the three-dimensional blood-brain barrier network exhibited significant changes in barrier permeability and morphology. Furthermore, vascular networks in co-culture with Alzheimer's disease-specific microtissues displayed localized β-amyloid deposition. Thus, by interconnecting a microvascular network of the blood-brain barrier with pre-differentiated neurospheres the presented model holds immense potential for replicating key neurovascular phenotypes of neurodegenerative disorders in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunkyung Clare Ko
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Sarah Spitz
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Francesca Michela Pramotton
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Olivia M. Barr
- Genetics and Aging Research Unit, McCance Center for Brain Health, Mass General Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States
| | - Ciana Xu
- Genetics and Aging Research Unit, McCance Center for Brain Health, Mass General Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States
| | - Georgios Pavlou
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Shun Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Alice Tsai
- Genetics and Aging Research Unit, McCance Center for Brain Health, Mass General Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States
| | - Anna Maaser-Hecker
- Genetics and Aging Research Unit, McCance Center for Brain Health, Mass General Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States
| | - Mehdi Jorfi
- Genetics and Aging Research Unit, McCance Center for Brain Health, Mass General Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States
| | - Se Hoon Choi
- Genetics and Aging Research Unit, McCance Center for Brain Health, Mass General Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States
| | - Rudolph E. Tanzi
- Genetics and Aging Research Unit, McCance Center for Brain Health, Mass General Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States
| | - Roger D. Kamm
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
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3
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Simoneau A, Wu HJ, Bandi M, Lazarides K, Sun S, Liu S, Meier S, Choi A, Zhang H, Shen B, Whittington D, Sudsakorn S, Zhang W, Yu Y, Liu Y, Liang C, Palmieri M, Chen Y, Haines B, Tsai A, Zhang M, Huang A, Andersen J, Feng T, Throner S, Maxwell J. Abstract 4968: Characterization of the clinical development candidate TNG348 as a potent and selective inhibitor of USP1 for the treatment of BRCA1/2mut cancers. Cancer Res 2023. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2023-4968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
TNG348 is a selective and potent inhibitor of the deubiquitinating enzyme USP1 specifically designed to target BRCA1/2mut vulnerabilities in breast and ovarian tumors. Here we present the biochemical, mechanistic, and in vitro and in vivo characterization of TNG348, an oral, allosteric and highly potent inhibitor of USP1. Upon treatment, TNG348 causes loss of viability in a panel of breast and ovarian BRCA1/2mut cancer cell lines and displays dose-dependent tumor growth inhibition in BRCA1/2mut xenograft models. Furthermore, TNG348 activity extends beyond BRCA1/2mut models with PARP inhibitor (PARPi) sensitivity and oncogene-induced replication stress being additional features correlating with USP1 inhibitor sensitivity based on cell line panel and CRISPR screening results. We show that TNG348 induces cell death through a pathway that is distinct from PARPi and TNG348 demonstrates robust synergy when combined with first- or second-generation PARPi. The clinical development plan intends to evaluate TNG348 in patients with BRCA1/2 mutations as single agent and in combination with PARP1i in patients naïve to PARPi and with prior PARPi treatment history.
Citation Format: Antoine Simoneau, Hsin-Jung Wu, Madhavi Bandi, Katherine Lazarides, Sining Sun, Shangtao Liu, Samuel Meier, Ashley Choi, Hongxiang Zhang, Binzhang Shen, Douglas Whittington, Sirimas Sudsakorn, Wenhai Zhang, Yi Yu, Yong Liu, Colin Liang, Michael Palmieri, Yingnan Chen, Brian Haines, Alice Tsai, Minjie Zhang, Alan Huang, Jannik Andersen, Tianshu Feng, Scott Throner, John Maxwell. Characterization of the clinical development candidate TNG348 as a potent and selective inhibitor of USP1 for the treatment of BRCA1/2mut cancers. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 4968.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yi Yu
- 1Tango Therapeutics, Boston, MA
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4
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Briggs K, Cottrell K, Tsai A, Zhang M, Tonini M, Yoda S, Lombardo S, Teng T, Davis C, Whittington D, DiBenedetto H, Huang A, Maxwell J. TNG908 is a brain-penetrant, MTA-cooperative PRMT5 inhibitor for the treatment of MTAP-deleted cancer. Eur J Cancer 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(22)01021-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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5
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Briggs K, Tsai A, Zhang M, Tonini M, Haines B, Huang A, Cottrell K. TNG462 is a potential best-in-class MTA-cooperative PRMT5 inhibitor for the treatment of peripheral MTAP-deleted solid tumors. Eur J Cancer 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(22)01022-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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6
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Jorstad SG, Marscher AP, Raiteri CM, Villata M, Weaver ZR, Zhang H, Dong L, Gómez JL, Perel MV, Savchenko SS, Larionov VM, Carosati D, Chen WP, Kurtanidze OM, Marchini A, Matsumoto K, Mortari F, Aceti P, Acosta-Pulido JA, Andreeva T, Apolonio G, Arena C, Arkharov A, Bachev R, Banfi M, Bonnoli G, Borman GA, Bozhilov V, Carnerero MI, Damljanovic G, Ehgamberdiev SA, Elsässer D, Frasca A, Gabellini D, Grishina TS, Gupta AC, Hagen-Thorn VA, Hallum MK, Hart M, Hasuda K, Hemrich F, Hsiao HY, Ibryamov S, Irsmambetova TR, Ivanov DV, Joner MD, Kimeridze GN, Klimanov SA, Knött J, Kopatskaya EN, Kurtanidze SO, Kurtenkov A, Kuutma T, Larionova EG, Leonini S, Lin HC, Lorey C, Mannheim K, Marino G, Minev M, Mirzaqulov DO, Morozova DA, Nikiforova AA, Nikolashvili MG, Ovcharov E, Papini R, Pursimo T, Rahimov I, Reinhart D, Sakamoto T, Salvaggio F, Semkov E, Shakhovskoy DN, Sigua LA, Steineke R, Stojanovic M, Strigachev A, Troitskaya YV, Troitskiy IS, Tsai A, Valcheva A, Vasilyev AA, Vince O, Waller L, Zaharieva E, Chatterjee R. Rapid quasi-periodic oscillations in the relativistic jet of BL Lacertae. Nature 2022; 609:265-268. [PMID: 36071186 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05038-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Blazars are active galactic nuclei (AGN) with relativistic jets whose non-thermal radiation is extremely variable on various timescales1-3. This variability seems mostly random, although some quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs), implying systematic processes, have been reported in blazars and other AGN. QPOs with timescales of days or hours are especially rare4 in AGN and their nature is highly debated, explained by emitting plasma moving helically inside the jet5, plasma instabilities6,7 or orbital motion in an accretion disc7,8. Here we report results of intense optical and γ-ray flux monitoring of BL Lacertae (BL Lac) during a dramatic outburst in 2020 (ref. 9). BL Lac, the prototype of a subclass of blazars10, is powered by a 1.7 × 108 MSun (ref. 11) black hole in an elliptical galaxy (distance = 313 megaparsecs (ref. 12)). Our observations show QPOs of optical flux and linear polarization, and γ-ray flux, with cycles as short as approximately 13 h during the highest state of the outburst. The QPO properties match the expectations of current-driven kink instabilities6 near a recollimation shock about 5 parsecs (pc) from the black hole in the wake of an apparent superluminal feature moving down the jet. Such a kink is apparent in a microwave Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) image.
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Affiliation(s)
- S G Jorstad
- Institute for Astrophysical Research, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA. .,Astronomical Institute, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia.
| | - A P Marscher
- Institute for Astrophysical Research, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - C M Raiteri
- INAF, Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - M Villata
- INAF, Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Z R Weaver
- Institute for Astrophysical Research, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - H Zhang
- NASA Postdoctoral Program Fellow, Greenbelt, MD, USA.,NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - L Dong
- Department of Physics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - J L Gómez
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (CSIC), Granada, Spain
| | - M V Perel
- St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - S S Savchenko
- Astronomical Institute, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia.,Special Astrophysical Observatory, Russian Academy of Sciences, Nizhnii Arkhyz, Russia.,Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - V M Larionov
- Astronomical Institute, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia.,Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - D Carosati
- EPT Observatories, Tijarafe, La Palma, Spain.,INAF, TNG Fundación Galileo Galilei, La Palma, Spain
| | - W P Chen
- Graduate Institute of Astronomy, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - O M Kurtanidze
- Abastumani Observatory, Mt. Kanobili, Abastumani, Georgia.,Engelhardt Astronomical Observatory, Kazan Federal University, Tatarstan, Russia.,Zentrum für Astronomie der Universität Heidelberg, Landessternwarte, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Marchini
- Astronomical Observatory, Department of Physical Sciences, Earth and Environment, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - K Matsumoto
- Astronomical Institute, Osaka Kyoiku University, Kashiwara, Japan
| | | | - P Aceti
- Osservatorio Astronomico Città di Seveso, Seveso, Italy.,Department of Aerospace Science and Technology, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - J A Acosta-Pulido
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias and Dpto. de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - T Andreeva
- Institute of Applied Astronomy, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - G Apolonio
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - C Arena
- Gruppo Astrofili Catanesi (GAC), Catania, Italy
| | - A Arkharov
- Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - R Bachev
- Institute of Astronomy and National Astronomical Observatory, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - M Banfi
- Osservatorio Astronomico Città di Seveso, Seveso, Italy
| | - G Bonnoli
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (CSIC), Granada, Spain.,Astronomical Observatory, Department of Physical Sciences, Earth and Environment, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.,INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, Merate, Italy
| | - G A Borman
- Crimean Astrophysical Observatory RAS, Bakhchisaray, Crimea
| | - V Bozhilov
- Department of Astronomy, Faculty of Physics, University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - M I Carnerero
- INAF, Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | | | - S A Ehgamberdiev
- Ulugh Beg Astronomical Institute, Tashkent, Uzbekistan.,National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - D Elsässer
- Hans-Haffner-Sternwarte, Naturwissenschaftliches Labor für Schüler am FKG, Würzburg, Germany.,Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
| | - A Frasca
- INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | - T S Grishina
- Astronomical Institute, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - A C Gupta
- Aryabhatta Research Institute of Observational Sciences (ARIES), Nainital, India
| | - V A Hagen-Thorn
- Astronomical Institute, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - M K Hallum
- Institute for Astrophysical Research, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M Hart
- Institute for Astrophysical Research, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - K Hasuda
- Department of Physical Sciences, Aoyama Gakuin University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - F Hemrich
- Hans-Haffner-Sternwarte, Naturwissenschaftliches Labor für Schüler am FKG, Würzburg, Germany
| | - H Y Hsiao
- Graduate Institute of Astronomy, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - S Ibryamov
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Shumen, Shumen, Bulgaria
| | - T R Irsmambetova
- Sternberg Astronomical Institute, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - D V Ivanov
- Institute of Applied Astronomy, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - M D Joner
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - G N Kimeridze
- Abastumani Observatory, Mt. Kanobili, Abastumani, Georgia
| | | | - J Knött
- Hans-Haffner-Sternwarte, Naturwissenschaftliches Labor für Schüler am FKG, Würzburg, Germany
| | - E N Kopatskaya
- Astronomical Institute, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - S O Kurtanidze
- Abastumani Observatory, Mt. Kanobili, Abastumani, Georgia.,Zentrum für Astronomie der Universität Heidelberg, Landessternwarte, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Kurtenkov
- Institute of Astronomy and National Astronomical Observatory, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - T Kuutma
- Centro de Estudios de Física del Cosmos de Aragón, Teruel, Spain
| | - E G Larionova
- Astronomical Institute, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - S Leonini
- Montarrenti Observatory, Siena, Italy
| | - H C Lin
- Graduate Institute of Astronomy, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - C Lorey
- Hans-Haffner-Sternwarte, Naturwissenschaftliches Labor für Schüler am FKG, Würzburg, Germany
| | - K Mannheim
- Hans-Haffner-Sternwarte, Naturwissenschaftliches Labor für Schüler am FKG, Würzburg, Germany.,Lehrstuhl für Astronomie, Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - G Marino
- Gruppo Astrofili Catanesi (GAC), Catania, Italy.,Wild Boar Remote Observatory, Florence, Italy
| | - M Minev
- Department of Astronomy, Faculty of Physics, University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | | | - D A Morozova
- Astronomical Institute, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - A A Nikiforova
- Astronomical Institute, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia.,Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - M G Nikolashvili
- Abastumani Observatory, Mt. Kanobili, Abastumani, Georgia.,Zentrum für Astronomie der Universität Heidelberg, Landessternwarte, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - E Ovcharov
- Department of Astronomy, Faculty of Physics, University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - R Papini
- Wild Boar Remote Observatory, Florence, Italy
| | - T Pursimo
- Nordic Optical Telescope, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - I Rahimov
- Institute of Applied Astronomy, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - D Reinhart
- Hans-Haffner-Sternwarte, Naturwissenschaftliches Labor für Schüler am FKG, Würzburg, Germany
| | - T Sakamoto
- Department of Physical Sciences, Aoyama Gakuin University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - F Salvaggio
- Gruppo Astrofili Catanesi (GAC), Catania, Italy.,Wild Boar Remote Observatory, Florence, Italy
| | - E Semkov
- Institute of Astronomy and National Astronomical Observatory, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | | | - L A Sigua
- Abastumani Observatory, Mt. Kanobili, Abastumani, Georgia
| | - R Steineke
- Hans-Haffner-Sternwarte, Naturwissenschaftliches Labor für Schüler am FKG, Würzburg, Germany
| | - M Stojanovic
- Astronomical Observatory Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - A Strigachev
- Institute of Astronomy and National Astronomical Observatory, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Y V Troitskaya
- Astronomical Institute, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - I S Troitskiy
- Astronomical Institute, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - A Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Astronomy, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - A Valcheva
- Department of Astronomy, Faculty of Physics, University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - A A Vasilyev
- Astronomical Institute, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - O Vince
- Astronomical Observatory Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - L Waller
- Hans-Haffner-Sternwarte, Naturwissenschaftliches Labor für Schüler am FKG, Würzburg, Germany
| | - E Zaharieva
- Department of Astronomy, Faculty of Physics, University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - R Chatterjee
- Department of Physics, Presidency University, Kolkata, India
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7
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Briggs K, Corriea G, Tsai A, Zhang M, Tonini M, Wilker E, Davis C, Cottrell K, Maxwell J, Huang A. 24P Evidence for synergy between TNG908, an MTAPnull-selective PRMT5 inhibitor, and sotorasib in an MTAPnull/KRASG12C xenograft model. Ann Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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8
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Ash J, Tsai A. 451 Metastatic Cervical Cancer to the Duodenum: A Learning Point. Br J Surg 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znab259.289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Carcinoma of the Cervix is the second most common gynaecological malignancy. It usually spreads in a predictable manner with most via direct extension to surrounding structures. When distant metastases present, they usually spread haematogenously and via the lymphatics to the liver, lung and bone marrow. Metastatic spread to the duodenum is rare with only 15 reported cases identifying spread to the bowel.
Case Presentation
An 81-year-old lady presented with signs and symptoms consistent with bowel obstruction with a background of renal cell carcinoma and cervical cancer. Investigations identified gastric outlet obstruction. Subsequent oesophago-gastroduodenoscopy showed structuring at D1/D2 and a enteric stent was inserted. Biopsies taken at the time showed lymphovascular permeation of the mucosa and submucosa by nests of tumour cells resembling squamous cells. The cells were P16 and P63 positive and FISH analysis detected Human papilloma virus 16. The tissue was identified as metastatic cervical cancer. The patient subsequently did not want further interventions and was referred to palliative care and subsequently passed away due to her illness.
Conclusions
Few reported cases of metastatic cervical cancer to the bowel have been reported. Of these, most commonly they have presented with obstructive bowel symptoms and metastasised to the duodenum such as in this case. The pathophysiology for this manner of transmission is poorly understood in literature. Obstructive bowel symptoms on the background of cervical cancer should raise the possibility of metastases in future practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ash
- Croydon University Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - A Tsai
- Croydon University Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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9
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Spatz JM, Fulford MH, Tsai A, Gaudilliere D, Hedou J, Ganio E, Angst M, Aghaeepour N, Gaudilliere B. Human immune system adaptations to simulated microgravity revealed by single-cell mass cytometry. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11872. [PMID: 34099760 PMCID: PMC8184772 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90458-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to microgravity (µG) during space flights produces a state of immunosuppression, leading to increased viral shedding, which could interfere with long term missions. However, the cellular mechanisms that underlie the immunosuppressive effects of µG are ill-defined. A deep understanding of human immune adaptations to µG is a necessary first step to design data-driven interventions aimed at preserving astronauts' immune defense during short- and long-term spaceflights. We employed a high-dimensional mass cytometry approach to characterize over 250 cell-specific functional responses in 18 innate and adaptive immune cell subsets exposed to 1G or simulated (s)µG using the Rotating Wall Vessel. A statistically stringent elastic net method produced a multivariate model that accurately stratified immune responses observed in 1G and sµG (p value 2E-4, cross-validation). Aspects of our analysis resonated with prior knowledge of human immune adaptations to µG, including the dampening of Natural Killer, CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses. Remarkably, we found that sµG enhanced STAT5 signaling responses of immunosuppressive Tregs. Our results suggest µG exerts a dual effect on the human immune system, simultaneously dampening cytotoxic responses while enhancing Treg function. Our study provides a single-cell readout of sµG-induced immune dysfunctions and an analytical framework for future studies of human immune adaptations to human long-term spaceflights.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Spatz
- Department of Medicine, Metabolism Division, San Francisco Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine and Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - M Hughes Fulford
- Department of Medicine, Metabolism Division, San Francisco Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine and Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - A Tsai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Dr. Rm S238, Grant Bldg, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - D Gaudilliere
- Department of Surgery, Plastic Surgery Division, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - J Hedou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Dr. Rm S238, Grant Bldg, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - E Ganio
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Dr. Rm S238, Grant Bldg, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - M Angst
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Dr. Rm S238, Grant Bldg, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - N Aghaeepour
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Dr. Rm S238, Grant Bldg, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Brice Gaudilliere
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Dr. Rm S238, Grant Bldg, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
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10
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Abstract
An elderly woman was admitted to the hospital with generalised abdominal pain and bowel obstruction symptoms in a background of renal cell carcinoma and cervical cancer. Investigations showed a degree of gastric outlet obstruction with mild distension of the small bowel loops with no lead point seen and a raised alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Oesophago-gastroduodenoscopy (OGD) showed a stricture at D1/D2; therefore, an enteric stent was inserted. Biopsies showed metastatic cervical cancer. A few cases of metastatic cervical cancer to the duodenum have been reported. Obstructive bowel symptoms in the background of cervical cancer should raise the possibility of metastases in future practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Ash
- General Surgery, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Harlow, GBR
| | - Alice Tsai
- General Surgery, Croydon University Hospital, London, GBR
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11
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Heimbach T, Chen Y, Chen J, Dixit V, Parrott N, Peters SA, Poggesi I, Sharma P, Snoeys J, Shebley M, Tai G, Tse S, Upreti VV, Wang YH, Tsai A, Xia B, Zheng M, Zhu AZX, Hall S. Physiologically-Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling in Renal and Hepatic Impairment Populations: A Pharmaceutical Industry Perspective. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2020; 110:297-310. [PMID: 33270249 PMCID: PMC8359227 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.2125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The predictive performance of physiologically‐based pharmacokinetics (PBPK) models for pharmacokinetics (PK) in renal impairment (RI) and hepatic impairment (HI) populations was evaluated using clinical data from 29 compounds with 106 organ impairment study arms were collected from 19 member companies of the International Consortium for Innovation and Quality in Pharmaceutical Development. Fifty RI and 56 HI study arms with varying degrees of organ insufficiency along with control populations were evaluated. For RI, the area under the curve (AUC) ratios of RI to healthy control were predicted within twofold of the observed ratios for > 90% (N = 47/50 arms). For HI, > 70% (N = 43/56 arms) of the hepatically impaired to healthy control AUC ratios were predicted within twofold. Inaccuracies, typically overestimation of AUC ratios, occurred more in moderate and severe HI. PBPK predictions can help determine the need and timing of organ impairment study. It may be suitable for predicting the impact of RI on PK of drugs predominantly cleared by metabolism with varying contribution of renal clearance. PBPK modeling may be used to support mild impairment study waivers or clinical study design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tycho Heimbach
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Merck & Co., Inc, Rahway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Yuan Chen
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech, Inc, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jun Chen
- Clinical Pharmacology, Alkermes Inc, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Vaishali Dixit
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Kymera Therapeutics, Watertown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Neil Parrott
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Italo Poggesi
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, Janssen, Milan, Italy
| | - Pradeep Sharma
- Clinical Pharmacology & Quantitative Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology & Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jan Snoeys
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Janssen R&D, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Mohamad Shebley
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, AbbVie Inc, North Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Guoying Tai
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, GlaxoSmithKline Plc, Collegeville, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Susanna Tse
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Inc, Groton, Connecticut, USA
| | - Vijay V Upreti
- Clinical Pharmacology, Modeling & Simulation, Amgen Inc, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Ying-Hong Wang
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Drug Metabolism, Merck & Co, Inc, Kenilworth, New Jersey, USA
| | - Alice Tsai
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Binfeng Xia
- PK/PD Group, Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Sanofi, Bridgewater, New Jersey, USA
| | - Ming Zheng
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Andy Z X Zhu
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Takeda Pharmaceuticals International, Co, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Stephen Hall
- Department of Drug Disposition, Lilly, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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12
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Vaninetti M, Lim M, Khalaf A, Smith VM, Flowers M, Kunnel A, Yang E, Song D, Lin L, Tsai A, Golshan S, Lee R, Leung A. Cortical pain modulatory functional enhancement after rTMS associated with durable headache improvement in mTBI patients. Brain Stimul 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2020.06.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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13
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Bradshaw EL, Spilker ME, Zang R, Bansal L, He H, Jones RDO, Le K, Penney M, Schuck E, Topp B, Tsai A, Xu C, Nijsen MJMA, Chan JR. Applications of Quantitative Systems Pharmacology in Model-Informed Drug Discovery: Perspective on Impact and Opportunities. CPT Pharmacometrics Syst Pharmacol 2019; 8:777-791. [PMID: 31535440 PMCID: PMC6875708 DOI: 10.1002/psp4.12463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Quantitative systems pharmacology (QSP) approaches have been increasingly applied in the pharmaceutical since the landmark white paper published in 2011 by a National Institutes of Health working group brought attention to the discipline. In this perspective, we discuss QSP in the context of other modeling approaches and highlight the impact of QSP across various stages of drug development and therapeutic areas. We discuss challenges to the field as well as future opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mary E Spilker
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Richard Zang
- Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - Handan He
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, East Hanover, New Jersey, USA
| | | | - Kha Le
- Agios, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | - Brian Topp
- Merck & Co., Inc, Kenilworth, New Jersey, USA
| | - Alice Tsai
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | - Jason R Chan
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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14
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Broadway DA, Johnson BC, Barson MSJ, Lillie SE, Dontschuk N, McCloskey DJ, Tsai A, Teraji T, Simpson DA, Stacey A, McCallum JC, Bradby JE, Doherty MW, Hollenberg LCL, Tetienne JP. Microscopic Imaging of the Stress Tensor in Diamond Using in Situ Quantum Sensors. Nano Lett 2019; 19:4543-4550. [PMID: 31150580 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b01402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The precise measurement of mechanical stress at the nanoscale is of fundamental and technological importance. In principle, all six independent variables of the stress tensor, which describe the direction and magnitude of compression/tension and shear stress in a solid, can be exploited to tune or enhance the properties of materials and devices. However, existing techniques to probe the local stress are generally incapable of measuring the entire stress tensor. Here, we make use of an ensemble of atomic-sized in situ strain sensors in diamond (nitrogen-vacancy defects) to achieve spatial mapping of the full stress tensor, with a submicrometer spatial resolution and a sensitivity of the order of 1 MPa (10 MPa) for the shear (axial) stress components. To illustrate the effectiveness and versatility of the technique, we apply it to a broad range of experimental situations, including mapping the stress induced by localized implantation damage, nanoindents, and scratches. In addition, we observe surprisingly large stress contributions from functional electronic devices fabricated on the diamond and also demonstrate sensitivity to deformations of materials in contact with the diamond. Our technique could enable in situ measurements of the mechanical response of diamond nanostructures under various stimuli, with potential applications in strain engineering for diamond-based quantum technologies and in nanomechanical sensing for on-chip mass spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Broadway
- School of Physics , University of Melbourne , Parkville , VIC 3010 , Australia
- Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, School of Physics , University of Melbourne , Parkville , VIC 3010 , Australia
| | - B C Johnson
- School of Physics , University of Melbourne , Parkville , VIC 3010 , Australia
- Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, School of Physics , University of Melbourne , Parkville , VIC 3010 , Australia
| | - M S J Barson
- Laser Physics Centre, Research School of Physics and Engineering , The Australian National University , Canberra , ACT 2601 , Australia
| | - S E Lillie
- School of Physics , University of Melbourne , Parkville , VIC 3010 , Australia
- Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, School of Physics , University of Melbourne , Parkville , VIC 3010 , Australia
| | - N Dontschuk
- School of Physics , University of Melbourne , Parkville , VIC 3010 , Australia
- Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, School of Physics , University of Melbourne , Parkville , VIC 3010 , Australia
| | - D J McCloskey
- School of Physics , University of Melbourne , Parkville , VIC 3010 , Australia
| | - A Tsai
- School of Physics , University of Melbourne , Parkville , VIC 3010 , Australia
| | - T Teraji
- National Institute for Materials Science , Tsukuba , Ibaraki 305-0044 , Japan
| | - D A Simpson
- School of Physics , University of Melbourne , Parkville , VIC 3010 , Australia
| | - A Stacey
- Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, School of Physics , University of Melbourne , Parkville , VIC 3010 , Australia
- Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication , Clayton , VIC 3168 , Australia
| | - J C McCallum
- School of Physics , University of Melbourne , Parkville , VIC 3010 , Australia
| | - J E Bradby
- Department Electronic Materials Engineering, Research School of Physics and Engineering , The Australian National University , Canberra , ACT 2601 , Australia
| | - M W Doherty
- Laser Physics Centre, Research School of Physics and Engineering , The Australian National University , Canberra , ACT 2601 , Australia
| | - L C L Hollenberg
- School of Physics , University of Melbourne , Parkville , VIC 3010 , Australia
- Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, School of Physics , University of Melbourne , Parkville , VIC 3010 , Australia
| | - J-P Tetienne
- School of Physics , University of Melbourne , Parkville , VIC 3010 , Australia
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15
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Kirian R, Wang D, Takacs J, Tsai A, Cruz K, Rosello F, Cox K, Hashimura Y, Lembong J, Rowley J, Jung S, Ahsan T. Scaling a xeno-free fed-batch microcarrier suspension bioreactor system from development to production scale for manufacturing XF hMSCs. Cytotherapy 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2019.03.464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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16
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Parajuli R, Ly R, Ziogas A, Eapen A, Lane K, Chen J, Lin E, Mehta R, Tsai A. Abstract P3-01-16: Micro-cavity array system for size-based enrichment of circulating tumor cells and circulating cancer associated fibroblasts from blood of patients with breast cancer. Cancer Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs18-p3-01-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background:Circulating Tumor Cells(CTCs) have prognostic implications in patients with metastatic breast cancer(MBC).During the Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition(EMT), CTCs acquire a more mesenchymal phenotype. Hence, methodologies such as the Cell search that rely on the expression of an epithelial marker EpCAM in CTCs fail to capture a subset of CTCs undergoing the process of EMT and therefore do not adequately represent the true circulatory metastatic load. Hitachi chemicals has invented a size based micro cavity array (MCA) system that allows for the isolation of tumor cells based on the differences in size and deformability between tumor and blood cells. Photolithography and the metal plating can precisely control the filter pore size of our system. Our platform is more sensitive than the Cell Search method in detecting CTCs in Lung Cancer. Cancer Associated Fibroblasts (CAFs) are a major component of the breast tumor microenvironment. Using a micro filter capture technique, our co-authors have demonstrated that CAFs can be enumerated as circulating CAFs (cCAFs). Hitachi's Micro cavity Array System has not been evaluated in the detection of CTCs and cCAFs in patients with Breast Cancer. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate that CTCs and cCAFs can be enumerated using our platform and the cCAFs can serve as biomarkers of metastasis simultaneously with CTCs.
Method:We undertook a Pilot study of 20 patients each with breast cancer across Stage I, Stage II, Stage III and Stage IV. A total of 10ml of peripheral blood was obtained from each patient. Enumeration of CTCs and cCAFs was carried out by the size based mircocavity array system invented by Hitachi Chemicals. Identification of these cells was done by a triple Immunofluorescence staining for pan-CK (cytokeratin), FAP (Fibroblast Activated Protein) and CD45. CTCs were identified as CK+, CD45-, FAP- cells and cCAFs were identified as FAP+, CK- and CD 45 negative cells.
Result:Our method had a high cell recovery rate (90%or higher) and efficient white blood cells depletion rate (99.99%). We present the data from a total of 13 patients in this abstract, (two with stage III and eleven with stage IV breast cancer) . Data from rest of the subjects will be presented at the actual meeting. We detected the presence of CTCs in 11/11(100%) in patients with stage IV(mean of 44) and in 2 out of 2 (100%) patients with Stage III Breast Cancer. We detected the presence of cCAFs in 1 out of 2 patients( 50%) with stage III and in 8 of 11(81.8%) (mean of 9)patients with stage IV breast cancer( Fisher's exact test p-value= 0.42). The number of CTCs and cCAFs was significantly elevated in patients with MBC and the number was clinically associated with a high metastatic burden.
Conclusions:CTCs and cCAFs can be enumerated using a size based size based micro cavity array invented by Hitachi Chemicals that does not rely on the expression of epithelial markers in CTCs. CTCs and cCAFs can be detected in patients with stage III and stage IV breast cancer. CTCs and cCAFs were associated with high metastatic burden and their numbers were significantly elevated in patients with MBC. cCAFs could serve as biomarkers alongside of CTCs in MBC.
Citation Format: Parajuli R, Ly R, Ziogas A, Eapen A, Lane K, Chen J, Lin E, Mehta R, Tsai A. Micro-cavity array system for size-based enrichment of circulating tumor cells and circulating cancer associated fibroblasts from blood of patients with breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2018 Dec 4-8; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-01-16.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Parajuli
- University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA
| | - R Ly
- University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA
| | - A Ziogas
- University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA
| | - A Eapen
- University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA
| | - K Lane
- University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA
| | - J Chen
- University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA
| | - E Lin
- University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA
| | - R Mehta
- University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA
| | - A Tsai
- University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA
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17
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Leung A, Yang E, Lim M, Metzger-Smith V, Theilmann R, Song D, Lin L, Tsai A, Lee R. Pain-related white matter tract abnormalities in mild traumatic brain injury patients with persistent headache. Mol Pain 2018; 14:1744806918810297. [PMID: 30324850 PMCID: PMC6311536 DOI: 10.1177/1744806918810297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The occurrence of debilitating chronic persistent (24/7) headache after mild traumatic brain injury represents a central neuropathic pain state. Previous studies suggest that this chronic headache state can be attributed to altered supraspinal modulatory functional connectivity in both resting and evoked pain states. Abnormalities in the myelin sheaths along the supraspinal superior longitudinal fasciculus and anterior thalamic radiation are frequently associated with alteration in pain modulation related to functional connectivity deficit with the prefrontal cortex. This study assessed the correlated axonal injury-related white matter tract abnormality underlying these previously observed prefrontal functional connectivity deficits by comparing the fractional anisotropy, axial diffusivity, and radial diffusivity of brain white matter in patients with mild traumatic brain injury-related headache to healthy controls. Result Diffusion tensor imaging data from patients (N = 12, average age ± SD = 35.0 ± 8.0 years old, 10 male) with mild traumatic brain injury-headache were compared with images acquired from healthy controls. The mild traumatic brain injury cohort demonstrated two areas of significant (P < 0.01, F value >16, cluster size >50 voxels) white matter tract abnormalities closely related to pain affective and modulatory functions in (1) the left superior longitudinal fasciculus which connects the prefrontal cortices with the parietal cortices and (2) the right anterior thalamic radiation connecting the prefrontal cortices with the anterior cingulate cortex. In addition, a significant (P < 0.01) decrease in axial diffusivity and increase in radial diffusivity at the superior longitudinal fasciculus cluster were noted in the mild traumatic brain injury cohort. Conclusion The identified white matter tract abnormalities may represent a state of Wallerian degeneration which correlates with the functional connectivity deficit in pain modulation and can contribute to the development of the chronic persistent headache in the patients with mild traumatic brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Leung
- 1 Division of Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, The University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.,2 Veteran Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, CA, USA
| | - Eric Yang
- 3 The University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Michael Lim
- 3 The University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Rebecca Theilmann
- 4 Department of Radiology, The University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - David Song
- 2 Veteran Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, CA, USA.,5 Department of Neuroscience, The University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Lisa Lin
- 2 Veteran Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, CA, USA
| | - Alice Tsai
- 2 Veteran Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, CA, USA
| | - Roland Lee
- 2 Veteran Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, CA, USA.,4 Department of Radiology, The University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
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18
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Nijsen MJ, Wu F, Bansal L, Bradshaw‐Pierce E, Chan JR, Liederer BM, Mettetal JT, Schroeder P, Schuck E, Tsai A, Xu C, Chimalakonda A, Le K, Penney M, Topp B, Yamada A, Spilker ME. Preclinical QSP Modeling in the Pharmaceutical Industry: An IQ Consortium Survey Examining the Current Landscape. CPT Pharmacometrics Syst Pharmacol 2018; 7:135-146. [PMID: 29349875 PMCID: PMC5869550 DOI: 10.1002/psp4.12282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A cross-industry survey was conducted to assess the landscape of preclinical quantitative systems pharmacology (QSP) modeling within pharmaceutical companies. This article presents the survey results, which provide insights on the current state of preclinical QSP modeling in addition to future opportunities. Our results call attention to the need for an aligned definition and consistent terminology around QSP, yet highlight the broad applicability and benefits preclinical QSP modeling is currently delivering.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fan Wu
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical ResearchEast HanoverNew JerseyUSA
| | | | | | | | | | - Jerome T. Mettetal
- AstraZeneca, Drug Safety and Metabolism, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZenecaBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | | | | | - Alice Tsai
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals IncorporatedBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | | | | | - Kha Le
- AgiosBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | | | | | | | - Mary E. Spilker
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and DevelopmentSan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
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19
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Tsai A, Hughes EK, Fuller-Tyszkiewicz M, Buck K, Krug I. The Differential Effects of Mindfulness and Distraction on Affect and Body Satisfaction Following Food Consumption. Front Psychol 2017; 8:1696. [PMID: 29021770 PMCID: PMC5623713 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated whether engaging in mindfulness following food consumption produced changes in affect and body satisfaction, as compared to a control distraction task. The moderating effects of eating pathology and neuroticism were also examined. A total of 110 female university students consumed food and water before engaging in either a mindfulness induction or a control distraction task. Participants completed trait measures of eating pathology and neuroticism at baseline, and measures of state affect and body satisfaction before and after food consumption, and after the induction. Results revealed that consuming food and water reduced positive affect. Unexpectedly, both the mindfulness group and distraction control group experienced similar improvements in negative affect and body satisfaction following the induction. Eating pathology and neuroticism did not moderate the observed changes. These findings suggest that both mindfulness and distraction may contribute to the effectiveness of treatments for disordered eating that incorporate both of these techniques, such as Dialectical Behavior Therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Tsai
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Elizabeth K Hughes
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Matthew Fuller-Tyszkiewicz
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia.,Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC, Australia
| | - Kimberly Buck
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Southern Synergy, Department of Psychiatry, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Isabel Krug
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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20
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Wong H, Bohnert T, Damian-Iordache V, Gibson C, Hsu CP, Krishnatry AS, Liederer BM, Lin J, Lu Q, Mettetal JT, Mudra DR, Nijsen MJ, Schroeder P, Schuck E, Suryawanshi S, Trapa P, Tsai A, Wang H, Wu F. Translational pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic analysis in the pharmaceutical industry: an IQ Consortium PK-PD Discussion Group perspective. Drug Discov Today 2017; 22:1447-1459. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2017.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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21
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Leung A, Metzger-Smith V, He Y, Cordero J, Ehlert B, Song D, Lin L, Shahrokh G, Tsai A, Vaninetti M, Rutledge T, Polston G, Sheu R, Lee R. Left Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex rTMS in Alleviating MTBI Related Headaches and Depressive Symptoms. Neuromodulation 2017; 21:390-401. [DOI: 10.1111/ner.12615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Albert Leung
- Department of Anesthesiology; The University of California; San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Veteran Affairs San Diego Healthcare System; San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Yifan He
- Veteran Affairs San Diego Healthcare System; San Diego, CA, USA
| | - James Cordero
- Veteran Affairs San Diego Healthcare System; San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Brandon Ehlert
- Veteran Affairs San Diego Healthcare System; San Diego, CA, USA
| | - David Song
- Veteran Affairs San Diego Healthcare System; San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Neuroscience; The University of California; San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Lisa Lin
- Veteran Affairs San Diego Healthcare System; San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Alice Tsai
- Veteran Affairs San Diego Healthcare System; San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Michael Vaninetti
- Department of Anesthesiology; The University of California; San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Veteran Affairs San Diego Healthcare System; San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Thomas Rutledge
- Veteran Affairs San Diego Healthcare System; San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatric; The University of California; San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Greg Polston
- Department of Anesthesiology; The University of California; San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Veteran Affairs San Diego Healthcare System; San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Robert Sheu
- Naval Medical Center San Diego; San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Roland Lee
- Veteran Affairs San Diego Healthcare System; San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Radiology; The University of California; San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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22
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Bandarage UK, Clark MP, Perola E, Gao H, Jacobs MD, Tsai A, Gillespie J, Kennedy JM, Maltais F, Ledeboer MW, Davies I, Gu W, Byrn RA, Nti Addae K, Bennett H, Leeman JR, Jones SM, O’Brien C, Memmott C, Bennani Y, Charifson PS. Novel 2-Substituted 7-Azaindole and 7-Azaindazole Analogues as Potential Antiviral Agents for the Treatment of Influenza. ACS Med Chem Lett 2017; 8:261-265. [PMID: 28197323 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.6b00487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
JNJ-63623872 (2) is a first-in-class, orally bioavailable compound that offers significant potential for the treatment of pandemic and seasonal influenza. Early lead optimization efforts in our 7-azaindole series focused on 1,3-diaminocyclohexyl amide and urea substitutions on the pyrimidine-7-azaindole motif. In this work, we explored two strategies to eliminate observed aldehyde oxidase (AO)-mediated metabolism at the 2-position of these 7-azaindole analogues. Substitution at the 2-position of the azaindole ring generated somewhat less potent analogues, but reduced AO-mediated metabolism. Incorporation of a ring nitrogen generated 7-azaindazole analogues that were equipotent to the parent 2-H-7-azaindole, but surprisingly, did not appear to improve AO-mediated metabolism. Overall, we identified multiple 2-substituted 7-azaindole analogues with enhanced AO stability and we present data for one such compound (12) that demonstrate a favorable oral pharmacokinetic profile in rodents. These analogues have the potential to be further developed as anti-influenza agents for the treatment of influenza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Upul K. Bandarage
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Michael P. Clark
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Emanuele Perola
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Huai Gao
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Marc D. Jacobs
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Alice Tsai
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Jeffery Gillespie
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Joseph M. Kennedy
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - François Maltais
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Mark W. Ledeboer
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Ioana Davies
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Wenxin Gu
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Randal A. Byrn
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Kwame Nti Addae
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Hamilton Bennett
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Joshua R. Leeman
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Steven M. Jones
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Colleen O’Brien
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Christine Memmott
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Youssef Bennani
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Paul S. Charifson
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
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23
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Farmer LJ, Clark MP, Boyd MJ, Perola E, Jones SM, Tsai A, Jacobs MD, Bandarage UK, Ledeboer MW, Wang T, Deng H, Ledford B, Gu W, Duffy JP, Bethiel RS, Shannon D, Byrn RA, Leeman JR, Rijnbrand R, Bennett HB, O’Brien C, Memmott C, Nti-Addae K, Bennani YL, Charifson PS. Discovery of Novel, Orally Bioavailable β-Amino Acid Azaindole Inhibitors of Influenza PB2. ACS Med Chem Lett 2017; 8:256-260. [PMID: 28197322 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.6b00486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In our efforts to develop novel small-molecule inhibitors for the treatment of influenza, we utilized molecular modeling and the X-ray crystal structure of the PB2 subunit of the influenza polymerase to optimize a series of acyclic β-amino acid inhibitors, highlighted by compound 4. Compound 4 showed good oral exposure in both rat and mouse. More importantly, it showed strong potency versus multiple influenza-A strains, including pandemic 2009 H1N1 and avian H5N1 strains and showed a strong efficacy profile in a mouse influenza model even when treatment was initiated 48 h after infection. Compound 4 offers good oral bioavailability with great potential for the treatment of both pandemic and seasonal influenza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luc J. Farmer
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc., 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Michael P. Clark
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc., 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Michael J. Boyd
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc., 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Emanuele Perola
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc., 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Steven M. Jones
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc., 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Alice Tsai
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc., 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Marc D. Jacobs
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc., 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Upul K. Bandarage
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc., 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Mark W. Ledeboer
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc., 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Tiansheng Wang
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc., 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Hongbo Deng
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc., 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Brian Ledford
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc., 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Wenxin Gu
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc., 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - John P. Duffy
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc., 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Randy S. Bethiel
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc., 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Dean Shannon
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc., 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Randal A. Byrn
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc., 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Joshua R. Leeman
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc., 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Rene Rijnbrand
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc., 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Hamilton B. Bennett
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc., 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Colleen O’Brien
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc., 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Christine Memmott
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc., 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Kwame Nti-Addae
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc., 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Youssef L. Bennani
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc., 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Paul S. Charifson
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc., 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
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24
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Leung A, Shukla S, Yang E, Canlas B, Kadokana M, Heald J, Davani A, Song D, Lin L, Polston G, Tsai A, Lee R. Diminished supraspinal pain modulation in patients with mild traumatic brain injury. Mol Pain 2016; 12:12/0/1744806916662661. [PMID: 27531671 PMCID: PMC4989585 DOI: 10.1177/1744806916662661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic pain conditions are highly prevalent in patients with mild traumatic brain injury. Supraspinal diffuse axonal injury is known to dissociate brain functional connectivity in these patients. The effect of this dissociated state on supraspinal pain network is largely unknown. A functional magnetic resonance imaging study was conducted to compare the supraspinal pain network in patients with mild traumatic brain injury to the gender and age-matched healthy controls with the hypothesis that the functional connectivities of the medial prefrontal cortices, a supraspinal pain modulatory region to other pain-related sensory discriminatory and affective regions in the mild traumatic brain injury subjects are significantly reduced in comparison to healthy controls. Results The mild traumatic brain injury group (N = 15) demonstrated significantly (P < 0.01, cluster threshold > 150 voxels) less activities in the thalamus, pons, anterior cingulate cortex, insula, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and medial prefrontal cortices than the healthy control group (N = 15). Granger Causality Analyses (GCA) indicated while the left medial prefrontal cortices of the healthy control group cast a noticeable degree of outward (to affect) causality inference to multiple pain processing related regions, this outward inference pattern was not observed in the mild traumatic brain injury group. On the other hand, only patients’ bilateral anterior cingulate cortex received multiple inward (to be affected) causality inferences from regions including the primary and secondary somatosensory cortices and the inferior parietal lobe. Resting state functional connectivity analyses indicated that the medial prefrontal cortices of the mild traumatic brain injury group demonstrated a significantly (P < 0.01, F = 3.6, cluster size > 150 voxels) higher degree of functional connectivity to the inferior parietal lobe, premotor and secondary somatosensory cortex than the controls. Conversely, the anterior cingulate cortex of the healthy group demonstrated significantly (P < 0.01, F = 3.84, cluster size > 150 voxels) less degree of functional connectivities to the inferior parietal lobe and secondary somatosensory cortex than their mild traumatic brain injury counterparts. Conclusions In short, the current study demonstrates that patients with mild traumatic brain injury and headaches appear to have an altered state of supraspinal modulatory and affective functions related to pain perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Leung
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of California, San Diego, CA, USA Veteran Administration San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Shivshil Shukla
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of California, San Diego, CA, USA Veteran Administration San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Eric Yang
- The University of California, San Diego, USA
| | | | | | - Jason Heald
- Drexel University, College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ariea Davani
- St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - David Song
- Veteran Administration San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA Department of Neuroscience, The University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Lisa Lin
- Veteran Administration San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Greg Polston
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of California, San Diego, CA, USA Veteran Administration San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Alice Tsai
- Veteran Administration San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Roland Lee
- Veteran Administration San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA Department of Radiology, The University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
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25
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Du X, Gao X, Moore S, Liu Y, Wang X, Han L, Zhang M, Su Y, Tsai A, Lambert G, Kiriazis H, Gao W, Dart A. Splenic Release of Platelets Contributes to Increased Circulating Platelet Size and Inflammation After Myocardial Infarction (MI). Heart Lung Circ 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2016.06.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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26
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Sochol RD, Sweet E, Glick CC, Venkatesh S, Avetisyan A, Ekman KF, Raulinaitis A, Tsai A, Wienkers A, Korner K, Hanson K, Long A, Hightower BJ, Slatton G, Burnett DC, Massey TL, Iwai K, Lee LP, Pister KSJ, Lin L. 3D printed microfluidic circuitry via multijet-based additive manufacturing. Lab Chip 2016; 16:668-78. [PMID: 26725379 PMCID: PMC4979982 DOI: 10.1039/c5lc01389e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The miniaturization of integrated fluidic processors affords extensive benefits for chemical and biological fields, yet traditional, monolithic methods of microfabrication present numerous obstacles for the scaling of fluidic operators. Recently, researchers have investigated the use of additive manufacturing or "three-dimensional (3D) printing" technologies - predominantly stereolithography - as a promising alternative for the construction of submillimeter-scale fluidic components. One challenge, however, is that current stereolithography methods lack the ability to simultaneously print sacrificial support materials, which limits the geometric versatility of such approaches. In this work, we investigate the use of multijet modelling (alternatively, polyjet printing) - a layer-by-layer, multi-material inkjetting process - for 3D printing geometrically complex, yet functionally advantageous fluidic components comprised of both static and dynamic physical elements. We examine a fundamental class of 3D printed microfluidic operators, including fluidic capacitors, fluidic diodes, and fluidic transistors. In addition, we evaluate the potential to advance on-chip automation of integrated fluidic systems via geometric modification of component parameters. Theoretical and experimental results for 3D fluidic capacitors demonstrated that transitioning from planar to non-planar diaphragm architectures improved component performance. Flow rectification experiments for 3D printed fluidic diodes revealed a diodicity of 80.6 ± 1.8. Geometry-based gain enhancement for 3D printed fluidic transistors yielded pressure gain of 3.01 ± 0.78. Consistent with additional additive manufacturing methodologies, the use of digitally-transferrable 3D models of fluidic components combined with commercially-available 3D printers could extend the fluidic routing capabilities presented here to researchers in fields beyond the core engineering community.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. D. Sochol
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, USA
- Berkeley Sensor and Actuator Center, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, USA
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, USA
- 2147 Glenn L. Martin Hall, Building 088, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA;
| | - E. Sweet
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, USA
- Berkeley Sensor and Actuator Center, USA
| | - C. C. Glick
- Berkeley Sensor and Actuator Center, USA
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, USA
| | - S. Venkatesh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, USA
- Berkeley Sensor and Actuator Center, USA
| | - A. Avetisyan
- Department of Process Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - K. F. Ekman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, USA
- Berkeley Sensor and Actuator Center, USA
| | - A. Raulinaitis
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, USA
- Berkeley Sensor and Actuator Center, USA
| | - A. Tsai
- Berkeley Sensor and Actuator Center, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, USA
| | - A. Wienkers
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, USA
- Berkeley Sensor and Actuator Center, USA
| | - K. Korner
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, USA
- Berkeley Sensor and Actuator Center, USA
| | - K. Hanson
- Berkeley Sensor and Actuator Center, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, USA
| | - A. Long
- Berkeley Sensor and Actuator Center, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, USA
| | - B. J. Hightower
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, USA
- Berkeley Sensor and Actuator Center, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - G. Slatton
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, USA
- Berkeley Sensor and Actuator Center, USA
| | - D. C. Burnett
- Berkeley Sensor and Actuator Center, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, USA
| | - T. L. Massey
- Berkeley Sensor and Actuator Center, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, USA
| | - K. Iwai
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, USA
- Berkeley Sensor and Actuator Center, USA
| | - L. P. Lee
- Berkeley Sensor and Actuator Center, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, USA
| | - K. S. J. Pister
- Berkeley Sensor and Actuator Center, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, USA
| | - L. Lin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, USA
- Berkeley Sensor and Actuator Center, USA
- 621E Sutardja Dai Hall, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA;
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27
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Murry J, Tsai A, Graupe M, Jones G, Tsiang M, Arvey A, Li L, Stepan G, Yu H, Cihlar T, Sloan D, Lalezari J. Cyanotriazoles activate latent HIV and strongly synergize with proteasome inhibitors ex vivo in resting CD4 T cells from suppressed HIV + donors. J Virus Erad 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s2055-6640(20)31324-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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28
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Nordstrom J, Sloan D, Lam CK, Irrinki A, Liu L, Tsai A, Pace C, Kaur J, Murry J, Balakrishnan M, Moore P, Johnson S, Cihlar T, Koenig S. Targeting HIV reservoir by DART molecules that recruit T cells to HIV Env expressing cells: comparison of HIV arms derived from broadly reactive neutralizing or non-neutralizing anti-Env antibodies. J Virus Erad 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s2055-6640(20)31331-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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29
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Leung A, Shukla S, Fallah A, Song D, Lin L, Golshan S, Tsai A, Jak A, Polston G, Lee R. Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Managing Mild Traumatic Brain Injury-Related Headaches. Neuromodulation 2015; 19:133-41. [DOI: 10.1111/ner.12364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Revised: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Albert Leung
- Veteran Administration San Diego Healthcare System; La Jolla CA USA
| | - Shivshil Shukla
- Veteran Administration San Diego Healthcare System; La Jolla CA USA
| | - Amir Fallah
- Veteran Administration San Diego Healthcare System; La Jolla CA USA
| | - David Song
- Veteran Administration San Diego Healthcare System; La Jolla CA USA
| | - Lisa Lin
- Veteran Administration San Diego Healthcare System; La Jolla CA USA
| | - Shahrokh Golshan
- Veteran Administration San Diego Healthcare System; La Jolla CA USA
- Biostatistics Core; Veterans Medical Research Foundation; San Diego CA USA
| | - Alice Tsai
- Veteran Administration San Diego Healthcare System; La Jolla CA USA
| | - Amy Jak
- Veteran Administration San Diego Healthcare System; La Jolla CA USA
| | - Greg Polston
- Veteran Administration San Diego Healthcare System; La Jolla CA USA
| | - Roland Lee
- Veteran Administration San Diego Healthcare System; La Jolla CA USA
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30
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Ng C, Tsai A. Proximate context of HIV-related stigma and utilization of skilled
childbirth services in Uganda. Ann Glob Health 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aogh.2015.02.802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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31
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Schuck E, Bohnert T, Chakravarty A, Damian-Iordache V, Gibson C, Hsu CP, Heimbach T, Krishnatry AS, Liederer BM, Lin J, Maurer T, Mettetal JT, Mudra DR, Nijsen MJ, Raybon J, Schroeder P, Schuck V, Suryawanshi S, Su Y, Trapa P, Tsai A, Vakilynejad M, Wang S, Wong H. Preclinical pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modeling and simulation in the pharmaceutical industry: an IQ consortium survey examining the current landscape. AAPS J 2015; 17:462-73. [PMID: 25630504 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-014-9716-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The application of modeling and simulation techniques is increasingly common in preclinical stages of the drug discovery and development process. A survey focusing on preclinical pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) analysis was conducted across pharmaceutical companies that are members of the International Consortium for Quality and Innovation in Pharmaceutical Development. Based on survey responses, ~68% of companies use preclinical PK/PD analysis in all therapeutic areas indicating its broad application. An important goal of preclinical PK/PD analysis in all pharmaceutical companies is for the selection/optimization of doses and/or dose regimens, including prediction of human efficacious doses. Oncology was the therapeutic area with the most PK/PD analysis support and where it showed the most impact. Consistent use of more complex systems pharmacology models and hybrid physiologically based pharmacokinetic models with PK/PD components was less common compared to traditional PK/PD models. Preclinical PK/PD analysis is increasingly being included in regulatory submissions with ~73% of companies including these data to some degree. Most companies (~86%) have seen impact of preclinical PK/PD analyses in drug development. Finally, ~59% of pharmaceutical companies have plans to expand their PK/PD modeling groups over the next 2 years indicating continued growth. The growth of preclinical PK/PD modeling groups in pharmaceutical industry is necessary to establish required resources and skills to further expand use of preclinical PK/PD modeling in a meaningful and impactful manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar Schuck
- Modeling and Simulation, Eisai Inc., 155 Tice Blvd, Woodcliff Lake, NJ, 07677, USA,
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32
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Gao X, Tsai A, Su Y, Moore S, Kiriazis H, Du X. Inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) prevents inflammation associated cardiac rupture post myocardial infarction (MI). Heart Lung Circ 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2015.06.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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33
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Clark MP, Ledeboer MW, Davies I, Byrn RA, Jones SM, Perola E, Tsai A, Jacobs M, Nti-Addae K, Bandarage UK, Boyd MJ, Bethiel RS, Court JJ, Deng H, Duffy JP, Dorsch WA, Farmer LJ, Gao H, Gu W, Jackson K, Jacobs DH, Kennedy JM, Ledford B, Liang J, Maltais F, Murcko M, Wang T, Wannamaker MW, Bennett HB, Leeman JR, McNeil C, Taylor WP, Memmott C, Jiang M, Rijnbrand R, Bral C, Germann U, Nezami A, Zhang Y, Salituro FG, Bennani YL, Charifson PS. Discovery of a Novel, First-in-Class, Orally Bioavailable Azaindole Inhibitor (VX-787) of Influenza PB2. J Med Chem 2014; 57:6668-78. [DOI: 10.1021/jm5007275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael P. Clark
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc., 50 Northern Ave, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Mark W. Ledeboer
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc., 50 Northern Ave, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Ioana Davies
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc., 50 Northern Ave, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Randal A. Byrn
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc., 50 Northern Ave, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Steven M. Jones
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc., 50 Northern Ave, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Emanuele Perola
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc., 50 Northern Ave, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Alice Tsai
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc., 50 Northern Ave, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Marc Jacobs
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc., 50 Northern Ave, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Kwame Nti-Addae
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc., 50 Northern Ave, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Upul K. Bandarage
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc., 50 Northern Ave, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Michael J. Boyd
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc., 50 Northern Ave, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Randy S. Bethiel
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc., 50 Northern Ave, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - John J. Court
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc., 50 Northern Ave, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Hongbo Deng
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc., 50 Northern Ave, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - John P. Duffy
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc., 50 Northern Ave, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Warren A. Dorsch
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc., 50 Northern Ave, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Luc J. Farmer
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals (Canada) Inc., 275 Armand-Frappier, Laval, Quebec H7V 4A7, Canada
| | - Huai Gao
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc., 50 Northern Ave, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Wenxin Gu
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc., 50 Northern Ave, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Katrina Jackson
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc., 50 Northern Ave, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Dylan H. Jacobs
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc., 50 Northern Ave, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Joseph M. Kennedy
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc., 50 Northern Ave, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Brian Ledford
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc., 50 Northern Ave, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Jianglin Liang
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc., 50 Northern Ave, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - François Maltais
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc., 50 Northern Ave, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Mark Murcko
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc., 50 Northern Ave, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Tiansheng Wang
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc., 50 Northern Ave, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - M. Woods Wannamaker
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc., 50 Northern Ave, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Hamilton B. Bennett
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc., 50 Northern Ave, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Joshua R. Leeman
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc., 50 Northern Ave, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Colleen McNeil
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc., 50 Northern Ave, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - William P. Taylor
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc., 50 Northern Ave, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Christine Memmott
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc., 50 Northern Ave, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Min Jiang
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc., 50 Northern Ave, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Rene Rijnbrand
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc., 50 Northern Ave, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Christopher Bral
- Arrowhead Research Corporation, 465 Science Drive, Suite C, Madison, Wisconsin 53711, United States
| | - Ursula Germann
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc., 50 Northern Ave, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Azin Nezami
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc., 50 Northern Ave, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Yuegang Zhang
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc., 50 Northern Ave, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | | | - Youssef L. Bennani
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals (Canada) Inc., 275 Armand-Frappier, Laval, Quebec H7V 4A7, Canada
| | - Paul S. Charifson
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc., 50 Northern Ave, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
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McQueen FM, Doyle A, Reeves Q, Gao A, Tsai A, Gamble GD, Curteis B, Williams M, Dalbeth N. Bone erosions in patients with chronic gouty arthropathy are associated with tophi but not bone oedema or synovitis: new insights from a 3 T MRI study. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2013; 53:95-103. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/ket329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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35
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Tekle W, Chaudhry S, Hassan A, Peacock J, Lakshminarayan K, Tsai A, Luepker R, Anderson D, Qureshi A. Intravenous Thrombolysis in 3-4.5 Hours: Utilization and Outcomes - Analysis of the Minnesota Stroke Registry (P02.192). Neurology 2012. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.78.1_meetingabstracts.p02.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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36
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Rapp B, Tsai A, Jester A, Fajardo A, Lemmon G, Motaganahalli R, Akingba G, Sawchuk A, Cikrit D, Dalsing M, Murphy M. Dog Bites And Vascular Injury: A Retrospective Review From A Level I Trauma Center. J Surg Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2010.11.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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37
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Tischer T, Ronga M, Tsai A, Ingham SJM, Ekdahl M, Smolinski P, Fu FH. Biomechanics of the goat three bundle anterior cruciate ligament. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2009; 17:935-40. [PMID: 19357837 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-009-0784-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2008] [Accepted: 03/09/2009] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The goat is a widely used animal model for basic research on the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), but the biomechanical role of the different bundles [intermediate (IM), anteromedial (AM), posterolateral (PL)] of the ACL is unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study is to describe the biomechanical function of the different bundles and evaluate its use for a double bundle ACL reconstruction model. A CASPAR Stäubli RX90 robot with a six degree-of-freedom load cell was used for measurement of anterior tibial translation (ATT) (mm) and in situ forces (N) at 30 degrees (full extension), 60 degrees , 90 degrees as well as rotational testing at 30 degrees in 14 paired goat knees before and after each bundle was cut. When the AM-bundle was cut, the ATT increased significantly at 60 degrees and 90 degrees of flexion (p < 0.05). When the PL-bundle was cut, the ATT increased only at 30 degrees. However, most load was transferred through the big AM-bundle while the PL-bundle shared significant load only at 30 degrees, with only minimal contribution from the IM-bundle at all flexion degrees. The observed biomechanical results in this study are similar to the human ACL observed previously in the literature. Though anatomically discernible, the IM-bundle plays only an inferior role in ATT and might be neglected as a separate bundle during reconstruction. The goat ACL shows some differences to the human ACL, whereas the main functions of the ACL bundles are similar.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Tischer
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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Fonteh AN, Harrington RJ, Tsai A, Liao P, Harrington MG. Free amino acid and dipeptide changes in the body fluids from Alzheimer's disease subjects. Amino Acids 2006; 32:213-24. [PMID: 17031479 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-006-0409-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2006] [Accepted: 05/03/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Our aim was to determine changes in free amino acid (FAA) and dipeptide (DP) concentrations in probable Alzheimer's disease (pAD) subjects compared with control (CT) subjects using liquid chromatography and electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LCMS2). We recruited gender- and age-matched study participants based on neurological and neuropsychological assessments. We measured FAAs and DPs in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), plasma and urine using LCMS2 with selected reaction monitoring (SRM). Imidazole-containing FAAs (histidine, methyl-histidine), catecholamines (L-DOPA and dopamine), citrulline, ornithine, glycine and antioxidant DPs (carnosine and anserine) accounted for the major changes between CT and pAD. Carnosine levels were significantly lower in pAD (328.4 +/- 91.31 nmol/dl) than in CT plasma (654.23 +/- 100.61 nmol/dl). In contrast, L-DOPA levels were higher in pAD (1400.84 +/- 253.68) than CT (513.10 +/- 121.61 nmol/dl) plasma. These data underscore the importance of FAA and DP metabolism in the pathogenesis of AD. Since our data show changes in antioxidants, neurotransmitters and their precursors, or FAA associated with urea metabolism in pAD compared with CT, we propose that manipulation of these metabolic pathways may be important in preventing AD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- A N Fonteh
- Molecular Neurology Program, Huntington Medical Research Institutes, Pasadena, CA 91101-1830, USA.
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39
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Tsai A, Wells W, Tempany C, Grimson E, Willsky A. Mutual information in coupled multi-shape model for medical image segmentation. Med Image Anal 2005; 8:429-45. [PMID: 15567707 DOI: 10.1016/j.media.2004.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2003] [Revised: 01/12/2004] [Accepted: 01/20/2004] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents extensions which improve the performance of the shape-based deformable active contour model presented earlier in [IEEE Conf. Comput. Vision Pattern Recog. 1 (2001) 463] for medical image segmentation. In contrast to that previous work, the segmentation framework that we present in this paper allows multiple shapes to be segmented simultaneously in a seamless fashion. To achieve this, multiple signed distance functions are employed as the implicit representations of the multiple shape classes within the image. A parametric model for this new representation is derived by applying principal component analysis to the collection of these multiple signed distance functions. By deriving a parametric model in this manner, we obtain a coupling between the multiple shapes within the image and hence effectively capture the co-variations among the different shapes. The parameters of the multi-shape model are then calculated to minimize a single mutual information-based cost criterion for image segmentation. The use of a single cost criterion further enhances the coupling between the multiple shapes as the deformation of any given shape depends, at all times, upon every other shape, regardless of their proximity. We found that this resulting algorithm is able to effectively utilize the co-dependencies among the different shapes to aid in the segmentation process. It is able to capture a wide range of shape variability despite being a parametric shape-model. And finally, the algorithm is robust to large amounts of additive noise. We demonstrate the utility of this segmentation framework by applying it to a medical application: the segmentation of the prostate gland, the rectum, and the internal obturator muscles for MR-guided prostate brachytherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Tsai
- Laboratory for Information and Decision Systems (LIDS), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Room #35-427, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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40
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Lu YM, Lin YR, Tsai A, Hsao YS, Li CC, Cheng MY. Dissecting the pet18 mutation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: HTL1 encodes a 7-kDa polypeptide that interacts with components of the RSC complex. Mol Genet Genomics 2003; 269:321-30. [PMID: 12684875 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-003-0835-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2002] [Accepted: 02/28/2003] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The yeast pet18 mutant exhibits three distinct phenotypes: temperature-sensitive lethality, failure to maintain a dsRNA virus, and respiration deficiency. We have isolated a yeast mutant, H53, with phenotypes identical to those of pet18. Based on PCR and Southern hybridization analysis, H53 was found to result from a large chromosomal deletion extending from YCR019w to YCR028c on chromosome III. Genetic analysis was carried out on H53 to correlate individual loci with each of the observed phenotypes. Disruption of YCR020c-a/MAK31 brought about a loss of dsRNA without affecting the temperature sensitive phenotype. The loss of YCR020w-b/HTL1, which encodes a hypothetical protein of 78 amino acids in length, was shown to be responsible for the temperature-sensitive lethality of the H53 mutant. Using immunoblotting, we demonstrated that a 7-kDa protein was indeed expressed in wild-type yeast, but not in a HTL1 deletion mutant. Moreover, the significance of HTL1 was investigated by isolating genes that are functionally associated with HTL1. We demonstrated that Rsc8p interacts physically with Htl1p, and that the genes RSC3, STH1 and RSC30 interact with HTL1. Thus, HTL1 may play a role in the function of the RSC complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-M Lu
- Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, 155 Li-nung St. Sec2, 112, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
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41
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Manjula BN, Tsai A, Upadhya R, Perumalsamy K, Smith PK, Malavalli A, Vandegriff K, Winslow RM, Intaglietta M, Prabhakaran M, Friedman JM, Acharya AS. Site-specific PEGylation of hemoglobin at Cys-93(beta): correlation between the colligative properties of the PEGylated protein and the length of the conjugated PEG chain. Bioconjug Chem 2003; 14:464-72. [PMID: 12643758 DOI: 10.1021/bc0200733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Increasing the molecular size of acellular hemoglobin (Hb) has been proposed as an approach to reduce its undesirable vasoactive properties. The finding that bovine Hb surface decorated with about 10 copies of PEG5K per tetramer is vasoactive provides support for this concept. The PEGylated bovine Hb has a strikingly larger molecular radius than HbA (1). The colligative properties of the PEGylated bovine Hb are distinct from those of HbA and even polymerized Hb, suggesting a role for the colligative properties of PEGylated Hb in neutralizing the vasoactivity of acellular Hb. To correlate the colligative properties of surface-decorated Hb with the mass of the PEG attached and also its vasoactivity, we have developed a new maleimide-based protocol for the site-specific conjugation of PEG to Hb, taking advantage of the unusually high reactivity of Cys-93(beta) of oxy HbA and the high reactivity of the maleimide to protein thiols. PEG chains of 5, 10, and 20 kDa have been functionalized at one of their hydroxyl groups with a maleidophenyl moiety through a carbamate linkage and used to conjugate the PEG chains at the beta-93 Cys of HbA to generate PEGylated Hbs carrying two copies of PEG (of varying chain length) per tetramer. Homogeneous preparations of (SP-PEG5K)(2)-HbA, (SP-PEG10K)(2)-HbA, and (SP-PEG20K)(2)-HbA have been isolated by ion exchange chromatography. The oxygen affinity of Hb is increased slightly on PEGylation, but the length of the PEG-chain had very little additional influence on the O(2) affinity. Both the hydrodynamic volume and the molecular radius of the Hb increased on surface decoration with PEG and exhibited a linear correlation with the mass of the PEG chain attached. On the other hand, both the viscosity and the colloidal osmotic pressure (COP) of the PEGylated Hbs exhibited an exponential increase with the increase in PEG chain length. In contrast to the molecular volume, viscosity, and COP, the vasoactivity of the PEGylated Hbs was not a direct correlate of the PEG chain length. There appeared to be a threshold for the PEG chain length beyond which the protection against vasoactivity is decreased. These results suggest that the modulation of the vasoactivity of Hb by PEG could be a function of the surface shielding afforded by the PEG, the latter being a function of the disposition of the PEG chain on the protein surface, which in turn is a function of the length of the PEG chain. Thus, the biochemically homogeneous PEGylated Hbs described in the present study, surface-decorated with PEG chains of appropriate size, could serve as potential candidates for Hb-based oxygen carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- B N Manjula
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA.
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42
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Abstract
This paper presents extensions which improve the performance of the shape-based deformable active contour model presented earlier in [9]. In contrast to that work, the segmentation framework that we present in this paper allows multiple shapes to be segmented simultaneously in a seamless fashion. To achieve this, multiple signed distance functions are employed as the implicit representations of the multiple shape classes within the image. A parametric model for this new representation is derived by applying principal component analysis to the collection of these multiple signed distance functions. By deriving a parametric model in this manner, we obtain a coupling between the multiple shapes within the image and hence effectively capture the co-variations among the different shapes. The parameters of the multi-shape model are then calculated to minimize a single mutual information-based cost functional for image segmentation. The use of a single cost criterion further enhances the coupling between the multiple shapes as the deformation of any given shape depends, at all times, upon every other shape, regardless of their proximity. We demonstrate the utility of this algorithm to the segmentation of the prostate gland, the rectum, and the internal obturator muscles for MR-guided prostate brachytherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Tsai
- Laboratory for Information and Decision Systems, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
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43
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Takahashi K, Iwanami M, Tsai A, Chang PL, Harlow RL, Harris LE, McCaskie JE, Pfluger CE, Dittmer DC. Iron complexes of thioacroleins derived from thietes. J Am Chem Soc 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ja00799a046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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44
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Qi Li, Jinsong Zheng, Tsai A, Qiru Zhou. Robust endpoint detection and energy normalization for real-time speech and speaker recognition. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1109/tsa.2002.1001979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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45
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Tsai
- Stepping Stones of Rockford, Inc., IL 61103, USA.
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46
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Abstract
Chuan-Lin Alice Tsai is the Consumer Representative at Stepping Stones of Rockford, Inc., a community mental health agency in northern Illinois that provides rehabilitation and housing for adults with mental illness. "Consumers" are people with a diagnosis of mental illness or people who are receiving services for mental illness. She served as Chair of the Consumer Family Forum Spring Conference in 2001 and Vice-Chair of the Consumer/Family Forum in 2000 and 2001. The Consumer/Family Forum of the Northwest Network is the consumer, family, and provider organization for the nine northern counties of Illinois.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Tsai
- Stepping Stones of Rockford, Inc, IL 61103, USA.
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47
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Abstract
Post-curing treatments have been known to improve the mechanical stability of visible light-cured composites. After individual post-curing treatment, the flexural strength (FS) of four commercial direct/indirect placement composite materials which differ greatly in composition [oligocarbonate dimethacrylate (OCDMA)-based Conquest C & B (CQT), Bisphenol-A glycidyl dimethacrylate (BisGMA)-based Charisma, urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA)-based Concept (CCT), and BisGMA/UDMA-based Dentacolor] was evaluated under water in the temperature range of 12-50 degrees C. A control series was tested in air at room temperature (25 +/- 1 degrees C). Data were analysed using ANOVA and Duncan's test. Flexural strengths overall decreased (20-40%, P < 0.01) with increasing temperatures except with Conquest C & B. Surprisingly, higher FS values were found in wet conditions than in dry conditions at 25 degrees C. UDMA-based materials much more easily undergo softening in water and by temperature change than do BisGMA- or OCDMA-based materials. Post-cured composites can be significantly affected by exposure to oral environments. Different composition determines the degree of influence.
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Affiliation(s)
- C T Ho
- Dental Department of Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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48
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Abstract
The success rate for treating phobias with in vivo exposure is high. Unfortunately, few phobics (less than 15-20%) ever seek treatment. Virtual reality (VR) exposure therapy is also proving to be highly effective. The present surveys assessed 162 students high in fear of spiders. In Study 1, when asked to choose between multisession in vivo exposure vs. multisession VR exposure therapy, 81% chose VR. In Study 2, comparing one-session in vivo versus multisession VR exposure therapy, 89% chose VR. Results suggest that VR exposure therapy may prove valuable for increasing the number of phobics who seek treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Garcia-Palacios
- Human Interface Technology Laboratory, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
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49
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Cappelletti RL, Glinka CJ, Krueger S, Lindstrom RA, Lynn JW, Prask HJ, Prince E, Rush JJ, Rowe JM, Satija SK, Toby BH, Tsai A, Udovic TJ. Materials Research With Neutrons at NIST. J Res Natl Inst Stand Technol 2001; 106:187-230. [PMID: 27500021 PMCID: PMC4865282 DOI: 10.6028/jres.106.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The NIST Materials Science and Engineering Laboratory works with industry, standards bodies, universities, and other government laboratories to improve the nation's measurements and standards infrastructure for materials. An increasingly important component of this effort is carried out at the NIST Center for Neutron Research (NCNR), at present the most productive center of its kind in the United States. This article gives a brief historical account of the growth and activities of the Center with examples of its work in major materials research areas and describes the key role the Center can expect to play in future developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. L. Cappelletti
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8562
| | - C. J. Glinka
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8562
| | - S. Krueger
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8562
| | - R. A. Lindstrom
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8562
| | - J. W. Lynn
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8562
| | - H. J. Prask
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8562
| | - E. Prince
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8562
| | - J. J. Rush
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8562
| | - J. M. Rowe
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8562
| | - S. K. Satija
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8562
| | - B. H. Toby
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8562
| | - A. Tsai
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8562
| | - T. J. Udovic
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8562
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50
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Tsai A, Yezzi AR, Willsky AS. Curve evolution implementation of the Mumford-Shah functional for image segmentation, denoising, interpolation, and magnification. IEEE Trans Image Process 2001; 10:1169-1186. [PMID: 18255534 DOI: 10.1109/83.935033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we first address the problem of simultaneous image segmentation and smoothing by approaching the Mumford-Shah paradigm from a curve evolution perspective. In particular, we let a set of deformable contours define the boundaries between regions in an image where we model the data via piecewise smooth functions and employ a gradient flow to evolve these contours. Each gradient step involves solving an optimal estimation problem for the data within each region, connecting curve evolution and the Mumford-Shah functional with the theory of boundary-value stochastic processes. The resulting active contour model offers a tractable implementation of the original Mumford-Shah model (i.e., without resorting to elliptic approximations which have traditionally been favored for greater ease in implementation) to simultaneously segment and smoothly reconstruct the data within a given image in a coupled manner. Various implementations of this algorithm are introduced to increase its speed of convergence. We also outline a hierarchical implementation of this algorithm to handle important image features such as triple points and other multiple junctions. Next, by generalizing the data fidelity term of the original Mumford-Shah functional to incorporate a spatially varying penalty, we extend our method to problems in which data quality varies across the image and to images in which sets of pixel measurements are missing. This more general model leads us to a novel PDE-based approach for simultaneous image magnification, segmentation, and smoothing, thereby extending the traditional applications of the Mumford-Shah functional which only considers simultaneous segmentation and smoothing.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Tsai
- Lab. for Inf. and Decision Syst., MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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