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Ren Z, Dharmaratne M, Liang H, Benard O, Morales-Gallego M, Suyama K, Kumar V, Fard AT, Kulkarni AS, Prystowsky M, Mar JC, Norton L, Hazan RB. Redox signalling regulates breast cancer metastasis via phenotypic and metabolic reprogramming due to p63 activation by HIF1α. Br J Cancer 2024; 130:908-924. [PMID: 38238426 PMCID: PMC10951347 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-023-02522-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Redox signaling caused by knockdown (KD) of Glutathione Peroxidase 2 (GPx2) in the PyMT mammary tumour model promotes metastasis via phenotypic and metabolic reprogramming. However, the tumour cell subpopulations and transcriptional regulators governing these processes remained unknown. METHODS We used single-cell transcriptomics to decipher the tumour cell subpopulations stimulated by GPx2 KD in the PyMT mammary tumour and paired pulmonary metastases. We analyzed the EMT spectrum across the various tumour cell clusters using pseudotime trajectory analysis and elucidated the transcriptional and metabolic regulation of the hybrid EMT state. RESULTS Integration of single-cell transcriptomics between the PyMT/GPx2 KD primary tumour and paired lung metastases unraveled a basal/mesenchymal-like cluster and several luminal-like clusters spanning an EMT spectrum. Interestingly, the luminal clusters at the primary tumour gained mesenchymal gene expression, resulting in epithelial/mesenchymal subpopulations fueled by oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and glycolysis. By contrast, at distant metastasis, the basal/mesenchymal-like cluster gained luminal and mesenchymal gene expression, resulting in a hybrid subpopulation using OXPHOS, supporting adaptive plasticity. Furthermore, p63 was dramatically upregulated in all hybrid clusters, implying a role in regulating partial EMT and MET at primary and distant sites, respectively. Importantly, these effects were reversed by HIF1α loss or GPx2 gain of function, resulting in metastasis suppression. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, these results underscored a dramatic effect of redox signaling on p63 activation by HIF1α, underlying phenotypic and metabolic plasticity leading to mammary tumour metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuen Ren
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Malindrie Dharmaratne
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Huizhi Liang
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | | | | | - Kimita Suyama
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Viney Kumar
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Atefeh Taherian Fard
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Ameya S Kulkarni
- Department of Endocrinology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Michael Prystowsky
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Jessica C Mar
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Larry Norton
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Rachel B Hazan
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.
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Stolzenburg LR, Esmaeeli S, Kulkarni AS, Murphy E, Kwon T, Preiss C, Bahnassawy L, Stender JD, Manos JD, Reinhardt P, Rahimov F, Waring JF, Ramathal CY. Functional characterization of a single nucleotide polymorphism associated with Alzheimer's disease in a hiPSC-based neuron model. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0291029. [PMID: 37751459 PMCID: PMC10521995 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0291029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases encompass a group of debilitating conditions resulting from progressive nerve cell death. Of these, Alzheimer's disease (AD) occurs most frequently, but is currently incurable and has limited treatment success. Late onset AD, the most common form, is highly heritable but is caused by a combination of non-genetic risk factors and many low-effect genetic variants whose disease-causing mechanisms remain unclear. By mining the FinnGen study database of phenome-wide association studies, we identified a rare variant, rs148726219, enriched in the Finnish population that is associated with AD risk and dementia, and appears to have arisen on a common haplotype with older AD-associated variants such as rs429358. The rs148726219 variant lies in an overlapping intron of the FosB proto-oncogene (FOSB) and ERCC excision repair 1 (ERCC1) genes. To understand the impact of this SNP on disease phenotypes, we performed CRISPR/Cas9 editing in a human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) line to generate isogenic clones harboring heterozygous and homozygous alleles of rs148726219. hiPSC clones differentiated into induced excitatory neurons (iNs) did not exhibit detectable molecular or morphological variation in differentiation potential compared to isogenic controls. However, global transcriptome analysis showed differential regulation of nearby genes and upregulation of several biological pathways related to neuronal function, particularly synaptogenesis and calcium signaling, specifically in mature iNs harboring rs148726219 homozygous and heterozygous alleles. Functional differences in iN circuit maturation as measured by calcium imaging were observed across genotypes. Edited mature iNs also displayed downregulation of unfolded protein response and cell death pathways. This study implicates a phenotypic impact of rs148726219 in the context of mature neurons, consistent with its identification in late onset AD, and underscores a hiPSC-based experimental model to functionalize GWAS-identified variants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sahar Esmaeeli
- AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | | | - Erin Murphy
- AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Taekyung Kwon
- AbbVie, Cambridge Research Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Christina Preiss
- AbbVie, Cambridge Research Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Lamiaa Bahnassawy
- AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Neuroscience Discovery, Knollstrasse, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | | | - Justine D. Manos
- AbbVie, Cambridge Research Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Peter Reinhardt
- AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Neuroscience Discovery, Knollstrasse, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Fedik Rahimov
- AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
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Dharmaratne M, Kulkarni AS, Taherian Fard A, Mar JC. scShapes: a statistical framework for identifying distribution shapes in single-cell RNA-sequencing data. Gigascience 2023; 12:6999327. [PMID: 36691728 PMCID: PMC9871437 DOI: 10.1093/gigascience/giac126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) methods have been advantageous for quantifying cell-to-cell variation by profiling the transcriptomes of individual cells. For scRNA-seq data, variability in gene expression reflects the degree of variation in gene expression from one cell to another. Analyses that focus on cell-cell variability therefore are useful for going beyond changes based on average expression and, instead, identifying genes with homogeneous expression versus those that vary widely from cell to cell. RESULTS We present a novel statistical framework, scShapes, for identifying differential distributions in single-cell RNA-sequencing data using generalized linear models. Most approaches for differential gene expression detect shifts in the mean value. However, as single-cell data are driven by overdispersion and dropouts, moving beyond means and using distributions that can handle excess zeros is critical. scShapes quantifies gene-specific cell-to-cell variability by testing for differences in the expression distribution while flexibly adjusting for covariates if required. We demonstrate that scShapes identifies subtle variations that are independent of altered mean expression and detects biologically relevant genes that were not discovered through standard approaches. CONCLUSIONS This analysis also draws attention to genes that switch distribution shapes from a unimodal distribution to a zero-inflated distribution and raises open questions about the plausible biological mechanisms that may give rise to this, such as transcriptional bursting. Overall, the results from scShapes help to expand our understanding of the role that gene expression plays in the transcriptional regulation of a specific perturbation or cellular phenotype. Our framework scShapes is incorporated into a Bioconductor R package (https://www.bioconductor.org/packages/release/bioc/html/scShapes.html).
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Affiliation(s)
- Malindrie Dharmaratne
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Ameya S Kulkarni
- Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY 10461, USA,Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Atefeh Taherian Fard
- Correspondence address. Atefeh Taherian Fard, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia. E-mail:
| | - Jessica C Mar
- Correspondence address. Jessica C. Mar, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia. E-mail:
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Kulkarni AS, Ideozu J, Vasanthakumar A, Ammar A, Murphy E, Asque E, Plaas C, Klein C, Ried JS, Barghorn S, Gasparini L. Multi‐tissue profiling of RNA and DNA‐methylation signatures of progressive tau neuropathology in tau transgenic mice. Alzheimers Dement 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/alz.060736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Corinna Klein
- AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG Ludwigshafen Germany
| | - Janina S Ried
- AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG Ludwigshafen Germany
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Kulkarni AS, Aleksic S, Berger DM, Sierra F, Kuchel G, Barzilai N. Geroscience-guided repurposing of FDA-approved drugs to target aging: A proposed process and prioritization. Aging Cell 2022; 21:e13596. [PMID: 35343051 PMCID: PMC9009114 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Common chronic diseases represent the greatest driver of rising healthcare costs, as well as declining function, independence, and quality of life. Geroscience-guided approaches seek to delay the onset and progression of multiple chronic conditions by targeting fundamental biological pathways of aging. This approach is more likely to improve overall health and function in old age than treating individual diseases, by addressing aging the largest and mostly ignored risk factor for the leading causes of morbidity in older adults. Nevertheless, challenges in repurposing existing and moving newly discovered interventions from the bench to clinical care have impeded the progress of this potentially transformational paradigm shift. In this article, we propose the creation of a standardized process for evaluating FDA-approved medications for their geroscience potential. Criteria for systematically evaluating the existing literature that spans from animal models to human studies will permit the prioritization of efforts and financial investments for translating geroscience and allow immediate progress on the design of the next Targeting Aging with MEtformin (TAME)-like study involving such candidate gerotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameya S. Kulkarni
- Institute for Aging ResearchAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNew YorkUSA
- Present address:
AbbVie Inc.North ChicagoIL60064USA.
| | - Sandra Aleksic
- Department of Medicine (Endocrinology and Geriatrics)Albert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNew YorkUSA
| | - David M. Berger
- Department of Medicine (Hospital Medicine)Montefiore Medical Center and Albert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNew YorkUSA
| | - Felipe Sierra
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de ToulouseToulouseFrance
| | - George A. Kuchel
- UConn Center on AgingUniversity of Connecticut School of MedicineFarmingtonConnecticutUSA
| | - Nir Barzilai
- Institute for Aging ResearchAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNew YorkUSA
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Brightwell CR, Kulkarni AS, Paredes W, Zhang K, Perkins JB, Gatlin KJ, Custodio M, Farooq H, Zaidi B, Pai R, Buttar RS, Tang Y, Melamed ML, Hostetter TH, Pessin JE, Hawkins M, Fry CS, Abramowitz MK. Muscle fibrosis and maladaptation occur progressively in CKD and are rescued by dialysis. JCI Insight 2021; 6:150112. [PMID: 34784301 PMCID: PMC8783691 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.150112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skeletal muscle maladaptation accompanies chronic kidney disease (CKD) and negatively impacts physical function. Emphasis in CKD has historically been placed on muscle fiber intrinsic deficits, such as altered protein metabolism and atrophy. However, targeted treatment of fiber intrinsic dysfunction has produced limited improvement, whereas alterations within the fiber extrinsic environment have scarcely been examined. METHODS We investigated alterations to the skeletal muscle interstitial environment with deep cellular phenotyping of biopsies from patients with CKD compared to age-matched control participants and performed transcriptome profiling to define the molecular underpinnings of CKD-associated muscle impairments. We further examined changes in the observed muscle maladaptation following initiation of dialysis therapy for kidney failure. RESULTS Patients with CKD exhibited a progressive fibrotic muscle phenotype, which was associated with impaired regenerative capacity and lower vascular density. The severity of these deficits was strongly associated with the degree of kidney dysfunction. Consistent with these profound deficits, CKD was associated with broad alterations to the muscle transcriptome, including altered extracellular matrix organization, downregulated angiogenesis, and altered expression of pathways related to stem cell self-renewal. Remarkably, despite the seemingly advanced nature of this fibrotic transformation, dialysis treatment rescued these deficits, restoring a healthier muscle phenotype. Furthermore, after accounting for muscle atrophy, strength and endurance improved after dialysis initiation. CONCLUSION These data identify a dialysis-responsive muscle fibrotic phenotype in CKD and suggest that the early dialysis window presents a unique opportunity of improved muscle regenerative capacity during which targeted interventions may achieve maximal impact. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT01452412FUNDING. NIH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille R Brightwell
- Department of Athletic Training and Clinical Nutrition, University of Kentucky, Lexington, United States of America
| | - Ameya S Kulkarni
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, United States of America
| | - William Paredes
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, United States of America
| | - Kehao Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, United States of America
| | - Jaclyn B Perkins
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, United States of America
| | - Knubian J Gatlin
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, United States of America
| | - Matthew Custodio
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, United States of America
| | - Hina Farooq
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, United States of America
| | - Bushra Zaidi
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, United States of America
| | - Rima Pai
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, United States of America
| | - Rupinder S Buttar
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, United States of America
| | - Yan Tang
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, United States of America
| | - Michal L Melamed
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, United States of America
| | - Thomas H Hostetter
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey E Pessin
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, United States of America
| | - Meredith Hawkins
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, United States of America
| | | | - Matthew K Abramowitz
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, United States of America
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Abstract
Biological aging involves an interplay of conserved and targetable molecular mechanisms, summarized as the hallmarks of aging. Metformin, a biguanide that combats age-related disorders and improves health span, is the first drug to be tested for its age-targeting effects in the large clinical trial-TAME (targeting aging by metformin). This review focuses on metformin's mechanisms in attenuating hallmarks of aging and their interconnectivity, by improving nutrient sensing, enhancing autophagy and intercellular communication, protecting against macromolecular damage, delaying stem cell aging, modulating mitochondrial function, regulating transcription, and lowering telomere attrition and senescence. These characteristics make metformin an attractive gerotherapeutic to translate to human trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameya S Kulkarni
- Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Sriram Gubbi
- Metabolic Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nir Barzilai
- Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY, USA.
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Kulkarni AS, Mar JC, Barzilai N. INVESTIGATING DYNAMICS OF AGE-ASSOCIATED TRANSCRIPTIONAL NETWORKS WITH INTERVENTIONS TARGETING AGING. Innov Aging 2019. [PMCID: PMC6841583 DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igz038.2066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological aging is characterized by a progressive decline in physiological function from molecular to organismal levels, manifesting through adaptive transcriptional networks. We present an overview of the complex regulation of transcriptional networks in species- and tissue-specific aging. We aimed to: 1) capture the age-associated changes in gene-gene connectivity, and 2) evaluate the effect of two interventions targeting biological aging (metformin, acarbose) on the regulation of gene networks. Aim 1) Using RNA-Seq we modeled co-expression networks and identified differentially co-expressed gene-pairs between young, middle-aged and older-aged groups. Aim 2) Using short-term clinical studies in older humans (metformin: MILES-trial; acarbose: SAIL-trial), and complementary mouse studies, we revealed the genes and novel pathways underlying the drugs’ effects on biological aging in muscle and adipose. Importantly, these interventions shifted transcripts to a more youthful expression. Overall, we provide evidence of age-associated gene-network topology changes and identify upstream transcriptional factors affected by age-targeting drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameya S Kulkarni
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States
| | - Jessica C Mar
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nir Barzilai
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States
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Tay SK, Hsu TY, Pavelyev A, Walia A, Kulkarni AS. Clinical and economic impact of school-based nonavalent human papillomavirus vaccine on women in Singapore: a transmission dynamic mathematical model analysis. BJOG 2019; 125:478-486. [PMID: 29266694 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.15106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the epidemiological and economic impact of a nine-valent (nonavalent) human papillomavirus (HPV) 6/11/16/18/31/33/45/52/58 vaccine programme for young teenagers in Singapore. DESIGN Mathematical modelling. SETTING Pharmaco-economic simulation projection. POPULATION Singapore demography. METHODS Clinical, epidemiological and financial data from Singapore were used in a validated HPV transmission dynamic mathematical model to analyse the impact of nonavalent HPV vaccination over quadrivalent and bivalent vaccines in a school-based 2-dose vaccination for 11- to 12-year-old girls in the country. The model assumed routine cytology screening in the current rate (50%) and vaccine coverage rate of 80%. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Changes over a 100-year time period in the incidence and mortality rates of cervical cancer, case load of genital warts, and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER). RESULTS Compared with bivalent and quadrivalent HPV vaccination programmes, nonavalent HPV universal vaccination resulted in an additional reduction of HPV31/33/45/52/58 related CIN1 of 40.5%, CIN 2/3 of 35.4%, cervical cancer of 23.5%, and cervical cancer mortality of 20.2%. Compared with bivalent HPV vaccination, there was an additional reduction in HPV-6/11 related CIN1 of 75.7%, and genital warts of 78.9% in women and 73.4% in men. Over the 100 years, after applying a discount of 3%, disease management cost will be reduced by 32.5% (versus bivalent) and 7.5% (versus quadrivalent). The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) per quality-adjusted life-year gained was SGD 929 compared with bivalent vaccination and SGD 9864 compared with quadrivalent vaccination. CONCLUSION Universal two-dose nonavalent HPV vaccination for 11- to 12-year-old adolescent women is very cost-effective in Singapore. TWEETABLE ABSTRACT Nonavalent HPV vaccination of 11- to 12-year-old girls is cost-effective in Singapore.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Tay
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - T-Y Hsu
- Medical Affairs, MSD Pharma (Singapore) Pte. Ltd., Singapore
| | | | - A Walia
- Department of Medical Affairs, MSD International GmbH (Singapore Branch), Singapore
| | - A S Kulkarni
- Center for Observational and Real World Evidence, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA
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Kulkarni AS, Brutsaert EF, Anghel V, Zhang K, Bloomgarden N, Pollak M, Mar JC, Hawkins M, Crandall JP, Barzilai N. Metformin regulates metabolic and nonmetabolic pathways in skeletal muscle and subcutaneous adipose tissues of older adults. Aging Cell 2018; 17. [PMID: 29383869 PMCID: PMC5847877 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Administration of metformin increases healthspan and lifespan in model systems, and evidence from clinical trials and observational studies suggests that metformin delays a variety of age‐related morbidities. Although metformin has been shown to modulate multiple biological pathways at the cellular level, these pleiotropic effects of metformin on the biology of human aging have not been studied. We studied ~70‐year‐old participants (n = 14) in a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, crossover trial in which they were treated with 6 weeks each of metformin and placebo. Following each treatment period, skeletal muscle and subcutaneous adipose tissue biopsies were obtained, and a mixed‐meal challenge test was performed. As expected, metformin therapy lowered 2‐hour glucose, insulin AUC, and insulin secretion compared to placebo. Using FDR<0.05, 647 genes were differentially expressed in muscle and 146 genes were differentially expressed in adipose tissue. Both metabolic and nonmetabolic pathways were significantly influenced, including pyruvate metabolism and DNA repair in muscle and PPAR and SREBP signaling, mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation, and collagen trimerization in adipose. While each tissue had a signature reflecting its own function, we identified a cascade of predictive upstream transcriptional regulators, including mTORC1, MYC, TNF, TGFß1, and miRNA‐29b that may explain tissue‐specific transcriptomic changes in response to metformin treatment. This study provides the first evidence that, in older adults, metformin has metabolic and nonmetabolic effects linked to aging. These data can inform the development of biomarkers for the effects of metformin, and potentially other drugs, on key aging pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameya S Kulkarni
- Division of Endocrinology; Department of Medicine; Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Bronx NY USA
- Institute for Aging Research; Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Bronx NY USA
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Research; Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Bronx NY USA
| | - Erika F Brutsaert
- Division of Endocrinology; Department of Medicine; Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Bronx NY USA
- Institute for Aging Research; Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Bronx NY USA
| | - Valentin Anghel
- Division of Endocrinology; Department of Medicine; Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Bronx NY USA
| | - Kehao Zhang
- Division of Endocrinology; Department of Medicine; Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Bronx NY USA
| | - Noah Bloomgarden
- Division of Endocrinology; Department of Medicine; Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Bronx NY USA
| | - Michael Pollak
- Department of Oncology; McGill University; Montreal QC Canada
| | - Jessica C Mar
- Institute for Aging Research; Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Bronx NY USA
- Department of Systems and Computational Biology; Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Bronx NY USA
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology; University of Queensland; Brisbane QLD Australia
| | - Meredith Hawkins
- Division of Endocrinology; Department of Medicine; Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Bronx NY USA
- Institute for Aging Research; Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Bronx NY USA
- Diabetes Research Center; Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Bronx NY USA
| | - Jill P Crandall
- Division of Endocrinology; Department of Medicine; Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Bronx NY USA
- Institute for Aging Research; Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Bronx NY USA
- Diabetes Research Center; Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Bronx NY USA
| | - Nir Barzilai
- Division of Endocrinology; Department of Medicine; Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Bronx NY USA
- Institute for Aging Research; Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Bronx NY USA
- Diabetes Research Center; Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Bronx NY USA
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11
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Pollack RM, Barzilai N, Anghel V, Kulkarni AS, Golden A, O'Broin P, Sinclair DA, Bonkowski MS, Coleville AJ, Powell D, Kim S, Moaddel R, Stein D, Zhang K, Hawkins M, Crandall JP. Resveratrol Improves Vascular Function and Mitochondrial Number but Not Glucose Metabolism in Older Adults. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2017; 72:1703-1709. [PMID: 28329397 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glx041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Resveratrol, a plant-derived polyphenol, has been reported to improve glucose metabolism and vascular function and to extend life span in animal models, but studies in humans have been inconclusive. Methods In a randomized, double-blind crossover study, we treated older glucose-intolerant adults (n = 30) with resveratrol (2-3 g/daily) or placebo, each for 6 weeks. A standard mixed-meal test was used to assess insulin sensitivity (Matsuda index) and secretion (C-peptide deconvolution) and vascular function by reactive hyperemia peripheral arterial tonometry. Skeletal muscle samples were obtained for gene expression using RNA-Seq analysis and to assess mitochondrial morphology. Results There were no changes in glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, weight, blood pressure, or lipid profile following resveratrol treatment. Fasting reactive hyperemia index improved with resveratrol (2.02 ± 0.2 vs 1.76 ± 0.02, p = .002). RNA-Seq analysis yielded 140 differentially expressed transcripts (corrected p-value ≤ .05), predominantly associated with mitochondrial genes and noncoding RNA. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis confirmed that mitochondrial dysfunction (p = 2.77 × 10-12) and oxidative phosphorylation (p = 1.41 × 10-11) were the most significantly perturbed pathways. Mitochondrial number, but not size, was increased. Conclusions Resveratrol treatment of older adults with impaired glucose regulation may have beneficial effects on vascular function, but not glucose metabolism or insulin sensitivity. Changes in gene expression suggest effects similar to those observed with caloric restriction, which has been shown to increase life and health span in animal models, although its significance for humans is uncertain. Future human studies should address the appropriate dose range and low bioavailability of resveratrol.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nir Barzilai
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | | | | | - Aaron Golden
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Pilib O'Broin
- National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | | | | | | | | | - Sharon Kim
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Ruin Moaddel
- National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Daniel Stein
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Kehao Zhang
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
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Ramachandran PV, Drolet MP, Kulkarni AS. A non-dissociative open-flask hydroboration with ammonia borane: ready synthesis of ammonia-trialkylboranes and aminodialkylboranes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:11897-11900. [PMID: 27711395 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc06151f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Under open-flask conditions, ammonia borane hydroborates olefins in refluxing tetrahydrofuran. Unlike conventional hydroboration, the Lewis base (ammonia) is not dissociated from the boron center. Terminal alkenes selectively provide ammonia-trialkylborane complexes. On the other hand, internal alkenes afford aminodialkylboranes via a metal-free hydroboration-dehydrogenation sequence. Alkaline hydrogen peroxide oxidation of the products provides the corresponding alcohols in high yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Veeraraghavan Ramachandran
- Herbert C. Brown Center of Borane Research, Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2084, USA.
| | - Michael P Drolet
- Herbert C. Brown Center of Borane Research, Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2084, USA.
| | - Ameya S Kulkarni
- Herbert C. Brown Center of Borane Research, Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2084, USA.
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13
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Kumar P, Vijayaraghavan R, Kulkarni AS, Pathak U, Raza SK, Jaiswal DK. In vivo protection by amifostine and DRDE-07 against sulphur mustard toxicity. Hum Exp Toxicol 2016; 21:371-6. [PMID: 12269699 DOI: 10.1191/0960327102ht250oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The study was aimed at investigating the prophylactic efficacy of orally administered amifostine and a newly synthesized compound, S-2(2-amino-ethylamino)ethyl phenyl sulphide (DRDE-07), against dermally applied sulphur mustard (SM) in mice and rats. The LD50 values of amifostine and DRDE-07 were determined following oral and intraperitoneal routes and the LD50 of SM diluted in PEG-300 was determined following dermal route. Amifostine or DRDE-07 (equivalent to their 0.05 LD50, 0.10 LD50 and 0.20 LD50) dissolved in water was fed to mice and rats and, after 30 min, various doses of SM were applied to the hair-clipped area of the skin and were observed for 14 days for mortality. The protection index (PI) was calculated as a ratio of LD50 with treatment to LD50 without treatment. The estimated percutaneous LD50 of SM was found to be 8.1 and 2.4 mg///kg for female mice and male rats, respectively. A dose-related protection was observed with all the three doses of both compounds. Thirty minutes prior, the administration of amifostine in female mice offered a PI of 3.0 at the lowest pretreatment dose (52.5 mg// kg) followed by PI of 6.7 and 9.5 at 105 and 210 mg// /kg pretreatment doses, respectively. DRDE-07 offered better protection against SM in female mice, i.e., a PI of 4.8 at pretreatment dose of 62.5 mg// /kg, a PI of 12.0 at the dose of 124.7 mg///kg and a PI of 27.0 at the dose of 249.4 mg/kg. In male rats, DRDE-07 gave a PI of about 3.0 at all the three pretreatment doses (80, 160 and 320 mg///kg), whilst amifostine offered a PI of 3.1 at the highest pretreatment dose (452 mg///kg). The present study showed that oral administration of both amifostine and DRDE-07 was effective as a prophylactic agent for protecting against SM toxicity, and that DRDE-07 offered better protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Kumar
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Defence Research and Development Establishment, Gwalior, India.
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14
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Abstract
Mechanistic studies point toward added ammonia acting as a reagent while promoting the high-yielding synthesis of pure ammonia borane from sodium borohydride and ammonium salts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ameya S. Kulkarni
- Herbert C. Brown Center for Borane Research
- Department of Chemistry
- Purdue University
- West Lafayette
- USA
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15
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Veeraraghavan Ramachandran P, Kulkarni AS, Zhao Y, Mei J. Amine–boranes bearing borane-incompatible functionalities: application to selective amine protection and surface functionalization. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:11885-11888. [PMID: 27722248 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc06031e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The first general open-flask synthesis of amine–boranes with inexpensive and readily available reagents, such as sodium borohydride, sodium bicarbonate, water, and the desired amines is described.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Chemistry
- Purdue University
- West Lafayette
- USA
| | - Jianguo Mei
- Department of Chemistry
- Purdue University
- West Lafayette
- USA
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16
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Veeraraghavan Ramachandran
- Herbert C. Brown Center for Borane
Research, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2084, United States
| | - Ameya S. Kulkarni
- Herbert C. Brown Center for Borane
Research, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2084, United States
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17
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Ramachandran PV, Kulkarni AS, Pfeil MA, Dennis JD, Willits JD, Heister SD, Son SF, Pourpoint TL. Amine-Boranes: Green Hypergolic Fuels with Consistently Low Ignition Delays. Chemistry 2014; 20:16869-72. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201405224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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18
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Veeraraghavan Ramachandran P, Kulkarni AS. Nucleophilic displacement of ammonia from ammonia borane for the preparation of alkylamine-, pyridine- and phosphine-boranes. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra03397c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Abstract
The presence of NH3 allows a high concentration, ambient temperature synthesis of ammonia borane from sodium borohydride in air using reagent-grade THF.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hitesh Mistry
- Herbert C. Brown Center for Borane Research
- Purdue University
- West Lafayette, USA
| | - Ameya S. Kulkarni
- Herbert C. Brown Center for Borane Research
- Purdue University
- West Lafayette, USA
| | - Pravin D. Gagare
- Herbert C. Brown Center for Borane Research
- Purdue University
- West Lafayette, USA
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20
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Deo AA, Kulkarni AS, Meshram SU. Monocationic surfactant induced ultra structural changes in antibiotic resistant Escherichia coli. Indian J Med Res 2010; 131:825-828. [PMID: 20571174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES Cetrimide is a monocationic surfactant, commonly used for disinfection of hospital floors, equipments, for cleansing of burns and wounds, hand wash, etc. We evaluated whether antibiotic resistant (AR) Escherichia coli isolates from hospital settings (nosocomial pathogens) show any evidence of significant reduction in their susceptibility to cetrimide. Also the response of AR E. coli (nosocomial pathogens) to the action of cetrimide was assessed by studying the ultra structural changes induced using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). METHODS A total of 165 clinical samples were screened for isolation of E. coli. Eighty two (49.6%) samples were positive for E. coli. Antibiotic susceptibility testing of E. coli isolates was carried out by Kirby Bauer method to isolate AR E. coli. The randomly selected AR E. coli isolate was treated with different concentrations of cetrimide and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of cetrimide was determined by broth micro dilution method. This same isolate was used for performing time kill assay and TEM study. RESULTS The test E. coli isolate showed resistance to 12 different antibiotics. The MIC of cetrimide against AR E. coli was 312.5 microg/ml. The ultra cellular structural changes in cetrimide treated AR E. coli revealed vacuole formation, disaxilization of nuclear material, loss of cytoplasmic granularity, bleb formation and cell lysis. CONCLUSION Ultra structural changes induced by the action of cetrimide revealed cell damaging changes in the AR E. coli to be dose and time dependent. The results showed that antibiotic resistance does not alter any change in susceptibility of E. coli to cetrimide, which was found to be still an effective disinfectant against a nosocomial pathogen E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Deo
- Dharampeth M.P. Deo Memorial Science College , RTM Nagpur University, Nagpur, India.
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21
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Havaldar VD, Kulkarni AS, Dias RJ, Aloorkar NH, Mali KK. Floating matrix tablets of atenolol: Formulation andin vitroevaluation. Asian J Pharm 2009. [DOI: 10.4103/0973-8398.59952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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22
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Kulkarni AS, Vijayaraghavan R, Anshoo G, Satish HT, Pathak U, Raza SK, Pant SC, Malhotra RC, Prakash AO. Evaluation of analogues of DRDE-07 as prophylactic agents against the lethality and toxicity of sulfur mustard administered through percutaneous route. J Appl Toxicol 2006; 26:115-25. [PMID: 16421877 DOI: 10.1002/jat.1114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Sulfur mustard (SM), chemically bis (2-chloroethyl) sulfide is a bifunctional alkylating agent that causes serious blisters on contact with human skin. Although several antidotes have been reported for the systemic toxicity of SM in experimental animals none of them are approved so far and decontamination of SM immediately by physical or chemical means is recommended as the best protection. Two compounds amifostine [S-2(3-aminopropylamino) ethyl phosphorothioate] and DRDE-07 [S-2(2-aminoethylamino) ethyl phenyl sulfide] gave very good protection as an oral prophylactic agent against SM the in mouse model, but in the rat model the protection was only moderate. In the search for more effective and less toxic compounds, a number of analogues of DRDE-07 were synthesised and their protective efficacy was evaluated in mouse and rat models. The LD50 of S-aryl substitution was between 1 and 2 g kg(-1) and S-alkyl substitution was more than 2 g kg(-1). In the mouse model, DRDE-07, DRDE-10, DRDE-21, DRDE-30 and DRDE-35 gave about 20 fold protection, and DRDE-23 and DRDE-38 gave less protection of 4.8 and 9.0 fold respectively, against percutaneously administered SM. In the rat model, DRDE-07, DRDE-09, DRDE-10 and DRDE-21 gave about two fold protection. Percutaneously administered SM (19.33 mg kg(-1)) significantly depleted the hepatic GSH content in mice. Pretreatment with DRDE-21 significantly elevated the levels. A 4.4 fold increase in % DNA fragmentation was observed 7 days after SM administration (19.33 mg kg(-1)) in mice. Pretreatment with DRDE-07, DRDE-09, DRDE-10, DRDE-21, DRDE-30 and DRDE-35 significantly protected the mice from SM induced DNA damage. The histopathological lesions in liver and spleen induced by percutaneously administered SM was reduced by pretreatment with DRDE-07, DRDE-09, DRDE-10 and DRDE-21. These analogues may prove as prototypes for the designing of more effective prophylactic drug for SM.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Kulkarni
- Defence Research and Development Establishment, Gwalior - 474 002, India
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Vijayaraghavan R, Anshoo G, Singh S, Kulkarni AS, Pant SC. Protective effect ofAloe veraL. gel against sulphur mustard-induced systemic toxicity and skin lesions. Indian J Pharmacol 2005. [DOI: 10.4103/0253-7613.15110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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24
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Pathak U, Raza SK, Kulkarni AS, Vijayaraghvan R, Kumar P, Jaiswal DK. Novel S-Substituted Aminoalkylamino Ethanethiols as Potential Antidotes against Sulfur Mustard Toxicity. J Med Chem 2004; 47:3817-22. [PMID: 15239660 DOI: 10.1021/jm030099v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Sulfur mustard (SM) is a highly toxic chemical warfare agent. A satisfactory treatment regimen is not yet available for this toxicant. In a search for an effective antidote against SM, a series of novel S-2(omega-aminoalkylamino)ethyl alkyl/aryl thioethers [H(2)N(CH(2))(n)()NHCH(2)CH(2)SR], where R = alky, alicyclic, aryl, and heterocyclic substituents, have been designed and synthesized as candidate antidotes against SM toxicity. These compounds were screened for their protective efficacy through the oral route against dermally applied sulfur mustard in female mice measured on the basis of percent survival following percutaneous administration of SM. A number of compounds demonstrated significant protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uma Pathak
- Defence Research & Development Establishment, Jhansi Road, Gwalior-474 002, India
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Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to explore a potential mechanism of eye irritation, and to construct a corresponding general quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) model, in terms of diversity of irritant chemical structure, based on the Draize eye irritation ECETOC data set. METHODS Molecular dynamic simulation (MDS) was used to generate intermolecular membrane-solute interaction properties. These intermolecular properties were combined with intramolecular physicochemical properties and features of the solute (irritant) to construct QSAR models using multi-dimensional linear regression and the Genetic Function Approximation (GFA) algorithm. RESULTS Significant QSAR models for estimating eye irritation potential were constructed in which solute aqueous solvation free energy and solute-membrane interaction energies are the principle correlation descriptors. These physicochemical descriptors were selected from a trial set of 95 descriptors for 18 structurally diverse compounds fully representative of the ECETOC set of 38 compounds. CONCLUSIONS Combining intermolecular solute-membrane interaction descriptors with intramolecular solute descriptors yields statistically significant eye irritation QSAR models. The resultant QSAR models support an eye irritation mechanism of the action in which increased aqueous solubility of the irritant and its strength of binding to the membrane both increase eye irritation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Kulkarni
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling and Design (M/C 781), College of Pharmacy, The University of Illinois at Chicago, 60612-7231, USA
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26
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Tankhiwale SR, Kukade AL, Sarmah HC, Salunkhe DS, Kulkarni AS. Single dose therapy of ascariasis--a randomized comparison of mebendazole and pyrantel. J Commun Dis 1989; 21:71-4. [PMID: 2681393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A multicentre, randomized trial was carried out to compare the efficacy of two single-dose treatments for ascariasis: mebendazole 200 mg, and pyrantel 10 mg/kg. Each centre enrolled 200 patients with a suspected diagnosis of ascariasis, 100 for each treatment, and the treatments were randomized for each centre. To confirm the diagnosis, stools were examined for eggs of Ascaris lumbricoides by Kato's thick smear method. Efficacy was evaluated by stool examination repeated three weeks after treatment by a "blind" technician using two methods, viz. Kato's thick smear method and the zinc sulfate flotation method. Cure was defined as absence of ascaris eggs in the stools by both methods. Of the 600 enrolled patients, 32 were excluded from analysis as their initial stool examination was negative, and 568 completed the trial: 284 on each treatment. The cure rate was 80 per cent in the mebendazole group and 90 per cent in the pyrantel group (P less than 0.01). Thus pyrantel was found to be significantly more efficacious than mebendazole for single-dose treatment of ascariasis.
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Abuzzahab FS, Kulkarni AS. A pilot investigation of clinical effects of PM-33, a new anti-anxiety agent. Curr Ther Res Clin Exp 1974; 16:1181-6. [PMID: 4154180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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28
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Ananth J, Kulkarni AS. Letter: Side effects of chlorpromazine and piperacetazine. Am J Psychiatry 1974; 131:722. [PMID: 4151260 DOI: 10.1176/ajp.131.6.722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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30
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Abdallah AH, White HD, Kulkarni AS. Interaction of d-amphetamine with central nervous system depressants on food intake and spontaneous motor activity of mice. Eur J Pharmacol 1974; 26:119-21. [PMID: 4831980 DOI: 10.1016/0014-2999(74)90083-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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33
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Kulkarni AS. Scratching response induced in mice by mescaline and related amphetamine derivatives. Biol Psychiatry 1973; 6:177-80. [PMID: 4709133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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35
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36
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Bocknik SE, Kulkarni AS. Effects of anorectic agents on blood pressure of the dog. Arch Int Pharmacodyn Ther 1973; 202:213-8. [PMID: 4694360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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37
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Kulkarni AS, Rahwan RG, Bocknik SE. Muricidal block induced by 5-hydroxytryptophan in the rat. Arch Int Pharmacodyn Ther 1973; 201:308-13. [PMID: 4541981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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38
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39
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Kiev A, Güclü B, Kulkarni AS. Evaluation of piperacetazine (Quide) injection in acute schizophrenics. Curr Ther Res Clin Exp 1972; 14:376-80. [PMID: 4625517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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40
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Kulkarni AS. Magnesium pemoline: Specificity of effects on instrumental avoidance learning. Behav Neuropsychiatry 1970; 2:43-6 passim. [PMID: 5426282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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44
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46
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Kulkarni AS. Effects on temperature of serotonin and epinephrine injected into the lateral cerebral ventricle of the cat. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1967; 157:541-5. [PMID: 6048014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
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47
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48
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49
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Kulkarni AS, Thompson T, Shideman FE. Effect of reserpine administered during infancy on brain catecholamines and adult behaviour in the rat. J Neurochem 1966; 13:1143-8. [PMID: 5924662 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1966.tb04271.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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50
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Kulkarni AS, Shideman FE. Sensitivities of the brains of infant and adult rats to the catecholamine-depleting actions of reserpine and tetrabenazine. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1966; 153:428-33. [PMID: 5922320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
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