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Carpentier N, Ye S, Delemarre MD, Van der Meeren L, Skirtach AG, van der Laan LJW, Schneeberger K, Spee B, Dubruel P, Van Vlierberghe S. Gelatin-Based Hybrid Hydrogels as Matrices for Organoid Culture. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:590-604. [PMID: 38174962 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c01496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
The application of liver organoids is very promising in the field of liver tissue engineering; however, it is still facing some limitations. One of the current major limitations is the matrix in which they are cultured. The mainly undefined and murine-originated tumor matrices derived from Engelbreth-Holm-Swarm (EHS) sarcoma, such as Matrigel, are still the standard culturing matrices for expansion and differentiation of organoids toward hepatocyte-like cells, which will obstruct its future clinical application potential. In this study, we exploited the use of newly developed highly defined hydrogels as potential matrices for the culture of liver organoids and compared them to Matrigel and two hydrogels that were already researched in the field of organoid research [i.e., polyisocyanopeptides, enriched with laminin-entactin complex (PIC-LEC) and gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA)]. The newly developed hydrogels are materials that have a physicochemical resemblance with native liver tissue. Norbornene-modified dextran cross-linked with thiolated gelatin (DexNB-GelSH) has a swelling ratio and macro- and microscale properties that highly mimic liver tissue. Norbornene-modified chondroitin sulfate cross-linked with thiolated gelatin (CSNB-GelSH) contains chondroitin sulfate, which is a glycosaminoglycan (GAG) that is present in the liver ECM. Furthermore, CSNB-GelSH hydrogels with different mechanical properties were evaluated. Bipotent intrahepatic cholangiocyte organoids (ICOs) were applied in this work and encapsulated in these materials. This research revealed that the newly developed materials outperformed Matrigel, PIC-LEC, and GelMA in the differentiation of ICOs toward hepatocyte-like cells. Furthermore, some trends indicate that an interplay of both the chemical composition and the mechanical properties has an influence on the relative expression of certain hepatocyte markers. Both DexNB-GelSH and CSNB-GelSH showed promising results for the expansion and differentiation of intrahepatic cholangiocyte organoids. The stiffest CSNB-GelSH hydrogel even significantly outperformed Matrigel based on ALB, BSEP, and CYP3A4 gene expression, being three important hepatocyte markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Carpentier
- Polymer Chemistry & Biomaterials Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Shicheng Ye
- Department Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584 CT, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten D Delemarre
- Department Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584 CT, The Netherlands
| | - Louis Van der Meeren
- Nano-Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - André G Skirtach
- Nano-Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Luc J W van der Laan
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3000 CA, The Netherlands
| | - Kerstin Schneeberger
- Department Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584 CT, The Netherlands
| | - Bart Spee
- Department Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584 CT, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Dubruel
- Polymer Chemistry & Biomaterials Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Sandra Van Vlierberghe
- Polymer Chemistry & Biomaterials Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium
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Carpentier N, Parmentier L, Van der Meeren L, Skirtach AG, Dubruel P, Van Vlierberghe S. Optimization of hybrid gelatin-polysaccharide bioinks exploiting thiol-norbornene chemistry using a reducing additive. Biomed Mater 2024; 19:025025. [PMID: 38266277 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ad2211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Thiol-norbornene chemistry offers great potential in the field of hydrogel development, given its step growth crosslinking mechanism. However, limitations exist with regard to deposition-based bioprinting of thiol-containing hydrogels, associated with premature crosslinking of thiolated (bio)polymers resulting from disulfide formation in the presence of oxygen. More specifically, disulfide formation can result in an increase in viscosity thereby impeding the printing process. In the present work, hydrogels constituting norbornene-modified dextran (DexNB) combined with thiolated gelatin (GelSH) are selected as case study to explore the potential of incorporating the reducing agent tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine (TCEP), to prevent the formation of disulfides. We observed that, in addition to preventing disulfide formation, TCEP also contributed to premature, spontaneous thiol-norbornene crosslinking without the use of UV light as evidenced via1H-NMR spectroscopy. Herein, an optimal concentration of 25 mol% TCEP with respect to the amount of thiols was found, thereby limiting auto-gelation by both minimizing disulfide formation and spontaneous thiol-norbornene reaction. This concentration results in a constant viscosity during at least 24 h, a more homogeneous network being formed as evidenced using atomic force microscopy while retaining bioink biocompatibility as evidenced by a cell viability of human foreskin fibroblasts exceeding 70% according to ISO 10993-6:2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Carpentier
- Polymer Chemistry & Biomaterials Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Laurens Parmentier
- Polymer Chemistry & Biomaterials Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Louis Van der Meeren
- Nano-Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - André G Skirtach
- Nano-Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Peter Dubruel
- Polymer Chemistry & Biomaterials Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sandra Van Vlierberghe
- Polymer Chemistry & Biomaterials Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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3
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Carpentier N, Van der Meeren L, Skirtach AG, Devisscher L, Van Vlierberghe H, Dubruel P, Van Vlierberghe S. Gelatin-Based Hybrid Hydrogel Scaffolds: Toward Physicochemical Liver Mimicry. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:4333-4347. [PMID: 35914189 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c00643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
There exists a clear need to develop novel materials that could serve liver tissue engineering purposes. Those materials need to be researched for the development of bioengineered liver tissue as an alternative to donor livers, as well as for materials that could be applied for scaffolds to develop an in vitro model for drug-induced liver injury (DILI) detection . In this paper, the hydrogels oxidized dextran-gelatin (Dexox-Gel) and norbornene-modified dextran-thiolated gelatin (DexNB-GelSH) were developed, and their feasibility toward processing via indirect 3D-printing was investigated with the aim to develop hydrogel scaffolds that physicochemically mimic native liver tissue. Furthermore, their in vitro biocompatibility was assessed using preliminary biological tests using HepG2 cells. Both materials were thoroughly physicochemically characterized and benchmarked to the methacrylated gelatin (GelMA) reference material. Due to inferior properties, Dexox-gel was not further processed into 3D-hydrogel scaffolds. This research revealed that DexNB-GelSH exhibited physicochemical properties that were in excellent agreement with the properties of natural liver tissue in contrast to GelMA. In combination with an equally good biological evaluation of DexNB-GelSH in comparison with GelMA based on an MTS proliferation assay and an albumin quantification assay, DexNB-GelSH can be considered promising in the field of liver tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Carpentier
- Polymer Chemistry and Biomaterials Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Louis Van der Meeren
- Nano-Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - André G Skirtach
- Nano-Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Lindsey Devisscher
- Gut-Liver Immunopharmacology Unit, Department of Basic and Applied Medical Sciences; Liver Research Center Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Hans Van Vlierberghe
- Hepatology Research Unit, Dpt Internal Medicine and Pediatrics; Liver Research Center Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Peter Dubruel
- Polymer Chemistry and Biomaterials Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Sandra Van Vlierberghe
- Polymer Chemistry and Biomaterials Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium
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4
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Van der Meeren L, Verduijn J, Krysko DV, Skirtach AG. High-throughput mechano-cytometry as a method to detect apoptosis, necroptosis, and ferroptosis. Cell Prolif 2023:e13445. [PMID: 36987856 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the importance of the investigation of regulated cell death (RCD) has significantly increased and different methods are proposed for the detection of RCD including biochemical as well as fluorescence assays. Researchers have shown that early stages of cell death could be detected by using AFM. Although AFM offers a high single-cell resolution and sensitivity, the throughput (<100 cells/h) limits a broad range of biomedical applications of this technique. Here, a microfluidics-based mechanobiology technique, named shear flow deformability cytometry (sDC), is used to investigate and distinguish dying cells from viable cells purely based on their mechanical properties. Three different RCD modalities (i.e., apoptosis, necroptosis, and ferroptosis) are induced in L929sAhFas cells and analysed using sDC. Using machine learning on the extracted parameters, it was possible to predict the dead or viable state with 92% validation accuracy. A significant decrease in elasticity can be noticed for each of these RCD modalities by analysing the deformation of the dying cells. Analysis of morphological characteristics such as cell size and membrane irregularities also indicated significant differences in the RCD induced cells versus control cells. These results highlight the importance of mechanical properties during RCD and the significance of label-free techniques, such as sDC, which can be used to detect regulated cell death and can be further linked with sorting of live and dead cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Van der Meeren
- Nano-BioTechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Joost Verduijn
- Nano-BioTechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dmitri V Krysko
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
- Cell Death Investigation and Therapy Laboratory, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - André G Skirtach
- Nano-BioTechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
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Catanzaro E, Feron O, Skirtach AG, Krysko DV. Immunogenic Cell Death and Role of Nanomaterials Serving as Therapeutic Vaccine for Personalized Cancer Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2022; 13:925290. [PMID: 35844506 PMCID: PMC9280641 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.925290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunogenic cell death (ICD) is a rapidly growing research area representing one of the emerging therapeutic strategies of cancer immunotherapy. ICD is an umbrella term covering several cell death modalities including apoptosis, necroptosis, ferroptosis and pyroptosis, and is the product of a balanced combination of adjuvanticity (damage-associated molecular patterns and chemokines/cytokines) and antigenicity (tumor associated antigens). Only a limited number of anti-cancer therapies are available to induce ICD in experimental cancer therapies and even much less is available for clinical use. To overcome this limitation, nanomaterials can be used to increase the immunogenicity of cancer cells killed by anti-cancer therapy, which in themselves are not necessarily immunogenic. In this review, we outline the current state of knowledge of ICD modalities and discuss achievements in using nanomaterials to increase the immunogenicity of dying cancer cells. The emerging trends in modulating the immunogenicity of dying cancer cells in experimental and translational cancer therapies and the challenges facing them are described. In conclusion, nanomaterials are expected to drive further progress in their use to increase efficacy of anti-cancer therapy based on ICD induction and in the future, it is necessary to validate these strategies in clinical settings, which will be a challenging research area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Catanzaro
- Cell Death Investigation and Therapy (CDIT) Laboratory, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Olivier Feron
- Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - André G. Skirtach
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
- Nano-BioTechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dmitri V. Krysko
- Cell Death Investigation and Therapy (CDIT) Laboratory, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
- Department of Pathophysiology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
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6
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Chen S, Lóssio CF, Verbeke I, Verduijn J, Parakhonskiy B, Van der Meeren L, Chen P, De Zaeytijd J, Skirtach AG, Van Damme EJM. The type-1 ribosome-inactivating protein OsRIP1 triggers caspase-independent apoptotic-like death in HeLa cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 157:112590. [PMID: 34601042 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs) are capable of removing a specific adenine from 28S ribosomal RNA, thus inhibiting protein biosynthesis in an irreversible manner. In this study, recombinant OsRIP1, a type 1 RIP from rice (Oryza sativa L.), was investigated for its anti-proliferative properties. Human cervical cancer HeLa cells were incubated in the presence of OsRIP1 for 24-72 h. OsRIP1 treatment yielded an anti-proliferation response of the HeLa cells and resulted in apoptotic-like blebbing of the plasma membrane without causing DNA fragmentation. OsRIP1 labeled with FITC accumulated at the cell surface. Pull-down assays identified ASPP1 (Apoptosis-Stimulating Protein of p53 1) and IFITM3 (interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3) as potential interaction partners for OsRIP1. Transcript levels for several critical genes related to different signaling pathways were quantified by RT-qPCR. OsRIP1 provoked HeLa cells to undergo caspase-independent cell death, associated with a significant transcriptional upregulation of the apoptotic gene PUMA, interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF1) and the autophagy-related marker LC3. No changes in caspase activities were observed. Together, these data suggest that apoptotic-like events were involved in OsRIP1-driven caspase-independent cell death that might trigger the IRF1 signaling pathway and LC3-mediated autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simin Chen
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Cláudia Figueiredo Lóssio
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, 2853, Brazil
| | - Isabel Verbeke
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Joost Verduijn
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bogdan Parakhonskiy
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Louis Van der Meeren
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Pengyu Chen
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jeroen De Zaeytijd
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - André G Skirtach
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium; Center for Advanced Light Microscopy, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Els J M Van Damme
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium; Center for Advanced Light Microscopy, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
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Verduijn J, Van der Meeren L, Krysko DV, Skirtach AG. Deep learning with digital holographic microscopy discriminates apoptosis and necroptosis. Cell Death Dis 2021; 7:229. [PMID: 34475384 PMCID: PMC8413278 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-021-00616-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Regulated cell death modalities such as apoptosis and necroptosis play an important role in regulating different cellular processes. Currently, regulated cell death is identified using the golden standard techniques such as fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. However, they require fluorescent labels, which are potentially phototoxic. Therefore, there is a need for the development of new label-free methods. In this work, we apply Digital Holographic Microscopy (DHM) coupled with a deep learning algorithm to distinguish between alive, apoptotic and necroptotic cells in murine cancer cells. This method is solely based on label-free quantitative phase images, where the phase delay of light by cells is quantified and is used to calculate their topography. We show that a combination of label-free DHM in a high-throughput set-up (~10,000 cells per condition) can discriminate between apoptosis, necroptosis and alive cells in the L929sAhFas cell line with a precision of over 85%. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time deep learning in the form of convolutional neural networks is applied to distinguish-with a high accuracy-apoptosis and necroptosis and alive cancer cells from each other in a label-free manner. It is expected that the approach described here will have a profound impact on research in regulated cell death, biomedicine and the field of (cancer) cell biology in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joost Verduijn
- grid.5342.00000 0001 2069 7798Nano-Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium ,grid.510942.bCancer Research Institute Ghent, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Louis Van der Meeren
- grid.5342.00000 0001 2069 7798Nano-Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium ,grid.510942.bCancer Research Institute Ghent, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dmitri V. Krysko
- grid.510942.bCancer Research Institute Ghent, 9000 Ghent, Belgium ,grid.5342.00000 0001 2069 7798Cell Death Investigation and Therapy (CDIT) Laboratory, Anatomy an Embryology Unit, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium ,grid.448878.f0000 0001 2288 8774Department of Pathophysiology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119146 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - André G. Skirtach
- grid.5342.00000 0001 2069 7798Nano-Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium ,grid.510942.bCancer Research Institute Ghent, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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8
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Van der Meeren L, Verduijn J, Krysko DV, Skirtach AG. AFM Analysis Enables Differentiation between Apoptosis, Necroptosis, and Ferroptosis in Murine Cancer Cells. iScience 2020; 23:101816. [PMID: 33299979 PMCID: PMC7702191 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulated cell death (RCD) has a fundamental role in development, pathology, and tissue homeostasis. In order to understand the RCD mechanisms, it is essential to follow these processes in real time. Here, atomic force microscopy (AFM) is applied to morphologically and mechanically characterize four RCD modalities (intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis, necroptosis, and ferroptosis) in murine tumor cell lines. The nano-topographical analysis revealed a distinct surface morphology in case of necroptosis, ∼ 200 nm membrane disruptions are observed. Using mechanical measurements, it is possible to detect the early onset of RCD. Combined elasticity and microrheology analysis allowed for a clear distinction between apoptotic and regulated necrotic cell death. Finally, immunofluorescence analysis of the cytoskeleton structure during the RCD processes confirm the measured mechanical changes. The results of this study not only demonstrate the possibility of early real-time cell death detection but also reveal important differences in the cytoskeletal dynamics between multiple RCD modalities. AFM is a label-free method to distinguish apoptosis, necroptosis, and ferroptosis Nanotopography and subtle morphologic changes are distinct for each RCD Mechanobiology elasticity analysis reveals changes occurring at early stages of RCD Microrheology data agree with mechanobiology Young's modulus analysis
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Van der Meeren
- Nano-Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.,Cancer Research Institute Ghent, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Joost Verduijn
- Nano-Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.,Cancer Research Institute Ghent, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dmitri V Krysko
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.,Cell Death Investigation and Therapy Laboratory, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Pathophysiology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119146 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - André G Skirtach
- Nano-Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.,Cancer Research Institute Ghent, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Vikulina AS, Skirtach AG, Volodkin D. Hybrids of Polymer Multilayers, Lipids, and Nanoparticles: Mimicking the Cellular Microenvironment. Langmuir 2019; 35:8565-8573. [PMID: 30726090 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b04328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Here we address research directions and trends developed following novel concepts in 2D/3D self-assembled polymer structures established in the department led by Helmuth Möhwald. These functional structures made of hybrids of polymer multilayers, lipids, and nanoparticles stimulated research in the design of the cellular microenvironment. The composition of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and dynamics of biofactor presentation in the ECM can be recapitulated by the hybrids. Proteins serve as models for protein-based biofactors such as growth factors, cytokines, hormones, and so forth. A fundamental understanding of complex intermolecular interactions and approaches developed for the externally IR-light-triggered release offers a powerful tool for controlling the biofactor presentation. Pure protein beads made via a mild templating on vaterite CaCO3 crystals can mimic cellular organelles in terms of the compartmentalization of active proteins. We believe that an integration of the approaches developed and described here offers a strong tool for engineering and mimicking both extra- and intracellular microenvironments.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Vikulina
- Branch Bioanalytics and Bioprocesses, Department Cellular Biotechnology & Biochips , Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology , Am Mühlenberg 13 , 14476 Potsdam-Golm , Germany
| | - A G Skirtach
- NanoBioTechnology Group, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering , Ghent University , 9000 Ghent , Belgium
| | - D Volodkin
- Department of Chemistry and Forensics, School of Science & Technology , Nottingham Trent University , Clifton Lane , Nottingham NG11 8NS , United Kingdom
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Chernozem RV, Surmeneva MA, Shkarina SN, Loza K, Epple M, Ulbricht M, Cecilia A, Krause B, Baumbach T, Abalymov AA, Parakhonskiy BV, Skirtach AG, Surmenev RA. Piezoelectric 3-D Fibrous Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)-Based Scaffolds Ultrasound-Mineralized with Calcium Carbonate for Bone Tissue Engineering: Inorganic Phase Formation, Osteoblast Cell Adhesion, and Proliferation. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019; 11:19522-19533. [PMID: 31058486 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b04936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Elaboration of novel biocomposites providing simultaneously both biodegradability and stimulated bone tissue repair is essential for regenerative medicine. In particular, piezoelectric biocomposites are attractive because of a possibility to electrically stimulate cell response. In the present study, novel CaCO3-mineralized piezoelectric biodegradable scaffolds based on two polymers, poly[( R)3-hydroxybutyrate] (PHB) and poly[3-hydroxybutyrate- co-3-hydroxyvalerate] (PHBV), are presented. Mineralization of the scaffold surface is carried out by the in situ synthesis of CaCO3 in the vaterite and calcite polymorphs using ultrasound (U/S). Comparative characterization of PHB and PHBV scaffolds demonstrated an impact of the porosity and surface charge on the mineralization in a dynamic mechanical system, as no essential distinction was observed in wettability, structure, and surface chemical compositions. A significantly higher (4.3 times) piezoelectric charge and a higher porosity (∼15%) lead to a more homogenous CaCO3 growth in 3-D fibrous structures and result in a two times higher relative mass increase for PHB scaffolds compared to that for PHBV. This also increases the local ion concentration incurred upon mineralization under U/S-generated dynamic mechanical conditions. The modification of the wettability for PHB and PHBV scaffolds from hydrophobic (nonmineralized fibers) to superhydrophilic (mineralized fibers) led to a pronounced apatite-forming behavior of scaffolds in a simulated body fluid. In turn, this results in the formation of a dense monolayer of well-distributed and proliferated osteoblast cells along the fibers. CaCO3-mineralized PHBV surfaces had a higher osteoblast cell adhesion and proliferation assigned to a higher amount of CaCO3 on the surface compared to that on PHB scaffolds, as incurred from micro-computed tomography (μCT). Importantly, a cell viability study confirmed biocompatibility of all the scaffolds. Thus, hybrid biocomposites based on the piezoelectric PHB polymers represent an effective scaffold platform functionalized by an inorganic phase and stimulating the growth of the bone tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- R V Chernozem
- Physical Materials Science and Composite Materials Centre , National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University , 634050 Tomsk , Russia
- Department of Biotechnology , Ghent University , 9000 Ghent , Belgium
| | - M A Surmeneva
- Physical Materials Science and Composite Materials Centre , National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University , 634050 Tomsk , Russia
| | - S N Shkarina
- Physical Materials Science and Composite Materials Centre , National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University , 634050 Tomsk , Russia
| | | | | | | | - A Cecilia
- Institute for Photon Science and Synchrotron Radiation (IPS) , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology , 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen , Germany
| | - B Krause
- Institute for Photon Science and Synchrotron Radiation (IPS) , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology , 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen , Germany
| | - T Baumbach
- Institute for Photon Science and Synchrotron Radiation (IPS) , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology , 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen , Germany
- Laboratory for Applications of Synchrotron Radiation (LAS) , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , 76049 Karlsruhe , Germany
| | - A A Abalymov
- Department of Biotechnology , Ghent University , 9000 Ghent , Belgium
| | - B V Parakhonskiy
- Department of Biotechnology , Ghent University , 9000 Ghent , Belgium
| | - A G Skirtach
- Department of Biotechnology , Ghent University , 9000 Ghent , Belgium
| | - R A Surmenev
- Physical Materials Science and Composite Materials Centre , National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University , 634050 Tomsk , Russia
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11
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Saveleva MS, Ivanov AN, Kurtukova MO, Atkin VS, Ivanova AG, Lyubun GP, Martyukova AV, Cherevko EI, Sargsyan AK, Fedonnikov AS, Norkin IA, Skirtach AG, Gorin DA, Parakhonskiy BV. Hybrid PCL/CaCO 3 scaffolds with capabilities of carrying biologically active molecules: Synthesis, loading and in vivo applications. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl 2017; 85:57-67. [PMID: 29407157 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Designing advanced biomaterials for tissue regeneration with drug delivery and release functionalities remains a challenge in regenerative medicine. In this research, we have developed novel composite scaffolds based on polymeric polycaprolactone fibers coated with porous calcium carbonate structures (PCL/CaCO3) for tissue engineering and have shown their drug delivery and release in rats. In vivo biocompatibility tests of PCL/CaCO3 scaffolds were complemented with in vivo drug release study, where tannic acid (TA) was used as a model drug. Release of TA from the scaffolds was realized by recrystallization of the porous vaterite phase of calcium carbonate into the crystalline calcite. Cell colonization and tissue vascularization as well as transplantability of developed PCL/CaCO3+TA scaffolds were observed. Detailed study of scaffold transformations during 21-day implantation period was followed by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction studies before and after in vivo implantation. The presented results demonstrate that PCL/CaCO3 scaffolds are attractive candidates for implants in bone regeneration and tissue engineering with a possibility of loading biologically active molecules and controlled release.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Saveleva
- Educational Research Institute of Nanostructures and Biosystems, Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya 83, Saratov 410012, Russia; Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Ghent 9000, Belgium.
| | - A N Ivanov
- Research Institute of Traumatology, Orthopaedics and Neurosurgery, Saratov State Medical University, Chernyshevskogo 148, Saratov 410002, Russia; Department of Histology, Saratov State Medical University, B. Kazachya 112, Saratov 410012, Russia
| | - M O Kurtukova
- Department of Histology, Saratov State Medical University, B. Kazachya 112, Saratov 410012, Russia
| | - V S Atkin
- Educational Research Institute of Nanostructures and Biosystems, Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya 83, Saratov 410012, Russia
| | - A G Ivanova
- FSRC Crystallography and Photonics RAS, Leninskiy prospect 59, Moscow 119333, Russia
| | - G P Lyubun
- Educational Research Institute of Nanostructures and Biosystems, Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya 83, Saratov 410012, Russia
| | - A V Martyukova
- Department of Histology, Saratov State Medical University, B. Kazachya 112, Saratov 410012, Russia
| | - E I Cherevko
- Department of Histology, Saratov State Medical University, B. Kazachya 112, Saratov 410012, Russia
| | - A K Sargsyan
- Department of Histology, Saratov State Medical University, B. Kazachya 112, Saratov 410012, Russia
| | - A S Fedonnikov
- Research Institute of Traumatology, Orthopaedics and Neurosurgery, Saratov State Medical University, Chernyshevskogo 148, Saratov 410002, Russia
| | - I A Norkin
- Research Institute of Traumatology, Orthopaedics and Neurosurgery, Saratov State Medical University, Chernyshevskogo 148, Saratov 410002, Russia
| | - A G Skirtach
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - D A Gorin
- Skoltech center of Photonics & Quantum Materials, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Skolkovo Innovation Center, Building 3, Moscow 143026, Russia; Educational Research Institute of Nanostructures and Biosystems, Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya 83, Saratov 410012, Russia
| | - B V Parakhonskiy
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Ghent 9000, Belgium; FSRC Crystallography and Photonics RAS, Leninskiy prospect 59, Moscow 119333, Russia.
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12
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Palankar R, Pinchasik BE, Schmidt S, De Geest BG, Fery A, Möhwald H, Skirtach AG, Delcea M. Mechanical strength and intracellular uptake of CaCO3-templated LbL capsules composed of biodegradable polyelectrolytes: the influence of the number of layers. J Mater Chem B 2013; 1:1175-1181. [DOI: 10.1039/c2tb00319h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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13
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Kohler D, Madaboosi N, Delcea M, Schmidt S, De Geest BG, Volodkin DV, Möhwald H, Skirtach AG. Patchiness of embedded particles and film stiffness control through concentration of gold nanoparticles. Adv Mater 2012; 24:1095-1100. [PMID: 22266798 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201103958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Patchy particles are fabricated using a method of embedding-into and extracting-from thick, biocompatible, gel-like HA/PLL films. Control over the patchiness is achieved by adjusting the stiffness of films, which affects embedding and masking of particles. The stiffness is adjusted by the concentration of gold nanoparticles adsorbed onto the surface of the films.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Kohler
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany.
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14
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Delcea M, Möhwald H, Skirtach AG. Stimuli-responsive LbL capsules and nanoshells for drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2011; 63:730-47. [PMID: 21463658 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2011.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 579] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2010] [Revised: 02/14/2011] [Accepted: 03/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Review of basic principles and recent developments in the area of stimuli responsive polymeric capsules and nanoshells formed via layer-by-layer (LbL) is presented. The most essential attributes of the LbL approach are multifunctionality and responsiveness to a multitude of stimuli. The stimuli can be logically divided into three categories: physical (light, electric, magnetic, ultrasound, mechanical, and temperature), chemical (pH, ionic strength, solvent, and electrochemical) and biological (enzymes and receptors). Using these stimuli, numerous functionalities of nanoshells have been demonstrated: encapsulation, release including that inside living cells or in tissue, sensors, enzymatic reactions, enhancement of mechanical properties, and fusion. This review describes mechanisms and basic principles of stimuli effects, describes progress in the area, and gives an outlook on emerging trends such as theranostics and nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihaela Delcea
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Research Campus Golm, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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15
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Pavlov AM, Sapelkin AV, Huang X, P'ng KMY, Bushby AJ, Sukhorukov GB, Skirtach AG. Neuron Cells Uptake of Polymeric Microcapsules and Subsequent Intracellular Release. Macromol Biosci 2011; 11:848-54. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201000494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2010] [Revised: 02/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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16
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Delcea M, Madaboosi N, Yashchenok AM, Subedi P, Volodkin DV, De Geest BG, Möhwald H, Skirtach AG. Anisotropic multicompartment micro- and nano-capsules produced via embedding into biocompatible PLL/HA films. Chem Commun (Camb) 2010; 47:2098-100. [PMID: 21183993 DOI: 10.1039/c0cc04820h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
We present a novel strategy to fabricate anisotropic multicompartment Janus capsules by embedding larger containers into a soft poly-L-lysine/hyaluronic acid (PLL/HA) polymeric film, followed by adsorption of smaller containers on top of their unmasked surface. This research is also attractive for developing substrates for cell cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihaela Delcea
- Max-Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14424-Potsdam, Germany.
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17
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Delcea M, Schmidt S, Palankar R, Fernandes PAL, Fery A, Möhwald H, Skirtach AG. Mechanobiology: correlation between mechanical stability of microcapsules studied by AFM and impact of cell-induced stresses. Small 2010; 6:2858-2862. [PMID: 21086520 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201001478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mihaela Delcea
- Max-Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Interfaces Department, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.
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18
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Volodkin DV, Madaboosi N, Blacklock J, Skirtach AG, Möhwald H. Surface-supported multilayers decorated with bio-active material aimed at light-triggered drug delivery. Langmuir 2009; 25:14037-14043. [PMID: 19670892 DOI: 10.1021/la9015433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we report on the functionalization of layer-by-layer films with gold nanoparticles, microcapsules, and DNA molecules by spontaneous incorporation into the film. Exponentially growing films from biopolymers, namely, hyaluronic acid (HA) and poly-L-lysine (PLL), and linearly growing films from the synthetic polymers, namely, poly(styrene sulfonate) (PSS) and poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH), were examined for the embedding. The studied (PLL/HA)(24)/PLL and (PAH/PSS)(24)/PAH films are later named HA/PLL and PSS/PAH films, respectively. The HA/PLL film has been found to be more efficient for both particle and DNA embedding than PSS/PAH because of spontaneous PLL transport from the interior of the whole HA/PLL film to the surface in order to make additional contact with embedded particles or DNA. DNA and nanoparticles can be immobilized in HA/PLL films, reaching loading capacities of 1.5 and 100 microg/cm(2), respectively. The capacities of PSS/PAH films are 5 and 12 times lower than that for films made from biopolymers. Polyelectrolyte microcapsules adsorb irreversibly on the HA/PLL film surface as single particles whereas very poor interaction was observed for PSS/PAH. This intrinsic property of the HA/PLL film is due to the high mobility of PLL within the film whereas the structure of the PSS/PAH film is "frozen in". Gold nanoparticles and DNA form micrometer-sized aggregates or patches on the HA/PLL film surface. The diffusion of nanoparticles and DNA into the HA/PLL film is restricted at room temperature, but DNA diffusion is triggered by heating to 70 degrees C, leading to homogeneous filling of the film with DNA. The film has not only a high loading capacity but also can be activated by "biofriendly" near-infrared (IR) laser light, thanks to the gold nanoparticle aggregates on the film surface. Composite HA/PLL films with embedded gold nanoparticles and DNA can be activated by light, resulting in DNA release. We assume that the mechanism of the release is dependent on the disturbance in bonding between "doping" PLL and DNA, which is induced by local thermal decomposition of the HA/PLL network in the film when the film is exposed to IR light. Remote IR-light activation of dextran-filled microcapsules modified by gold nanoparticles and integrated into the HA/PLL film is also demonstrated, revealing an alternative release pathway using immobilized light-sensitive carriers (microcapsules).
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Affiliation(s)
- D V Volodkin
- Max-Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Research Campus Golm, Potsdam, D-14424 Germany.
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19
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Palankar R, Skirtach AG, Kreft O, Bédard M, Garstka M, Gould K, Möhwald H, Sukhorukov GB, Winterhalter M, Springer S. Controlled intracellular release of peptides from microcapsules enhances antigen presentation on MHC class I molecules. Small 2009; 5:2168-2176. [PMID: 19644923 DOI: 10.1002/smll.200900809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
To understand the time course of action of any small molecule inside a single cell, one would deposit a defined amount inside the cell and initiate its activity at a defined moment. An elegant way to achieve this is to encapsulate the molecule in a micrometer-sized reservoir, introduce it into a cell, remotely open its wall by a laser pulse, and then follow the biological response by microscopy. The validity of this approach is validated here using microcapsules with defined walls that are doped with metallic nanoparticles so as to enable them to be opened with an infrared laser. The capsules are loaded with a fluorescent antigenic peptide and introduced into mammalian cultured cells where, upon laser-induced release, the peptide binds to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I proteins and elicits their cell surface transport. The concept of releasing a drug inside a cell and following its action is applicable to many problems in cell biology and medicine.
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20
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Volodkin DV, Delcea M, Möhwald H, Skirtach AG. Remote near-IR light activation of a hyaluronic acid/poly(l-lysine) multilayered film and film-entrapped microcapsules. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2009; 1:1705-1710. [PMID: 20355786 DOI: 10.1021/am900269c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Spontaneous embedding of gold nanoparticle (NP) aggregates or polyelectrolyte microcapsules modified with NPs in biocompatible hyaluronic acid/poly(l-lysine) films is reported. The NPs were adsorbed in the aggregated state to induce near-IR light absorption. The films functionalized with gold NPs become active in response to a "biologically friendly" near-IR laser at a power of about 20 mW. The activation is characterized by a localized temperature increase in the film, allowing conversion of light energy to heat into confined volumes. Microcapsules adsorbed onto the film can release its cargo under stimulation with near-IR light because of localized permeability changes in their walls. This work is aimed at layer-by-layer film-based biomedical coatings and active surfaces with light-sensitive features wherein metal NPs and microcapsules are used as active centers or carriers with remote control of functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- D V Volodkin
- Max-Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Research Campus Golm, Potsdam D-14424, Germany.
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21
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Muñoz Javier A, del Pino P, Bedard MF, Ho D, Skirtach AG, Sukhorukov GB, Plank C, Parak WJ. Photoactivated release of cargo from the cavity of polyelectrolyte capsules to the cytosol of cells. Langmuir 2008; 24:12517-20. [PMID: 18844388 DOI: 10.1021/la802448z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Polyelectrolyte capsules with metal nanoparticles in their walls and fluorescently labeled polymers as cargo inside their cavity were prepared. Capsules were ingested by living cells with no uncontrolled release of the cargo upon the incorporation process. Photoinduced heating of the metal nanoparticles in the capsule walls lead to rupture of the capsule walls, and the polymeric cargo was released to the whole cytosol. Viability tests demonstrate that opening of capsules at moderate light intensities does not impair the cellular metabolism, whereas capsule opening at high light intensities ultimately leads to cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Muñoz Javier
- Fachbereich Physik, Philipps Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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22
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Grover SC, Skirtach AG, Gauthier RC, Grover CP. Automated single-cell sorting system based on optical trapping. J Biomed Opt 2001; 6:14-22. [PMID: 11178576 DOI: 10.1117/1.1333676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/1999] [Revised: 10/09/2000] [Accepted: 10/25/2000] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We provide a basis for automated single-cell sorting based on optical trapping and manipulation using human peripheral blood as a model system. A counterpropagating dual-beam optical-trapping configuration is shown theoretically and experimentally to be preferred due to a greater ability to manipulate cells in three dimensions. Theoretical analysis performed by simulating the propagation of rays through the region containing an erythrocyte (red blood cell) divided into numerous elements confirms experimental results showing that a trapped erythrocyte orients with its longest axis in the direction of propagation of the beam. The single-cell sorting system includes an image-processing system using thresholding, background subtraction, and edge-enhancement algorithms, which allows for the identification of single cells. Erythrocytes have been identified and manipulated into designated volumes using the automated dual-beam trap. Potential applications of automated single-cell sorting, including the incorporation of molecular biology techniques, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Grover
- University of Toronto, Faculty of Medicine, Ontario, Canada
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23
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Skirtach AG, Simkin DJ. Amplification of a phase-conjugate signal in a nonlinear absorptive Kerr medium. Opt Lett 1997; 22:673-675. [PMID: 18185624 DOI: 10.1364/ol.22.000673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We present the results of amplification of the phase-conjugate reflectivity in an absorptive nonlinear Kerr medium by nondegenerate four-wave mixing. The influence of two-beam coupling on the phase-conjugate signal is observed and analyzed. The frequency domain response of nondegenerate four-wave mixing produces a tunable narrow-band optical filter.
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Affiliation(s)
- A G Skirtach
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2K6, Canada
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