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Alves SS, da Silva Junior RMP, Delfino-Pereira P, Pereira MGAG, Vasconcelos I, Schwaemmle H, Mazzei RF, Carlos ML, Espreafico EM, Tedesco AC, Sebollela A, Almeida SS, de Oliveira JAC, Garcia-Cairasco N. A Genetic Model of Epilepsy with a Partial Alzheimer's Disease-Like Phenotype and Central Insulin Resistance. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:3721-3737. [PMID: 35378696 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02810-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Studies have suggested an important connection between epilepsy and Alzheimer's disease (AD), mostly due to the high number of patients diagnosed with AD who develop epileptic seizures later on. However, this link is not well understood. Previous studies from our group have identified memory impairment and metabolic abnormalities in the Wistar audiogenic rat (WAR) strain, a genetic model of epilepsy. Our goal was to investigate AD behavioral and molecular alterations, including brain insulin resistance, in naïve (seizure-free) animals of the WAR strain. We used the Morris water maze (MWM) test to evaluate spatial learning and memory performance and hippocampal tissue to verify possible molecular and immunohistochemical alterations. WARs presented worse performance in the MWM test (p < 0.0001), higher levels of hyperphosphorylated tau (S396) (p < 0.0001) and phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase 3 (S21/9) (p < 0.05), and lower insulin receptor levels (p < 0.05). Conversely, WARs and Wistar controls present progressive increase in amyloid fibrils (p < 0.0001) and low levels of soluble amyloid-β. Interestingly, the detected alterations were age-dependent, reaching larger differences in aged than in young adult animals. In summary, the present study provides evidence of a partial AD-like phenotype, including altered regulation of insulin signaling, in a genetic model of epilepsy. Together, these data contribute to the understanding of the connection between epilepsy and AD as comorbidities. Moreover, since both tau hyperphosphorylation and altered insulin signaling have already been reported in epilepsy and AD, these two events should be considered as important components in the interconnection between epilepsy and AD pathogenesis and, therefore, potential therapeutic targets in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suélen Santos Alves
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavioral Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School - University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | | | - Polianna Delfino-Pereira
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavioral Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School - University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | | | - Israel Vasconcelos
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School - University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Hanna Schwaemmle
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School - University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Focosi Mazzei
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (FFCLRP-USP), Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Maiko Luiz Carlos
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (FFCLRP-USP), Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Enilza Maria Espreafico
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, Ribeirão Preto Medical School - University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Antônio Claudio Tedesco
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (FFCLRP-USP), Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Adriano Sebollela
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School - University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Sebastião Sousa Almeida
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (FFCLRP-USP), Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - José Antônio Cortes de Oliveira
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School - University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Av. Dos Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeirao Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Norberto Garcia-Cairasco
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavioral Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School - University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Ribeirao Preto, Brazil.
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School - University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Av. Dos Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeirao Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil.
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Carmello JC, Alves F, Ribeiro APD, Basso FG, de Souza Costa CA, Tedesco AC, Primo FL, Mima EG, Pavarina AC. In vivophotodynamic inactivation ofCandida albicansusing chloro-aluminum phthalocyanine. Oral Dis 2016; 22:415-22. [DOI: 10.1111/odi.12466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- JC Carmello
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics; Araraquara Dental School; UNESP- Univ Estadual Paulista; Araraquara Brazil
| | - F Alves
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics; Araraquara Dental School; UNESP- Univ Estadual Paulista; Araraquara Brazil
| | - APD Ribeiro
- Department of Dentistry; School of Health Science; UnB - University of Brasília; Brasília Brazil
| | - FG Basso
- Department of Physiology and Pathology; Araraquara Dental School; UNESP- Univ Estadual Paulista; Araraquara Brazil
| | - CA de Souza Costa
- Department of Physiology and Pathology; Araraquara Dental School; UNESP- Univ Estadual Paulista; Araraquara Brazil
| | - AC Tedesco
- Center of Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineers; Photobiology and Photomedicine Research Group; FFCLRP-São Paulo University; Ribeirão Preto Brazil
| | - FL Primo
- Department of Bioprocess and Biotechnology; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; UNESP- Univ Estadual Paulista; Araraquara Brazil
| | - EG Mima
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics; Araraquara Dental School; UNESP- Univ Estadual Paulista; Araraquara Brazil
| | - AC Pavarina
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics; Araraquara Dental School; UNESP- Univ Estadual Paulista; Araraquara Brazil
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Feuser PE, Gaspar PC, Jacques AV, Tedesco AC, Santos Silva MCD, Ricci-Júnior E, Sayer C, de Araújo PHH. Synthesis of ZnPc loaded poly(methyl methacrylate) nanoparticles via miniemulsion polymerization for photodynamic therapy in leukemic cells. Materials Science and Engineering: C 2016; 60:458-466. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2015.11.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Revised: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Feuser PE, Fernandes AC, Nele M, Viegas ADC, Ricci-Junior E, Tedesco AC, Sayer C, de Araújo PHH. Simultaneous encapsulation of magnetic nanoparticles and zinc phthalocyanine in poly(methyl methacrylate) nanoparticles by miniemulsion polymerization and in vitro studies. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2015; 135:357-364. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2015.07.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Revised: 06/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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5
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Feuser PE, Bubniak LDS, Silva MCDS, Viegas ADC, Castilho Fernandes A, Ricci-Junior E, Nele M, Tedesco AC, Sayer C, de Araújo PHH. Encapsulation of magnetic nanoparticles in poly(methyl methacrylate) by miniemulsion and evaluation of hyperthermia in U87MG cells. Eur Polym J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2015.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Souza ACO, Nascimento AL, de Vasconcelos NM, Jerônimo MS, Siqueira IM, R-Santos L, Cintra DOS, Fuscaldi LL, Pires Júnior OR, Titze-de-Almeida R, Borin MF, Báo SN, Martins OP, Cardoso VN, Fernandes SO, Mortari MR, Tedesco AC, Amaral AC, Felipe MSS, Bocca AL. Activity and in vivo tracking of Amphotericin B loaded PLGA nanoparticles. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 95:267-76. [PMID: 25827397 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Revised: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The development of biocompatible polymeric nanoparticles has become an important strategy for optimizing the therapeutic efficacy of many classical drugs, as it may expand their activities, reduce their toxicity, increase their bioactivity and improve biodistribution. In this study, nanoparticles of Amphotericin B entrapped within poly (lactic-co-glycolic) acid and incorporated with dimercaptosuccinic acid (NANO-D-AMB) as a target molecule were evaluated for their physic-chemical characteristics, pharmacokinetics, biocompatibility and antifungal activity. We found high plasma concentrations of Amphotericin B upon treatment with NANO-D-AMB and a high uptake of nanoparticles in the lungs, liver and spleen. NANO-D-AMB exhibited antifungal efficacy against Paracoccidioides brasiliensis and induced much lower cytotoxicity levels compared to D-AMB formulation in vivo and in vitro. Together, these results confirm that NANO-D-AMB improves Amphotericin B delivery and suggest this delivery system as a potential alternative to the use of Amphotericin B sodium deoxycholate.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C O Souza
- Biology Institute, University of Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | | | | | - M S Jerônimo
- Biology Institute, University of Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - I M Siqueira
- Biology Institute, University of Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - L R-Santos
- Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, University of Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - D O S Cintra
- Biology Institute, University of Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - L L Fuscaldi
- Biotechnology Department, Health Sciences Faculty, University of Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | | | - R Titze-de-Almeida
- Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, University of Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - M F Borin
- Biotechnology Department, Health Sciences Faculty, University of Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - S N Báo
- Biology Institute, University of Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - O P Martins
- Chemistry Department of FFCLRP, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - V N Cardoso
- Pharmacy Department, Federal University of Minas Gerais, MG, Brazil
| | - S O Fernandes
- Pharmacy Department, Federal University of Minas Gerais, MG, Brazil
| | - M R Mortari
- Biology Institute, University of Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - A C Tedesco
- Chemistry Department of FFCLRP, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - A C Amaral
- Biotechnology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, GO, Brazil.
| | - M S S Felipe
- Biology Institute, University of Brasília, DF, Brazil; Genomic Science and Biotechnology Post-Graduate Program, Catholic University of Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - A L Bocca
- Biology Institute, University of Brasília, DF, Brazil
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Primo FL, de Paula LB, de Siqueira-Moura MP, Tedesco AC. Photobiostimulation on wound healing treatment by ClAlPc-nanoemulsion from a multiple-wavelength portable light source on a 3D-human stem cell dermal equivalent. Curr Med Chem 2013; 19:5157-63. [PMID: 22934760 DOI: 10.2174/092986712803530502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2012] [Revised: 07/04/2012] [Accepted: 07/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This research evaluated the effect of multiple-wave lasertherapy on the healing process of surgical wounds based on in vitro models denominated stem-dermal equivalents. These human skin models were obtained from a co-culture of dermal cells and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. The experimental tests were carried out using a LED portable to multiple waves (operating at 660 nm and 810 nm) at different doses to induce photobiostimulation (10 to 70 mJ.cm-2). Moreover, a photosensitizer drug was employed as a new advanced designed nanomaterial, being a nanoemulsion with biopolymers to obtain an efficient drug delivery system to release lipophilic compounds. The studies were performed considering the light combination application monitoring the kinetic contraction of the dermal equivalent model and the quantification of important macromolecules (as metaloproteases derivatives), related directly with wound healing process. Results showed that an appropriate photomodulation using the combination of both wavelengths (in the red and infrared range) is possible, such that it can contribute to wound healing therapy and/or other pathological skin disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- F L Primo
- Departamento de Química, Laboratório de Fotobiologia e Fotomedicina, Centro de Nanotecnologia e Engenharia Tecidual, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, 14040-901, Ribeirão Preto-SP, Brazil
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Vaccari CB, Cerize NNP, Morais PC, Ré MI, Tedesco AC. Biocompatible magnetic microspheres for Use in PDT and hyperthermia. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2012; 12:5111-5116. [PMID: 22905587 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2012.4950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Loaded microspheres with a silicon (IV) phthalocyanine derivative (NzPC) acting as a photosensitizer were prepared from polyhydroxybutyrate-co-valerate (PHBHV) and poly(ecaprolactone) (PCL) polymers using the emulsification solvent evaporation method (EE). The aim of our study was to prepare two systems of these biodegradable PHBHV/PCL microspheres. The first one containing only photosensitizer previously incorporated in the PHBHV and poly(ecaprolactone) (PCL) microspheres and the second one with the post magnetization of the DDS with magnetic nanoparticles. Magnetic fluid is successfully used for controlled incorporation of nanosized magnetic particles within the micron-sized template. This is the first time that we could get a successful pos incorporation of nanosized magnetic particles in a previously-prepared polymeric template. This procedure opens a great number of possibilities of post-functionalization of polymeric micro or nanoparticles with different bioactive materials. The NzPC release profile of the systems is ideal for PDT, the zeta potential and the size particle are stable upon aging in time. In vitro studies were evaluated using gingival fibroblastic cell line. The dark citotoxicity, the phototoxicity and the AC magnetic field assays of the as-prepared nanomagnetic composite were evaluated and the cellular viability analyzed by the classical test of MTT.
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Affiliation(s)
- C B Vaccari
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Nanotecnologia e Engenharia Tecidual-Lab. de Fotobiologia e Fotomedicina, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto SP 14040-901, Brazil
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9
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Junqueira JC, Jorge AOC, Barbosa JO, Rossoni RD, Vilela SFG, Costa ACBP, Primo FL, Gonçalves JM, Tedesco AC, Suleiman JMAH. Photodynamic inactivation of biofilms formed by Candida spp., Trichosporon mucoides, and Kodamaea ohmeri by cationic nanoemulsion of zinc 2,9,16,23-tetrakis(phenylthio)-29H, 31H-phthalocyanine (ZnPc). Lasers Med Sci 2012; 27:1205-12. [PMID: 22278349 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-012-1050-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2011] [Accepted: 01/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The biofilms formed by opportunistic yeasts serve as a persistent reservoir of infection and impair the treatment of fungal diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate photodynamic inactivation (PDI) of biofilms formed by Candida spp. and the emerging pathogens Trichosporon mucoides and Kodamaea ohmeri by a cationic nanoemulsion of zinc 2,9,16,23-tetrakis(phenylthio)-29H,31H-phthalocyanine (ZnPc). Biofilms formed by yeasts after 48 h in the bottom of 96-well microtiter plates were treated with the photosensitizer (ZnPc) and a GaAlAs laser (26.3 J cm(-2)). The biofilm cells were scraped off the well wall, homogenized, and seeded onto Sabouraud dextrose agar plates that were then incubated at 37°C for 48 h. Efficient PDI of biofilms was verified by counting colony-forming units (CFU/ml), and the data were submitted to analysis of variance and the Tukey test (p < 0.05). All biofilms studied were susceptible to PDI with statistically significant differences. The strains of Candida genus were more resistant to PDI than emerging pathogens T. mucoides and K. ohmeri. A mean reduction of 0.45 log was achieved for Candida spp. biofilms, and a reduction of 0.85 and 0.84, were achieved for biofilms formed by T. mucoides and K. ohmeri, respectively. Therefore, PDI by treatment with nanostructured formulations cationic zinc 2,9,16,23- tetrakis (phenylthio)- 29H, 31H- phthalocyanine (ZnPc) and a laser reduced the number of cells in the biofilms formed by strains of C. albicans and non-Candida albicans as well the emerging pathogens T. mucoides and K. ohmeri.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Junqueira
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry of São José dos Campos, Univ Estadual Paulista, Engenheiro Francisco José Longo 777, São Dimas, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil.
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Gotardo MCAF, Sacco HC, Filho JCS, Ferreira AG, Tedesco AC, Assis MD. A novel crowned porphyrin derived from meso-tetrakis(penta-fluorophenyl)porphyrin. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2012. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424603000513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The porphyrin 5,10,15,20-tetrakis[4-(1,4,7,10,13-pentaoxacyclopentadecane-2-aminomethyl)2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenyl]porphyrin,T15C5P, was synthesized by the reaction of 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)porphyrin with the crown ether 2-aminomethyl-(15-crown-5). The crowned porphyrin showed a distinct spectroscopic behavior in the presence of sodium and potassium ions. Dimerization studies based on absorption measurements clearly indicate that T15C5P aggregates in the presence of potassium ions in chloroform/methanol medium (1.0 × 10−5 mol.L −1 or 1.0 × 10−4 mol.L −1), with a dimerization constant ( K D ) of 2.14 × 10−5 and 2.23 × 10−5, respectively. The same formalism applied to the T15C5P in the presence of sodium ions indicated absence of the aggregation process. The ionic radius of Na + is suitable to fit well into the cavity of 15-crown-5 moieties, leading to intramolecular complexes only. Potassium ion is too large to lie in the hole of the crown ether entities and is probably located between two porphyrin molecules, promoting 2:1 aggregated complexes through it's sandwiching, as is observed for phthalocyanines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Carolina A. F. Gotardo
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, CEP 14040-901, Brazil
| | - Hérica C. Sacco
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, CEP 14040-901, Brazil
| | - Juvenal C. S. Filho
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, CEP 14040-901, Brazil
| | - Antônio G. Ferreira
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luis, Km 235, São Carlos CEP 13595-905, Brazil
| | - Antônio Claudio Tedesco
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, CEP 14040-901, Brazil
| | - Marilda D. Assis
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, CEP 14040-901, Brazil
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Paula JS, Ribeiro VRC, Sampaio RB, Mendonca RJ, Haddad A, Tedesco AC, Coutinho-Netto J, Haendchen HA, Jorge R. Rabbit rubeosis iridis induced by intravitreal latex-derived angiogenic fraction. Curr Eye Res 2011; 36:857-9. [PMID: 21599469 DOI: 10.3109/02713683.2011.576797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe the presence of iris neovascularization in a rabbit-model of retinal neovascularization induced by the intravitreal injection of latex-derived angiogenic fraction microspheres (LAF). MATERIALS AND METHODS Eight New Zealand rabbits received one intravitreal injection of PLGA (L-lactide-co-glycolide) microspheres with 50 ug of LAF in the right eye (Group A). Microspheres without the LAF (0.1 ml) were injected in controls (Group B; n = 8). Follow-up with clinical evaluation and iris fluorescein angiography was performed after 4 weeks when eyes were processed for light microscopy. RESULTS All eyes from Group A showed significant vascular dilation, conjunctival hyperemia and neovascularization on the iris surface, after LAF injection. No vascular changes were observed in Group B. CONCLUSIONS The intravitreal injection of microspheres containing the LAF can induce rubeosis iridis in rabbits and could be used as a simple experimental model for iris neovascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Paula
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
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12
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Siqueira-Moura MP, Primo FL, Peti APF, Tedesco AC. Validated spectrophotometric and spectrofluorimetric methods for determination of chloroaluminum phthalocyanine in nanocarriers. Pharmazie 2010; 65:9-14. [PMID: 20187572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
UV-VIS-Spectrophotometric and spectrofluorimetric methods have been developed and validated allowing the quantification of chloroaluminum phthalocyanine (CIAIPc) in nanocarriers. In order to validate the methods, the linearity, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), precision, accuracy, and selectivity were examined according to USP 30 and ICH guidelines. Linearities range were found between 0.50-3.00 microg x mL(-1) (Y = 0.3829 X [CIAIPc, microg x mL(-1)] + 0.0126; r = 0.9992) for spectrophotometry, and 0.05-1.00 microg x mL(-1) (Y = 2.24 x 10(6) X [CIAIPc, microg x mL(-1)] + 9.74 x 10(4); r = 0.9978) for spectrofluorimetry. In addition, ANOVA and Lack-of-fit tests demonstrated that the regression equations were statistically significant (p<0.05), and the resulting linear model is fully adequate for both analytical methods. The LOD values were 0.09 and 0.01 microg x mL(-1), while the LOQ were 0.27 and 0.04 microg x mL(-1) for spectrophotometric and spectrofluorimetric methods, respectively. Repeatability and intermediate precision for proposed methods showed relative standard deviation (RSD) between 0.58% to 4.80%. The percent recovery ranged from 98.9% to 102.7% for spectrophotometric analyses and from 94.2% to 101.2% for spectrofluorimetry. No interferences from common excipients were detected and both methods were considered specific. Therefore, the methods are accurate, precise, specific, and reproducible and hence can be applied for quantification of CIAIPc in nanoemulsions (NE) and nanocapsules (NC).
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Siqueira-Moura
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto (FCFRP), Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto-SP, Brasil
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Souza CS, Felicio LBA, Ferreira J, Kurachi C, Bentley MVB, Tedesco AC, Bagnato VS. Long-term follow-up of topical 5-aminolaevulinic acid photodynamic therapy diode laser single session for non-melanoma skin cancer. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2009. [PMID: 19932453 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2009.09.001p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is based on the association of a light source and light sensitive agents in order to cause the selective death of tumor cells. To evaluate topical 5-aminolaevulinic acid (5-ALA) and diode laser photodynamic single session therapy single session for non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC), a long-term follow-up was performed. Nineteen Bowen's disease (BD) and 15 basal cell carcinoma (BCC) lesions were submitted to 6-h topical and occlusive 20% 5-ALA plus DMSO and EDTA, and later were exposed to 630 nm diode laser, 100 or 300 J cm(-2) dose. At 3 months tumor-free rate was 91.2% (31/34) whereas at 60 months, 57.7% (15/26), slightly higher in BCC (63.6%; 7/11). The relation between the reduction of the clinical response and the increase of tumor dimension observed at 18 months was lost at 60 months. The sBCC recurrence was earlier compared to the nBCC one. ALA-PDT offered important advantages: it is minimally invasive, an option for patients under risk of surgical complications; clinical feasibility; treatment of multiple lesions in only one session or lesions in poor healing sites and superior esthetical results. However, the recurrence rate increase after ALA-PDT diode laser single session can be observed at long-term follow-up, and the repetitive sessions, an additional advantage of the method, is strongly recommended. The clinical response and recurrence time seem to be related to the laser light dose and NMSC types/sub-types, thickness and dimension, which must be considered for the choice of the ALA-PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Souza
- Division of Dermatology, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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14
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Simoni AR, Garcia MP, Azevedo RB, Chaves SB, Lacava ZGM, Lima ECD, Morais PC, Tedesco AC. Evaluation of the binding properties of maghemite nanoparticle surface-coated with meso-2-3-dimercaptosuccinic acid to serum albumin. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2008; 8:5813-5817. [PMID: 19198310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In this study the interaction between magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) surface-coated with meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) with both bovine serum albumin (BSA) and human serum albumin (HSA) was investigated. The binding of the MNP-DMSA was probed by the fluorescence quenching of the BSA and HSA tryptophan residue. Magnetic resonance and light microscopy analyses were carried out in in vivo tests using female Swiss mice. The binding constants (Kb) and the complex stoichiometries (n) indicate that MNP-DMSA/BSA and MNP-DMSA/HSA complexes have low association profiles. After five minutes following intravenous injection of MNP-DMSA into mice's blood stream we found the lung firstly target by the MNP-DMSA, followed by the liver in a latter stage. This finding suggests that the nanoparticle's DMSA-coating process probably hides the thiol group, through which albumin usually binds. This indicates that biocompatible MNP-DMSA is a very promising material system to be used as a drug delivery system (DDS), primarily for lung cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreza R Simoni
- Universidade de São Paulo, FFCLRP-USFP Ribeirão Preto-SP 14040-901, Brazil
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15
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Morais PC, Silveira LB, Oliveira AC, Lacava BM, Tedesco AC, Santos JG. Dynamic susceptibility investigation of maghemite nanoparticles incorporated in bovine serum albumin template. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2008; 8:2684-2687. [PMID: 18572708 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2008.550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Room-temperature measurements of the magnetic susceptibility of Bovine Serum Albumin-based nanocapsules (50 to 300 nm in size) loaded with different amounts of maghemite nanoparticles (7.6 nm average diameter) have been carried out in this study. The field (H) dependence of the imaginary peak susceptibility (fp) of the nanocomposite samples was investigated in the range of 0 to 4 kOe. From the analysis of the fp x H curves the concentration (N) dependence of the effective maghemite magnetocrystalline energy barrier (E) was obtained. Analysis of the E x N data was performed using a modified Mørup-Tronc [Phys. Rev. Lett. 72, 3278 (1994)] model, from which a huge contribution from the magnetocrystalline surface anisotropy was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- P C Morais
- Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Física, Núcleo de Física Aplicada, Brasília DF 70910-900, Brazil
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16
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Cardillo JA, Jorge R, Costa RA, Nunes SMT, Lavinsky D, Kuppermann BD, Tedesco AC, Farah ME. Experimental selective choriocapillaris photothrombosis using a modified indocyanine green formulation. Br J Ophthalmol 2008; 92:276-80. [DOI: 10.1136/bjo.2007.129395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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17
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Tamietti BFP, Machado AHA, Maftoum-Costa M, Da Silva NS, Tedesco AC, Pacheco-Soares C. Analysis of Mitochondrial Activity Related to Cell Death after PDT with AlPCS4. Photomed Laser Surg 2007; 25:175-9. [PMID: 17603857 DOI: 10.1089/pho.2007.2040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to report that photodynamic therapy (PDT) with mitochondria-associated chloroaluminum phthalocyanine tetrasulfonate (AlPcS(4)) leads to significant alterations in this organelle. BACKGROUND DATA PDT is a viable treatment modality for a variety of tumors, as well as for some non-oncologic diseases. The procedure submits cells or tissue to a photosensitizing drug followed by light irradiation of appropriate wavelength, usually in the red area or close to infrared, and compatible with the drug absorption spectrum, inducing the apoptotic process. However, the precise mechanism of PDT-induced apoptosis is not well characterized. Several cellular organelles can be postulated as the target for PDT with different photosensitizers such as plasmatic membrane, nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi complex, and others. The mitochondrion is the main target in PDT because it is the main organelle involved in apoptosis. One of the main agents is cytochrome c, a proapoptotic factor that preferentially links itself to the mitochondrial cardiolipin. METHODS The photosensitizing effects of AlPcS(4) were studied in the mitochondria. Cells were irradiated with a diode laser (670 nm, energy density of 4.5 J/cm(2), and power density of 45 mW/cm(2)). RESULTS The fluorescent analyses of the mitochondria were performed with MitoTracker and nonyl acridine orange (NAO), and electron microscopy demonstrated that PDT with AlPcS(4) leads to significant alterations in mitochondria, causing membrane potential loss, alteration in cardiolipin distribution and cell death. CONCLUSION The labels with Mitotracker and NAO demonstrated mitochondrial migration to the perinuclear region, confirmed through electron microscopy, suggesting that intact mitochondria were solicited for possible DNA fragmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- B F Perrin Tamietti
- Laboratório de Dinâmica de Compartimentos Celulares, Instituto de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento, Universidade do Vale do Paraíba, São José dos Campos, S.P., Brazil
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18
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Simioni AR, Martins OP, Lacava ZGM, Azevedo RB, Lima ECD, Lacava BM, Morais PC, Tedesco AC. Cell toxicity studies of albumin-based nanosized magnetic beads. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2006; 6:2413-5. [PMID: 17037849 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2006.511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to prepare bovine serum albumin-based beads containing maghemite nanoparticles incorporated via ionic magnetic fluid and to evaluate the cell toxicity of this biocompatible system using the J774-A1 cell line. Transmission electron micrographs obtained from the magnetic fluid sample were used to estimate the average particle diameter around 7.6 nm and diameter dispersion of 0.22. The BSA-based magnetic beads were prepared using the heat protein denaturation route. The nanoparticle concentration in the magnetic fluid sample used for the synthesis of the magnetic beads was in the range of 1.2 x 10(16) to 2.3 x 10(17) particle/ml. The methodology used to investigate the cell toxicity of the magnetic beads was the classical MTT assay. Our observation showed that the toxicity against the J774-A1 cell line depends upon the amount of magnetic material incorporated into the magnetic nanobeads and was found to be 14, 11, 9, 5, and 3% for 2.3 x 10(17), 1.2 x 10(17), 4.6 x 10(16), 2.3 x 10(16), and 1.2 x 10(16) particle/ml, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Simioni
- Departamento de Química, Grupo de Fotobiologia e Fotomedicina, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, 14040-901 Ribeirão Preto-SP, Brazil
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19
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Souza CS, Felício LBA, Bentley MV, Tedesco AC, Ferreira J, Kurachi C, Bagnato VS. Topical photodynamic therapy for Bowen's disease of the digit in epidermolysis bullosa. Br J Dermatol 2005; 153:672-4. [PMID: 16120168 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2005.06783.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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20
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Sibata MN, Tedesco AC, Marchetti JM. Photophysicals and photochemicals studies of zinc(II) phthalocyanine in long time circulation micelles for photodynamic therapy use. Eur J Pharm Sci 2005; 23:131-8. [PMID: 15451001 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2004.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2003] [Revised: 05/06/2004] [Accepted: 06/23/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Long time circulation systems, such as polymeric micelles, represent a growing area in biomedical research. These microparticles can be used in many biological systems to provide appropriate drug levels with a specific biodistribution. Long time circulation micelles (LTCM) were routinely prepared using PEG-5000-DSPE (polyethyleneglycol-5000-distearoil-phosphatidyl-ethanolamine) and zinc(II) phthalocyanine (ZnPc) as a photosensitizer and fluorescent probe. This compound belongs to a second generation of photoactive agents, mainly used in photodynamic therapy (PDT) of neoplasic tissues. Their high selectivity for tumoral target tissues as well as high phototoxicity based on singlet oxygen generation renders the utilization of these compounds feasible as an alternative therapy for cancer treatment. LTCM were characterized by classical spectroscopic techniques. Absorbance measurements indicated that the drug was s completely loaded into LTCM (epsilon = 2.41 x 10(5) cm(-1)). This was also verified by steady state and time-resolved fluorescence measurements. The lifetime profiles of ZnPc decay curves were fitted according to biexponential function (tau1 = 3.9 ns and tau2 = 15.5 ns) indicating different locations for ZnPc into LTCM. The time-resolved spectroscopy measurements for ZnPc triplet excited state lifetimes (tauT) were calculated from the kinetic analysis of transient decays at the absorption maximum (480 nm), by using laser flash photolysis technique. All the spectroscopy measurements performed allowed us to conclude that, ZnPc in LTCM is a promising drug delivery system (DDS) for PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- M N Sibata
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. do Café s/n, 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
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21
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Daghastanli NA, Degterev IA, Tedesco AC, Borissevitch IE. Photocytotoxicity of a 5-nitrofuran-ethenyl-quinoline antiseptic (Quinifuryl) to P388 mouse leukemia cells. Braz J Med Biol Res 2004; 37:1873-9. [PMID: 15558194 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2004001200013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Quinifuryl (MW 449.52), 2-(5'-nitro-2'-furanyl)ethenyl-4-[N-[4'-(N,N-diethylamino)-1'-methylbutyl]carbamoyl] quinoline, is a water soluble representative of a family of 5-nitrofuran-ethenyl-quinoline drugs which has been shown to be highly toxic to various lines of transformed cells in the dark. In the present study, the toxicity of Quinifuryl to P388 mouse leukemia cells was compared in the dark and under illumination with visible light (390-500 nm). Illumination of water solutions of Quinifuryl (at concentrations ranging from 0.09 to 9.0 microg/ml) in the presence of P388 cells resulted in its photodecomposition and was accompanied by elevated cytotoxicity. A significant capacity to kill P388 cells was detected at a drug concentration as low as 0.09 microg/ml. The toxic effect detected at this drug concentration under illumination exceeded the effect observed in the dark by more than three times. Moreover, the general toxic effect of Quinifuryl, which included cell proliferation arrest, was nearly 100%. Both dose- and time-dependent toxic effects were measured under illumination. The LC50 value of Quinifuryl during incubation with P388 cells was approximately 0.45 microg/ml under illumination for 60 min and >12 microg/ml in the dark. We have demonstrated that the final products of the Quinifuryl photolysis are not toxic, which means that the short-lived intermediates of Quinifuryl photodecomposition are responsible for the phototoxicity of this compound. The data obtained in the present study are the first to indicate photocytotoxicity of a nitroheterocyclic compound and demonstrate the possibility of its application as a photosensitizer drug for photochemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Daghastanli
- Departamento de Física e Matemática, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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22
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Ferreira SDRM, Tedesco AC, Sousa G, Zângaro RA, Silva NS, Pacheco MTT, Pacheco-Soares C. Analysis of mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum and actin filaments after PDT with AlPcS 4. Lasers Med Sci 2004; 18:207-12. [PMID: 15042425 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-003-0282-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2003] [Accepted: 10/28/2003] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a therapeutic modality for the treatment of tumors. This technique uses a visible light to activate a photosensitizer compounds, leading to a photo-oxidation process of biological tissue that can induce apoptosis or necrosis both in vivo and in vitro. However many of the cytotoxic effects remain an open question to be investigated. The cytotoxicity to specific cellular targets of classical photosensitizers used in the PDT in vitro has been analyzed in this work. The photosensitizing effects of Chloroaluminum Phthalocyanine Tetrasulfonate (AlPcS(4)) were studied on the mitochondria, cytoskeleton and endoplasmic reticulum of HeLa cells. The cells were irradiated with a diode laser (working at 670 nm; energy density of 4.5 J/cm(2 )and power density of 45 mW/cm(2)). The spectrofluorimetric analysis of the mitochondria showed changes in membrane potential. Cytoskeleton and endoplasmic reticulum showed basic alterations in distribution after PDT treatment, as an indicator of cellular death process.
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Affiliation(s)
- S D R M Ferreira
- Laboratory of Cellular and Tecidual Biology, Instituto de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento, Universidade do Vale do Paraíba, Av. Shishima Hifumi 2911, 12244-000, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
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23
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Nunes SMT, Sguilla FS, Tedesco AC. Photophysical studies of zinc phthalocyanine and chloroaluminum phthalocyanine incorporated into liposomes in the presence of additives. Braz J Med Biol Res 2004; 37:273-84. [PMID: 14762584 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2004000200016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The photophysical properties of zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPC) and chloroaluminum phthalocyanine (AlPHCl) incorporated into liposomes of dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine in the presence and absence of additives such as cholesterol or cardiolipin were studied by time-resolved fluorescence, laser flash photolysis and steady-state techniques. The absorbance of the drugs changed linearly with drug concentration, at least up to 5.0 M in homogeneous and heterogeneous media, indicating that aggregation did not occur in these media within this concentration range. The incorporation of the drugs into liposomes increases the dimerization constant by one order of magnitude (for ZnPC, 3.6 x 10(4) to 1.0 x 10(5) M-1 and for AlPHCl, 3.7 x 10(4) to 1.5 x 10(5) M-1), but this feature dose does not rule out the use of this carrier, since the incorporation of these hydrophobic drugs into liposomes permits their systemic administration. Probe location in biological membranes and predominant positions of the phthalocyanines in liposomes were inferred on the basis of their fluorescence and triplet state properties. Both phthalocyanines are preferentially distributed in the internal regions of the liposome bilayer. The additives affect the distribution of these drugs within the liposomes, a fact that controls their delivery when both are used in a biological medium, retarding their release. The addition of the additives to the liposomes increases the internalization of phthalocyanines. The interaction of the drugs with a plasma protein, bovine serum albumin, was examined quantitatively by the fluorescence technique. The results show that when the drugs were incorporated into small unilamellar liposomes, the association with albumin was enhanced when compared with organic media, a fact that should increase the selectivity of tumor targeting by these phthalocyanines (for ZnPC, 0.71 x 10(6) to 1.30 x 10(7) M-1 and for AlPHCl, 4.86 x 10(7) to 3.10 x 10(8) M-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- S M T Nunes
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, 14040-901 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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24
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Abstract
The photogeneration of nitric oxide (NO) using laser flash photolysis was investigated for S-nitroso-glutathione (GSNO) and S-nitroso-N-acetylcysteine (NacySNO) at pH 6.4 (PBS/HCl) and 7.4 (PBS). Irradiation of S-nitrosothiol with light (lambda = 355 nm followed by absorption spectroscopy) resulted in the homolytic decomposition of NacySNO and GSNO to generate radicals (GS and NacyS ) and NO. The release of NO from donor compounds measured with an ISO-Nometer apparatus was larger at pH 7.4 than pH 6.4. NacySNO was also incorporated into dipalmitoyl-phosphatidylcholine liposomes in the presence and absence of zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPC), a well-known photosensitizer useful for photodynamic therapy. Liposomes are usually used as carriers for hydrophobic compounds such as ZnPC. Inclusion of ZnPC resulted in a decrease in NO liberation in liposomal medium. However, there was a synergistic action of both photosensitizers and S-nitrosothiols resulting in the formation of other reactive species such as peroxynitrite, which is a potent oxidizing agent. These data show that NO release depends on pH and the medium, as well as on the laser energy applied to the system. Changes in the absorption spectrum were monitored as a function of light exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C G Rotta
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeir o Preto, SP, Brasil
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25
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Turchiello RF, Vena FCB, Maillard P, Souza CS, Bentley MVBL, Tedesco AC. Cubic phase gel as a drug delivery system for topical application of 5-ALA, its ester derivatives and m-THPC in photodynamic therapy (PDT). J Photochem Photobiol B 2003; 70:1-6. [PMID: 12745240 DOI: 10.1016/s1011-1344(03)00022-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The ability of the cubic liquid-crystalline phase to incorporate and control the release of drugs of varying size and polar characteristics makes it an interesting candidate as a drug delivery system. In the present study we investigated a new potential application of the cubic phase (monoolein/water; 70:30, w/w) to deliver pro-drugs and a photosensitizer for topical application in photodynamic therapy (PDT). Therefore the pro-drug 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA, a PpIX precursor), its ester derivatives (hexylester, octylester and decylester), and the chlorine compound meso-tetra(hydroxyphenyl)chlorine (m-THPC) were incorporated into the cubic phase gel of monoolein/water and their physicochemical and spectroscopic properties were investigated at 37 degrees C. Drug stability was monitored for short and long periods of time. 5-ALA and its ester derivatives as non-fluorescent probes had their properties studied after chemical reaction leading to a fluorescent derivative. For all the compounds analyzed in this study the spectroscopic properties were clearly defined with potential photodynamic activity in the gel formulation. We are currently evaluating the potential of monoolein/water as a drug delivery system in the treatment of different cutaneous diseases and other PDT applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- R F Turchiello
- Departamento de Qui;mica, FFCLRP, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. dos Bandeirantes, 3900, 14040-901, SP, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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26
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Gomes AJ, Lunardi CN, Gonzalez S, Tedesco AC. The antioxidant action of Polypodium leucotomos extract and kojic acid: reactions with reactive oxygen species. Braz J Med Biol Res 2001; 34:1487-94. [PMID: 11668361 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2001001100018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Two natural products Polypodium leucotomos extract (PL) and kojic acid (KA) were tested for their ability to scavenge reactive oxygen species (.OH,.O2-, H2O2, 1O2) in phosphate buffer. Hydroxyl radicals were generated by the Fenton reaction, and the rate constants of scavenging were 1.6 x 10(9) M-1 s-1 for KA and 1.0 x 10(9) M-1 s-1 for PL, similar to that of ethanol (1.4 x 10(9) M-1 s-1). With superoxide anions generated by the xanthine/hypoxanthine system, KA and PL (0.2-1.0 mg/ml) inhibited.O2-dependent reduction of nitroblue tetrazolium by up to 30 and 31%, respectively. In the detection of 1O2 by rose bengal irradiation, PL at 1.0 mg/ml quenched singlet oxygen by 43% relative to azide and KA by 36%. The present study demonstrates that PL showed an antioxidant effect, scavenging three of four reactive oxygen species tested here. Unlike KA, PL did not significantly scavenge hydrogen peroxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Gomes
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, 14040-901 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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27
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Ceron PI, Cremonez DC, Bendhack LM, Tedesco AC. The relaxation induced by S-nitroso-glutathione and S-nitroso-N-acetylcysteine in rat aorta is not related to nitric oxide production. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2001; 298:686-94. [PMID: 11454932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023] Open
Abstract
S-nitroso-glutathione (GSNO) and S-nitroso-N-acetylcysteine (NACysNO) are nitrosothiols that release nitric oxide (NO) and mimic the effects of endogenous NO. This study investigated the relaxation induced by GSNO and NACysNO in rat aorta and the relation between relaxation and NO formation. Both compounds at concentrations from 10(-9) M to 10(-4) M relaxed the rat aorta in a concentration-dependent manner. However, NO production depended on the concentration of nitrosothiols present and was detected only above 100 microM GSNO or NACysNO. To determine whether K+ channels are involved in the relaxation induced by nitrosothiols, the contractions were induced with KCl at concentrations of 30, 60, or 90 mM. The concentration-effect curves for the relaxation induced by nitrosothiols were shifted to the right for all the K+ concentrations compared with aortas precontracted with phenylephrine. These results indicate the participation of K+ channels in the relaxation induced by GSNO and NACysNO. A selective inhibitor of soluble guanylyl cyclase, 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one, significantly inhibited the relaxation induced by the nitrosothiols. The relaxation induced by GSNO and NACysNO was inhibited by the K+ channel blockers glibenclamide, selective K(ATP) channels, and apamin, selective for low-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels in rat aorta, but was not inhibited by charybdotoxin, a potent and selective Ca2+-activated K+ channel blocker, or by 4-aminopyridine, a voltage-gated K+ channel blocker. These results indicate that relaxation induced by GSNO and NACysNO is partially due to activation of K(ATP) channels and partially due to activation of low-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels. However, the ability of the nitrosothiol compounds to overcome the inhibitory effect of high extracellular K+ concentrations suggests another mechanism of relaxation contributing to the nitrosothiol response. The most intriguing finding is that relaxation is not related to the NO produced in rat aorta.
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Affiliation(s)
- P I Ceron
- Department of Chemistry of Faculty of Philosophy Science and Letters of Ribeirão Preto (FFCLRP), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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De Rosa FS, Marchetti JM, Thomazini JA, Tedesco AC, Bentley MV. A vehicle for photodynamic therapy of skin cancer: influence of dimethylsulphoxide on 5-aminolevulinic acid in vitro cutaneous permeation and in vivo protoporphyrin IX accumulation determined by confocal microscopy. J Control Release 2000; 65:359-66. [PMID: 10699294 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-3659(99)00213-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Topical application of 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) followed by light irradiation is a new concept of photodynamic therapy (PDT) of skin cancers. 5-ALA is a prodrug that can be converted by the heme biosynthetic pathway into protoporphyrin IX, an effective photosensitizer. In the present work we propose the enhancement of 5-ALA-induced protoporphyrin IX accumulation by dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO) and ethylenediamine-tetraacetic acid disodium salt (EDTA). The presence of 20% DMSO (w/w) in oil-in-water emulsions increased the in vitro permeation of 5-ALA through hairless mouse skin. In vivo studies demonstrated a significant increase in the amount of protoporphyrin IX extracted from healthy hairless mouse skin after 3 h treatment with an oil-in-water emulsion containing 10% 5-ALA (w/w), 3% EDTA (w/w) and 20% DMSO (w/w). By confocal scanning laser microscopy imaging, an observed increase in red fluorescence, at 476 nm excitation and emission detected longer than 590 nm, in skin that had received this treatment, was attributed to protoporphyrin IX accumulation. Although no effect of EDTA on short-term protoporphyrin IX accumulation in skin was detected, this chelator could protect 5-ALA from decomposition during prolonged topical administration. The results obtained indicate that association of 5-ALA, EDTA and 20% DMSO may enhance the delivery of 5-ALA to the skin in the topical PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- F S De Rosa
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas da Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Café s/n, 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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Abstract
Sunlight is part of our everyday life and most people accept it as beneficial to our health. With the advance of our knowledge in cutaneous photochemistry, photobiology and photomedicine over the past four decades, the terrestrial solar radiation has become a concern of dermatologists and is considered to be a major damaging environmental factor for our skin. Most photobiological effects (e.g., sunburn, suntanning, local and systemic immunosuppression, photoaging or dermatoheliosis, skin cancer and precancer, etc.) are attributed to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) and more particularly to UVB radiation (290-320 nm). UVA radiation (320-400 nm) also plays an important role in the induction of erythema by the photosensitized generation of reactive oxygen species (singlet oxygen (1O2), superoxide (O2.-) and hydroxyl radicals (.OH)) that damage DNA and cellular membranes, and promote carcinogenesis and the changes associated with photoaging. Therefore, research efforts have been directed at a better photochemical and photobiological understanding of the so-called sunburn reaction, actinic or solar erythema. To survive the insults of actinic damage, the skin appears to have different intrinsic defensive mechanisms, among which antioxidants (enzymatic and non-enzymatic systems) play a pivotal role. In this paper, we will review the basic aspects of the action of UVR on the skin: a) photochemical reactions resulting from photon absorption by endogenous chromophores; b) the lipid peroxidation phenomenon, and c) intrinsic defensive cutaneous mechanisms (antioxidant systems). The last section will cover the inflammatory response including mediator release after cutaneous UVR exposure and adhesion molecule expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Tedesco
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brasil.
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Kochevar IE, Lambert CR, Lynch MC, Tedesco AC. Comparison of photosensitized plasma membrane damage caused by singlet oxygen and free radicals. Biochim Biophys Acta 1996; 1280:223-30. [PMID: 8639697 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2736(95)00297-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The efficiency and selectivity of photosensitized damage to membrane functions may be influenced strongly by the identity of the initial reactive species formed by the photosensitizer. To test this possibility, a photosensitizer, rose bengal (RB), was used that resides in the plasma membrane and which generates singlet molecular oxygen (1O2*) upon excitation with visible light, and radicals plus 1O2* upon excitation with UV radiation. With this approach, 1O2* and radicals are formed at the same locations in the plasma membrane. The response of three plasma membrane functions, namely, proline transport, membrane potential, and membrane impermeability to charged dye molecules, was assessed. The efficiencies of the responses in the presence and absence of oxygen were compared per photon absorbed by RB at two wavelengths, 355 nm (UV excitation) and 532 nm (visible excitation). The efficiency of oxygen removal before irradiation was assessed by measuring the RB triplet lifetime. The three membrane functions were inhibited more efficiently at 355 nm than at 532 nm in the presence of oxygen indicating that the radicals are more effective at initiating damage to membrane components than 1O2*. The ratio of photosensitized effects at the two wavelengths in the presence of oxygen was the same for two membrane functions but not for the third suggesting that 1O2* and radicals initiate a common mechanistic pathway for damage to some membrane functions but not to others. Removing oxygen reduced the efficiency of 355 nm-induced photosensitization by factors of 1.4 to 7. The sensitivity of the three membrane functions to 1O2*-initiated damage varied over a factor of 50 whereas radical initiated damage only varied by a factor of 15. In summary, these results indicate that radicals and 1O2* formed at the same locations in the plasma membrane vary in their efficiency and specificity for membrane damage but may, in some cases, operate by a common secondary damage mechanism in the presence of oxygen.
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Affiliation(s)
- I E Kochevar
- Wellman Laboratories of Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston 02114, USA.
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Ciancaglini P, Pizauro JM, Curti C, Tedesco AC, Leone FA. Effect of membrane moiety and magnesium ions on the inhibition of matrix-induced alkaline phosphatase by zinc ions. Int J Biochem 1990; 22:747-51. [PMID: 2401375 DOI: 10.1016/0020-711x(90)90010-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
1. The inhibition of matrix-induced alkaline phosphatase by zinc ions is due to the displacement of magnesium ions from its binding site. 2. Binding of magnesium ions to alkaline phosphatase induces conformational changes which activate the enzyme. 3. Binding of zinc ions to alkaline phosphatase induces conformational changes which impair the catalytic action of the enzyme. 4. The inhibition of the enzyme by zinc ions is affected by membrane environment and magnesium ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Ciancaglini
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto-USP, Brasil
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