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Jacob J, Haro A, Tost J, Rossello X, Llorens P, Herrero P, Martín-Sánchez FJ, Gil V, López-Grima ML, Millán J, Aguirre A, Garrido JM, Calvo-Rodríguez R, Pérez-Llantada E, Sánchez-Nicolás JA, Mir M, Rodríguez-Adrada E, Fuentes-De Frutos M, Roset A, Miró Ò. Short-term outcomes by chronic betablocker treatment in patients presenting to emergency departments with acute heart failure: BB-EAHFE. Eur Heart J Acute Cardiovasc Care 2022; 11:761-771. [PMID: 36018216 DOI: 10.1093/ehjacc/zuac100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate the association between chronic treatment with betablockers (BB) and the severity of decompensation and short-term outcomes of patients with acute heart failure (AHF). METHODS AND RESULTS We consecutively included all patients presenting with AHF to 45 Spanish emergency departments (ED) during six different time-periods between 2007 and 2018. Patients were stratified according to whether they were on chronic treatment with BB at the time of ED consultation. Those receiving BB were compared (adjusted odds ratio-OR-with 95% confidence interval-CI-) with those not receiving BB group in terms of in-hospital and 7-day all-cause mortality, need for hospitalization, and prolonged length of stay (≥7 days). Among the 17 923 recruited patients (median age: 80 years; 56% women), 7795 (43%) were on chronic treatment with BB. Based on the MEESSI-AHF risk score, those on BB were at lower risk. In-hospital mortality was observed in 1310 patients (7.4%), 7-day mortality in 765 (4.3%), need for hospitalization in 13 428 (75.0%), and prolonged length of stay (43.3%). After adjustment for confounding, those on chronic BB were at lower risk for in-hospital all-cause mortality (OR = 0.85, 95% CI = 0.79-0.92, P < 0.001); 7-day all-cause mortality (OR = 0.77, 95% CI = 0.70-0.85, P < 0.001); need for hospitalization (OR = 0.89, 95% CI = 0.85-0.94, P < 0.001); prolonged length of stay (OR = 0.90, 95% CI = 0.86-0.94, P < 0.001). A propensity matching approach yielded consistent findings. CONCLUSION In patients presenting to ED with AHF, those on BB had better short-term outcomes than those not receiving BB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Jacob
- Emergency Department, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Institute of Biomedical Research of Bellvitge (IDIBELL), University of Barcelona (UB), Feixa Llarga s/n, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat 08907, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antoni Haro
- Emergency Department, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Institute of Biomedical Research of Bellvitge (IDIBELL), University of Barcelona (UB), Feixa Llarga s/n, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat 08907, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Tost
- Emergency Department, Consorci Hospitalari de Terrassa, 08227 Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Rossello
- Cardiology Department, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Hospital Universitari Son Espases, 07010 Palma, Spain
| | - Pere Llorens
- Emergency Department, Short Stay Unit and Hospital at Home, Hospital General de Alicante, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biómedica de Alicante (ISABIAL), Miguel Hernández University, 03010 Alicante, Spain
| | - Pablo Herrero
- Emergency Department, Hospital Central Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | | | - Víctor Gil
- Emergency Department, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Javier Millán
- Emergency Department, Hospital Universitario La Fe, 46009 Valencia, Spain
| | - Alfons Aguirre
- Emergency Department, Hospital del Mar, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Rafael Calvo-Rodríguez
- Emergency Department, Hospital Reina Sofía de Córdoba, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | | | | | - María Mir
- Emergency Department, Hospital Infanta Leonor, 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Alex Roset
- Emergency Department, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Institute of Biomedical Research of Bellvitge (IDIBELL), University of Barcelona (UB), Feixa Llarga s/n, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat 08907, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Òscar Miró
- Emergency Department, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
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de Evan T, Carro M, Fernández Yepes JE, Haro A, Arbesú L, Romero-Huelva M, Molina-Alcaide E. Feeding mango wastes to dairy goats: effects on diet digestibility, ruminal fermentation, and milk yield and composition. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2022.115252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Lachica M, Rojas-Cano M, Lara L, Haro A, Fernández-Fígares I. Net portal appearance of proteinogenic amino acids in Iberian pigs fed betaine and conjugated linoleic acid supplemented diets. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2021.114825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Palma-Granados P, Lara L, Seiquer I, Lachica M, Fernández-Fígares I, Haro A, Nieto R. Protein retention, growth performance and carcass traits of individually housed immunocastrated male- and female- and surgically castrated male Iberian pigs fed diets of increasing amino acid concentration. Animal 2021; 15:100187. [PMID: 33637438 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2021.100187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunocastration (IC, vaccination against gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH)) is one alternative to surgical castration (SC) for preventing sexual development and boar taint in male pigs. A temporal increase in performance has been described for IC pigs before the second vaccination against GnRH. The objective of this work was to assess the effects of IC on Iberian male and female pigs (fed diets of increasing CP content) on performance, nitrogen retention (NR) and digestibility, and carcass traits. Fifty-four pure Iberian pigs individually housed were allocated to a 3 × 3 factorial arrangement with three sex groups (IC males, IC females and SC males), three diets (153, 137 and 119 g CP/kg DM; 14 MJ metabolisable energy/kg DM) and six pigs per treatment combination. Pigs were vaccinated at 18 weeks of age (40 kg BW) and seven weeks later (70-80 kg BW) and fed at 0.9 × ad libitum on BW basis. Two digestibility and nitrogen balance assays were performed before and after the second vaccination, respectively. Pigs were slaughtered at 105 kg BW. Before the second vaccination, Iberian IC males showed higher growth rate (g/day), feed efficiency, NR (g/day) and efficiency of NR than the other groups (P < 0.001). The NR and efficiency of NR was 40% greater in IC v. SC males (P < 0.001). After the second vaccination, no differences in performance between sex groups were detected (P > 0.05). Growth rate and feed efficiency were higher in IC males than in the other groups for the whole experimental period (from the first vaccination to slaughter; P < 0.001). After the second vaccination, differences among sex groups in NR and the efficiency of NR disappeared (P > 0.05). NR efficiency was 0.177 on average. No significant effects of dietary CP were detected on performance. The NR was greater in pigs fed the 153 CP diet (17 to 37%; P > 0.05). Lean components of carcass (sirloin, loin and butt lean) were greater in IC males than in the other groups (0.001 < P < 0.05). There were no significant sex group×dietary CP interactions. Iberian IC males grew at higher rate, deposited more protein, and more efficiently, than Iberian SC males before the second vaccination against GnRH. Iberian IC females showed similar growth performance to SC males and intermediate protein deposition efficiency between IC and SC males. Despite the higher growth performance, protein deposition rate, and efficiency of protein deposition of IC males v. SC males, no significant differences in amino acid requirements were detected between them.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Palma-Granados
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Animal Nutrition, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Camino del Jueves s/n, 18100 Armilla, Granada, Spain
| | - L Lara
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Animal Nutrition, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Camino del Jueves s/n, 18100 Armilla, Granada, Spain
| | - I Seiquer
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Animal Nutrition, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Camino del Jueves s/n, 18100 Armilla, Granada, Spain
| | - M Lachica
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Animal Nutrition, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Camino del Jueves s/n, 18100 Armilla, Granada, Spain
| | - I Fernández-Fígares
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Animal Nutrition, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Camino del Jueves s/n, 18100 Armilla, Granada, Spain
| | - A Haro
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Animal Nutrition, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Camino del Jueves s/n, 18100 Armilla, Granada, Spain
| | - R Nieto
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Animal Nutrition, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Camino del Jueves s/n, 18100 Armilla, Granada, Spain.
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Alquézar-Arbé A, Piñera P, Jacob J, Martín A, Jiménez S, Llorens P, Martín-Sánchez FJ, Burillo-Putze G, García-Lamberechts EJ, González Del Castillo J, Rizzi M, Agudo Villa T, Haro A, Martín Díaz N, Miró Ò. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on hospital emergency departments: results of a survey of departments in 2020 - the Spanish ENCOVUR study. Emergencias 2020; 32:320-331. [PMID: 33006832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To estimate the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on the organization of Spanish hospital emergency departments (EDs). To explore differences between Spanish autonomous communities or according to hospital size and disease incidence in the area. MATERIAL AND METHODS Survey of the heads of 283 EDs in hospitals belonging to or affiliated with Spain's public health service. Respondents evaluated the pandemic's impact on organization, resources, and staff absence from work in March and April 2020. Assessments were for 15-day periods. Results were analyzed overall and by autonomous community, hospital size, and local population incidence rates. RESULTS A total of 246 (87%) responses were received. The majority of the EDs organized a triage system, first aid, and observation wards; areas specifically for patients suspected of having COVID-19 were newly set apart. The nursing staff was increased in 83% of the EDs (with no subgroup differences), and 59% increased the number of physicians (especially in large hospitals and locations where the COVID-19 incidence was high). Diagnostic tests for the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 were the resource the EDs missed most: 55% reported that tests were scarce often or very often. Other resources reported to be scarce were FPP2 and FPP3 masks (38% of the EDs), waterproof protective gowns (34%), and space (32%). More than 5% of the physicians, nurses, or other emergency staff were on sick leave 20%, 19%, and 16% of the time. These deficiencies were greatest during the last half of March, except for tests, which were most scarce in the first 15 days. Large hospital EDs less often reported that diagnostic tests were unavailable. In areas where the COVID-19 incidence was higher, the EDs reported higher rates of staff on sick leave. Resource scarcity differed markedly by autonomous community and was not always associated with the incidence of COVID-19 in the population. CONCLUSION The COVID-19 pandemic led to organizational changes in EDs. Certain resources became scarce, and marked differences between autonomous communities were detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aitor Alquézar-Arbé
- Servicio de Urgencias, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, España
| | - Pascual Piñera
- Servicio de Urgencias, Hospital General Universitario Reina Sofía, Murcia, España
| | - Javier Jacob
- Servicio de Urgencias, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, España
| | - Alfonso Martín
- Servicio de Urgencias, Hospital Universitario Severo Ochoa, Leganés, Madrid, España
| | - Sònia Jiménez
- Servicio de Urgencias, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, España
| | - Pere Llorens
- Servicio de Urgencias, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Elche, Alicante, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL), España
| | | | | | | | | | - Miguel Rizzi
- Servicio de Urgencias, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, España
| | - Teresa Agudo Villa
- Servicio de Urgencias, Hospital Universitario Severo Ochoa, Leganés, Madrid, España
| | - Antoni Haro
- Servicio de Urgencias, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, España
| | - Natalia Martín Díaz
- Servicio de Urgencias, Hospital General Universitario Reina Sofía, Murcia, España
| | - Òscar Miró
- Servicio de Urgencias, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, España
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Palma Sanchez D, Haro A, Moreno MJ, Peñas E, Mayor M, Moreno M, Linares Ferrando LF. AB1290-HPR UTILITY OF FRAX IN THE RISK DETECTION OF FRACTURE IN SPONDYLOARTHRITIS. Ann Rheum Dis 2020. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.3839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background:Axial spondyloarthritis (SpAax) presents an increased risk of vertebral fracture not fully detected by Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The FRAX algorithms give the 10-year probability of hip fracture and of mayor osteoporotic fracture (clinical spine, forearm, hip or shoulder fracture), taking into account 11 clinical risk factors.Objectives:To analyze the suitability of FRAX to detect the risk of fracture in patients with SpAax. To assess whether the incorporation of SpAax as a clinical risk factor to conventional FRAX provides additional information.Methods:Cross-sectional study in which SpAax patients (ASAS criteria) were included. Clinical-demographic and related to the disease variables were collected. FRIDEX model for Spanish population was used to determine low, intermediate or high risk of mayor fracture by FRAX. These results were compared with those obtained by DXA and trabecular bone score (TBS). In the statistical analysis we used mean and standard deviation (SD) in quantitative variables and frequency in qualitative ones. To compare means among 3 groups, ANOVA test was used.Results:The characteristics of the patients are shown in Table 1. According to FRIDEX, no patient had high risk of fracture and 2.4% had intermediate risk. When SpAax was added as a risk factor, no patient had high risk of fracture and 6.1% presented intermediate risk. According to DXA, 7.3% had high risk of fracture and 41.3% intermediate risk. TBS detected high risk of fracture in 18.3% and intermediate risk also in 18.3% of patients.Table 1.Sociodemographic, clinical and related characteristics with the disease (BMD: bone mineral density, BMI: index of body mass)Gender (Male), n (%)61 (74.4)Age, mean ± SD49.48 ± 12.47BMI, mean ± SD27.13 ± 4.42Smoking, n (%)26 (31.7)Diabetes mellitus, n (%)9 (11)Osteoporotic fracture, n (%)1 (1.2)Disease duration (years), mean ± SD11.77 ± 10syndesmophytes, n (%)38 (46.3)ASDAS-PCR, mean ± SD2.55 ± 1.07Lumbar BMD (g / cm2), mean ± SD1.032 ± 0.180BMD femoral neck (g / cm2), mean ± SD0.816 ± 0.140Lumbar TBS, mean ± SD1.383 ± 0.133Conclusion:FRAX does not seem an adequate tool to detect the risk of fracture in patients with SpAax since it did not improve the results obtained by DXA meanwhile TBS did. The incorporation of SpAax as a clinical risk factor to conventional FRAX did not provide additional information in most casesDisclosure of Interests:None declared
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Marcos CN, Carro MD, Fernández Yepes JE, Haro A, Romero-Huelva M, Molina-Alcaide E. Effects of agroindustrial by-product supplementation on dairy goat milk characteristics, nutrient utilization, ruminal fermentation, and methane production. J Dairy Sci 2019; 103:1472-1483. [PMID: 31759599 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-17386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The use of agroindustrial by-products, such as dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) and dried citrus pulp (DCP), has been widely investigated in dairy cows, but information on their effects in dairy goats is limited. The influence of feeding olive cake (a by-product of olive oil production) to dairy goats has been assessed in some studies, but exhausted olive cake (EOC) has been much less investigated. Twelve Murciano-Granadina goats were used in a crossover design trial with 2 periods to assess the effects of including agroindustrial by-products on nutrient digestibility, ruminal fermentation, methane production, urinary excretion of purine derivatives, and milk yield and composition. In each period, 6 goats received daily a control diet comprising 1 kg of alfalfa hay and 1 kg of high-cereal concentrate, and another 6 goats received a diet (BYP) comprising 1 kg of alfalfa hay and 1 kg of a concentrate including corn DDGS, DCP, and EOC in proportions of 180, 180, and 80 g/kg of concentrate (as-fed basis), respectively. Diet had no effect on total dry matter intake, but intake of alfalfa hay, CP, and fat was greater for the BYP group than for the control group. There were no differences between diets in nutrient apparent digestibility, with the exception of fat, which was greater for the BYP diet compared with the control diet. Although fecal N tended to be greater for the BYP diet, there were no differences in N utilization. Compared with the control diet, milk yield tended to be greater and daily production of milk CP, fat, whey protein, and TS as well as milk gross energy were greater for the BYP diet. The concentration of C12:0, C14:0, and C16:0 fatty acids (FA) was or tended to be lower and the concentration of polyunsaturated FA was greater in the milk of BYP-fed goats compared with goats fed the control diet. Diet had no effect on ruminal parameters (pH, volatile FA, and NH3-N concentrations) and methane emissions, but urinary excretion of total purine derivatives tended to be lower in BYP-fed goats than in those fed the control diet. A mixture of corn DDGS (180 g), DCP (180 g), and EOC (80 g) could replace 44% of cereal grains and protein feeds in the concentrate for dairy goats without compromising nutrient utilization, ruminal fermentation, or milk yield and led to a more unsaturated FA profile in milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- C N Marcos
- Departamento de Producción Agraria, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas (ETSIAAB), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - M D Carro
- Departamento de Producción Agraria, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas (ETSIAAB), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - J E Fernández Yepes
- Estación Experimental del Zaidín (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas), Profesor Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - A Haro
- Estación Experimental del Zaidín (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas), Profesor Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - M Romero-Huelva
- Nutrofar SL, Parque Empresarial Los Llanos, Calle Galicia, nº 270, 41909 Salteras, Spain
| | - E Molina-Alcaide
- Estación Experimental del Zaidín (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas), Profesor Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain.
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Seiquer I, Palma-Granados P, Lachica M, Lara L, Fernández-Fígares I, Haro A, Nieto R. Índices productivos y características de la canal de cerdos Ibéricos inmunocastrados o castrados quirúrgicamente y alimentados con dietas de diferente concentración proteica. Resultados preliminares. ARCH ZOOTEC 2018. [DOI: 10.21071/az.v67isupplement.3582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
La inmunocastración ha resultado una estrategia útil en el cerdo para prevenir el olor sexual en la carne. En trabajos previos se indica que los cerdos inmunocastrados (IC) pueden presentar mejores índices productivos que los castrados quirúrgicamente (SC). Además de las ventajas en bienestar animal que conlleva esta práctica, la mejora en producción puede tener interés en razas como la Ibérica, con capacidad de crecimiento limitada. El objetivo de este estudio ha sido examinar los efectos de la inmunocastración sobre los índices productivos del cerdo Ibérico, el uso de la proteína en la dieta y las características de la canal, en animales alimentados con dietas de diferente concentración proteica. Se utilizaron 27 animales de tres sexos (machos IC, machos SC, y hembras IC) alimentados con 3 dietas isoenergéticas (160, 140 y 120 g PB/kg materia seca), con tres animales por cada combinación de tratamientos. Los animales se vacunaron contra la hormona liberadora de gonadotropina a los 4,3 (40 kg) y 6 meses de edad (70-80 kg). Los tratamientos se ofrecieron a los animales, que permanecieron alojados individualmente, desde los 40 a los 100 kg de peso. Se realizaron ensayos de digestibilidad y balance de N a los 50 y 90 kg de peso. A los 100 kg se sacrificaron los animales. Los resultados preliminares indican que los machos IC tuvieron un ritmo de crecimiento superior (803 vs 706 and 696 g/d, para machos IC, machos SC y hembras IC, respectivamente; P < 0.001) y mejores índices productivos que el resto de grupos (P < 0.01). Los machos IC presentaron mayor longitud de la canal y pesos relativos en la mayoría de los componentes magros de la canal, así como menor peso relativo de canal y panceta que el resto de grupos. No se apreciaron diferencias en los parámetros estudiados debidas a la concentración proteica de la dieta. Necesitamos profundizar en el posible papel que pueda jugar la inmunocastación en el crecimiento magro del cerdo Ibérico en futuros trabajos.
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Palma-Granados P, Haro A, Seiquer I, Lara L, Aguilera JF, Nieto R. Similar effects of lysine deficiency in muscle biochemical characteristics of fatty and lean piglets. J Anim Sci 2017; 95:3025-3036. [PMID: 28727124 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2017.1364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The main objective of this work was to investigate the effects of feeding Lys-deficient diets on muscle biochemical characteristics, particularly intramuscular fat concentration and fatty acid profile, in a fatty (Iberian) and a conventional pig genotype (Landrace × Large White [LDW]) maintained in identical experimental conditions. Performance and plasma metabolite changes were also monitored. Twenty-eight barrows of 10 kg initial BW, 14 of Iberian and 14 of LDW breed, were randomly assigned to each of 2 experimental diets in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement (2 breeds × 2 diets). Seven pigs were allocated to each treatment combination. Diets (isonitrogenous and isoenergetic; 200 g CP/kg DM and 14.7 MJ ME) based on barley, corn, corn gluten meal, and soybean meal, with identical composition, except for their Lys content (10.9 g/kg for the diet adequate in Lys and 5.2 g/kg for the diet deficient in Lys), were assayed. Pigs were housed in individual 2 m pens and fed at 85% of ad libitum intake of the Iberian genotype, of greater intake capacity. Daily feed allowance was based on BW individually measured each week. At 25 kg BW, pigs were slaughtered by exsanguination after electrical stunning. Blood samples were taken and longissimus dorsi and biceps femoris muscles were rapidly dissected and stored frozen prior to analysis. Performance was reduced in both pig breeds when fed Lys-deficient diets, particularly in LDW pigs (breed × diet interaction, < 0.05). Intramuscular fat content increased in longissimus dorsi of Iberian ( < 0.05) and in biceps femoris of both pig genotypes ( < 0.01) when fed Lys-deficient diets. Oleic acid increased ( < 0.05) and PUFA acid decreased ( < 0.01) in longissiumus dorsi and biceps femoris of pigs of both genotypes fed Lys-deficient diets. The proportion of oxidative fibers ( < 0.001) and free carnitine content ( < 0.05) increased in longissimus dorsi of both pigs types fed Lys-deficient diets. Plasma creatinine was greater in LDW pigs compared with Iberian pigs ( < 0.01). Urea and total cholesterol increased in pigs consuming Lys-deficient diets ( < 0.01). The plasma free carnitine concentration was higher in Iberian pigs than in LDW pigs ( < 0.059). No changes in plasma carnitine status due to dietary Lys supply were detected. Feeding Lys-deficient diets could be a suitable strategy for increasing intramuscular fat content in fatty and lean pigs.
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Palma-Granados P, Haro A, Seiquer I, Lara L, Aguilera JF, Nieto R. Similar effects of lysine deficiency in muscle biochemical characteristics of fatty and lean piglets. J Anim Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.2527/jas2017.1364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Coello-Fiallos D, Tene T, Guayllas J, Haro D, Haro A, Vacacela Gomez C. DFT comparison of structural and electronic properties of graphene and germanene: monolayer and bilayer systems. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matpr.2017.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Thiem J, Dawson J, Gleiss A, Martins E, Haro A, Castro-Santos T, Danylchuk A, Wilson R, Cooke S. Accelerometer-derived activity correlates with volitional swimming speed in lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens). CAN J ZOOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2014-0271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Quantifying fine-scale locomotor behaviours associated with different activities is challenging for free-swimming fish. Biologging and biotelemetry tools can help address this problem. An open channel flume was used to generate volitional swimming speed (Us) estimates of cultured lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens Rafinesque, 1817) and these were paired with simultaneously recorded accelerometer-derived metrics of activity obtained from three types of data-storage tags. This study examined whether a predictive relationship could be established between four different activity metrics (tail-beat frequency (TBF), tail-beat acceleration amplitude (TBAA), overall dynamic body acceleration (ODBA), and vectorial dynamic body acceleration (VeDBA)) and the swimming speed of A. fulvescens. Volitional Us of sturgeon ranged from 0.48 to 2.70 m·s−1 (0.51–3.18 body lengths (BL)·s−1). Swimming speed increased linearly with all accelerometer-derived metrics, and when all tag types were combined, Us increased 0.46 BL·s−1 for every 1 Hz increase in TBF, and 0.94, 0.61, and 0.94 BL·s−1 for every 1g increase in TBAA, ODBA, and VeDBA, respectively. Predictive relationships varied among tag types and tag-specific parameter estimates of Us are presented for all metrics. This use of acceleration data-storage tags demonstrated their applicability for the field quantification of sturgeon swimming speed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J.D. Thiem
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - J.W. Dawson
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - A.C. Gleiss
- Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA 909350, USA
| | - E.G. Martins
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - A. Haro
- S.O. Conte Anadromous Fish Research Center, USGS–Leetown Science Center, P.O. Box 796, One Migratory Way, Turners Falls, MA 01376, USA
| | - T. Castro-Santos
- S.O. Conte Anadromous Fish Research Center, USGS–Leetown Science Center, P.O. Box 796, One Migratory Way, Turners Falls, MA 01376, USA
| | - A.J. Danylchuk
- Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003-9485, USA
| | - R.P. Wilson
- Swansea Lab for Animal Movement, Biosciences, College of Science, Swansea University, SA2 8PP Swansea, UK
| | - S.J. Cooke
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
- Institute of Environmental Science, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
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Nieto R, Martínez-Pérez M, Haro A, Lara L, Aguilera JF. Effects of protein intake on rate of growth, protein deposition, and carcass traits of heavy Iberian pigs1. J Anim Sci 2015; 93:3471-82. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2014-8822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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14
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Rodríguez-Martínez F, Moreno-Martínez M, Moreno-Ramos M, Martínez-Ferrín J, Palma D, Oliva M, Peñas E, González R, Uceda A, Lozano N, Soriano E, Moreno-Morales J, Pina M, Haro A, Pagán E, Linares L. AB0802 Use of Caspar and ASAS Classification Criteria for Peripheral Involvement in Patients Diagnosed with Psoriatic Arthritis in the Region of Murcia (Spain). Ann Rheum Dis 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2015-eular.3035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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15
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McCormick SD, Haro A, Lerner DT, O'Dea MF, Regish AM. Migratory patterns of hatchery and stream-reared Atlantic salmon Salmo salar smolts in the Connecticut River, U.S.A. J Fish Biol 2014; 85:1005-1022. [PMID: 25263185 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.12532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The timing of downstream migration and detection rates of hatchery-reared Atlantic salmon Salmo salar smolts and stream-reared smolts (stocked 2 years earlier as fry) were examined in the Connecticut River (U.S.A.) using passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags implanted into fish and then detected at a downstream fish bypass collection facility at Turners Falls, MA (river length 192 km). In two successive years, hatchery-reared smolts were released in mid-April and early May at two sites: the West River (river length 241 km) or the Passumpsic (river length 450 km). Hatchery-reared smolts released higher in the catchment arrived 7 to 14 days later and had significantly lower detection rates than smolts stocked lower in the catchment. Hatchery-reared smolts released 3 weeks apart at the same location were detected downstream at similar times, indicating that early-release smolts had a lower average speed after release and longer residence time. The size and gill Na(+) /K(+) -ATPase (NKA) activity of smolts at the time of release were significantly greater for detected fish (those that survived and migrated) than for those that were not detected. Stream-reared pre-smolts (>11·5 cm) from four tributaries (length 261-551 km) were tagged in autumn and detected during smolt migration the following spring. Stream-reared smolts higher in the catchment arrived later and had significantly lower detection rates. The results indicate that both hatchery and stream-reared smolts from the upper catchment will arrive at the mouth of the river later and experience higher overall mortality than fish from lower reaches, and that both size and gill NKA activity are related to survival during downstream migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- S D McCormick
- USGS, Conte Anadromous Fish Research Center, Turners Falls, MA 01370, U.S.A
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16
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Nieto R, Haro A, Delgado-Andrade C, Seiquer I, Aguilera JF. Dietary protein excess does not influence calcium and phosphorus absorption and retention in Iberian pigs growing from 50 to 100 kg body weight. J Anim Sci 2013; 90 Suppl 4:167-9. [PMID: 23365318 DOI: 10.2527/jas.53857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Effects of apparent total tract digestible dietary protein [expressed as apparent ileal digestible (AID) Lys in parentheses] from excessive to marginally deficient [110 (7.9), 92 (6.6), 73 (5.3) and 54 (3.8) g/kg DM] and feeding level (FL; 0.80 and 0.95 × ad libitum) upon fractional absorption and retention of Ca and P was studied in 48 purebred Iberian barrows from 50 to 100 kg BW to investigate possible detrimental effects of protein over supply on Ca and P metabolism. The diets were prepared by diluting a high-protein diet, formulated according to the ideal protein concept, with a protein-free mixture. The diets provided (per kg DM) 11.6 to 10.7 g Ca, 6.67 to 6.25 g total P, and 13.9 to 14.8 MJ ME. Intake levels with free access to feed were calculated according to individual BW and were adjusted weekly. A digestibility and balance trial was performed at 75 kg BW. The ADFI was 3104 and 2643 g for 0.95 and 0.80 × ad libitum FL. The ADG reached a maximum at 854 g (18.87 g/MJ ME intake) with the diet containing 5.3 g AID Lys/kg DM. Dietary AID Lys content did not alter Ca and P fractional apparent absorption, which attained average values of 0.417 ± 0.0109 and 0.545 ± 0.0106. The Ca and P retention as a fraction of intake remained unaffected at 0.403 ± 0.0114 and 0.403 ± 0.0120. The Ca urinary losses were not elevated by excess of dietary protein supply, remaining at 0.260 ± 0.0212 g/d. High feeding level increased (P < 0.05) the flow of absorbed Ca and P. In conclusion, long-term, high-protein (Lys) intake did not affect Ca intestinal absorption and renal excretion in the pig.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Nieto
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Estación Experimental del Zaidín-CSIC, Camino del Jueves s/n, 18100 Armilla, Granada, Spain.
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Castellano R, Aguinaga M, Nieto R, Aguilera J, Haro A, Seiquer I. Changes in body content of iron, copper and zinc in Iberian suckling piglets under different nutritional managements. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2013.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Haro A, Yano T, Kohno M, Yoshida T, Okamoto T, Maehara Y. EMT-related Brachyury Gene Expression is a Significant Prognostic Factor for Primary Lung Carcinoma. J Surg Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2011.11.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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19
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Pastoriza S, Delgado-Andrade C, Haro A, Rufián-Henares J. A physiologic approach to test the global antioxidant response of foods. The GAR method. Food Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Yano T, Yoshida T, Morodomi Y, Ito K, Haro A, Shikada Y, Maruyama R, Takenoyama M, Maehara Y. Clinicopathologic comparison of resected pulmonary adenocarcinoma according to the EGFR mutation status. J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.15_suppl.e17524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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21
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Seiquer I, Delgado-Andrade C, Haro A, Navarro MP. Assessing the effects of severe heat treatment of milk on calcium bioavailability: in vitro and in vivo studies. J Dairy Sci 2011; 93:5635-43. [PMID: 21094734 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2010-3469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2010] [Accepted: 08/31/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Thermal processing of milk is a common practice. As milk is the main source of dietary calcium, this study aimed to assess the effects of overheating milk on calcium availability. Thus, thermally damaged milk (overheated, OH, milk; 3 cycles of sterilization at 116 °C, 16 min) was compared with UHT milk (150 °C, 6s) in 2 types of assays: in vitro and in vivo (rats). In addition, the greater Maillard reaction rate associated with thermal treatment in OH milk was confirmed by determining specific (furosine) and unspecific markers (CieLab color). A negative effect on calcium solubility was observed after in vitro digestion of OH milk compared with UHT milk. Feeding rats the diet containing OH milk as the protein source led to significantly lower values of apparent calcium absorption and retention than those found among animals fed the UHT milk diet. Whereas reducing the absorption appears to result mainly from the decreased food intake, the negative effect on retention seems to be due to factors derived from milk thermal damage, such as the formation of Maillard reaction products. It was concluded that milk-processing conditions warrant special attention to prevent impaired dietary calcium utilization. This may be especially important in situations where milk and dairy products are the main dietary components, such as in early infancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Seiquer
- Instituto de Nutrición, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, 18100 Armilla, Granada, Spain.
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22
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Yano T, Haro A, Yoshida T, Morodomi Y, Ito K, Shoji F, Maehara Y. Prognostic impact of local treatment against postoperative oligometastases in non-small cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol 2010. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2010.28.15_suppl.e18020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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23
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Abstract
We study numerically the disappearance of normally hyperbolic invariant tori in quasiperiodic systems and identify a scenario for their breakdown. In this scenario, the breakdown happens because two invariant directions of the transversal dynamics come close to each other, losing their regularity. On the other hand, the Lyapunov multipliers associated with the invariant directions remain more or less constant. We identify notable quantitative regularities in this scenario, namely that the minimum angle between the two invariant directions and the Lyapunov multipliers have power law dependence with the parameters. The exponents of the power laws seem to be universal.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Haro
- Departament de Matemàtica Aplicada i Anàlisi, Universitat de Barcelona, 08007 Barcelona, Spain
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24
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Haro A, López-Aliaga I, Lisbona F, Barrionuevo M, Alférez MJ, Campos MS. Beneficial effect of pollen and/or propolis on the metabolism of iron, calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium in rats with nutritional ferropenic anemia. J Agric Food Chem 2000; 48:5715-5722. [PMID: 11087544 DOI: 10.1021/jf000635h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
There has been considerable debate regarding the nutritional benefits of pollen and the propolis produced by bees, although most contributions have lacked scientific soundness. This paper describes the possible beneficial effect of their use in pharmacological products in cases of anemic syndrome. We studied the effect of these two natural products on the digestive utilization of iron, calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium, using control rats and rats with nutritional ferropenic anemia. The addition of these products to the diet produced a positive effect on weight gain; this fact could constitute a scientific basis for the application of pollen and propolis as fortifiers. They improve the digestive utilization of iron and the regeneration efficiency of hemoglobin, especially during recovery from an anemic syndrome. They also have a positive effect on phosphocalcic metabolism and maintain an appropiate level of magnesium metabolism. Furthermore, in iron-deficient rats, these natural products palliate, to a large extent, the adverse effects of iron deficiency on calcium and magnesium metabolism as a result of the improvement in the digestive utilization of these minerals.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Haro
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Granada, E-18071 Granada, Spain
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25
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Abstract
Cannabinoids exert most of their effects through the CB(1) receptor. This G-protein-coupled receptor has been shown to be functionally coupled to inhibition of adenylyl cyclase, modulation of ion channels, and activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase. Using Chinese hamster ovary cells stably transfected with the CB(1) receptor cDNA, we show here that Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the major active component of marijuana, induces the activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). Western blot analysis showed that both JNK-1 and JNK-2 were stimulated by THC. The effect of THC was also exerted by endogenous cannabinoids (anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol) and synthetic cannabinoids (CP-55,940, HU-210, and methanandamide), and was prevented by the selective CB(1) antagonist SR141716. Pertussis toxin, wortmannin, and a Ras farnesyltransferase inhibitor peptide blocked, whereas mastoparan mimicked, the CB(1) receptor-evoked activation of JNK, supporting the involvement of a G(i)/G(o)-protein, phosphoinositide 3'-kinase and Ras. THC-induced JNK stimulation was prevented by tyrphostin AG1296, pointing to the implication of platelet-derived growth factor receptor transactivation, and was independent of ceramide generation. Experiments performed with several types of neural cells that endogenously express the CB(1) receptor suggested that long-term JNK activation may be involved in THC-induced cell death. The CB(1) cannabinoid receptor was also shown to be coupled to the activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. Data indicate that activation of JNK and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase may be responsible for some of the cellular responses elicited by the CB(1) cannabinoid receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Rueda
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, School of Biology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
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26
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Abstract
We describe several mechanisms that prevent equipartition of energy in mechanical systems. In certain regimes, we present a quantitative prediction of the relative abundance of orbits exhibiting these mechanisms. This quantitative prediction is confirmed in numerical experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Haro
- Department of Mathematics, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
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Galve-Roperh I, Sánchez C, Ségui B, Haro A, Díaz-Laviada I, Levade T. Evidence for the lack of involvement of sphingomyelin hydrolysis in the tumor necrosis factor-induced secretion of nerve growth factor in primary astrocyte cultures. J Neurochem 1998; 71:498-505. [PMID: 9681439 DOI: 10.1046/j.1471-4159.1998.71020498.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The signal mechanism underlying tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) up-regulation of nerve growth factor (NGF) production was studied in primary rat astrocyte cultures. Because ceramide is also able to induce NGF secretion and because TNF alpha is a known agonist of the sphingomyelin (SPM)-ceramide pathway, we investigated whether the TNF alpha-induced NGF secretion by primary astrocytes is mediated by ceramide. TNF alpha stimulation of NGF secretion was shown to be independent of protein kinase C, abrogated by the tyrosine phosphoprotein phosphatase inhibitor phenylarsine oxide (PAO), and independent of the activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade. In marked contrast, inhibition of MAPK counteracted the NGF secretion induced by ceramide. TNF alpha stimulation of the nuclear transcription factor NF-kappaB was prevented by cell pretreatment with PAO, whereas ceramide and sphingomyelinase had a marginal effect on NF-kappaB activation. Moreover, TNF alpha failed to activate the SPM pathway, as indicated by the lack of SPM degradation and the absence of ceramide generation. To clarify further the role of NF-kappaB in NGF synthesis, electrophoretic mobility shift assays were performed with an NF-kappaB site from the NGF promoter. The absence of significant binding of NF-kappaB to the NGF gene promoter indicates the existence of an indirect role of NF-kappaB in the regulation of NGF synthesis. Altogether, our data strongly suggest that TNF alpha-mediated up-regulation of NGF occurs independently of ceramide generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Galve-Roperh
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular I, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
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Galve-Roperh I, Haro A, Díaz-Laviada I. Induction of nerve growth factor synthesis by sphingomyelinase and ceramide in primary astrocyte cultures. Brain Res Mol Brain Res 1997; 52:90-7. [PMID: 9450681 DOI: 10.1016/s0169-328x(97)00230-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Astrocytes synthesize nerve growth factor (NGF) in response to pro-inflammatory cytokines. To further study the signaling mechanism involved in this induction of NGF production, the sphingomyelin (SM) pathway was studied. Addition of exogenous neutral SMase (Staphylococcus aureus) or C2-ceramide to primary cultures of newborn rat cortical astrocytes elicited a dose-response increase of NGF synthesis, with maximal effect at 1 U/ml and 25 microM, respectively. Induction of NGF synthesis by SMase and ceramide was shown to be independent of classical PKC activity. Intracellular cAMP-raising agents, such as forskolin and 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine, partially prevented the SMase- and C2-ceramide-induced secretion of NGF to the cell supernatant. PD098059 and apigenin, inhibitors of the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase pathway, produced a dose-response inhibition of the SMase- and C2-cer-induced release of NGF. This observation points to the possibility that regulation of NGF synthesis and secretion by the SMase pathway may be mediated downstream by the MAP kinase cascade. As a matter of fact, pre-treatment of astrocytes with SMase or C8-ceramide led to an increased phosphorylation of raf-1. Moreover, MAP kinase activity was enhanced in astrocytes treated with SMase or both ceramides. In conclusion, results suggest that the SMase pathway may control NGF synthesis in the central nervous system, and raise the possibility of an involvement of the MAP kinase cascade in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Galve-Roperh
- Dpto. Bioquímica y Biología Molecular I, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
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29
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Nieto JL, Diaz-Laviada I, Malpartida JM, Galve-Roperh I, Haro A. Adaptations of the beta-adrenoceptor-adenylyl cyclase system in rat skeletal muscle to endurance physical training. Pflugers Arch 1997; 434:809-14. [PMID: 9306016 DOI: 10.1007/s004240050469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
beta-Adrenergic mechanisms may be important in the adaptation of skeletal muscle to endurance training. beta-Adrenergic signal transduction was examined in the gastrocnemius muscle of rats submitted to a progressive, 12-week treadmill running program and compared with sedentary controls. beta-Adrenoceptor density was significantly lower in exercised rats than in controls. The affinity constant for [125I]-(-) iodocyanopindolol binding was not different among the various groups. Adenosine cyclic monophosphate formation was significantly decreased in trained animals when isoproterenol plus guanosine triphosphate or forskolin plus Mn2+ were used to stimulate adenylyl cyclase. Immunoblot analyses revealed that the amount of the alpha-subunit of stimulatory guanine nucleotide-binding protein (Gs,alpha), both the small and the large isoforms, also decreased with physical exercise. Thus, the present report shows that endurance training results in alterations in beta-adrenergic receptor density, adenylyl cyclase activity and Gs protein level in rat gastrocnemius muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Nieto
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular I, Fac. C.C. Químicas, Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
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30
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Abstract
The present research was undertaken to study the possible involvement of the atypical protein kinase C (PKC) zeta in ceramide signal transduction in primary cultures of rat astrocytes. As shown by Western blot analysis, translocation of immunoreactive PKCzeta to the particulate fraction occurred upon exposure of astrocytes to cell-permeable ceramide analogs or to exogenous sphingomyelinase. The particulate fraction may correspond to a perinuclear area, as indicated by immunocytochemical techniques. Furthermore, treatment of cells with N-octanoylsphingosine led to an increased phosphorylation of PKCzeta. Results thus show that stimulation of PKCzeta may be one of the intracellular events triggered by activation of the sphingomyelin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Galve-Roperh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
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31
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Galve-Roperh I, Malpartida JM, Haro A, Brachet P, Díaz-Laviada I. Regulation of nerve growth factor secretion and mRNA expression by bacterial lipopolysaccharide in primary cultures of rat astrocytes. J Neurosci Res 1997; 49:569-75. [PMID: 9302078 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-4547(19970901)49:5<569::aid-jnr7>3.0.co;2-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The present work was undertaken to study the effect of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a potent activator of the host inflammatory response, on the synthesis of nerve growth factor (NGF) by newborn rat brain astrocytes. Treatment of primary rat astroglial cells cultured in chemically defined medium with LPS resulted in a dose-dependent accumulation of NGF mRNA, and an increased release of NGF protein in the cell medium. NGF mRNA levels were maximal after 24 hr of stimulation (8-fold increase), whereas extracellular NGF peaked after 72 hours of treatment (17-fold increase). This dramatic increase of extracellular NGF was abrogated if cells were treated with actinomycin D or cycloheximide, a fact which implies that the accumulation of extracellular NGF by LPS-treated cells requires DNA transcription and RNA translation. Stimulation of NGF synthesis and secretion was: (i) unaffected by treatment with the protein kinase C inhibitor bisindolylmaleimide, and (ii) prevented by forskolin and 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine, two agents which increase cAMP levels. Inhibition of LPS effect was also obtained with apigenin, a proposed inhibitor of the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. Results thus show that LPS stimulates NGF synthesis by astroglial cells through a mechanism that is independent of protein kinase C (PKC), antagonized by cAMP-elevating agents, and probably mediated by the mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade. The data raise the possibility that LPS exerts stimulatory effects on NGF synthesis that are independent of those elicited by astrocyte-derived inflammatory lymphokines such as IL-1beta, TNF alpha or TGF beta1.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Galve-Roperh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty Biology, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain
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32
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Abstract
Aging has been associated with alterations in protein phosphorylation. This study was undertaken to examine eventual changes in cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) activity and enzyme regulatory subunit levels from the dipterous Ceratitis capitata brain with postmaturational aging and senescence. PKA activity was determined in cytosolic and membrane fractions of the C. capitata brain during the adult stage of the insect lifespan. PKA activity markedly increased at the first stages of the life of the fly both in cytosol and in membranes. A lower peak of PKA activity was evident both in particulate and cytosolic fractions in the terminal phase of the life of the fly. Thus, PKA activity was significantly higher in the brain of mature flies when compared to the brain of aged flies. It is possible that increases in cAMP-dependent protein phosphorylation levels characterize the terminal aging process in the insect nervous tissue. On the other hand, levels of regulatory (R) subunit were also measured in membranes and cytosol by immunoblotting. Cytosolic regulatory subunit levels were more elevated near the terminal phase of life, whereas in membranes, regulatory subunit levels decrease in senescence in parallel with particulate PKA activity. The increased R subunit level in cytosol may reflect a cellular response mechanisms to down-regulate the kinase system in aged flies.
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Affiliation(s)
- I D Laviada
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular I, Fac. Químicas, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
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Galve-Roperh I, Malpartida JM, García-Barreno P, Haro A, Laviada ID. Levels and activity of brain protein kinase C alpha and zeta during the aging of the medfly. Mech Ageing Dev 1996; 92:21-9. [PMID: 9032752 DOI: 10.1016/s0047-6374(96)01799-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Brain protein kinase C (PKC) activity, as well as PKC alpha and PKC zeta levels detected by immunoblotting, were monitored during the lifespan of the Mediterranean fruit-fly Ceratitis capitata. PKC activity increased in the particulate fraction during the last stages of the life of C. capitata. Immunoblotting studies with an anti-PKC alpha antibody also demonstrated increased enzyme levels in the particulate fraction. Cytosolic levels of PKC zeta decreased in the terminal phase of the lifespan of the fly, whereas levels of membrane-bound PKC zeta increased at that stage. Results thus indicate that during C. capitata final phase of life a translocation of PKC alpha and PKC zeta to the particulate fraction occurs, and therefore both kinases could be involved in the terminal process of this fruit-fly.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Galve-Roperh
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biologia Molecular I, Fac. Químicas, Universidad Complutense, Ciudad Universitaria, Madrid, Spain
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Galve-Roperh I, Malpartida JM, Haro A, Diaz-Laviada I. Addition of phosphatidylcholine-phospholipase C induces cellular redistribution and phosphorylation of protein kinase C zeta in C 6 glial cells. Neurosci Lett 1996; 219:68-70. [PMID: 8961306 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3940(96)13165-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Phosphatidylcholine breakdown has been shown to play a critical role in signal transduction involving generation of a number of second messengers [Exton, J.H., Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1212 (1994) 26-42]. In the present report we demonstrate by immunofluorescence that short-treatment of C 6 glial cells with phosphatidylcholine-hydrolyzing phospholipase C (PC-PLC), changes the intracellular localization of protein kinase C (PKC) zeta from the cytoplasm to a perinuclear region. Western blot analysis also showed a redistribution of PKC zeta after incubation of cells with PC-PLC. To test whether these changes were accompanied by an activation of the enzyme, we measured the extent of phosphorylation of PKC zeta by immunoprecipitation from 32P-labelled cells. Short-treatment with PC-PLC resulted in enhanced phosphorylation of the higher Mr PKC zeta in C 6 glial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Galve-Roperh
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular I, Facultad de Químicas, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
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Abstract
The adaptive response to endurance exercise of the catecholamine- and glucagon-sensitive adenylyl cyclase system was studied in rat liver plasma membranes. Endurance exercise enhanced adenylyl cyclase system activation by cellular agonists (glucagon, isoproterenol), by stimulators of the enzyme catalytic subunit (forskolin, Mn2+), and by Gs-protein activators (GppNHp, fluoride). In addition, endurance exercise increased the levels of G50, Gi alpha, and G beta subunits. These results show that the adenylyl cyclase system becomes sensitized in response to physical training.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Nieto
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular I, Facultad de CC. Químicas, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
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Nieto JL, Laviada ID, Guillén A, Haro A. Adenylyl cyclase system is affected differently by endurance physical training in heart and adipose tissue. Biochem Pharmacol 1996; 51:1321-9. [PMID: 8787548 DOI: 10.1016/0006-2952(96)00040-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Adaptive changes in the beta-adrenergic adenylyl cyclase (AC) system in response to endurance training were studied in heart and adipose tissue. Training was performed by making male Wistar rats run on a motor-driven treadmill. The changes following exercise training were opposite in the two tissue studied. The density of beta-adrenergic receptors in left ventricular membranes of trained rats showed a marked decrease. Comparison of AC activities in cardiac membranes prepared from trained and sedentary rats revealed a depressing effect of endurance training on: 1. the beta-adrenergic stimulatory pathway and the inhibition of AC via receptor; 2. the Gs component and the Gs-adenylyl cyclase coupling, as shown by the response of adenylyl cyclase to GppNHp and NaF; and 3. the enzyme catalytic activity in the presence of Mn2+ or forskolin. The levels of Gsalpha subunits in the left ventricle, as measured in terms of ADP-ribosylated and immunologically reactive proteins, were decreased by endurance exercise, whereas immunodetectable levels of Gialpha2 increased in the membranes of trained myocardium. In contrast to the diminished sensitivity that characterizes the behavior of the cardiac beta-adrenergic-AC system, endurance physical training increased sensitivity of this signal transduction system in adipose tissue. Thus, the density of beta-ARs as well as AC activity and the beta-adrenergic stimulatory pathway were increased in adipose membranes of trained rats compared with the corresponding sedentary controls. In addition, the levels of Gsalpha subunits were higher in the adipose plasma membranes of trained rats. However, immunodetectable levels of Gi1alpha and Gi3alpha increased with training, whereas the amount of Gi2alpha decreased in membranes of trained rats. In conclusion, the present study shows that chronic exercise is associated with a tissue-specific adaptation of the beta-adrenergic AC system.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Nieto
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular I. Fac. Químicas. UCM.Ciudad Universitaria, Spain
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Brazil GM, Kenefick L, Callanan M, Haro A, de Lorenzo V, Dowling DN, O'Gara F. Construction of a rhizosphere pseudomonad with potential to degrade polychlorinated biphenyls and detection of bph gene expression in the rhizosphere. Appl Environ Microbiol 1995; 61:1946-52. [PMID: 7646029 PMCID: PMC167456 DOI: 10.1128/aem.61.5.1946-1952.1995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The genetically engineered transposon TnPCB, contains genes (bph) encoding the biphenyl degradative pathway. TnPCB was stably inserted into the chromosome of two different rhizosphere pseudomonads. One genetically modified strain, Pseudomonas fluorescens F113pcb, was characterized in detail and found to be unaltered in important parameters such as growth rate and production of secondary metabolites. The expression of the heterologous bph genes in F113pcb was confirmed by the ability of the genetically modified microorganism to utilize biphenyl as a sole carbon source. The introduced trait remained stable in laboratory experiments, and no bph-negative isolates were found after extensive subculture in nonselective media. The bph trait was also stable in nonselective rhizosphere microcosms. Rhizosphere competence of the modified F113pcb was assessed in colonization experiments in nonsterile soil microcosms on sugar beet seedling roots. F113pcb was able to colonize as efficiently as a marked wild-type strain, and no decrease in competitiveness was observed. In situ expression of the bph genes in F113pcb was found when F113pcb bearing a bph'lacZ reporter fusion was inoculated onto sugar beet seeds. This indicates that the bph gene products may also be present under in situ conditions. These experiments demonstrated that rhizosphere-adapted microbes can be genetically manipulated to metabolize novel compounds without affecting their ecological competence. Expression of the introduced genes can be detected in the rhizosphere, indicating considerable potential for the manipulation of the rhizosphere as a self-sustaining biofilm for the bioremediation of pollutants in soil. Rhizosphere bacteria such as fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. are ecologically adapted to colonize and compete in the rhizosphere environment. Expanding the metabolic functions of such pseudomonads to degrade pollutants may prove to be a useful strategy for bioremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- G M Brazil
- Department of Microbiology, University College, Cork, Ireland
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Pérez-Baun JC, Galve I, Ruiz-Verdú A, Haro A, Guillén A. Octopamine-sensitive adenylyl cyclase and G proteins in Ceratitis capitata brain during aging. Neuropharmacology 1994; 33:641-6. [PMID: 7936099 DOI: 10.1016/0028-3908(94)90169-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The loss of the ability in signalling transduction constitutes an attractive hypothesis to explain the age-related loss of functions in the nervous system. In this paper we have examined adenylyl cyclase and G proteins in Ceratitis capitata brain during aging. The intermediate level of complexity of the Mediterranean fruit fly and its short lifespan make it a particularly interesting system for aging studies. Adenylyl cyclase basal activity decreased in the course of aging. By contrast, neither guanine nucleotide-induced activation of adenylyl cyclase nor Gs protein levels were modified. However, adenylyl cyclase activation by octopamine, which is a major neurotransmitter, neuromodulator and neurohormone in insects, was lost during aging. This observation correlated with a decrease in octopamine binding to brain plasma membranes that was due to a decrease in both receptor affinity and binding sites. On the other hand, we observed an increase in the expression of C. capitata Go protein with age, as revealed by pertussis toxin-catalysed ADP-ribosylation and immunoblotting experiments, that was not correlated with an increase in beta subunit levels. This report constitutes the first direct evidence for the participation of a Go protein in aging in the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Pérez-Baun
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
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Nieto JL, Díaz-Laviada I, Guillén A, García-Barreno P, Haro A. Cardiac beta-adrenoceptors, G-proteins and adenylate cyclase regulation during myocardial hypertrophy. Cell Signal 1993; 5:169-79. [PMID: 8388701 DOI: 10.1016/0898-6568(93)90068-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The role of the beta-adrenoceptor-G-protein-adenylate cyclase system in the pathogenesis of cardiac hypertrophy was studied. We have used a minipig model of pressure-overload cardiac hypertrophy secondary to aortic banding. Four groups of five animals were used: minipigs made hypertrophic were evaluated 2 months (CH2 group) and 9 months (CH9 group) later and compared to controls (C2 and C9 groups, respectively). A decrease in beta-adrenergic receptor density and an increase in antagonist affinity were shown in left ventricular membranes of hypertrophied animals compared with controls. In both groups, CH2 and CH9, an increase in EC50 for isoproterenol-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity, an increase in forskolin-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity and a diminished inhibition by carbachol of isoproterenol-stimulated adenylate cyclase were observed. In contrast, fluoride-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity was markedly increased only in the end stage of hypertrophy. alpha s-cholera toxin-catalysed ADP-ribosylation is increased in early hypertrophy and then decreases with late hypertrophy and a similar pattern is observed with alpha o pertussis toxin-catalysed ADP-ribosylation, whereas alpha i-ADP-ribosylation remains unchanged. Tissue content of Gs-, Gi- and Go-proteins, as assessed by specific antibodies, was found unchanged in CH9 and CH2 groups when compared with that in C9 and C2 control groups, respectively. Modifications in Gs functional activity in later hypertrophic stages, expressed as alterations in cholera toxin ADP-ribosylation and adenylate cyclase fluoride responsiveness, may be important in the pathogenesis of decompensation from compensated hypertrophy to cardiac failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Nieto
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
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Guillén A, Homburger V, Pérez-Baun JC, Haro A. Differential effects of fluoride and a non-hydrolysable GTP analogue on adenylate cyclase and G-proteins in Ceratitis capitata neural tissue. Cell Signal 1993; 5:81-8. [PMID: 8452756 DOI: 10.1016/0898-6568(93)90010-j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
We have examined the effects of fluoride on guanine nucleotide-binding regulatory proteins (G-proteins) in neural membranes from the dipterous Ceratitis capitata. Fluoride effects on the Gs-protein were monitored by determining adenylate cyclase activity and cholera toxin-catalysed ADP-ribosylation whereas those on the G(o)-protein were studied by measuring ADP-ribosylation with pertussis toxin. Data are discussed in relation to the effects of a non-hydrolysable GTP analogue. G-protein activation carried out by fluoride seems not to mimic, at least in insects, activation by non-hydrolysable GTP analogues, in opposition to that proposed for transducin, the G-protein of the mammalian visual system, and other G-proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Guillén
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
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Abstract
Adenylate cyclase activation by GTP and octopamine as well as basal activity (in the presence of Mg2+) have been studied as a function of membrane structure in plasma membranes from brain of the dipterous Ceratitis capitata. Benzyl alcohol and lidocaine, but not phenobarbital, inhibited the three activities to the same extent. Triton X-100-solubilized adenylate cyclase was also inhibited by benzyl alcohol and lidocaine, but not by phenobarbital. Results could be explained by an effect on the catalytic unit lipid environment, which would be maintained after solubilization, counteracting the effect of these drugs to facilitate lateral diffusion and coupling of adenylate cyclase components in the lipid bilayer. The observation that the insect adenylate cyclase is relatively insensitive to changes in bulk bilayer fluidity is strengthened by the absence of effect of phenobarbital on enzyme activities. Indeed, this compound was as active as lidocaine or benzyl alcohol in increasing bulk membrane fluidity. The response of C. capitata adenylate cyclase to changes in membrane fluidity is different from that recorded in mammalian systems. This may be functionally important and result from the fact that insects are not warm-blooded.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Guillen
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
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Diaz-Laviada I, Larrodera P, Nieto JL, Cornet ME, Diaz-Meco MT, Sanchez MJ, Guddal PH, Johansen T, Haro A, Moscat J. Mechanism of inhibition of adenylate cyclase by phospholipase C-catalyzed hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine. Involvement of a pertussis toxin-sensitive G protein and protein kinase C. J Biol Chem 1991; 266:1170-6. [PMID: 1845988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The phospholipase C-mediated hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine has been shown recently to be activated by a number of agonists. Muscarinic receptors, which trigger various signal transduction mechanisms including inhibition of adenylate cyclase through Gi, have been shown to be potent stimulants of this novel phospholipid degradative pathway. We demonstrate here, by exogenous addition of Bacillus cereus phosphatidylcholine-hydrolyzing phospholipase C, that phosphatidylcholine breakdown mimics the ability of carbachol to inhibit adenylate cyclase. This effect is sensitive to pertussis toxin and is entirely dependent on the presence of protein kinase C. This kinase is also required for the inhibition by carbachol of adenylate cyclase. These results suggest that the activation of phosphatidylcholine breakdown by phospholipase C may play an important role linking or favoring the coupling muscarinic receptors to Gi. Results presented here also show that phospholipase C-mediated hydrolysis of phosphoinositides by exogenous addition of Bacillus thuringiensis phosphoinositide-hydrolyzing phospholipase C does not affect adenylate cyclase, despite the fact that protein kinase C is translocated to an extent similar to that produced by the hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine. According to the results shown here, both phospholipases also differ in their ability to down-regulate protein kinase C as well as to phosphorylate p80 and to transmodulate the binding of epidermal growth factor, two well established effects of protein kinase C in Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts. This emphasizes the complexity, from a functional point of view, of protein kinase C activation "in vivo."
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Affiliation(s)
- I Diaz-Laviada
- Medicina y Cirugía Experimental, Hospital General Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
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Diaz-Laviada I, Larrodera P, Nieto JL, Cornet ME, Diaz-Meco MT, Sanchez MJ, Guddal PH, Johansen T, Haro A, Moscat J. Mechanism of inhibition of adenylate cyclase by phospholipase C-catalyzed hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine. Involvement of a pertussis toxin-sensitive G protein and protein kinase C. J Biol Chem 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)35298-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Guillén A, Haro A, Municio AM. A possible new class of octopamine receptors coupled to adenylate cyclase in the brain of the dipterous Ceratitis capitata. Pharmacological characterization and regulation of 3H-octopamine binding. Life Sci 1989; 45:655-62. [PMID: 2505008 DOI: 10.1016/0024-3205(89)90052-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Octopamine exerts its effects in insects through interaction with at least two classes of receptors, designated octopamine-1 and octopamine-2. Octopamine-2 receptors are positively coupled to adenylate cyclase, while octopamine-1 receptors are not coupled to this enzyme system. Ceratitis capitata brain appears to have octopamine receptors as unique aminergic receptors coupled to adenylate cyclase. These receptors show some pharmacological analogies with respect to octopamine-2 receptors, however they should constitute a new class of octopamine receptors. C. capitata brain octopamine receptors have also been characterized by [3H]octopamine-binding studies, exhibiting similar regulatory mechanisms to other receptors coupled to adenylate cyclase activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Guillén
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
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Guillen A, Haro A, Municio AM. Regulation by forskolin of octopamine-stimulated adenylate cyclase from brain of the dipterous Ceratitis capitata. Arch Biochem Biophys 1987; 254:234-40. [PMID: 3107470 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(87)90099-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Forskolin, a diterpene that exerts several pharmacological effects, activates adenylate cyclase in brain and in some other mammalian tissues. Properties of forskolin activation of adenylate cyclase from central nervous system of the dipterous Ceratitis capitata are described. The interaction of forskolin with the insect adenylate cyclase system was studied by evaluating its effect on metal-ATP kinetics, protection against thermal inactivation, membrane fluidity and enzyme modulation by fluoride, guanine nucleotides, octopamine, and ADP-ribosylation by cholera toxin. The diterpene stimulated basal enzyme activity both in membranes and Triton X-100-solubilized preparations, apparently devoid of functional regulatory unit, this effect being rapidly reversed by washing the membranes. An increase of Vmax accounts for the activation of soluble and membrane adenylate cyclase preparations by forskolin, whereas the affinity of the enzyme for the substrate was not affected. Forskolin apparently protects the membrane enzyme from thermal inactivation, and at concentrations that promote the enzyme activity the diterpene does not alter membrane microviscosity. Forskolin does not appear to alter the sensitivity of insect adenylate cyclase to sodium fluoride, guanine nucleotide, or regulatory subunit ADP ribosylated by cholera toxin, the combined effect of these factors with the diterpene resulting in a nearly additive enzymatic activation. However, forskolin blocks the octopamine stimulatory input. Results obtained with the insect adenylate cyclase system are discussed and compared to what is known about mammalian systems to propose a mechanism of enzyme activation by forskolin.
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Guillén A, Haro A, Municio AM. Regulatory mechanisms of fatty acid isomers on adenylate cyclase activity from Ceratitis capitata brain. Mol Cell Biochem 1984; 65:83-8. [PMID: 6521731 DOI: 10.1007/bf00226022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The regulatory properties of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids on membrane-bound preparations of adenylate cyclase from Ceratitis capitata brains have been investigated. Saturated long-chain fatty acids do not exhibit any significant modification of the enzyme activity of the enzyme preparations but the presence of one, two or three double bonds in the 18C chain provokes an inhibitory effect. Binding of oleate and linoleate to the membrane enzyme preparation is non-specific and simply stoichiometric in the range of concentrations examined. Studies of cis and trans isomers of the double-bond isomers, 18:1(n-9) and 18:1(n-11), reveal the higher inhibitory effect of the cis isomers on membrane-bound adenylate cyclase of the insect brain. The inhibitory effect of cis-vaccinate in the basal conditions of the enzyme assay is identical to the effects obtained in the presence of GTP and octopamine. Insect membrane preparations were labeled with 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene as fluorescent probe and treated with cis and trans 18:1(n-9) and 18:1(n-11). The fluorescence polarization parameter was measured, from which the microviscosity of the preparations was calculated; microviscosity of the membranes treated with both cis isomers decreased in a clear extent whereas it is not influenced by the trans isomers.
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Abstract
Among the components of the two cyclic nucleotide system of Ceratitis capitata pharate adults, two cAMP-dependent protein kinase activities have been identified and purified through a sequence of chromatographic procedures. The properties of both protein kinases, A-1 and A-2, were studied and characterized in comparison with those of other sources. Protein kinase A-2 from Ceratitis capitata corresponds to type I from mammals mainly concerning about the dissociating effect of histones. Protein kinase A-2 exhibited a molecular weight of 39,000 in the presence of cAMP, whereas in the absence of the cyclic nucleotide two components of 80,000 and 159,000 were present and attributed to the forms RC and R2C2, respectively. Protein kinase activities A-1 and A-2 were markedly inhibited by increasing ionic strength whereas the activity (-cAMP/+cAMP) ratio for protein kinase A-2 increased versus NaCl concentration. Histones H1 and H2B were the best substrates for both A-1 and A-2 activities; the high mobility group of insect proteins (HMG) were also notably phosphorylated by A-2 preparation. Among the cyclic nucleotides assayed for the protein kinase activity A-2, cAMP induced a high activation at the lowest concentrations although high cAMP concentrations decreased the protein kinase activity, possibly through binding to the catalytic site. The protein kinase A-2 preparations exhibited a complex kinetics due to the presence of two forms with different affinity for ATP; these forms may be related to the aggregation properties of the enzyme.
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Haro A, Garcia J, Municio A. Purification and properties of a cGMP-dependent protein kinase from Ceratitis capitata pharate adults. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1983. [DOI: 10.1016/0305-0491(83)90204-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Garcia JL, Guillén A, Haro A, Municio AM. Effect of proteolytic and lipolytic enzymes on the adenylate cyclase activity from brain membranes of Ceratitis capitata. Comp Biochem Physiol B 1982; 73:751-756. [PMID: 6759015 DOI: 10.1016/0305-0491(82)90313-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
1. The effect of various proteolytic enzymes was assayed on the adenylate cyclase activity in purified brain membrane preparations from the insect Ceratitis capitata. Trypsin, chymotrypsin, papain, thermolysin, elastase, subtilisin and prot. XIV were examined. 2. Trypsin treatment, at 37 degrees C, decreased the adenylate cyclase activity even in the presence of GppNHp that protects the activity from the thermal inactivation. 3. Residual basal, GppNHp- and F(-)-stimulated activities were similar when membrane preparations were preincubated either in the presence or in the absence of GppNHp and F-. 4. All proteolytic activities assayed on the brain membrane preparations, excepting papain, exerted an inhibition of adenylate cyclase in basal conditions. 5. The inhibition was stronger in the presence of F- than in the presence of other regulators. 6. Papain showed also a notable inhibition of adenylate cyclase in the presence of F-. 7. Phospholipase A2 treatment decreased both basal and stimulated activity; however, F(-)-sensitive activity was less affected than basal and GppNHp-sensitive activity. F(-)-stimulated activity was less affected by phospholipase A2 than either basal or GppNHp-stimulated activities. 8. Phospholipids are, then, essential for the highest basal activity, although the relationship between catalytic and nucleotide-regulatory components was unaffected by this treatment.
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