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Equestre M, Marcantonio C, Marascio N, Centofanti F, Martina A, Simeoni M, Suffredini E, La Rosa G, Bonanno Ferraro G, Mancini P, Veneri C, Matera G, Quirino A, Costantino A, Taffon S, Tritarelli E, Campanella C, Pisani G, Nisini R, Spada E, Verde P, Ciccaglione AR, Bruni R. Characterization of SARS-CoV-2 Variants in Military and Civilian Personnel of an Air Force Airport during Three Pandemic Waves in Italy. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2711. [PMID: 38004723 PMCID: PMC10672769 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11112711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated SARS-CoV-2 variants circulating, from November 2020 to March 2022, among military and civilian personnel at an Air Force airport in Italy in order to classify viral isolates in a potential hotspot for virus spread. Positive samples were subjected to Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) of the whole viral genome and Sanger sequencing of the spike coding region. Phylogenetic analysis classified viral isolates and traced their evolutionary relationships. Clusters were identified using 70% cut-off. Sequencing methods yielded comparable results in terms of variant classification. In 2020 and 2021, we identified several variants, including B.1.258 (4/67), B.1.177 (9/67), Alpha (B.1.1.7, 9/67), Gamma (P.1.1, 4/67), and Delta (4/67). In 2022, only Omicron and its sub-lineage variants were observed (37/67). SARS-CoV-2 isolates were screened to detect naturally occurring resistance in genomic regions, the target of new therapies, comparing them to the Wuhan Hu-1 reference strain. Interestingly, 2/30 non-Omicron isolates carried the G15S 3CLpro substitution responsible for reduced susceptibility to protease inhibitors. On the other hand, Omicron isolates carried unusual substitutions A1803V, D1809N, and A949T on PLpro, and the D216N on 3CLpro. Finally, the P323L substitution on RdRp coding regions was not associated with the mutational pattern related to polymerase inhibitor resistance. This study highlights the importance of continuous genomic surveillance to monitor SARS-CoV-2 evolution in the general population, as well as in restricted communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Equestre
- Department of Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Cinzia Marcantonio
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (C.M.); (F.C.); (A.C.); (S.T.); (E.T.); (R.N.); (E.S.); (A.R.C.); (R.B.)
| | - Nadia Marascio
- Clinical Microbiology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, “Magna Grecia” University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (G.M.); (A.Q.)
| | - Federica Centofanti
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (C.M.); (F.C.); (A.C.); (S.T.); (E.T.); (R.N.); (E.S.); (A.R.C.); (R.B.)
| | - Antonio Martina
- Center for Immunobiologicals Research and Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (A.M.); (M.S.); (G.P.)
| | - Matteo Simeoni
- Center for Immunobiologicals Research and Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (A.M.); (M.S.); (G.P.)
| | - Elisabetta Suffredini
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Giuseppina La Rosa
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (G.L.R.); (G.B.F.); (P.M.); (C.V.)
| | - Giusy Bonanno Ferraro
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (G.L.R.); (G.B.F.); (P.M.); (C.V.)
| | - Pamela Mancini
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (G.L.R.); (G.B.F.); (P.M.); (C.V.)
| | - Carolina Veneri
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (G.L.R.); (G.B.F.); (P.M.); (C.V.)
| | - Giovanni Matera
- Clinical Microbiology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, “Magna Grecia” University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (G.M.); (A.Q.)
| | - Angela Quirino
- Clinical Microbiology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, “Magna Grecia” University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (G.M.); (A.Q.)
| | - Angela Costantino
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (C.M.); (F.C.); (A.C.); (S.T.); (E.T.); (R.N.); (E.S.); (A.R.C.); (R.B.)
| | - Stefania Taffon
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (C.M.); (F.C.); (A.C.); (S.T.); (E.T.); (R.N.); (E.S.); (A.R.C.); (R.B.)
| | - Elena Tritarelli
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (C.M.); (F.C.); (A.C.); (S.T.); (E.T.); (R.N.); (E.S.); (A.R.C.); (R.B.)
| | - Carmelo Campanella
- Clinical Analysis and Molecular Biology Laboratory Rome, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Giulio Pisani
- Center for Immunobiologicals Research and Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (A.M.); (M.S.); (G.P.)
| | - Roberto Nisini
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (C.M.); (F.C.); (A.C.); (S.T.); (E.T.); (R.N.); (E.S.); (A.R.C.); (R.B.)
| | - Enea Spada
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (C.M.); (F.C.); (A.C.); (S.T.); (E.T.); (R.N.); (E.S.); (A.R.C.); (R.B.)
| | - Paola Verde
- Aerospace Medicine Department, Aerospace Test Division, Militay Airport Mario De Bernardi, Pratica di Mare, 00040 Rome, Italy;
| | - Anna Rita Ciccaglione
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (C.M.); (F.C.); (A.C.); (S.T.); (E.T.); (R.N.); (E.S.); (A.R.C.); (R.B.)
| | - Roberto Bruni
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (C.M.); (F.C.); (A.C.); (S.T.); (E.T.); (R.N.); (E.S.); (A.R.C.); (R.B.)
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Lo Presti A, Ceccarelli F, Dorrucci M, Farchi F, Pirone C, Garufi C, Valdarchi C, Spinelli FR, Alessandri C, Chionne P, Madonna E, Pisani G, Martina A, Simeoni M, Bruni R, Ciccozzi M, Iaiani G, Ciccaglione AR, Spada E, Conti F. Hepatitis B and C virus infection in patients with Systemic and Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus. New Microbiol 2022; 45:296-303. [PMID: 36538293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by a multifactorial etiology. The primary aim of this study was to estimate HCV and HBV infection prevalence in a cohort of SLE and Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus (CLE). We assessed the frequency of these infections in our cohort and the possible associations with disease clinical/laboratory features and disease activity status. The prevalence of chronic HBV infection was 2.2% in the CLE group, while no HBsAg positive patients were identified in the SLE group. Conversely, the prevalence of anti-HCV positive was 2.2% in the SLE group while no anti-HCV positive patients were identified in the CLE group. We found no significant association between anti-HBc positive status and clinical manifestations or disease activity status in either group of patients. Hemodialysis resulted significantly associated with anti-HBc positivity in SLE. In the present study, we found HBsAg positivity in CLE patients but not in the Systemic form (SLE); conversely, a similar prevalence of anti-HBc antibodies in both groups was observed. A possible protective role exerted by SLE in HBV infection may be hypothesized. A higher frequency of HCV infection in SLE compared to CLE suggests a possible involvement of HCV in some SLE-related clinical and immunological features.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fulvia Ceccarelli
- Lupus Clinic, Rheumatology, Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche, Internistiche, Anestesiologiche e Cardiovascolari, Sapienza Università di Roma, Italy
| | - Maria Dorrucci
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Farchi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Carmelo Pirone
- Lupus Clinic, Rheumatology, Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche, Internistiche, Anestesiologiche e Cardiovascolari, Sapienza Università di Roma, Italy
| | - Cristina Garufi
- Lupus Clinic, Rheumatology, Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche, Internistiche, Anestesiologiche e Cardiovascolari, Sapienza Università di Roma, Italy
| | - Catia Valdarchi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Romana Spinelli
- Lupus Clinic, Rheumatology, Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche, Internistiche, Anestesiologiche e Cardiovascolari, Sapienza Università di Roma, Italy
| | - Cristiano Alessandri
- Lupus Clinic, Rheumatology, Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche, Internistiche, Anestesiologiche e Cardiovascolari, Sapienza Università di Roma, Italy
| | - Paola Chionne
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Madonna
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulio Pisani
- Center for Immunobiological Research and Evaluation, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Martina
- Center for Immunobiological Research and Evaluation, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Simeoni
- Center for Immunobiological Research and Evaluation, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Bruni
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Ciccozzi
- Unit of Medical Statistics and Molecular Epidemiology, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Iaiani
- Department of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Aou Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Enea Spada
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Conti
- Lupus Clinic, Rheumatology, Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche, Internistiche, Anestesiologiche e Cardiovascolari, Sapienza Università di Roma, Italy
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Villano U, Mataj E, Dorrucci M, Farchi F, Pirone C, Valdarchi C, Equestre M, Madonna E, Bruni R, Pisani G, Martina A, Simeoni M, Iaiani G, Ciccozzi M, Ciccaglione AR, Conti F, Ceccarelli F, Lo Presti A. Molecular Characterization of Hepatitis B Virus Infection in a Patient with Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12112866. [PMID: 36428926 PMCID: PMC9689093 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12112866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a serious global health problem. Patients with autoimmune diseases, such as Lupus Erythematosus, are exposed to a higher risk of acquiring infections. In this study, a molecular characterization, genomic investigation of the Hepatitis B virus, polymerase (P) and surface (S) genes, from a patient affected by Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus (CLE), was presented. Viral DNA was extracted from 200 μL of serum, and the HBV-DNA was amplified by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with the Platinum Taq DNA Polymerase. The PCR products were purified and sequencing reactions were performed. A phylogenetic analysis was performed through maximum likelihood and Bayesian approaches. The HBV CLE isolate was classified as sub-genotype D3 and related to other Italian HBV D3 genomes, and some from foreign countries. No drug resistant mutations were identified. One mutation (a.a. 168 M) was located in the last part of the major hydrophilic region (MHR) of the surface antigen (HBsAg). Moreover, three sites (351G, 526Y, 578C) in the polymerase were exclusively present in the CLE patient. The mutations identified exclusively in the HBsAg of our CLE patient may have been selected because of the Lupus autoantibodies, which are characteristic in the Lupus autoimmune disease, using a possible molecular mimicry mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umbertina Villano
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Elida Mataj
- Instituti i Shendetit Publik (ISHP), Alessander Moisiu No. 80, Tirane, Albania
| | - Maria Dorrucci
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Farchi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Carmelo Pirone
- Lupus Clinic, Rheumatology, Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche, Internistiche, Anestesiologiche e Cardiovascolari, Sapienza Università, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Catia Valdarchi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Michele Equestre
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Madonna
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Bruni
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Giulio Pisani
- Center for Immunobiological Research and Evaluation, National Institute of Health, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Martina
- Center for Immunobiological Research and Evaluation, National Institute of Health, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Simeoni
- Center for Immunobiological Research and Evaluation, National Institute of Health, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Iaiani
- Department of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Aou Policlinico Umberto I, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Ciccozzi
- Unit of Medical Statistics and Molecular Epidemiology, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Fabrizio Conti
- Lupus Clinic, Rheumatology, Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche, Internistiche, Anestesiologiche e Cardiovascolari, Sapienza Università, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Fulvia Ceccarelli
- Lupus Clinic, Rheumatology, Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche, Internistiche, Anestesiologiche e Cardiovascolari, Sapienza Università, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Lo Presti
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-06-49902915
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Spada E, Simeoni M, Martina A, Pati I, Villano U, Adriani D, D'Angiò A, Tritarelli E, Taffon S, Bellino S, Boros S, Urciuoli R, Masiello F, Marano G, Bruni R, Pezzotti P, Ciccaglione AR, Pupella S, De Angelis V, Pisani G. Prevalence and risk factors for hepatitis E virus infection in blood donors: a nationwide survey in Italy, 2017 to 2019. Euro Surveill 2022; 27. [PMID: 35656832 PMCID: PMC9164674 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2022.27.22.2100516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Background In high-income countries, hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection is mainly a zoonosis. However, it is also transfusion-transmissible and some countries, but not Italy, have introduced HEV screening for blood donations. Aim We assessed HEV infection prevalence and risk factors in a nationwide sample of Italian blood donors. Methods We selected 107 blood establishments (BE) distributed in the 20 Italian regions by a stratified two-stage design and invited them to participate in the study. Donors were tested for anti-HEV IgG and IgM and HEV RNA. Sociodemographic data and risk factors were collected through a questionnaire. Results Overall, 60 BE from 60 provinces in 19 Italian regions joined the study. We assessed HEV markers in 7,172 blood donors, of whom 6,235 completed the questionnaire. Overall crude and adjusted anti-HEV IgG prevalences were 8.3% and 5.5%, respectively. Overall anti-HEV IgM prevalence was 0.5%, while no blood donor was HEV RNA-positive. Anti-HEV IgG prevalence varied widely among regions (range: 1.3%–27.20%) and hyperendemic prevalences (> 40%) were detected in some provinces in two regions. Older age (AOR = 1.81; 95% CI: 1.36–2.41), foreign nationality (AOR = 2.77; 95% CI: 1.06–7.24), eating raw pork liver sausages (AOR = 2.23; 95% CI: 1.55–3.20) and raw homemade sausages (AOR = 3.63; 95% CI: 2.50–5.24) were independent infection predictors. Conclusion Italian blood donors showed a low to moderate HEV seroprevalence. High levels in some regions and/or provinces were mainly attributable to eating habits. Prevention should include avoiding consumption of raw or undercooked meat and safe production of commercial pork products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enea Spada
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Simeoni
- National Centre for the Control and Evaluation of Medicines, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Martina
- National Centre for the Control and Evaluation of Medicines, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Pati
- Italian National Blood Centre, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Umbertina Villano
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Adriani
- National Centre for the Control and Evaluation of Medicines, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Agnese D'Angiò
- National Centre for the Control and Evaluation of Medicines, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Tritarelli
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Taffon
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Bellino
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Boros
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Urciuoli
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Masiello
- Italian National Blood Centre, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Marano
- Italian National Blood Centre, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Bruni
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Patrizio Pezzotti
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Simonetta Pupella
- Italian National Blood Centre, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Giulio Pisani
- National Centre for the Control and Evaluation of Medicines, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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Martina A, Felis GE, Corradi M, Maffeis C, Torriani S, Venema K. Effects of functional pasta ingredients on different gut microbiota as revealed by TIM-2 in vitro model of the proximal colon. Benef Microbes 2019; 10:301-313. [PMID: 30827149 DOI: 10.3920/bm2018.0088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Diet-related modulation of gut microbiota and its metabolic activity represents an intriguing research context, particularly in the case of disorders related to imbalances in gut microbial communities. We here explored the effects of Bacillus coagulans GBI-30, 6086 (BC30), β-glucans, and innovative whole-grain pastas, with or without these functional ingredients, on gut microbiota from three groups of children, presenting different susceptibility to type 1 diabetes, by using the well-controlled TNO in vitro model of the proximal colon (TIM-2). Short- and branched-chain fatty acids production and microbiota composition were assessed by means of gas chromatography and 16S rRNA gene profiling, respectively. In most cases, in vitro dietary interventions caused microbiota-dependent modulations as a result of intergroup variability, but also specific changes in microbial groups were shared between the three microbiotas, highlighting specific diet-microbial taxa connections.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Martina
- 1 Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - G E Felis
- 1 Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - M Corradi
- 2 Unit of Pediatric Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Regional Center for Pediatric Diabetes, Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynecology and Pediatrics, University of Verona, P.le Stefani, 1, 37126 Verona, Italy
| | - C Maffeis
- 2 Unit of Pediatric Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Regional Center for Pediatric Diabetes, Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynecology and Pediatrics, University of Verona, P.le Stefani, 1, 37126 Verona, Italy
| | - S Torriani
- 1 Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - K Venema
- 3 Maastricht University - campus Venlo, Centre for Healthy Eating and Food Innovation, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, St. Jansweg 20, 5928 RC Venlo, the Netherlands.,4 Beneficial Microbes Consultancy, Johan Karschstraat 3, 6709 TN Wageningen, the Netherlands
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Martina A. [Rhetorical articulation and boredom in Alfred de Musset's 'Confession d'un Enfant du Siècle]. Studi Fr 1999; 43:44-59. [PMID: 22442848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
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Martina A. The quantity/quality of children hypothesis in developing countries: testing by considering some demographic experiences in China, India and Africa. Health Transit Rev 1995; 6 Suppl:191-212. [PMID: 10165305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Initially a general regression equation is estimated, making use of cross-country data, relating the level of the total fertility rate to a range of variables, including the level of per capita real income. There is a statistically significant negative relationship between the level of the total fertility rate and real income per capita. Once the theory of the quantity-cum-quality of children hypothesis is set out formally, and in a flexible form, it is clear that this statistical relationship is not inconsistent with this theory. However, this relationship is not a strong, or convincing, test of this hypothesis. To provide more satisfactory tests of this hypothesis, additional relevant information from various developing countries is used. Information on recent demographic changes in China provides a comparatively powerful, direct test of the theory. More indirect tests of the theory are provided by drawing on data for India in the 1960s, and for sub-Saharan African countries in the 1980s and early 1990s. These various tests suggest that the quantity-cum-quality hypothesis, in its flexible form, appears to explain some of the changes in fertility rates observed in various developing countries in recent decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Martina
- Department of Edonomic History, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
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8
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Mignone F, Sardella ML, Leone N, Sciolla N, Vianzone M, Bona F, Ciravegna P, Martina A. [Azidocillin and streptococcal infections: pharmacokinetics and clinical aspects]. Minerva Pediatr 1983; 35:587-95. [PMID: 6688654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Casorati E, Martina A, Guaita M. Polymerisation von nicht konjugierten Dienen mit freien Radikalen. 17. Mitt. Copolymerisation von Dimethyl-2,6-dimethylenheptandioat mit Methylmethacrylat in benzlischer Lösung. Colloid Polym Sci 1978. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01784571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Payr E, Martina A. Experimentelle Untersuchungen über die Ätiologie der Fettgewebsnekrose und Leberveränderungen bei Schädigung des Pankreasgewebes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1906. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02794244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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