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Meo SA, Salih MA, Al-Hussain F, Alkhalifah JM, Meo AS, Akram A. Environmental pollutants PM2.5, PM10, carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and ozone (O3) impair human cognitive functions. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2024; 28:789-796. [PMID: 38305621 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202401_35079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Environmental pollution is an emerging global public health problem across the world and causes serious threats to ecosystems, human health, and the planet. This study is designed to explore the impact of environmental pollution particulate matter PM2.5, PM10, carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and ozone (O3) on cognitive functions in students from schools located in or away from air-polluted areas. SUBJECTS AND METHODS In this study, two schools were selected: one was located near a traffic-polluted area (school #1), and the second was in an area away from the traffic-polluted area (school #2). In this study, a total of 300 students were recruited: 150 (75 male and 75 female) students from school #1 located in a traffic-polluted area, and 150 students (75 male and 75 female) from school #2 located away from a traffic polluted area. The overall average age of students was 13.53±1.20 years. The students were selected based on age, gender, health status, height, weight, BMI, ethnicity, and homogenous socio-economic and educational status. The pollutants PM2.5, PM10, CO, NO2, O3, and SO2 were recorded in the surrounding environment. The overall mean concentration of environmental pollutants in school #1 was 35.00±0.65 and in school #2 was 29.95±0.32. The levels of airborne particles were measured, and the cognitive functions were recorded using the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB). The students performed the cognitive functions tasks, including the attention switching task (AST), choice reaction time (CRT), and motor screening task (MOT). RESULTS The results revealed that the AST-Mean 928.34±182.23 vs. 483.79±146.73 (p=0.001), AST-mean congruent 889.12±197.12 vs. 473.30±120.11 (p=0.001), AST-mean in-congruent 988.98±201.27 vs. 483.87±144.57 (p=0.001), CRT-Mean 721.36±251.72 vs. 418.17±89.71 (p=0.001), and MOT-Mean 995.07±394.37 vs. 526.03±57.83 (p=0.001) were significantly delayed among the students who studied in school located in the traffic polluted area compared to students who studied in school which was located away from the traffic-polluted area. CONCLUSIONS Environmental pollution was significantly higher in motor vehicle-congested areas. Cognitive functions were impaired among the students who were studying in a school located in a polluted area. The results further revealed that the students studying in schools located in environmentally polluted areas have attention, thinking, and decision-making abilities related to cognitive function impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Meo
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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Mushtaq R, Khwaja S, Akram A, Karim A, Abbasi SR, Baqa K. Effect of Raphanus raphanistrum on chronic kidney disease induced by ethanol in animal model rats. BRAZ J BIOL 2024. [DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.2355378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of Raphanus raphanistrum (radish) on chronic kidney disease damage by reactive oxygen species or free radicals in animal model rats. Total of 18 rats were used in this study, divided into 3 groups and each group consist of 6 rats. Group 1 control (C), group 2 model (M) and group 3 test (T). Model and test group were treated with alcohol to produce chronic kidney disease by reactive oxygen spices for 9 weeks a dose of 1 ml. After that test group was treated with Raphanus raphanistrum juice for 4 weeks 80mg/kg body weight to determine it effect. Raphanus raphanistrum juice effect on behavior of rats through increases the locomotor activity and anxiety. The serum creatinine and uric acid level were significantly improved in T group. The reactive oxygen enzyme test shows that Super Oxide Dismutase (SOD) and Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx) was increase in T group. The Glutathione S-Transferases (GST) and Catalase (CAT) enzyme level was nearly same in C and T groups. This study concludes that compound 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl found in Raphanus raphanistrum juice and possess strong antioxidant activity on Chronic kidney disease induce by ethanol through reactive oxygen species. There is need of more researches to determine the use of natural compound to treat different disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Mushtaq
- Federal Urdu University of Arts Science and Technology, Pakistan
| | - S. Khwaja
- Federal Urdu University of Arts Science and Technology, Pakistan
| | - A. Akram
- Federal Urdu University of Arts Science and Technology, Pakistan
| | - A. Karim
- Sardar Bahadur Khan Women’s University, Pakistan
| | - S. R. Abbasi
- Federal Urdu University of Arts Science and Technology, Pakistan
| | - K. Baqa
- Federal Urdu University of Arts Science and Technology, Pakistan
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Akhtar S, Naeem S, Asghar N, Muhammad Khan F, Mehboob Khan M, Akram A, Suheryani I. Revealing analgesic and anxiolytic potentials of synthetic benzimidazole analogues: An in-vivo and in-silico study. Pak J Pharm Sci 2023; 36:1749-1757. [PMID: 38124415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Certain drugs have potential to affect and alter individual's behavior. On the other hand, pain is a complex phenomenon with various treatment options; analgesic medicines are the primary source. Therefore, this study was based on examining some of the benzimidazole analogues for their analgesic as well as behavioral potential following Tail immersion test and Open field test respectively. In addition, molecular docking was performed to find the interaction of these compounds with the active site using AutoDock Vina which was further visualized through Discovery Studio Visualizer. It was seen that the cyano-methyl benzimidazole derivatives (CMB1-CMB3) showed relief in pain as compared to benzimidazole derivatives (BI1-BI3), CMB2 demonstrated highly potent analgesic effect. Likewise, all structures except BI1 displayed increase locomotion during open field test and can be offered as anxiolytic compounds. Almost all derivatives showed improve binding energies for the tested proteins where the high analgesic action of CMB2 might be correlated to its high binding affinity and interaction at µOR. It was also noticed that all structures except BI showed possible binding interaction with GABAA receptor and hence possessed anxiolytic like potential. Thus, this study offered benzimidazole analogues for further drug development of analgesic and anxiolytic like compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamim Akhtar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hamdard University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Sabahat Naeem
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Dow College of Pharmacy, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Nadia Asghar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Faisal Muhammad Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Dow College of Pharmacy, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Moona Mehboob Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Dow College of Pharmacy, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Arfa Akram
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal Urdu University of Arts Science and Technology, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Imran Suheryani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Pakistan
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Tabassum N, Akram A, Azizuddin , Ahmed A, Naseem Khan M, Ali Khan R, Azeem I, Furrukh M. The in vitro study of interaction between antacids and anti-diabetic drug sitagliptin in the treatment of type II diabetes. Pak J Pharm Sci 2023; 36:373-378. [PMID: 37530143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Hyperglycemia is a long-lasting syndrome that occurs either when the pancreas cannot produce enough insulin, or the body cannot effectively utilize that insulin to regulate blood sugar levels. Non-insulin-dependent hyperglycemia, also known as type II diabetes, causes a common consequence of severe damage to many of the body's organs mainly the blood vessels and nerves. The majority of people around the world are suffering from non-insulin-dependent diabetes. The present work showed a great effort to investigate any possible interaction between antacids and sitagliptin (anti-diabetic drug) in the treatment of type II diabetes with gastrointestinal tract problems. The in vitro studies were carried out in simulated gastric juice pH 2.0 and intestinal pH 7.4 at 37oC. MgCO3, NaHCO3, Mg(OH)2, Al(OH)3 and CaCO3 were used as antacids in these studies. It has been observed that % release of sitagliptin was significantly enhanced in the presence of calcium carbonate and magnesium carbonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nargis Tabassum
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science and Technology, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Arfa Akram
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science and Technology, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - - Azizuddin
- Department of Chemistry, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science and Technology, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Ateka Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science and Technology, Karachi, Pakistan/ Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Naseem Khan
- Microbiology Section, FMRRC, Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research Laboratories Complex, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Rashid Ali Khan
- Pharmaceutical Research Centre, Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research Laboratories Complex, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Iffat Azeem
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science and Technology, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Mehwish Furrukh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science and Technology, Karachi, Pakistan
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Raza AA, Mushtaq R, Khwaja S, Akram A, Karim A, Akhter A. Antioxidant associated chemoprophylaxis effect of natural spice and green vegetable on hepatotoxicity. BRAZ J BIOL 2023; 84:e266940. [PMID: 36629639 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.266940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
This is a case control and cohort study, conducted at Department of Biochemistry in FUAST, compressing 24 number of albino Wistar rats. Illicium verum (star anise) natural spice and green vegetable broccoli are used for chemo-preventive herbal treatment in relation with vitamin C antioxidant activity. Hepatotoxicity was induced in liver of model rats by giving interperitoneally single injection of 200 mg/kg bod weight (B.W) of N-nitrosodiethylamine and orally giving 1 mg/kg BW phenobarbital for 14 days during disease prorogation period. The vitamin C analysis from Illicium verum (star anise), green broccoli, orange juice, orange peel and orange pulp was done by iodometric quantitative and qualitative titration method. Rats were given compound according to their bodyweight as 1 mg/kg B.W. After 14 days (Disease Promotion and Propagation Period) and 28 days (Disease cure period) of treatment behavioral activity was monitored by locomotors activity in open field experiment, stimulatory activity in home cage and anxiolytic effects observed in light and dark apparatus and also in T maze. Behavioral activity were significantly increased in Illicium verum and green broccoli treated rats. Hematological study including hemoglobin (Hb), white blood cells (WBC), red blood cells (RBC), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), red cell distribution width (RDW) and Platelets was done by abbot laboratory analyzer cell. The value of Hb and RBC was also significantly increased in star anise and broccoli treated rats, showed proper function of RBC in microcirculation. WBC was also in normal range revealed that no disease regards to bone marrow and leukemia's. The biochemical activity of rats including urea, creatinine, total protein, albumin, globulin, A/G ratio, amylase and calcium in blood serum were analyzed while, liver health or performance was also determined by LFT (liver function test). Behavioral and laboratorial variables were analyzed by using SPSS v. 20 and p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The study report noticeable significant effect of Illicium verum and broccoli on hepatotoxicity of experimental model. Recent experimental study statistical outcomes show reciprocal relationship between the consumption of vegetable diet and natural spice with the risk of Hepatotoxicity. Thus, the aim of the study is to enhance the function of star anise or illicium verum natural spice and green vegetable broccoli as an anticancer or chemoprophylaxis agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Raza
- Federal Urdu University of Arts Science and Technology, Department of Biochemistry, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - R Mushtaq
- Federal Urdu University of Arts Science and Technology, Department of Zoology, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - S Khwaja
- Federal Urdu University of Arts Science and Technology, Department of Zoology, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - A Akram
- Federal Urdu University of Arts Science and Technology, Department of Zoology, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - A Karim
- Sardar Bahadur Khan Women's University Quetta, Department of Zoology, Balochistan, Pakistan
| | - A Akhter
- Federal Urdu University of Arts Science and Technology, Department of Zoology, Karachi, Pakistan
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Liñán Tegedor A, Elkhatib I, Arnanz A, Bayram A, Abdala A, Ruiz F, Shanker U, Akram A, Melado L, Patel R, Lawrenz B, Fatemi H. P-137 ICM and TE quality significantly impact the live birth in euploid frozen blastocyst transfer cycles. Hum Reprod 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deac107.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Study question
Is the live birth rate (LBR) in euploid frozen blastocyst transfer (FET) affected by the quality of ICM (Inner cell mass) and TE (Trophectoderm)?
Summary answer
ICM and TE significantly impacts the LBR with a decline of LB from 57.3% (ICM-A) to 48.5% (ICM-B) to 22.1% (ICM-C) (p < 0.001)
What is known already
The morphological blastocyst grading system proposed by Gardner-Schoolcraft remains the most accepted system to identify blastocysts with higher implantation potential. It relies on morphological features within the blastocyst, including ICM and TE. Several studies tried to identify the individual contribution of each. However, the conclusions remain contradictory and no clear consensus has yet been achieved. Due to heterogeneity of parameters evaluated between different publications, where embryos with unknown ploidy status were transferred in conjunction with a variability of stimulation protocols and in the number of transferred embryos, the real effect of the ICM and TE is difficult to infer.
Study design, size, duration
This two-center retrospective observational study includes a total of 977 euploid single FET cycles between March 2017 and March 2020 at ART Fertility Clinics Muscat, Oman and Abu Dhabi, UAE.
Participants/materials, setting, methods
Trophectoderm biopsies were analyzed with Next Generation Sequencing (NGS). All blastocysts available on D5 or D6 with a quality ≥ BL3CC were subjected to TE biopsy for PGT-A analysis and LBR was recorded. Vitrification/warming of blastocysts was performed using Cryotop method (Kitazato). Bivariate and multivariate analysis were performed between LB outcomes and ICM and TE grade while controlling for confounding factors.
Main results and the role of chance
A total of 977 single FET cycles were analyzed: 651 in hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and 326 in natural cycle regimen (NC) resulting in a 46.88% LBR. The mean patients’ age was 33.80 years with a mean Body Mass Index (BMI) of 26.80 kg/m2. Though all qualities of ICM and TE were associated with LB, blastocyst ICM-A LBR was statistically significantly higher (57.3%) than ICM-B (48.4%) and ICM-C (22.1%) (p < 0.001). Similarly, blastocyst TE-A LBR was statistically significantly higher (59.2%) than TE- B (48.6%) and TE- C (30.3%) (p < 0.001). Miscarriage rate was similar in all groups.
The grade of ICM and TE were significantly associated with Anti-Mullerian-Hormone (AMH) and day of blastocyst biopsy. Mean AMH (ng/ml) was higher in ICM groups (A: 3.78, B: 3.24, p < 0.001) and TE group (A: 3.63, B: 3.38, p < 0.05) compared to lower grade (ICM-C: 2.86, TE-C: 2.82).
In multivariate analysis, endometrial preparation for FET, BMI and AMH were the parameters influencing LBR: OR:1.45, [CI:1.07-1.96], p < 0.015) for NC; OR 0.96 [CI:0.93-0.99], p = 0.004 for BMI; OR 0.95 [CI:0.90-1.00], p = 0.033 for AMH; Both, ICM-C and TE-C, resulted in a significantly lower chance of LB [ICM: OR 0.32, CI:0.17-0.61, p < 0.001; TE: OR 0.44, CI:0.27-0.73, p = 0.002), compared to grade A.
Limitations, reasons for caution
The retrospective nature of the study and inter-observer variability in blastocyst scoring is a limitation. The physician/embryologist performing the embryo transfer could not been standardized due to the multicenter design. Randomized controlled studies are needed to determine whether ICM or TE should be prioritized in the selection of the blastocyst.
Wider implications of the findings
The ICM and TE scoring in FET may influence the LBR and should be considered as an important factor for the success of embryo transfer cycles. Whether these results can be extrapolated to fresh embryo transfer and to blastocysts with unknown ploidy status, needs further investigation.
Trial registration number
not applicable
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Affiliation(s)
- A Liñán Tegedor
- ART Fertility Clinics- Muscat- Sultanate of Oman, IVF Laboratory , Muscat, Oman
| | - I Elkhatib
- ART Fertility Clinics- Abu Dhabi- United Arab Emirates, IVF Laboratory , Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - A Arnanz
- ART Fertility Clinics- Abu Dhabi- United Arab Emirates, IVF Laboratory , Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - A Bayram
- ART Fertility Clinics- Abu Dhabi- United Arab Emirates, IVF Laboratory , Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - A Abdala
- ART Fertility Clinics- Abu Dhabi- United Arab Emirates, IVF Laboratory , Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - F Ruiz
- ART Fertility Clinics- Abu Dhabi- United Arab Emirates, Specialist Reproductive Medicine and Infertility , Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - U Shanker
- ART Fertility Clinics- Muscat- Sultanate of Oman, Specialist Reproductive Medicine and Infertility , Muscat, Oman
| | - A Akram
- ART Fertility Clinics- Muscat- Sultanate of Oman, Medical Operations , Muscat, Oman
| | - L Melado
- ART Fertility Clinics- Abu Dhabi- United Arab Emirates, Specialist Reproductive Medicine and Infertility , Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - R Patel
- ART Fertility Clinics, Department of Biostatistics , Gurugram- Haryana., India
| | - B Lawrenz
- ART Fertility Clinics- Abu Dhabi- United Arab Emirates, Specialist Reproductive Medicine and Infertility , Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - H.M Fatemi
- ART Fertility Clinics- Abu Dhabi- United Arab Emirates, Specialist Reproductive Medicine and Infertility , Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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Yaseen SB, Akram A, Musharraf SG, Wajidi M, Tabassum N, Nazir N, Shah SMZ. The LC-QTOF-MS/MS analysis of acid degradation products of Rifaximin, An Antibiotic. MethodsX 2022; 9:101735. [PMID: 35669084 PMCID: PMC9166475 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2022.101735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Ghafar M, Khwaja S, Zahid M, Hussain SI, Karim A, Akram A. Association of blood groups/Rh and diabetes mellitus in Karachi city, Pakistan. BRAZ J BIOL 2022; 84:e252952. [DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.252952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract The main purpose of this study was to find out a possible association between ABO blood groups or Rh and diabetes mellitus (DM) in the local population of eight (8) different towns of Karachi, Pakistan. For this purpose a survey was carried out in Karachi to have a practical observation of these towns during the period of 9 months from June 2019 to Feb. 2020. Out of eighteen (18) towns of Karachi, samples (N= 584) were collected from only eight (8) Towns of Karachi and gave a code-number to each town. Diabetic group sample was (n1=432) & pre-diabetes sample was (n2 =152). A standard Abbot Company Glucometer for Random Blood Sugar (RBS) and Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS) tests, standard blood anti sera were used for ABO/Rh blood type. Health assessment techniques were performed ethically by taking informed consent from all registered subjects. Finally data was analyzed by SPSS version 20.0. In our current study, the comparison of ABO blood groups frequencies between diabetic and pre-diabetic individuals were carried out. The percentage values of blood Group-B as given as: (32% in DM vs. 31% in pre-diabetics), followed by blood Group-O as: (18% in DM vs. 11% in pre-diabetics). Contrary to Group-“B” & “O”, blood Group-A and Group-AB were distribution percentage higher pre-diabetic as compared to DM patients, as given as: Group-A (32% in pre-diabetics vs. 26% in DM) & Group-AB (26% in pre-diabetics vs. 24% in diabetic’s patients). In addition, percentage distribution of Rh system was also calculated, in which Rh+ve Group was high and more common in DM patients as compared to pre-diabetics; numerically given as: Rh+ve Group (80% in DM vs. 72% in pre-diabetics). Different views and dimensions of the research topic were studied through literature support, some have found no any association and some established a positive association still some were not clear in making a solid conclusion. It is concluded that DM has a positive correlation with ABO blood groups, and people with Group-B have increased susceptibility to DM disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Ghafar
- Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science, and Technology, Pakistan
| | - S. Khwaja
- Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science, and Technology, Pakistan
| | - M. Zahid
- Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science, and Technology, Pakistan
| | - S. I. Hussain
- Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science, and Technology, Pakistan
| | - A. Karim
- Sardar Bahadur Khan Women’s University, Pakistan
| | - A. Akram
- Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science, and Technology, Pakistan
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Khwaja S, Hussain SI, Zahid M, Aziz Z, Akram A, Jabeen U, Rasheed A, Rasheed S, Baqa K, Basit A. Persistent organic pollutants distribution in plasma lipoprotein fractions. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 83:e248910. [PMID: 34550288 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.248910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study determines the associations among serum lipid profiles, risk of cardiovascular disease, and persistent organic pollutants. Using Gas chromatography technique, the intensity of toxic pollutant residues in serum samples of Hypertensive patients were measured. Based on statistical analysis, the effects of different covariates namely pesticides, age, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and lipid profile duration was checked using the logistic regression model. Statistical computation was performed on SPSS 22.0. The P-values of F-Statistic for each lipid profile class are greater than 0.01 (1%), therefore we cannot reject the null hypothesis for all cases. The estimated coefficients, their standard errors, Wald Statistic, and odds ratio of the binary logistic regression model for different lipid profile parameters indicate if pesticides increase then the logit value of different lipid profile parameters changes from -0.46 to -0.246 except LDL which increases by 0.135. The study reports a significantly increased threat of cardiovascular disease with increased concentrations of toxic pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Khwaja
- Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science, and Technology, Department of Zoology, Gulshan-e-Iqbal, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - S I Hussain
- Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science, and Technology, Department of Zoology, Gulshan-e-Iqbal, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - M Zahid
- Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science, and Technology, Department of Zoology, Gulshan-e-Iqbal, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Z Aziz
- Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science, and Technology, Department of Statistics, Gulshan-e-Iqbal, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - A Akram
- Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science, and Technology, Department of Zoology, Gulshan-e-Iqbal, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - U Jabeen
- Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science, and Technology, Department of Biochemistry, Gulshan-e-Iqbal, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - A Rasheed
- Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science, and Technology, Department of Zoology, Gulshan-e-Iqbal, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - S Rasheed
- Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science, and Technology, Department of Zoology, Gulshan-e-Iqbal, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - K Baqa
- Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science, and Technology, Department of Biochemistry, Gulshan-e-Iqbal, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - A Basit
- Baqai Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
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Howes M, Akram A. An unusual case of Salmonella septic arthritis. Int J Infect Dis 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.09.383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Hussain F, Akram A, Hafeez J, Shahid M. Biofunctional characterization of red, black and white ginseng (Panax ginseng Meyer) root extracts. Rev Mex Ing Quim 2020. [DOI: 10.24275/rmiq/bio1735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Wajidi M, Vaid FH, Rizwani GH, Faiyaz A, Shareef H, Akram A, Ahmed A. Anti-Oxidant and digestive enzymes inhibitory based anti diabetic activity of crude and fractions of Carum carvi L. extracts. Pak J Pharm Sci 2019; 32:2687-2695. [PMID: 31969303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In the present study crude ethanolic extract and its various fractions (ethyl acetate, hexane and aqueous) of medicinal plant Carum carvi L. were examined for α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition using an-in vitro model. Both digestive enzymes were extracted from bovine and green gram. The crude extract and its fractions were also studied for their antioxidant potential by DPPH and Nitric oxide activity. The quantitative assessment of phenol and flavonoid contents was also estimated. The crude extract and its fractions exhibited high in-vitro enzyme inhibitory activity against α-amylase and α-glucosidase at different concentrations with IC50 ranging from 421.4±7.8 to 810±5.71and 72±8.81 to 307.0±11.42μg/mL of each extract respectively. The plant showed highest total phenolic contents ranging from 29.5±0.49 to 112.5±0.36mg/g Gallic acid of extract, while the total flavonoid contents were estimated from3.08±0.02-85.4± 0.12mg/g Quercetin. The antioxidant activities of the all extracts, measured in terms of IC50 values were in the range of 53.05±1.98 to 211.5±31.06μg/mL. Nitric oxide scavenging ability exhibited their IC50 values from 26.3±5.51 to 121.3±5.32μg/mL. Ethanolic crude extract showed excellent result among all these fractions. GCMS analysis of ethanolic extract of Carum carvi L indicated the presence of several phytochemicals such as monoterpenes, unsaturated fatty acids, furan derivatives, phenolic and flavonoid contents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehwish Wajidi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Faiyaz Hm Vaid
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Ghazala H Rizwani
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Ambreen Faiyaz
- College of Medicine, Basic Medical Science Department, King Saud Bin Abdul Aziz University of Health Sciences, Jeddah, KSA
| | - Huma Shareef
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Arfa Akram
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science and Technology, Karachi
| | - Ateka Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Karachi, Pakistan
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Shirin T, Muraduzzaman A, Alam A, Sultana S, Siddiqua M, Khan M, Akram A, Sharif A, Hossain S, Flora M. Largest dengue outbreak of the decade with high fatality may be due to reemergence of DEN-3 serotype in Dhaka, Bangladesh, necessitating immediate public health attention. New Microbes New Infect 2019; 29:100511. [PMID: 30937172 PMCID: PMC6426716 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2019.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- T. Shirin
- Department of Virology, Institute of Epidemiology Disease Control & Research (IEDCR), Bangladesh
| | - A.K.M. Muraduzzaman
- Department of Virology, Institute of Epidemiology Disease Control & Research (IEDCR), Bangladesh
| | - A.N. Alam
- Department of Virology, Institute of Epidemiology Disease Control & Research (IEDCR), Bangladesh
| | - S. Sultana
- Department of Virology, Institute of Epidemiology Disease Control & Research (IEDCR), Bangladesh
| | - M. Siddiqua
- Department of Microbiology, IbnSina Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - M.H. Khan
- Department of Virology, Institute of Epidemiology Disease Control & Research (IEDCR), Bangladesh
| | - A. Akram
- Department of Virology, Institute of Epidemiology Disease Control & Research (IEDCR), Bangladesh
| | - A.R. Sharif
- Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology Disease Control & Research (IEDCR), Bangladesh
| | - S. Hossain
- Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology Disease Control & Research (IEDCR), Bangladesh
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Khan A, Khan A, Farooq U, Taha M, Shah SAA, Halim SA, Akram A, Khan MZ, Jan AK, Al-Harrasi A. Oxindole-based chalcones: synthesis and their activity against glycation of proteins. Med Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-019-02345-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Hassan S, Iqbal S, Zaheer E, Hassan A, Hamid S, Ali M, Akram A, Maroof SZ, Abedin S, Khan SJ. Development and validation of RP-HPLC method for simultaneous determination of cefpodoxime proxetil and H2 receptor antagonists in pharmaceutical dosage forms. Pak J Pharm Sci 2019; 32:839-844. [PMID: 31103980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A new method on RP-HPLC is devised and validated, as per ICH guidelines, for the synchronous estimation of cefpodoxime proxetil and H2-receptor antagonits that are Cimetidine, Famotidine and Ranitidine. The method is simple, accurate, expeditious, reproducible, robust and precise. Chromatography was done on a C18 (250 x 4.6mm) column with methanol: water as mobile phae in the ratio of 70:30 (v/v), pumped at a flow rate of 1ml/min and pH was maintained using 85% ortho-phosphoric acid at 3. The λ max 240 nm was preferred for UV detection. A good linear relationship was attained, over the concentration ranges of 20-70 μg/ml and 5-30μg/ml, for cefpodoxime proxetil and H2 blockers respectively, with a correlation coefficient of R= 0.9987 to 0.9992. The method was validated and found precised (i.e. intra day and interday analysis) with RSD <2%. LOD and LOQ observations were under 0.4806 to 2.6069μg/ml which proved the method to be sensitive. The method provided satisfactory results of robustness and reproducibility, when validated and applied successfully for analysis of dosage forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohail Hassan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical sciences, University of Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Sadia Iqbal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical sciences, University of Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Erum Zaheer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Amir Hassan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical sciences, University of Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Shaista Hamid
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical sciences, University of Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Mohsin Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Arfa Akram
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, FUUAST, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Syed Zohaib Maroof
- Department of Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Saima Abedin
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Sidra J Khan
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
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Akram A, Islam SMR, Munshi SU, Tabassum S. Detection of Hepatitis B Virus DNA among Chronic and potential Occult HBV patients in resource-limited settings by Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification assay. J Viral Hepat 2018; 25:1306-1311. [PMID: 29768691 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.12931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Transmission of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) usually occurs due to the transfusion of blood or blood products from chronic HBV (CHB) or occult HBV-infected (OBI) patients. Besides serological tests, e.g. HBsAg and anti- HBc (total), detection of HBVDNA is necessary for the diagnosis of OBI patients. Different nucleic acid tests (NATs) including real- time-Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR) are used to detect HBV- DNA. The NATs are expensive and require technical expertise which are barriers to introduce them in resource-limited settings. This study was undertaken to evaluate the use of Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) assay as an alternative to qPCR for the detection of HBV-DNA in CHB and potential OBI patients in resource-limited settings. Following the published protocols with some modifications, a LAMP assay was developed for detection of HBV-DNA by either using a heat block followed by detection in an agarose gel or using a qPCR thermocycler. The LAMP assay was applied to supernatant prepared from heat-treated serum collected from CHB and potential OBI patients. HBV viral load in serum was measured by qPCR using a single-step HBV-DNA quantification kit. Among 200 samples tested, qPCR was capable to detect HBV-DNA in 25.5% of cases, whereas LAMP assay detected HBV-DNA in 43.5% cases. The qPCR was able to detect 11 (9.16%) potential OBI cases, whereas LAMP assay identified HBV-DNA in 43 (35.83%) cases. In addition to tests for HBsAg and/or anti-HBc (total), detection of HBV-DNA by LAMP assay may aid in preventing post-transfusion HBV infection in resource-limited settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Akram
- Department of Virology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - S M R Islam
- Department of Virology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - S U Munshi
- Department of Virology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - S Tabassum
- Department of Virology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Hamid S, Beg AE, Muhammad IN, Hassan S, Hassan A, Akram A, Alladin N. Development and validation of HPLC method for the determination of Candesartan in human plasma. Pak J Pharm Sci 2018; 31:2323-2327. [PMID: 30473499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Candesartan (CAN), an ARB-blocker, antihypertensive, was analyzed in human plasma by a simple, accurate and precise RP-HPLC (reverse phase-High performance liquid chromatography assay method which was then validated for its accuracy, specificity and precision. The mobile phase has a constitution of acetone, diethylamine and distilled water, while Phosphoric acid was used to adjust the pH to 2.5±0.1. This mobile phase was run at 1.1ml/min and the fluorescence wavelength was set to 392 nm. A C-18 HPLC, column particle size (5 μm) Mediterranean Sea ® L x 1.D. 25cm x 4.6 mm (Supelcosil) , with auto sampler injection volume of 30μl ,an internal standard Valsartan was utilized for chromatographic detection. Candesartan took a retention time of 6±0.5 minutes. This method was validated by the parameters of selectivity, accuracy, precision, repeatability, reproducibility, recovery, linearity and stability. Candesartan's calibration curves were found to be linear in the range of 200ng/ml to 3.125ng/ml and the coefficient of determination (r2) was found to be 0.99. Analytical recovery obtained was above 88%. Hence, this method has been found to be useful for determining Candesartan in plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaista Hamid
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Anwar Ejaz Beg
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Iyad Naeem Muhammad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Sohail Hassan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Amir Hassan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Arfa Akram
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, FUUAST, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Neyama Alladin
- International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
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Rutherford MD, Akram A. How Are We Doing?-The Experience of the Merton Home Treatment Team in Gathering Real-Time Feedback and the Impact Upon Service Provision. J Patient Exp 2017; 4:197-201. [PMID: 29276767 PMCID: PMC5734519 DOI: 10.1177/2374373517715009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims and Method: To discuss the methods involved in gathering real-time feedback (RTF) by a London Home Treatment Team. We hypothesized that RTF would lead to changes in service provision and improvements in patient and carer feedback. Patients were invited to provide RTF on discharge. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected and analyzed centrally by the Trust before being disseminated to the team and changes made based upon the results. Quantitative feedback on the team’s performance in the first 6 months of RTF use was compared against data from the 6 months prior to March 2015 using 2-tailed Z tests. Results: There were significant improvements in feedback around the team visiting at the agreed times (P = .0069) and patients feeling that they had been involved in treatment decisions (P = .0371). Clinical Implications: Real-time feedback is a potentially valuable method for obtaining patient feedback and can result in service improvements if used appropriately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Rutherford
- South West London and St George's Mental Health NHS Trust, Springfield Hospital, Tooting, London, United Kingdom
| | - A Akram
- South West London and St George's Mental Health NHS Trust, Springfield Hospital, Tooting, London, United Kingdom
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Akram A, Maley M, Gosbell I, Nguyen T, Chavada R. Utility of 16S rRNA PCR performed on clinical specimens in patient management. Int J Infect Dis 2017; 57:144-149. [PMID: 28216180 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2017.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Broad-range 16S rRNA PCR can be used for the detection and identification of bacteria from clinical specimens in patients for whom there is a high suspicion of infection and cultures are negative. The aims of this study were (1) to compare 16S rRNA PCR results with microbiological culture results, (2) to assess the utility of 16S rRNA PCR with regard to antimicrobial therapy, and (3) to compare the yield of 16S rRNA PCR for different types of clinical specimen and to perform a cost analysis of the test. METHODS A retrospective study was performed on different clinical specimens which had 16S performed over 3 years (2012-2015). Standard microbiological cultures were performed on appropriate media, as per the laboratory protocol. Patient clinical and microbiological data were obtained from the electronic medical records and laboratory information system, respectively. 16S rRNA PCR was performed in a reference laboratory using a validated method for amplification and sequencing. The outcomes assessed were the performance of 16S rRNA PCR, change of antimicrobials (rationalization, cessation, or addition), and duration of therapy. Concordance of 16S rRNA PCR with bacterial cultures was also determined for tissue specimens. RESULTS Thirty-two patients were included in the study, for whom an equal number of specimens (n=32) were sent for 16S rRNA PCR. 16S rRNA PCR could identify an organism in 10 of 32 cases (31.2%), of which seven were culture-positive and three were culture-negative. The sensitivity was 58% (confidence interval (CI) 28.59-83.5%) and specificity was 85% (CI 61.13-96%), with a positive predictive value of 70% (CI 35.3-91.9%) and negative predictive value of 77.2% (CI 54.17-91.3%). Antimicrobial therapy was rationalized after 16S rRNA PCR results in five patients (15.6%) and was ceased in four based on negative results (12.5%). Overall the 16S rRNA PCR result had an impact on antimicrobial therapy in 28% of patients (9/32). The highest concordance of 16S rRNA PCR with bacterial culture was found for heart valve tissue (80%), followed by joint fluid/tissue (50%). CONCLUSIONS Despite the low diagnostic yield, results of 16S rRNA PCR can still have a significant impact on patient management due to rationalization or cessation of the antimicrobial therapy. The yield of 16S rRNA PCR was highest for heart valves.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Akram
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Sydney South West Pathology Services, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
| | - M Maley
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Sydney South West Pathology Services, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
| | - I Gosbell
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Sydney South West Pathology Services, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW, Australia; Antibiotic Resistance and Mobile Elements Group, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW, Australia; Molecular Medicine Research Group, School of Medicine, University of Western Sydney, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
| | - T Nguyen
- Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - R Chavada
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Pathology North, Gosford/Wyong Hospitals, Gosford, NSW, Australia.
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Zafar S, Akhtar S, Tariq T, Mushtaq N, Akram A, Ahmed A, Arif M, Naeem S, Anwar S. Determination of pKa values of new phenacyl-piperidine derivatives by potentiometric titration method in aqueous medium at room temperature (25±0.5oC). Pak J Pharm Sci 2014; 27:925-929. [PMID: 25015461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Dissociation constant (pKa) of ten novel phenacyl derivatives of piperidine were determined by potentiometric titration method in aqueous medium at room temperature (25 ±0.5°C). The sample solutions were prepared in deionized water with ionic strength 0.01M and titrated with 0.1M NaOH solution. In addition, ΔG values were also calculated. Different prediction software programs were used to calculate pKa values too and compared to the experimentally observed pKa values. The experimental and theoretical values were found in close agreement. The results obtained in this research would help to predict the good absorption of the studied compounds and can be selected as lead molecules for the synthesis of CNS active agents because of their lipophilic nature especially compound VII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaista Zafar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Shamim Akhtar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Talat Tariq
- Department of Chemistry, Federal Urdu University of Science and Technology, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Noushin Mushtaq
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Arfa Akram
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Federal Urdu University of Science and Technology, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Ahsaan Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Arif
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Sabahat Naeem
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Sana Anwar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
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Aboonajmi M, Setarehdan S, Akram A, Nishizu T, Kondo N. Prediction of Poultry Egg Freshness Using Ultrasound. International Journal of Food Properties 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2013.770015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Shaheen H, Qureshi R, Akram A, Gulfraz M. Inventory of medicinal flora from Thal Desert, Punjab, Pakistan. Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med 2014; 11:282-90. [PMID: 25371594 DOI: 10.4314/ajtcam.v11i3.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This article reports the preliminary findings of an ethno-botanical survey that was carried out in the Thal Desert, Punjab, Pakistan during 2010 to 2013. The aim of this study was to document the traditional use of medicinal plants from the study area. MATERIALS AND METHODS The whole area was surveyed for inventorying medicinal flora by using a semi-structured questionnaire. RESULTS The people of the study area are extremely knowledgeable, hence reported 120 plants which are being used in treating various human diseases. The detailed inventory including botanical name, parts used, method of preparation and diseases treated is provided in this paper. CONCLUSION This study revealed that the inhabitants possessed empirical knowledge of medicinal plants which would be useful in developing health care products and preserving traditional cultures as well as phyto-diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humaira Shaheen
- Department of Botany, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Rahmatullah Qureshi
- Department of Botany, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - A Akram
- Department of Botany, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - M Gulfraz
- Department of Biochemistry, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
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Short PM, Williamson PA, Singanayagam A, Akram A, Schembri S, Chalmers JD. P136 Multidimensional prognostic index for exacerbations of COPD. Thorax 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2013-204457.286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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24
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Short PM, Williamson PA, Singanayagam A, Akram A, Chalmers JD, Schembri S. P133 Guideline adherent therapy and reduced mortality and length of stay in adults hospitalised with exacerbations of COPD. Thorax 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2013-204457.283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Akhtar S, Arif M, Mushtaq N, Saify ZS, Ahmed A, Haleem DJ, Akram A. Behavioral and neurochemical profile of some novel phenacyl based isonipecotamide derivatives. Pak J Pharm Sci 2012; 25:705-713. [PMID: 23009984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Study of natural products led to the development of new molecules of potential biological activity. Piperidine nucleus constitutes one of the components of various alkaloids and drugs. During the course of our project regarding the synthesis of derivatives of piperidine carboxamide to study the effects of these compounds as anti-depressive agents, some of the compounds exhibited significant effects at all three doses, through open field activity thus establishing a direct relationship between dose and locomotion. Moreover, these compounds have also shown the decreased level of 5-HT alone with increased level of dopamine as an indication of their antagonism towards 5-HT receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamim Akhtar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan.
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Omid M, Akram A, Golmohammadi A. Modeling Thermal Conductivity of Iranian Flat Bread Using Artificial Neural Networks. International Journal of Food Properties 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/10942910903374098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Taylor J, Chalmers J, Singanayagam A, Akram A, Choudhury G, Mandal P, Hill A. S127 Is healthcare associated pneumonia a distinct clinical phenotype? Thorax 2010. [DOI: 10.1136/thx.2010.150946.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Walton NA, Brenton JD, Caldas C, Irwin MJ, Akram A, Gonzalez-Solares E, Lewis JR, Maccallum PH, Morris LJ, Rixon GT. PathGrid: a service-orientated architecture for microscopy image analysis. Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci 2010; 368:3937-3952. [PMID: 20643686 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2010.0158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes 'PathGrid'--an analysis and data integration system, developed initially to meet the demands in the analysis of medical microscopy imaging data. An overview of the current system is given, describing the techniques used in developing the data handling infrastructure and the analysis algorithm development. The use of software created in the context of systems designed for the astronomy domain is noted, specifically infrastructure from the astronomy virtual observatory movement for data discovery, access and workflow management, and astronomical image analysis software adapted for the analysis of high-throughput astronomy imaging surveys. This paper notes the applicability of the techniques from the astronomy domain. The testbed infrastructure deployment is described, emphasizing its speed and ease of use and support. The validity of the analysis techniques is confirmed through the pilot study described here--with the application to a large sample of immunohistochemistry microscopy data obtained in part for assessing the oestrogen receptor status of breast cancers. The analysis showed that the specificity and sensitivity values for the automatic scoring using PathGrid were within the errors of those obtained via a 'gold standard' manual pathologist scoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Walton
- Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, UK.
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Akram A, Stuckey DC. Biomass acclimatisation and adaptation during start-up of a submerged anaerobic membrane bioreactor (SAMBR). Environ Technol 2008; 29:1053-1065. [PMID: 18942573 DOI: 10.1080/09593330802175856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The effects of biomass acclimatisation and adaptation during the start-up of three 3-litre submerged anaerobic membrane bioreactors (SAMBRs) were studied for the treatment of a sucrose-meat extract based medium strength wastewater (4 gCOD l(-1)). At 30 hours hydraulic retention time, the SAMBRs achieved more than 90% chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal with two different types of initial sludge--one previously adapted in a SAMBR for low strength treatment (SAMBR A), while the other was acclimatised in low shear continuous stirred tank reactors (CSTRs; mixture of biomass from two CSTR reactors fed on sucrose and/or acetate and propionate: SAMBR B--gassed at 5 litres per minute, SAMBR C at 2 litres per minute = 1.2 m3 m(-2) h(-1)). Although acclimatisation (enrichment of sludge adapted in a SAMBR for sewage treatment) took longer (100 days) than adaptation (enrichment and adaptation of sludge to SAMBR conditions) (39 days), the methane potential of the biomass improved substantially from its initial values. For successful start-up of SAMBRs a low initial loading rate, low biogas sparging rate and long acclimatisation and adaptation times were necessary to develop strong bacterial associations for interspecies electron transfer (SAMBRs A and C). The shorter adaptation time in SAMBR B resulted in permanent deterioration of performance, probably because of an insufficient population of methanogens and acetogens, and a reduction in floc size during overloaded conditions. The low value of flux (2 litres per square metre per hour) during high strength treatment was attributed to fine colloids, higher amounts of SMP and a high biomass concentration inside the reactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Akram
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemical Technology, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK
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