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Kapoor S, Cantrell EM, Peng K, Pham TH, Bail CA, Gundersen OE, Hofman JM, Hullman J, Lones MA, Malik MM, Nanayakkara P, Poldrack RA, Raji ID, Roberts M, Salganik MJ, Serra-Garcia M, Stewart BM, Vandewiele G, Narayanan A. REFORMS: Consensus-based Recommendations for Machine-learning-based Science. Sci Adv 2024; 10:eadk3452. [PMID: 38691601 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adk3452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Machine learning (ML) methods are proliferating in scientific research. However, the adoption of these methods has been accompanied by failures of validity, reproducibility, and generalizability. These failures can hinder scientific progress, lead to false consensus around invalid claims, and undermine the credibility of ML-based science. ML methods are often applied and fail in similar ways across disciplines. Motivated by this observation, our goal is to provide clear recommendations for conducting and reporting ML-based science. Drawing from an extensive review of past literature, we present the REFORMS checklist (recommendations for machine-learning-based science). It consists of 32 questions and a paired set of guidelines. REFORMS was developed on the basis of a consensus of 19 researchers across computer science, data science, mathematics, social sciences, and biomedical sciences. REFORMS can serve as a resource for researchers when designing and implementing a study, for referees when reviewing papers, and for journals when enforcing standards for transparency and reproducibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayash Kapoor
- Department of Computer Science, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
- Center for Information Technology Policy, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Emily M Cantrell
- Department of Sociology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
- School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Kenny Peng
- Department of Computer Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - Thanh Hien Pham
- Department of Computer Science, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
- Center for Information Technology Policy, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Christopher A Bail
- Department of Sociology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Department of Political Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Sanford School of Public Policy, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Odd Erik Gundersen
- Department of Computer Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Aneo AS, Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - Jessica Hullman
- Department of Computer Science, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Michael A Lones
- School of Mathematical and Computer Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Momin M Malik
- Center for Digital Health, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- School of Social Policy & Practice, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Institute in Critical Quantitative, Computational, & Mixed Methodologies, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Priyanka Nanayakkara
- Department of Computer Science, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Department of Communication Studies, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | | | - Inioluwa Deborah Raji
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Michael Roberts
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Matthew J Salganik
- Center for Information Technology Policy, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
- Department of Sociology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
- Office of Population Research, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Marta Serra-Garcia
- Rady School of Management, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Brandon M Stewart
- Center for Information Technology Policy, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
- Department of Sociology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
- Office of Population Research, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
- Department of Politics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Gilles Vandewiele
- Department of Information Technology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Arvind Narayanan
- Department of Computer Science, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
- Center for Information Technology Policy, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
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Kapoor S, Narayanan A. Leakage and the reproducibility crisis in machine-learning-based science. Patterns (N Y) 2023; 4:100804. [PMID: 37720327 PMCID: PMC10499856 DOI: 10.1016/j.patter.2023.100804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Machine-learning (ML) methods have gained prominence in the quantitative sciences. However, there are many known methodological pitfalls, including data leakage, in ML-based science. We systematically investigate reproducibility issues in ML-based science. Through a survey of literature in fields that have adopted ML methods, we find 17 fields where leakage has been found, collectively affecting 294 papers and, in some cases, leading to wildly overoptimistic conclusions. Based on our survey, we introduce a detailed taxonomy of eight types of leakage, ranging from textbook errors to open research problems. We propose that researchers test for each type of leakage by filling out model info sheets, which we introduce. Finally, we conduct a reproducibility study of civil war prediction, where complex ML models are believed to vastly outperform traditional statistical models such as logistic regression (LR). When the errors are corrected, complex ML models do not perform substantively better than decades-old LR models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayash Kapoor
- Department of Computer Science and Center for Information Technology Policy, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
| | - Arvind Narayanan
- Department of Computer Science and Center for Information Technology Policy, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
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Crockett MJ, Bai X, Kapoor S, Messeri L, Narayanan A. The limitations of machine learning models for predicting scientific replicability. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2307596120. [PMID: 37549293 PMCID: PMC10433273 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2307596120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M. J. Crockett
- Department of Psychology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ08540
- University Center for Human Values, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ08544
| | - Xuechunzi Bai
- Department of Psychology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ08540
- School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ08540
| | - Sayash Kapoor
- Department of Computer Science, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ08540
- Center for Information Technology Policy, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ08544
| | - Lisa Messeri
- Department of Anthropology, Yale University, New Haven, CT06511
| | - Arvind Narayanan
- Department of Computer Science, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ08540
- Center for Information Technology Policy, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ08544
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Sallée JB, Abrahamsen EP, Allaigre C, Auger M, Ayres H, Badhe R, Boutin J, Brearley JA, de Lavergne C, ten Doeschate AMM, Droste ES, du Plessis MD, Ferreira D, Giddy IS, Gülk B, Gruber N, Hague M, Hoppema M, Josey SA, Kanzow T, Kimmritz M, Lindeman MR, Llanillo PJ, Lucas NS, Madec G, Marshall DP, Meijers AJS, Meredith MP, Mohrmann M, Monteiro PMS, Mosneron Dupin C, Naeck K, Narayanan A, Naveira Garabato AC, Nicholson SA, Novellino A, Ödalen M, Østerhus S, Park W, Patmore RD, Piedagnel E, Roquet F, Rosenthal HS, Roy T, Saurabh R, Silvy Y, Spira T, Steiger N, Styles AF, Swart S, Vogt L, Ward B, Zhou S. Southern ocean carbon and heat impact on climate. Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci 2023; 381:20220056. [PMID: 37150205 PMCID: PMC10164461 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2022.0056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The Southern Ocean greatly contributes to the regulation of the global climate by controlling important heat and carbon exchanges between the atmosphere and the ocean. Rates of climate change on decadal timescales are therefore impacted by oceanic processes taking place in the Southern Ocean, yet too little is known about these processes. Limitations come both from the lack of observations in this extreme environment and its inherent sensitivity to intermittent processes at scales that are not well captured in current Earth system models. The Southern Ocean Carbon and Heat Impact on Climate programme was launched to address this knowledge gap, with the overall objective to understand and quantify variability of heat and carbon budgets in the Southern Ocean through an investigation of the key physical processes controlling exchanges between the atmosphere, ocean and sea ice using a combination of observational and modelling approaches. Here, we provide a brief overview of the programme, as well as a summary of some of the scientific progress achieved during its first half. Advances range from new evidence of the importance of specific processes in Southern Ocean ventilation rate (e.g. storm-induced turbulence, sea-ice meltwater fronts, wind-induced gyre circulation, dense shelf water formation and abyssal mixing) to refined descriptions of the physical changes currently ongoing in the Southern Ocean and of their link with global climate. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Heat and carbon uptake in the Southern Ocean: the state of the art and future priorities'.
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Affiliation(s)
- The SO-CHIC consortium
- Laboratoire d’Océanographie et du Climat Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Sorbonne Université, CNRS/IRD/MNHN, Paris, France
| | - J. B. Sallée
- Laboratoire d’Océanographie et du Climat Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Sorbonne Université, CNRS/IRD/MNHN, Paris, France
| | | | - C. Allaigre
- Laboratoire d’Océanographie et du Climat Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Sorbonne Université, CNRS/IRD/MNHN, Paris, France
| | - M. Auger
- Laboratoire d’Océanographie et du Climat Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Sorbonne Université, CNRS/IRD/MNHN, Paris, France
| | - H. Ayres
- University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - R. Badhe
- European Polar Board, Den Haag, The Netherlands
| | - J. Boutin
- Laboratoire d’Océanographie et du Climat Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Sorbonne Université, CNRS/IRD/MNHN, Paris, France
| | | | - C. de Lavergne
- Laboratoire d’Océanographie et du Climat Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Sorbonne Université, CNRS/IRD/MNHN, Paris, France
| | - A. M. M. ten Doeschate
- AirSea Laboratory and Ryan Institute, School of Natural Sciences, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
- Department of Oceanography, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - E. S. Droste
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - M. D. du Plessis
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - I. S. Giddy
- Department of Oceanography, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
| | - B. Gülk
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | | | - M. Hoppema
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - S. A. Josey
- National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, UK
| | - T. Kanzow
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - M. Kimmritz
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | | | - P. J. Llanillo
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | | | - G. Madec
- Laboratoire d’Océanographie et du Climat Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Sorbonne Université, CNRS/IRD/MNHN, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | - M. Mohrmann
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - P. M. S. Monteiro
- Southern Ocean Carbon-Climate Observatory (SOCCO), CSIR, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - C. Mosneron Dupin
- Laboratoire d’Océanographie et du Climat Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Sorbonne Université, CNRS/IRD/MNHN, Paris, France
| | - K. Naeck
- Laboratoire d’Océanographie et du Climat Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Sorbonne Université, CNRS/IRD/MNHN, Paris, France
| | - A. Narayanan
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - S-A. Nicholson
- Southern Ocean Carbon-Climate Observatory (SOCCO), CSIR, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | - M. Ödalen
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - S. Østerhus
- Norwegian Research Centre (NORCE), Bergen, Norway
| | - W. Park
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
- IBS Center for Climate Physics and Department of Climate System, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | | | - E. Piedagnel
- Laboratoire d’Océanographie et du Climat Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Sorbonne Université, CNRS/IRD/MNHN, Paris, France
| | - F. Roquet
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - H. S. Rosenthal
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - R. Saurabh
- Laboratoire d’Océanographie et du Climat Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Sorbonne Université, CNRS/IRD/MNHN, Paris, France
| | - Y. Silvy
- Laboratoire d’Océanographie et du Climat Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Sorbonne Université, CNRS/IRD/MNHN, Paris, France
| | - T. Spira
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - N. Steiger
- Laboratoire d’Océanographie et du Climat Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Sorbonne Université, CNRS/IRD/MNHN, Paris, France
| | | | - S. Swart
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Oceanography, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
| | - L. Vogt
- Laboratoire d’Océanographie et du Climat Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Sorbonne Université, CNRS/IRD/MNHN, Paris, France
| | - B. Ward
- AirSea Laboratory and Ryan Institute, School of Natural Sciences, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - S. Zhou
- British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge, UK
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Narayanan A, Naidoo M, Kong VY, Pearson L, Mani K, Fisher JP, Khashram M, Clarke DL. Broad responses and attitudes to having music in surgery (the BRAHMS study) - a South African perspective. S AFR J SURG 2023; 61:30-38. [PMID: 37052283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Music is played in operating theatres (OTs) throughout the world, though controversy around its use exists. While some clinicians may find background music favourable to the theatre mood and a way to augment surgical performance, there is concern raised over its distracting and noise-creating properties. METHODS In this prospective observational study, between August and December 2021, 110 surgeons and registrars in South Africa responded to a survey investigating the way they use music, and their perceptions and attitudes towards its effect on the OT environment. RESULTS In this cohort, 66% were male, 29% were consultants and the most common age range was 30-39 years old. Eighty per cent of respondents reported that music was played at least "sometimes", with 74% reporting that they enjoyed it. Easy Listening was the most played and preferred genre followed by Top 40/Billboard hits. Overwhelmingly, respondents reported that background music in the OT improved temperament, focus, mood, and performance, though over a quarter felt it worsened communication. Thirty-one per cent of respondents reported that the choice of music depended on the type of operation, and 70% would turn music down or off during crises. Those who enjoyed music in their spare time were significantly more likely to enjoy music in the OT and perceive it positively. CONCLUSION This study provides a window into the surgeons' use of and attitudes to intraoperative music in South Africa. While overall, music is viewed positively by this cohort, some concerns remain regarding communication and distractedness. Further interventional and qualitative studies would be useful.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Narayanan
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, New Zealand and Department of Surgery, University of Auckland, New Zealand and Department of Vascular Surgery, Waikato Hospital, New Zealand
| | - M Naidoo
- Department of Surgery, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa and Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - V Y Kong
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, New Zealand and Department of Surgery, University of Auckland, New Zealand and Department of Surgery, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa and Department of Surgery, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | - L Pearson
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Waikato Hospital, New Zealand
| | - K Mani
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Waikato Hospital, New Zealand and Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - J P Fisher
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - M Khashram
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, New Zealand and Department of Surgery, University of Auckland, New Zealand and Department of Vascular Surgery, Waikato Hospital, New Zealand
| | - D L Clarke
- Department of Surgery, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa and Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Sweden
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Brown ML, Michel D, Narayanan A, McCauley JC, Bugbee WD. Are immediate postoperative X-Rays valuable in evaluating complications of primary total hip arthroplasty? Arthroplasty 2022; 4:44. [PMID: 36320047 PMCID: PMC9628056 DOI: 10.1186/s42836-022-00148-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the complications of primary total hip arthroplasty based on immediate postoperative X-rays. The overall quality and cost of X-rays were assessed. METHODS The institutional database was queried to identify all patients who underwent total hip arthroplasty in a single institution between January 1, 2018, and December 31, 2018. Immediate postoperative X-rays were reviewed to identify the complications such as periprosthetic fractures, dislocation, and fixation failure. The quality and cost of X-ray were assessed. The complications were categorized as "known" and "unknown" according to the intraoperative fluoroscopic results. RESULTS A total of 518 total hip arthroplasties were included in this study. Based on intraoperative fluoroscopy, periprosthetic fractures were found in 10 (2%) THAs. Compared to the X-rays taken immediately after surgery, 9 periprosthetic fractures (recorded as "known") were found and 1 was not (recorded as "unknown"). There was no significant difference between intraoperative fluoroscopy and X-rays (P > 0.05). Of the 518 X-rays, 225 (43%) were of suboptimal quality. The cost of a single portable pelvic X-ray was $647. CONCLUSION In total hip arthroplasty, X-rays taken immediately after surgery rarely reveal unknown complications. The X-rays are often of suboptimal quality, have minimal clinical utility, and are less cost-effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew L. Brown
- grid.411896.30000 0004 0384 9827Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cooper University Health Care, Cooper University Hospital, 3 Cooper Plaza, Camden, NJ USA
| | - David Michel
- grid.489896.2000000046018493XAustin Regional Clinic, Austin, TX USA
| | - Arvind Narayanan
- grid.461872.e0000 0004 0449 305XDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, Scripps Green Hospital, La Jolla, San Diego, CA USA
| | - Julie C. McCauley
- grid.415401.5Shiley Center for Orthopaedic Research and Education at Scripps Clinic, La Jolla, San Diego, CA USA
| | - William D. Bugbee
- grid.461872.e0000 0004 0449 305XDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, Scripps Green Hospital, La Jolla, San Diego, CA USA ,grid.415401.5Shiley Center for Orthopaedic Research and Education at Scripps Clinic, La Jolla, San Diego, CA USA
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Abedini A, Narayanan A, Butcher C. An investigation into the characterization of the hardening response of sheet metals using tensile and shear tests with surface strain measurement. Forces in Mechanics 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.finmec.2022.100090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Pearson L, Narayanan A, Fisher J, Khashram M. 1515 A Survey on The Perceived Effect of Background Music on Intra-Operative Stress, Anxiety and Surgical Task Load On the Operating Surgeon. Br J Surg 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znab259.602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Music is commonly played in operating theatres throughout the world though its use remains controversial. There is growing literature supporting the notion that playing background music can improve a surgeon’s task performance and reduce performance stress. We present findings from our survey of surgeons about their perceptions of the effect of intra-operative music on their stress levels.
Method
Surgeons and registrars from three different specialties – general, vascular, and paediatric surgery – in a single tertiary centre were surveyed on their views on the effect of music in theatre. Two instruments were used to assess parameters of stress: the modified 6-point state trait anxiety inventory (STAI-6) and the surgical task load index (SURG-TLX).
Results
There were 35 respondents across the three surgical specialties (78% response rate). Pop and “easy listening” were the most popular genres. A majority felt music improved their temperament (75%) and perceived stress (63%). 59% of respondents reported no to low perceived anxiety with music, compared with 31% reporting moderate and 9% high anxiety based on STAI-6 parameters. Regarding SURG-TLX parameters and music, respondents overall perceived feeling less anxious, rushed and mentally fatigued though more distracted.
Conclusions
Music is generally thought to have positive subjective effects on the theatre environment with regards to anxiety levels, temperament, perceived stress, and parameters within the surgical task load index. This is counterbalanced by a smaller group of respondents who felt that music can impair communication and increase distraction within theatre. Music used appropriately may reduce perceptions of stress in theatre.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Pearson
- Department of Surgery, Wellington Hospital, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - A Narayanan
- Department of Surgery, Wellington Hospital, Wellington, New Zealand
- University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - J Fisher
- Department of Physiology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - M Khashram
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Waikato Hospital, Hamilton, New Zealand
- University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Narayanan A, Bhari N, Sreenivas V, Sharma VK, Sethuraman G. A split-tattoo randomized Q-switched neodymium-doped yttrium-aluminium-garnet laser trial comparing the efficacy of a novel three-pass, one-session method with a conventional method in the treatment of blue/black tattoos in darker skin types. Clin Exp Dermatol 2021; 47:125-128. [PMID: 34236705 DOI: 10.1111/ced.14827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Tattoos with blue/black ink show good lightening of pigment after treatment with 1064 nm Q-switched (QS) neodymium-doped yttrium-aluminium-garnet (Nd:YAG) laser. In this randomized trial, we compared the efficacy of a novel three pass, one session procedure (R15 method) with a conventional method for treating blue/black tattoos in darker skin types. Tattoos were treated with 1064 nm QS Nd:YAG Laser with a spot size of 4 mm, fluence of 5 J/cm2 and frequency of 5 Hz. The tattoo pigment lightening was comparable with both methods. Thread-like tattoos had significantly better pigment lightening with fewer side effects than the broad band-like tattoos. We would like to recommend the R15 method of the QS Nd:YAG laser for thread-like tattoos, which can save patients' time, cut short the frequency of their hospital visits and, more importantly, decrease the cost involved in it.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Narayanan
- Department of, Dermatology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - N Bhari
- Department of, Dermatology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - V Sreenivas
- Biostatistics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - V K Sharma
- Department of, Dermatology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - G Sethuraman
- Department of, Dermatology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Pearson L, Narayanan A, Fisher JP, Khashram M. 504 Can Measuring Heart Rate Variability in The Operating Surgeon Provide Insight into Intra-Operative Stress? A Literature Review and Direction for Research. Br J Surg 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znab134.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Stress affects the internal environment of the operating surgeon. Examining ways to mitigate this could prove important to the health of both surgeon, and patients.
Heart rate variability (HRV) is emerging as a novel, validated measure of autonomic nervous system (ANS) function with developing accessible and non-invasive technologies. HRV parameters correlate to ANS function and can be used to measure responses to various stimuli.
Method
A search strategy was developed to identify 23 articles that matched inclusion criteria. These included data collected intra-operatively with ambulatory monitoring, in simulated settings and one systematic review.
Results
Several studies found increased sympathetic response in the operating surgeon – which correlates with subjective reporting of stress. Some studies compared variables; one study suggested that laparoscopic colorectal surgery caused higher mental strain than open, while another suggested higher stress in surgeons while teaching compared to when primary operator. There have been no comparative trials using HRV in surgeons.
Conclusions
We present a review of the growing literature regarding HRV measurement in surgeons. This novel tool is a promising avenue to provide psychophysiological insight into the operating surgeon. This could guide future research into optimising the theatre environment for intra-operative performance using controlled or in-situ design.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Pearson
- Wellington Regional Hospital, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - A Narayanan
- Wellington Regional Hospital, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - J P Fisher
- University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - M Khashram
- University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Waikato Hospital, Hamilton, New Zealand
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Salganik MJ, Lundberg I, Kindel AT, Ahearn CE, Al-Ghoneim K, Almaatouq A, Altschul DM, Brand JE, Carnegie NB, Compton RJ, Datta D, Davidson T, Filippova A, Gilroy C, Goode BJ, Jahani E, Kashyap R, Kirchner A, McKay S, Morgan AC, Pentland A, Polimis K, Raes L, Rigobon DE, Roberts CV, Stanescu DM, Suhara Y, Usmani A, Wang EH, Adem M, Alhajri A, AlShebli B, Amin R, Amos RB, Argyle LP, Baer-Bositis L, Büchi M, Chung BR, Eggert W, Faletto G, Fan Z, Freese J, Gadgil T, Gagné J, Gao Y, Halpern-Manners A, Hashim SP, Hausen S, He G, Higuera K, Hogan B, Horwitz IM, Hummel LM, Jain N, Jin K, Jurgens D, Kaminski P, Karapetyan A, Kim EH, Leizman B, Liu N, Möser M, Mack AE, Mahajan M, Mandell N, Marahrens H, Mercado-Garcia D, Mocz V, Mueller-Gastell K, Musse A, Niu Q, Nowak W, Omidvar H, Or A, Ouyang K, Pinto KM, Porter E, Porter KE, Qian C, Rauf T, Sargsyan A, Schaffner T, Schnabel L, Schonfeld B, Sender B, Tang JD, Tsurkov E, van Loon A, Varol O, Wang X, Wang Z, Wang J, Wang F, Weissman S, Whitaker K, Wolters MK, Woon WL, Wu J, Wu C, Yang K, Yin J, Zhao B, Zhu C, Brooks-Gunn J, Engelhardt BE, Hardt M, Knox D, Levy K, Narayanan A, Stewart BM, Watts DJ, McLanahan S. Measuring the predictability of life outcomes with a scientific mass collaboration. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:8398-8403. [PMID: 32229555 PMCID: PMC7165437 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1915006117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
How predictable are life trajectories? We investigated this question with a scientific mass collaboration using the common task method; 160 teams built predictive models for six life outcomes using data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study, a high-quality birth cohort study. Despite using a rich dataset and applying machine-learning methods optimized for prediction, the best predictions were not very accurate and were only slightly better than those from a simple benchmark model. Within each outcome, prediction error was strongly associated with the family being predicted and weakly associated with the technique used to generate the prediction. Overall, these results suggest practical limits to the predictability of life outcomes in some settings and illustrate the value of mass collaborations in the social sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ian Lundberg
- Department of Sociology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544
| | | | - Caitlin E Ahearn
- Department of Sociology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | | | - Abdullah Almaatouq
- Sloan School of Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142
- Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Drew M Altschul
- Mental Health Data Science Scotland, Department of Psychology, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, United Kingdom
| | - Jennie E Brand
- Department of Sociology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
- Department of Statistics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | | | - Ryan James Compton
- Human Computer Interaction Lab, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064
| | - Debanjan Datta
- Discovery Analytics Center, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Arlington, VA 22203
| | - Thomas Davidson
- Department of Sociology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | | | - Connor Gilroy
- Department of Sociology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105
| | - Brian J Goode
- Social and Decision Analytics Laboratory, Fralin Life Sciences Institute, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Arlington, VA 22203
| | - Eaman Jahani
- Institute for Data, Systems and Society, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Ridhi Kashyap
- Department of Sociology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 1JD, United Kingdom
- Nuffield College, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 1NF, United Kingdom
- School of Anthropology and Museum Ethnography, University of Oxford, Oxford OX2 6PE, United Kingdom
| | - Antje Kirchner
- Program for Research in Survey Methodology, Survey Research Division, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709
| | - Stephen McKay
- School of Social and Political Sciences, University of Lincoln, Brayford Pool, Lincoln LN6 7TS, United Kingdom
| | - Allison C Morgan
- Department of Computer Science, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309
| | - Alex Pentland
- Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Kivan Polimis
- Center for the Study of Demography and Ecology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105
| | - Louis Raes
- Department of Economics, Tilburg School of Economics and Management, Tilburg University, 5037 AB Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel E Rigobon
- Department of Operations Research and Financial Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544
| | - Claudia V Roberts
- Department of Computer Science, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544
| | - Diana M Stanescu
- Department of Politics, Princeton University,Princeton, NJ, 08544
| | - Yoshihiko Suhara
- Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Adaner Usmani
- Department of Sociology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - Erik H Wang
- Department of Politics, Princeton University,Princeton, NJ, 08544
| | - Muna Adem
- Department of Sociology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405
| | - Abdulla Alhajri
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Bedoor AlShebli
- Computational Social Science Lab, Social Science Division, New York University Abu Dhabi, 129188 Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Redwane Amin
- Bendheim Center for Finance, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544
| | - Ryan B Amos
- Department of Computer Science, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544
| | - Lisa P Argyle
- Department of Political Science, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602
| | | | - Moritz Büchi
- Department of Communication and Media Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland, ZH-8050
| | - Bo-Ryehn Chung
- Center for Statistics & Machine Learning, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544
| | - William Eggert
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544
| | - Gregory Faletto
- Statistics Group, Department of Data Sciences and Operations, Marshall School of Business, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089
| | - Zhilin Fan
- Department of Statistics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027
| | - Jeremy Freese
- Department of Sociology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Tejomay Gadgil
- Center for Data Science, New York University, New York, NY 10011
| | - Josh Gagné
- Department of Sociology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Yue Gao
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Operations Research, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027
| | | | - Sonia P Hashim
- Department of Computer Science, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544
| | - Sonia Hausen
- Department of Sociology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Guanhua He
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544
| | - Kimberly Higuera
- Department of Sociology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Bernie Hogan
- Oxford Internet Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3JS, United Kingdom
| | - Ilana M Horwitz
- Graduate School of Education, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305
| | - Lisa M Hummel
- Department of Sociology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Naman Jain
- Department of Operations Research and Financial Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544
| | - Kun Jin
- Department of Computer Science, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - David Jurgens
- School of Information, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48104
| | - Patrick Kaminski
- Department of Sociology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405
- Center for Complex Networks and Systems Research, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405
| | - Areg Karapetyan
- Department of Computer Science, Masdar Institute, Khalifa University, 127788 Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Research Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - E H Kim
- Department of Sociology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Ben Leizman
- Department of Computer Science, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544
| | - Naijia Liu
- Department of Politics, Princeton University,Princeton, NJ, 08544
| | - Malte Möser
- Department of Computer Science, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544
| | - Andrew E Mack
- Department of Politics, Princeton University,Princeton, NJ, 08544
| | - Mayank Mahajan
- Department of Computer Science, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544
| | - Noah Mandell
- Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544
| | - Helge Marahrens
- Department of Sociology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405
| | | | - Viola Mocz
- Department of Neuroscience, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544
| | | | - Ahmed Musse
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544
| | - Qiankun Niu
- Bendheim Center for Finance, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544
| | | | - Hamidreza Omidvar
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544
| | - Andrew Or
- Department of Computer Science, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544
| | - Karen Ouyang
- Department of Computer Science, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544
| | - Katy M Pinto
- Department of Sociology, California State University, Dominguez Hills, Carson, CA 90747
| | - Ethan Porter
- School of Media and Public Affairs, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052
| | | | - Crystal Qian
- Department of Computer Science, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544
| | - Tamkinat Rauf
- Department of Sociology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Anahit Sargsyan
- Social Science Division, New York University Abu Dhabi, 129188 Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Thomas Schaffner
- Department of Computer Science, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544
| | - Landon Schnabel
- Department of Sociology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Bryan Schonfeld
- Department of Politics, Princeton University,Princeton, NJ, 08544
| | - Ben Sender
- Department of Economics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544
| | - Jonathan D Tang
- Department of Computer Science, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544
| | - Emma Tsurkov
- Department of Sociology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Austin van Loon
- Department of Sociology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Onur Varol
- Center for Complex Network Research, Northeastern University Networks Science Institute, Boston, MA 02115
- Luddy School of Informatics, Computing, & Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47408
| | - Xiafei Wang
- School of Social Work, David B. Falk College of Sport and Human Dynamics, Syracuse University, NY 13244
| | - Zhi Wang
- Luddy School of Informatics, Computing, & Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47408
- School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47408
| | - Julia Wang
- Department of Computer Science, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544
| | - Flora Wang
- Department of Economics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544
| | - Samantha Weissman
- Department of Computer Science, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544
| | - Kirstie Whitaker
- The Alan Turing Institute, London NW1 2DB, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SZ, United Kingdom
| | - Maria K Wolters
- School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9AB, United Kingdom
| | - Wei Lee Woon
- Department of Marketplaces & Yield Data Science, Expedia Group, Seattle, WA 98119
| | - James Wu
- Department of the Applied Statistics, Social Science, and Humanities, New York University, New York, NY 10003
| | - Catherine Wu
- Department of Computer Science, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544
| | - Kengran Yang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544
| | - Jingwen Yin
- Department of Statistics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027
| | - Bingyu Zhao
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1PZ, United Kingdom
| | - Chenyun Zhu
- Department of Statistics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027
| | - Jeanne Brooks-Gunn
- Department of Human Development, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027
- Department of Pediatrics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
| | - Barbara E Engelhardt
- Department of Computer Science, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544
- Center for Statistics & Machine Learning, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544
| | - Moritz Hardt
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Dean Knox
- Department of Politics, Princeton University,Princeton, NJ, 08544
| | - Karen Levy
- Department of Information Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Arvind Narayanan
- Department of Computer Science, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544
| | | | - Duncan J Watts
- Department of Computer and Information Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Annenberg School of Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Operations, Information and Decisions Department, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Sara McLanahan
- Department of Sociology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544;
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Rahulan V, Yadav P, Jindal A, Narayanan A, Balasubramani G, Dutta P, Attawar S. First Series of Combined Heart & Lung Transplantation from India. J Heart Lung Transplant 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2020.01.505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Natarajan K, Narayanan A, Hemapriya R, Swetha S, Jayashree R, Ninan B. Impact of elevated glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) on the outcome following coronary artery bypass graft surgery. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2019. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2019.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Narayanan A, Ramam M, Bhari N. Erythematous scaly facial plaques with overlying hair loss. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 2019; 85:347. [PMID: 30860166 DOI: 10.4103/ijdvl.ijdvl_501_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Narayanan
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - M Ramam
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Neetu Bhari
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Narayanan A, Verma S, Ramadan E, Babaie P, Zhang ZL. Making content caching policies 'smart' using the deepcache framework. SIGCOMM Comput Commun Rev 2019. [DOI: 10.1145/3310165.3310174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we present Deepcache a novel Framework for content caching, which can significantly boost cache performance. Our Framework is based on powerful deep recurrent neural network models. It comprises of two main components: i)
Object Characteristics Predictor,
which builds upon deep LSTM Encoder-Decoder model to predict the future characteristics of an object (such as object popularity) - to the best of our knowledge, we are the first to propose LSTM Encoder-Decoder model for content caching; ii)
a caching policy component,
which accounts for predicted information of objects to make smart caching decisions. In our thorough experiments, we show that applying Deepcache Framework to existing cache policies, such as LRU and k-LRU, significantly boosts the number of cache hits.
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Abstract
Stewards of social data face a fundamental tension. On one hand, they want to make their data accessible to as many researchers as possible to facilitate new discoveries. At the same time, they want to restrict access to their data as much as possible to protect the people represented in the data. In this article, we provide a case study addressing this common tension in an uncommon setting: the Fragile Families Challenge, a scientific mass collaboration designed to yield insights that could improve the lives of disadvantaged children in the United States. We describe our process of threat modeling, threat mitigation, and third-party guidance. We also describe the ethical principles that formed the basis of our process. We are open about our process and the trade-offs we made in the hope that others can improve on what we have done.
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Nguyen-Feng VN, Frazier PA, Stockness A, Narayanan A, Merians AN, Misono S. Web-Based Perceived Present Control Intervention for Voice Disorders: A Pilot Study. J Voice 2018; 34:300.e1-300.e9. [PMID: 30227981 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2018.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 08/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Voice disorders are common and negatively affect various life domains such as occupational functioning and emotional well-being. Perceived present control, a factor that is amenable to change, may reduce the effect of voice disorders on these outcomes. This pilot study aimed to (1) establish the feasibility, usability, and acceptability of a web-based perceived present control intervention for individuals with voice disorders and (2) gather preliminary data on the effectiveness of the intervention. This study is the first to assess whether a web-based psychological intervention would decrease self-reported voice handicap in this population. METHODS Participants (N = 20) were recruited from an otolaryngology clinic at a large, Midwest university and the surrounding urban community, and completed a 3-week web-based intervention that incorporated psychoeducation and written exercises on increasing perceived present control. RESULTS Supporting feasibility, the intervention components had high completion rates (75%-95%). Most participants planned to continue the perceived control exercises after study completion and would recommend the intervention to others, demonstrating usability and acceptability. There was a significant decrease in self-reported voice handicap (Voice Handicap Index-10) from pretest (M = 18.38, standard deviation = 4.41) to post-test (M = 15.22, standard deviation = 4.55) with a large effect size (within-group d = -0.86, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Focusing on perceived present control as a teachable skill may be a useful addition to voice disorder treatment armamentarium. Future studies will incorporate a comparison group and larger sample sizes to assess further the role of perceived present control interventions in voice care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viann N Nguyen-Feng
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Patricia A Frazier
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Ali Stockness
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Arvind Narayanan
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Addie N Merians
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Stephanie Misono
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
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Goldfeder S, Kalodner H, Reisman D, Narayanan A. When the cookie meets the blockchain: Privacy risks of web payments via cryptocurrencies. Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/popets-2018-0038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
We show how third-party web trackers can deanonymize users of cryptocurrencies. We present two distinct but complementary attacks. On most shopping websites, third party trackers receive information about user purchases for purposes of advertising and analytics. We show that, if the user pays using a cryptocurrency, trackers typically possess enough information about the purchase to uniquely identify the transaction on the blockchain, link it to the user’s cookie, and further to the user’s real identity. Our second attack shows that if the tracker is able to link two purchases of the same user to the blockchain in this manner, it can identify the user’s cluster of addresses and transactions on the blockchain, even if the user employs blockchain anonymity techniques such as CoinJoin. The attacks are passive and hence can be retroactively applied to past purchases. We discuss several mitigations, but none are perfect.
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Englehardt S, Han J, Narayanan A. I never signed up for this! Privacy implications of email tracking. Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/popets-2018-0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
We show that the simple act of viewing emails contains privacy pitfalls for the unwary. We assembled a corpus of commercial mailing-list emails, and find a network of hundreds of third parties that track email recipients via methods such as embedded pixels. About 30% of emails leak the recipient’s email address to one or more of these third parties when they are viewed. In the majority of cases, these leaks are intentional on the part of email senders, and further leaks occur if the recipient clicks links in emails. Mail servers and clients may employ a variety of defenses, but we analyze 16 servers and clients and find that they are far from comprehensive. We propose, prototype, and evaluate a new defense, namely stripping tracking tags from emails based on enhanced versions of existing web tracking protection lists.
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Caliskan A, Bryson JJ, Narayanan A. Semantics derived automatically from language corpora contain human-like biases. Science 2017; 356:183-186. [PMID: 28408601 DOI: 10.1126/science.aal4230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 352] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Machine learning is a means to derive artificial intelligence by discovering patterns in existing data. Here, we show that applying machine learning to ordinary human language results in human-like semantic biases. We replicated a spectrum of known biases, as measured by the Implicit Association Test, using a widely used, purely statistical machine-learning model trained on a standard corpus of text from the World Wide Web. Our results indicate that text corpora contain recoverable and accurate imprints of our historic biases, whether morally neutral as toward insects or flowers, problematic as toward race or gender, or even simply veridical, reflecting the status quo distribution of gender with respect to careers or first names. Our methods hold promise for identifying and addressing sources of bias in culture, including technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aylin Caliskan
- Center for Information Technology Policy, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.
| | - Joanna J Bryson
- Center for Information Technology Policy, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA. .,Department of Computer Science, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Arvind Narayanan
- Center for Information Technology Policy, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.
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Narayanan A, Wijnperlé D, Mugele F, Buchholz D, Vaalma C, Dou X, Passerini S, Duits M. Influence of electrochemical cycling on the rheo-impedance of anolytes for Li-based Semi Solid Flow Batteries. Electrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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22
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Freeman LM, Rodenberg C, Narayanan A, Olding J, Gooding MA, Koochaki PE. Development and initial validation of the Cat HEalth and Wellbeing (CHEW) Questionnaire: a generic health-related quality of life instrument for cats. J Feline Med Surg 2017; 18:689-701. [PMID: 27562979 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x16657386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aims of the study were to define factors that owners consider relevant to the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of cats, to develop an instrument based on this information, and to evaluate the validity and reliability of the final instrument (the Cat HEalth and Wellbeing [CHEW] Questionnaire). METHODS Psychometric research techniques and guidance from the US Food and Drug Administration on outcome measures were used to develop a valid and reliable instrument. Fifty-four cat owners and caregivers participated in the qualitative research, while 1303 cat owners were included in the quantitative validation phase (development dataset, n = 648; validation dataset, n = 655). A random subset of cat owners (n = 391) also participated in test-retest evaluation. Qualitative research was used to generate a draft instrument, which was then subjected to quantitative validation techniques. These included item reduction, domain identification, data quality assessment, and exploratory and confirmatory analysis to develop a final instrument, which underwent confirmatory reliability and validity assessment. RESULTS A draft instrument with 11 domains and 100 items based on qualitative research underwent online quantitative validation testing which refined the instrument to eight domains and 33 items. Confirmatory reliability and validity assessment showed that the final instrument had good validity, was able to discriminate between cats by age and overall health status, and demonstrated good internal and test-retest reliability. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The CHEW Questionnaire was developed and validated. Additional research is needed to verify its ability to differentiate cats with and without disease, and to assess its potential as a screening tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Freeman
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, MA 01536, USA
| | - Cindy Rodenberg
- Global Statistics and Data Management, The Procter & Gamble Company, Mason, OH 45040, USA
| | - A Narayanan
- Global Statistics and Data Management, The Procter & Gamble Company, Mason, OH 45040, USA
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Zook M, Barocas S, boyd D, Crawford K, Keller E, Gangadharan SP, Goodman A, Hollander R, Koenig BA, Metcalf J, Narayanan A, Nelson A, Pasquale F. Ten simple rules for responsible big data research. PLoS Comput Biol 2017; 13:e1005399. [PMID: 28358831 PMCID: PMC5373508 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Zook
- Department of Geography, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Solon Barocas
- Microsoft Research, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - danah boyd
- Microsoft Research, New York, New York, United States of America
- Data & Society, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Kate Crawford
- Microsoft Research, New York, New York, United States of America
- Information Law Institute, New York University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Emily Keller
- Data & Society, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Seeta Peña Gangadharan
- Department of Media and Communications, London School of Economics, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alyssa Goodman
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Rachelle Hollander
- Center for Engineering Ethics and Society, National Academy of Engineering, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Barbara A. Koenig
- Institute for Health Aging, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Jacob Metcalf
- Ethical Resolve, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
| | - Arvind Narayanan
- Department of Computer Science, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Alondra Nelson
- Department of Sociology, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Frank Pasquale
- Carey School of Law, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
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Ribeiro M, Moreli J, Marques R, Papa M, Meuren L, Rahal P, Arruda L, Oliani A, Oliani D, Oliani S, Narayanan A, Nogueira M. Study of zika virus infection in human placenta explants. Placenta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2017.01.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Narayanan A, Subramaniam KVL. Damage assessment in concrete structures using piezoelectric based sensors. Revista de la Asociación Latinoamericana de Control de Calidad, Patología y Recuperación de la Construcción 2017. [DOI: 10.21041/ra.v7i1.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Damage assessment in concrete structures using piezoelectric based sensorsABSTRACTPiezoelectric based PZT (Lead Zirconate Titanate) smart sensors offer significant potential for continuously monitoring the development and progression of internal damage in concrete structures. Changes in the resonant behavior in the measured electrical conductance obtained from electro-mechanical (EM) response of a PZT bonded to a concrete substrate is investigated for increasing levels of damage. Changes in the conductance resonant signature from EM conductance measurements are detected before visible signs of cracking. The root mean square deviation of the conductance signature at resonant peaks is shown to accurately reflect the level of damage in the substrate. The findings presented here provide a basis for developing a sensing methodology using PZT patches for continuous monitoring of concrete structures.Keywords: PZT; electro-mechanical impedance; conductance; microcracks.Evaluación de daños en estructuras de concreto utilizando sensores piezoeléctricosRESUMENLos sensores inteligentes PZT (Lead Zirconate Titanate) basados en piezoeléctricos ofrecen un potencial significativo para monitorear continuamente el desarrollo y la progresión de los daños internos en estructuras de concreto. Se investigan los cambios en el comportamiento resonante a través de la conductancia eléctrica medida, obtenida a partir de la respuesta electromecánica (EM) de un PZT unido a un sustrato de concreto para aumentar los niveles de daño. Los cambios en la resonancia de la conductancia EM se detectan antes de que aparezcan signos visibles de agrietamiento. La desviación cuadrática media de la raíz de la conductancia en los picos resonantes refleja con precisión el nivel de daño en el sustrato. Los hallazgos presentados aquí proporcionan una base para desarrollar una metodología de detección utilizando parches PZT para el monitoreo continuo de estructuras de concreto.Palabras clave: PZT; impedancia electromecánica; conductancia; microfisuras.Avaliação de danos em estruturas de concreto usando sensores piezoelétricos RESUMOOs sensores piezoelétricos inteligentes PZT (Lead Zirconate Titanate) oferecem um potencial significativo para o monitoramento contínuo do desenvolvimento e progressão de danos internos em estruturas de concreto. As alterações de ressonância através da medida da condutância elétrica obtida a partir da resposta eletromecânica (EM) de um PZT ligado a um substrato de concreto é investigada para níveis crescentes de danos. As alterações no perfil de ressonância de condutância EM são detectadas antes de sinais visíveis de fissuras. O desvio quadrático médio da raiz do perfil de condutância nos picos ressonantes é mostrado para refletir com precisão o nível de dano no substrato. Os resultados aqui apresentados fornecem uma base para o desenvolvimento de uma metodologia de detecção usando PZT para monitoramento contínuo de estruturas de concretoPalavras chave: PZT; impedância eletromecânica; condutância; microfissuras.
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Narayanan A, Muyyarikkandy MS, Mooyottu S, Venkitanarayanan K, Amalaradjou MAR. Oral supplementation of trans-cinnamaldehyde reduces uropathogenic Escherichia coli colonization in a mouse model. Lett Appl Microbiol 2017; 64:192-197. [PMID: 28063174 DOI: 10.1111/lam.12713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) in the United States result in more than 7 million hospital visits per year. Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is responsible for more than 80% of UTIs. Although antibiotics are the drug of choice to control UTIs, their repeated use has resulted in the emergence of antibiotic-resistant UPEC. Thus, there is a need for effective alternate strategies to control UPEC infections. This study investigated the efficacy of trans-cinnamaldehyde (TC), a food-grade molecule present in cinnamon, in reducing UPEC colonization and pathogenesis in the lower UTI. Female C57BL/6 mice (6-8 weeks old) were fed ad libitum with 0, 0·1, 0·2 and 0·4% TC containing mouse chow for 10 days. Following TC supplementation, animals were experimentally infected with UPEC by transurethral catheterization. Mice were euthanized on days 1, 2 and 4 postinfection, and the bladder, urethra and urine were collected for bacterial enumeration. Prophylactic TC supplementation significantly (P ≤ 0·05) reduced UPEC colonization in the urinary bladder and urethra compared to the control. Results indicate that TC could potentially be used as an oral supplement to control UPEC-associated lower UTIs, however, follow-up clinical trials are warranted. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY In this study, we have demonstrated that oral supplementation of trans-cinnamaldehyde (TC) reduced uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC)-associated lower urinary tract infection (UTI) in mice. Specifically, in-feed supplementation of TC significantly decreased UPEC populations in the urethra and bladder, thereby reducing the infectious load. These findings are particularly significant given the increase in incidence and prevalence of antibiotic-resistant UTIs. Our study offers new insights into the potential use of natural antimicrobials including TC, the active ingredient in cinnamon, as a nonantibiotic-based natural dietary intervention in the prophylaxis of lower UTIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Narayanan
- Department of Psychology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - M S Muyyarikkandy
- Department of Animal Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - S Mooyottu
- Department of Animal Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - K Venkitanarayanan
- Department of Animal Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - M A R Amalaradjou
- Department of Animal Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
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Chen P, Olsson Gisleskog P, Perez-Ruixo JJ, Xiao J, Wilkins J, Narayanan A, Gibbs JP, Melhem M. Population Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of the Calcimimetic Etelcalcetide in Chronic Kidney Disease and Secondary Hyperparathyroidism Receiving Hemodialysis. CPT Pharmacometrics Syst Pharmacol 2016; 5:484-94. [PMID: 27639083 PMCID: PMC5036423 DOI: 10.1002/psp4.12106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Etelcalcetide is a novel calcimimetic in development for the treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT). A population pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) model was developed relating etelcalcetide exposures to markers of efficacy (parathyroid hormone [PTH]) and safety (calcium) using data from three clinical studies. The semimechanistic model was developed that included allosteric activation pharmacology and understanding of calcium homeostasis. The temporal profiles for all biomarkers were well described by the model. The cooperativity constant was 4.94, confirming allosteric activation mechanism. Subjects with more severe disease (higher PTH baseline) were predicted to experience less pronounced reduction in PTH (percentage change from baseline), but more reduction in calcium (Ca; percentage change from baseline). There was no evidence that dose adjustment by any covariate was needed. Model‐based simulations provided quantitative support to several elements of dosing, such as starting dose, monitoring, and titration timing for registration trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Modeling, and Simulation, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California, USA
| | | | - J J Perez-Ruixo
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Modeling, and Simulation, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California, USA.,Current address: Janssen Research & Development, Beerse, Belgium
| | - J Xiao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Modeling, and Simulation, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California, USA.,Clovis Oncology Inc., San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - A Narayanan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Modeling, and Simulation, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California, USA
| | - J P Gibbs
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Modeling, and Simulation, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California, USA
| | - M Melhem
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Modeling, and Simulation, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California, USA.
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Narayanan A. Inaccessible Masturbation, Impossible Mourning: Collective Melancholia, the Prohibition on Female Sexual Subjects in India, and Masturbation Fantasy as a Zone of the Strange. Psychoanal Rev 2015; 102:803-826. [PMID: 26653059 DOI: 10.1521/prev.2015.102.6.803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This paper explores a subjective experience-and identification-that a cohort of Indian women identifies as "home." This experience of "home" provides an attachment to a collective melancholia that keeps in place a prohibited female sexual subjectivity. The paper provides a brief historical overview of the prohibition of female sexual subjectivity and erotic agency in India. Following this, it discusses women's masturbation fantasies that illustrate the toggle between women's permitted and prohibited identifications. A clinical case example is presented to illustrate the hopelessness and mourning inherent in the psychoanalytic journey into subjectivity, a journey involving a departure from a shared cultural history.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Narayanan
- 1040/2A Design Valley, Defense Colony, Bardez 403510, Goa, India. E-mail:
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Watson MD, Yamashita T, Kasahara S, Knafo W, Nardone M, Béard J, Hardy F, McCollam A, Narayanan A, Blake SF, Wolf T, Haghighirad AA, Meingast C, Schofield AJ, V Löhneysen H, Matsuda Y, Coldea AI, Shibauchi T. Publisher's Note: Dichotomy between the Hole and Electron Behavior in Multiband Superconductor FeSe Probed by Ultrahigh Magnetic Fields [Phys. Rev. Lett. 115, 027006 (2015)]. Phys Rev Lett 2015; 115:219902. [PMID: 26636880 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.115.219902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
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Narayanan A, Watson MD, Blake SF, Bruyant N, Drigo L, Chen YL, Prabhakaran D, Yan B, Felser C, Kong T, Canfield PC, Coldea AI. Linear magnetoresistance caused by mobility fluctuations in n-doped Cd(3)As(2). Phys Rev Lett 2015; 114:117201. [PMID: 25839304 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.114.117201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Cd(3)As(2) is a candidate three-dimensional Dirac semimetal which has exceedingly high mobility and nonsaturating linear magnetoresistance that may be relevant for future practical applications. We report magnetotransport and tunnel diode oscillation measurements on Cd(3)As(2), in magnetic fields up to 65 T and temperatures between 1.5 and 300 K. We find that the nonsaturating linear magnetoresistance persists up to 65 T and it is likely caused by disorder effects, as it scales with the high mobility rather than directly linked to Fermi surface changes even when approaching the quantum limit. From the observed quantum oscillations, we determine the bulk three-dimensional Fermi surface having signatures of Dirac behavior with a nontrivial Berry phase shift, very light effective quasiparticle masses, and clear deviations from the band-structure predictions. In very high fields we also detect signatures of large Zeeman spin splitting (g∼16).
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Affiliation(s)
- A Narayanan
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - M D Watson
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - S F Blake
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - N Bruyant
- Laboratoire National des Champs Magnetiques Intenses (CNRS), 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - L Drigo
- Laboratoire National des Champs Magnetiques Intenses (CNRS), 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Y L Chen
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - D Prabhakaran
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - B Yan
- Max-Planck-Institut fur Chemische Physik fester Stoffe, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - C Felser
- Laboratoire National des Champs Magnetiques Intenses (CNRS), 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - T Kong
- Ames Laboratory, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - P C Canfield
- Ames Laboratory, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - A I Coldea
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
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Narayanan A, Russell MD, Sundararaman S, Shankar KK, Artman B. Takotsubo cardiomyopathy following electroconvulsive therapy: an increasingly recognised phenomenon. BMJ Case Rep 2014; 2014:bcr-2014-206816. [PMID: 25425252 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2014-206816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment of patients with severe depressive illnesses requiring electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is challenging. This is compounded by the presence of physical comorbidities and potential complications. We report the case of a patient, on long-term bisoprolol, who developed acute epigastric pain and dyspnoea shortly after receiving ECT for treatment-refractory depression. An ECG showed new-onset ischaemic changes and a troponin-I level was elevated at 12 h. A diagnosis of Takotsubo cardiomyopathy was reached following angiography, which demonstrated left ventricular hypokinesia in the absence of coronary artery disease. With supportive treatment the patient made a good recovery. This report highlights the risk of developing Takotsubo cardiomyopathy following ECT despite β-adrenergic receptor blockade, and adds to a growing number of cases reporting this complication. Clinicians involved in the care of patients undergoing ECT must be aware of this complication and should consider Takotsubo cardiomyopathy in patients who develop atypical chest pain after ECT.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Narayanan
- Lister Hospital, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - M D Russell
- Lister Hospital, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, UK
| | | | - K K Shankar
- Lister Hospital, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - B Artman
- Lister Hospital, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, UK
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Abstract
Current models of protecting human subjects create a zero-sum game of privacy versus data utility. We propose shifting the paradigm to techniques that facilitate trust between researchers and participants. Fulfilling the promise of the genetic revolution requires the analysis of large datasets containing information from thousands to millions of participants. However, sharing human genomic data requires protecting subjects from potential harm. Current models rely on de-identification techniques in which privacy versus data utility becomes a zero-sum game. Instead, we propose the use of trust-enabling techniques to create a solution in which researchers and participants both win. To do so we introduce three principles that facilitate trust in genetic research and outline one possible framework built upon those principles. Our hope is that such trust-centric frameworks provide a sustainable solution that reconciles genetic privacy with data sharing and facilitates genetic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaniv Erlich
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Nine Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | | | - David Glazer
- Google Inc., Mountain View, California, United States of America
| | - Kenneth Yocum
- Illumina Inc., San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Nita Farahany
- Duke University School of Law, Duke Science & Society, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Maynard Olson
- University of Washington, Port Orford, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Arvind Narayanan
- Department of Computer Science, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Lincoln D. Stein
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jan A. Witkowski
- Banbury Center, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Huntington, New York, United States of America
| | - Robert C. Kain
- Illumina Inc., San Diego, California, United States of America
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Narayanan A, Greco M. The Dental Practice Questionnaire: a patient feedback tool for improving the quality of dental practices. Aust Dent J 2014; 59:334-48. [PMID: 24890026 DOI: 10.1111/adj.12200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The recently introduced Practice Accreditation Scheme as part of the Australian National Safety and Quality Health Service (NSQHS) standards raises the question of how dental practices can implement valid and reliable patient experience feedback mechanisms for performance evaluation and enhancement. This article describes the development and use of a dental patient questionnaire (DPQ) that can be used for this purpose. METHODS DPQ was piloted on 58 voluntary dental practices across Australia and resulted in an average of just over 50 patient responses to 35 practices returned. Statistical properties of the DPQ were tested through validity (construct, content and criterion), structural integrity and reliability measurements. RESULTS DPQ is valid and reliable, with statistical analysis showing that there are significant differences in patients' scores depending on their age, gender, regularity of visit and number of years attending the practice. Two patient satisfaction models were derived. However, there may be scope for improving DPQ to more effectively produce patient feedback on summative aspects of services provided by dental practices. CONCLUSIONS DPQ has been shown to be 'fit for purpose' in its first pilot and may prove to be a useful tool for supporting dental practices in the Practice Accreditation Scheme.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Narayanan
- Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
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Tsien C, Garber A, Narayanan A, Shah SN, Barnes D, Eghtesad B, Fung J, McCullough AJ, Dasarathy S. Post-liver transplantation sarcopenia in cirrhosis: a prospective evaluation. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2014. [PMID: 24443785 DOI: 10.1111/jgh] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Pre-transplant sarcopenia (reduced skeletal muscle mass) predicts poor outcome in cirrhosis. In contrast, whether muscle mass increases post-orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) is not known and was studied prospectively. METHODS Consecutive patients who underwent a comprehensive nutritional evaluation in a liver transplant nutrition clinic were included. Core abdominal muscle area was measured on abdominal computed tomography obtained pre- and post-OLT. Age- and gender-based controls were used to define sarcopenia. Measures of body composition pre-transplant were correlated with computed tomography measurements. Predictors and clinical impact of post-OLT change in muscle area were examined. In three subjects post-OLT and three controls, expression of genes regulating skeletal muscle mass were quantified. RESULTS During the study period, 53 patients (M:F 41:12; age 56.9 ± 7.5 years) were followed up after OLT for 19.3 ± 9 months. Five patients died and another five had acute graft rejection. Pre-OLT sarcopenia was present in 33 (66.2%). Pre-transplant clinical characteristics including Child's score, MELD score, and nutritional status or post-transplantation immunosuppression regimen did not predict post-transplant change in muscle mass. New onset post-OLT sarcopenia developed in 14 patients. Loss of muscle mass post-OLT increased risk of diabetes mellitus and a trend toward higher mortality. Skeletal muscle expression of myostatin was higher and that of ubiquitin proteasome proteolytic components lower post-OLT than in controls. CONCLUSIONS Post-transplantation sarcopenia is common and could not be attributed to pre-transplant characteristics or the type or duration of post-OLT immunosuppression. Post-transplant sarcopenia contributes to adverse consequences and strategies targeting myostatin may be beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Tsien
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Abstract
We are entering an era of ubiquitous genetic information for research, clinical care and personal curiosity. Sharing these data sets is vital for progress in biomedical research. However, a growing concern is the ability to protect the genetic privacy of the data originators. Here, we present an overview of genetic privacy breaching strategies. We outline the principles of each technique, indicate the underlying assumptions, and assess their technological complexity and maturation. We then review potential mitigation methods for privacy-preserving dissemination of sensitive data and highlight different cases that are relevant to genetic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaniv Erlich
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Nine Cambridge Center,
Cambridge, MA USA 02142
| | - Arvind Narayanan
- Department of Computer Science, Princeton University, 35 Olden Street,
Princeton, NJ USA 08540
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Tsien C, Garber A, Narayanan A, Shah SN, Barnes D, Eghtesad B, Fung J, McCullough AJ, Dasarathy S. Post-liver transplantation sarcopenia in cirrhosis: a prospective evaluation. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2014; 29:1250-7. [PMID: 24443785 PMCID: PMC4024321 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.12524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Pre-transplant sarcopenia (reduced skeletal muscle mass) predicts poor outcome in cirrhosis. In contrast, whether muscle mass increases post-orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) is not known and was studied prospectively. METHODS Consecutive patients who underwent a comprehensive nutritional evaluation in a liver transplant nutrition clinic were included. Core abdominal muscle area was measured on abdominal computed tomography obtained pre- and post-OLT. Age- and gender-based controls were used to define sarcopenia. Measures of body composition pre-transplant were correlated with computed tomography measurements. Predictors and clinical impact of post-OLT change in muscle area were examined. In three subjects post-OLT and three controls, expression of genes regulating skeletal muscle mass were quantified. RESULTS During the study period, 53 patients (M:F 41:12; age 56.9 ± 7.5 years) were followed up after OLT for 19.3 ± 9 months. Five patients died and another five had acute graft rejection. Pre-OLT sarcopenia was present in 33 (66.2%). Pre-transplant clinical characteristics including Child's score, MELD score, and nutritional status or post-transplantation immunosuppression regimen did not predict post-transplant change in muscle mass. New onset post-OLT sarcopenia developed in 14 patients. Loss of muscle mass post-OLT increased risk of diabetes mellitus and a trend toward higher mortality. Skeletal muscle expression of myostatin was higher and that of ubiquitin proteasome proteolytic components lower post-OLT than in controls. CONCLUSIONS Post-transplantation sarcopenia is common and could not be attributed to pre-transplant characteristics or the type or duration of post-OLT immunosuppression. Post-transplant sarcopenia contributes to adverse consequences and strategies targeting myostatin may be beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Tsien
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland OH
| | - Ari Garber
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland OH
| | - Arvind Narayanan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland OH
| | - Shetal N Shah
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland OH
| | - David Barnes
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland OH
| | - Bijan Eghtesad
- Department of Transplant Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland OH
| | - John Fung
- Department of Transplant Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland OH
| | - Arthur J McCullough
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland OH
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Previsich
- Director, Environmental Issues Division Centre for Food-borne, Environmental and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases Public Health Agency of Canada 200 Eglantine Driveway, AL 1908B Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - A. Narayanan
- Analyst, Environmental Issues Division Centre for Food-borne, Environmental and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Public Health Agency of Canada, 200 Eglantine Driveway, AL 1908B, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - M.D. Fleury
- Biostatistician/Epidemiologist Environmental Issues Division Centre for Food-borne, Environmental and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases Public Health Agency of Canada 255 Woodlawn Road West, Unit 120 Guelph, Ontario, N1H 8J1, Canada
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Qiu J, Tsien C, Thapalaya S, Narayanan A, Weihl CC, Ching JK, Eghtesad B, Singh K, Fu X, Dubyak G, McDonald C, Almasan A, Hazen SL, Naga Prasad SV, Dasarathy S. Hyperammonemia-mediated autophagy in skeletal muscle contributes to sarcopenia of cirrhosis. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2012; 303:E983-93. [PMID: 22895779 PMCID: PMC3469607 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00183.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Hyperammonemia and sarcopenia (loss of skeletal muscle) are consistent abnormalities in cirrhosis and portosystemic shunting. We have shown that muscle ubiquitin-proteasome components are not increased with hyperammonemia despite sarcopenia. This suggests that an alternative mechanism of proteolysis contributes to sarcopenia in cirrhosis. We hypothesized that autophagy could be this alternative pathway since we observed increases in classic autophagy markers, increased LC3 lipidation, beclin-1 expression, and p62 degradation in immunoblots of skeletal muscle protein in cirrhotic patients. We observed similar changes in these autophagy markers in the portacaval anastamosis (PCA) rat model. To determine the mechanistic relationship between hyperammonemia and autophagy, we exposed murine C(2)C(12) myotubes to ammonium acetate. Significant increases in LC3 lipidation, beclin-1 expression, and p62 degradation occurred by 1 h, whereas autophagy gene expression (LC3, Atg5, Atg7, beclin-1) increased at 24 h. C(2)C(12) cells stably expressing GFP-LC3 or GFP-mCherry-LC3 constructs showed increased formation of mature autophagosomes supported by electron microscopic studies. Hyperammonemia also increased autophagic flux in mice, as quantified by an in vivo autophagometer. Because hyperammonemia induces nitration of proteins in astrocytes, we quantified global muscle protein nitration in cirrhotic patients, in the PCA rat, and in C(2)C(12) cells treated with ammonium acetate. Increased protein nitration was observed in all of these systems. Furthermore, colocalization of nitrated proteins with GFP-LC3-positive puncta in hyperammonemic C(2)C(12) cells suggested that autophagy is involved in degradation of nitrated proteins. These observations show that increased skeletal muscle autophagy in cirrhosis is mediated by hyperammonemia and may contribute to sarcopenia of cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Qiu
- Departments of Pathobiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
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Bhade SPD, Reddy PJ, Narayanan A, Narayan KK, Babu DAR, Sharma DN. Standardization of calibration procedures for quantification of gross alpha and gross beta activities using liquid scintillation counter. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-010-0522-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Palthi A, Narayanan A, Thakur M. Photo-induced Charge-transfer and Photovoltaic Effect in a Composite Involving a Nonconjugated Conductive Polymer and C60. Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part A 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/10601320903539348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Reddy P, Bhade S, Narayan K, Narayanan A, Babu D, Sharma D. Comparative study of different methods for the activity quantification of 3H and 14C radionuclides in dual labeled samples using liquid scintillation analyzer. Appl Radiat Isot 2009; 67:1945-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2009.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2008] [Revised: 06/01/2009] [Accepted: 07/03/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Narayanan A, Thorburn K, Baines P. Autopsies in children continue to reveal unanticipated discrepancies between autopsy findings and antemortem clinical diagnoses. Arch Dis Child 2009; 94:645. [PMID: 19628884 DOI: 10.1136/adc.2008.150417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Narayanan A, Palthi A, Thakur M. Electrical and Optical Properties of a Novel Nonconjugated Conductive Polymer, Polynorbornene. Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part A 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/10601320902732654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Tangri VK, Mohan S, Narayanan A, Narayan KK. Measurement and Monitoring of Tritium and Other Critical Issues in Lead Lithium Ceramic Breeder (LLCB). Fusion Science and Technology 2008. [DOI: 10.13182/fst08-a1776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - A. Narayanan
- Radiation Safety Systems Division Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, India
| | - K. K. Narayan
- Radiation Safety Systems Division Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, India
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Campbell JL, Richards SH, Dickens A, Greco M, Narayanan A, Brearley S. Assessing the professional performance of UK doctors: an evaluation of the utility of the General Medical Council patient and colleague questionnaires. Qual Saf Health Care 2008; 17:187-93. [DOI: 10.1136/qshc.2007.024679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Narayanan A, Ramamurthy V, Duin E, Thakur M. EPR Spectroscopic Studies of Radical Cations in a Novel Nonconjugated Conductive Polymer, Poly(β‐pinene). Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part A 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/10601320701787016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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