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Lubkin A, Lionakis MS. Candida lipase packs a punch against IL-17. Cell Host Microbe 2022; 30:1503-1505. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2022.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Vasquez MT, Lubkin A, Reyes-Robles T, Day CJ, Lacey KA, Jennings MP, Torres VJ. Identification of a domain critical for Staphylococcus aureus LukED receptor targeting and lysis of erythrocytes. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:17241-17250. [PMID: 33051210 PMCID: PMC7863875 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.015757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukocidin ED (LukED) is a pore-forming toxin produced by Staphylococcus aureus, which lyses host cells and promotes virulence of the bacteria. LukED enables S. aureus to acquire iron by lysing erythrocytes, which depends on targeting the host receptor Duffy antigen receptor for chemokines (DARC). The toxin also targets DARC on the endothelium, contributing to the lethality observed during bloodstream infection in mice. LukED is comprised of two monomers: LukE and LukD. LukE binds to DARC and facilitates hemolysis, but the closely related Panton-Valentine leukocidin S (LukS-PV) does not bind to DARC and is not hemolytic. The interaction of LukE with DARC and the role this plays in hemolysis are incompletely characterized. To determine the domain(s) of LukE that are critical for DARC binding, we studied the hemolytic function of LukE-LukS-PV chimeras, in which areas of sequence divergence (divergence regions, or DRs) were swapped between the toxins. We found that two regions of LukE's rim domain contribute to hemolysis, namely residues 57-75 (DR1) and residues 182-196 (DR4). Interestingly, LukE DR1 is sufficient to render LukS-PV capable of DARC binding and hemolysis. Further, LukE, by binding DARC through DR1, promotes the recruitment of LukD to erythrocytes, likely by facilitating LukED oligomer formation. Finally, we show that LukE targets murine Darc through DR1 in vivo to cause host lethality. These findings expand our biochemical understanding of the LukE-DARC interaction and the role that this toxin-receptor pair plays in S. aureus pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilyn T Vasquez
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ashira Lubkin
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Tamara Reyes-Robles
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Christopher J Day
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Keenan A Lacey
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Michael P Jennings
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Victor J Torres
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.
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Chan R, Buckley PT, O'Malley A, Sause WE, Alonzo F, Lubkin A, Boguslawski KM, Payne A, Fernandez J, Strohl WR, Whitaker B, Lynch AS, Torres VJ. Identification of biologic agents to neutralize the bicomponent leukocidins of Staphylococcus aureus. Sci Transl Med 2020; 11:11/475/eaat0882. [PMID: 30651319 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aat0882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A key aspect underlying the severity of infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus is the abundance of virulence factors that the pathogen uses to thwart critical components of the human immune response. One such mechanism involves the destruction of host immune cells by cytolytic toxins secreted by S. aureus, including five bicomponent leukocidins: PVL, HlgAB, HlgCB, LukED, and LukAB. Purified leukocidins can lyse immune cells ex vivo, and systemic injections of purified LukED or HlgAB can acutely kill mice. Here, we describe the generation and characterization of centyrins that bind S. aureus leukocidins with high affinity and protect primary human immune cells from toxin-mediated cytolysis. Centyrins are small protein scaffolds derived from the fibronectin type III-binding domain of the human protein tenascin-C. Although centyrins are potent in tissue culture assays, their short serum half-lives limit their efficacies in vivo. By extending the serum half-lives of centyrins through their fusion to an albumin-binding consensus domain, we demonstrate the in vivo efficacy of these biologics in a murine intoxication model and in models of both prophylactic and therapeutic treatment of live S. aureus systemic infections. These biologics that target S. aureus virulence factors have potential for treating and preventing serious staphylococcal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Chan
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, Alexandria Center for Life Science, 430 East 29th Street, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Peter T Buckley
- Janssen Research & Development, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, PA, 19477, USA
| | - Aidan O'Malley
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, Alexandria Center for Life Science, 430 East 29th Street, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - William E Sause
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, Alexandria Center for Life Science, 430 East 29th Street, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Francis Alonzo
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, Alexandria Center for Life Science, 430 East 29th Street, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Ashira Lubkin
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, Alexandria Center for Life Science, 430 East 29th Street, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Kristina M Boguslawski
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, Alexandria Center for Life Science, 430 East 29th Street, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Angela Payne
- Janssen Research & Development, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, PA, 19477, USA
| | - Jeffrey Fernandez
- Janssen Research & Development, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, PA, 19477, USA
| | - William R Strohl
- Janssen Research & Development, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, PA, 19477, USA
| | - Brian Whitaker
- Janssen Research & Development, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, PA, 19477, USA
| | - Anthony Simon Lynch
- Janssen Research & Development, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, PA, 19477, USA.
| | - Victor J Torres
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, Alexandria Center for Life Science, 430 East 29th Street, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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Lubkin A, Lee WL, Alonzo F, Wang C, Aligo J, Keller M, Girgis NM, Reyes-Robles T, Chan R, O'Malley A, Buckley P, Vozhilla N, Vasquez MT, Su J, Sugiyama M, Yeung ST, Coffre M, Bajwa S, Chen E, Martin P, Kim SY, Loomis C, Worthen GS, Shopsin B, Khanna KM, Weinstock D, Lynch AS, Koralov SB, Loke P, Cadwell K, Torres VJ. Staphylococcus aureus Leukocidins Target Endothelial DARC to Cause Lethality in Mice. Cell Host Microbe 2019; 25:463-470.e9. [PMID: 30799265 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2019.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of Staphylococcus aureus is thought to depend on the production of pore-forming leukocidins that kill leukocytes and lyse erythrocytes. Two leukocidins, Leukocidin ED (LukED) and γ-Hemolysin AB (HlgAB), are necessary and sufficient to kill mice upon infection and toxin challenge. We demonstrate that LukED and HlgAB cause vascular congestion and derangements in vascular fluid distribution that rapidly cause death in mice. The Duffy antigen receptor for chemokines (DARC) on endothelial cells, rather than leukocytes or erythrocytes, is the critical target for lethality. Consistent with this, LukED and HlgAB injure primary human endothelial cells in a DARC-dependent manner, and mice with DARC-deficient endothelial cells are resistant to toxin-mediated lethality. During bloodstream infection in mice, DARC targeting by S. aureus causes increased tissue damage, organ dysfunction, and host death. The potential for S. aureus leukocidins to manipulate vascular integrity highlights the importance of these virulence factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashira Lubkin
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Warren L Lee
- Keenan Research Centre, St Michael's Hospital, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada; Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Francis Alonzo
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Changsen Wang
- Keenan Research Centre, St Michael's Hospital, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada
| | - Jason Aligo
- Janssen Research & Development LLC, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, PA 19477, USA
| | - Matthew Keller
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine at the Skirball Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Natasha M Girgis
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Tamara Reyes-Robles
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Rita Chan
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Aidan O'Malley
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Peter Buckley
- Janssen Research & Development LLC, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, PA 19477, USA
| | - Nikollaq Vozhilla
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Marilyn T Vasquez
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Johnny Su
- Keenan Research Centre, St Michael's Hospital, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada
| | - Michael Sugiyama
- Keenan Research Centre, St Michael's Hospital, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada
| | - Stephen T Yeung
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Maryaline Coffre
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sofia Bajwa
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eric Chen
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Patricia Martin
- Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine at the Skirball Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Sang Y Kim
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Office of Collaborative Sciences, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Pathology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Cynthia Loomis
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Office of Collaborative Sciences, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Pathology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - G Scott Worthen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Division of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Bo Shopsin
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Kamal M Khanna
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Daniel Weinstock
- Janssen Research & Development LLC, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, PA 19477, USA
| | - Anthony Simon Lynch
- Janssen Research & Development LLC, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, PA 19477, USA
| | - Sergei B Koralov
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - P'ng Loke
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Ken Cadwell
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine at the Skirball Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Victor J Torres
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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Lubkin A, Torres VJ. Bacteria and endothelial cells: a toxic relationship. Curr Opin Microbiol 2016; 35:58-63. [PMID: 28013162 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2016.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 11/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Pathogenic bacteria use the bloodstream as a highway for getting around the body, and thus have to find ways to enter and exit through the endothelium. Many bacteria approach this problem by producing toxins that can breach the endothelial barrier through diverse creative mechanisms, including directly killing endothelial cells (ECs), weakening the cytoskeleton within ECs, and breaking the junctions between ECs. Toxins can also modulate the immune response by influencing endothelial biology, and can modulate endothelial function by influencing the response of leukocytes. Understanding these interactions, in both the in vitro and in vivo contexts, is of critical importance for designing new therapies for sepsis and other severe bacterial diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashira Lubkin
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, United States
| | - Victor J Torres
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, United States.
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Reyes-Robles T, Lubkin A, Alonzo F, Lacy DB, Torres VJ. Exploiting dominant-negative toxins to combat Staphylococcus aureus pathogenesis. EMBO Rep 2016; 17:780. [PMID: 27139260 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201670010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Reyes-Robles T, Lubkin A, Alonzo F, Lacy DB, Torres VJ. Exploiting dominant-negative toxins to combat Staphylococcus aureus pathogenesis. EMBO Rep 2016; 17:428-40. [PMID: 26882549 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201540994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a human pathogen that relies on the subversion of host phagocytes to support its pathogenic lifestyle. S. aureus strains can produce up to five beta-barrel, bi-component, pore-forming leukocidins that target and kill host phagocytes. Thus, preventing immune cell killing by these toxins is likely to boost host immunity. Here, we describe the identification of glycine-rich motifs within the membrane-penetrating stem domains of the leukocidin subunits that are critical for killing primary human neutrophils. Remarkably, leukocidins lacking these glycine-rich motifs exhibit dominant-negative inhibitory effects toward their wild-type toxin counterparts as well as other leukocidins. Biochemical and cellular assays revealed that these dominant-negative toxins work by forming mixed complexes that are impaired in pore formation. The dominant-negative leukocidins inhibited S. aureus cytotoxicity toward primary human neutrophils, protected mice from lethal challenge by wild-type leukocidin, and reduced bacterial burden in a murine model of bloodstream infection. Thus, we describe the first example of staphylococcal bi-component dominant-negative toxins and their potential as novel therapeutics to combat S. aureus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Reyes-Robles
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ashira Lubkin
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Francis Alonzo
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - D Borden Lacy
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Victor J Torres
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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Abstract
Pre-mRNA molecules in humans contain mostly short internal exons flanked by longer introns. To explain the removal of such introns, exon recognition instead of intron recognition has been proposed. We studied this exon definition using designer exons (DEs) made up of three prototype modules of our own design: an exonic splicing enhancer (ESE), an exonic splicing silencer (ESS), and a Reference Sequence (R) predicted to be neither. Each DE was examined as the central exon in a three-exon minigene. DEs made of R modules showed a sharp size dependence, with exons shorter than 14 nt and longer than 174 nt splicing poorly. Changing the strengths of the splice sites improved longer exon splicing but worsened shorter exon splicing, effectively displacing the curve to the right. For the ESE we found, unexpectedly, that its enhancement efficiency was independent of its position within the exon. For the ESS we found a step-wise positional increase in its effects; it was most effective at the 3' end of the exon. To apply these results quantitatively, we developed a biophysical model for exon definition of internal exons undergoing cotranscriptional splicing. This model features commitment to inclusion before the downstream exon is synthesized and competition between skipping and inclusion fates afterward. Collision of both exon ends to form an exon definition complex was incorporated to account for the effect of size; ESE/ESS effects were modeled on the basis of stabilization/destabilization. This model accurately predicted the outcome of independent experiments on more complex DEs that combined ESEs and ESSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio A Arias
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Ashira Lubkin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Lawrence A Chasin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
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Matos I, Mizenina O, Lubkin A, Steinman RM, Idoyaga J. Targeting Leishmania major Antigens to Dendritic Cells In Vivo Induces Protective Immunity. PLoS One 2013; 8:e67453. [PMID: 23840706 PMCID: PMC3694010 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0067453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Accepted: 05/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Efficient vaccination against the parasite Leishmania major, the causative agent of human cutaneous leishmaniasis, requires development of type 1 T-helper (Th1) CD4+ T cell immunity. Because of their unique capacity to initiate and modulate immune responses, dendritic cells (DCs) are attractive targets for development of novel vaccines. In this study, for the first time, we investigated the capacity of a DC-targeted vaccine to induce protective responses against L. major. To this end, we genetically engineered the N-terminal portion of the stress-inducible 1 protein of L. major (LmSTI1a) into anti-DEC205/CD205 (DEC) monoclonal antibody (mAb) and thereby delivered the conjugated protein to DEC+ DCs in situ in the intact animal. Delivery of LmSTI1a to adjuvant-matured DCs increased the frequency of antigen-specific CD4+ T cells producing IFN-γ+, IL-2+, and TNF-α+ in two different strains of mice (C57BL/6 and Balb/c), while such responses were not observed with the same doses of a control Ig-LmSTI1a mAb without receptor affinity or with non-targeted LmSTI1a protein. Using a peptide library for LmSTI1a, we identified at least two distinct CD4+ T cell mimetopes in each MHC class II haplotype, consistent with the induction of broad immunity. When we compared T cell immune responses generated after targeting DCs with LmSTI1a or other L. major antigens, including LACK (Leishmania receptor for activated C kinase) and LeIF (Leishmania eukaryotic ribosomal elongation and initiation factor 4a), we found that LmSTI1a was superior for generation of IFN-γ-producing CD4+ T cells, which correlated with higher protection of susceptible Balb/c mice to a challenge with L. major. For the first time, this study demonstrates the potential of a DC-targeted vaccine as a novel approach for cutaneous leishmaniasis, an increasing public health concern that has no currently available effective treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Matos
- Laboratory of Cellular Physiology and Immunology and Chris Browne Center for Immunology and Immune Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Olga Mizenina
- Laboratory of Cellular Physiology and Immunology and Chris Browne Center for Immunology and Immune Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Ashira Lubkin
- Laboratory of Cellular Physiology and Immunology and Chris Browne Center for Immunology and Immune Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Ralph M. Steinman
- Laboratory of Cellular Physiology and Immunology and Chris Browne Center for Immunology and Immune Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Juliana Idoyaga
- Laboratory of Cellular Physiology and Immunology and Chris Browne Center for Immunology and Immune Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Idoyaga J, Fiorese C, Zbytnuik L, Lubkin A, Miller J, Malissen B, Mucida D, Merad M, Steinman RM. Specialized role of migratory dendritic cells in peripheral tolerance induction. J Clin Invest 2013; 123:844-54. [PMID: 23298832 DOI: 10.1172/jci65260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2012] [Accepted: 11/08/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Harnessing DCs for immunotherapies in vivo requires the elucidation of the physiological role of distinct DC populations. Migratory DCs traffic from peripheral tissues to draining lymph nodes charged with tissue self antigens. We hypothesized that these DC populations have a specialized role in the maintenance of peripheral tolerance, specifically, to generate suppressive Foxp3+ Tregs. To examine the differential capacity of migratory DCs versus blood-derived lymphoid-resident DCs for Treg generation in vivo, we targeted a self antigen, myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein, using antibodies against cell surface receptors differentially expressed in these DC populations. Using this approach together with mouse models that lack specific DC populations, we found that migratory DCs have a superior ability to generate Tregs in vivo, which in turn drastically improve the outcome of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. These results provide a rationale for the development of novel therapies targeting migratory DCs for the treatment of autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Idoyaga
- Laboratory of Cellular Physiology and Immunology and Chris Browne Center for Immunology and Immune Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA.
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Hemmi H, Zaidi N, Wang B, Matos I, Fiorese C, Lubkin A, Zbytnuik L, Suda K, Zhang K, Noda M, Kaisho T, Steinman RM, Idoyaga J. Treml4, an Ig superfamily member, mediates presentation of several antigens to T cells in vivo, including protective immunity to HER2 protein. J Immunol 2011; 188:1147-55. [PMID: 22210914 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1102541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Members of the triggering expressed on myeloid cells (Trem) receptor family fine-tune inflammatory responses. We previously identified one of these receptors, called Treml4, expressed mainly in the spleen, as well as at high levels by CD8α(+) dendritic cells and macrophages. Like other Trem family members, Treml4 has an Ig-like extracellular domain and a short cytoplasmic tail that associates with the adaptor DAP12. To follow up on our initial results that Treml4-Fc fusion proteins bind necrotic cells, we generated a knockout mouse to assess the role of Treml4 in the uptake and presentation of dying cells in vivo. Loss of Treml4 expression did not impair uptake of dying cells by CD8α(+) dendritic cells or cross-presentation of cell-associated Ag to CD8(+) T cells, suggesting overlapping function between Treml4 and other receptors in vivo. To further investigate Treml4 function, we took advantage of a newly generated mAb against Treml4 and engineered its H chain to express three different Ags (i.e., OVA, HIV GAGp24, and the extracellular domain of the breast cancer protein HER2). OVA directed to Treml4 was efficiently presented to CD8(+) and CD4(+) T cells in vivo. Anti-Treml4-GAGp24 mAbs, given along with a maturation stimulus, induced Th1 Ag-specific responses that were not observed in Treml4 knockout mice. Also, HER2 targeting using anti-Treml4 mAbs elicited combined CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell immunity, and both T cells participated in resistance to a transplantable tumor. Therefore, Treml4 participates in Ag presentation in vivo, and targeting Ags with anti-Treml4 Abs enhances immunization of otherwise naive mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Hemmi
- Laboratory of Cellular Physiology and Immunology, Christopher H. Browne Center for Immunology and Immune Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
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