1
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Tobias ES, Lucas-Herald AK, Sagar D, Montezano AC, Rios FJ, De Lucca Camargo L, Hamilton G, Gazdagh G, Diver LA, Williams N, Herzyk P, Touyz RM, Greenfield A, McGowan R, Ahmed SF. SEC31A may be associated with pituitary hormone deficiency and gonadal dysgenesis. Endocrine 2024; 84:345-349. [PMID: 38400880 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-024-03701-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Disorders/differences of sex development (DSD) result from variants in many different human genes but, frequently, have no detectable molecular cause. METHODS Detailed clinical and genetic phenotyping was conducted on a family with three children. A Sec31a animal model and functional studies were used to investigate the significance of the findings. RESULTS By trio whole-exome DNA sequencing we detected a heterozygous de novo nonsense SEC31A variant, in three children of healthy non-consanguineous parents. The children had different combinations of disorders that included complete gonadal dysgenesis and multiple pituitary hormone deficiency. SEC31A encodes a component of the COPII coat protein complex, necessary for intracellular anterograde vesicle-mediated transport between the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Golgi. CRISPR-Cas9 targeted knockout of the orthologous Sec31a gene region resulted in early embryonic lethality in homozygous mice. mRNA expression of ER-stress genes ATF4 and CHOP was increased in the children, suggesting defective protein transport. The pLI score of the gene, from gnomAD data, is 0.02. CONCLUSIONS SEC31A might underlie a previously unrecognised clinical syndrome comprising gonadal dysgenesis, multiple pituitary hormone deficiencies, dysmorphic features and developmental delay. However, a variant that remains undetected, in a different gene, may alternatively be causal in this family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward S Tobias
- West of Scotland Centre for Genomic Medicine, Laboratory Medicine Building, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Govan Road, Glasgow, G51 4TF, UK.
- Academic Unit of Medical Genetics and Clinical Pathology, University of Glasgow, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, G51 4TF, UK.
| | - Angela K Lucas-Herald
- Developmental Endocrinology Research Group, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, University of Glasgow, Royal Hospital for Children, 1345 Govan Road, Glasgow, G51 4TF, UK
| | - Danielle Sagar
- MRC Mammalian Genetics Unit, Harwell Institute, Harwell Campus, Oxfordshire, OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Augusto C Montezano
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, British Heart Foundation Centre for Research Excellence, University of Glasgow, 126 University Avenue, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
- Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Francisco J Rios
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, British Heart Foundation Centre for Research Excellence, University of Glasgow, 126 University Avenue, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | - Livia De Lucca Camargo
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, British Heart Foundation Centre for Research Excellence, University of Glasgow, 126 University Avenue, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
- Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Graham Hamilton
- Glasgow Polyomics, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, Garscube Estate, Switchback Rd, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Gabriella Gazdagh
- West of Scotland Centre for Genomic Medicine, Laboratory Medicine Building, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Govan Road, Glasgow, G51 4TF, UK
- Academic Unit of Medical Genetics and Clinical Pathology, University of Glasgow, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, G51 4TF, UK
| | - Louise A Diver
- West of Scotland Centre for Genomic Medicine, Laboratory Medicine Building, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Govan Road, Glasgow, G51 4TF, UK
| | - Nicola Williams
- West of Scotland Centre for Genomic Medicine, Laboratory Medicine Building, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Govan Road, Glasgow, G51 4TF, UK
| | - Pawel Herzyk
- Glasgow Polyomics, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, Garscube Estate, Switchback Rd, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
- Institute of Molecular Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Rhian M Touyz
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, British Heart Foundation Centre for Research Excellence, University of Glasgow, 126 University Avenue, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
- Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Andy Greenfield
- MRC Mammalian Genetics Unit, Harwell Institute, Harwell Campus, Oxfordshire, OX11 0RD, UK
- Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, Institute of Reproductive Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ruth McGowan
- West of Scotland Centre for Genomic Medicine, Laboratory Medicine Building, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Govan Road, Glasgow, G51 4TF, UK
- Developmental Endocrinology Research Group, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, University of Glasgow, Royal Hospital for Children, 1345 Govan Road, Glasgow, G51 4TF, UK
| | - S Faisal Ahmed
- Developmental Endocrinology Research Group, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, University of Glasgow, Royal Hospital for Children, 1345 Govan Road, Glasgow, G51 4TF, UK
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Rios FJ, de Ciuceis C, Georgiopoulos G, Lazaridis A, Nosalski R, Pavlidis G, Tual-Chalot S, Agabiti-Rosei C, Camargo LL, Dąbrowska E, Quarti-Trevano F, Hellmann M, Masi S, Lopreiato M, Mavraganis G, Mengozzi A, Montezano AC, Stavropoulos K, Winklewski PJ, Wolf J, Costantino S, Doumas M, Gkaliagkousi E, Grassi G, Guzik TJ, Ikonomidis I, Narkiewicz K, Paneni F, Rizzoni D, Stamatelopoulos K, Stellos K, Taddei S, Touyz RM, Virdis A. Mechanisms of Vascular Inflammation and Potential Therapeutic Targets: A Position Paper From the ESH Working Group on Small Arteries. Hypertension 2024. [PMID: 38511317 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.123.22483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Inflammatory responses in small vessels play an important role in the development of cardiovascular diseases, including hypertension, stroke, and small vessel disease. This involves various complex molecular processes including oxidative stress, inflammasome activation, immune-mediated responses, and protein misfolding, which together contribute to microvascular damage. In addition, epigenetic factors, including DNA methylation, histone modifications, and microRNAs influence vascular inflammation and injury. These phenomena may be acquired during the aging process or due to environmental factors. Activation of proinflammatory signaling pathways and molecular events induce low-grade and chronic inflammation with consequent cardiovascular damage. Identifying mechanism-specific targets might provide opportunities in the development of novel therapeutic approaches. Monoclonal antibodies targeting inflammatory cytokines and epigenetic drugs, show promise in reducing microvascular inflammation and associated cardiovascular diseases. In this article, we provide a comprehensive discussion of the complex mechanisms underlying microvascular inflammation and offer insights into innovative therapeutic strategies that may ameliorate vascular injury in cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J Rios
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Canada (F.J.R., L.L.C., A.C.M., R.M.T.)
| | - Carolina de Ciuceis
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens. (C.d.C., C.A.-R., D.R.)
| | - Georgios Georgiopoulos
- Angiology and Endothelial Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens. (G.G., G.M., K. Stamatelopoulos)
| | - Antonios Lazaridis
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Papageorgiou Hospital, Greece (A.L., E.G.)
| | - Ryszard Nosalski
- Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences; Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom (R.N., T.J.G.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Medical Genomics OMICRON, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland (R.N., T.J.G.)
| | - George Pavlidis
- Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens. (G.P., I.I.)
- Preventive Cardiology Laboratory and Clinic of Cardiometabolic Diseases, 2-Cardiology Department, Attikon Hospital, Athens, Greece (G.P., I.I.)
| | - Simon Tual-Chalot
- Biosciences Institute, Vascular Biology and Medicine Theme, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, United Kingdom (S.T.-C., K. Stellos)
| | - Claudia Agabiti-Rosei
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens. (C.d.C., C.A.-R., D.R.)
| | - Livia L Camargo
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Canada (F.J.R., L.L.C., A.C.M., R.M.T.)
| | - Edyta Dąbrowska
- Department of Hypertension and Diabetology, Center of Translational Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Poland. (E.D., J.W., K.N. and M.D.)
| | - Fosca Quarti-Trevano
- Clinica Medica, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy (F.Q.-T., G.G.)
| | - Marcin Hellmann
- Department of Cardiac Diagnostics, Medical University of Gdansk, Poland. (M.H.)
| | - Stefano Masi
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, United Kingdom (S.M.)
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy (S.M., M.L., A.M., S.T., A.V.)
| | - Mariarosaria Lopreiato
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy (S.M., M.L., A.M., S.T., A.V.)
| | - Georgios Mavraganis
- Angiology and Endothelial Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens. (G.G., G.M., K. Stamatelopoulos)
| | - Alessandro Mengozzi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy (S.M., M.L., A.M., S.T., A.V.)
- Center for Translational and Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland (A.M., F.P.)
- Health Science Interdisciplinary Center, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa (A.M.)
| | - Augusto C Montezano
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Canada (F.J.R., L.L.C., A.C.M., R.M.T.)
| | - Konstantinos Stavropoulos
- Second Medical Department, Hippokration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece (K. Stavropoulos
| | - Pawel J Winklewski
- Department of Human Physiology, Medical University of Gdansk, Poland. (P.J.W.)
| | - Jacek Wolf
- Department of Hypertension and Diabetology, Center of Translational Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Poland. (E.D., J.W., K.N. and M.D.)
| | - Sarah Costantino
- University Heart Center, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland. (S.C., F.P.)
| | - Michael Doumas
- Department of Hypertension and Diabetology, Center of Translational Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Poland. (E.D., J.W., K.N. and M.D.)
| | - Eugenia Gkaliagkousi
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Papageorgiou Hospital, Greece (A.L., E.G.)
| | - Guido Grassi
- Clinica Medica, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy (F.Q.-T., G.G.)
| | - Tomasz J Guzik
- Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences; Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom (R.N., T.J.G.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Medical Genomics OMICRON, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland (R.N., T.J.G.)
| | - Ignatios Ikonomidis
- Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens. (G.P., I.I.)
- Preventive Cardiology Laboratory and Clinic of Cardiometabolic Diseases, 2-Cardiology Department, Attikon Hospital, Athens, Greece (G.P., I.I.)
| | - Krzysztof Narkiewicz
- Department of Hypertension and Diabetology, Center of Translational Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Poland. (E.D., J.W., K.N. and M.D.)
| | - Francesco Paneni
- Center for Translational and Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland (A.M., F.P.)
- University Heart Center, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland. (S.C., F.P.)
- Department of Research and Education, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland. (F.P.)
| | - Damiano Rizzoni
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens. (C.d.C., C.A.-R., D.R.)
- Division of Medicine, Spedali Civili di Brescia, Italy (D.R.)
| | - Kimon Stamatelopoulos
- Angiology and Endothelial Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens. (G.G., G.M., K. Stamatelopoulos)
| | - Konstantinos Stellos
- Biosciences Institute, Vascular Biology and Medicine Theme, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, United Kingdom (S.T.-C., K. Stellos)
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, European Center for Angioscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany. (K. Stellos)
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany. (K. Stellos)
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Heidelberg/Mannheim Partner Site (K. Stellos)
| | - Stefano Taddei
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy (S.M., M.L., A.M., S.T., A.V.)
| | - Rhian M Touyz
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Canada (F.J.R., L.L.C., A.C.M., R.M.T.)
| | - Agostino Virdis
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy (S.M., M.L., A.M., S.T., A.V.)
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Lucas-Herald AK, Montezano AC, Alves-Lopes R, Haddow L, O’Toole S, Flett M, Lee B, Amjad SB, Steven M, McNeilly J, Brooksbank K, Touyz RM, Ahmed SF. Effects of Sex Hormones on Vascular Reactivity in Boys With Hypospadias. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2024; 109:e735-e744. [PMID: 37672642 PMCID: PMC10795938 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arteries from boys with hypospadias demonstrate hypercontractility and impaired vasorelaxation. The role of sex hormones in these responses in unclear. AIMS We compared effects of sex steroids on vascular reactivity in healthy boys and boys with hypospadias. METHODS Excess foreskin tissue was obtained from 11 boys undergoing hypospadias repair (cases) and 12 undergoing routine circumcision (controls) (median age [range], 1.5 [1.2-2.7] years) and small resistance arteries were isolated. Vessels were mounted on wire myographs and vascular reactivity was assessed in the absence/presence of 17β-estradiol, dihydrotestosterone (DHT), and testosterone. RESULTS In controls, testosterone and 17β-estradiol increased contraction (percent of maximum contraction [Emax]: 83.74 basal vs 125.4 after testosterone, P < .0002; and 83.74 vs 110.2 after estradiol, P = .02). 17β-estradiol reduced vasorelaxation in arteries from controls (Emax: 10.6 vs 15.6 to acetylcholine, P < .0001; and Emax: 14.6 vs 20.5 to sodium nitroprusside, P < .0001). In hypospadias, testosterone (Emax: 137.9 vs 107.2, P = .01) and 17β-estradiol (Emax: 156.9 vs 23.6, P < .0001) reduced contraction. Androgens, but not 17β-estradiol, increased endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent vasorelaxation in cases (Emax: 77.3 vs 51.7 with testosterone, P = .02; and vs 48.2 with DHT to acetylcholine, P = .0001; Emax: 43.0 vs 39.5 with testosterone, P = .02; and 39.6 vs 37.5 with DHT to sodium nitroprusside, P = .04). CONCLUSION In healthy boys, testosterone and 17β-estradiol promote a vasoconstrictor phenotype, whereas in boys with hypospadias, these sex hormones reduce vasoconstriction, with androgens promoting vasorelaxation. Differences in baseline artery function may therefore be sex hormone-independent and the impact of early-life variations in androgen exposure on vascular function needs further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela K Lucas-Herald
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, British Heart Foundation Center for Research Excellence, University of Glasgow, 126 University Avenue, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
- Developmental Endocrinology Research Group, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, University of Glasgow, Royal Hospital for Children, 1345 Govan Road, Glasgow G51 4TF, UK
| | - Augusto C Montezano
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, British Heart Foundation Center for Research Excellence, University of Glasgow, 126 University Avenue, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
- Research Institute of McGill University Health Center, McGill University, 1001 Boul Décarie, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Rheure Alves-Lopes
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, British Heart Foundation Center for Research Excellence, University of Glasgow, 126 University Avenue, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Laura Haddow
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, British Heart Foundation Center for Research Excellence, University of Glasgow, 126 University Avenue, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Stuart O’Toole
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Royal Hospital for Children, Royal Hospital for Children, 1345 Govan Road, Glasgow G51 4TF, Scotland, UK
| | - Martyn Flett
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Royal Hospital for Children, Royal Hospital for Children, 1345 Govan Road, Glasgow G51 4TF, Scotland, UK
| | - Boma Lee
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Royal Hospital for Children, Royal Hospital for Children, 1345 Govan Road, Glasgow G51 4TF, Scotland, UK
| | - S Basith Amjad
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Royal Hospital for Children, Royal Hospital for Children, 1345 Govan Road, Glasgow G51 4TF, Scotland, UK
| | - Mairi Steven
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Royal Hospital for Children, Royal Hospital for Children, 1345 Govan Road, Glasgow G51 4TF, Scotland, UK
| | - Jane McNeilly
- Developmental Endocrinology Research Group, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, University of Glasgow, Royal Hospital for Children, 1345 Govan Road, Glasgow G51 4TF, UK
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow G51 4TF, Scotland, UK
| | - Katriona Brooksbank
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, British Heart Foundation Center for Research Excellence, University of Glasgow, 126 University Avenue, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Rhian M Touyz
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, British Heart Foundation Center for Research Excellence, University of Glasgow, 126 University Avenue, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
- Research Institute of McGill University Health Center, McGill University, 1001 Boul Décarie, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - S Faisal Ahmed
- Developmental Endocrinology Research Group, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, University of Glasgow, Royal Hospital for Children, 1345 Govan Road, Glasgow G51 4TF, UK
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Camargo LL, Wang Y, Rios FJ, McBride M, Montezano AC, Touyz RM. Oxidative Stress and Endoplasmic Reticular Stress Interplay in the Vasculopathy of Hypertension. Can J Cardiol 2023; 39:1874-1887. [PMID: 37875177 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2023.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Under physiologic conditions, reactive oxygen species (ROS) function as signalling molecules that control cell function. However, in pathologic conditions, increased generation of ROS triggers oxidative stress, which plays a role in vascular changes associated with hypertension, including endothelial dysfunction, vascular reactivity, and arterial remodelling (termed the vasculopathy of hypertension). The major source of ROS in the vascular system is NADPH oxidase (NOX). Increased NOX activity drives vascular oxidative stress in hypertension. Molecular mechanisms underlying vascular damage in hypertension include activation of redox-sensitive signalling pathways, post-translational modification of proteins, and oxidative damage of DNA and cytoplasmic proteins. In addition, oxidative stress leads to accumulation of proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) (termed ER stress), with consequent activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR). ER stress is emerging as a potential player in hypertension as abnormal protein folding in the ER leads to oxidative stress and dysregulated activation of the UPR promotes inflammation and injury in vascular and cardiac cells. In addition, the ER engages in crosstalk with exogenous sources of ROS, such as mitochondria and NOX, which can amplify redox processes. Here we provide an update of the role of ROS and NOX in hypertension and discuss novel concepts on the interplay between oxidative stress and ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia L Camargo
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
| | - Yu Wang
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Francisco J Rios
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Martin McBride
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Augusto C Montezano
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Rhian M Touyz
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada; McGill University, Department of Medicine and Department of Family Medicine, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
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Rios FJ, Sarafian RD, Camargo LL, Montezano AC, Touyz RM. Recent Advances in Understanding the Mechanistic Role of Transient Receptor Potential Ion Channels in Patients With Hypertension. Can J Cardiol 2023; 39:1859-1873. [PMID: 37865227 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2023.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The transient receptor potential (TRP) channel superfamily is a group of nonselective cation channels that function as cellular sensors for a wide range of physical, chemical, and environmental stimuli. According to sequence homology, TRP channels are categorized into 6 subfamilies: TRP canonical, TRP vanilloid, TRP melastatin, TRP ankyrin, TRP mucolipin, and TRP polycystin. They are widely expressed in different cell types and tissues and have essential roles in various physiological and pathological processes by regulating the concentration of ions (Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, and K+) and influencing intracellular signalling pathways. Human data and experimental models indicate the importance of TRP channels in vascular homeostasis and hypertension. Furthermore, TRP channels have emerged as key players in oxidative stress and inflammation, important in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases, including hypertension. In this review, we present an overview of the TRP channels with a focus on their role in hypertension. In particular, we highlight mechanisms activated by TRP channels in vascular smooth muscle and endothelial cells and discuss their contribution to processes underlying vascular dysfunction in hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J Rios
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Raquel D Sarafian
- Institute of Biosciences, Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Livia L Camargo
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Augusto C Montezano
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Rhian M Touyz
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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6
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Neves KB, Rios FJ, Sevilla‐Montero J, Montezano AC, Touyz RM. Exosomes and the cardiovascular system: role in cardiovascular health and disease. J Physiol 2023; 601:4923-4936. [PMID: 35306667 PMCID: PMC10953460 DOI: 10.1113/jp282054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes, which are membrane-bound extracellular vesicles (EVs), are generated in the endosomal compartment of almost all eukaryotic cells. They are formed upon the fusion of multivesicular bodies and the plasma membrane and carry proteins, nucleic acids, lipids and other cellular constituents from their parent cells. Multiple factors influence their production including cell stress and injury, humoral factors, circulating toxins, and oxidative stress. They play an important role in intercellular communication, through their ability to transfer their cargo (proteins, lipids, RNAs) from one cell to another. Exosomes have been implicated in the pathophysiology of various diseases including cardiovascular disease (CVD), cancer, kidney disease, and inflammatory conditions. In addition, circulating exosomes may act as biomarkers for diagnostic and prognostic strategies for several pathological processes. In particular exosome-containing miRNAs have been suggested as biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of myocardial injury, stroke and endothelial dysfunction. They may also have therapeutic potential, acting as vectors to deliver therapies in a targeted manner, such as the delivery of protective miRNAs. Transfection techniques are in development to load exosomes with desired cargo, such as proteins or miRNAs, to achieve up-regulation in the host cell or tissue. These advances in the field have the potential to assist in the detection and monitoring progress of a disease in patients during its early clinical stages, as well as targeted drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla B. Neves
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical SciencesUniversity of GlasgowUK
| | - Francisco J. Rios
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical SciencesUniversity of GlasgowUK
| | - Javier Sevilla‐Montero
- Biomedical Research Institute La Princesa Hospital (IIS‐IP)Department of MedicineSchool of MedicineUniversidad Autónoma of Madrid (UAM)MadridSpain
| | | | - Rhian M. Touyz
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical SciencesUniversity of GlasgowUK
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (RI‐MUHC)McGill UniversityMontrealCanada
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7
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Mengozzi A, de Ciuceis C, Dell'oro R, Georgiopoulos G, Lazaridis A, Nosalski R, Pavlidis G, Tual-Chalot S, Agabiti-Rosei C, Anyfanti P, Camargo LL, Dąbrowska E, Quarti-Trevano F, Hellmann M, Masi S, Mavraganis G, Montezano AC, Rios FJ, Winklewski PJ, Wolf J, Costantino S, Gkaliagkousi E, Grassi G, Guzik TJ, Ikonomidis I, Narkiewicz K, Paneni F, Rizzoni D, Stamatelopoulos K, Stellos K, Taddei S, Touyz RM, Triantafyllou A, Virdis A. The importance of microvascular inflammation in ageing and age-related diseases: a position paper from the ESH working group on small arteries, section of microvascular inflammation. J Hypertens 2023; 41:1521-1543. [PMID: 37382158 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000003503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Microcirculation is pervasive and orchestrates a profound regulatory cross-talk with the surrounding tissue and organs. Similarly, it is one of the earliest biological systems targeted by environmental stressors and consequently involved in the development and progression of ageing and age-related disease. Microvascular dysfunction, if not targeted, leads to a steady derangement of the phenotype, which cumulates comorbidities and eventually results in a nonrescuable, very high-cardiovascular risk. Along the broad spectrum of pathologies, both shared and distinct molecular pathways and pathophysiological alteration are involved in the disruption of microvascular homeostasis, all pointing to microvascular inflammation as the putative primary culprit. This position paper explores the presence and the detrimental contribution of microvascular inflammation across the whole spectrum of chronic age-related diseases, which characterise the 21st-century healthcare landscape. The manuscript aims to strongly affirm the centrality of microvascular inflammation by recapitulating the current evidence and providing a clear synoptic view of the whole cardiometabolic derangement. Indeed, there is an urgent need for further mechanistic exploration to identify clear, very early or disease-specific molecular targets to provide an effective therapeutic strategy against the otherwise unstoppable rising prevalence of age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Mengozzi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Center for Translational and Experimental Cardiology (CTEC), Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Health Science Interdisciplinary Center, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa
| | - Carolina de Ciuceis
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia
| | - Raffaella Dell'oro
- Clinica Medica, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Georgios Georgiopoulos
- Angiology and Endothelial Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens
| | - Antonios Lazaridis
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Papageorgiou Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ryszard Nosalski
- Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences; Queen's Medical Research Institute; University of Edinburgh, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Internal Medicine
- Center for Medical Genomics OMICRON, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - George Pavlidis
- Preventive Cardiology Laboratory and Clinic of Cardiometabolic Diseases, 2 Cardiology Department, Attikon Hospital, Athens
- Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Simon Tual-Chalot
- Biosciences Institute, Vascular Biology and Medicine Theme, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | | | - Panagiota Anyfanti
- Second Medical Department, Hippokration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Livia L Camargo
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (RI-MUHC), McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Edyta Dąbrowska
- Department of Hypertension and Diabetology, Center of Translational Medicine
- Center of Translational Medicine
| | - Fosca Quarti-Trevano
- Clinica Medica, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Marcin Hellmann
- Department of Cardiac Diagnostics, Medical University, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Stefano Masi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Georgios Mavraganis
- Angiology and Endothelial Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens
| | - Augusto C Montezano
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (RI-MUHC), McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Francesco J Rios
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (RI-MUHC), McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Jacek Wolf
- Department of Hypertension and Diabetology, Center of Translational Medicine
| | - Sarah Costantino
- Center for Translational and Experimental Cardiology (CTEC), Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- University Heart Center, Cardiology, University Hospital Zurich
| | - Eugenia Gkaliagkousi
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Papageorgiou Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Guido Grassi
- Clinica Medica, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Tomasz J Guzik
- Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences; Queen's Medical Research Institute; University of Edinburgh, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Internal Medicine
- Center for Medical Genomics OMICRON, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Ignatios Ikonomidis
- Preventive Cardiology Laboratory and Clinic of Cardiometabolic Diseases, 2 Cardiology Department, Attikon Hospital, Athens
- Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | | | - Francesco Paneni
- Center for Translational and Experimental Cardiology (CTEC), Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- University Heart Center, Cardiology, University Hospital Zurich
- Department of Research and Education, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Damiano Rizzoni
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia
- Division of Medicine, Spedali Civili di Brescia, Montichiari, Brescia, Italy
| | - Kimon Stamatelopoulos
- Angiology and Endothelial Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens
| | - Konstantinos Stellos
- Biosciences Institute, Vascular Biology and Medicine Theme, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung, DZHK), Heidelberg/Mannheim Partner Site
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Manheim, Germany
| | - Stefano Taddei
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Rhian M Touyz
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (RI-MUHC), McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Areti Triantafyllou
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Papageorgiou Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Agostino Virdis
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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8
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Rios FJ, Montezano AC, Camargo LL, Touyz RM. Impact of Environmental Factors on Hypertension and Associated Cardiovascular Disease. Can J Cardiol 2023; 39:1229-1243. [PMID: 37422258 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2023.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is the primary cause of cardiovascular diseases and is responsible for nearly 9 million deaths worldwide annually. Increasing evidence indicates that in addition to pathophysiologic processes, numerous environmental factors, such as geographic location, lifestyle choices, socioeconomic status, and cultural practices, influence the risk, progression, and severity of hypertension, even in the absence of genetic risk factors. In this review, we discuss the impact of some environmental determinants on hypertension. We focus on clinical data from large population studies and discuss some potential molecular and cellular mechanisms. We highlight how these environmental determinants are interconnected, as small changes in one factor might affect others, and further affect cardiovascular health. In addition, we discuss the crucial impact of socioeconomic factors and how these determinants influence diverse communities with economic disparities. Finally, we address opportunities and challenges for new research to address gaps in knowledge on understanding molecular mechanisms whereby environmental factors influence development of hypertension and associated cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J Rios
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
| | - Augusto C Montezano
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Livia L Camargo
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Rhian M Touyz
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
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9
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Alves-Lopes R, Lacchini S, Neves KB, Harvey A, Montezano AC, Touyz RM. Vasoprotective effects of NOX4 are mediated via polymerase and transient receptor potential melastatin 2 cation channels in endothelial cells. J Hypertens 2023; 41:1389-1400. [PMID: 37272080 PMCID: PMC10399938 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000003478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND NOX4 activation has been implicated to have vasoprotective and blood pressure (BP)-lowering effects. Molecular mechanisms underlying this are unclear, but NOX4-induced regulation of the redox-sensitive Ca 2+ channel TRPM2 and effects on endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS)-nitric oxide signalling may be important. METHOD Wild-type and LinA3, renin-expressing hypertensive mice, were crossed with NOX4 knockout mice. Vascular function was measured by myography. Generation of superoxide (O 2- ) and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) were assessed by lucigenin and amplex red, respectively, and Ca 2+ influx by Cal-520 fluorescence in rat aortic endothelial cells (RAEC). RESULTS BP was increased in NOX4KO, LinA3 and LinA3/NOX4KO mice. This was associated with endothelial dysfunction and vascular remodelling, with exaggerated effects in NOX4KO groups. The TRPM2 activator, ADPR, improved vascular relaxation in LinA3/NOX4KO mice, an effect recapitulated by H 2 O 2 . Inhibition of PARP and TRPM2 with olaparib and 2-APB, respectively, recapitulated endothelial dysfunction in NOX4KO. In endothelial cells, Ang II increased H 2 O 2 generation and Ca 2+ influx, effects reduced by TRPM2 siRNA, TRPM2 inhibitors (8-br-cADPR, 2-APB), olaparib and GKT137831 (NOX4 inhibitor). Ang II-induced eNOS activation was blocked by NOX4 and TRPM2 siRNA, GKT137831, PEG-catalase and 8-br-cADPR. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that NOX4-induced H 2 O 2 production activates PARP/TRPM2, Ca 2+ influx, eNOS activation and nitric oxide release in endothelial cells. NOX4 deficiency impairs Ca 2+ homeostasis leading to endothelial dysfunction, an effect exacerbated in hypertension. We define a novel pathway linking endothelial NOX4/H 2 O 2 to eNOS/nitric oxide through PARP/TRPM2/Ca 2+ . This vasoprotective pathway is perturbed when NOX4 is downregulated and may have significance in conditions associated with endothelial dysfunction, including hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rheure Alves-Lopes
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Silvia Lacchini
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karla B. Neves
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Adam Harvey
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Augusto C. Montezano
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Rhian M. Touyz
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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10
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Montezano AC, Camargo LL, Mary S, Neves KB, Rios FJ, Stein R, Lopes RA, Beattie W, Thomson J, Herder V, Szemiel AM, McFarlane S, Palmarini M, Touyz RM. SARS-CoV-2 spike protein induces endothelial inflammation via ACE2 independently of viral replication. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14086. [PMID: 37640791 PMCID: PMC10462711 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41115-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, is a respiratory disease associated with inflammation and endotheliitis. Mechanisms underling inflammatory processes are unclear, but angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), the receptor which binds the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 may be important. Here we investigated whether spike protein binding to ACE2 induces inflammation in endothelial cells and determined the role of ACE2 in this process. Human endothelial cells were exposed to SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, S1 subunit (rS1p) and pro-inflammatory signaling and inflammatory mediators assessed. ACE2 was modulated pharmacologically and by siRNA. Endothelial cells were also exposed to SARS-CoV-2. rSP1 increased production of IL-6, MCP-1, ICAM-1 and PAI-1, and induced NFkB activation via ACE2 in endothelial cells. rS1p increased microparticle formation, a functional marker of endothelial injury. ACE2 interacting proteins involved in inflammation and RNA biology were identified in rS1p-treated cells. Neither ACE2 expression nor ACE2 enzymatic function were affected by rSP1. Endothelial cells exposed to SARS-CoV-2 virus did not exhibit viral replication. We demonstrate that rSP1 induces endothelial inflammation via ACE2 through processes that are independent of ACE2 enzymatic activity and viral replication. We define a novel role for ACE2 in COVID-19- associated endotheliitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augusto C Montezano
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (RI-MUHC), Site Glen-Block E-Office: E01.3362, 1001, Boul. Decarie, Montreal, QC, H4A3J1, Canada.
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
| | - Livia L Camargo
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (RI-MUHC), Site Glen-Block E-Office: E01.3362, 1001, Boul. Decarie, Montreal, QC, H4A3J1, Canada
| | - Sheon Mary
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Karla B Neves
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Francisco J Rios
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (RI-MUHC), Site Glen-Block E-Office: E01.3362, 1001, Boul. Decarie, Montreal, QC, H4A3J1, Canada
| | - Ross Stein
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Rheure A Lopes
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Wendy Beattie
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jacqueline Thomson
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Vanessa Herder
- MRC Centre for Virus Research, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Steven McFarlane
- MRC Centre for Virus Research, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Rhian M Touyz
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (RI-MUHC), Site Glen-Block E-Office: E01.3362, 1001, Boul. Decarie, Montreal, QC, H4A3J1, Canada.
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
- McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
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11
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Morris HE, Neves KB, Nilsen M, Montezano AC, MacLean MR, Touyz RM. Notch3/Hes5 Induces Vascular Dysfunction in Hypoxia-Induced Pulmonary Hypertension Through ER Stress and Redox-Sensitive Pathways. Hypertension 2023; 80:1683-1696. [PMID: 37254738 PMCID: PMC10355806 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.122.20449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Notch3 (neurogenic locus notch homolog protein 3) is implicated in vascular diseases, including pulmonary hypertension (PH)/pulmonary arterial hypertension. However, molecular mechanisms remain elusive. We hypothesized increased Notch3 activation induces oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and downstream redox signaling, associated with procontractile pulmonary artery state, pulmonary vascular dysfunction, and PH development. METHODS Studies were performed in TgNotch3R169C mice (harboring gain-of-function [GOF] Notch3 mutation) exposed to chronic hypoxia to induce PH, and examined by hemodynamics. Molecular and cellular studies were performed in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells from pulmonary arterial hypertension patients and in mouse lung. Notch3-regulated genes/proteins, ER stress, ROCK (Rho-associated kinase) expression/activity, Ca2+ transients and generation of reactive oxygen species, and nitric oxide were measured. Pulmonary vascular reactivity was assessed in the presence of fasudil (ROCK inhibitor) and 4-phenylbutyric acid (ER stress inhibitor). RESULTS Hypoxia induced a more severe PH phenotype in TgNotch3R169C mice versus controls. TgNotch3R169C mice exhibited enhanced Notch3 activation and expression of Notch3 targets Hes Family BHLH Transcription Factor 5 (Hes5), with increased vascular contraction and impaired vasorelaxation that improved with fasudil/4-phenylbutyric acid. Notch3 mutation was associated with increased pulmonary vessel Ca2+ transients, ROCK activation, ER stress, and increased reactive oxygen species generation, with reduced NO generation and blunted sGC (soluble guanylyl cyclase)/cGMP signaling. These effects were ameliorated by N-acetylcysteine. pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells from patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension recapitulated Notch3/Hes5 signaling, ER stress and redox changes observed in PH mice. CONCLUSIONS Notch3 GOF amplifies vascular dysfunction in hypoxic PH. This involves oxidative and ER stress, and ROCK. We highlight a novel role for Notch3/Hes5-redox signaling and important interplay between ER and oxidative stress in PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah E Morris
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (H.E.M., K.B.N., A.C.M., R.M.T.)
| | - Karla B Neves
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (H.E.M., K.B.N., A.C.M., R.M.T.)
| | - Margaret Nilsen
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, United Kingdom (M.N., M.R.M.)
| | - Augusto C Montezano
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (H.E.M., K.B.N., A.C.M., R.M.T.)
| | - Margaret R MacLean
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, United Kingdom (M.N., M.R.M.)
| | - Rhian M Touyz
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (H.E.M., K.B.N., A.C.M., R.M.T.)
- Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Canada (R.M.T.)
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12
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Sykes RA, Neves KB, Alves-Lopes R, Caputo I, Fallon K, Jamieson NB, Kamdar A, Legrini A, Leslie H, McIntosh A, McConnachie A, Morrow A, McFarlane RW, Mangion K, McAbney J, Montezano AC, Touyz RM, Wood C, Berry C. Vascular mechanisms of post-COVID-19 conditions: Rho-kinase is a novel target for therapy. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Pharmacother 2023; 9:371-386. [PMID: 37019821 PMCID: PMC10236521 DOI: 10.1093/ehjcvp/pvad025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In post-coronavirus disease-19 (post-COVID-19) conditions (long COVID), systemic vascular dysfunction is implicated, but the mechanisms are uncertain, and the treatment is imprecise. METHODS AND RESULTS Patients convalescing after hospitalization for COVID-19 and risk factor matched controls underwent multisystem phenotyping using blood biomarkers, cardiorenal and pulmonary imaging, and gluteal subcutaneous biopsy (NCT04403607). Small resistance arteries were isolated and examined using wire myography, histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and spatial transcriptomics. Endothelium-independent (sodium nitroprusside) and -dependent (acetylcholine) vasorelaxation and vasoconstriction to the thromboxane A2 receptor agonist, U46619, and endothelin-1 (ET-1) in the presence or absence of a RhoA/Rho-kinase inhibitor (fasudil), were investigated. Thirty-seven patients, including 27 (mean age 57 years, 48% women, 41% cardiovascular disease) 3 months post-COVID-19 and 10 controls (mean age 57 years, 20% women, 30% cardiovascular disease), were included. Compared with control responses, U46619-induced constriction was increased (P = 0.002) and endothelium-independent vasorelaxation was reduced in arteries from COVID-19 patients (P < 0.001). This difference was abolished by fasudil. Histopathology revealed greater collagen abundance in COVID-19 arteries {Masson's trichrome (MT) 69.7% [95% confidence interval (CI): 67.8-71.7]; picrosirius red 68.6% [95% CI: 64.4-72.8]} vs. controls [MT 64.9% (95% CI: 59.4-70.3) (P = 0.028); picrosirius red 60.1% (95% CI: 55.4-64.8), (P = 0.029)]. Greater phosphorylated myosin light chain antibody-positive staining in vascular smooth muscle cells was observed in COVID-19 arteries (40.1%; 95% CI: 30.9-49.3) vs. controls (10.0%; 95% CI: 4.4-15.6) (P < 0.001). In proof-of-concept studies, gene pathways associated with extracellular matrix alteration, proteoglycan synthesis, and viral mRNA replication appeared to be upregulated. CONCLUSION Patients with post-COVID-19 conditions have enhanced vascular fibrosis and myosin light change phosphorylation. Rho-kinase activation represents a novel therapeutic target for clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Sykes
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, UK
- West of Scotland Heart and Lung Centre, Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | - Karla B Neves
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, UK
- Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Rhéure Alves-Lopes
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Ilaria Caputo
- Università degli Studi di Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy
| | - Kirsty Fallon
- Clinical Research Facility, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, NHS Greater Glasgow & Clyde Health Board, Glasgow, UK
| | - Nigel B Jamieson
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Anna Kamdar
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Assya Legrini
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Holly Leslie
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Alasdair McIntosh
- Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Alex McConnachie
- Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Andrew Morrow
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, UK
- West of Scotland Heart and Lung Centre, Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Kenneth Mangion
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, UK
- Department of Cardiology, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde Health Board, Glasgow, UK
| | - John McAbney
- Institute of Biomedical and Life Sciences (FBLS), University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Augusto C Montezano
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, UK
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (RI-MUHC), Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Rhian M Touyz
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, UK
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (RI-MUHC), Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Colin Wood
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Colin Berry
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, UK
- West of Scotland Heart and Lung Centre, Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, UK
- Department of Cardiology, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde Health Board, Glasgow, UK
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13
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Abstract
Background Hypertension and vascular toxicity are major unwanted side effects of antiangiogenic drugs, such as vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors (VEGFis), which are effective anticancer drugs but have unwanted side effects, including vascular toxicity and hypertension. Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors, used to treat ovarian and other cancers, have also been associated with elevated blood pressure. However, when patients with cancer receive both olaparib, a PARP inhibitor, and VEGFi, the risk of blood pressure elevation is reduced. Underlying molecular mechanisms are unclear, but PARP-regulated transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily M, member 2 (TRPM2), a redox-sensitive calcium channel, may be important. We investigated whether PARP/TRPM2 plays a role in VEGFi-induced vascular dysfunction and whether PARP inhibition ameliorates the vasculopathy associated with VEGF inhibition. Methods and Results Human vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), human aortic endothelial cells, and wild-type mouse mesenteric arteries were studied. Cells/arteries were exposed to axitinib (VEGFi) alone and in combination with olaparib. Reactive oxygen species production, Ca2+ influx, protein/gene analysis, PARP activity, and TRPM2 signaling were assessed in VSMCs, and nitric oxide levels were determined in endothelial cells. Vascular function was assessed by myography. Axitinib increased PARP activity in VSMCs in a reactive oxygen species-dependent manner. Endothelial dysfunction and hypercontractile responses were ameliorated by olaparib and a TRPM2 blocker (8-Br-cADPR). VSMC reactive oxygen species production, Ca2+ influx, and phosphorylation of myosin light chain 20 and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (Thr495) were augmented by axitinib and attenuated by olaparib and TRPM2 inhibition. Proinflammatory markers were upregulated in axitinib-stimulated VSMCs, which was reduced by reactive oxygen species scavengers and PARP-TRPM2 inhibition. Human aortic endothelial cells exposed to combined olaparib and axitinib showed nitric oxide levels similar to VEGF-stimulated cells. Conclusions Axitinib-mediated vascular dysfunction involves PARP and TRPM2, which, when inhibited, ameliorate the injurious effects of VEGFi. Our findings define a potential mechanism whereby PARP inhibitor may attenuate vascular toxicity in VEGFi-treated patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla B Neves
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences University of Glasgow Glasgow United Kingdom.,Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences University of Strathclyde Glasgow United Kingdom
| | - Rheure Alves-Lopes
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences University of Glasgow Glasgow United Kingdom
| | - Augusto C Montezano
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences University of Glasgow Glasgow United Kingdom.,Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (RI-MUHC) McGill University Montreal Canada
| | - Rhian M Touyz
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences University of Glasgow Glasgow United Kingdom.,Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (RI-MUHC) McGill University Montreal Canada
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14
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Greenfield A, Herzyk P, Lucas-Herald AK, McGowan R, SGP SGP, Touyz RM, Williams N, Tobias ES, Sagar D, Montezano AC, Rios FJ, de Lucca Camargo L, Hamilton G, Gazdagh G. PMON312 A De Novo Heterozygous Nonsense Variant In The SEC31A Gene Associated With Pituitary Hormone Deficiency And Disorders Of Sex Development. J Endocr Soc 2022. [PMCID: PMC9627430 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvac150.1293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction XYdisorders of sex development (DSD) result from variants in many different human genes but frequently have no detectable molecular cause. In approximately 25% of cases of XY DSD, the index case may have associated malformations. Genetic disorders of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) function are increasingly being recognised but have not been associated with DSD or pituitary disorders. Clinical case Three siblings (with unaffected non-consanguineous parents) were reviewed at the tertiary endocrine clinic. Child I was noted at birth to have cliteromegaly. Imaging and examination under anaesthetic revealed a normal vagina and uterus but gonads of indeterminate origin. She was 46,XY and basal endocrine investigations at the age of 4 years showed a low AMH for male but otherwise normal gonadal and thyroid function and normal IGF-1. She had a laparoscopic bilateral gonadectomy aged 5 years. Pathology demonstrated bilateral testicular tissue, with substantial fibrotic atrophic change and occasional placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP) positive cells, suggestive of germ cell tumours. Aged 8 years she developed obesity and later hypertension. Child II was reviewed due to short stature and diagnosed with GH deficiency aged 2 years. She has normal adrenal and thyroid function and gonadotrophins. MRI demonstrated an ectopic posterior pituitary. Child III presented with perineal hypospadias, a small phallus, bilateral undescended testes and craniofacial abnormalities. Endocrine investigations revealed hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism, with no testosterone response to hCG stimulation, a low normal AMH and no response of LH or FSH on LHRH stimulation. He has panhypopituitarism with an ectopic posterior pituitary gland on MRI and is currently on treatment with GH, hydrocortisone and levothyroxine. His BP is on the 98th centile for age and height. Child I and Child III have mild developmental delay but are in mainstream school with additional educational support. High-throughput DNA sequencing revealed, in all three siblings, a heterozygous truncating variant in the SEC31A gene that encodes a component of the COPII-complex that coats the vesicles mediating ER to Golgi transport. CRISPR-Cas9 targeted knockout of the corresponding Sec31a region resulted in embryonic lethality in homozygous mice. mRNA phenotyping of ER-related genes demonstrated increased mRNA expression of ATF4 and CHOP in the affected children, genes encoding key ER stress-related proteins, associated with defective protein transport. Conclusions Dysregulation ofanterograde and retrograde COPII-coated-vesicle ER-Golgi transport is increasingly recognised to underlie human developmental disorders, including Craniolenticulosutural dysplasia (OMIM 607812) and Saul-Wilson syndrome (OMIM 618150). The de novo SEC31A nonsense variant in all three affected siblings, the ER stress response, plus reported developmental syndromes with dysfunction of this transport mechanism and evidence from the preclinical mouse model suggest that SEC31A might underlie a previously unrecognised clinical syndrome comprising DSD, endocrine abnormalities, dysmorphic features and developmental delay. Presentation: Monday, June 13, 2022 12:30 p.m. - 2:30 p.m.
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15
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Camargo L, Mary S, Lilla S, Zanivan S, Hartley R, Delles C, Fuller W, Rios FJ, Montezano AC, Touyz RM. Abstract 020: Nox5 Regulates Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell De-differentiation In Human Hypertension. Hypertension 2022. [DOI: 10.1161/hyp.79.suppl_1.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Nox5 is an important source of reactive oxygen species and aberrant redox-sensitive signalling in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) in human hypertension. We aimed to characterize the VSMC proteomic profile and investigate the effects of Nox5-derived ROS on VSMC phenotype in human hypertension. VSMC from resistance arteries from normotensive (NT) and hypertensive (HT) subjects were studied. Proteins were labelled with isobaric tandem mass tags and identified by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. The oxidative proteome was assessed using stable isotope-labelled iodoacetamide to target cysteine thiols. Nox5 silencing was performed by siRNA. Protein expression was detected by western blotting. Pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-8) and pro-collagen I was measured by ELISA in the culture media. Proteomic analysis identified 207 proteins upregulated in HT subjects (fold change>1.5, p<0.05). Gene ontology enrichment analysis showed proteins upregulated in HT were involved in extracellular matrix (ECM) organization, immune response and cell proliferation. ECM proteins (COL1A1, COL9A1, COL10A1, FBN1, FBLN1) and proteins related to interferon and IL-1β pathways (IFIT1, IFIT2, IFIT3, MX1, MX2, ABCA1, ABCA2, IL1RAP, CD36, ICAM1) were increased in cells from HT subjects. The VSMC oxidative proteome analysis identified 88 cysteine-containing peptides highly oxidized in HT (fold change>1.5, p<0.05), including COL11A1, COL16A1, FBLN1 and FBLN2. VSMCs from HT exhibit increased expression of the proliferation marker, PCNA (0.162±0.3 vs NT:0.051±0.04RFU, p<0.05) and pro-collagen I (23.6±2 vs NT:13.2±0.3ng/ml, p<0.05). Production of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 (501.8±23.6 vs NT:121.7±6.4pg/mL) and IL-8 (373.6±34.1 vs NT:262.5±24.6pg/mL, p<0.05) were increased in HT. Nox5 silencing in VSMC from HT subjects reduced PCNA expression(43%), pro-collagen I release (8%), baseline and LPS-induced IL-6 (30% baseline, 43% LPS-induced) and IL-8 (21% baseline, 23% LPS-induced) release (p<0.05). We provide new insights into the proteomic changes related to vascular phenotype in hypertension and demonstrated that Nox5 plays an important role in VSMC phenotypic switching associated with vascular dysfunction in hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sheon Mary
- Univ of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Sergio Lilla
- Cancer Rsch UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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16
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Montezano AC, Rios FJ, Blaikie Z, Saad TE, Camargo L, Beattie W, Jaisser F, Guzik T, Graham D, Touyz RM. Abstract 127: Nox5 Expression In A Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell-specific Manner Induces Fibroblast To Myofibroblast Differentiation. Hypertension 2022. [DOI: 10.1161/hyp.79.suppl_1.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Mice expressing human Nox5 (hNox5) in VSMC exhibit cardfiovascular fibrosis, where mechanisms are unknown. We postulated that VSMC-Nox5 promotes fibroblast to myofibroblast differentiation that contributes to fibrosis. Fibroblasts were cultured from wildtype (WT) and hNOX5 mice. Mice (20 weeks old) were infused with Ang II (600 ng/Kg/day) for 28 days and renal fibrosis/inflammation studied. Markers of myofibroblasts (αSMA), and pro-fibrotic and inflammatory signaling molecules were assessed by qPCR and immunoblotting. Inflammatory infiltrate was assessed by FACS. Fibroblasts from Nox5 mice exhibited increased mRNA of markers of myofibroblast αSMA (2
-ddC
:1.54±0.05
vs.
WT 0.78±0.17) and Myocd (2
-ddC
:1.36±0.17
vs.
WT 0.39±0.22), as well as, pro-fibrotic markers, Col1A1 (2
-ddC
:1.74±0.16
vs.
WT 0.67±0.11), Col3A1 (2
-ddC
:1.74±0.18
vs.
WT 0.96±0.24) and TIMP3 (2
-ddC
:2.65±0.25
vs.
WT 0.38±0.07), p<0.05. mRNA expression of CD36 (2
-ddC
:1.37±0.07
vs.
WT 86±0.24), TNFα (2
-ddC
:1.32±0.2
vs.
WT 0.71±0.17) and TNFR1 (2
-ddC
:1.26±0.04
vs.
WT 1.02±0.10) were increased, while CD68 expression was decreased (2
-ddC
:0.82±0.11
vs.
WT 1.36±0.18) in fibroblasts from Nox5 mice (p<0.05). In Nox5 mice fibroblasts, ROS production and TGFβ protein expression (AU:1.8±0.05
vs.
WT 1.4±0.06), as well as TGFβR2 gene expression (2
-ddC
:2.04±0.17
vs.
WT 0.57±0.12), were increased (p<0.05). mRNA of DNMT3a and TET2, DNA methylation regulatory enzymes, were also increased in fibroblasts from Nox5 mice, p<0.05. Kidneys from Ang II-infused Nox5 mice exhibited significant perivascular fibrosis and inflammatory cell infiltration compared to WT, as well as increased protein expression of TGFβ (AU: 3.59±0.8
vs.
WT 1.54±0.2) and IL-11 (AU: 0.64±0.08
vs.
WT 0.39±0.04), p<0.05; where levels of macrophage F4/80+ cells (%:24±2 vs WT 18±1, p<0.05) and levels of cytotoxic CD8+ T cells were increased, p<0.05. Kidney expression of vimentin (AU:1.01±0.05 vs WT 0.85±0.03) and αSMA (AU:0.44±0.03 vs WT 0.33±0.01), were increased in Nox5 mice (p<0.05). Nox5 regulates fibrosis by inducing fibroblast-to-myofibroblast differentiation, possibly through increased ROS. These processes may be important in Nox5-assocated cardiovascular-renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Livia Camargo
- Rsch Institute of the McGill Univ Health Cntr, Montreal, Canada
| | | | | | - Tomasz Guzik
- ICAMS - Univ of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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17
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Lucas-Herald AK, Montezano AC, Alves-Lopes R, Haddow L, Alimussina M, O’Toole S, Flett M, Lee B, Amjad SB, Steven M, Brooksbank K, McCallum L, Delles C, Padmanabhan S, Ahmed SF, Touyz RM. Vascular dysfunction and increased cardiovascular risk in hypospadias. Eur Heart J 2022; 43:1832-1845. [PMID: 35567552 PMCID: PMC9113289 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Hypogonadism is associated with cardiovascular disease. However, the cardiovascular impact of hypogonadism during development is unknown. Using hypospadias as a surrogate of hypogonadism, we investigated whether hypospadias is associated with vascular dysfunction and is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. METHODS AND RESULTS Our human study spanned molecular mechanistic to epidemiological investigations. Clinical vascular phenotyping was performed in adolescents with hypospadias and controls. Small subcutaneous arteries from penile skin from boys undergoing hypospadias repair and controls were isolated and functional studies were assessed by myography. Vascular smooth muscle cells were used to assess: Rho kinase, reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide synthase/nitric oxide, and DNA damage. Systemic oxidative stress was assessed in plasma and urine. Hospital episode data compared men with a history of hypospadias vs. controls. In adolescents with hypospadias, systolic blood pressure (P = 0.005), pulse pressure (P = 0.03), and carotid intima-media thickness standard deviation scores (P = 0.01) were increased. Arteries from boys with hypospadias demonstrated increased U46619-induced vasoconstriction (P = 0.009) and reduced acetylcholine-induced endothelium-dependent (P < 0.0001) and sodium nitroprusside-induced endothelium-independent vasorelaxation (P < 0.0001). Men born with hypospadias were at increased risk of arrhythmia [odds ratio (OR) 2.8, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.4-5.6, P = 0.003]; hypertension (OR 4.2, 95% CI 1.5-11.9, P = 0.04); and heart failure (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.7-114.3, P = 0.02). CONCLUSION Hypospadias is associated with vascular dysfunction and predisposes to hypertension and cardiovascular disease in adulthood. Underlying mechanisms involve perturbed Rho kinase- and Nox5/ROS-dependent signalling. Our novel findings delineate molecular mechanisms of vascular injury in hypogonadism, and identify hypospadias as a cardiovascular risk factor in males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela K Lucas-Herald
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, British Heart Foundation Centre for Research Excellence, University of Glasgow, 126 University Avenue, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
- Developmental Endocrinology Research Group, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, University of Glasgow, Royal Hospital for Children, 1345 Govan Road, Glasgow G45 8TF, UK
| | - Augusto C Montezano
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, British Heart Foundation Centre for Research Excellence, University of Glasgow, 126 University Avenue, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Rheure Alves-Lopes
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, British Heart Foundation Centre for Research Excellence, University of Glasgow, 126 University Avenue, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Laura Haddow
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, British Heart Foundation Centre for Research Excellence, University of Glasgow, 126 University Avenue, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Malika Alimussina
- Developmental Endocrinology Research Group, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, University of Glasgow, Royal Hospital for Children, 1345 Govan Road, Glasgow G45 8TF, UK
| | - Stuart O’Toole
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Royal Hospital for Children, 1345 Govan Road, Glasgow G45 8TF, UK
| | - Martyn Flett
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Royal Hospital for Children, 1345 Govan Road, Glasgow G45 8TF, UK
| | - Boma Lee
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Royal Hospital for Children, 1345 Govan Road, Glasgow G45 8TF, UK
| | - S Basith Amjad
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Royal Hospital for Children, 1345 Govan Road, Glasgow G45 8TF, UK
| | - Mairi Steven
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Royal Hospital for Children, 1345 Govan Road, Glasgow G45 8TF, UK
| | - Katriona Brooksbank
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, British Heart Foundation Centre for Research Excellence, University of Glasgow, 126 University Avenue, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Linsay McCallum
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, British Heart Foundation Centre for Research Excellence, University of Glasgow, 126 University Avenue, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Christian Delles
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, British Heart Foundation Centre for Research Excellence, University of Glasgow, 126 University Avenue, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Sandosh Padmanabhan
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, British Heart Foundation Centre for Research Excellence, University of Glasgow, 126 University Avenue, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - S Faisal Ahmed
- Developmental Endocrinology Research Group, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, University of Glasgow, Royal Hospital for Children, 1345 Govan Road, Glasgow G45 8TF, UK
| | - Rhian M Touyz
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, British Heart Foundation Centre for Research Excellence, University of Glasgow, 126 University Avenue, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
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18
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Camargo LL, Montezano AC, Hussain M, Wang Y, Zou Z, Rios FJ, Neves KB, Alves-Lopes R, Awan FR, Guzik TJ, Jensen T, Hartley RC, Touyz RM. Central role of c-Src in NOX5- mediated redox signalling in vascular smooth muscle cells in human hypertension. Cardiovasc Res 2022; 118:1359-1373. [PMID: 34320175 PMCID: PMC8953456 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS NOX-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) are mediators of signalling pathways implicated in vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) dysfunction in hypertension. Among the numerous redox-sensitive kinases important in VSMC regulation is c-Src. However, mechanisms linking NOX/ROS to c-Src are unclear, especially in the context of oxidative stress in hypertension. Here, we investigated the role of NOX-induced oxidative stress in VSMCs in human hypertension focusing on NOX5, and explored c-Src, as a putative intermediate connecting NOX5-ROS to downstream effector targets underlying VSMC dysfunction. METHODS AND RESULTS VSMC from arteries from normotensive (NT) and hypertensive (HT) subjects were studied. NOX1,2,4,5 expression, ROS generation, oxidation/phosphorylation of signalling molecules, and actin polymerization and migration were assessed in the absence and presence of NOX5 (melittin) and Src (PP2) inhibitors. NOX5 and p22phox-dependent NOXs (NOX1-4) were down-regulated using NOX5 siRNA and p22phox-siRNA approaches. As proof of concept in intact vessels, vascular function was assessed by myography in transgenic mice expressing human NOX5 in a VSMC-specific manner. In HT VSMCs, NOX5 was up-regulated, with associated oxidative stress, hyperoxidation (c-Src, peroxiredoxin, DJ-1), and hyperphosphorylation (c-Src, PKC, ERK1/2, MLC20) of signalling molecules. NOX5 siRNA reduced ROS generation in NT and HT subjects. NOX5 siRNA, but not p22phox-siRNA, blunted c-Src phosphorylation in HT VSMCs. NOX5 siRNA reduced phosphorylation of MLC20 and FAK in NT and HT. In p22phox- silenced HT VSMCs, Ang II-induced phosphorylation of MLC20 was increased, effects blocked by melittin and PP2. NOX5 and c-Src inhibition attenuated actin polymerization and migration in HT VSMCs. In NOX5 transgenic mice, vascular hypercontractilty was decreased by melittin and PP2. CONCLUSION We define NOX5/ROS/c-Src as a novel feedforward signalling network in human VSMCs. Amplification of this system in hypertension contributes to VSMC dysfunction. Dampening the NOX5/ROS/c-Src pathway may ameliorate hypertension-associated vascular injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia L Camargo
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Augusto C Montezano
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Misbah Hussain
- Diabetes and Cardio-Metabolic Disorders Laboratory, Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Jhang Road, P.O. Box. 577, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Yu Wang
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Zhiguo Zou
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Francisco J Rios
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Karla B Neves
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Rheure Alves-Lopes
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Fazli R Awan
- Diabetes and Cardio-Metabolic Disorders Laboratory, Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Jhang Road, P.O. Box. 577, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Tomasz J Guzik
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Thomas Jensen
- WestCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, University Avenue, G12 8QQ Glasgow, UK
| | - Richard C Hartley
- WestCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, University Avenue, G12 8QQ Glasgow, UK
| | - Rhian M Touyz
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
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19
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Mahindra A, Tejeda G, Rossi M, Janha O, Herbert I, Morris C, Morgan DC, Beattie W, Montezano AC, Hudson B, Tobin AB, Bhella D, Touyz RM, Jamieson AG, Baillie GS, Blair CM. Peptides derived from the SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding motif bind to ACE2 but do not block ACE2-mediated host cell entry or pro-inflammatory cytokine induction. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0260283. [PMID: 34793553 PMCID: PMC8601423 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 viral attachment and entry into host cells is mediated by a direct interaction between viral spike glycoproteins and membrane bound angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). The receptor binding motif (RBM), located within the S1 subunit of the spike protein, incorporates the majority of known ACE2 contact residues responsible for high affinity binding and associated virulence. Observation of existing crystal structures of the SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain (SRBD)-ACE2 interface, combined with peptide array screening, allowed us to define a series of linear native RBM-derived peptides that were selected as potential antiviral decoy sequences with the aim of directly binding ACE2 and attenuating viral cell entry. RBM1 (16mer): S443KVGGNYNYLYRLFRK458, RBM2A (25mer): E484GFNCYFPLQSYGFQPTNGVGYQPY508, RBM2B (20mer): F456NCYFPLQSYGFQPTNGVGY505 and RBM2A-Sc (25mer): NYGLQGSPFGYQETPYPFCNFVQYG. Data from fluorescence polarisation experiments suggested direct binding between RBM peptides and ACE2, with binding affinities ranging from the high nM to low μM range (Kd = 0.207-1.206 μM). However, the RBM peptides demonstrated only modest effects in preventing SRBD internalisation and showed no antiviral activity in a spike protein trimer neutralisation assay. The RBM peptides also failed to suppress S1-protein mediated inflammation in an endogenously expressing ACE2 human cell line. We conclude that linear native RBM-derived peptides are unable to outcompete viral spike protein for binding to ACE2 and therefore represent a suboptimal approach to inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 viral cell entry. These findings reinforce the notion that larger biologics (such as soluble ACE2, 'miniproteins', nanobodies and antibodies) are likely better suited as SARS-CoV-2 cell-entry inhibitors than short-sequence linear peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Mahindra
- School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Gonzalo Tejeda
- Institute of Molecular Cell & Systems Biology, School of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Mario Rossi
- Institute of Molecular Cell & Systems Biology, School of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Omar Janha
- Institute of Molecular Cell & Systems Biology, School of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Imogen Herbert
- MRC Centre for Virus Research, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline Morris
- School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | | | - Wendy Beattie
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Augusto C. Montezano
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Brian Hudson
- Institute of Molecular Cell & Systems Biology, School of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew B. Tobin
- Institute of Molecular Cell & Systems Biology, School of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - David Bhella
- MRC Centre for Virus Research, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Rhian M. Touyz
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | | | - George S. Baillie
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Connor M. Blair
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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20
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Alves-Lopes R, Neves KB, Strembitska A, Harvey AP, Harvey KY, Yusuf H, Haniford S, Hepburn RT, Dyet J, Beattie W, Haddow L, McAbney J, Graham D, Montezano AC. Osteoprotegerin regulates vascular function through syndecan-1 and NADPH oxidase-derived reactive oxygen species. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 135:2429-2444. [PMID: 34668009 DOI: 10.1042/cs20210643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Osteogenic factors, such as osteoprotegerin (OPG), are protective against vascular calcification. However, OPG is also positively associated with cardiovascular damage, particularly in pulmonary hypertension, possibly through processes beyond effects on calcification. In the present study, we focused on calcification-independent vascular effects of OPG through activation of syndecan-1 and NADPH oxidases (Noxs) 1 and 4. Isolated resistance arteries from Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats, exposed to exogenous OPG, studied by myography exhibited endothelial and smooth muscle dysfunction. OPG decreased nitric oxide (NO) production, eNOS activation and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in endothelial cells. In VSMCs, OPG increased ROS production, H2O2/peroxynitrite levels and activation of Rho kinase and myosin light chain. OPG vascular and redox effects were also inhibited by the syndecan-1 inhibitor synstatin (SSNT). Additionally, heparinase and chondroitinase abolished OPG effects on VSMCs-ROS production, confirming syndecan-1 as OPG molecular partner and suggesting that OPG binds to heparan/chondroitin sulphate chains of syndecan-1. OPG-induced ROS production was abrogated by NoxA1ds (Nox1 inhibitor) and GKT137831 (dual Nox1/Nox4 inhibitor). Tempol (SOD mimetic) inhibited vascular dysfunction induced by OPG. In addition, we studied arteries from Nox1 and Nox4 knockout (KO) mice. Nox1 and Nox4 KO abrogated OPG-induced vascular dysfunction. Vascular dysfunction elicited by OPG is mediated by a complex signalling cascade involving syndecan-1, Nox1 and Nox4. Our data identify novel molecular mechanisms beyond calcification for OPG, which may underlie vascular injurious effects of osteogenic factors in conditions such as hypertension and/or diabetes.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cells, Cultured
- Hemodynamics/drug effects
- Male
- Mesenteric Arteries/drug effects
- Mesenteric Arteries/enzymology
- Mesenteric Arteries/physiopathology
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/enzymology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/physiopathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/enzymology
- NADPH Oxidase 1/genetics
- NADPH Oxidase 1/metabolism
- NADPH Oxidase 4/genetics
- NADPH Oxidase 4/metabolism
- NADPH Oxidases/genetics
- NADPH Oxidases/metabolism
- Osteoprotegerin/toxicity
- Oxidative Stress
- Rats, Inbred WKY
- Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Syndecan-1/metabolism
- Mice
- Rats
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhéure Alves-Lopes
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K
| | - Karla Bianca Neves
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K
| | | | - Adam P Harvey
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K
| | - Katie Y Harvey
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K
| | - Hiba Yusuf
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K
| | - Susan Haniford
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K
| | - Ross T Hepburn
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K
| | - Jennifer Dyet
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K
| | - Wendy Beattie
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K
| | - Laura Haddow
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K
| | - John McAbney
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K
| | - Delyth Graham
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K
| | - Augusto C Montezano
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K
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21
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González-Amor M, García-Redondo AB, Jorge I, Zalba G, Becares M, Ruiz-Rodríguez MJ, Rodríguez C, Bermeo H, Rodrigues-Díez R, Rios FJ, Montezano AC, Martínez-González J, Vázquez J, Redondo JM, Touyz RM, Guerra S, Salaices M, Briones AM. Interferon-stimulated gene 15 pathway is a novel mediator of endothelial dysfunction and aneurysms development in angiotensin II infused mice through increased oxidative stress. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 118:3250-3268. [PMID: 34672341 PMCID: PMC9799052 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Interferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) encodes a ubiquitin-like protein that induces a reversible post-translational modification (ISGylation) and can also be secreted as a free form. ISG15 plays an essential role as host-defence response to microbial infection; however, its contribution to vascular damage associated with hypertension is unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS Bioinformatics identified ISG15 as a mediator of hypertension-associated vascular damage. ISG15 expression positively correlated with systolic and diastolic blood pressure and carotid intima-media thickness in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Consistently, Isg15 expression was enhanced in aorta from hypertension models and in angiotensin II (AngII)-treated vascular cells and macrophages. Proteomics revealed differential expression of proteins implicated in cardiovascular function, extracellular matrix and remodelling, and vascular redox state in aorta from AngII-infused ISG15-/- mice. Moreover, ISG15-/- mice were protected against AngII-induced hypertension, vascular stiffness, elastin remodelling, endothelial dysfunction, and expression of inflammatory and oxidative stress markers. Conversely, mice with excessive ISGylation (USP18C61A) show enhanced AngII-induced hypertension, vascular fibrosis, inflammation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation along with elastin breaks, aortic dilation, and rupture. Accordingly, human and murine abdominal aortic aneurysms showed augmented ISG15 expression. Mechanistically, ISG15 induces vascular ROS production, while antioxidant treatment prevented ISG15-induced endothelial dysfunction and vascular remodelling. CONCLUSION ISG15 is a novel mediator of vascular damage in hypertension through oxidative stress and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana B García-Redondo
- Present address. Departamento de Fisiología, Instituto de Investigación Hospital La Paz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. This manuscript was handled by Deputy Editor Dr David G. Harrison
| | - Inmaculada Jorge
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, ISCIII, Spain,Laboratorio de Proteómica Cardiovascular, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, C. Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillermo Zalba
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Genética, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Navarra, C/ Irunlarrea, 1, Pamplona 31008 Navarra, Spain
| | - Martina Becares
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Microbiología, Instituto de Investigación Hospital La Paz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Arzobispo Morcillo 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - María J Ruiz-Rodríguez
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, ISCIII, Spain,Grupo de Regulación Génica en Remodelado Cardiovascular e Inflamación, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, C. Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Rodríguez
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, ISCIII, Spain,Institut de Recerca Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, C/ Sant Quintí, 77, 08041 Barcelona, Spain,Instituto de Investigación Biomédica Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Hugo Bermeo
- Departamento de Farmacología, Instituto de Investigación Hospital La Paz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Arzobispo Morcillo 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Rodrigues-Díez
- Departamento de Farmacología, Instituto de Investigación Hospital La Paz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Arzobispo Morcillo 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain,CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, ISCIII, Spain
| | - Francisco J Rios
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place Glasgow G12 8TA, Glasgow, UK
| | - Augusto C Montezano
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place Glasgow G12 8TA, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jose Martínez-González
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, ISCIII, Spain,Instituto de Investigación Biomédica Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain,Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Barcelona-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IIBB-CSIC), C/ Rosselló, 161, 08036, Barcelona, Spain,Instituto de Investigación Biomédica Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jesús Vázquez
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, ISCIII, Spain,Laboratorio de Proteómica Cardiovascular, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, C. Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Miguel Redondo
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, ISCIII, Spain,Grupo de Regulación Génica en Remodelado Cardiovascular e Inflamación, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, C. Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rhian M Touyz
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place Glasgow G12 8TA, Glasgow, UK
| | - Susana Guerra
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Microbiología, Instituto de Investigación Hospital La Paz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Arzobispo Morcillo 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercedes Salaices
- Departamento de Farmacología, Instituto de Investigación Hospital La Paz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Arzobispo Morcillo 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain,CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, ISCIII, Spain
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22
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Touyz RM, Boyd MO, Guzik T, Padmanabhan S, McCallum L, Delles C, Mark PB, Petrie JR, Rios F, Montezano AC, Sykes R, Berry C. Cardiovascular and Renal Risk Factors and Complications Associated With COVID-19. CJC Open 2021; 3:1257-1272. [PMID: 34151246 PMCID: PMC8205551 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjco.2021.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The current COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus, represents the largest medical challenge in decades. It has exposed unexpected cardiovascular vulnerabilities at all stages of the disease (pre-infection, acute phase, and subsequent chronic phase). The major cardiometabolic drivers identified as having epidemiologic and mechanistic associations with COVID-19 are abnormal adiposity, dysglycemia, dyslipidemia, and hypertension. Hypertension is of particular interest, because components of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), which are critically involved in the pathophysiology of hypertension, are also implicated in COVID-19. Specifically, angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2), a multifunctional protein of the RAS, which is part of the protective axis of the RAS, is also the receptor through which SARS-CoV-2 enters host cells, causing viral infection. Cardiovascular and cardiometabolic comorbidities not only predispose people to COVID-19, but also are complications of SARS-CoV-2 infection. In addition, increasing evidence indicates that acute kidney injury is common in COVID-19, occurs early and in temporal association with respiratory failure, and is associated with poor prognosis, especially in the presence of cardiovascular risk factors. Here, we discuss cardiovascular and kidney disease in the context of COVID-19 and provide recent advances on putative pathophysiological mechanisms linking cardiovascular disease and COVID-19, focusing on the RAS and ACE2, as well as the immune system and inflammation. We provide up-to-date information on the relationships among hypertension, diabetes, and COVID-19 and emphasize the major cardiovascular diseases associated with COVID-19. We also briefly discuss emerging cardiovascular complications associated with long COVID-19, notably postural tachycardia syndrome (POTS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhian M. Touyz
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, British Heart Foundation, Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Marcus O.E. Boyd
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, British Heart Foundation, Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Tomasz Guzik
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, British Heart Foundation, Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Sandosh Padmanabhan
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, British Heart Foundation, Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Linsay McCallum
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, British Heart Foundation, Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Christian Delles
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, British Heart Foundation, Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick B. Mark
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, British Heart Foundation, Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - John R. Petrie
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, British Heart Foundation, Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Francisco Rios
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, British Heart Foundation, Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Augusto C. Montezano
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, British Heart Foundation, Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Sykes
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, British Heart Foundation, Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Colin Berry
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, British Heart Foundation, Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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23
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Neves KB, Alves-lopes R, Lang N, Montezano AC, Touyz RM. Abstract 44: VEGF Inhibitor-induced Vascular Dysfunction Is Ameliorated By PARP/TRPM2 Inhibition. Hypertension 2021. [DOI: 10.1161/hyp.78.suppl_1.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension is a common unwanted effect of VEGF inhibitors (VEGFi), which are used as anti-angiogenic drugs in cancer treatment. Clinical observations suggest that the combination of VEGFi with another anti-cancer drug, olaparib (PARP inhibitor [PARPi]), may attenuate the development of hypertension. However putative vascular mechanisms are unknown. PARP plays a major role in the activation of TRPM2, a redox-sensitive Ca
2+
channel, which is associated with hypertension-induced vascular dysfunction. We hypothesized that PARPi attenuates VEGFi-induced vascular injury through TRPM2/Ca
2+
-dependent pathways. Human vascular smooth muscle cells (hVSMC), human aortic endothelial cells (HAEC), and mouse mesenteric arteries were studied. Cells/arteries were exposed to axitinib (VEGFi) alone (3μM) or in combination with olaparib (1μM). Wire myography was used to assess vascular function. Axitinib reduced ACh-induced vasodilation (% relaxation: 70.5 [Ct] vs. 34.8 [Axi]), an effect blocked by olaparib. U46619- and ET-1-induced vasoconstriction were increased by axitinib (% KCl-
U4
: 101.2 [Ct] vs. 141.4 [Axi];
ET-1
: 122.6 [Ct] vs. 152.5 [Axi]), an effect not observed with axitinib plus olaparib. TRPM2 channel blocker (8-Br-cADPR; 1μM) attenuated the hypercontractile effects and endothelial dysfunction induced by axitinib. Axitinib increased ROS production in hVSMC (RUL: 0.8±0.2 [Ct] vs. 1.1±0.09 [Axi]) and HAEC (0.7±0.4 [Ct] vs. 1.2±0.1 [Axi]), stimulated phosphorylation of the inhibitory site of eNOS (a.u.: 0.99±0.35 [Ct] vs. 1.35±0.10 [Axi]) and induced exaggerated Ca
2+
influx (AUC: 17541±4708 [Ct] vs. 22249±1438 [Axi]) in hVSMC. These effects were blocked by olaparib and 8-Br-cADPR. Axitinib also induced phosphorylation of MLC20 in hVSMC (a.u.: 0.028±0.02 [Ct] vs. 0.04±0.01 [Axi]) and aorta (a.u.: 0.3±0.01 [Ct] vs. 0.5±0.001 [Axi]). Our data indicate that PARP/TRPM2 inhibition attenuates axitinib-mediated vascular dysfunction and normalizes impaired hVSMC and HAEC signalling induced by VEGFi. We define a putative vasoprotective effect of olaparib that may ameliorate vascular injury and hypertension induced by VEGFi in cancer treatment.
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24
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Camargo LL, Mary S, Lilla S, Zanivan S, Bulleid N, Hartley R, Delles C, Leiper J, Fuller W, Montezano AC, Touyz RM. Abstract 56: Proteome Profile Of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells During Phenotypic Switching In Human Hypertension. Hypertension 2021. [DOI: 10.1161/hyp.78.suppl_1.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are key players in vascular dysfunction associated with hypertension, where phenotypic switch is a fundamental process. While various transcription factors have been implicated in this process, the proteomic signature associated with phenotypic switching in human hypertension is unknown. Using high fidelity proteomic analysis, we characterized the proteome profile of VSMC in human hypertension. VSMC derived from resistance arteries from normotensive (NT) and hypertensive (HT) subjects were studied. Protein expression and cell migration were assessed by immunoblotting and wound healing assay. VSMC proteins were labelled with isobaric tandem mass tags and identified by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. The oxidative proteome was assessed using stable isotope-labelled iodoacetamide to target free reduced cysteine thiols. VSMCs from HT subjects exhibit reduced expression of α-SMA (0.05±0.01 vs NT:0.20±0.03, p<0.05), increased expression of the proliferation marker, PCNA (0.162±0.3 vs NT:0.51±0.004, p<0.05), and increased migration (54.68±2.86 vs NT:23.37±8.36, p<0.05). The proteomic analysis identified 207 proteins upregulated in HT subjects (fold change>1.5, p<0.05). There were no changes in protein expression of pathways related to the contractile phenotype (MYH11, CNN1, TAGLN, TPM, CALD1). However, extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins such as COL1A1, COL9A1, COL10A1, FBN1, FBLN1 were increased in cells from HT (fold change>1.5, p<0.05), suggesting a switch to a fibroblast-like phenotype in hypertension. Expression of proteins related to the interferon and IL-1β pathways (IFIT1, IFIT2, IFIT3, MX1, MX2, ABCA1, ABCA2, IL1RAP, CD36, ICAM1) were also increased in cells from HT subjects (fold change>1.5, p<0.05). Considering the importance of oxidative stress in hypertension, we assessed the VSMC oxidative proteome. Results demonstrate that ECM proteins, such as COL11A1 and COL16A1, were highly oxidized in cells from HT (fold change>1.5, p<0.05). Our study provides new insights into the proteomic changes that define the vascular phenotype in hypertension and highlights candidate targets that may drive phenotypic switching associated with vascular injury in hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sheon Mary
- Univ of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Sergio Lilla
- Cancer Rsch UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Sara Zanivan
- Cancer Rsch UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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25
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McCallum L, Lip S, Rios FJ, Neves KB, Kilmartin J, Murray E, Reetoo S, Knox L, Rostron M, Lucas-herald A, du Toit C, Guzik TJ, Delles C, Montezano AC, Dominiczak AF, Padmanabhan S, Touyz RM. Abstract P265: Hypertension, Vascular Dysfunction And Downregulation Of The Renin Angiotensin System Sequelae Of COVID-19. Hypertension 2021. [DOI: 10.1161/hyp.78.suppl_1.p265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension, vascular dysfunction and downregulation of the renin angiotensin system as sequelae of COVID-19
The long-term CV consequences of COVID are unknown however the potential for ongoing cardiac and vascular inflammation with RAAS alteration may increase the risk of developing hypertension and CV disease. Non-hypertensive patients hospitalised in April-May 2020 with either confirmed COVID19 (cases) or non-COVID (controls) diagnosis were recruited ≥12 weeks post-discharge. All underwent detailed BP and vascular/immune and RAAS phenotyping. The primary outcome was ABPM 24-hr SBP. Paired t-tests and multivariable regression models used to assess differences. Thirty cases and eighteen controls completed the study. Cases were older (51±7
vs
45±9 years) with lower discharge SBP (121±10 vs 128±15 mmHg; p0.01). ABPM at study visit was higher in the cases compared to controls (24-hour SBP (OR[95%CI]: 8.6[0.9-16.3]; p0.03), day-time SBP (8.6[1.5-17.3]; p0.02), day-time DBP (4.6[0.1-9.1]; p<0.05). Paired analysis of office BP showed a 11 mmHg difference between cases and controls (11.5[3.12];19.8; p=0.008; figure) Cases had lowerRenin and Ang-1-10 levels (-0.4[-0.9-0.1]; p0.08; -0.7[-1.2- -0.1]; p0.02 respectively) and higher TNF-alpha (0.5[0.1-0.9]; p0.01). Confirmed COVID requiring hospitalisation is associated with elevated SBP, reduced renin and Ang-1-10 and elevated TNF-alpha at ≥12 weeks post-discharge.
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26
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Montezano AC, Camargo L, Mary S, Neves KB, Rios FJ, Alves-lopes R, Beattie W, Herbert I, Herder V, Szemiel AM, McFarlane S, Palmarini M, Bhella D, Touyz RM. Abstract 40: SARS-CoV-2/ACE2 Induces Vascular Inflammatory Responses In Human Microvascular Endothelial Cells Independently Of Viral Replication. Hypertension 2021. [DOI: 10.1161/hyp.78.suppl_1.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for COVID19, binds to ACE2, via its spike protein S1 subunit, leading to viral infection and respiratory disease. COVID-19 is associated with cardiovascular disease and systemic inflammation. Since ACE2 is expressed in vascular cells we questioned whether SARS-CoV-2 induces vascular inflammation and whether this is related to viral infection. Human microvascular endothelial cells (EC) were exposed to recombinant S1p (rS1p) 0.66 μg/mL for 10 min, 5h and 24h. Gene expression was assessed by RT-PCR and levels of IL6 and MCP1, as well as ACE2 activity, were assessed by ELISA. Expression of ICAM1 and PAI1 was assessed by immunoblotting. ACE2 activity was blocked by MLN4760 (ACE2 inhibitor) and siRNA. Viral infection was assessed by exposing Vero E6 (kidney epithelial cells; pos ctl) and EC to 10
5
pfu of SARS-CoV-2 where virus titre was measured by plaque assay. Co-IP coupled mass spectrometry protein identification and label free proteomics were used to investigate ACE2-mediated signalling. rS1p increased IL6 mRNA (14.2±2.1
vs.
C:0.61±0.03 2^-ddCT) and levels (1221.2±18.3
vs.
C:22.77±3.2 pg/mL); MCP1 mRNA (5.55±0.62
vs.
C:0.65±0.04 2^-ddCT) and levels (1110±13.33
vs.
C:876.9±33.4 pg/mL); ICAM1 (17.7±3.1
vs.
C:3.9±0.4 AU) and PAI1 (5.6±0.7
vs.
C: 2.9±0.2), p<0.05. MLN4760, but not rS1p, decreased ACE2 activity (367.4±18
vs.
C: 1011±268 RFU, p<0.05) and blocked rS1p effects on ICAM1 and PAI1. ACE2 siRNA blocked rS1p-induced IL6 release, ICAM1, and PAI1 responses as well as rS1p-induced NFκB activation. Proteomics analysis of the global effect of rS1, identified biological process enrichment of proteins from virus transcription and NFκB signalling. ACE2 Co-IP identified 216 interacting proteins (filtered with ≥1 unique peptide, 1% FDR), linked to cytokine production and inflammation. EC were not susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection, while the virus replicated well in Vero E6. In conclusion, we demonstrate that rS1p induces an inflammatory response through ACE2 in endothelial cells. These effects seem to be independent of viral infection. Our findings suggest that vascular inflammation in COVID-19 involves activation of ACE2-mediated pro-inflammatory signalling that may be unrelated to viral replication.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sheon Mary
- Univ of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | - Imogen Herbert
- MRC - Univ of Glasgow Cntr for Virus Rsch, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Vanessa Herder
- MRC - Univ of Glasgow Cntr for Virus Rsch, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | | | - Steven McFarlane
- MRC - Univ of Glasgow Cntr for Virus Rsch, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | | | - David Bhella
- MRC - Univ of Glasgow Cntr for Virus Rsch, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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27
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Alves-Lopes R, Montezano AC, Neves KB, Harvey A, Rios FJ, Skiba DS, Arendse LB, Guzik TJ, Graham D, Poglitsch M, Sturrock E, Touyz RM. Selective Inhibition of the C-Domain of ACE (Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme) Combined With Inhibition of NEP (Neprilysin): A Potential New Therapy for Hypertension. Hypertension 2021; 78:604-616. [PMID: 34304582 PMCID: PMC8357049 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.121.17041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhéure Alves-Lopes
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (R.A.-L., A.C.M., K.B.N., A.H., F.J.R., D.S.S., T.J.G., D.G., R.M.T.)
| | - Augusto C. Montezano
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (R.A.-L., A.C.M., K.B.N., A.H., F.J.R., D.S.S., T.J.G., D.G., R.M.T.)
| | - Karla B. Neves
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (R.A.-L., A.C.M., K.B.N., A.H., F.J.R., D.S.S., T.J.G., D.G., R.M.T.)
| | - Adam Harvey
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (R.A.-L., A.C.M., K.B.N., A.H., F.J.R., D.S.S., T.J.G., D.G., R.M.T.)
| | - Francisco J. Rios
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (R.A.-L., A.C.M., K.B.N., A.H., F.J.R., D.S.S., T.J.G., D.G., R.M.T.)
| | - Dominik S. Skiba
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (R.A.-L., A.C.M., K.B.N., A.H., F.J.R., D.S.S., T.J.G., D.G., R.M.T.)
| | - Lauren B. Arendse
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Medical Biochemistry, University of Cape Town, South Africa (L.B.A., E.S.)
| | - Tomasz J. Guzik
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (R.A.-L., A.C.M., K.B.N., A.H., F.J.R., D.S.S., T.J.G., D.G., R.M.T.)
| | - Delyth Graham
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (R.A.-L., A.C.M., K.B.N., A.H., F.J.R., D.S.S., T.J.G., D.G., R.M.T.)
| | | | - Edward Sturrock
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Medical Biochemistry, University of Cape Town, South Africa (L.B.A., E.S.)
| | - Rhian M. Touyz
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (R.A.-L., A.C.M., K.B.N., A.H., F.J.R., D.S.S., T.J.G., D.G., R.M.T.)
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28
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Alves-lopes R, Neves KB, Montezano AC, Mary S, Delles C, Touyz RM. Abstract 36: High Salt Induces Vascular Damage Through Redox-sensitive Parp/trpm2-induced Calcium Influx And Inflammasome Modulation Without Influencing Blood Pressure. Hypertension 2021. [DOI: 10.1161/hyp.78.suppl_1.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
High salt diet (HSD) has deleterious effects on the vasculature by mechanisms not fully elucidated. We demonstrated tight coupling between Na
+
and Ca
2+
levels in VSMCs, where PARP-regulated TRPM2, a redox-sensitive Ca
2+
channel, plays an important role. Increased [Ca
2+
]i also contributes to inflammasome assembly, which dysregulates vascular function. We hypothesized that HSD induces a pro-oxidant environment that contributes to PARP-induced TRPM2-activation, Ca
2+
influx and inflammasome assembly, leading to vascular damage. WKY rats were treated with 1% HSD (3 weeks). Blood pressure was assessed by tail-cuff methodology, vascular reactivity was assessed in mesenteric arteries and calcium influx, ROS generation, inflammasome and pro-contractile marker in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in presence and absence of HS medium (HSM-140mM). HSD did not increase blood pressure (BP), but vascular contractility was exaggerated (Emax(mN): WT 10.20 ± 0.70 vs 15.17 ± 1.74), effect reversed by PARP (Emax: 11.14 ± 1.24) and TRPM2 (8-br) (Emax: 11.45 ± 1.11) inhibitors. In VSMCs, HSM behaves as a pro-oxidant agent (ROS-AU: Control 77.51 ± 2.80
vs
130.04 ± 13.89 HSM), leading to increased [Ca
2+
]i (AUC: Control 25562.45 ± 880.48
vs
30924.8 ± 1263.85 HSM) and activation of myosin light chain (pMLC-AU: Control 99.27 ± 1.01
vs
626.87 ±71.28 HSM), by mechanisms dependent on ROS and PARP/TRPM2 activation. HSM also increased expression of inflammasome components NLRP3 (2
ΔΔCt
: Control 1.20 ± 0.01
vs
1.85 ± 0.19 HSM), ASC (2
ΔΔCt
: Control 1.02 ± 0.01
vs
1.49 ± 0.17 HSM) and Caspase 1 (2
ΔΔCt
: Control 1.06 ± 0.03
vs
2.35 ± 0.46 HSM), which was prevented by ROS scavenger Tiron and PARP inhibitor. In conclusion, HSD-induced vascular hypercontractility involves ROS activation of PARP/TRPM2 signalling. Activation of PARP/TRPM2 was associated with increased [Ca
2+
]i and activation of pro-contractile signaling and inflammasome assembly. Normal BP in HSD-fed rats in the presence of vascular damage suggests that ROS/PARP/TRPM2 signaling induced by salt influences vascular function independently of BP elevation. We identify a novel pathway that underlies salt-induced vascular damage and suggest a potential therapeutic role for PARP/TRPM2 inhibitors in vascular dysfunction.
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29
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Kuriakose J, Montezano AC, Lopes R, Sin AYY, Graham D, Baillie G, Touyz RM. Abstract T5: Molecular Mechanisms Involved In The Vascular Protective Effects Of Mas1 And Et
B
R Interaction. Hypertension 2021. [DOI: 10.1161/hyp.78.suppl_1.t5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrated that Mas1 and ET
B
R physically interact in endothelial cells inducing Ang-(1-7) vascular protection. Using high throughput screening of >20,000 druggable compounds, we identified a number of molecules that enhance Mas1:ET
B
R interactions. Of these, 2 potently enhanced interaction between the receptors. These enhancers (Enh), termed Enh3 and Enh4 were used to assess Mas1:ET
B
R interaction and cellular functional responses in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) from normotensive WKY and hypertensive SHRSP rats. Cells were exposed to Enh 3 and Enh4 (10
-5
M) for short (5,15 and 30min) and long timepoints (5hours). Expression of signaling molecules was assessed by immunoblotting and Ca
2+
influx was evaluated using fluorescence microscopy. In WKY VSMCs, Enh 3 short term stimulation reduced basal ERK1/2 phosphorylation (26.8±5.9% vs veh, p<0.01), an effect absent in SHRSP VSMCs, while Enh 4 had no effect. Short term exposure to Enh 4, but not Enh3, reduced basal MLC20 phosphorylation (54.9±7.5% vs veh, p<0.001) in WKY but not in SHRSP VSMCs. In SHRSP VSMCs, Enh 3, but not Enh4, reduced basal AKT phosphorylation (63.5±8.9% vs veh, p<0.001). Long term stimulation with Enh 3 reduced expression of AKT (38.0±2.0% vs veh, p<0.001), PCNA (60.0±7.0% vs veh, p<0.001), and VCAM-1 (35.0±8.0% vs veh, p<0.001) in WKY VSMCs. Similarly, AKT (35.0±12.0% vs veh, p<0.05) expression was reduced by Enh 3, with no effect on other markers in SHRSP VSMCs. Enh 4 long-term stimulation reduced AKT expression (30.0±10.0% vs veh, p<0.05) in WKY VSMCs, without effect on SHRSP VSMCs. ET-1 induced Ca
2+
influx in WKY and SHRSP VSMCs was unaffected by Enh3 and Enh4. In conclusion, enhancing Mas1:ET
B
R interaction attenuates mitogenic and pro-inflammatory signaling pathways in WKY and SHRSP VSMCs. Enhancing interaction between these receptors does not increase Ca
2+
signaling, important in VSMC contraction. Our data suggest that Enh3 and Enh4 may have VSMC protective effects and that they do not amplify injurious signaling induced by ET-1/ETBR. These findings identify a potential new strategy in vasoprotection.
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30
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Rios FJ, Montezano AC, Camargo LL, Lopes RA, Aranday-Cortes E, McLauchlan J, Touyz RM. Abstract P262: Spike Protein 1 Of Sars-cov-2 Increases Interferon Stimulated Genes And Induces An Immune/inflammatory Responses In Human Endothelial Cells. Hypertension 2021. [DOI: 10.1161/hyp.78.suppl_1.p262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Introduction:
Interferon (IFN) alpha (IFNα) and lambda3 (IFNL3) constitute the first line of immunity against SARS-CoV-2 infection by increasing interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). IFNs influence the expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), the receptor for S-protein (S1P) of SARS-CoV-2. Here we hypothesized that in human microvascular endothelial cells (EC) IFNL3 and IFNα influence ACE2 and immune/inflammatory responses mediated by S1P.
Methods:
EC were stimulated with S1P of SARS-CoV-2 (1 μg/10^6 cells), IFNα (100 ng/mL) or IFNL3 (100 IU/mL). Because ACE2, metalloproteinase domain 17 (ADAM17) and type II transmembrane serine protease (TMPRSS2) are important for SARS-CoV-2 infection, cells were treated with inhibitors of ADAM17 (marimastat, 3.8nM and TAPI-1, 100nM), ACE2 (MLN4760, 440pM), and TMPRSS2 (camostat, 50μM). Expression of ISGs (ISG15, IFIT1, and MX1) was investigated by real-time PCR (5h) and protein expression by immunoblotting (24h).
Results:
EC stimulated with S1P increased expression of ISGs: ISG15 (2 fold), IFIT1 (6 fold), MX1 (6 fold) (n=12, p<0.05). EC exhibited higher responses to IFNα (ISG15: 16 fold, IFIT1: 21 fold, MX1: 31 fold) than to IFNL3 (ISG15: 1.7 fold, IFIT1: 1.9 fold, MX1: 1.7 fold) (p<0.05). S1P increased gene expression of IL-6 (1.3 fold), TNFα (6.2 fold) and IL-1β (3.3 fold), effects that were maximized 100% by IFNα. Only marimastat inhibited S1P effects. IL-6 was increased by IFNα (1230 pg/mL) and IFNL3 (1124 pg/mL) vs control (591pg/mL). IFNα increased expression of ACE2 (75 kDa) (63%), ADAM17 (36%), and TMPRSS2 (65%). This was associated with increased phosphorylation of Stat1 (134%), Stat2 (102%), ERK1/2 (42%). Nitric oxide production and eNOS phosphorylation (Ser1177) were reduced by IFNα and (40%) and IFNL3 (40%).
Conclusions:
In human microvascular endothelial cells, S1P, IFNα and IFNL3 induced an immune response characterized by increased expression of interferon-stimulated genes and IL-6 production, processes that involve ADAM17. Inflammation induced by S1P was amplified by IFNα. Our novel findings demonstrate that S1P induces an endothelial immune/inflammatory response that may be important in endotheliitis associated with COVID-19.
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31
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Mirabito Colafella KM, Neves KB, Montezano AC, Garrelds IM, van Veghel R, de Vries R, Uijl E, Baelde HJ, van den Meiracker AH, Touyz RM, Danser AHJ, Versmissen J. Selective ETA vs. dual ETA/B receptor blockade for the prevention of sunitinib-induced hypertension and albuminuria in WKY rats. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 116:1779-1790. [PMID: 31593221 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvz260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Although effective in preventing tumour growth, angiogenesis inhibitors cause off-target effects including cardiovascular toxicity and renal injury, most likely via endothelin (ET)-1 up-regulation. ET-1 via stimulation of the ETA receptor has pro-hypertensive actions whereas stimulation of the ETB receptor can elicit both pro- or anti-hypertensive effects. In this study, our aim was to determine the efficacy of selective ETA vs. dual ETA/B receptor blockade for the prevention of angiogenesis inhibitor-induced hypertension and albuminuria. METHODS AND RESULTS Male Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats were treated with vehicle, sunitinib (angiogenesis inhibitor; 14 mg/kg/day) alone or in combination with macitentan (ETA/B receptor antagonist; 30 mg/kg/day) or sitaxentan (selective ETA receptor antagonist; 30 or 100 mg/kg/day) for 8 days. Compared with vehicle, sunitinib treatment caused a rapid and sustained increase in mean arterial pressure of ∼25 mmHg. Co-treatment with macitentan or sitaxentan abolished the pressor response to sunitinib. Sunitinib did not induce endothelial dysfunction. However, it was associated with increased aortic, mesenteric, and renal oxidative stress, an effect that was absent in mesenteric arteries of the macitentan and sitaxentan co-treated groups. Albuminuria was greater in the sunitinib- than vehicle-treated group. Co-treatment with sitaxentan, but not macitentan, prevented this increase in albuminuria. Sunitinib treatment increased circulating and urinary prostacyclin levels and had no effect on thromboxane levels. These increases in prostacyclin were blunted by co-treatment with sitaxentan. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that both selective ETA and dual ETA/B receptor antagonism prevents sunitinib-induced hypertension, whereas sunitinib-induced albuminuria was only prevented by selective ETA receptor antagonism. In addition, our results uncover a role for prostacyclin in the development of these effects. In conclusion, selective ETA receptor antagonism is sufficient for the prevention of sunitinib-induced hypertension and renal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina M Mirabito Colafella
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Department of Physiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, 26 Innovation Walk, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
- Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Karla B Neves
- Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Augusto C Montezano
- Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Ingrid M Garrelds
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Department of Physiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, 26 Innovation Walk, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Richard van Veghel
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Department of Physiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, 26 Innovation Walk, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - René de Vries
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Department of Physiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, 26 Innovation Walk, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Estrellita Uijl
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Department of Physiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, 26 Innovation Walk, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Hans J Baelde
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Anton H van den Meiracker
- Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rhian M Touyz
- Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - A H Jan Danser
- Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jorie Versmissen
- Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| |
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32
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Masi S, Rizzoni D, Taddei S, Widmer RJ, Montezano AC, Lüscher TF, Schiffrin EL, Touyz RM, Paneni F, Lerman A, Lanza GA, Virdis A. Assessment and pathophysiology of microvascular disease: recent progress and clinical implications. Eur Heart J 2021; 42:2590-2604. [PMID: 33257973 PMCID: PMC8266605 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of novel, non-invasive techniques and standardization of protocols to assess microvascular dysfunction have elucidated the key role of microvascular changes in the evolution of cardiovascular (CV) damage, and their capacity to predict an increased risk of adverse events. These technical advances parallel with the development of novel biological assays that enabled the ex vivo identification of pathways promoting microvascular dysfunction, providing novel potential treatment targets for preventing cerebral-CV disease. In this article, we provide an update of diagnostic testing strategies to detect and characterize microvascular dysfunction and suggestions on how to standardize and maximize the information obtained from each microvascular assay. We examine emerging data highlighting the significance of microvascular dysfunction in the development CV disease manifestations. Finally, we summarize the pathophysiology of microvascular dysfunction emphasizing the role of oxidative stress and its regulation by epigenetic mechanisms, which might represent potential targets for novel interventions beyond conventional approaches, representing a new frontier in CV disease reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Masi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Damiano Rizzoni
- Clinica Medica, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.,Division of Medicine, Istituto Clinico Città di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Stefano Taddei
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Robert Jay Widmer
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Augusto C Montezano
- Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Thomas F Lüscher
- Heart Division, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospital and Imperial College, London, UK.,Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ernesto L Schiffrin
- Department of Medicine and Lady Davis Institute, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Rhian M Touyz
- Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Francesco Paneni
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.,Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center, University Hospital Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland.,Department of Research and Education, University Hospital Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Amir Lerman
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Gaetano A Lanza
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Agostino Virdis
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| |
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33
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Abstract
A link between oxidative stress and hypertension has been firmly established in multiple animal models of hypertension but remains elusive in humans. While initial studies focused on inactivation of nitric oxide by superoxide, our understanding of relevant reactive oxygen species (superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, and peroxynitrite) and how they modify complex signaling pathways to promote hypertension has expanded significantly. In this review, we summarize recent advances in delineating the primary and secondary sources of reactive oxygen species (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidases, uncoupled endothelial nitric oxide synthase, endoplasmic reticulum, and mitochondria), the posttranslational oxidative modifications they induce on protein targets important for redox signaling, their interplay with endogenous antioxidant systems, and the role of inflammasome activation and endoplasmic reticular stress in the development of hypertension. We highlight how oxidative stress in different organ systems contributes to hypertension, describe new animal models that have clarified the importance of specific proteins, and discuss clinical studies that shed light on how these processes and pathways are altered in human hypertension. Finally, we focus on the promise of redox proteomics and systems biology to help us fully understand the relationship between ROS and hypertension and their potential for designing and evaluating novel antihypertensive therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathy K Griendling
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University, Atlanta, USA
| | - Livia L Camargo
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow
| | - Francisco Rios
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow
| | - Rhéure Alves-Lopes
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow
| | - Augusto C Montezano
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow
| | - Rhian M Touyz
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow
| |
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34
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Neves KB, Morris HE, Alves-Lopes R, Muir KW, Moreton F, Delles C, Montezano AC, Touyz RM. Peripheral arteriopathy caused by Notch3 gain-of-function mutation involves ER and oxidative stress and blunting of NO/sGC/cGMP pathway. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 135:753-773. [PMID: 33681964 DOI: 10.1042/cs20201412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Notch3 mutations cause Cerebral Autosomal Dominant Arteriopathy with Subcortical Infarcts and Leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL), which predisposes to stroke and dementia. CADASIL is characterised by vascular dysfunction and granular osmiophilic material (GOM) accumulation in cerebral small vessels. Systemic vessels may also be impacted by Notch3 mutations. However vascular characteristics and pathophysiological processes remain elusive. We investigated mechanisms underlying the peripheral vasculopathy mediated by CADASIL-causing Notch3 gain-of-function mutation. We studied: (i) small arteries and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) from TgNotch3R169C mice (CADASIL model), (ii) VSMCs from peripheral arteries from CADASIL patients, and (iii) post-mortem brains from CADASIL individuals. TgNotch3R169C vessels exhibited GOM deposits, increased vasoreactivity and impaired vasorelaxation. Hypercontractile responses were normalised by fasudil (Rho kinase inhibitor) and 4-phenylbutyrate (4-PBA; endoplasmic-reticulum (ER) stress inhibitor). Ca2+ transients and Ca2+ channel expression were increased in CADASIL VSMCs, with increased expression of Rho guanine nucleotide-exchange factors (GEFs) and ER stress proteins. Vasorelaxation mechanisms were impaired in CADASIL, evidenced by decreased endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) phosphorylation and reduced cyclic guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cGMP) levels, with associated increased soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) oxidation, decreased sGC activity and reduced levels of the vasodilator hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). In VSMCs from CADASIL patients, sGC oxidation was increased and cGMP levels decreased, effects normalised by fasudil and 4-PBA. Cerebral vessels in CADASIL patients exhibited significant oxidative damage. In conclusion, peripheral vascular dysfunction in CADASIL is associated with altered Ca2+ homoeostasis, oxidative stress and blunted eNOS/sGC/cGMP signaling, processes involving Rho kinase and ER stress. We identify novel pathways underlying the peripheral arteriopathy induced by Notch3 gain-of-function mutation, phenomena that may also be important in cerebral vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla B Neves
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K
| | - Hannah E Morris
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K
| | - Rhéure Alves-Lopes
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K
| | - Keith W Muir
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow and Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, U.K
| | - Fiona Moreton
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow and Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, U.K
| | - Christian Delles
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K
| | - Augusto C Montezano
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K
| | - Rhian M Touyz
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K
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35
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Anagnostopoulou A, Camargo LL, Rodrigues D, Montezano AC, Touyz RM. Importance of cholesterol-rich microdomains in the regulation of Nox isoforms and redox signaling in human vascular smooth muscle cells. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17818. [PMID: 33082354 PMCID: PMC7575553 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73751-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) function is regulated by Nox-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) and redox-dependent signaling in discrete cellular compartments. Whether cholesterol-rich microdomains (lipid rafts/caveolae) are involved in these processes is unclear. Here we examined the sub-cellular compartmentalization of Nox isoforms in lipid rafts/caveolae and assessed the role of these microdomains in VSMC ROS production and pro-contractile and growth signaling. Intact small arteries and primary VSMCs from humans were studied. Vessels from Cav-1-/- mice were used to test proof of concept. Human VSMCs express Nox1, Nox4, Nox5 and Cav-1. Cell fractionation studies showed that Nox1 and Nox5 but not Nox4, localize in cholesterol-rich fractions in VSMCs. Angiotensin II (Ang II) stimulation induced trafficking into and out of lipid rafts/caveolae for Nox1 and Nox5 respectively. Co-immunoprecipitation studies showed interactions between Cav-1/Nox1 but not Cav-1/Nox5. Lipid raft/caveolae disruptors (methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MCD) and Nystatin) and Ang II stimulation variably increased O2- generation and phosphorylation of MLC20, Ezrin-Radixin-Moesin (ERM) and p53 but not ERK1/2, effects recapitulated in Cav-1 silenced (siRNA) VSMCs. Nox inhibition prevented Ang II-induced phosphorylation of signaling molecules, specifically, ERK1/2 phosphorylation was attenuated by mellitin (Nox5 inhibitor) and Nox5 siRNA, while p53 phosphorylation was inhibited by NoxA1ds (Nox1 inhibitor). Ang II increased oxidation of DJ1, dual anti-oxidant and signaling molecule, through lipid raft/caveolae-dependent processes. Vessels from Cav-1-/- mice exhibited increased O2- generation and phosphorylation of ERM. We identify an important role for lipid rafts/caveolae that act as signaling platforms for Nox1 and Nox5 but not Nox4, in human VSMCs. Disruption of these microdomains promotes oxidative stress and Nox isoform-specific redox signalling important in vascular dysfunction associated with cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aikaterini Anagnostopoulou
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | - Livia L Camargo
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | - Daniel Rodrigues
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | - Augusto C Montezano
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | - Rhian M Touyz
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK.
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36
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Neves KB, Montezano AC, Lang NN, Touyz RM. Vascular toxicity associated with anti-angiogenic drugs. Clin Sci (Lond) 2020; 134:2503-2520. [PMID: 32990313 DOI: 10.1042/cs20200308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Over the past two decades, the treatment of cancer has been revolutionised by the highly successful introduction of novel molecular targeted therapies and immunotherapies, including small-molecule kinase inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies that target angiogenesis by inhibiting vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling pathways. Despite their anti-angiogenic and anti-cancer benefits, the use of VEGF inhibitors (VEGFi) and other tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) has been hampered by potent vascular toxicities especially hypertension and thromboembolism. Molecular processes underlying VEGFi-induced vascular toxicities still remain unclear but inhibition of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS), reduced nitric oxide (NO) production, oxidative stress, activation of the endothelin system, and rarefaction have been implicated. However, the pathophysiological mechanisms still remain elusive and there is an urgent need to better understand exactly how anti-angiogenic drugs cause hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). This is especially important because VEGFi are increasingly being used in combination with other anti-cancer dugs, such as immunotherapies (immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs)), other TKIs, drugs that inhibit epigenetic processes (histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor) and poly (adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors, which may themselves induce cardiovascular injury. Here, we discuss vascular toxicities associated with TKIs, especially VEGFi, and provide an up-to-date overview on molecular mechanisms underlying VEGFi-induced vascular toxicity and cardiovascular sequelae. We also review the vascular effects of VEGFi when used in combination with other modern anti-cancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla B Neves
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, U.K
| | - Augusto C Montezano
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, U.K
| | - Ninian N Lang
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, U.K
| | - Rhian M Touyz
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, U.K
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37
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Neves KB, Morris H, Alves-lopes R, Montezano AC, Touyz RM. Abstract MP31: Peripheral Vascular Dysfunction In A Model Of Small Vessel Disease Of The Brain (CADASIL) Involves Impaired Redox-sensitive Cyclic GMP/PKG Signaling. Hypertension 2020. [DOI: 10.1161/hyp.76.suppl_1.mp31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
CADASIL, a monogenic condition due to
Notch3
mutations, is a very aggressive small vessel disease of the brain resulting in premature vascular dementia and stroke. Changes in cerebral vessels include vascular dysfunction and narrowing, and accumulation of granular osmiophilic material (GOM). It is not clear whether small peripheral arteries undergo similar damage. Therefore, our aim is to assess vascular dysfunction and associated mechanisms in mesenteric resistance arteries from CADASIL mice. Mesenteric arteries (MA) from male CADASIL-causing
Notch3
mutation (TgNotch3
R169C
) and wildtype (TgNotch3
WT
) mice (6 months old) were investigated. GOM deposits in MA from CADASIL mice were identified by electron microscopy. mRNA expression of
Notch3
(WT: 2.0±0.5 vs. 6.0±1.3) and its downstream target HeyL (WT: 1.1±0.4 vs. 2.9±0.6) was augmented in CADASIL mice (p<0.01), suggesting increased Notch3 activation. CADASIL mice exhibited endothelial-dependent (Emax 109.9±7.4 vs. 81.3±5.4) and -independent dysfunction (pD
2
7.8±0.1 vs. 6.8±0.3); effects associated with increased eNOS inhibition (p-Thr
495
) (1.8-fold increase) and decreased cGMP levels (1.2±0.2 vs. 0.59±0.2) (p<0.05). Plasma lipid peroxidation (0.8±0.1 vs. 2.0±0.3; p<0.05) and vascular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production (7.2±1.9 vs. 75.4±35.0; p<0.05) were increased in TgNotch3
R169C
mice; processes associated with upregulation of soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) oxidation and decreased sGC activity. H
2
O
2
levels were decreased in TgNotch3
R169C
mice (1.9±0.2 vs. 1.1±1.9; p<0.05), which was associated with reduced activation of protein kinase G (PKG). Observations in TgNotch3
R169C
mice were recapitulated in human CADASIL, where ROS levels (0.8±0.1 vs. 4.1±2.7; p<0.05) and sGC oxidation were also increased. Our findings demonstrate that the vasculopathy associated with a CADASIL Notch3 gain-of-function mutation in peripheral small vessels involves reduction in eNOS activation and redox-sensitive processes leading to impaired sGC/cGMP signalling pathway. We identify a potential new therapeutic target in CADASIL, for which there are no disease-specific treatments.
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GAO X, Rios F, Montezano AC, Touyz RM, Fuller W. Abstract P092: Palmitoylation Controls Cell Surface Abundance Of Trpm7. Hypertension 2020. [DOI: 10.1161/hyp.76.suppl_1.p092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Magnesium regulates numerous cellular functions and enzymes and abnormal magnesium homeostasis contributes to vascular dysfunction and the development of hypertension. The transient receptor potential melastatin 7 (TrpM7) has emerged as a key player in cardiovascular magnesium homeostasis. This bifunctional channel/kinase is ubiquitously expressed and regulates embryonic development. Its integral membrane ion channel domain regulates transmembrane movement of divalent cations, primarily Ca
2+
, Mg
2+
and Zn
2+
, and its kinase domain controls gene expression via histone phosphorylation. TrpM7 not only localizes on the cell surface to serve as a critical regulator of transmembrane Mg
2+
flux, but also forms an intracellular Zn
2+
release channel in vesicles of unknown origin. Palmitoylation is a dynamic reversible posttranslational modification, which regulates ion channel activity, stability, and subcellular localization. We found that TrpM7 is palmitoylated in multiple cell types. Here we sought to identify palmitoylated cysteines and the functional consequences of TrpM7 palmitoylation in HEK cells. Mutation of Cysteines 1143, 1144 and 1146 on TrpM7 (TrpM7-AAA) to alanines reduced its palmitoylation by 68.4±8% (n=13;
P
<0.05), identifying this cluster of cysteines as the principal sites of palmitoylation. Fluorescent microscopy indicated that TrpM7-AAA was retained in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), but when the palmitoylated cysteines in TrpM7 were replaced with the analogous regions of TrpM2 (M7/M2) or TrpM5 (M7/M5), the chimaeric proteins could exit the ER despite being 80.6±13% (n=3;
P
<0.05) and 70.6±17% (n=3;
P
<0.05) less palmitoylated than wild type respectively. Using membrane-impermeable biotinylation reagents we found that palmitoylation alters the balance of distribution of TrpM7 between vesicular and cell surface pools. The proportion of M7/M2 and M7/M5 reaching the cell surface membrane was decreased by 69.0±14% (n=3;
P
<0.05) and 51.4±9% (n=3;
P
<0.05) respectively, compared to wild type. Therefore, inhibiting TrpM7 palmitoylation reduced its cell surface abundance. The impact of palmitoylation on TrpM7 channel activity and its contributions to hypertension and vascular pathologies need further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- xing GAO
- Univ of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Francisco Rios
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Med Sciences, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - William Fuller
- Institute of Cardiovascular & Med Sciences, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| |
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39
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Rios FJ, Zou Z, Neves KB, Nichol SS, Camargo LL, Alves-lopes R, Chubanov V, Gudermann T, Montezano AC, Touyz RM. Abstract MP13: TRPM7 Downregulation Contributes To Cardiovascular Injury And Hypertension Induced By Aldosterone And Salt. Hypertension 2020. [DOI: 10.1161/hyp.76.suppl_1.mp13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
TRPM7 has cation channel and kinase properties, is permeable to Mg
2+
, Ca
2+
, and Zn
2+
and is protective in the cardiovascular system. Hyperaldosteronism, which induces hypertension and cardiovascular fibrosis, is associated with Mg
2+
wasting. Here we questioned whether TRPM7 plays a role in aldosterone- induced hypertension and fibrosis and whether it influences cation regulation. Wild-type (WT) and TRPM7-deficient (M7+/Δ) mice were treated with aldosterone (600μg/Kg/day) and/or 1% NaCl (drinking water) (aldo, salt or aldo-salt) for 4 weeks. Blood pressure (BP) was evaluated by tail-cuff. Vessel structure was assessed by pressure myography. Molecular mechanisms were investigated in cardiac fibroblasts (CF) from WT and M7+/Δ mice. Protein expression was assessed by western-blot and histology. M7+/Δ mice exhibited reduced TRPM7 expression (30%) and phosphorylation (62%), levels that were recapitulated in WT aldo-salt mice. M7+/Δ exhibited increased BP by aldo, salt and aldo-salt (135-140mmHg) vs M7+/Δ-veh (117mmHg) (p<0.05), whereas in WT, BP was increased only by aldo-salt (134mmHg). Mesenteric resistance arteries from WT aldo-salt exhibited increased wall/lumen ratio (80%) and reduced internal diameter (15%) whereas vessels from M7+/Δ exhibited thinner walls by reducing cross-sectional area (35%) and increased internal diameter (23%) after aldo-salt. Aldo-salt induced greater collagen deposition in hearts (68%), kidneys (126%) and aortas (45%) from M7+/Δ vs WT. Hearts from M7+/Δ veh exhibited increased TGFβ, IL-11 and IL-6 (1.9-fold), p-Smad3 and p-Stat1 (1.5-fold) whereas in WT these effects were only found after aldo-salt. Cardiac expression of protein phosphatase magnesium-dependent 1A (PPM1A), a Mg
2+
-dependent phosphatase, was reduced (3-fold) only in M7+/Δ mice. M7+/Δ CF showed reduced proliferation (30%) and PPM1A (4-fold) and increased expression of TGFβ, IL-11 and IL-6 (2-3-fold), activation of Stat1 (2-fold), Smad3 (9-fold) and ERK1/2 (8-fold) compared with WT. Mg
2+
supplementation normalized cell proliferation and reduced protein phosphorylation in M7+/Δ CF (p<0.05). Our findings indicate a protective role of TRPM7 in aldosterone-salt induced cardiovascular injury through Mg
2+
-dependent mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - ZhiGuo Zou
- UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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40
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Neves KB, Lopes RA, Strembitska A, Hepburn R, Beattie W, Graham D, Montezano AC. Abstract P083: Fetuin-a Induces Vascular Dysfunction Through Toll-like Receptor 4 And Nox1/4 Activation. Hypertension 2020. [DOI: 10.1161/hyp.76.suppl_1.p083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Although studies demonstrate an important role for fetuin-A (FetA) in the inhibition of vascular calcification, convincing evidence suggests that fetuin-A is also involved in insulin resistance, inflammation and cardiovascular damage. The present study seeks to unravel FetA vascular effects and associated molecular mechanisms, focusing on oxidative stress and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). Vascular function studies were performed in mesenteric resistance arteries from WKY rats, wild-type, Nox1 KO, Nox4 KO and Ang II-dependent hypertensive mice (LinA3) and rat aortic endothelial cells (RAEC). ROS production (chemiluminescence, Amplex Red, ELISA) and pro-inflammatory markers expression (RT-PCR) were measured in VSMCs from WKY rats and RAEC. FetA impaired endothelium-dependent (LogEC50 7.320±0.08 M vs control 8.025±0.06) and endothelium-independent vasorelaxation (LogEC50 6.48±0.19 M vs control 7.38±0.12), p<0.05; effects blocked by tempol (superoxide dismutase mimetic), Nox1 inhibitor, ML171, and TLR4 inhibitor, CLI095. We did not observe any changes in contraction. FetA increased ROS production (62%) and peroxynitrite levels (158%) in VSMCs; while in RAEC, FetA increased ROS production (105%) followed by a decrease in H2O2 (62%) levels (p<0.05 vs control). FetA-induced effects on ROS were inhibited by ML171 and GKT137831 (Nox1/Nox4 inhibitor), as well as CLI095. Vascular dysfunction in arteries from Nox1 and Nox4 KO mice was unaffected by FetA. Activation of the FetA/TLR4/Nox axis led to an increase in IL-1β (190%), Il-6 (124%) and RANTES mRNA expression(116%) in RAEC, p<0.05 vs control. FetA enhanced vascular dysfunctionin LinA3 mice. Together, these results suggest that FetA through TLR4/Nox1 and 4-derived ROS leads to vascular dysfunction and inflammation, which may play an important role in the development of vascular injury during hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ross Hepburn
- ICAMS - UNIV OF GLASGOW, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | |
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41
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Alves-Lopes R, Neves KB, Harvey A, Montezano AC, Touyz RM. Abstract MP29: Activation Of Transient Receptor Potential Melastatin 2 (trpm2) Cation Channel Contributes To Nox4-induced Protective Effects In Endothelial Cells. Hypertension 2020. [DOI: 10.1161/hyp.76.suppl_1.mp29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
NOX4-induced H
2
O
2
production promotes vasodilation and is cardiovascular protective. H
2
O
2
also regulates TRPM2, a redox-sensitive channel that regulates Ca
2
influx. eNOS is a Ca
2+
-dependent enzyme, and hypertension-associated endothelial dysfunction involves eNOS inactivation. As NOX4-derived H
2
O
2
regulates TRPM2 and consequently Ca
2+
influx, we questioned whether downregulation of the H
2
O
2
-TRPM2-Ca
2+
axis in endothelial cells may contributes to impaired vascular relaxation in hypertension. WT and TTRhRen hypertensive mice were crossed with Nox4 KO mice. Vascular function was studied in mesenteric resistance arteries by wire myography. Ca
2+
influx was assessed by fluorescence microscopy in aortic endothelial cells, eNOS activation and TRPM2 expression were assessed by immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Blood pressure in TTRhRen (130.3±7.0 mmHg) and TTRhRen/NOX4 KO mice (141.3±18 mmHg) was significantly increased compared to control mice (98.1±8.0 mmHg). Endothelium-dependent relaxation was impaired in TTRhRen mice (Emax: WT 83.5±4.03
vs
TTRhRen 59.1±3.5), effects worsened by NOX4 KO (37.9±5.4), p<0.05. Activation of TRPM2 with ADPR, improved vascular relaxation in TTRhRen/NOX4 KO mice (75.9±7.7); an effect also achieved with H
2
O
2
incubation (74.2±15.4), p<0.05. Ang II stimulated H
2
O
2
generation (% of control: 138.23±9.04) followed by Ca
2+
influx (AUC - Ca
2+
: 19401.25±1940.21), an important regulator of eNOS. These processes were reduced by TRPM2 inhibition (AUC - Ca
2+
: 8-br-cADPR 15232.2±1052.0; Olaparib 14260±843.2 and 2-APB 13095.2±277.4, p<0.05) and by the NOX1/4 inhibitor GKT137831 (AUC - Ca
2+
: Ang II 107357±1940.2 vs GKT 15067.5±255.6, p<0.05). Activation of eNOS (Ser1177) by Ang II in endothelial cells was blocked by PEG-catalase, GKT137831, and the TRPM2 inhibitor 8-br-cADPR. TRPM2 inhibitors also increased MAPK expression in endothelial cells. In conclusion, endothelial dysfunction in TTRhRen/NOX4 KO mice involves impaired TRPM2 activation. Reduced bioavailability of H
2
O
2
due to Nox4 downregulation is a major driver of this process. We identify a new axis in endothelial cells involving Nox4-H
2
O
2
-mediated activation of TRPM2-Ca
2+
-eNOS signalling which is vasoprotective.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Adam Harvey
- UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | | | | |
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42
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Rios FJ, Zou Z, Neves KB, Alves-lopes R, Ling J, Baillie GG, Gao X, Fuller W, Camargo LL, Gudermann T, Chubanov V, Montezano AC, Touyz RM. Abstract MP48: EGF Regulates VSMC Migration And Proliferation Through Crosstalk Between TRPM7 And EGFR. Hypertension 2020. [DOI: 10.1161/hyp.76.suppl_1.mp48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor (EGF), signals throught the EGF receptor (EGFR) and plays an important role in the pathogenesis of vascular remodeling. Transient receptor potential melastatin 7 (TRPM7) is a channel bound to a kinase domain important for Mg
2+
, Zn
2+
and Ca
2+
homeostasis. Cancer patients treated with EGFR inhibitors develop hypomagnesemia, suggesting a relationship between EGFR and TRPM7. Here we investigated the role of TRPM7 in EGF signaling in vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) from humans (hVSMC) and rats (rVSMC). VSMCs were stimulated with EGF (50ng/ml) for 5min and 24h with/without pretreatment of gefitinib (1μM), PP2 (10μM), 2APB (30μM) and NS8593 (40μM), inhibitors of EGFR, c-Src kinase and TRPM7 respectively. Aortas were isolated from wild type (WT), TRPM7-deficient (TRPM7
+/Δkinase
) and kinase-dead (TRPM7
R/R
) mice. Protein expression was assessed by immunoblotting. Ca
2+
and Mg
2+
were assessed using Cal-520 and Mg-green probes respectively. EGFR/TRPM7 interaction was investigated by proximity ligation assay (PLA), immunoprecipitation and confocal microscopy. VSMC migration and proliferation were examined by wound healing and CFSE proliferation assays. In hVSMC and rVSMC, EGF increased TRPM7 expression (47%) and phosphorylation (21%), (p<0.05); effects abolished by gefitinib and PP2. EGF-induced Mg
2+
and Ca
2+
influx was attenuated by gefitinib (4% and 8% respectively), NS8593 (5% for Mg
2+
) and 2-APB (6% and 13% respectively). EGF enhanced ERK1/2 phosphorylation (3-fold) through c-Src, EGFR and TRPM7, p<0.05. Cell migration (26%) and proliferation (17%) were enhanced by EGF, and reduced by inhibitors of EGFR, TRPM7 and ERK1/2, p<0.05. EGF induced TRPM7-EGFR interaction (51%), which was reduced by gefitinib (34%) and PP2 (25%). VSMC from TRPM7
+/Δkinase
showed reduced EGFR expression (73%), phospho-c-Src (22%), and phospho-ERK1/2 (90%). Aortas from TRPM7
R/R
exhibited reduced phospho-EGFR (63%) and phospho-ERK1/2 (36%). Vessels from TRPM7
+/Δkinase
showed reduced wall thickness (35%). Our findings demonstrate that interaction between EGFR/TRPM7 is a key process underlying EGF-induced VSMC migration and growth. This novel EGF-c-Src-EGFR-TRPM7 pathway may play an important role in vascular remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - ZhiGuo Zou
- UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Jiayue Ling
- UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | | | - Xing Gao
- UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Will Fuller
- UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | |
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43
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Kuriakose J, Montezano AC, Hood KY, Alves-lopes R, Sin A, Passaglia P, Findlay J, Basheer S, Yusuf H, Hepburn R, Santos R, MacLean M, Baillie G, Touyz RM. Abstract P094: Crosstalk Between Mas And ET
B
R Elicits Protective Effects In Endothelial Cells And Vascular Function. Hypertension 2020. [DOI: 10.1161/hyp.76.suppl_1.p094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Mas and ET
B
receptors physically interact in endothelial cells (ECs) and are involved in the protective actions of angiotensin 1-7 (Ang (1-7)). We assessed whether the MAS/ET
B
R interaction plays a role in EC signalling and whether strategies to enhance MAS/ET
B
R association influence vascular responses. Human ECs were stimulated with Ang (1-7) (10
-7
M) in the presence/absence of A779 (Mas receptor antagonist, 10
-5
M) and BQ788 (ET
B
R antagonist, 10
-5
M). Protein expression and signalling activation were assessed by immunoblotting. NO production was evaluated by DAF-FM fluorescence and ROS production by chemiluminescence (superoxide anion) or amplex red (hydrogen peroxide (H
2
O
2
)). mRNA expression was assessed by qPCR. Endothelial function was assessed in mouse intact arteries by myography. Ang (1-7), through Mas and ET
B
R induced phosphorylation of eNOS (35%); followed by an increase in NO production (2.0 fold) (p<0.05 vs ctl). High throughput screening of protein:protein interaction compounds in an in-house library identified 23 potential enhancers of the MAS/ET
B
R interaction. Fluorescence polarization assays were used to further select the most potent enhancers and define their working concentration for testing in ECs (Enh1-4: 10
-5
M). Enh4 increased superoxide anion (55.6±26.3% vs ctl, p<0.05) and H
2
O
2
production (54.7±11.1% vs ctl, p<0.05), while Enh3 increased H
2
O
2
generation (48.1±15.4% vs ctl, p<0.05) in ECs. Moreover, Enh4 increased
Nrf2
(3.0 fold),
Sod1
(2.0 fold) and
Nqo1
(3.1 fold) mRNA expression (p<0.05 vs ctl). Enh3 and Enh4 increased NO production (Enh3: 21.2±7.4%; Enh4: 23.6±8.2% vs veh, p<0.05) in ECs. Acetylcholine (Ach) curves were performed to assess endothelium-dependent relaxation in the absence and presence of enhancers. Enh4 increased ACh-induced relaxation (Emax%: 96.7±4.6 vs ctl: 70.4±3.3, p<0.05), while other enhancers did not improve endothelial function. Taken together, increasing MAS/ET
B
R interaction with specific enhancers augments protective signalling in ECs and promotes endothelial-dependent vasorelaxation, particularly with Enh4. In conclusion, enhancing interactions between MasR and ET
B
R may be a new vasoprotective strategy to improve vascular function in cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Angie Sin
- Univ of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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44
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WANG YU, Camargo L, Beatie W, McBride M, Montezano AC, Touyz RM. Abstract P085: Microrna Profiling Of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells In Human Hypertension Potential Regulators Of Endoplasmic Reticulum And Oxidative Stress. Hypertension 2020. [DOI: 10.1161/hyp.76.suppl_1.p085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Numerous molecular mechanisms have been implicated in processes underlying vascular phenotypic changes and alterations in hypertension, including microRNAs (miRNAs), oxidative stress and perturbed endoplasmic reticulum (ER) function. The interplay between these elements is unclear. We assessed the VSMC miRNAs profile in hypertension focusing on oxidative and ER stress pathways. VSMCs from small arteries from normotensive (NT) and hypertensive (HT) subjects were used. miRNA profiling of 758 miRNAs was performed using TaqMan advanced miRNA assay (TaqMan Low Density Array Human microRNA). Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) was used for miRNA target prediction. Expression of vascular genes and proteins was detected by RT-PCR and immunoblotting. ROS generation (chemiluminescence) was assessed in the absence and presence of ER stress inducer tunicamycin (5μg/ml, 24h). miRNA array identified 25 miRNAs uniquely expressed in HT and 21 miRNAs uniquely expressed in NT (CT<30). Of the 332 miRNAs present in both groups, 60 miRNAs were significantly upregulated in HT (fold change >1.5), while 136 miRNAs were significantly downregulated in HT (fold change >1.5). miRNAs that were altered in hypertension, targeted genes involved in oxidative and ER stress. Pro-oxidant [Nox1 mRNA (1.71 fold), Nox4 (1.59 fold), Nox5 (2.04 fold)] and antioxidant [SOD2 mRNA (4.43 fold), GPx1 (1.97 fold)] enzymes protein levels upregulated in HT (p<0.05 vs NT). ER stress proteins, such as PERK (1.57 fold) and elF2α (2.31 fold) were also upregulated in HT (p<0.05 vs NT). IPA analysis of our miRNA library, revealed that miR-505-5p (-2.13 fold), miR-324-5p (-1.51 fold), miR-185-5p (-1.742 fold) and miR-491-5p (-1.667 fold) may regulate Nox5 levels. Moreover, miR-200b-3p (-28.57 fold) targets multiple ER stress pathways including elF2α. Treatment with tunicamycin increased ROS generation (2.29 fold) and Nox5 protein expression (1.69 fold) while downregulating SOD2 mRNA (-8.02 fold) in HT (p<0.05 vs NT). Our findings unveil the differentially expressed miRNAs and their predicted redox targets, highlighting potential interplay between VSMC ER stress, oxidative stress and miRNAs in human hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- YU WANG
- Univ of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | |
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45
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Camargo LL, Montezano AC, Hussain M, Wang Y, Zou Z, Rios FJ, Neves K, Alves-lopes R, Awan F, Jensen T, Hartley R, Touyz RM. Abstract P090: Nox5 Induces Vascular Damage Through C-src Activation In Human Hypertension. Hypertension 2020. [DOI: 10.1161/hyp.76.suppl_1.p090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Nox5 is the major ROS-generating Nox isoform in human vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). The role of Nox5 in oxidative stress and redox signaling underlying vascular dysfunction in hypertension is unclear. We examined molecular processes that regulate VSMC Nox5-induced ROS generation, focusing on c-Src. VSMC isolated from small arteries from normotensive (NT) and hypertensive (HT) subjects were studied. Nox5 expression and phosphorylation (immunoblotting, immunoprecipitation); ROS generation (chemiluminescence); activation of contractile signaling pathways (immunoblotting), Ca
2+
influx (Cal-520AM fluorescence), reversible protein oxidation (cysteine sulfenic acid probe BCN-E-BCN), actin polymerization (phalloidin staining) and migration (wound healing assay) were assessed in absence/presence of Nox5 (melittin) and Src (PP2) inhibitors. To study Nox5-specific effects, we used p22phox-silenced VSMCs (siRNA). Vascular function in VSMC-specific Nox5 transgenic mice was studied by wire myography. In HT, ROS levels (139±27%), Nox5 expression (103±23%) and phosphorylation were increased (77±17.93%) (p<0.05, vs NT). Activation of c-Src (101±26%), PKC (96±33%), MLC
20
(416±71%) and Ang II-induced Ca
2+
influx (574±44 vs NT:451±26) were also increased in HT (p<0.05, vs NT). Melittin reduced Ang II-induced ROS generation in both groups (p<0.05 vs Ctl). In contrast, p22phox silencing increased ROS in both groups, an effect blocked by melittin (p<0.05 vs Ctl). Nox5 inhibition reduced Ang II-induced c-Src phosphorylation and oxidation. In HT, p22phox silencing was associated with sustained Ang II-induced PKC (83±21% vs Ctl) and MLC
20
(89±22% vs Ctl) phosphorylation, effects blocked by melittin and PP2 (p<0.05 vs Ctl). Nox5 and c-Src inhibition reduced Ca
2+
influx, actin polymerization and migration in HT. Hypercontractility observed in Nox5 mice was abolished by melittin and PP2. Our findings demonstrate that Nox5 is upregulated in human hypertension. This is associated with activation of c-Src, increased redox signaling and VSMC cytoskeletal reorganization, migration and vascular contraction. We define a novel Nox5-ROS-c-Src signaling pathway that may play a role in vascular remodeling/dysfunction in hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Misbah Hussain
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Yu Wang
- Univ of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Zhiguo Zou
- Univ of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Fazli Awan
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | | | | |
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46
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Cameron AC, McMahon K, Hall M, Neves KB, Rios FJ, Montezano AC, Welsh P, Waterston A, White J, Mark PB, Touyz RM, Lang NN. Comprehensive Characterization of the Vascular Effects of Cisplatin-Based Chemotherapy in Patients With Testicular Cancer. JACC CardioOncol 2020; 2:443-455. [PMID: 33043304 PMCID: PMC7539369 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaccao.2020.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Cisplatin-based chemotherapy increases the risk of cardiovascular and renal disease. Objectives We aimed to define the time course, pathophysiology, and approaches to prevent cardiovascular disease associated with cisplatin-based chemotherapy. Methods Two cohorts of patients with a history of testicular cancer (n = 53) were recruited. Cohort 1 consisted of 27 men undergoing treatment with: 1) surveillance; 2) 1 to 2 cycles of bleomycin, etoposide, and cisplatin (BEP) chemotherapy (low-intensity cisplatin); or 3) 3 to 4 cycles of BEP (high-intensity cisplatin). Endothelial function (percentage flow-mediated dilatation) and cardiovascular biomarkers were assessed at 6 visits over 9 months. Cohort 2 consisted of 26 men previously treated 1 to 7 years ago with surveillance or 3 to 4 cycles BEP. Vasomotor and fibrinolytic responses to bradykinin, acetylcholine, and sodium nitroprusside were evaluated using forearm venous occlusion plethysmography. Results In cohort 1, the percentage flow-mediated dilatation decreased 24 h after the first cisplatin dose in patients managed with 3 to 4 cycles BEP (10.9 ± 0.9 vs. 16.7 ± 1.6; p < 0.01) but was unchanged from baseline thereafter. Six weeks after starting 3 to 4 cycles BEP, there were increased serum cholesterol levels (7.2 ± 0.5 mmol/l vs. 5.5 ± 0.2 mmol/l; p = 0.01), hemoglobin A1c (41.8 ± 2.0 mmol/l vs. 35.5 ± 1.2 mmol/l; p < 0.001), von Willebrand factor antigen (62.4 ± 5.4 mmol/l vs. 45.2 ± 2.8 mmol/l; p = 0.048) and cystatin C (0.91 ± 0.07 mmol/l vs. 0.65 ± 0.09 mmol/l; p < 0.01). In cohort 2, intra-arterial bradykinin, acetylcholine, and sodium nitroprusside caused dose-dependent vasodilation (p < 0.0001). Vasomotor responses, endogenous fibrinolytic factor release, and cardiovascular biomarkers were not different in patients managed with 3 to 4 cycles of BEP versus surveillance. Conclusions Cisplatin-based chemotherapy induces acute and transient endothelial dysfunction, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, and nephrotoxicity in the early phases of treatment. Cardiovascular and renal protective strategies should target the early perichemotherapy period. (Clinical Characterisation of the Vascular Effects of Cis-platinum Based Chemotherapy in Patients With Testicular Cancer [VECTOR], NCT03557177; Intermediate and Long Term Vascular Effects of Cisplatin in Patients With Testicular Cancer [INTELLECT], NCT03557164)
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Key Words
- 0FMD, flow-mediated dilatation
- ACh, acetylcholine
- BEP, bleomycin, etoposide and cisplatin
- BK, bradykinin
- FBF, forearm blood flow
- ICAM, intracellular adhesion molecule
- PAI, plasminogen activator inhibitor
- SNP, sodium nitroprusside
- germ cell tumors
- platinum therapy
- t-PA, tissue plasminogen activator
- testicular cancer
- thrombosis
- vWF, von Willebrand factor
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan C Cameron
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Kelly McMahon
- McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mark Hall
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Karla B Neves
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Francisco J Rios
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Augusto C Montezano
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Welsh
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Ashita Waterston
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Jeff White
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick B Mark
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Rhian M Touyz
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Ninian N Lang
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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47
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Zhao GJ, Zhao CL, Ouyang S, Deng KQ, Zhu L, Montezano AC, Zhang C, Hu F, Zhu XY, Tian S, Liu X, Ji YX, Zhang P, Zhang XJ, She ZG, Touyz RM, Li H. Ca 2+-Dependent NOX5 (NADPH Oxidase 5) Exaggerates Cardiac Hypertrophy Through Reactive Oxygen Species Production. Hypertension 2020; 76:827-838. [PMID: 32683902 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.120.15558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
NOX5 (NADPH oxidase 5) is a homolog of the gp91phox subunit of the phagocyte NOX, which generates reactive oxygen species. NOX5 is involved in sperm motility and vascular contraction and has been implicated in diabetic nephropathy, atherosclerosis, and stroke. The function of NOX5 in the cardiac hypertrophy is unknown. Because NOX5 is a Ca2+-sensitive, procontractile NOX isoform, we questioned whether it plays a role in cardiac hypertrophy. Studies were performed in (1) cardiac tissue from patients undergoing heart transplant for cardiomyopathy and heart failure, (2) NOX5-expressing rat cardiomyocytes, and (3) mice expressing human NOX5 in a cardiomyocyte-specific manner. Cardiac hypertrophy was induced in mice by transverse aorta coarctation and Ang II (angiotensin II) infusion. NOX5 expression was increased in human failing hearts. Rat cardiomyocytes infected with adenoviral vector encoding human NOX5 cDNA exhibited elevated reactive oxygen species levels with significant enlargement and associated increased expression of ANP (atrial natriuretic peptides) and β-MHC (β-myosin heavy chain) and prohypertrophic genes (Nppa, Nppb, and Myh7) under Ang II stimulation. These effects were reduced by N-acetylcysteine and diltiazem. Pressure overload and Ang II infusion induced left ventricular hypertrophy, interstitial fibrosis, and contractile dysfunction, responses that were exaggerated in cardiac-specific NOX5 trangenic mice. These phenomena were associated with increased reactive oxygen species levels and activation of redox-sensitive MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase). N-acetylcysteine treatment reduced cardiac oxidative stress and attenuated cardiac hypertrophy in NOX5 trangenic. Our study defines Ca2+-regulated NOX5 as an important NOX isoform involved in oxidative stress- and MAPK-mediated cardiac hypertrophy and contractile dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Jun Zhao
- From the Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, China (G.-J.Z., C.-L.Z., L.-H.Z., C.Z., X.-Y.Z., S.T., X.-J.Z., Z.-G.S., H.L.).,Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, China (G.-J.Z., C.-L.Z., S.O., K.-Q.D., L.-H.Z., C.Z., F.H., X.-.Z., S.T., X.L., Y.-X.J., P.Z., X.-J.Z., Z.-G.S., H.L.)
| | - Chang-Ling Zhao
- From the Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, China (G.-J.Z., C.-L.Z., L.-H.Z., C.Z., X.-Y.Z., S.T., X.-J.Z., Z.-G.S., H.L.).,Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, China (G.-J.Z., C.-L.Z., S.O., K.-Q.D., L.-H.Z., C.Z., F.H., X.-.Z., S.T., X.L., Y.-X.J., P.Z., X.-J.Z., Z.-G.S., H.L.)
| | - Shan Ouyang
- Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, China (G.-J.Z., C.-L.Z., S.O., K.-Q.D., L.-H.Z., C.Z., F.H., X.-.Z., S.T., X.L., Y.-X.J., P.Z., X.-J.Z., Z.-G.S., H.L.).,Basic Medical School, Wuhan University, China (S.O., H.L.)
| | - Ke-Qiong Deng
- Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, China (G.-J.Z., C.-L.Z., S.O., K.-Q.D., L.-H.Z., C.Z., F.H., X.-.Z., S.T., X.L., Y.-X.J., P.Z., X.-J.Z., Z.-G.S., H.L.).,Department of Cardiology (K.-Q.D.), Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, China
| | - Lihua Zhu
- From the Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, China (G.-J.Z., C.-L.Z., L.-H.Z., C.Z., X.-Y.Z., S.T., X.-J.Z., Z.-G.S., H.L.).,Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, China (G.-J.Z., C.-L.Z., S.O., K.-Q.D., L.-H.Z., C.Z., F.H., X.-.Z., S.T., X.L., Y.-X.J., P.Z., X.-J.Z., Z.-G.S., H.L.)
| | - Augusto C Montezano
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Centre, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (A.C.M., R.M.T.)
| | - Changjiang Zhang
- From the Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, China (G.-J.Z., C.-L.Z., L.-H.Z., C.Z., X.-Y.Z., S.T., X.-J.Z., Z.-G.S., H.L.).,Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, China (G.-J.Z., C.-L.Z., S.O., K.-Q.D., L.-H.Z., C.Z., F.H., X.-.Z., S.T., X.L., Y.-X.J., P.Z., X.-J.Z., Z.-G.S., H.L.)
| | - Fengjiao Hu
- Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, China (G.-J.Z., C.-L.Z., S.O., K.-Q.D., L.-H.Z., C.Z., F.H., X.-.Z., S.T., X.L., Y.-X.J., P.Z., X.-J.Z., Z.-G.S., H.L.).,Medical Science Research Center (F.H., X.L., Y.-X.J., P.Z., H.L.), Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, China
| | - Xue-Yong Zhu
- From the Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, China (G.-J.Z., C.-L.Z., L.-H.Z., C.Z., X.-Y.Z., S.T., X.-J.Z., Z.-G.S., H.L.)
| | - Song Tian
- Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, China (G.-J.Z., C.-L.Z., S.O., K.-Q.D., L.-H.Z., C.Z., F.H., X.-.Z., S.T., X.L., Y.-X.J., P.Z., X.-J.Z., Z.-G.S., H.L.)
| | - Xiaolan Liu
- Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, China (G.-J.Z., C.-L.Z., S.O., K.-Q.D., L.-H.Z., C.Z., F.H., X.-.Z., S.T., X.L., Y.-X.J., P.Z., X.-J.Z., Z.-G.S., H.L.).,Medical Science Research Center (F.H., X.L., Y.-X.J., P.Z., H.L.), Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, China
| | - Yan-Xiao Ji
- Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, China (G.-J.Z., C.-L.Z., S.O., K.-Q.D., L.-H.Z., C.Z., F.H., X.-.Z., S.T., X.L., Y.-X.J., P.Z., X.-J.Z., Z.-G.S., H.L.).,Medical Science Research Center (F.H., X.L., Y.-X.J., P.Z., H.L.), Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, China (G.-J.Z., C.-L.Z., S.O., K.-Q.D., L.-H.Z., C.Z., F.H., X.-.Z., S.T., X.L., Y.-X.J., P.Z., X.-J.Z., Z.-G.S., H.L.).,Medical Science Research Center (F.H., X.L., Y.-X.J., P.Z., H.L.), Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Zhang
- Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, China (G.-J.Z., C.-L.Z., S.O., K.-Q.D., L.-H.Z., C.Z., F.H., X.-.Z., S.T., X.L., Y.-X.J., P.Z., X.-J.Z., Z.-G.S., H.L.)
| | - Zhi-Gang She
- From the Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, China (G.-J.Z., C.-L.Z., L.-H.Z., C.Z., X.-Y.Z., S.T., X.-J.Z., Z.-G.S., H.L.).,Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, China (G.-J.Z., C.-L.Z., S.O., K.-Q.D., L.-H.Z., C.Z., F.H., X.-.Z., S.T., X.L., Y.-X.J., P.Z., X.-J.Z., Z.-G.S., H.L.)
| | - Rhian M Touyz
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Centre, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (A.C.M., R.M.T.)
| | - Hongliang Li
- From the Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, China (G.-J.Z., C.-L.Z., L.-H.Z., C.Z., X.-Y.Z., S.T., X.-J.Z., Z.-G.S., H.L.).,Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, China (G.-J.Z., C.-L.Z., S.O., K.-Q.D., L.-H.Z., C.Z., F.H., X.-.Z., S.T., X.L., Y.-X.J., P.Z., X.-J.Z., Z.-G.S., H.L.).,Basic Medical School, Wuhan University, China (S.O., H.L.).,Medical Science Research Center (F.H., X.L., Y.-X.J., P.Z., H.L.), Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, China
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Lucas-Herald AK, Alves-Lopes R, Haddow L, O’Toole S, Flett M, Amjad SB, Lee B, Steven M, Montezano AC, Ahmed SF, Touyz R. SUN-551 Impaired Vascular Relaxation and Altered eNOS Regulation in Boys with Hypospadias. J Endocr Soc 2020. [PMCID: PMC7207847 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvaa046.1224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Sex hormones influence vascular function. Whether boys with hypospadias who have insufficient androgen exposure during the masculinisation programming window have altered vascular function is unknown. Objective: To investigate whether vascular function is impaired in boys with hypospadias and to explore the putative role of eNOS. Methods: Peripheral arteries from excess foreskin tissue obtained from boys undergoing hypospadias repair (cases) or circumcision (controls) were used. Vascular function was assessed by myography. mRNA expression was measured by qPCR in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Nitric oxide (NO) was measured by DAF fluorescence assay and peroxynitrite levels measured via ELISA. Results: 23 boys with hypospadias and 34 age-matched controls were studied. There were 18 (52%) cases of distal, 7 (22%) of midshaft and 9 (26%) of proximal hypospadias and none of them had biochemical evidence of hypogonadism or a variant in AR. Clinical cardiometabolic parameters were similar between groups. Endothelium-dependent relaxation to acetylcholine (ACh) and endothelium-independent relaxation to sodium nitroprusside (SNP) were reduced in arteries from cases vs controls (Emax %U46619: 72.4 vs 1.2, p<0.0001 and Emax %U46619: (42.7 vs 11.8, p<0.01 respectively). Incubation with the NO synthase inhibitor, L-NAME (1x10-5 M) worsened endothelial-dependent relaxation in controls (Emax % U46619: 76.8 vs 1.2, p<0.0001) but had no effect in cases (Emax % U46619:60.6 vs 72.4, p=0.3). Testosterone (1x10-7 M) ameliorated vascular relaxation (p<0.05), whereas17[[Unsupported Character - Symbol Font 𝝱]];-estradiol stimulation (1x10-9 M) did not. In cultured VSMCs, mRNA expression of eNOS and iNOS was reduced whereas that of nNOS was increased in cases versus controls. Nitric oxide production was reduced in cases (5 fold, p<0.01), as was peroxynitrite production (0.5 fold, p<0.05). Testosterone increased expression of eNOS in VSMCs. There was no difference in mRNA expression of the AR and GPRC6A but cases had increased expression of ESR1 (2.71 fold), ESR2 (2.63 fold) and GPR30 (2.86 fold) (p<0.05). Conclusion: Arteries in eugonadal boys with hypospadias show vascular dysfunction which involves impaired NOS/NO regulation effects that are ameliorated with testosterone but not oestrogen. These processes may predispose to long-term cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Martyn Flett
- Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | | | - Boma Lee
- Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Mairi Steven
- Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Rhian Touyz
- University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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49
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Lucas-Herald AK, Padmanabhan S, Brooksbank K, McCallum L, Montezano AC, Touyz RM, Ahmed SF. OR17-05 Hypospadias Is a Predictor of Adverse Cardiometabolic Risk in Adulthood - a Case-Control Study. J Endocr Soc 2020. [PMCID: PMC7208533 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvaa046.1246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Abnormal development of the genital tract during the first trimester can lead to hypospadias. This stage coincides with the programming window during which androgens are required for normal masculinisation of the genital tract. Since fetal development may also be associated with long-term effects on cardiometabolic outcome and testosterone is itself an important vascular hormone, we questioned whether adults with a history of hypospadias are at increased risk of long-term cardiovascular and metabolic disease. Aim: This retrospective study determined if hypospadias is associated with increased risk of cardiometabolic disease later in life. Methods: Cardiovascular and diabetes admissions data were extracted through record linkage for all males with a history of hypospadias (ICD10 Q54) from 1981 to 2019 through the NHS Scotland Information Services Division after ethics approval. Controls were matched for age, birthweight, gestation and deprivation index. Incident admissions for angina, arrhythmia, diabetes, heart failure, ischaemic heart disease, myocardial infarction, peripheral arterial disease, renal failure and stroke were obtained for each individual. Case control analysis was performed using Chi square test using R. Results: Admission data on 13,481 men with hypospadias and 9,615 matched controls were reviewed. Men with hypospadias had a 10- fold higher risk of diabetes (9.7 [8.4-11.2], p<0.0001); 9- fold higher risk of ischaemic heart disease (OR [95% CI] 9.1[8.1-10.2], p<0.0001); 8- fold higher risk of renal failure (7.9 [6.9-9.1], p<0.0001); 6- fold higher risk of stroke (6.2 [5.2-7.2], p<0.0001); 6- fold higher risk of myocardial infarction (6.4 [5.6-7.3], p<0.0001); 6-fold higher risk of angina (5.9 [5.3;6.8], p<0.0001); 5-fold higher risk of arrhythmia (4.8 [4.2-5.4], p<0.0001) 5- fold higher risk of peripheral arterial disease (4.8 [3.7-6.1], p<0.0001) and 4- fold higher risk of heart failure (3.6 [3.1-4.1], p<0.0001). Conclusions: Men with a history of hypospadias are at significantly increased risk of admission for treatment for cardiovascular and metabolic conditions, especially ischaemic heart disease, diabetes and renal failure. The mechanisms underlying this observed increase are unclear and merit further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - S Faisal Ahmed
- University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
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50
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Touyz RM, Rios FJ, Alves-Lopes R, Neves KB, Camargo LL, Montezano AC. Oxidative Stress: A Unifying Paradigm in Hypertension. Can J Cardiol 2020; 36:659-670. [PMID: 32389339 PMCID: PMC7225748 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2020.02.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The etiology of hypertension involves complex interactions among genetic, environmental, and pathophysiologic factors that influence many regulatory systems. Hypertension is characteristically associated with vascular dysfunction, cardiovascular remodelling, renal dysfunction, and stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system. Emerging evidence indicates that the immune system is also important and that activated immune cells migrate and accumulate in tissues promoting inflammation, fibrosis, and target-organ damage. Common to these processes is oxidative stress, defined as an imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants in favour of the oxidants that leads to a disruption of oxidation-reduction (redox) signalling and control and molecular damage. Physiologically, reactive oxygen species (ROS) act as signalling molecules and influence cell function through highly regulated redox-sensitive signal transduction. In hypertension, oxidative stress promotes posttranslational modification (oxidation and phosphorylation) of proteins and aberrant signalling with consequent cell and tissue damage. Many enzymatic systems generate ROS, but NADPH oxidases (Nox) are the major sources in cells of the heart, vessels, kidneys, and immune system. Expression and activity of Nox are increased in hypertension and are the major systems responsible for oxidative stress in cardiovascular disease. Here we provide a unifying concept where oxidative stress is a common mediator underlying pathophysiologic processes in hypertension. We focus on some novel concepts whereby ROS influence vascular function, aldosterone/mineralocorticoid actions, and immunoinflammation, all important processes contributing to the development of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhian M Touyz
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom.
| | - Francisco J Rios
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Rhéure Alves-Lopes
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Karla B Neves
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Livia L Camargo
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Augusto C Montezano
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
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