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Miškovská A, Michailidu J, Kolouchová IJ, Barone L, Gornati R, Montali A, Tettamanti G, Berini F, Marinelli F, Masák J, Čejková A, Maťátková O. Biological activity of silver nanoparticles synthesized using viticultural waste. Microb Pathog 2024; 190:106613. [PMID: 38484919 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
This research paper presents a novel approach to the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using viticultural waste, allowing to obtain NP dispersions with distinct properties and morphologies (monodisperse and polydisperse AgNPs, referred to as mAgNPs and pAgNPs) and to compare their biological activities. Our synthesis method utilized the ethanolic extract of Vitis vinifera pruning residues, resulting in the production of mAgNPs and pAgNPs with average sizes of 12 ± 5 nm and 19 ± 14 nm, respectively. Both these AgNPs preparations demonstrated an exceptional stability in terms of size distribution, which was maintained for one year. Antimicrobial testing revealed that both types of AgNPs inhibited either the growth of planktonic cells or the metabolic activity of biofilm sessile cells in Gram-negative bacteria and yeasts. No comparable activity was found towards Gram-positives. Overall, pAgNPs exhibited a higher antimicrobial efficacy compared to their monodisperse counterparts, suggesting that their size and shape may provide a broader spectrum of interactions with target cells. Both AgNP preparations showed no cytotoxicity towards a human keratinocyte cell line. Furthermore, in vivo tests using a silkworm animal model indicated the biocompatibility of the phytosynthesized AgNPs, as they had no adverse effects on insect larvae viability. These findings emphasize the potential of targeted AgNPs synthesized from viticultural waste as environmentally friendly antimicrobial agents with minimal impact on higher organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Miškovská
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Jana Michailidu
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Ludovica Barone
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Rosalba Gornati
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Aurora Montali
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Gianluca Tettamanti
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy; Interuniversity Center for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-Environmental Technology, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Francesca Berini
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy; Interuniversity Center for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-Environmental Technology, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Flavia Marinelli
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy; Interuniversity Center for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-Environmental Technology, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Jan Masák
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Čejková
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Olga Maťátková
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
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Vommaro ML, Donato S, Caputo S, Agostino RG, Montali A, Tettamanti G, Giglio A. Anatomical changes of Tenebrio molitor and Tribolium castaneum during complete metamorphosis. Cell Tissue Res 2024; 396:19-40. [PMID: 38409390 PMCID: PMC10997553 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-024-03877-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
In holometabolous insects, extensive reorganisation of tissues and cells occurs at the pupal stage. The remodelling of the external exoskeleton and internal organs that intervenes during metamorphosis has been traditionally studied in many insect species based on histological or ultrastructural methods. This study demonstrates the use of synchrotron X-ray phase-contrast micro-computed tomography as a powerful, non-destructive tool for in situ morphological observation of anatomical structures at the pupal stage in two Tenebrionid beetles, i.e. Tribolium castaneum and Tenebrio molitor, known as important pests, as well as emerging and promising models in experimental biology. Virtual sections and three-dimensional reconstructions were performed on both males and females at early, intermediate, and late pupal stage. The dataset allowed us to observe the remodelling of the gut and nervous system as well as the shaping of the female and male reproductive system at different pupal ages in both mealworm and red flour beetles. Moreover, we observed that the timing and duration pattern of organ development varied between the species analysed, likely related to the species-specific adaptations of the pre-imaginal stages to environmental conditions, which ultimately affect their life cycle. This research provides new knowledge on the morphological modifications that occur during the pupal stage of holometabolous insects and provides a baseline set of information on beetle metamorphosis that may support future research in forensics, physiology, and ecology as well as an image atlas for educational purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Luigia Vommaro
- University of Calabria, Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Science, Rende, Italy
| | - Sandro Donato
- University of Calabria, Department of Physics and STAR research infrastructure, Rende, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Division of Frascati, Rome, Italy
| | - Simone Caputo
- University of Calabria, Department of Environmental Engineering, Rende, Italy
| | - Raffaele G Agostino
- University of Calabria, Department of Physics and STAR research infrastructure, Rende, Italy
| | - Aurora Montali
- University of Insubria, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, Varese, Italy
| | - Gianluca Tettamanti
- University of Insubria, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, Varese, Italy
- Interuniversity Center for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-environmental Technology (BAT Center), University of Napoli Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Anita Giglio
- University of Calabria, Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Science, Rende, Italy.
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Berini F, Montali A, Liguori R, Venturini G, Bonelli M, Shaltiel-Harpaz L, Reguzzoni M, Siti M, Marinelli F, Casartelli M, Tettamanti G. Production and characterization of Trichoderma asperellum chitinases and their use in synergy with Bacillus thuringiensis for lepidopteran control. Pest Manag Sci 2024. [PMID: 38407453 DOI: 10.1002/ps.8045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite their known negative effects on ecosystems and human health, synthetic pesticides are still largely used to control crop insect pests. Currently, the biopesticide market for insect biocontrol mainly relies on the entomopathogenic bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt). New biocontrol tools for crop protection might derive from fungi, in particular from Trichoderma spp., which are known producers of chitinases and other bioactive compounds able to negatively affect insect survival. RESULTS In this study, we first developed an environmentally sustainable production process for obtaining chitinases from Trichoderma asperellum ICC012. Then, we investigated the biological effects of this chitinase preparation - alone or in combination with a Bt-based product - when orally administered to two lepidopteran species. Our results demonstrate that T. asperellum efficiently produces a multi-enzymatic cocktail able to alter the chitin microfibril network of the insect peritrophic matrix, resulting in delayed development and larval death. The co-administration of T. asperellum chitinases and sublethal concentrations of Bt toxins increased larval mortality. This synergistic effect was likely due to the higher amount of Bt toxins that passed the damaged peritrophic matrix and reached the target receptors on the midgut cells of chitinase-treated insects. CONCLUSION Our findings may contribute to the development of an integrated pest management technology based on fungal chitinases that increase the efficacy of Bt-based products, mitigating the risk of Bt-resistance development. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Berini
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
- Interuniversity Centre for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-Environmental Technology (BAT Centre), University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Aurora Montali
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Riccardo Liguori
- Isagro Research Centre affiliated to Gowan Crop Protection Ltd, Novara, Italy
| | - Giovanni Venturini
- Isagro Research Centre affiliated to Gowan Crop Protection Ltd, Novara, Italy
| | - Marco Bonelli
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Liora Shaltiel-Harpaz
- Integrated Pest Management Laboratory Northern R&D, MIGAL - Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona, Israel
- Environmental Sciences Department, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Tel Hai College, Kiryat Shmona, Israel
| | - Marcella Reguzzoni
- Department of Medicine and Technological Innovation, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Moran Siti
- Luxembourg Industries Ltd, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Flavia Marinelli
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
- Interuniversity Centre for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-Environmental Technology (BAT Centre), University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Morena Casartelli
- Interuniversity Centre for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-Environmental Technology (BAT Centre), University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianluca Tettamanti
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
- Interuniversity Centre for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-Environmental Technology (BAT Centre), University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
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De Filippis F, Bonelli M, Bruno D, Sequino G, Montali A, Reguzzoni M, Pasolli E, Savy D, Cangemi S, Cozzolino V, Tettamanti G, Ercolini D, Casartelli M, Caccia S. Plastics shape the black soldier fly larvae gut microbiome and select for biodegrading functions. Microbiome 2023; 11:205. [PMID: 37705113 PMCID: PMC10500907 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-023-01649-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the last few years, considerable attention has been focused on the plastic-degrading capability of insects and their gut microbiota in order to develop novel, effective, and green strategies for plastic waste management. Although many analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing are available, an in-depth analysis of the insect gut microbiome to identify genes with plastic-degrading potential is still lacking. RESULTS In the present work, we aim to fill this gap using Black Soldier Fly (BSF) as insect model. BSF larvae have proven capability to efficiently bioconvert a wide variety of organic wastes but, surprisingly, have never been considered for plastic degradation. BSF larvae were reared on two widely used plastic polymers and shotgun metagenomics was exploited to evaluate if and how plastic-containing diets affect composition and functions of the gut microbial community. The high-definition picture of the BSF gut microbiome gave access for the first time to the genomes of culturable and unculturable microorganisms in the gut of insects reared on plastics and revealed that (i) plastics significantly shaped bacterial composition at species and strain level, and (ii) functions that trigger the degradation of the polymer chains, i.e., DyP-type peroxidases, multicopper oxidases, and alkane monooxygenases, were highly enriched in the metagenomes upon exposure to plastics, consistently with the evidences obtained by scanning electron microscopy and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance analyses on plastics. CONCLUSIONS In addition to highlighting that the astonishing plasticity of the microbiota composition of BSF larvae is associated with functional shifts in the insect microbiome, the present work sets the stage for exploiting BSF larvae as "bioincubators" to isolate microbial strains and enzymes for the development of innovative plastic biodegradation strategies. However, most importantly, the larvae constitute a source of enzymes to be evolved and valorized by pioneering synthetic biology approaches. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca De Filippis
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Bonelli
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniele Bruno
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Sequino
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Aurora Montali
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Marcella Reguzzoni
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Edoardo Pasolli
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Davide Savy
- Interdepartmental Research Centre of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance for the Environment, Agri-Food and New Materials (CERMANU), University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Silvana Cangemi
- Interdepartmental Research Centre of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance for the Environment, Agri-Food and New Materials (CERMANU), University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Vincenza Cozzolino
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Centre of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance for the Environment, Agri-Food and New Materials (CERMANU), University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Gianluca Tettamanti
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
- Interuniversity Center for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-Environmental Technology (BAT Center), University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Danilo Ercolini
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy.
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
| | - Morena Casartelli
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
- Interuniversity Center for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-Environmental Technology (BAT Center), University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy.
| | - Silvia Caccia
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
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Bruno D, Montali A, Gariboldi M, Wrońska AK, Kaczmarek A, Mohamed A, Tian L, Casartelli M, Tettamanti G. Morphofunctional characterization of hemocytes in black soldier fly larvae. Insect Sci 2022. [PMID: 36065570 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.13111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In insects, the cell-mediated immune response involves an active role of hemocytes in phagocytosis, nodulation, and encapsulation. Although these processes have been well documented in multiple species belonging to different insect orders, information concerning the immune response, particularly the hemocyte types and their specific function in the black soldier fly Hermetia illucens, is still limited. This is a serious gap in knowledge given the high economic relevance of H. illucens larvae in waste management strategies and considering that the saprophagous feeding habits of this dipteran species have likely shaped its immune system to efficiently respond to infections. The present study represents the first detailed characterization of black soldier fly hemocytes and provides new insights into the cell-mediated immune response of this insect. In particular, in addition to prohemocytes, we identified five hemocyte types that mount the immune response in the larva, and analyzed their behavior, role, and morphofunctional changes in response to bacterial infection and injection of chromatographic beads. Our results demonstrate that the circulating phagocytes in black soldier fly larvae are plasmatocytes. These cells also take part in nodulation and encapsulation with granulocytes and lamellocyte-like cells, developing a starting core for nodule/capsule formation to remove/encapsulate large bacterial aggregates/pathogens from the hemolymph, respectively. These processes are supported by the release of melanin precursors from crystal cells and likely by mobilizing nutrient reserves in newly circulating adipohemocytes, which could thus trophically support other hemocytes during the immune response. Finally, the regulation of the cell-mediated immune response by eicosanoids was investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Bruno
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Aurora Montali
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Marzia Gariboldi
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Anna Katarzyna Wrońska
- Host Parasites Molecular Interaction Research Unit, Witold Stefański Institute of Parasitology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agata Kaczmarek
- Host Parasites Molecular Interaction Research Unit, Witold Stefański Institute of Parasitology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Amr Mohamed
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ling Tian
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Guangdong Provincial Sericulture and Mulberry Engineering Research Center, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Morena Casartelli
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milano, Milano, Italy
- Interuniversity Center for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-environmental Technology (BAT Center), University of Napoli Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Gianluca Tettamanti
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
- Interuniversity Center for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-environmental Technology (BAT Center), University of Napoli Federico II, Portici, Italy
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Montali A, Berini F, Saviane A, Cappellozza S, Marinelli F, Tettamanti G. A Bombyx mori Infection Model for Screening Antibiotics against Staphylococcus epidermidis. Insects 2022; 13:748. [PMID: 36005373 PMCID: PMC9409246 DOI: 10.3390/insects13080748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The increasing number of microorganisms that are resistant to antibiotics is prompting the development of new antimicrobial compounds and strategies to fight bacterial infections. The use of insects to screen and test new drugs is increasingly considered a promising tool to accelerate the discovery phase and limit the use of mammalians. In this study, we used for the first time the silkworm, Bombyx mori, as an in vivo infection model to test the efficacy of three glycopeptide antibiotics (GPAs), against the nosocomial pathogen Staphylococcus epidermidis. To reproduce the human physiological temperature, the bacterial infection was performed at 37 °C and it was monitored over time by evaluating the survival rate of the larvae, as well the response of immunological markers (i.e., activity of hemocytes, activation of the prophenoloxidase system, and lysozyme activity). All the three GPAs tested (vancomycin, teicoplanin, and dalbavancin) were effective in curing infected larvae, significantly reducing their mortality and blocking the activation of the immune system. These results corroborate the use of this silkworm infection model for the in vivo studies of antimicrobial molecules active against staphylococci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurora Montali
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Francesca Berini
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Alessio Saviane
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Agriculture and Environment (CREA-AA), 35143 Padova, Italy
| | - Silvia Cappellozza
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Agriculture and Environment (CREA-AA), 35143 Padova, Italy
| | - Flavia Marinelli
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Gianluca Tettamanti
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
- Interuniversity Center for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-Environmental Technology (BAT Center), University of Napoli Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy
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Cefalù A, D'Erasmo L, Giammanco A, Montali A, Iannuzzo G, Zambon A, Forte F, Noto D, Suppressa P, Giannini S, Arca M, Averna M. Lomitapide effectively reduces triglyceride (TG) levels in familial chylomicronemia syndrome (FCS). Atherosclerosis 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2022.06.214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Bruno D, Montali A, Mastore M, Brivio MF, Mohamed A, Tian L, Grimaldi A, Casartelli M, Tettamanti G. Insights Into the Immune Response of the Black Soldier Fly Larvae to Bacteria. Front Immunol 2021; 12:745160. [PMID: 34867970 PMCID: PMC8636706 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.745160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In insects, a complex and effective immune system that can be rapidly activated by a plethora of stimuli has evolved. Although the main cellular and humoral mechanisms and their activation pathways are highly conserved across insects, the timing and the efficacy of triggered immune responses can differ among different species. In this scenario, an insect deserving particular attention is the black soldier fly (BSF), Hermetia illucens (Diptera: Stratiomyidae). Indeed, BSF larvae can be reared on a wide range of decaying organic substrates and, thanks to their high protein and lipid content, they represent a valuable source of macromolecules useful for different applications (e.g., production of feedstuff, bioplastics, and biodiesel), thus contributing to the development of circular economy supply chains for waste valorization. However, decaying substrates bring the larvae into contact with different potential pathogens that can challenge their health status and growth. Although these life strategies have presumably contributed to shape the evolution of a sophisticated and efficient immune system in this dipteran, knowledge about its functional features is still fragmentary. In the present study, we investigated the processes underpinning the immune response to bacteria in H. illucens larvae and characterized their reaction times. Our data demonstrate that the cellular and humoral responses in this insect show different kinetics: phagocytosis and encapsulation are rapidly triggered after the immune challenge, while the humoral components intervene later. Moreover, although both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria are completely removed from the insect body within a few hours after injection, Gram-positive bacteria persist in the hemolymph longer than do Gram-negative bacteria. Finally, the activity of two key actors of the humoral response, i.e., lysozyme and phenoloxidase, show unusual dynamics as compared to other insects. This study represents the first detailed characterization of the immune response to bacteria of H. illucens larvae, expanding knowledge on the defense mechanisms of this insect among Diptera. This information is a prerequisite to manipulating the larval immune response by nutritional and environmental factors to increase resistance to pathogens and optimize health status during mass rearing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Bruno
- Laboratory of Invertebrate Biology, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Aurora Montali
- Laboratory of Invertebrate Biology, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Maristella Mastore
- Laboratory of Comparative Immunology, Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Maurizio Francesco Brivio
- Laboratory of Comparative Immunology, Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Amr Mohamed
- Laboratory of Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Sciences, Department of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ling Tian
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Guangdong Provincial Sericulture and Mulberry Engineering Research Center, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Annalisa Grimaldi
- Laboratory of Invertebrate Biology, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Morena Casartelli
- Laboratory of Insect Physiology and Biotechnology, Department of Biosciences, University of Milano, Milan, Italy.,Interuniversity Center for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-Environmental Technology (BAT Center), University of Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Gianluca Tettamanti
- Laboratory of Invertebrate Biology, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy.,Interuniversity Center for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-Environmental Technology (BAT Center), University of Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
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D'Erasmo L, Maranghi M, Brancato F, Stanca I, Montali A, Pigna G, Francone M, Ascione A, Arca M. Atherosclerotic coronary artery disease burden by ct scan in subjects with molecularly defined heterozygous familial hypercolesterolemia (HEFH), polygenic familial hypercholesterolemia (PFH) and controls: A pilot study. Atherosclerosis 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2020.10.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Montali A, Berini F, Brivio MF, Mastore M, Saviane A, Cappellozza S, Marinelli F, Tettamanti G. A Silkworm Infection Model for In Vivo Study of Glycopeptide Antibiotics. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:E300. [PMID: 32512807 PMCID: PMC7344559 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9060300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycopeptide antibiotics (GPAs) are drugs of last resort for treating infections by Gram-positive bacteria. They inhibit bacterial cell wall assembly by binding to the d-Ala-d-Ala terminus of peptidoglycan precursors, leading to cell lysis. Vancomycin and teicoplanin are first generation GPAs, while dalbavancin is one of the few, recently approved, second generation GPAs. In this paper, we developed an in vivo insect model to compare, for the first time, the efficacy of these three GPAs in curing Staphylococcus aureus infection. Differently from previous reports, Bombyx mori larvae were reared at 37 °C, and the course of infection was monitored, following not only larval survival, but also bacterial load in the insect body, hemocyte activity, phenoloxidase activity, and antimicrobial peptide expression. We demonstrated that the injection of S. aureus into the hemolymph of B. mori larvae led to a marked reduction of their survival rate within 24-48 hours. GPAs were not toxic to the larvae and cured S. aureus infection. Dalbavancin was more effective than first generation GPAs. Due to its great advantages (i.e., easy and safe handling, low rearing costs, low antibiotic amount needed for the tests, no restrictions imposed by ethical and regulatory issues), this silkworm infection model could be introduced in preclinical phases-prior to the use of mice-accelerating the discovery/development rate of novel GPAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurora Montali
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy; (A.M.); (F.B.); (G.T.)
| | - Francesca Berini
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy; (A.M.); (F.B.); (G.T.)
| | - Maurizio Francesco Brivio
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy; (M.F.B.); (M.M.)
| | - Maristella Mastore
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy; (M.F.B.); (M.M.)
| | - Alessio Saviane
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Agriculture and Environment (CREA-AA), 35143 Padova, Italy; (A.S.); (S.C.)
| | - Silvia Cappellozza
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Agriculture and Environment (CREA-AA), 35143 Padova, Italy; (A.S.); (S.C.)
| | - Flavia Marinelli
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy; (A.M.); (F.B.); (G.T.)
| | - Gianluca Tettamanti
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy; (A.M.); (F.B.); (G.T.)
- Interuniversity Center for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-environmental Technology (BAT Center), University of Napoli Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy
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Romoli O, Mukherjee S, Mohid SA, Dutta A, Montali A, Franzolin E, Brady D, Zito F, Bergantino E, Rampazzo C, Tettamanti G, Bhunia A, Sandrelli F. Enhanced Silkworm Cecropin B Antimicrobial Activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa from Single Amino Acid Variation. ACS Infect Dis 2019; 5:1200-1213. [PMID: 31045339 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.9b00042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic bacterial pathogen causing severe infections in hospitalized and immunosuppressed patients, particularly individuals affected by cystic fibrosis. Several clinically isolated P. aeruginosa strains were found to be resistant to three or more antimicrobial classes indicating the importance of identifying new antimicrobials active against this pathogen. Here, we characterized the antimicrobial activity and the action mechanisms against P. aeruginosa of two natural isoforms of the antimicrobial peptide cecropin B, both isolated from the silkworm Bombyx mori. These cecropin B isoforms differ in a single amino acid substitution within the active portion of the peptide, so that the glutamic acid of the E53 CecB variant is replaced by a glutamine in the Q53 CecB isoform. Both peptides showed a high antimicrobial and membranolytic activity against P. aeruginosa, with Q53 CecB displaying greater activity compared with the E53 CecB isoform. Biophysical analyses, live-cell NMR, and molecular-dynamic-simulation studies indicated that both peptides might act as membrane-interacting elements, which can disrupt outer-membrane organization, facilitating their translocation toward the inner membrane of the bacterial cell. Our data also suggest that the amino acid variation of the Q53 CecB isoform represents a critical factor in stabilizing the hydrophobic segment that interacts with the bacterial membrane, determining the highest antimicrobial activity of the whole peptide. Its high stability to pH and temperature variations, tolerance to high salt concentrations, and low toxicity against human cells make Q53 CecB a promising candidate in the development of CecB-derived compounds against P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ottavia Romoli
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Shruti Mukherjee
- Department of Biophysics, Bose Institute, P-1/12 CIT Scheme VII (M), 700 054 Kolkata, India
| | - Sk Abdul Mohid
- Department of Biophysics, Bose Institute, P-1/12 CIT Scheme VII (M), 700 054 Kolkata, India
| | - Arkajyoti Dutta
- Department of Chemistry, Bose Institute, 93/1 A P C Road, 700 009 Kolkata, India
| | - Aurora Montali
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Via Jean Henry Dunant, 3, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Elisa Franzolin
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Daniel Brady
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Francesca Zito
- Laboratoire de Biologie Physico-Chimique des Protéines Membranaires, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, CNRS, UMR7099, University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Elisabetta Bergantino
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Chiara Rampazzo
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Gianluca Tettamanti
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Via Jean Henry Dunant, 3, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Anirban Bhunia
- Department of Biophysics, Bose Institute, P-1/12 CIT Scheme VII (M), 700 054 Kolkata, India
| | - Federica Sandrelli
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy
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12
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Berini F, Casartelli M, Montali A, Reguzzoni M, Tettamanti G, Marinelli F. Metagenome-Sourced Microbial Chitinases as Potential Insecticide Proteins. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1358. [PMID: 31275279 PMCID: PMC6591435 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial chitinases are gaining interest as promising candidates for controlling plant pests. These enzymes can be used directly as biocontrol agents as well as in combination with chemical pesticides or other biopesticides, reducing their environmental impact and/or enhancing their efficacy. Chitinolytic enzymes can target two different structures in insects: the cuticle and the peritrophic matrix (PM). PM, formed by chitin fibrils connected to glycoproteins and proteoglycans, represents a physical barrier that plays an essential role in midgut physiology and insect digestion, and protects the absorptive midgut epithelium from food abrasion or pathogen infections. In this paper, we investigate how two recently discovered metagenome-sourced chitinases (Chi18H8 and 53D1) affect, in vitro and in vivo, the PM integrity of Bombyx mori, a model system among Lepidoptera. The two chitinases were produced in Escherichia coli or, alternatively, in the unconventional – but more environmentally acceptable – Streptomyces coelicolor. Although both the proteins dramatically altered the structure of B. mori PM in vitro, when administered orally only 53D1 caused adverse and marked effects on larval growth and development, inducing mortality and reducing pupal weight. These in vivo results demonstrate that 53D1 is a promising candidate as insecticide protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Berini
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Morena Casartelli
- Laboratory of Insect Physiology and Biotechnology, Department of Biosciences, University of Milan Milan, Italy
| | - Aurora Montali
- Laboratory of Invertebrate Biology, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria Varese, Italy
| | - Marcella Reguzzoni
- Laboratory of Human Morphology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria Varese, Italy
| | - Gianluca Tettamanti
- Laboratory of Invertebrate Biology, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria Varese, Italy
| | - Flavia Marinelli
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
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Tettamanti G, Carata E, Montali A, Dini L, Fimia GM. Autophagy in development and regeneration: role in tissue remodelling and cell survival. The European Zoological Journal 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/24750263.2019.1601271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- G. Tettamanti
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - E. Carata
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - A. Montali
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - L. Dini
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology Charles Darwin, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - G. M. Fimia
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
- Department of Epidemiology and Preclinical Research, National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, Rome, Italy
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Montali A, Romanelli D, Cappellozza S, Grimaldi A, de Eguileor M, Tettamanti G. Corrigendum to "Timing of autophagy and apoptosis during posterior silk gland degeneration in Bombyx mori" [Arthropod Struct. Dev. 46 (4) (2017) 518-528]. Arthropod Struct Dev 2018; 47:130. [PMID: 29196211 DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aurora Montali
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Davide Romanelli
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Silvia Cappellozza
- CREA - Honey Bee and Silkworm Research Unit, Padua Seat, 35143 Padova, Italy
| | - Annalisa Grimaldi
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Magda de Eguileor
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Gianluca Tettamanti
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy.
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Montali A, Romanelli D, Cappellozza S, Grimaldi A, de Eguileor M, Tettamanti G. Timing of autophagy and apoptosis during posterior silk gland degeneration in Bombyx mori. Arthropod Struct Dev 2017; 46:518-528. [PMID: 28549564 DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2017.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Over the years, the silkworm, Bombyx mori, has been manipulated by means of chemical and genetic approaches to improve silk production both quantitatively and qualitatively. The silk is produced by the silk gland, which degenerates quickly once the larva has finished spinning the cocoon. Thus, interfering with this degeneration process could help develop new technologies aimed at ameliorating silk yield. To this end, in this work we studied the cell death processes that lead to the demise of the posterior silk gland of B. mori, directing in particular our attention to autophagy and apoptosis. We focused on this portion of the gland because it produces fibroin, the main component of the silk thread. By using multiple markers, we provide a morphological, biochemical and molecular characterization of the apoptotic and autophagic processes and define their timing in this biological setting. Our data demonstrate that the activation of both autophagy and apoptosis is preceded by a transcriptional rise in key regulatory genes. Moreover, while autophagy is maintained active for several days and progressively digests silk gland cells, apoptosis is only switched on at a very late stage of silk gland demise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurora Montali
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Davide Romanelli
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Silvia Cappellozza
- CREA - Honey Bee and Silkworm Research Unit, Padua Seat, 35143 Padova, Italy
| | - Annalisa Grimaldi
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Magda de Eguileor
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Gianluca Tettamanti
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy.
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16
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Poggiogalle E, Fontana M, Minicocci I, Montali A, Ceci F, Di Costanzo A, Rosano A, Arca M, Lenzi A, Donini L. SUN-P001: Effects of Angiopoietin-Like Protein 3 Deficiency on Respiratory Quotient and Energy Expenditure after an Oral Fat Tolerance Test. Clin Nutr 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s0261-5614(16)30344-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Franzetti E, Casartelli M, D'Antona P, Montali A, Romanelli D, Cappellozza S, Caccia S, Grimaldi A, de Eguileor M, Tettamanti G. Midgut epithelium in molting silkworm: A fine balance among cell growth, differentiation, and survival. Arthropod Struct Dev 2016; 45:368-379. [PMID: 27349418 DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2016] [Revised: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The midgut of insects has attracted great attention as a system for studying intestinal stem cells (ISCs) as well as cell death-related processes, such as apoptosis and autophagy. Among insects, Lepidoptera represent a good model to analyze these cells and processes. In particular, larva-larva molting is an interesting developmental phase since the larva must deal with nutrient starvation and its organs are subjected to rearrangements due to proliferation and differentiation events. Several studies have analyzed ISCs in vitro and characterized key factors involved in their division and differentiation during molt. However, in vivo studies performed during larva-larva transition on these cells, and on the whole midgut epithelium, are fragmentary. In the present study, we analyzed the larval midgut epithelium of the silkworm, Bombyx mori, during larva-larva molting, focusing our attention on ISCs. Moreover, we investigated the metabolic changes that occur in the epithelium and evaluated the intervention of autophagy. Our data on ISCs proliferation and differentiation, autophagy activation, and metabolic and functional activities of the midgut cells shed light on the complexity of this organ during the molting phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Franzetti
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Morena Casartelli
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Paola D'Antona
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Aurora Montali
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Davide Romanelli
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Silvia Cappellozza
- CREA - Honey Bee and Silkworm Research Unit, Padua Seat, 35143 Padova, Italy
| | - Silvia Caccia
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy; Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Napoli Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Annalisa Grimaldi
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Magda de Eguileor
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Gianluca Tettamanti
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy.
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Nast S, Fassbender M, Bormann N, Beck S, Montali A, Lucke M, Schmidmaier G, Wildemann B. In vivo quantification of gentamicin released from an implant coating. J Biomater Appl 2016; 31:45-54. [PMID: 26865659 DOI: 10.1177/0885328216630912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Drug-releasing implants are gaining increasing interest. The present study reports a detailed physicochemical analysis of a polymeric coating based on poly(D,L-lactide) and the incorporated gentamicin combined with an in vitro and in vivo study of the gentamicin release. Differential scanning calorimeter, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography showed no effect of the gamma sterilisation on the coating components or an interaction of the polymer and the gentamicin. Microbiological analysis revealed an inhibition of bacterial growth on the implant surface. For the in vivo study, gentamicin-coated wires were implanted into the tibiae of rats and harvested at different time points up to day 42. To monitor the release in vivo, gentamicin was quantified in serum, bone, endosteum, kidney, and on the explanted wires. Gentamicin was detectable over a time period of 42 days in the endosteum, up to seven days in the kidney, up to 4 h in the bone and at the end of the experiment on one of eight wires. The locally released gentamicin caused no histological changes of the kidney. Microbiologically active concentrations of released gentamicin were found in the endosteum up to 4 h after implantation. The combination of different methods supports the individual results, where quantification is complemented by visualisation or antimicrobial activity. This work demonstrates that the coating procedure results in no substantial alteration of the incorporated drug and that the in vitro burst release occurs also in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Nast
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies and Julius Wolff Institute, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - M Fassbender
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System, Giessen, Germany
| | - N Bormann
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies and Julius Wolff Institute, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - S Beck
- Synthes GmbH, Oberdorf, Switzerland
| | | | - M Lucke
- Chirurgische Klinik Dr. Rinecker, München, Germany
| | - G Schmidmaier
- Zentrum für Orthopädie, Unfallchirurgie und Paraplegiologie, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - B Wildemann
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies and Julius Wolff Institute, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Bayon Y, Bohner M, Eglin D, Thérin M, Montali A, Procter P, Fisher J, Richards RG. Progressing innovation in biomaterials. From the bench to the bed of patients. J Mater Sci Mater Med 2015; 26:228. [PMID: 26329819 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-015-5562-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A Translational Research Symposium was organized at the 2014 annual meeting of the European society for biomaterials. This brought together leading Tier one companies in clinical biomaterials and medical device markets, small and medium enterprises and entrepreneurial academics who shared their experiences on taking biomaterials technologies to commercial endpoints, in the clinics. The symposium focused on "Progressing Innovation in Biomaterials. From the Bench to the Bed of Patients". The aim of the present document is to illustrate the content of the symposium and to highlight the key lessons from selected lectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Bayon
- Covidien - Sofradim Production, 116 Avenue du Formans, 01600, Trévoux, France,
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Di Costanzo A, D'Erasmo L, Polimeni L, Loffredo L, Coletta P, Del Ben M, Angelico F, Montali A, Girelli G, De Masi B, Maranghi M, Arca M. Is fatty liver an independent risk factor for subclinical atherosclerosis? Atherosclerosis 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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21
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Arca M, Pigna G, Zaccagna F, Cavallo Marincola B, Montali A, Iuliano L, Napoli A, Catalano C. P9 ATHEROSCLEROTIC BURDEN IN ASYMPTOMATIC PATIENTS WITH METABOLIC SYNDROME EVALUATED BY COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY ANGIOGRAPHY. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5688(10)70076-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Arca M, Cambuli VM, Montali A, Sentinelli F, Filippi E, Campagna F, Quagliarini F, Antonini R, Romeo S, Baroni MG. Serum adiponectin is decreased in patients with familial combined hyperlipidemia and normolipaemic relatives and is influenced by lipid-lowering treatment. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2009; 19:660-666. [PMID: 19632099 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2008.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2008] [Revised: 11/12/2008] [Accepted: 11/13/2008] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Hypoadiponectinemia has been reported in patients with familial combined hyperlipidemia (FCHL) presenting increased waist circumference and insulin resistance. However, no studies have evaluated this association in non-obese FCHL patients. Moreover, it is unclear whether correction of lipoprotein abnormalities may influence adiponectin levels in FCHL. METHODS AND RESULTS We have compared serum levels of adiponectin in 199 non-obese FCHL patients (BMI 25.96+/-3.7), 116 normolipaemic (NL) non-affected relatives (BMI 24.4+/-4.0) and 192 controls (BMI 28.0+/-7.4). In a subgroup of FCHL patients, changes in adiponectin levels after treatment with atorvastatin (n=22) or fenofibrate (n=26) were also evaluated. FCHL patients as well as their NL relatives showed lower serum adiponectin levels compared to controls (9.7+/-5.4 microg/mL, 10.7+/-5.3 microg/mL and 17.3+/-13.7microg/mL, respectively; p<0.0001 for all comparisons). After controlling for confounders, the strongest association with hypoadiponectinemia was observed with family history of FCHL, followed by HDL-C (negatively) and age (positively). These variables jointly explained 15% of the total variance of serum adiponectin levels. After 24-week of treatment, adiponectin was increased by 12.5% (p<0.05) by atorvastatin and was reduced by 10% by fenofibrate, resulting in a treatment difference of 22.5% in favor of atorvastatin (p<0.017). CONCLUSIONS FCHL patients showed lower serum adiponectin levels compared to controls. Also normolipaemic relatives of FCHL patients presented decreased levels of adiponectin, suggesting a possible common background in the determination of this abnormality. Overall, these observations indicate that hypoadiponectinemia may be an inherent characteristic of the FCHL phenotype. In FCHL patients hypoadiponectinemia may be partially corrected by atorvastatin but not by fenofibrate treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Arca
- Department of Clinical and Medical Therapy, Unit of Medical Therapy, University La Sapienza of Rome, Azienda Policlinico Umberto I, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
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Conti B, Montali A, Valiante S, Gaudio C, Panetta G, Pergolini A, Antonini R, Violi F, Campagna F, Arca M. PO5-111 C242T POLYMORPHISM OF NADPH OXIDASE P22PHOX GENE PREDICTS MAJOR CARDIOVASCULAR EVENTS (MACE) IN HIGH-RISK INDIVIDUALS. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5688(07)71121-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Montali A, Antonini T, Bifolco M, Campagna F, Pigna G, Cantini R, Antonini R, Arca M. Th-P16:412 Efficacy and safety of atorvasatin vs.fenofibrate in familial combined hyperlipidemia (FCHL). A randomized, pilot, comparative study. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5688(06)82370-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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25
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Cavallo MG, Montali A, Monetini L, Valente L, Mariani P, Bifolco M, Sirinian MI, Antonini TM, Fioretti F, Campagna F, Verna R, Arca M. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) and its soluble receptor p75 (sTNF-R p75) in familial combined hyperlipidemia (FCHL). Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2005; 15:262-269. [PMID: 16054550 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2004.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2004] [Revised: 08/24/2004] [Accepted: 08/24/2004] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Familial combined hyperlipidemia (FCHL) is a genetic disorder of lipid metabolism associated with insulin resistance and abnormalities in fatty acid metabolism whose underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. Perturbations in the TNFalpha/TNF-R pathway may play a role in these abnormalities. METHODS AND RESULTS We determined plasma levels of TNFalpha and sTNF-R p75 in 85 FCHL patients (TC 245+/-45 mg/dl; TG 260+/-148 mg/dl; apoB 148+/-37 mg/dl) and in 29 age- and sex-matched normolipemic relatives (NL) (TC 187+/-22.8 mg/dl; TG 115+/-37 mg/dl; apoB 106+/-16 mg/dl). Thirty-four normolipemic subjects (TC 180+/-34 mg/dl; TG 107+/-42 mg/dl; apoB 95+/-22 mg/dl) were also included as unrelated controls (NC). Plasma free fatty acids (NEFA) were also measured and insulin sensitivity was evaluated by HOMA. Levels of sTNF-R p75 were significantly reduced in FCHL compared to NL (2.30+/-0.55 ng/ml vs. 2.64+/-0.88 ng/ml, p<0.05) but not compared to NC (2.35+/-0.68 ng/ml). HOMA values were comparable in all groups and did not show any relation with plasma levels of sTNF-R p75. Logistic analysis demonstrated that a low concentration of sTNF-R p75 was an independent predictor of the affected status within FCHL families, but this role was no longer evident when FCHL patients were compared to NC. In FCHL, age (p<0.001) was positively, and TG (p=0.029) and HDL-C (p=0.025) were negatively correlated with plasma concentrations of sTNF-R p75. In the other groups, age (in NL) and non-HDL-C (in NC) were significantly correlated with sTNF-R p75. CONCLUSIONS Although our data do not support a causative role of TNFalpha/TNF-R alterations in FCHL, they confirm that variation in TNF-R shedding may influence lipid phenotypic expression in FCHL families.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Cavallo
- Dipartimento di Clinica e Terapia Medica Applicata, Università di Roma La Sapienza, Policlinico Umberto I, Viale del Policlinico, 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
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Boekholdt SM, Sacks FM, Jukema JW, Shepherd J, Freeman DJ, McMahon AD, Cambien F, Nicaud V, de Grooth GJ, Talmud PJ, Humphries SE, Miller GJ, Eiriksdottir G, Gudnason V, Kauma H, Kakko S, Savolainen MJ, Arca M, Montali A, Liu S, Lanz HJ, Zwinderman AH, Kuivenhoven JA, Kastelein JJP. Cholesteryl ester transfer protein TaqIB variant, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, cardiovascular risk, and efficacy of pravastatin treatment: individual patient meta-analysis of 13,677 subjects. Circulation 2005; 111:278-87. [PMID: 15655129 DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.0000153341.46271.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have reported that the cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) TaqIB gene polymorphism is associated with HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) levels and the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD), but the results are inconsistent. In addition, an interaction has been implicated between this genetic variant and pravastatin treatment, but this has not been confirmed. METHODS AND RESULTS A meta-analysis was performed on individual patient data from 7 large, population-based studies (each >500 individuals) and 3 randomized, placebo-controlled, pravastatin trials. Linear and logistic regression models were used to assess the relation between TaqIB genotype and HDL-C levels and CAD risk. After adjustment for study, age, sex, smoking, body mass index (BMI), diabetes, LDL-C, use of alcohol, and prevalence of CAD, TaqIB genotype exhibited a highly significant association with HDL-C levels, such that B2B2 individuals had 0.11 mmol/L (0.10 to 0.12, P<0.0001) higher HDL-C levels than did B1B1 individuals. Second, after adjustment for study, sex, age, smoking, BMI, diabetes, systolic blood pressure, LDL-C, and use of alcohol, TaqIB genotype was significantly associated with the risk of CAD (odds ratio=0.78 [0.66 to 0.93]) in B2B2 individuals compared with B1B1 individuals (P for linearity=0.008). Additional adjustment for HDL-C levels rendered a loss of statistical significance (P=0.4). Last, no pharmacogenetic interaction between TaqIB genotype and pravastatin treatment could be demonstrated. CONCLUSIONS The CETP TaqIB variant is firmly associated with HDL-C plasma levels and as a result, with the risk of CAD. Importantly, this CETP variant does not influence the response to pravastatin therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Boekholdt
- Department of Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Fellin R, Zuliani G, Arca M, Pintus P, Pacifico A, Montali A, Corsini A, Maioli M. Clinical and biochemical characterisation of patients with autosomal recessive hypercholesterolemia (ARH). Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2003; 13:278-286. [PMID: 14717060 DOI: 10.1016/s0939-4753(03)80032-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Inherited hypercholesterolemias are common disorders characterised by elevated LDL-C levels and premature coronary heart disease. We have recently described a recessive form of hypercholesterolemia (autosomal recessive hypercholesterolemia, ARH) in which LDL catabolism is reduced because of a mutation in the gene coding for an adaptor protein that impairs LDL-receptor (LDL-R) activity in the liver. The aim of this study was to characterise in detail the phenotypes of subjects with homozygous and heterozygous ARH. METHODS AND RESULTS We have so far identified six Italian families with ARH and studied the clinical and biochemical characteristics of 11 homozygotes (age 13-47 years) and 12 obligate heterozygotes (age 42-83 years). The study protocol included an evaluation of the lipoprotein profile, LDL-R activity in fibroblasts, LDL binding activity, and apo E genotype; a structured questionnaire (CHD risk factors, medical history, current medications); a physical examination, resting and stress ECG, ultrasound examinations (heart, carotid arteries, Achilles tendons) and coronary angiography. The pedigrees were characterised by the absence of vertical transmission; consanguinity was documented in two families. Only the two previously described Sardinian mutations, ARH1 (c.432insA) and ARH2 (c.65G > A), were identified in the probands. All of the ARH homozygotes had large tendinous xanthomas, two had exertional angina, and four a positive stress ECG. None had experienced myocardial infarction or stroke. More than half had instrumental signs of atherosclerosis such as a positive stress ECG or positive carotid echo-doppler examination. The ARH heterozygotes were consistently normal and had a normal lipid profile. CONCLUSIONS The ARH phenotype resembles that of familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) homozygotes, but ARH may be a less serious illness. The absence of vertical transmission, and the presence of mild coronary heart disease and consanguinity, can suggest a possible diagnosis of ARH. ARH might be considered a phenocopy of FH but heterozygous subjects seem to have a consistently normal phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Fellin
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
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Arca M, Ombres D, Montali A, Campagna F, Mangieri E, Tanzilli G, Campa PP, Ricci G, Verna R, Pannitteri G. PON1 L55M polymorphism is not a predictor of coronary atherosclerosis either alone or in combination with Q192R polymorphism in an Italian population. Eur J Clin Invest 2002; 32:9-15. [PMID: 11851721 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2362.2002.00935.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study evaluated the role of the PON1 L55M polymorphism independently and in conjunction with the Q192R polymorphism on the risk of coronary atherosclerosis in an Italian population. MATERIALS AND METHODS Three hundred and ninety-one subjects with significant coronary stenosis (> 50%) (coronary artery disease-positive; CAD+), 196 subjects with normal coronary arteries (< 10% stenosis) (CAD-) and 178 healthy controls were screened using a combination of polymerase chain reaction and restriction enzyme digestion. RESULTS In the pooled population, the frequencies of L and M alleles were 0.63 and 0.37, respectively; the most common haplotypes were QQ/LM (24.2%) and QR/LL (21.8%) and a strong linkage disequilibrium between L/55 and R/192 alleles was observed (D' = -0.91; P < 0.0001). CAD+ subjects did not show any significant differences in the distribution of PON1-55 genotypes as compared to CAD- subjects and population controls (chi2 = 1.5, P = 0.8). After controlling for other risk factors, the low-concentration M allele was not associated with a significant change of CAD risk (OR 1.02; 95% CI 0.80-1.29; P = 0.87). Moreover, the L55M polymorphism did not show any interaction with other risk factors such as smoking, diabetes, hypertension, low levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) or high ratios of low-density to high-density lipoproteins. The combination of L55M with the Q192R polymorphism did not show any effect on CAD risk. However, a marginal decrease in myocardial infarction risk was detected when QQ/MM carriers (OR 0.51; 95% CI 0.26-0.99; P = 0.048), but not LL/RR carriers, were compared with subjects not homozygous for an L or R allele. CONCLUSIONS These findings did not indicate a major effect of the PON1 L55M polymorphism, either alone or in combination with the Q192R polymorphism, on CAD risk. Additional studies are needed for a better evaluation of the role of the 55/192 PON1 genotypes in combination on myocardial infarction risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Arca
- Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza', Rome, Italy.
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Arca M, Montali A, Ombres D, Battiloro E, Campagna F, Ricci G, Verna R. Lack of association of the common TaqIB polymorphism in the cholesteryl ester transfer protein gene with angiographically assessed coronary atherosclerosis. Clin Genet 2001; 60:374-80. [PMID: 11903340 DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-0004.2001.600510.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The anti-atherogenic effect of cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) genetic variants associated with lowered enzyme activity is controversial. Moreover, in a few studies, this effect has been evaluated in the presence of a certain risk factor constellation. We addressed this issue in a case-control study, where 415 subjects with angiographically documented coronary artery disease (CAD +), 397 subjects without CAD (in 215, CAD was excluded by coronarography (CAD-)), and 188 healthy population controls, were screened for the CETP TaqIB polymorphism. The prevalence of the low-activity TaqIB2 allele was 0.396 in CAD+, and 0.428 and 0.416 in CAD- and population controls, respectively (p = 0.40). Its presence was significantly associated with increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in population controls (1.40 +/- 0.40 mmol/l in B1B1, 1.52 +/- 0.39 mmol/l in B1B2 and 1.58 + 0.46 mmol/l in B2B2; p < 0.03 for trend), but not in the other groups. The CETP TaqIB polymorphism accounted for < 1% of the HDL-C variance in the whole cohort (p = 0.048). After adjustment for other risk factors, the CETP TaqIB2 allele was found not to be associated with significant changes in CAD risk independently of an assumed either dominant (odds ratio (OR) 0.97; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.66-1.44; p = 0.89) or recessive effect (OR 0.68; 95% CI 0.42-1.12; p = 0.13). The CETP TaqIB polymorphism did not show a significant interaction with other risk factors in influencing CAD risk. Our findings do not support the hypothesis that a genetic variant resulting in lowered CETP activity is associated with reduced risk of coronary atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Arca
- Istituto di Terapia Medica Sistematica, Università degli Studi di Roma La Sapienza, Italy.
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Napolitano M, Blotta I, Montali A, Bravo E. 17beta-estradiol enhances the flux of cholesterol through the cholesteryl ester cycle in human macrophages. Biosci Rep 2001; 21:637-52. [PMID: 12168771 DOI: 10.1023/a:1014721026280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogens have been shown to have many positive effects on the function of arterial wall, and recent evidence suggest that 17beta-estradiol has a direct action in reducing the accumulation of cholesteryl ester in macrophages. The mechanisms underlying the effects of 17beta-estradiol on foam cell formation, however are poorly understood. The aim of this study is to investigate the role of 17beta-estradiol in the regulation of the cholesteryl ester cycle and cholesterol efflux in human macrophages. In addition, the influence of 17beta-estradiol on apolipoprotein E (apoE) and lipoprotein lipase (LDL) secretion by the cells was also tested. Human Monocyte Derived Macrophages (HMDM), matured in the presence or the absence of 17beta-estradiol, were loaded with [3H]-cholesteryl ester-labeled-acetyl LDL (low density lipoprotein) and the efflux of radioactivity into the medium was measured. The effect of 17beta-estradiol on cellular activities of acyl coenzyme A: cholesterol acyl transferase (ACAT), and both neutral and acid cholesteryl ester hydrolase (CEH) and the secretion of apoE and LDL into the medium, were also studied. The results indicate that 17beta-estradiol induces an increase in the amount of labeled cholesterol released from the cells and, the data obtained from the measurements of ACAT and CEH activities showed that, in estrogen-treated HMDM, the cholesteryl ester cycle favors the hydrolysis of lipoprotein cholesterol by CEH in comparison with its acylation by ACAT. In particular, for the first time a strong enhancement of neutral and acid CEH in human macrophages by 17beta-estradiol, was demonstrated. ApoE and LDL secretion increased during the maturation of monocytes to macrophages, and was not modified by 17beta-estradiol. In contrast, loading the cells with cholesterol by incubation in the presence of acetylated or oxidized LDL produced an increase in the levels of apoE secreted by both estrogen-treated and control macrophages. The activity of LPL found in the cell medium, on the other hand, in lipid loaded cells tended to be increased only in estrogen treated macrophages, suggesting that the effects of estrogen on unloaded macrophages are different from those produced on lipid-loaded macrophages. On the whole, the present findings suggest that one of the mechanisms by which 17beta-estradiol acts to reduce cholesterol accumulation in macrophages is by increasing reverse cholesterol transport through the enhancement of the cholesteryl ester cycle, so that the generation of intracellular unesterified cholesterol for excretion from the cells is favored.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Napolitano
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Pathological Biochemistry, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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Arca M, Campagna F, Montali A, Barillà F, Mangieri E, Tanzilli G, Seccareccia F, Campa PP, Ricci G, Pannitteri G. The common mutations in the lipoprotein lipase gene in Italy: effects on plasma lipids and angiographically assessed coronary atherosclerosis. Clin Genet 2000; 58:369-74. [PMID: 11140837 DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-0004.2000.580507.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The present study evaluated the role of the common lipoprotein lipase (LPL) mutations on the risk of dyslipidemia and coronary atherosclerosis in an Italian population. Cohorts of 632 patients undergoing coronary angiography, as well as 191 healthy controls, were screened by a combination of PCR and restriction enzyme digestion. In the pooled population, the frequencies of LPL D9N and N291S were 4.1%, with no homozygous carriers, whereas that of LPL S447X was 21% with 19.6% heterozygous and 1.4% homozygous carriers. Compared to non-carriers, LPL N291S carriers showed higher plasma triglycerides (TG) (p < 0.03) and increased risk of high TG phenotype (odds ratio [OR] 2.49, 95% Cl 1.06-5.81; p < 0.03). When this LPL mutation was associated with high body mass index (BMI) ( > 25 Kg/m2) or fasting, plasma insulin (> 10.6 mU ml(-1)) significantly reduced HDL-C levels were also observed. Carriers of the S447X mutation presented with higher HDL-C concentrations (p < 0.05) as compared to non-carriers; they also showed a significantly reduced risk of high TG/low HDL-C dyslipidemia (OR 0.34, 95%, Cl 0.12-0.99; p < 0.05). The favourable effect of the LPL S447X variant was even more pronounced in lean subjects and in those with low insulin levels. No significant influence on plasma lipids by the LPL D9N was observed. None of LPL variants was a significant predictor of angiographically assessed coronary atherosclerosis. At most, the risk was borderline, increased in N291S carriers and possibly decreased in S447X carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Arca
- Istituto di Terapia Medica Sistematica, Universitá di Roma, La Sapienza, Italy.
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Baroni MG, D'Andrea MP, Montali A, Pannitteri G, Barillà F, Campagna F, Mazzei E, Lovari S, Seccareccia F, Campa PP, Ricci G, Pozzilli P, Urbinati G, Arca M. A common mutation of the insulin receptor substrate-1 gene is a risk factor for coronary artery disease. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1999; 19:2975-80. [PMID: 10591678 DOI: 10.1161/01.atv.19.12.2975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Insulin resistance is associated with increased risk of atherosclerosis. Insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) plays a key role in tissue insulin sensitivity. A common mutation (G972R) of the IRS-1 gene has been shown to impair IRS-1 function, and it has been associated with reduced insulin sensitivity and lipid abnormalities. This led us to investigate the role of the G972R mutation in predisposing individuals to coronary artery disease (CAD). The DNA of 318 subjects with angiographically documented coronary atherosclerosis (>50% stenosis) and 208 population control subjects was analyzed for the presence of the G972R mutation. This mutation was detected by nested polymerase chain reaction and BstNI restriction enzyme digestion. The frequency of the G972R mutation was significantly higher among patients with CAD than controls (18. 9% versus 6.8%, respectively; P<0.001). After controlling for other coronary risk factors, the relative risk of CAD associated with the G972R mutation was 2.93 (95% CI 1.30 to 6.60; P<0.02) in the entire cohort. This risk was found to be even higher in the subgroups of obese subjects (odds ratio [OR] 6.97, 95% CI 2.24 to 21.4; P<0.001) and subjects with clinical features of insulin resistance syndrome (OR 27.3, 95% CI 7.19 to 104.0; P<0.001). The IRS-1 gene variant was associated with a higher frequency of diabetes mellitus (14.9% among carriers versus 6.5% among noncarriers; P<0.01) and with a 60% increase of plasma total triglycerides (P<0.001). Also, plasma concentrations of total cholesterol and the ratio of total cholesterol to HDL cholesterol were significantly (P<0.001) higher among carriers than noncarriers, although to lesser a extent. These effects were independent of CAD status. The G972R mutation in the IRS-1 gene was found to be a significant independent predictor of CAD. Moreover, this mutation greatly increased the risk of CAD in obese subjects and in patients with the cluster of abnormalities of insulin resistance syndrome. Besides the increased frequency of diabetes, carriers showed a more atherogenic lipid profile, suggesting a potential role of the IRS-1 gene in the pathogenesis of lipid abnormalities associated with CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Baroni
- Istituto di II Clinica Medica, University of Rome La Sapienza, Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy.
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Campagna F, Flora L, Porcu L, Montali A, Cantini R, Ricci G, Urbinati G, Arca M. C20 The common polymorphisms in the lipoprotein lipase (LPL) gene in Italy: prevalence in the general population and effects on plasma lipids. Atherosclerosis 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9150(99)90123-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Ombres D, Pannitteri G, Montenero P, Porcu L, Biscosi C, Montali A, Di Lecce V, Campa P, Ricci G, Arca M. C22 Polymorphism of platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa (PIAIA2) and risk of myocardial infarction and ischaemic stroke in Italian patients. Atherosclerosis 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9150(99)90125-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Zuliani G, Arca M, Signore A, Bader G, Fazio S, Chianelli M, Bellosta S, Campagna F, Montali A, Maioli M, Pacifico A, Ricci G, Fellin R. Characterization of a new form of inherited hypercholesterolemia: familial recessive hypercholesterolemia. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1999; 19:802-9. [PMID: 10073989 DOI: 10.1161/01.atv.19.3.802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We previously described a Sardinian family in which the probands had a severe form of hypercholesterolemia, suggestive of familial hypercholesterolemia (FH). However, low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor activity in fibroblasts from these subjects and LDL binding ability were normal. The characteristics of the pedigree were consistent with an autosomal recessive trait. Sitosterolemia and pseudohomozygous hyperlipidemia were ruled out. A second Sardinian kindred with similar characteristics was identified. Probands showed severe hypercholesterolemia, whereas their parents and grandparents were normolipidemic. FH, familial defective apoprotein (apo) B, sitosterolemia, and cholesteryl ester storage disease were excluded by in vitro studies. We addressed the metabolic basis of this inherited disorder by studying the in vivo metabolism of LDL in 3 probands from these 2 families. 125I-LDL turnover studies disclosed a marked reduction in the fractional catabolic rate (0.19+/-0.01 versus 0.36+/-0.03 pools per day, respectively; P<0.001) and a significant increase in the production rate [20.7+/-4.4 versus 14. 0+/-2.4 mg. kg-1. d-1, respectively; P<0.01] of LDL apoB in the probands compared with normolipidemic controls. We then studied the in vivo biodistribution and tissue uptake of 99mtechnetium-labeled LDL in the probands and compared them with those in normal controls and 1 FH homozygote. The probands showed a significant reduction in hepatic LDL uptake, similar to that observed in the FH homozygote. A reduced uptake of LDL by the kidney and spleen was also observed in all patients. Our findings suggest that this recessive form of hypercholesterolemia is due to a marked reduction of in vivo LDL catabolism. This appears to be caused by a selective reduction in hepatic LDL uptake. We propose that in this new lipid disorder, a recessive defect causes a selective impairment of LDL receptor function in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Zuliani
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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Ombres D, Pannitteri G, Montali A, Candeloro A, Seccareccia F, Campagna F, Cantini R, Campa PP, Ricci G, Arca M. The gln-Arg192 polymorphism of human paraoxonase gene is not associated with coronary artery disease in italian patients. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1998; 18:1611-6. [PMID: 9763534 DOI: 10.1161/01.atv.18.10.1611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Serum paraoxonase (PON) is an HDL-bound enzyme protecting LDL from oxidation. A common polymorphism of the paraoxonase gene (PON1) involving a Gln-to-Arg interchange at position 192 has been demonstrated to modulate PON activity toward paraoxon, a nonphysiological substrate; Arg192 (allele B) is associated with higher activity than Gln192 (allele A). This polymorphism has been proposed as a genetic marker of risk for coronary artery disease (CAD). However, the relationships between codon 192 PON1 genotypes, coronary atherosclerosis, and the occurrence of myocardial infarction (MI) are still controversial. PON1 genotypes were determined in 472 consecutive subjects (>40 years old) who underwent coronary angiography. CAD (>50% stenosis) was detected in 310 subjects (CAD+); 162 subjects with <10% stenosis served as controls (CAD-). We also evaluated 204 randomly selected individuals as population controls. PON1 genotypes were determined by PCR and AlwI restriction enzyme digestion. Frequencies of alleles A and B were 0. 70 and 0.30 in angiographically assessed subjects and 0.73 and 0.27 in population controls, respectively (chi2=2.0; P<0.3). Distribution of PON1 genotypes in CAD+ were not significantly different from those in CAD- (chi2=2.10; P<0.3). Similarly, no differences were observed in the subgroup of CAD+ with MI nor in that at higher oxidative risk (smokers and/or diabetics). After controlling for other coronary risk factors, no association was found between PON1 alleles and the presence of CAD. PON1 AA genotype was associated with reduced concentration of apolipoprotein B-containing triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. This study did not provide evidence of a significant association between codon 192 PON1 genotypes and coronary atherosclerosis in Italian patients. However, it did confirm that the PON1 low-activity allele is associated with a less atherogenic lipid profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Ombres
- Istituto di Terapia Medica Sistematica , II Cattedra di Cardiologia and Istituto di Chirurgia del Cuore e dei Grossi Vasi, Università di Roma "La Sapienza", Italy
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Arca M, Pannitteri G, Campagna F, Candeloro A, Montali A, Cantini R, Seccareccia F, Campa PP, Marino B, Ricci G. Angiotensin-converting enzyme gene polymorphism is not associated with coronary atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction in a sample of Italian patients. Eur J Clin Invest 1998; 28:485-90. [PMID: 9693941 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2362.1998.00313.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The deletion (D) allele of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene has been proposed as a genetic marker of the risk of ischaemic heart disease. However, the relationships between ACE genotypes, the development of coronary atherosclerosis and the occurrence of major coronary events are still controversial. METHODS To investigate whether the ACE I/D (insertion/deletion) polymorphism predicts the risk of coronary stenosis and myocardial infarction (MI), ACE genotypes were determined in 394 consecutive patients who underwent coronary angiography. The presence determined in 394 consecutive patients who underwent coronary angiography. The presence of coronary artery disease (CAD) (defined by > 50% stenosis) was detected in 236 patients (CAD+); 85 of these individuals had a history of MI. Patients with coronary stenosis < 10% (n = 158) served as controls (CAD-). ACE genotypes were determined by agarose gel sizing after polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification. RESULTS The distribution of ACE genotypes in CAD+ patients was not significantly different from that in CAD-patients (chi 2 = 2.63, P < 0.27). After controlling for other coronary risk factors, no significant increase in risk of CAD or MI was found to be associated with the D allele, regardless of whether the D allele was assumed to have a dominant, a codominant or a recessive effect. Similar results were observed in CAD+ patients at lower risk because of low body mass index and apolipoprotein B concentrations. Smoking, apolipoprotein B and history of hypertension were found to be independent predictors of CAD and MI. CONCLUSION Our study did not provide evidence of a significant association between ACE genotypes and the development of coronary atherosclerosis. It also failed to support a role of ACE I/D polymorphism in favouring the conversion of coronary stenosis to MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Arca
- Istituto di Terapia Medica Sistematica, Università di Roma La Sapienza, Italy.
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Abstract
Liquid crystal displays, the dominant flat panel display technology, are limited in brightness and energy efficiency because of the use of absorbing polarizers and color filters. Liquid crystal-based photoluminescent display devices have been fabricated that use thin, polarized photoluminescent layers that have highly anisotropic absorption or emission. These layers both polarize light and generate bright color. This approach can simplify device design and substantially increase device brightness, contrast, efficiency, and (in specific configurations) viewing angle.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Weder
- Department of Materials, Institute of Polymers, Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich, UNO C14, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
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Ombres D, Pannitteri G, Campagna F, Candeloro A, Montali A, Campa P, Marino B, Ricci G, Arca M. 1.P.259 The Gln-Arg192 variant of the paraoxonase gene is not associated with the risk of coronary stenosis in Italian patients. Atherosclerosis 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9150(97)88438-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Zuliani G, Arca M, Bader G, Pacifico A, Signore A, Campagna F, Montali A, Chianelli M, Ricci G, Maioli M, Fellin R. 4.P.288 The metabolic basis of a new form of recessive hypercholesterolemia: The “FH-like” hypercholesterolemia. Atherosclerosis 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9150(97)89816-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Zuliani G, Arca M, Bader G, Signore A, .Campagna F, Montali A, Chianelli M, Ricci G, Maioli M, Fellin R. 128 Metabolic characterization of a new form of autosomal recessive hypercholesterolemia: the FH-like hypercholesterolemia. Atherosclerosis 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9150(97)87550-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Menditto A, Chiodo F, Giampaoli S, Menotti A, Ricci G, Urbinati G, Angelico F, Arca M, Bucci A, Buongiorno A, Consalvi D, Conti R, Dangelo G, Defilippis A, Delben M, Delmonaco E, Fazio S, Montali A, Pannozzo F, Pontecorvi A, Ricci P, Sibilia L, Sotis G, Stefanutti C, Volpe R, Barzotti S, Capelli M, Capocaccia R, Dicarlo G, Dima F, Lonoce C, Lombari P, Pasquali M, Santaquilani A, Verdecchia A, Morisi G. Association of Serum Selenium with Selected Cardiovascular Risk Factors. Microchem J 1995; 51:170-180. [DOI: 10.1006/mchj.1995.1022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
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Montali A, Vega GL, Grundy SM. Concentrations of apolipoprotein A-I-containing particles in patients with hypoalphalipoproteinemia. Arterioscler Thromb 1994; 14:511-7. [PMID: 8148349 DOI: 10.1161/01.atv.14.4.511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
This study was performed to determine relations among concentrations of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) apolipoprotein (apo) A-I and apoA-II and lipoproteins with apoA-I only (LpA-I) and with both apoA-I and apoA-II (LpA-I:A-II) in patients with low plasma levels of HDL cholesterol. Seventy-seven middle-aged men with low HDL cholesterol levels (< 40 mg/dL) were compared with 37 middle-aged men with normal HDL cholesterol levels (> 40 mg/dL). Low-HDL patients were divided into those with normotriglyceridemia (triglycerides < 250 mg/dL; n = 49) and hypertriglyceridemia (triglycerides > or = 250 mg/dL; n = 28). Total apoA-I and apoA-II concentrations and apoA-I levels in LpA-I were significantly lower in the two low-HDL groups compared with control subjects. Although low-HDL patients' apoA-I levels were numerically lower in LpA-I:A-II compared with control subjects' levels, the differences were not statistically significant. Thus, there is a preferential reduction in apoA-I levels of LpA-I compared with LpA-I:A-II in patients with low HDL cholesterol. This preferential reduction in LpA-I levels was observed in both normotriglyceridemic and hypertriglyceridemic patients. However, among low-HDL patients levels of apoA-I in LpA-I did not distinguish between those with and without coronary heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Montali
- Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas 75235-9052
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Arca M, Ciocca S, Montali A, Capocaccia R, Angelico F, Angelico M, Attili AF, Calvieri A, Capocaccia L, Conti R. Erythrocyte fatty acid composition and gallstone disease: results of an epidemiological survey. Am J Clin Nutr 1987; 46:110-4. [PMID: 3604961 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/46.1.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Within a cross-sectional study on the epidemiology of gallstone disease (GD) and its related factors, relation of GD to habitual dietary fat types has been investigated. Gallbladder status was assessed by ultrasound; fatty acid composition of the habitual diet was estimated by GLC of erythrocyte fatty acids. No differences in erythrocyte fatty acid composition were observed between women without gallstones, women with gallstones (aware and unaware of their condition), and women who had cholecystectomies. Multivariate analysis, including other diet-dependent and gallstone-related variables, showed no significant association between erythrocyte fatty acids and risk for gallstones. However, raised erythrocyte linoleic:saturated ratio was associated with increased risk for gallstones only in women with very low serum triglycerides. This latter finding needs further confirmation and is presently unexplainable. Our results suggest that dietary fatty acids do not play a major role in GD.
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Ciocca S, Arca M, Montali A, Fazio S, Bucci A, Angelico F. Lack of association between arterial blood pressure and erythrocyte fatty acid composition in an Italian population sample. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 1987; 47:105-110. [PMID: 3576115 DOI: 10.1080/00365518709168877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
The relation between arterial blood pressure and erythrocyte fatty acid composition was investigated in a large urban female population aged 20-69 years. No significant differences in the relative amounts of saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated (n-6 and n-3 series) fatty acids and in the mean polyunsaturated/saturated and linoleic/oleic ratios were observed in the different quartiles of both systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Moreover, there was no significant correlation between individual erythrocyte fatty acids and their ratios and either blood pressure or other risk factors for atherosclerosis (age, body mass index, total serum cholesterol and triglycerides). In the multivariate analysis no independent correlations between systolic and diastolic blood pressure and the individual erythrocyte fatty acids were observed; age and body mass index were strongly related to blood pressure. Our results do not confirm for erythrocyte fatty acids the reported associations between plasma fatty acids and blood pressure.
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Ciocca S, Arca M, Montali A, Fazio S, Bucci A, Angelico F. Lack of association between arterial blood pressure and erythrocyte fatty acid composition in an Italian population sample. Scand J of Clinical & Lab Investigation 1987. [DOI: 10.3109/00365518709168877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Arca M, Montali A, Ciocca S, Angelico F, Cantafora A. An improved gas-liquid chromatographic method for the determination of fecal neutral sterols. J Lipid Res 1983; 24:332-5. [PMID: 6842089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The analysis of fecal neutral sterols has been improved by use of a highly selective gas-liquid chromatography column packed with SP-2401. This chromatographic column allows separation of cholesterol and cholestanol and delta 5-5 alpha plant sterol homologs without employing silver nitrate thin-layer chromatography. Furthermore, there is no need to derivatize neutral sterols before injection. The main fecal neutral sterols are well resolved; retention times are reproducible; detector response is reproducible, linear, and sensitive to 0.2 micrograms. This method, successfully used for fecal samples, may be suggested as a routine method for the clinical study of cholesterol metabolism.
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Angelico F, Arca M, Calvieri A, Cantafora A, Guccione P, Monini P, Montali A, Ricci G. Plasma and erythrocyte fatty acids: a methodology for evaluation of hypocholesterolemic dietary interventions. Prev Med 1983; 12:124-7. [PMID: 6844291 DOI: 10.1016/0091-7435(83)90180-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
A major source of concern in the management of hypercholesterolemia is the careful evaluation of adherence to dietary prescriptions. Routine analysis of plasma fatty acids to monitor adherence of hyperlipidemic outpatients to diets varied in lipid composition is a major task of our research group. Plasma fatty acid patterns are determined by gas-liquid chromatography 60 days after starting an experimental normocaloric diet with 37% fat calories and a polyunsaturated/saturated (P/S) ratio of 3.4. Where poor adherence is observed, the dietary message is administered more incisively or changed accordingly. It is also possible to identify with certainty diet-resistant hypercholesterolemic individuals, i.e., the true nonresponders, who represent only a minority. The determination of erythrocyte fatty acid patterns represents a useful index of adherence in long-term feeding studies and has been extensively carried out in subsamples of persons examined at the fourth rescreening of a controlled trial of primary prevention of coronary heart disease. Increases in mean erythrocyte linoleic/oleic (L/O) and P/S ratios were observed in persons undergoing collective or individual hypocholesterolemic treatment, mean changes being proportional to the different type of nutritional approach. In our opinion, this methodology is the most reliable technique not only for the identification of the different responses to hypocholesterolemic dietary recommendations but also to monitor fat consumption in population samples.
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Angelico F, Amodeo P, Borgogelli C, Cantafora A, Montali A, Ricci G. Red blood cell fatty acid composition in a sample of Italian middle-aged men on free diet. Nutr Metab 1980; 24:148-53. [PMID: 7443095 DOI: 10.1159/000176335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Within the framework of a project of primary prevention of coronary heart disease the erythrocyte fatty acid composition was determined in 140 Italian middle-aged men on free diet. The linoleic/oleic ratio ranged from 0.27 to 0.96 pointing out remarkable differences in dietary fat intake. A negative correlation was observed between erythrocyte linoleic/oleic ratio and plasma cholesterol levels. This gives indirect support to the validity of this ratio as an index of adherence to cholesterol-lowering diets in long-term studies.
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