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Hamoumi M, Allain PE, Hease W, Gil-Santos E, Morgenroth L, Gérard B, Lemaître A, Leo G, Favero I. Microscopic Nanomechanical Dissipation in Gallium Arsenide Resonators. Phys Rev Lett 2018; 120:223601. [PMID: 29906180 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.223601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We report on a systematic study of nanomechanical dissipation in high-frequency (≈300 MHz) gallium arsenide optomechanical disk resonators, in conditions where clamping and fluidic losses are negligible. Phonon-phonon interactions are shown to contribute with a loss background fading away at cryogenic temperatures (3 K). Atomic layer deposition of alumina at the surface modifies the quality factor of resonators, pointing towards the importance of surface dissipation. The temperature evolution is accurately fitted by two-level systems models, showing that nanomechanical dissipation in gallium arsenide resonators directly connects to their microscopic properties. Two-level systems, notably at surfaces, appear to rule the damping and fluctuations of such high-quality crystalline nanomechanical devices, at all temperatures from 3 to 300 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hamoumi
- Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS UMR 7162, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75013 Paris, France
| | - P E Allain
- Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS UMR 7162, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75013 Paris, France
| | - W Hease
- Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS UMR 7162, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75013 Paris, France
| | - E Gil-Santos
- Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS UMR 7162, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75013 Paris, France
| | - L Morgenroth
- Institut d'Electronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie, UMR CNRS 8520, Avenue Poincaré, 59652, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - B Gérard
- III-V Lab, 1 Avenue Augustin Fresnel, 91767 Palaiseau, France
| | - A Lemaître
- Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, CNRS, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, C2N-Marcoussis, Route de Nozay, 91460 Marcoussis, France
| | - G Leo
- Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS UMR 7162, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75013 Paris, France
| | - I Favero
- Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS UMR 7162, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75013 Paris, France
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Baer S, Afenjar A, Smol T, Piton A, Gérard B, Alembik Y, Bienvenu T, Boursier G, Boute O, Colson C, Cordier MP, Cormier-Daire V, Delobel B, Doco-Fenzy M, Duban-Bedu B, Fradin M, Geneviève D, Goldenberg A, Grelet M, Haye D, Heron D, Isidor B, Keren B, Lacombe D, Lèbre AS, Lesca G, Masurel A, Mathieu-Dramard M, Nava C, Pasquier L, Petit A, Philip N, Piard J, Rondeau S, Saugier-Veber P, Sukno S, Thevenon J, Van-Gils J, Vincent-Delorme C, Willems M, Schaefer E, Morin G. Wiedemann-Steiner syndrome as a major cause of syndromic intellectual disability: A study of 33 French cases. Clin Genet 2018; 94:141-152. [PMID: 29574747 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Revised: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Wiedemann-Steiner syndrome (WSS) is a rare syndromic condition in which intellectual disability (ID) is associated with hypertrichosis cubiti, short stature, and characteristic facies. Following the identification of the causative gene (KMT2A) in 2012, only 31 cases of WSS have been described precisely in the literature. We report on 33 French individuals with a KMT2A mutation confirmed by targeted gene sequencing, high-throughput sequencing or exome sequencing. Patients' molecular and clinical features were recorded and compared with the literature data. On the molecular level, we found 29 novel mutations. We observed autosomal dominant transmission of WSS in 3 families and mosaicism in one family. Clinically, we observed a broad phenotypic spectrum with regard to ID (mild to severe), the facies (typical or not of WSS) and associated malformations (bone, cerebral, renal, cardiac and ophthalmological anomalies). Hypertrichosis cubiti that was supposed to be pathognomonic in the literature was found only in 61% of our cases. This is the largest series of WSS cases yet described to date. A majority of patients exhibited suggestive features, but others were less characteristic, only identified by molecular diagnosis. The prevalence of WSS was higher than expected in patients with ID, suggesting than KMT2A is a major gene in ID.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Baer
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Institut Génétique Médicale d'Alsace, Strasbourg, France.,Laboratoire de Diagnostic Génétique, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - A Afenjar
- Unité de Génétique, Hôpital Armand Trousseau-La Roche-Guyon, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - T Smol
- Institut de Génétique Médicale, Hôpital Jeanne de Flandre, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
| | - A Piton
- Laboratoire de Diagnostic Génétique, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - B Gérard
- Laboratoire de Diagnostic Génétique, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Y Alembik
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Institut Génétique Médicale d'Alsace, Strasbourg, France
| | - T Bienvenu
- Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - G Boursier
- Département Génétique Médicale, Laboratoire génétique moléculaire maladies auto inflammatoires et maladies rares, CHRU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - O Boute
- Service de Génétique Clinique, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
| | - C Colson
- Service de Génétique Clinique, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
| | - M-P Cordier
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - V Cormier-Daire
- Département de Génétique, INSERM UMR1163, Institut Imagine, Hôpital Necker-Enfants-Malades, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - B Delobel
- Centre de Génétique Chromosomique, Groupe Hospitalier de l'Institut Catholique de Lille, Lille, France
| | - M Doco-Fenzy
- Service de Génétique, CHU de Reims, Reims, France
| | - B Duban-Bedu
- Centre de Génétique Chromosomique, Groupe Hospitalier de l'Institut Catholique de Lille, Lille, France
| | - M Fradin
- Service de Génétique Clinique, CHU Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - D Geneviève
- Département de Génétique Médicale, CHRU Montpellier, Faculté de Médecine de Montpellier-Nîmes, INSERM U1183, Montpellier, France
| | - A Goldenberg
- Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU de Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - M Grelet
- Département de Génétique Médicale, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - D Haye
- Service de Génétique Clinique, Unité Fonctionnelle de Génétique Médicale, CHU Paris-GH La Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Paris, France
| | - D Heron
- Service de Génétique Clinique, Unité Fonctionnelle de Génétique Médicale, CHU Paris-GH La Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Paris, France
| | - B Isidor
- Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - B Keren
- Unité Fonctionnelle de Génomique du Développement, Centre de Génétique Moléculaire et Chromosomique, CHU Paris-GH La Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Paris, France
| | - D Lacombe
- Département de Génétique Médicale, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - A-S Lèbre
- Laboratoire de Génétique, Service de Génétique et Biologie de la Reproduction, CHU de Reims, Reims, France
| | - G Lesca
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - A Masurel
- Centre de Génétique, CHU Dijon, Hôpital d'Enfants, Dijon, France
| | | | - C Nava
- Unité Fonctionnelle de Génomique du Développement, Centre de Génétique Moléculaire et Chromosomique, CHU Paris-GH La Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Paris, France
| | - L Pasquier
- Service de Génétique Clinique, CHU Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - A Petit
- Service de Génétique Clinique, CHU Amiens Picardie, Amiens, France
| | - N Philip
- Département de Génétique Médicale, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - J Piard
- Centre de Génétique Humaine, Université de Franche-Comté, CHU Besançon, Besançon, France
| | - S Rondeau
- Département de Génétique, INSERM UMR1163, Institut Imagine, Hôpital Necker-Enfants-Malades, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - P Saugier-Veber
- Département de Génétique, CHU Rouen, Inserm U1079, Institut pour la recherche et l'innovation en Biomédecine, Université de Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - S Sukno
- Service de Neuropédiatrie, Hôpital Saint Vincent de Paul, Groupe Hospitalier de l'Institut Catholique Lillois, Faculté Libre de Médecine, Lille, France
| | - J Thevenon
- Equipe d'Accueil 4271, Génétique des Anomalies du Développement, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - J Van-Gils
- Département de Génétique Médicale, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - C Vincent-Delorme
- Service de Génétique Clinique, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
| | - M Willems
- Département de Génétique Médicale, CHRU Montpellier, Faculté de Médecine de Montpellier-Nîmes, INSERM U1183, Montpellier, France
| | - E Schaefer
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Institut Génétique Médicale d'Alsace, Strasbourg, France
| | - G Morin
- Service de Génétique Clinique, CHU Amiens Picardie, Amiens, France
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Jacquin-Porretaz C, Gérard B, Nardin C, Drobacheff-Thiébaut M, Blanc D, Jacoulet P, Westeel V, Aubin F. Toxicité cutanée de l’erlotinib induite par la prise de thé à l’hibiscus. Ann Dermatol Venereol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annder.2017.09.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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4
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Clément Q, Melkonian JM, Dherbecourt JB, Raybaut M, Grisard A, Lallier E, Gérard B, Faure B, Souhaité G, Godard A. Longwave infrared, single-frequency, tunable, pulsed optical parametric oscillator based on orientation-patterned GaAs for gas sensing. Opt Lett 2015; 40:2676-2679. [PMID: 26076234 DOI: 10.1364/ol.40.002676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a nanosecond single-frequency nested cavity optical parametric oscillator (NesCOPO) based on orientation-patterned GaAs (OP-GaAs). Its low threshold energy of 10 μJ enables to pump it with a pulsed single-frequency Tm:YAP microlaser. Stable single-longitudinal-mode emission is obtained owing to Vernier spectral filtering provided by the dual-cavity doubly-resonant NesCOPO scheme. Crystal temperature tuning covers the 10.3-10.9 μm range with a quasi-phase-matching period of 72.6 μm. A first step toward the implementation of this device in a differential absorption lidar is demonstrated by carrying out short-range standoff detection of ammonia vapor around 10.4 μm. Owing to the single-frequency emission, interferences due to absorption by atmospheric water vapor can be discriminated from the analyte signal.
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Thauvin-Robinet C, Drunat S, Saugier Veber P, Chantereau D, Cossée M, Cassini C, Soichot P, Masurel-Paulet A, De Monléon JV, Sagot P, Huet F, Antin M, Calmels N, Faivre L, Gérard B. Homozygous SMN1 exons 1-6 deletion: pitfalls in genetic counseling and general recommendations for spinal muscular atrophy molecular diagnosis. Am J Med Genet A 2012; 158A:1735-41. [PMID: 22678974 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.35402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2011] [Accepted: 03/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
We report on a rare homozygous intragenic deletion encompassing exons 1-6 of the SMN1 gene in a patient with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) born into a consanguineous family. This exceptional configuration induced misinterpretation of the molecular defect involved in this patient, who was first reported as having a classic SMN1 exon 7 deletion. This case points out the possible pitfalls in molecular diagnosis of SMA in affected patients and their relatives: exploration of the SMN1 exon 7 (c.840C/T alleles) may be disturbed by several non-pathological or pathological variants around the SMN1 exon 7. In order to accurately describe the molecular defect in an SMA-affected patient, we propose to apply the Human Genome Variation Society nomenclature. This widely accepted nomenclature would improve the reporting of the molecular defect observed in SMA patients and thus would avoid the commonly used but imprecise terminology "absence of SMN1 exon 7."
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Grisard A, Gutty F, Lallier E, Gérard B, Jimenez J. Fabrication and applications of orientation-patterned gallium arsenide for mid-infrared generation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/pssc.201200024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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7
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Saqalli M, Gérard B, Bielders C, Defourny P. Testing the impact of social forces on the evolution of Sahelian farming systems: A combined agent-based modeling and anthropological approach. Ecol Modell 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2010.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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8
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Deu M, Sagnard F, Chantereau J, Calatayud C, Vigouroux Y, Pham JL, Mariac C, Kapran I, Mamadou A, Gérard B, Ndjeunga J, Bezançon G. Spatio-temporal dynamics of genetic diversity in Sorghum bicolor in Niger. Theor Appl Genet 2010; 120:1301-13. [PMID: 20062963 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-009-1257-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2009] [Accepted: 12/19/2009] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The dynamics of crop genetic diversity need to be assessed to draw up monitoring and conservation priorities. However, few surveys have been conducted in centres of diversity. Sub-Saharan Africa is the centre of origin of sorghum. Most Sahel countries have been faced with major human, environmental and social changes in recent decades, which are suspected to cause genetic erosion. Sorghum is the second staple cereal in Niger, a centre of diversity for this crop. Niger was submitted to recurrent drought period and to major social changes during these last decades. We report here on a spatio-temporal analysis of sorghum genetic diversity, conducted in 71 villages covering the rainfall gradient and range of agro-ecological conditions in Niger's agricultural areas. We used 28 microsatellite markers and applied spatial and genetic clustering methods to investigate change in genetic diversity over a 26-year period (1976-2003). Global genetic differentiation between the two collections was very low (F (st) = 0.0025). Most of the spatial clusters presented no major differentiation, as measured by F (st), and showed stability or an increase in allelic richness, except for two of them located in eastern Niger. The genetic clusters identified by Bayesian analysis did not show a major change between the two collections in the distribution of accessions between them or in their spatial location. These results suggest that farmers' management has globally preserved sorghum genetic diversity in Niger.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique Deu
- CIRAD, UMR DAP, Avenue Agropolis, TA-A 96/03, 34398, Montpellier, France.
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Meziani R, Descamps V, Gérard B, Matichard E, Bertrand G, Archimbaud A, Ollivaud L, Saiag P, Lebbé C, Basset-Seguin N, Alberti C, Crickx B, Grandchamp B, Soufir N. Association study of the g.8818A>G polymorphism of the human agouti gene with melanoma risk and pigmentary characteristics in a French population. J Dermatol Sci 2005; 40:133-6. [PMID: 16183259 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2005.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2005] [Revised: 07/23/2005] [Accepted: 08/08/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Abstract
Implantable stimulators are needed for chronic electrical stimulation of nerves and muscles in experimental studies. The device described exploits the versatility of current microcontrollers for stimulation and communication in a miniature implant. Their standard outputs can provide the required selectable constant-current sources. In this device, pre-programmed stimulation paradigms were selected by transcutaneous light pulses. The potential of a programmable integrated circuit (PIC) was thus exploited. Implantable devices must be biocompatible. A novel encapsulation method that require no specialised equipment and that used two classical encapsulants, silicone and Teflon was developed. It was tested for implantation periods of up to four weeks. A novel way to estimate electrode impedance in awake animals is also presented. It was thus possible to follow the evolution of the nerve-electrode interface and, if necessary, to adjust the stimulation parameters. In practice, the electrode voltage at the end of a known constant-current pulse was measured by the PIC. The binary coded value was then indicated to the user as a series of muscle twitches that represented the binary value of the impedance measurement. This neurostimulator has been successfully tested in vitro and in vivo. Thresholds and impedance values were chronically monitored following implantation of a self-sizing spiral cuff electrode. Impedance variations in the first weeks could reflect morphological changes usually observed after the implantation of such electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Thil
- Neural Rehabilitation Engineering Laboratory, Université Catholique de Louvain, Medical School, Brussels, Belgium
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Abstract
A blind volunteer, suffering from retinitis pigmentosa, has been chronically implanted with an optic nerve visual prosthesis. Vision rehabilitation with this volunteer has concentrated on the development of a stimulation strategy according to which video camera images are converted into stimulation pulses. The aim is to convey as much information as possible about the visual scene within the limits of the device's capabilities. Pattern recognition tasks were used to assess the effectiveness of the stimulation strategy. The results demonstrate how even a relatively basic algorithm can efficiently convey useful information regarding the visual scene. By increasing the number of phosphenes used in the algorithm, better performance is observed but a longer training period is required. After a learning period, the volunteer achieved a pattern recognition score of 85% at 54 s on average per pattern. After nine evaluation sessions, when using a stimulation strategy exploiting all available phosphenes, no saturation effect has yet been observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Brelén
- Neural Rehabilitation Engineering Laboratory, Université catholique de Louvain, 54 Avenue Hippocrate Box UCL-54.46, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
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Gérard B, Deuzé JL, Herman M, Kaufman YJ, Lallart P, Oudard C, Remer LA, Roger B, Six B, Tanré D. Comparisons between POLDER 2 and MODIS/Terra aerosol retrievals over ocean. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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13
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Soufir N, Lacapere JJ, Bertrand G, Matichard E, Meziani R, Mirebeau D, Descamps V, Gérard B, Archimbaud A, Ollivaud L, Bouscarat F, Baccard M, Lanternier G, Saïag P, Lebbé C, Basset-Seguin N, Crickx B, Cave H, Grandchamp B. Germline mutations of the INK4a-ARF gene in patients with suspected genetic predisposition to melanoma. Br J Cancer 2004; 90:503-9. [PMID: 14735200 PMCID: PMC2409576 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6601503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Germline anomalies of the INK4a-ARF and Cdk4 genes were sought in a series of 89 patients suspected of having a genetic predisposition to melanoma. Patients were selected based on the following criteria: (a) familial melanoma (23 cases), (b) multiple primary melanoma (MPM; 18 cases), (c) melanoma and additional unrelated cancers (13 cases), (d) age at diagnosis less than 25 years (21 cases), and (e) nonphoto-induced melanoma (NPIM; 14 cases). Mutations of INK4a-ARF and Cdk4 were characterised by automated sequencing, and germline deletions of INK4a-ARF were also examined by real-time quantitative PCR. Seven germline changes of INK4a-ARF, five of which were novel, were found in seven patients (8%). Four were very likely to be pathogenic mutations and were found in three high-risk melanoma families and in a patient who had a pancreatic carcinoma in addition to melanoma. Three variants of uncertain significance were detected in one MPM patient, one patient <25 years, and one NPIM patient. No germline deletion of INK4a-ARF was found in 71 patients, and no Cdk4 mutation was observed in the 89 patients. This study confirms that INK4a-ARF mutations are infrequent outside stringent familial criteria, and that germline INK4a-ARF deletions are rarely involved in genetic predisposition to melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Soufir
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Hormonale et Génétique, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, 46 rue henri Huchard, Paris 75018, France.
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14
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Matichard E, Verpillat P, Meziani R, Gérard B, Descamps V, Legroux E, Burnouf M, Bertrand G, Bouscarat F, Archimbaud A, Picard C, Ollivaud L, Basset-Seguin N, Kerob D, Lanternier G, Lebbe C, Crickx B, Grandchamp B, Soufir N. Melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) gene variants may increase the risk of melanoma in France independently of clinical risk factors and UV exposure. J Med Genet 2004; 41:e13. [PMID: 14757863 PMCID: PMC1735671 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.2003.011536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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15
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Cusin V, Clermont O, Gérard B, Chantereau D, Elion J. Prevalence of SMN1 deletion and duplication in carrier and normal populations: implication for genetic counselling. J Med Genet 2003; 40:e39. [PMID: 12676912 PMCID: PMC1735434 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.40.4.e39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Pivot X, Awada A, Gedouin D, Kerger J, Rolland F, Cupissol D, Caponigro F, Comella G, Lopez-Pousa JJ, Guardiola E, Giroux B, Gérard B, Schneider M. Results of randomised phase II studies comparing S16020 with methotrexate in patients with recurrent head and neck cancer. Ann Oncol 2003; 14:373-7. [PMID: 12598340 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdg114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to carry out two randomised phase II trials of S16020, a new olivacine derivative, tested as a single agent in patients with recurrent head and neck cancer, using methotrexate as the control arm to validate the results. PATIENTS AND METHODS S16020 at either 80 or 100 mg/m2 was administered as a 3-h infusion every 3 weeks. Methotrexate, 40 or 50 mg/m2, was given by bolus injection, weekly for a minimum of 6 weeks. In total, 36 patients were entered in the randomised studies (25 in an initial study, 11 in a confirmatory study) of whom 24 received S16020 and 12 received methotrexate. RESULTS A scheduled interim analysis showed one patient having a non-confirmed objective response with S16020 and three patients having a confirmed objective response with methotrexate. In the methotrexate group, there were no patients with severe non-haematological toxicity. With S16020, there was a high incidence of severe non-haematological toxicities, including asthenia, oedema of the face, oedema and pain at the tumour sites and erythematous rash; consequently, both studies were stopped. CONCLUSIONS Both studies were stopped due to the poor anticipated benefit/risk ratio for S16020, although time to progression and overall survival time were similar in both treatment arms.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Pivot
- Service d'Oncology, CHU J. Minjoz, Besançon, France.
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Abstract
The microsystems based visual prosthesis (MiViP) visual prosthesis generates visual perceptions well below safety and stimulator saturation limits. These perceptions, called phosphenes, are of reasonably small size and are broadly distributed in the visual field. They can thus be used to convey useful visual information. Psychophysical evaluations are being performed in order to assess the implantee's benefits in the use of the MiViP optic nerve visual prosthesis. In a pattern-recognition task, the performance improved regularly with practice with an increasing score and a decreasing delay to recognition. These observations open the way toward an evaluation of general mobility improvement with the portable system. In conclusion, the results obtained so far still support the potential usefulness of the optic nerve visual prosthesis. A low-resolution artificial vision can be expected from the prosthesis after extensive training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Delbeke
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Neural Rehabilitation Engineering Laboratory, Brussels, Belgium.
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18
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Gérard B, El Benna J, Alcain F, Gougerot-Pocidalo MA, Grandchamp B, Chollet-Martin S. Characterization of 11 novel mutations in the X-linked chronic granulomatous disease (CYBB gene). Hum Mutat 2001; 18:163. [PMID: 11462241 DOI: 10.1002/humu.1166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The most frequent form of chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is caused by inactivation of the CYBB gene, which encodes the gp91-phox subunit of phagocyte NADPH oxidase. This defect prevents phagocytes from producing reactive oxygen species and thus from eradicating bacterial and fungal infections. We investigated 16 unrelated male patients with suspected X-linked CGD and gp91-phox deficiency. A mutation was found in the CYBB gene of all 16 patients, and 11 of these mutations were novel. Eleven patients (69%) had a point mutation (84G>A in two unrelated patients, and 177C>G, 217C>T, 388C>T, 676C>T, 691C>T, 868C>T, 919A>C, 1384G>T and T1514G in one case each, yielding W28X, C59W, R73X, R130X, R226X, Q231X, R290X, T307P, E462X, L505R gp-91phox). One patient had an in-frame deletion removing two amino acids (R54 and A55). Finally, insertions or duplications were found in four patients (from +1 to +31 bases). Overall, 12 (75%) of the mutations led to the production of a truncated protein. No clear correlation was found between clinical manifestations and genomic/biochemical alterations. Thirteen mothers could be tested, and all were carriers. Hum Mutat 18:163, 2001.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Gérard
- Service de Biochimie Hormonale et Génétique, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, 46 rue Henri Huchard, 75018 Paris, France
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19
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Gérard B, Ginet N, Matthijs G, Evrard P, Baumann C, Da Silva F, Gérard-Blanluet M, Mayer M, Grandchamp B, Elion J. Genotype determination at the survival motor neuron locus in a normal population and SMA carriers using competitive PCR and primer extension. Hum Mutat 2000; 16:253-63. [PMID: 10980532 DOI: 10.1002/1098-1004(200009)16:3<253::aid-humu8>3.0.co;2-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Precise quantitation of SMN1 copy number is of great interest in many clinical applications such as direct detection of SMA carriers or detection of an SMA-affected patient with a hemizygous deletion of the SMN1 gene. We describe a method that combines two independent nonradioactive PCR assays: determination of the relative ratio of the SMN1 and SMN2 genes using a primer extension assay and of the total SMN copy number using competitive PCR. Consistency of the results of two independent approaches ensures the reliability of the deduced genotype and thus avoids false interpretation of borderline results that can occur in quantitative assays. In all, 135 subjects were tested, including 91 normal controls and 44 SMA-affected children or SMA carriers. Two main genotypes were observed in controls: 2T/2C (45%) and 2T/1C (32%). A wide variability at the SMN locus is observed with nine different genotypes and up to six SMN genes. SMA carriers showed three frequent genotypes, 1T/2C (50%), 1T/3C (29%), and 1T/1C (18%). Normal chromosomes with two SMN1 genes per chromosome are not infrequent and thus, about 3% of SMA carriers are not detected using SMN1 copy number quantitation. Finally, as this method does not detect point mutations (4% of SMN1 gene mutations), reliability ranges from 93% to 100% depending on data available from the propositus.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Gérard
- Service de Biochimie Génétique, Hôpital Robert Debré, Paris, France.
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20
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Brian E, Di Palma M, Etassami A, Quabdesselam R, Gérard B, Chouaki N, Lucas C, Brillanceau M, Giroux B, Turpin F, Misset J. Phase I trial and pharmacokinetic (PK) study of S16020 according to a weekly and every 2 week (W) schedule in cancer patients (PT). Eur J Cancer 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(99)81579-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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21
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Gérard B, Thierry M, Didier C, Laurent T, Pierre G, Thierry CL. Intra-observer concordance of the Neuroradiologic Reviewing Committee in CT scan reviewing in MAST-E. Multicenter Acute Stroke Trial-Europe. Acta Neurol Scand 1998; 98:292-3. [PMID: 9808282 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0404.1998.tb07312.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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22
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Molenaar JJ, Gérard B, Chambon-Pautas C, Cavé H, Duval M, Vilmer E, Grandchamp B. Microsatellite instability and frameshift mutations in BAX and transforming growth factor-beta RII genes are very uncommon in acute lymphoblastic leukemia in vivo but not in cell lines. Blood 1998; 92:230-3. [PMID: 9639521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the DNA mismatch repair (MMR) system lead to an instability of simple repetitive DNA sequences involved in several cancer types. This instability is reflected in a high mutation rate of microsatellites, and recent studies in colon cancer indicate that defects in MMR result in frequent frameshift mutations in mononucleotide repeats located in the coding regions of BAX and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) receptor genes. Circumstantial evidence suggests that the MMR defect may be involved in some lymphoid malignancies, although several allelotype analyses have concluded on the low level of microsatellite instability in acute lymphoblastic leukemias. To further evaluate the implication of MMR defects in leukemogenesis, we have studied a series of 98 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and 14 leukemic cell lines using several indicators of MMR defects. Microsatellite markers were compared between blast and normal DNA from the same patients and mutations were sought in mononucleotide repeat sequences of BAX and TGF-beta receptor II (TGF-beta RII). The absence of microsatellite instability (MI) and the absence of mutations in the genes examined from patient's leukemic cells contrasted with the observation that half of the cell lines displayed a high degree of MI and that three of seven of these mutator cell lines harbored mutations in BAX and/or TGF-beta RII. From these results we conclude that MMR defects are very uncommon in freshly isolated blasts but are likely to be selected for during the establishment of cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Molenaar
- INSERM U409, Association Claude Bernard, Faculté de Médecine Xavier Bichat, Paris, France
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23
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Chambon-Pautas C, Cavé H, Gérard B, Guidal-Giroux C, Duval M, Vilmer E, Grandchamp B. High-resolution allelotype analysis of childhood B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Leukemia 1998; 12:1107-13. [PMID: 9665197 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2401069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge of the patterns of allelic loss has been useful in identifying tumor suppressor genes in many solid tumors. Although the loss of genetic material in acute lymphoblastic leukemias has been documented by cytogenetic studies and microsatellite typing, a global overview of losses of heterozygosity occurring throughout the genome was not yet available. We have performed a high resolution allelotype analysis in 63 childhood B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia. A total of 247 microsatellite markers, evenly distributed along the autosomes were typed in blast and in remission samples from every patient. An average of 41 patients were informative for each marker. LOH at one or several loci was observed in 41 of the 63 patients (64%). The mean values for the fractional allelic loss (FAL) and the hemizygosity index, calculated for each patient, were 0.03 (range 0 to 0.23) and 0.024 (range 0 to 0.18), respectively. The most frequently involved chromosomal arms were 9p (36%), 12p (31%), 20q (15%), 6q (12%), 5p (10%) and 10p (10%). Three regions on chromosomal arms 9p, 12p and 6q were previously identified as the targets of recurring deletions, the target genes being identified for two of them (9p and 12p). The three new regions defined by this allelotype may contain tumor-suppressor genes implicated in the initiation or progression of childhood B-ALLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Chambon-Pautas
- INSERM U409, Association Claude Bernard, Faculté de Médecine Bichat, Paris, France
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24
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Richard MA, Grob JJ, Zarrour H, Bassères N, Bizzari JP, Gérard B, Bonerandi JJ. Combined treatment with dacarbazine, cisplatin, fotemustine and tamoxifen in metastatic malignant melanoma. Melanoma Res 1998; 8:170-4. [PMID: 9610872 DOI: 10.1097/00008390-199804000-00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The combination of dacarbazine (DTIC), cisplatin (DDP), carmustine and tamoxifen (TAM) has been reported to yield a high rate of response in patients with metastatic melanoma, but responders often experience intracranial recurrences. As fotemustine (FOT) has demonstrated activity on cerebral metastases, the rationale of this study was to replace carmustine by FOT in this four-drug regimen. Twenty patients with metastatic melanoma received FOT (100 mg/m2) on days 1 and 8, DTIC (220 mg/m2 per day) and DDP (25 mg/m2 per day) from day 1 to day 3 and from day 28 to day 30, and continuous daily treatment with TAM (20 mg/day). If stabilization or response was observed at the end of the 8th week, patients received maintenance courses of FOT on day 1, and DTIC (220 mg/m2 per day) and DDP (25 mg/m2 per day) on days 1 to 3. Nineteen patients were evaluable. Of these, six had brain metastases. The overall response rate was 10.5% (two out of 19); both of the responders had only partial responses. The best responding site was lung. No response was obtained in the four patients with evaluable brain metastases, but no patient had therapy failure due to new brain metastases. The median overall survival was 5 months (range 1-45 months). Toxicity was mainly haematological. The use of this combination is not recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Richard
- Department of Dermatology, Saint Marguerite's Hospital, Marseille, France
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25
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Gérard B, Le Heuzey MF, Brunie G, Lewine P, Saiag MC, Cacheux V, Da Silva F, Dugas M, Mouren-Simeoni MC, Elion J, Grandchamp B. Systematic screening for fragile X syndrome in a cohort of 574 mentally retarded children. Ann Genet 1997; 40:139-44. [PMID: 9401101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated the prevalence of the fragile X syndrome in a cohort of 574 mentally retarded children. The only inclusion criterion was the diagnosis of mental retardation according to the DSM-IIIR classification. We used a PCR-based strategy for the diagnosis of fragile X syndrome to facilitate systematic screening. This diagnostic scheme is based on an initial PCR to eliminate most fragile X-negative patients followed by Southern blotting for fragile X syndrome diagnosis. Altogether, 403 boys and 171 girls were tested. The prevalence of this genetic disorder was 1.9% (11/574) in the whole cohort and 2.5% (10/403) in boys. Only one case of fragile X syndrome was detected among the 171 girls tested (0.6%). Clinical examination, especially in the youngest children, was often unremarkable, and the only reason for suspecting fragile X syndrome was the presence of mental retardation. Thus, a systematic screening for the fragile X syndrome in mentally retarded children seems justified because of the importance of a precise diagnosis in genetic counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Gérard
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Génétique, Hôpital Robert Debré, Paris, France
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26
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Romana SP, Gérard B. [Indications of chromosome and DNA analysis for the diagnosis of genetic diseases]. Rev Prat 1997; 47:1241-52. [PMID: 9238821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S P Romana
- Service de biologie du développement (Pr C Nessmann), hôpital Robert-Debré, Paris
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27
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Gérard B, Cavé H, Guidal C, Dastugue N, Vilmer E, Grandchamp B. Delineation of a 6 cM commonly deleted region in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia on the 6q chromosomal arm. Leukemia 1997; 11:228-32. [PMID: 9009085 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2400566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Deletion of the long arm of human chromosome 6 in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) has been shown by cytogenetic studies in 4-11% of cases. To characterize further the region of deletion and to precisely establish its frequency, we studied loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in 120 children with ALL using polymorphic markers located from the 6q14-15 chromosomal band to the telomere. LOH was detected in eight patients. A single region of LOH, flanked distally by D6S1594 and proximally by D6S301 was detected. These DNA markers are separated by 6 cM and are approximately located at the 6q21-22 band. Our present results delineate a region that is likely to contain a tumor-suppressor gene involved in a subset of childhood ALLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Gérard
- INSERM U409, Faculté de Médecine X Bichat, Paris, France
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28
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Abstract
Regulation of iron absorption occurs mainly at the level of duodenal enterocytes. Several proteins including ferritin, the iron-storing molecule, have been implicated in the uptake, cellular processing, and transfer of iron by the mucosal cells. H and L ferritin subunits assemble in various proportions to form a 24-subunit protein shell which can store up to 4500 iron atoms. Although tissue-specific distribution of H and L ferritin mRNAs has been widely described, little is known of ferritin gene expression in duodenal cells. In this study, we performed quantitative measurements of H and L ferritin mRNAs levels in mouse duodenum, ileum, and liver by ribonuclease protection assay. In addition, we assessed the relative subcellular distribution of these two mRNAs in mouse duodenal and ileal sections by in situ hybridization. The results show that in duodenal cells, the level of H ferritin mRNA is higher than the L ferritin level (H/L ratio of about 5). Moreover, expression of the H mRNA is regulated along both axes of the small intestine: the level increases sharply from the crypt to the apex of the villus, thus following the general differentiation pathway of these cells, and decreases from the proximal to the distal small intestine. In contrast, the L ferritin mRNA level does not change along the cryptovillus axis and increases in value in the ileum. These results suggest that expression of the H ferritin gene is dependent on the differentiation of the enterocytes but, as yet, the regulatory elements remain to be identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Gérard
- INSERM U409, Institut Fédératif de Recherches Cellules Epithéliales,Faculté Xavier Bichat, Paris, France
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29
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Gérard B, Peponnet C, Brunie G, Cavé H, Denamur E, d'Auriol L, Monplaisir N, Simon F, Elion J, Grandchamp B. Fluorometric detection of HIV-1 genome through use of an internal control, inosine-substituted primers, and microtiter plate format. Clin Chem 1996. [DOI: 10.1093/clinchem/42.5.696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
We describe a PCR-based fluorometric assay for the detection of the HIV-1 genome. This technique consists of a reverse hybridization with oligonucleotide probes covalently coated onto a microtiter plate as a solid support. Several improvements to the PCR amplification and detection steps gave greater sensitivity and specificity for HIV-1 screening and resulted in a convenient and rapid technique. False-positive results were avoided by using uracyl DNA glycosylase. False-negative results from the presence of PCR inhibitors were detected by coamplifying an internal control with the viral sequence. False-negative results from viral genome variability were limited by using two pairs of primers and by incorporating inosine at the primer positions corresponding to viral polymorphic nucleotides. Furthermore, the hybridization buffer and enzymatic reaction were optimized to increase the assay's sensitivity. The sensitivity and specificity of the fluorometric detection were similar to those of radioisotopic oligonucleotide solution hybridization; however, hands-on time was reduced, and the use of radioactivity was eliminated. We have used this technique routinely on 115 samples and obtained 100% specificity and high sensitivity (only one false-negative result) according to viral culture and (or) serological status of the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Gérard
- Service de Biochimie Génétique, Hôpital Robert Debré, Paris, France
| | - C Peponnet
- Service de Biochimie Génétique, Hôpital Robert Debré, Paris, France
| | - G Brunie
- Service de Biochimie Génétique, Hôpital Robert Debré, Paris, France
| | - H Cavé
- Service de Biochimie Génétique, Hôpital Robert Debré, Paris, France
| | - E Denamur
- Service de Biochimie Génétique, Hôpital Robert Debré, Paris, France
| | - L d'Auriol
- Service de Biochimie Génétique, Hôpital Robert Debré, Paris, France
| | - N Monplaisir
- Service de Biochimie Génétique, Hôpital Robert Debré, Paris, France
| | - F Simon
- Service de Biochimie Génétique, Hôpital Robert Debré, Paris, France
| | - J Elion
- Service de Biochimie Génétique, Hôpital Robert Debré, Paris, France
| | - B Grandchamp
- Service de Biochimie Génétique, Hôpital Robert Debré, Paris, France
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30
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Gérard B, Peponnet C, Brunie G, Cavé H, Denamur E, d'Auriol L, Monplaisir N, Simon F, Elion J, Grandchamp B. Fluorometric detection of HIV-1 genome through use of an internal control, inosine-substituted primers, and microtiter plate format. Clin Chem 1996; 42:696-703. [PMID: 8653894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
We describe a PCR-based fluorometric assay for the detection of the HIV-1 genome. This technique consists of a reverse hybridization with oligonucleotide probes covalently coated onto a microtiter plate as a solid support. Several improvements to the PCR amplification and detection steps gave greater sensitivity and specificity for HIV-1 screening and resulted in a convenient and rapid technique. False-positive results were avoided by using uracyl DNA glycosylase. False-negative results from the presence of PCR inhibitors were detected by coamplifying an internal control with the viral sequence. False-negative results from viral genome variability were limited by using two pairs of primers and by incorporating inosine at the primer positions corresponding to viral polymorphic nucleotides. Furthermore, the hybridization buffer and enzymatic reaction were optimized to increase the assay's sensitivity. The sensitivity and specificity of the fluorometric detection were similar to those of radioisotopic oligonucleotide solution hybridization; however, hands-on time was reduced, and the use of radioactivity was eliminated. We have used this technique routinely on 115 samples and obtained 100% specificity and high sensitivity (only one false-negative result) according to viral culture and (or) serological status of the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Gérard
- Service de Biochimie Génétique, Hôpital Robert Debré, Paris, France
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31
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Guidal-Giroux C, Gérard B, Cavé H, Duval M, Rohrlich P, Elion J, Vilmer E, Grandchamp B. Deletion mapping indicates that MTS1 is the target of frequent deletions at chromosome 9p21 in paediatric acute lymphoblastic leukaemias. Br J Haematol 1996; 92:410-9. [PMID: 8603008 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2141.1996.d01-1497.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Recent reports have indicated a high frequency of deletions of MTS1 (CDKN2, p16ink4, CDKI4) in acute lymphoblastic leukaemias (ALLs). This gene is located at chromosome 9p21 and encodes an inhibitor of cyclin D-dependent kinases. In contrast with the observations in some other malignancies, no inactivation of MTS1 by intragenic mutation was demonstrated in leukaemias. A contribution of MTS1 alterations to leukaemogenesis therefore remains questionable. In order to test for the implication of MTS1 as a tumour suppressor gene in paediatric ALLs we have explored the 9p21 chromosomal region of 46 children with this disease. The copy number of the MTS1 gene in blasts from the patients was determined using a quantitative PCR assay enabling us to precisely detect mono- and bi-allelic deletions. Rearrangements of the gene were sought by Southern blot analysis. The extent of the deletions was studied using microsatellite markers spanning the 9p21 chromosomal region. Point mutations were sought in exon 1 and exon 2 of the MTS1 gene in patients with a mono-allelic deletion in addition, exon 2 of MTS1, which contains two-thirds of the coding region, was sequenced in all patients who had no deletion of the gene. Altogether, our data are consistent with the view that MTS1 is the target of 9p21 deletions. Either one or two alleles of the gene were deleted in 36% of non-selected children with B-lineage ALL and both alleles were deleted in all seven patients we studied with T-lineage ALL. The absence of any point mutation implies that the major mechanism of inactivation of MTS1 in ALLs is deletional.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Guidal-Giroux
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Génétique, Faculté de Médecine Xavier Bichat, Paris, France
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32
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Cavé H, Gérard B, Martin E, Guidal C, Devaux I, Weissenbach J, Elion J, Vilmer E, Grandchamp B. Loss of heterozygosity in the chromosomal region 12p12-13 is very common in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia and permits the precise localization of a tumor-suppressor gene distinct from p27KIP1. Blood 1995; 86:3869-75. [PMID: 7579355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormalities of the short arm of chromosome 12 are relatively common in hematologic malignancies and deletions of the region. 12p12-13 are found in approximately 5% of the patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). As a potent inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases, p27KIP1 prevents the progression of the cell cycle and the gene encoding p27KIP1 represents a potential tumor-suppressor gene. Its recent assignment to the chromosomal region (12p12.3) prompted us to study the p27KIP1 gene in a series of 61 children with ALL. Microsatellite polymorphic markers flanking the p27KIP1 gene were analyzed to detect losses of heterozygosity (LOH). Eleven patients displayed LOH for at least one of the markers. The deleted are encompassed the p27KIP1 gene locus in 10 cases, but inactivation of the remaining allele by deletion, translocation, or mutation was never observed. In addition, in 1 patient, the p27KIP1 gene was situated outside of the region of LOH. Thus, p27KIP1 does not seem to be the target gene of 12p12-13 alterations. However, this study indicates that 12p12-13 alterations at the molecular level, which are present in about 27% of the children with B-lineage ALL, are much more common than had previously been reported by usual chromosome analysis. Moreover, LOH mapping allowed us to better define the location of a putative tumor-suppressor gene implicated in these malignancies and should therefore help in identifying this gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Cavé
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Génétique, Hôpital Robert Debré, Paris, France
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33
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Kleeberg UR, Engel E, Israels P, Bröcker EB, Tilgen W, Kennes C, Gérard B, Lejeune F, Glabbeke MV, Lentz MA. Palliative therapy of melanoma patients with fotemustine. Inverse relationship between tumour load and treatment effectiveness. A multicentre phase II trial of the EORTC-Melanoma Cooperative Group (MCG). Melanoma Res 1995; 5:195-200. [PMID: 7543785 DOI: 10.1097/00008390-199506000-00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Fotemustine (FM) is a new chloronitrosurea (CNU), chemically characterized by the graft of an aminophosphonic acid on the CNU radical, which makes it highly lipophilic. Following single-institution phase I and II studies with remarkably high response rates of some 40%, including brain metastases of 25% and more, the EORTC-MCG started a multicentre phase II trial to confirm these results according to EORTC guidelines. Treatment consisted of an induction cycle of FM (100 mg/m2 on days 1 + 8 + 15), followed by maintenance courses (q3w). Fifty-four patients were entered by 11 institutions. General interest in this promising new agent, however, led clinicians of six additional institutions to join the EORTC trial and 90 more patients were included in only 4 months. This rapidly rising accrual rate became inversely related to the physicians' adherence to the eligibility criteria: palliation of symptoms rather than clinical research was the dominant reason to start treatment. Clinical characteristics and results in the eligible vs non-eligible patient group (in parentheses) were as follows: male/female 29/26 (68/65), mean age 54 years (53), ECOG-PS 0-1 (0-4), CR 2 (0), PR 10 (2), NC 17 (5) and for brain metastases: PR 4 (1), NC 2 (1), for an ORR of 12% (5%). Median duration of response was 6 months (range 4-16). The clinically relevant toxicity was limited to the haematopoiesis with delayed platelet nadirs (30% grade III+IV), granulocyte (25% grade III + IV) and the gastrointestinal tract: nausea and vomiting (26% grade II, 18% III, 1% IV). This study confirms that FM is active in melanoma including brain metastases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- U R Kleeberg
- Hämatologisch-Onkologische Praxis Altona, Hamburg, Germany
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Rustin P, Chretien D, Bourgeron T, Gérard B, Rötig A, Saudubray JM, Munnich A. Biochemical and molecular investigations in respiratory chain deficiencies. Clin Chim Acta 1994; 228:35-51. [PMID: 7955428 DOI: 10.1016/0009-8981(94)90055-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 975] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes our present strategy for the investigation of respiratory chain disorders in humans. Because very few of the underlying mutations causing mitochondrial disorders in humans are currently known, biochemical studies constitute a major tool in screening procedures for respiratory chain deficiencies. All biochemical and molecular methods described are scaled-down methods, allowing investigation in both adults and young children. Polarographic studies and/or spectrophotometric studies on whole cells (circulating lymphocytes), isolated mitochondria (skeletal muscle) and tissue homogenates are presented. Advantages and limitations of each approach, as well as useful parameters for the characterization of defects and comparison between various tissues are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Rustin
- Unité de Recherches sur les Handicaps Génétiques de l'Enfant, INSERM U393, Hôpital des Enfants-Malades, Paris, France
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Edery P, Gérard B, Chretien D, Rötig A, Cerrone R, Rabier D, Rambaud C, Fabre M, Saudubray JM, Munnich A. Liver cytochrome c oxidase deficiency in a case of neonatal-onset hepatic failure. Eur J Pediatr 1994; 153:190-4. [PMID: 8181505 DOI: 10.1007/bf01958984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
In the last few years, inborn errors of oxidative phosphorylation have been recognized as possible causes of hepatic failure in infancy and respiratory enzyme deficiencies have been described in several tissues of affected individuals. Here, we report on cytochrome c oxidase deficiency in the liver but not in the skeletal muscle of a 5-month-old girl who presented hepatic failure in early infancy. Persistent hyperlactatemia (> 4 mM, normal < 2.4) with high lactate/pyruvate (L/P) molar ratios in plasma, and their further elevation in the post-absorptive period were suggestive of an inborn error of oxidative phosphorylation. However, no mutation in the coding sequences of the liver-specific subunits of cytochrome c oxidase (VIa and VIIa) has been detected and no major rearrangement or depletion of the mitochondrial DNA has been observed. Based on this observation we suggest that inborn errors of oxidative phosphorylation be considered in the diagnosis of severe hepatocellular dysfunction of unknown origin, especially when an abnormal oxidation-reduction status is found in the plasma and even if normal respiratory enzyme activities are found in peripheral tissues. The findings of normal respiratory enzyme activities in skeletal muscle, circulating lymphocytes or cultured skin fibroblasts does not rule out this diagnosis. Instead, the negativity of these tests should prompt one to carry out the specific enzyme assays in the tissue which expresses the disease, namely the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Edery
- Département de Pédiatrie, Hôpital des Enfants-Malades, Paris, France
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Gérard B, Bourgeron T, Chretien D, Rötig A, Munnich A, Rustin P. Uridine preserves the expression of respiratory enzyme deficiencies in cultured fibroblasts. Eur J Pediatr 1993; 152:270. [PMID: 8383055 DOI: 10.1007/bf01956163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Gérard B, Muller-Serieys C, Aubier M, Bergogne-Bérézin E, Riou JY. [Mixed pneumopathies caused by Neisseria meningitidis associated with other bacteria]. Presse Med 1992; 21:2151. [PMID: 1297133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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Trentesaux C, Gérard B, Mayeux P, Jeannesson P, Jacquot R, Jardillier JC. Differentiating activity of adriamycin in human erythroleukemic cells: effect on globin and heme synthesis. Biochim Biophys Acta 1989; 1012:161-5. [PMID: 2742880 DOI: 10.1016/0167-4889(89)90090-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The human leukemic cell line K 562 can be induced to differentiate along the erythroid lineage by various chemical compounds and particularly by the anthracyclic antitumor drug, adriamycin (ADR). In this study, we show that, in the presence of a subtoxic concentration of ADR (30 nM), the appearance of hemoglobin-producing K 562 cells is associated with a specific increase in globin mRNA accumulation corresponding to epsilon-, zeta-, gamma-, alpha-globin chains. At the translational level, bulk protein synthesis is strongly decreased following ADR treatment, whereas globin chain synthesis is specifically enhanced. Globin chains represent about 20% of total proteins in ADR-treated cells, versus about 3.5% in controls on day 3. Similarly, on day 3, heme synthesis (55Fe incorporation) is about 10-times higher in ADR-treated cells than in control cells (20,888 dpm/10(5) cells versus 1693 dpm/10(5) cells) which confirms the increase in heme content (420 pM/10(6) treated cells versus 100 pM/10(6) control cells). In the presence of succinylacetone, a heme synthesis inhibitor which prevented the differentiating effects of ADR, the globin mRNA accumulation was not affected. This suggests that heme did not play a regulatory role in globin mRNA transcription, a result at variance with observations published by others. Such results strongly support the notion that in addition to cytostatic properties, ADR stimulates specifically globin and heme synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Trentesaux
- GIBSA, Laboratoires de Biochimie, Faculté de Pharmacie et Reims, France
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Jeannesson P, Gérard B, Jardillier JC, Bernard J. Phenotypic instability of tumor cell clones: clonal expression of Fc receptors in the human leukemic K562 cell line and its relationship with hemoglobin expression. Int J Cell Cloning 1988; 6:341-51. [PMID: 3183432 DOI: 10.1002/stem.5530060505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Membrane expression of Fc receptors (FcR) was studied in clones of human K562 cells during short- and long-term culture. Using a manual cloning method, well-defined clones were generated either from FcR-positive or FcR-negative cells. The fourth day after cloning, the majority of cloned cells manifested shifts in FcR expression without evidence of an orderly pattern. After long-term culture (about 34 passages), most clones expressed FcR values close to those found in the cell line. In addition, the selection of six clones expressing a stable FcR phenotype suggested that the presence of FcR is correlated to a low hemoglobinization of the multipotential K562 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Jeannesson
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Laboratoire de Biochimie, Reims, France
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Dodion PF, Abrams J, Gérard B, Crespeigne N, Peeters B, Van Berchem C, Kenis Y. Clinical and pharmacokinetic phase I trial with the diethylaminoester of flavone acetic acid (LM985, NSC 293015). Eur J Cancer Clin Oncol 1987; 23:837-42. [PMID: 3653200 DOI: 10.1016/0277-5379(87)90288-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The diethylaminoester of flavone acetic acid (LM985) is a new anticancer agent with curative effects against slow growing murine tumors. Thirty-one adult patients with solid tumors received a total of 57 courses of LM985 given on days 1 and 8 every 4 weeks. The drug was given as a short infusion (1-2 hr) at doses ranging from 120 to 1900 mg/sq.m/day. The dose-limiting toxicity consisted of acute expressive aphasia; this neurotoxicity usually appeared at the end of the infusion and resolved spontaneously within a few minutes to 1 hr after the end of the infusion. In some patients, neurotoxicity was avoided by reducing the infusion rate. Neurotoxicity was observed in 5 out of 6 patients receiving 960 mg/sq.m over 1 hr and in 3 out of 3 patients receiving 1900 mg/sq.m over 2 hr. The drug did not induce any significant myelosuppression. Other side-effects were very mild and consisted mainly of occasional nausea and/or vomiting at all dose levels. One patient with breast cancer resistant to several hormonal and chemotherapy regimens had stable disease for 6 months. LM985 was detected in plasma in very small concentrations (0-2.5 micrograms/ml) but there was extensive formation of flavone acetic acid (peak concentration ranging between 8.3 and 64 micrograms/ml). A dose of 1500 mg/sq.m on days 1 and 8 every 4 weeks could be recommended for phase II studies with LM985; however, since LM985 is a prodrug of flavone acetic acid, phase II studies with LM985 should not be activated prior to the completion of the ongoing phase I trials with flavone acetic acid, which may be devoid of the acute toxicity of LM985.
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Affiliation(s)
- P F Dodion
- Service de Médecine Interne, Institut Jules Bordet, Centre des Tumeurs de l'Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
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