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Duong A, Moshkelgosha S, Ramendra R, Liu M, Hinz B, Keshavjee S, Juvet S, Martinu T. Isolation and Characterization of Osteopontin-Expressing Pulmonary Macrophages Associated with Chronic Lung Allograft Dysfunction in Humans. J Heart Lung Transplant 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2023.02.1476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
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2
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Geelhoed WJ, van der Bogt KEA, Rothuizen TC, Damanik FFR, Hamming JF, Mota CD, van Agen MS, de Boer HC, Restrepo MT, Hinz B, Kislaya A, Poelma C, van Zonneveld AJ, Rabelink TJ, Moroni L, Rotmans JI. A novel method for engineering autologous non-thrombogenic in situ tissue-engineered blood vessels for arteriovenous grafting. Biomaterials 2019; 229:119577. [PMID: 31704466 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The durability of prosthetic arteriovenous (AV) grafts for hemodialysis access is low, predominantly due to stenotic lesions in the venous outflow tract and infectious complications. Tissue engineered blood vessels (TEBVs) might offer a tailor-made autologous alternative for prosthetic grafts. We have designed a method in which TEBVs are grown in vivo, by utilizing the foreign body response to subcutaneously implanted polymeric rods in goats, resulting in the formation of an autologous fibrocellular tissue capsule (TC). One month after implantation, the polymeric rod is extracted, whereupon TCs (length 6 cm, diameter 6.8 mm) were grafted as arteriovenous conduit between the carotid artery and jugular vein of the same goats. At time of grafting, the TCs were shown to have sufficient mechanical strength in terms of bursting pressure (2382 ± 129 mmHg), and suture retention strength (SRS: 1.97 ± 0.49 N). The AV grafts were harvested at 1 or 2 months after grafting. In an ex vivo whole blood perfusion system, the lumen of the vascular grafts was shown to be less thrombogenic compared to the initial TCs and ePTFE grafts. At 8 weeks after grafting, the entire graft was covered with an endothelial layer and abundant elastin expression was present throughout the graft. Patency at 1 and 2 months was comparable with ePTFE AV-grafts. In conclusion, we demonstrate the remodeling capacity of cellularized in vivo engineered TEBVs, and their potential as autologous alternative for prosthetic vascular grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- W J Geelhoed
- Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Einthoven Laboratory of Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, the Netherlands
| | - K E A van der Bogt
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands
| | - T C Rothuizen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands
| | - F F R Damanik
- MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - J F Hamming
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands
| | - C D Mota
- MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - M S van Agen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Einthoven Laboratory of Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, the Netherlands
| | - H C de Boer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Einthoven Laboratory of Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, the Netherlands
| | - M Tobón Restrepo
- Division of Diagnostic Imaging, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - B Hinz
- Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - A Kislaya
- Laboratory for Aero and Hydrodynamics, Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - C Poelma
- Laboratory for Aero and Hydrodynamics, Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - A J van Zonneveld
- Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Einthoven Laboratory of Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, the Netherlands
| | - T J Rabelink
- Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands
| | - L Moroni
- MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - J I Rotmans
- Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands.
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Bongrazio M, Silva-Azevedo LDA, Bergmann E, Baum O, Hinz B, Pries A, Zakrzewicz A. Shear Stress Modulates the Expression of Thrombospondin-1 and CD36 in Endothelial Cells in vitro and during Shear Stress-Induced Angiogenesis in vivo. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/205873920601900104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Binding of thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) to the CD36 receptor inhibits angiogenesis and induces apoptosis in endothelial cells (EC). Conversely, matrix-bound TSP-1 supports vessel formation. In this study we analyzed the shear stress-dependent expression of TSP-1 and CD36 in endothelial cells in vitro and in vivo to reveal its putative role in the blood flow-induced remodelling of vascular networks. Shear stress was applied to EC using a cone-and-plate apparatus and gene expression was analyzed by RT-PCR, Northern and Western blot. Angiogenesis in skeletal muscles of prazosin-fed (50 mg/1 drinking water; 4 d) mice was assessed by measuring capillary-to-fiber (C/F) ratios. Protein expression in whole muscle homogenates (WMH) or BS-1 lectin-enriched EC fractions (ECF) was analyzed by Western blot. Shear stress down-regulated TSP-1 and CD36 expression in vitro in a force- and time-dependent manner sustained for at least 72 h and reversible by restoration of no-flow conditions. In vivo, shear stress-driven increase of C/F in prazosin-fed mice was associated with reduced expression of TSP-1 and CD36 in ECF, while TSP-1 expression in WMH was increased. Down-regulation of endothelial TSP-1/CD36 by shear stress suggests a mechanism for inhibition of apoptosis in perfused vessels and pruning in the absence of flow. The increase of extra-endothelial (e.g. matrix-bound) TSP-1 could support a splitting type of vessel growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Bongrazio
- Department of Physiology, Charité Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - E.C. Bergmann
- Department of Physiology, Charité Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - O. Baum
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - B. Hinz
- Department of Physiology, Charité Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - A.R. Pries
- Department of Physiology, Charité Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - A. Zakrzewicz
- Department of Physiology, Charité Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
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Abstract
The importance of proper skin wound healing becomes evident when our body's repair mechanisms fail, leading to either non-healing (chronic) wounds or excessive repair (fibrosis). Chronic wounds are a tremendous burden for patients and global healthcare systems and are on the rise due to their increasing incidence with age and diabetes. Curiously, these same risk factors also sign responsible for the development of hypertrophic scarring and organ fibrosis. Activated repair cells - myofibroblasts - are the main producers and organizers of extracellular matrix which is needed to restore tissue integrity after injury. Too many myofibroblasts working for too long cause tissue contractures that ultimately obstruct organ function. Insufficient myofibroblast activation and activities, in turn, prevents normal wound healing. This short review puts a spotlight on the myofibroblast for those who seek therapeutic targets in the context of dysregulated tissue repair. "Keep your myofibroblasts in balance" is the message.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Hinz
- Laboratory of tissue repair and regeneration, Matrix dynamics group, faculty of dentistry, university of Toronto, 150, College Street, FitzGerald building, room 234, M5S 3E2 Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Müller A, Li Y, Hinz B, Freed D. MICRO-RNA MECHANISMS OF PRIMARY HUMAN BONE MARROW-DERIVED MESENCHYMAL PROGENITOR CELL DIFFERENTIATION ARE INFLUENCED BY VARYING ENVIRONMENTAL SURFACE TENSIONS. Can J Cardiol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2014.07.334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Hinz B. Erworbene und angeborene Sakkadenstörungen – ein Überblick mit Fallbeispielen. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd 2010. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1270012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Obarzanek-Fojt M, Favre B, Huber M, Ryser S, Moodycliffe A, Wipff PJ, Hinz B, Hohl D. Induction of p38, tumour necrosis factor-α and RANTES by mechanical stretching of keratinocytes expressing mutant keratin 10R156H. Br J Dermatol 2010; 164:125-34. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2010.10013.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Rüther KW, Hinz B, Schwarz E. Operative Behandlung des Retraktionssyndroms nach Stilling-Türk-Duane. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd 2009. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1243692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Majd H, Pietramaggiori G, Pittet-Cuenod B, Quinn T, Hinz B. Culture on highly expandable and compliant surfaces accelerates the expansion of non-fibrogenic fibroblasts for cell therapy. Burns 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2009.06.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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10
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Pietramaggiori G, Vigato E, Modarressi A, Scherer S, Maister J, Hinz B, Pittet B. Mechanical versus pharmacological modulation of myofibroblast function: A new perspective to improve wound healing. Burns 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2009.06.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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11
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Vigato E, Pietramaggiori G, Scherer S, Modarressi A, Hinz B, Pittet B. The crosstalk of quiescent platelets and fibroblast triggers angiogenesis and wound repair. Burns 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2009.06.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Abstract
The enzyme cyclooxygenase (COX) was shown to exist as two distinct isoforms about a decade ago. COX-1 is constitutively expressed as a 'housekeeping' enzyme in nearly all tissues, and mediates physiological responses (e.g. cytoprotection of the stomach, and platelet aggregation). On the other hand, COX-2, expressed by cells involved in inflammation (e.g. macrophages, monocytes, synoviocytes), has emerged as the isoform that is primarily responsible for the synthesis of prostanoids involved in acute and chronic inflammatory states. Consequently, the hypothesis that selective inhibition of COX-2 might have therapeutic actions similar to those of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, but without causing gastrointestinal side effects, was the rationale for the development of selective inhibitors of the COX-2 isoenzyme. Selective COX-2 inhibitors currently used in the clinic are the sulphonamides celecoxib and valdecoxib (parecoxib is a prodrug of valdecoxib), as well as the methylsulphones rofecoxib and etoricoxib. Furthermore, the phenylacetic acid derivative lumiracoxib has gained permission recently to be marketed in Europe. This review discusses the clinically relevant similarities and differences of these substances, with particular emphasis on their diverse pharmacokinetic characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Brune
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich Alexander University, Erlangen, Germany.
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Hinz B, Renner B, Cheremina O, Besz D, Zolk O, Brune K. Lumiracoxib inhibits cyclo-oxygenase 2 completely at the 50 mg dose: is liver toxicity avoidable by adequate dosing? Ann Rheum Dis 2009; 68:289-91. [PMID: 19139209 DOI: 10.1136/ard.2008.092536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Rüther K, Hinz B, Zappe H, Schwarz E. Operative Behandlung des Strabismus sursoadductorius und der N. trochlearis-Parese. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd 2008. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1110067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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15
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Mecha Disassa N, Styp-Rekowska B, Hinz B, Da Silva-Azevedo L, Pries AR, Zakrzewicz A. Differential expression of VEGFA, TIE2, and ANG2 but not ADAMTS1 in rat mesenteric microvascular arteries and veins. Physiol Res 2008; 58:193-202. [PMID: 18380533 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.931410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Microvessels respond to metabolic stimuli (e.g. pO(2)) and hemodynamic forces (e.g. shear stress and wall stress) with structural adaptations including angiogenesis, remodeling and pruning. These responses could be mediated by differential gene expression in endothelial and smooth muscle cells. Therefore, rat mesenteric arteries and veins were excised by microsurgery, and mRNA expression of four angioadaptation-related genes was quantified by real time duplex RT-PCR in equal amounts of total RNA, correlated to two different house keeping genes (beta-actin, GAPDH). The results show higher expression of VEGFA, TIE2, and ANG2 in arteries than in veins, but equal expression of ADAMTS1. Higher availability of VEGFA mRNA in endothelial cells of arteries shown here could contribute to the maintenance of mechanically stressed blood vessels and counteract pressure-induced vasoconstriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Mecha Disassa
- Charité Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Department of Physiology, Berlin, Germany
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Brune K, Hinz B, Zeilhofer H. Rationale Verwendung nicht-steroidaler antiphlogistischer Analgetika (inklusive selektiver COX-2-Hemmer) in der Praxis. AKTUEL RHEUMATOL 2008. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1043556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Ramer R, Eichele K, Hinz B. Upregulation of tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 confers the anti-invasive action of cisplatin on human cancer cells. Oncogene 2007; 26:5822-7. [PMID: 17369856 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1210358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cell invasion is one of the crucial events in local spreading, growth and metastasis of tumors. The present study investigates the mechanism underlying the anti-invasive action of the chemotherapeutic cisplatin. In human cervical carcinoma cells (HeLa), cisplatin caused a time- and concentration-dependent suppression of cell invasion through Matrigel. Inhibition of invasion was accompanied by upregulation of tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1), whereas levels of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), MMP-9 and TIMP-2 remained unchanged. Cisplatin's effects on TIMP-1 expression and invasion were associated with phosphorylations of p38 and p42/44 mitogen-activated protein kinases and were abrogated by specific inhibitors of both pathways. The impact of TIMP-1 in the anti-invasive action of cisplatin was proven by transfecting cells with small interfering RNA targeting TIMP-1, which completely reversed suppression of invasion by cisplatin. A functional relevance of TIMP-1 upregulation was substantiated by findings showing a concentration-dependent inhibition of Matrigel invasion by recombinant TIMP-1. The essential role of TIMP-1 in the anti-invasive action of cisplatin was confirmed using another human cervical carcinoma cell line (C33A) and human lung carcinoma cells (A549). Altogether, our data demonstrate a hitherto unknown mechanism by which cisplatin exerts its antimetastatic properties on highly invasive cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ramer
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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Abstract
Antipyretic analgesics are a group of heterogeneous substances including acidic (nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, NSAIDs) and nonacidic (paracetamol, pyrazolinones) drugs. Moreover, various selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors with improved gastrointestinal tolerability as compared with conventional NSAIDs have been established for symptomatic pain treatment in recent years. The present review summarizes the pharmacology of all of these drugs with particular emphasis on their rational use based on the diverse pharmacokinetic characteristics and adverse drug reaction profiles. Referring to the current debate, potential mechanisms underlying cardiovascular side effects associated with long-term use of COX inhibitors are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Hinz
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Fahrstrasse 17, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
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Werner U, Lamprecht C, Werner D, Schaefer S, Wuttke H, Hinz B, Fromm MF, Brune K. Valdecoxib does not interfere with the CYP2D6 substrate metoprolol. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther 2007; 44:397-400. [PMID: 16995327 DOI: 10.5414/cpp44397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We reported recently that celecoxib inhibits the metabolism of the cytochrome P450 (CYP)2D6 substrate metoprolol in volunteers. Valdecoxib, the active metabolite of parecoxib, has also been claimed to interfere with the metabolism of CYP2D6 substrates. However, little support for this contention is available despite the intensive use of parecoxib in the perioperative setting. Therefore, the objective of this study was to examine the effect of valdecoxib on the pharmacokinetics of the clinically relevant CYP2D6 substrate metoprolol. METHODS An open, randomized, 3-period crossover study was performed in 15 healthy male volunteers. Metoprolol (50 mg) was given in all 3 periods without, or following a 7-day pre-treatment with valdecoxib (20 mg, o.d.) or rofecoxib (25 mg, o.d.), to achieve steady state conditions of COX-2 inhibitors in Periods 2 and 3. In a small group of extensive metabolizers (EM/EM), short-term application of twice the dose was investigated. RESULTS No effect of valdecoxib (20 mg/d) or rofecoxib (25 mg/d) were detected on the area under the plasma concentration-time curve of metoprolol (323 +/- 333 to 324 +/- 296 or 309 +/- 256 microg x h/l) or at a higher dose. No significant changes of pharmacokinetic or pharmacodynamic parameters of metoprolol were apparent. CONCLUSION We conclude that, at therapeutic doses, valdecoxib and rofecoxib do not influence the CYP2D6 substrate metoprolol.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Werner
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Friedrich Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany.
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21
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Abstract
The pharmacotherapy of musculoskeletal pain remains of high importance in Western countries. The present review concentrates on the use of acidic (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) and nonacidic (paracetamol, selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors) antipyretic analgesics in the therapy of musculoskeletal pain disorders with particular emphasis on the diverse pharmacokinetic properties and unwanted side effects of these substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Hinz
- Institut für Experimentelle und Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Fahrstrasse 17, 91054, Erlangen, Deutschland.
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Schwarz EC, Hinz B, Waffenschmidt E. Rehabilitation von Patienten mit komplizierten Bewegungsstörungen der Augen. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd 2007. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-1004483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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23
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Hinz B. Ocular tilt reaction. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd 2007. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-1004486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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24
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Bongrazio M, Da Silva-Azevedo L, Bergmann EC, Baum O, Hinz B, Pries AR, Zakrzewicz A. Shear stress modulates the expression of thrombospondin-1 and CD36 in endothelial cells in vitro and during shear stress-induced angiogenesis in vivo. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2006; 19:35-48. [PMID: 16569344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Binding of thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) to the CD36 receptor inhibits angiogenesis and induces apoptosis in endothelial cells (EC). Conversely, matrix-bound TSP-1 supports vessel formation. In this study we analyzed the shear stress-dependent expression of TSP-1 and CD36 in endothelial cells in vitro and in vivo to reveal its putative role in the blood flow-induced remodelling of vascular networks. Shear stress was applied to EC using a cone-and-plate apparatus and gene expression was analyzed by RT-PCR, Northern and Western blot. Angiogenesis in skeletal muscles of prazosin-fed (50 mg/l drinking water; 4 d) mice was assessed by measuring capillary-to-fiber (C/F) ratios. Protein expression in whole muscle homogenates (WMH) or BS-1 lectin-enriched EC fractions (ECF) was analyzed by Western blot. Shear stress downregulated TSP-1 and CD36 expression in vitro in a force- and time-dependent manner sustained for at least 72 h and reversible by restoration of no-flow conditions. In vivo, shear stress-driven increase of C/F in prazosin-fed mice was associated with reduced expression of TSP-1 and CD36 in ECF, while TSP-1 expression in WMH was increased. Down-regulation of endothelial TSP-1/CD36 by shear stress suggests a mechanism for inhibition of apoptosis in perfused vessels and pruning in the absence of flow. The increase of extra-endothelial (e.g. matrix-bound) TSP-1 could support a splitting type of vessel growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bongrazio
- Department of Physiology, Charité Campus Benjamin Franklin--Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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Wipff PJ, Braunecker J, Meister JJ, Hinz B. Mechanical Stress Induces TGFβ1 Activation in Myofibroblast Culture. Wound Repair Regen 2005. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1067-1927.2005.130117ac.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Clément S, Hinz B, Dugina V, Gabbiani G, Chaponnier C. The N-Terminal Ac-EEED Sequence Plays a Role in α-Smooth Muscle Actin Incorporation into Stress Fibers. Wound Repair Regen 2005. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1067-1927.2005.130117e.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Ng CP, Hinz B, Swartz M. Contribution of Interstitial Fluid Flow to Fibroblast Alignment and Differentiation. Wound Repair Regen 2005. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1067-1927.2005.130117x.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Pittet P, Meister JJ, Hinz B. About the Level of Stress Between Myofibroblasts. Wound Repair Regen 2005. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1067-1927.2005.130117u.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Goffin J, Csucs G, Lussi J, Meister JJ, Hinz B. Masters and Servants of the Force: Focal Adhesion Size Controls Recruitment of α-Smooth Muscle Actin to Stress Fibers. Wound Repair Regen 2005. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1067-1927.2005.130117m.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Hinz B, Pittet P, Smith-Clerc J, Chaponnier C, Meister JJ. Myofibroblast development is characterized by specific cell-cell adherens junctions. Mol Biol Cell 2004; 15:4310-20. [PMID: 15240821 PMCID: PMC515361 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e04-05-0386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Myofibroblasts of wound granulation tissue, in contrast to dermal fibroblasts, join stress fibers at sites of cadherin-type intercellular adherens junctions (AJs). However, the function of myofibroblast AJs, their molecular composition, and the mechanisms of their formation are largely unknown. We demonstrate that fibroblasts change cadherin expression from N-cadherin in early wounds to OB-cadherin in contractile wounds, populated with alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA)-positive myofibroblasts. A similar shift occurs during myofibroblast differentiation in culture and seems to be responsible for the homotypic segregation of alpha-SMA-positive and -negative fibroblasts in suspension. AJs of plated myofibroblasts are reinforced by alpha-SMA-mediated contractile activity, resulting in high mechanical resistance as demonstrated by subjecting cell pairs to hydrodynamic forces in a flow chamber. A peptide that inhibits alpha-SMA-mediated contractile force causes the reorganization of large stripe-like AJs to belt-like contacts as shown for enhanced green fluorescent protein-alpha-catenin-transfected cells and is associated with a reduced mechanical resistance. Anti-OB-cadherin but not anti-N-cadherin peptides reduce the contraction of myofibroblast-populated collagen gels, suggesting that AJs are instrumental for myofibroblast contractile activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Hinz
- Laboratory of Cell Biophysics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Ballestrem C, Hinz B, Imhof BA, Wehrle-Haller B. Marching at the front and dragging behind: differential alphaVbeta3-integrin turnover regulates focal adhesion behavior. J Cell Biol 2001; 155:1319-32. [PMID: 11756480 PMCID: PMC2199321 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.200107107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 281] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Integrins are cell-substrate adhesion molecules that provide the essential link between the actin cytoskeleton and the extracellular matrix during cell migration. We have analyzed alphaVbeta3-integrin dynamics in migrating cells using a green fluorescent protein-tagged beta3-integrin chain. At the cell front, adhesion sites containing alphaVbeta3-integrin remain stationary, whereas at the rear of the cell they slide inward. The integrin fluorescence intensity within these different focal adhesions, and hence the relative integrin density, is directly related to their mobility. Integrin density is as much as threefold higher in sliding compared with stationary focal adhesions. High intracellular tension under the control of RhoA induced the formation of high-density contacts. Low-density adhesion sites were induced by Rac1 and low intracellular tension. Photobleaching experiments demonstrated a slow turnover of beta3-integrins in low-density contacts, which may account for their stationary nature. In contrast, the fast beta3-integrin turnover observed in high-density contacts suggests that their apparent sliding may be caused by a polarized renewal of focal contacts. Therefore, differential acto-myosin-dependent integrin turnover and focal adhesion densities may explain the mechanical and behavioral differences between cell adhesion sites formed at the front, and those that move in the retracting rear of migrating cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Ballestrem
- Department of Pathology, Centre Médical Universitaire, Geneva, Switzerland
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Blüthner R, Seidel H, Hinz B. Examination of the myoelectric activity of back muscles during random vibration--methodical approach and first results. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 2001; 16 Suppl 1:S25-30. [PMID: 11275340 DOI: 10.1016/s0268-0033(00)00098-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To elaborate methods for an elimination of artefacts and the analysis of the relationship between random whole-body vibration and electromyographic responses of back muscles. DESIGN A procedure involving wavelets and digital filtering has been used for the removal of artefacts from the electromyogram during whole-body vibration. BACKGROUND Back muscle forces contribute essentially to the whole-body vibration-induced spinal load. The electromyogram can help to estimate these forces during whole-body vibration. METHODS 38 subjects were exposed to identical random low-frequency whole-body vibration. Artefacts caused by the electrocardiogram in the electromyogram were identified by appropriate wavelets and eliminated in the time-domain. After averaging the individual high-pass filtered and rectified undistorted electromyograms across subjects, the transfer function from seat acceleration to the average electromyogram was determined and used for the prediction of the electromyogram. RESULTS A sufficient procedure involving wavelets and digital filtering has been elaborated for the removal of artefacts from the electromyogram of back muscles during whole-body vibration. A systematic relationship between random vibration and back muscle-response was obtained and described. The transfer function suggests two different reflex-mechanisms - one elicited below, the other above 4 Hz. CONCLUSIONS The approach of analysing and predicting the muscle-response to random vibration by using the transfer function seems to be promising and could be a valuable tool for the future calculation of muscle forces as an input to active models. RELEVANCE The knowledge of the extent and timing of the back muscle-response to random whole-body vibration is relevant for an improved evaluation of whole-body vibration with respect to health.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Blüthner
- Department of Occupational Health, Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Group AM 4.3, Biological Effects of Vibration and Noise Nöldnerstr. 40-42 D-10317, Berlin, Germany
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To predict forces acting on the spine during whole-body vibration for a variety of boundary conditions - body mass, height and posture.Design. Representative anthropometric data and models for an upright, relaxed and bent forward sitting posture were used to derive model families with 30 variants of a finite-element model. BACKGROUND A given exposure to whole-body vibration can cause a variable health risk depending on the concomitant conditions. The latter could contribute to the considerable uncertainty of the current evaluation of whole-body vibration. METHODS Plane symmetric linear finite-element models were used for the prediction of static and dynamic compression and shear forces acting on the lumbar discs during whole-body vibration. Transfer functions from seat acceleration to forces were determined. RESULTS A bent forward posture augments essentially the compressive and shear stress, predicted for erect and relaxed sitting postures. The normal variation of body mass and height causes a considerable variation of static internal shear stress, but a minor variation of compressive pressure. The dynamic internal stress varies nearly proportionally to the body mass. The transfer functions from seat acceleration to compressive force depend significantly on the posture. CONCLUSIONS The variability of the spinal loads for a given whole-body vibration and associated with a normal range of several biological factors suggests a ratio between the minimum and maximum internal loads of about 1:2. RELEVANCE Finite-element models can be used to compare the health risk arising from different whole-body vibration exposures and individual conditions. These results help to prevent work-related disorders of the lumbar spine.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Seidel
- Department for Occupational Health, Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (FIOSH), Group Biological Effects of Vibration and Noise, Nöldnerstrasse 40-42, D-10317, Berlin, German.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The seat-to-head transfer function of the human body reflects the biodynamic response. Based on measured data, biodynamic models have been proposed to reflect this response. They must satisfy usually the international published mean values of the seat-to-head transfer function. The question arises to what extent mean values reflect individual pattern of biodynamics. METHODS An experimental study was performed with 39 male subjects sitting on a hard seat without back rest and with supported feet. They were exposed to random whole-body vibration at three intensities with a relaxed and an erect posture. The accelerations in the z-direction were measured at the seat and head. The seat-to-head transfer functions with the associated coherence functions were calculated. RESULTS The biodynamic response characterised by the maximum of the seat-to-head transmissibility and the frequency of its occurrence is influenced by the posture of the subjects in a dominant way and shows an individual variability of considerable extent. The mean responses suggest a missing effect of vibration intensity, but individually different effects of the intensity were found. Repeated measurements confirmed this result. CONCLUSIONS The application of a model validated by the comparison with mean values of the transmissibility could cause misleading conclusions, if it is used for the prediction of individual spinal loads. Models prepared for the calculation of individual loads should be validated by a mean individual transmissibility derived from repeated measurements. RELEVANCE The results illustrate the loss of information by averaging individual transfer functions and the consequence of a limited validity and applicability in occupational health, ergonomics, and design.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Hinz
- Department of Occupational Health, Group Biological Effects of Vibration and Noise, Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Nöldnerstr. 40-42, D-10317, Berlin, Germany
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To provide a database of intradiscal pressure measurements together with anthropometric data as basis for the validation of models that predict spinal loads. DESIGN Intradiscal pressure was measured in a non-degenerated L4-5 disc of a volunteer. The anthropometric characteristics of this subject were extensively determined. BACKGROUND Since it is usually impossible to quantify the load in the spine directly, it is predicted by various biomechanical models. However, they often cannot be validated because of the few in vivo data and missing anthropometric characteristics pertaining to them. METHODS A pressure transducer (diameter 1.5 mm) was implanted in the nucleus pulposus of a non-degenerated L4-5 disc of a volunteer. Pressure was determined during exercises while standing, lifting activities, sitting unsupported on a stool or an ergonomic sitting ball, sitting in different postures and others. The anthropometric characteristics were determined using different tools. RESULTS Pressure values: relaxed standing 0.5 MPa; standing flexed forward 1.1 MPa; standing extended backward 0.6 MPa; sitting unsupported 0.46 MPa; maximum values during lateral bending 0.6 MPa, during axial rotation 0.7 MPa, lifting a 20 kg weight with a round flexed back 2.3 MPa, with flexed knees 1.7 MPa, close to the body 1.1 MPa; sitting unsupported relaxed 0.45 MPa, actively straightening the back 0.55 MPa, with flexion 0.9 MPa; non-chalant sitting 0.3 MPa and others. Anthropometric characteristics with emphasis on data for the trunk are provided in tables.Conclusions. Intradiscal pressure depends on the kind of preceding activity, posture, external loads and muscle activity. RELEVANCE The data set can be used to verify a biomechanical model adjusted to the individual characteristics by a comparison of measured and predicted intradiscal pressures.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Wilke
- Institute for Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, University of Ulm, Helmholtzstrasse 14, 89081, Ulm, Germany.
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Hinz B, Becher A, Mitter D, Schulze K, Heinemann U, Draguhn A, Ahnert-Hilger G. Activity-dependent changes of the presynaptic synaptophysin-synaptobrevin complex in adult rat brain. Eur J Cell Biol 2001; 80:615-9. [PMID: 11713865 DOI: 10.1078/0171-9335-00196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The vesicular protein synaptobrevin contributes to two mutually exclusive complexes in mature synapses. Synaptobrevin tightly interacts with the plasma membrane proteins syntaxin and SNAP 25 forming the SNARE complex as a prerequisite for exocytotic membrane fusion. Alternatively, synaptobrevin binds to the vesicular protein synaptophysin. It is unclear whether SNARE complex formation is diminished or facilitated when synaptobrevin is bound to synaptophysin. Here we show that the synaptophysin-synaptobrevin complex is increased in adult rat brain after repeated synaptic hyperactivity in the kindling model of epilepsy. Two days after the last kindling-induced stage V seizure the relative amount of synaptophysin-synaptobrevin complex obtained by co-immunoprecipitation from cortical and hippocampal membranes was increased twofold compared to controls. By contrast the relative amounts of various synaptic proteins as well as that of the SNARE complex did not change in membrane preparations from kindled rats compared to controls. The increased amount of synaptophysin-synaptobrevin complex in kindled rats supports the idea that this complex represents a reserve pool for synaptobrevin enabling synaptic vesicles to adjust to an increased demand for synaptic efficiency. We conclude that the synaptophysin-synaptobrevin interaction is involved in activity-dependent plastic changes in adult rat brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Hinz
- Institut für Anatomie, NWFZ, Humboldt-Universität Berlin, Germany
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Ramer R, Brune K, Pahl A, Hinz B. R(+)-methanandamide induces cyclooxygenase-2 expression in human neuroglioma cells via a non-cannabinoid receptor-mediated mechanism. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2001; 286:1144-52. [PMID: 11527419 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2001.5518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cannabinoids affect prostaglandin (PG) formation in the central nervous system through as yet unidentified mechanisms. Using H4 human neuroglioma cells, the present study investigates the effect of R(+)-methanandamide (metabolically stable analogue of the endocannabinoid anandamide) on the expression of the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) enzyme. Incubation of cells with R(+)-methanandamide was accompanied by concentration-dependent increases in COX-2 mRNA, COX-2 protein, and COX-2-dependent PGE(2) synthesis. Moreover, treatment of cells with R(+)-methanandamide in the presence of interleukin-1beta led to an overadditive induction of COX-2 expression. The stimulatory effect of R(+)-methanandamide on COX-2 expression was mimicked by the structurally unrelated cannabinoid Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol. Stimulation of both COX-2 mRNA expression and subsequent PGE(2) synthesis by R(+)-methanandamide was not affected by the selective CB(1) receptor antagonist AM-251 or the G(i/o) protein inactivator pertussis toxin. Enhancement of COX-2 expression by R(+)-methanandamide was paralleled by time-dependent phosphorylations of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and p42/44 MAPK. Consistent with the activation of both kinases, R(+)-methanandamide-induced COX-2 mRNA expression and PGE(2) formation were abrogated in the presence of specific inhibitors of p38 MAPK (SB203580) and p42/44 MAPK activation (PD98059). Together, our results demonstrate that R(+)-methanandamide induces COX-2 expression in human neuroglioma cells via a cannabinoid receptor-independent mechanism involving activation of the MAPK pathway. In conclusion, induction of COX-2 expression may represent a novel mechanism by which cannabinoids mediate PG-dependent effects within the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ramer
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Fahrstrasse 17, Erlangen, D-91054, Germany
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Hinz B, Mastrangelo D, Iselin CE, Chaponnier C, Gabbiani G. Mechanical tension controls granulation tissue contractile activity and myofibroblast differentiation. Am J Pathol 2001; 159:1009-20. [PMID: 11549593 PMCID: PMC1850455 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9440(10)61776-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 437] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
We have examined the role of mechanical tension in myofibroblast differentiation using two in vivo rat models. In the first model, granulation tissue was subjected to an increase in mechanical tension by splinting a full-thickness wound with a plastic frame. Myofibroblast features, such as stress fiber formation, expression of ED-A fibronectin and alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) appeared earlier in splinted than in unsplinted wounds. Myofibroblast marker expression decreased in control wounds starting at 10 days after wounding as expected, but persisted in splinted wounds. In the second model, granuloma pouches were induced by subcutaneous croton oil injection; pouches were either left intact or released from tension by evacuation of the exudate at 14 days. The expression of myofibroblast markers was reduced after tension release in the following sequence: F-actin (2 days), alpha-SMA (3 days), and ED-A fibronectin (5 days); cell density was not affected. In both models, isometric contraction of tissue strips was measured after stimulation with smooth muscle agonists. Contractility correlated always with the level of alpha-SMA expression, being high when granulation tissue had been subjected to tension and low when it had been relaxed. Our results support the assumption that mechanical tension is crucial for myofibroblast modulation and for the maintenance of their contractile activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Hinz
- Department of Pathology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Abstract
To evaluate whether alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) plays a role in fibroblast contractility, we first compared the contractile activity of rat subcutaneous fibroblasts (SCFs), expressing low levels of alpha-SMA, with that of lung fibroblasts (LFs), expressing high levels of alpha-SMA, with the use of silicone substrates of different stiffness degrees. On medium stiffness substrates the percentage of cells producing wrinkles was similar to that of alpha-SMA-positive cells in each fibroblast population. On high stiffness substrates, wrinkle production was limited to a subpopulation of LFs very positive for alpha-SMA. In a second approach, we measured the isotonic contraction of SCF- and LF-populated attached collagen lattices. SCFs exhibited 41% diameter reduction compared with 63% by LFs. TGFbeta1 increased alpha-SMA expression and lattice contraction by SCFs to the levels of LFs; TGFbeta-antagonizing agents reduced alpha-SMA expression and lattice contraction by LFs to the level of SCFs. Finally, 3T3 fibroblasts transiently or permanently transfected with alpha-SMA cDNA exhibited a significantly higher lattice contraction compared with wild-type 3T3 fibroblasts or to fibroblasts transfected with alpha-cardiac and beta- or gamma-cytoplasmic actin. This took place in the absence of any change in smooth muscle or nonmuscle myosin heavy-chain expression. Our results indicate that an increased alpha-SMA expression is sufficient to enhance fibroblast contractile activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Hinz
- Department of Pathology, CMU, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
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Pleyer U, Groth D, Hinz B, Keil O, Bertelmann E, Rieck P, Reszka R. Efficiency and toxicity of liposome-mediated gene transfer to corneal endothelial cells. Exp Eye Res 2001; 73:1-7. [PMID: 11428857 DOI: 10.1006/exer.2001.1005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Gene transfer to corneal endothelial cells could be an important advance to modulate functions of these critical cells and is a field of current investigations. The development of gene transfer methods is a prerequisite for gene therapy to realize its full potential. We attempted to investigate and optimize the efficacy and safety of cationic liposome mediated gene transfer into corneal endothelial cells using different lipid formulations. Mono- and polycationic lipids and the neutral helper lipid dioleolphosphotidyl-ethanolamine (DOPE) were used for preparation of cationic liposomes. Six liposomal formulations containing DAC/DOPE 30/70 (DAC 30), DOSGA/DOPE 30/70 (DOSGA 30), DOSGA 100, DMRIE/DOPE 50/50 (DMRIE 50) and SP/DOPE 20/80 (SP 20) were complexed with the pUT 651-plasmid, encoding the E. coli beta-galactosidase gene. Subconfluent primary and passaged bovine corneal endothelial cells (BCEC) were transfected with different amounts of liposomes and DNA or uncomplexed free DNA as control. Quantitative expression of beta-galactosidase was measured using a colorimetric assay. In order to assess the effects on cell viability and growth, a modified acidic phosphatase assay was employed. Differences were detected using these various liposome preparations. Transfection experiments demonstrated the highest gene expression using SP 20> DMRIE 50 ranging at approximately 3 mU per beta-gal per well. Low expression of beta-galactosidase was achieved using DAC 30, DOSGA 30 and DOSGA 100. No beta-galactosidase expression was found in control dishes. There was no difference seen following transfection of primary or subsequent passages of BCEC. As indicated by the acid phosphatase assay, no significant toxicity was detected for the most efficient lipids used. Of the preparations studied, SP 20 appeared as the optimal vehicle for plasmid-mediated transfection of BCEC. The ability to deliver genes to BCEC via liposomes could be valuable, since the use of other vectors for transfection may be limited by undesired effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Pleyer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Charité, Campus Virchow, Humboldt University, Augustenburger Platz 1, D-13353 Berlin, Germany.
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Abstract
PURPOSE Using RAW 264.7 macrophages, the present study investigates the influence of optically pure enantiomers of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug flurbiprofen on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression. METHODS iNOS and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) mRNA levels were measured by quantitative real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Concentrations of nitrite (index of cellular NO production) and prostaglandin E2 (index of COX-2 activity) in cell culture supernatants were determined by Griess assay and enzyme immunoassay, respectively. RESULTS R(-)- and S(+)-flurbiprofen decreased LPS-induced iNOS mRNA and nitrite levels in an equipotent and concentration-dependent manner. Suppression of iNOS mRNA expression by R(-)- and S(+)-flurbiprofen was gene-specific in that both substances failed to inhibit LPS-induced COX-2 mRNA expression. By contrast, flurbiprofen enantiomers suppressed LPS-induced prostaglandin E2 formation enantioselectively with S(+)-flurbiprofen being considerably more potent than its R(-)-antipode. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that R(-)- and S(+)-flurbiprofen, albeit differing in their potency as inhibitors of COX-2 activity, equipotently suppress iNOS expression. Because sustained high NO levels are associated with pain and tissue injury under various pathological conditions, a suppression of the inducible NO pathway may contribute to the pharmacological action of both R(-)- and S(+)-flurbiprofen.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Hinz
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany.
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Abstract
PURPOSE Membrane-stabilizing effects may be part of glucocorticoid action during high-dose glucocorticoid therapy. The present study investigates the mode of action of dexamethasone megadoses on rat liver lysosomal membranes. METHODS Following intravenous administration of dexamethasone in rats, the release of beta-glucuronidase from liver lysosomes was assessed ex vivo as a marker for lysosomal membrane integrity. RESULTS Dexamethasone megadoses significantly inhibited beta-glucuronidase release 10 min post-administration by 38% (3 mg/kg dexamethasone) and 33% (10 mg/kg dexamethasone) at corresponding dexamethasone liver concentrations of 3.9 x 10(-5) mol/kg and 15.1 x 10(-5) mol/kg, respectively. Comparable inhibition of beta-glucuronidase release (34% for 3 mg/kg and 38% for 10 mg/kg) was observed 24 h after administration of dexamethasone, although dexamethasone liver concentrations had already declined to 0.09 x 10(-5) mol/kg and 0.19 x 10(-5) mol/kg, respectively. A 2-h oral pretreatment of rats with the glucocorticoid receptor antagonist RU 486 (10 mg/kg) did not alter immediate (10 min) stabilization by dexamethasone (3 mg/kg). but almost completely prevented lysosomal membrane protection 24 h after dexamethasone injection. CONCLUSIONS Dexamethasone megadoses may preserve lysosomal membrane integrity by a dual action involving both rapid nongenomic effects occurring instantaneously after administration and long-term receptor-dependent genomic events.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Hinz
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany.
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Hinz B, Brune K, Pahl A. Cyclooxygenase-2 expression in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated human monocytes is modulated by cyclic AMP, prostaglandin E(2), and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2000; 278:790-6. [PMID: 11095985 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2000.3885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Using human blood monocytes (for determination of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) mRNA by RT-PCR) and human whole blood (for prostanoid determination), the present study investigates the influence of the second messenger cAMP on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced COX-2 expression with particular emphasis on the role of prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) in this process. Elevation of intracellular cAMP with a cell-permeable cAMP analogue (dibutyryl cAMP), an adenylyl cyclase activator (cholera toxin), or a phosphodiesterase inhibitor (3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine) substantially enhanced LPS-induced PGE(2) formation and COX-2 mRNA expression, but did not modify COX-2 enzyme activity. Moreover, up-regulation of LPS-induced COX-2 expression was caused by PGE(2), butaprost (selective agonist of the adenylyl cyclase-coupled EP(2) receptor) and 11-deoxy PGE(1) (EP(2)/EP(4) agonist), whereas sulprostone (EP(3)/EP(1) agonist) left COX-2 expression unaltered. Abrogation of LPS-induced PGE(2) synthesis with the selective COX-2 inhibitor NS-398 caused a decrease in COX-2 mRNA levels that was restored by exogenous PGE(2) and mimicked by S(+)-flurbiprofen and ketoprofen. Overall, these results indicate a modulatory role of cAMP in the regulation of COX-2 expression. PGE(2), a cAMP-elevating final product of the COX-2 pathway, may autoregulate COX-2 expression in human monocytes via a positive feedback mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Hinz
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Fahrstrasse 17, Erlangen, D-91054, Germany.
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Abstract
The therapeutic and unwanted side effects of non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are attributable to inhibition of the cyclooxygenase (COX) enzyme which catalyzes the first step of the synthesis of prostanoids. In the early 1990s, COX was demonstrated to exist as two distinct isoforms. COX-1 is constitutively expressed as a 'housekeeping' enzyme in most tissues. In contrast, COX-2 can be upregulated by various proinflammatory agents, including endotoxin, cytokines and growth factors. Whereas many of the side effects of NSAIDs (e.g. gastrointestinal ulceration and bleeding, platelet dysfunctions) are due to a suppression of COX-1 activity, inhibition of COX-2-derived prostanoids facilitates the anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic effects of NSAIDs. Thus, the hypothesis that specific inhibition of COX-2 might have therapeutic actions similar to those of NSAIDs, but without causing the unwanted side effects, was the rationale for the development of specific inhibitors of the COX-2 enzyme as a new class of anti-inflammatory and analgesic agents with improved gastrointestinal tolerability. However, the simple concept that COX-2 is an exclusively proinflammatory and inducible enzyme cannot be supported any longer. Recently, COX-2 was shown to be also expressed under basal conditions in organs such as the ovary, uterus, brain, spinal cord, kidney and bone, suggesting that this isoenzyme may play a more complex physiological role than was expected. The present review assesses concept and molecular mechanism underlying specific COX-2 inhibition as well as indications, pharmakokinetics and unwanted side effects of the recently approved specific COX-2 inhibitors celecoxib and rofecoxib. Moreover, recent advances in COX-2 research, with particular emphasis on new insights into physiological functions of this isoenzyme will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Hinz
- Institut für Experimentelle und Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Fahrstrasse 17, 91054 Erlangen.
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Abstract
During the past few years specific inhibitors of the cyclo-oxygenase-2 enzyme have emerged as important pharmacological tools for treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis or osteoarthritis. In comparison to traditional nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, specific cyclo-oxygenase-2 inhibitors may provide equal efficacy in terms of antiinflammatory and analgesic action, with significantly fewer gastrointestinal side effects. Although cyclo-oxygenase-2 was once regarded as a source of pathological prostanoids, recent studies have indicated that this isoenzyme also fulfills a variety of physiological functions within the organism. The present review assesses recent advances in cyclo-oxygenase-2 research, with particular emphasis on new insights into the biology of this isoenzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Hinz
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
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Abstract
PURPOSE The present study investigates fast negative feedback actions of corticosterone (corticosteroid type I/type II receptor agonist) and RU 28362 (corticosteroid type II receptor agonist) on corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF)-induced adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) secretion in rats. METHODS To induce fast feedback, glucocorticoids were administered intravenously immediately before injection of the hypophyseotropic stimulus CRF. Plasma ACTH levels, being determined 5 to 30 min thereafter, were used as markers of fast feedback. RESULTS Fast inhibitory effects on CRF-induced ACTH secretion became evident within 15 min (corticosterone) and 5 min (RU 28362) after steroid administration. Rapid feedback inhibition was also observed in the presence of other corticosteroids (cortisol, dexamethasone, aldosterone), whereas structurally-unrelated steroids (beta-estradiol, progesterone, potassium canrenoate, alphaxalone) were inactive in this respect. Pretreatment of rats with the corticosteroid type II receptor antagonist RU 486 or the transcription inhibitor actinomycin D left fast feedback effects unaltered. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that glucocorticoids exert fast negative feedback at the pituitary level via a mechanism that is independent of corticosteroid type II receptor occupation and de novo synthesis of mRNA. In conclusion, corticosteroid-specific nongenomic effects may underly rapid glucocorticoid responses on CRF-induced ACTH secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Hinz
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany.
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Ballestrem C, Wehrle-Haller B, Hinz B, Imhof BA. Actin-dependent lamellipodia formation and microtubule-dependent tail retraction control-directed cell migration. Mol Biol Cell 2000; 11:2999-3012. [PMID: 10982396 PMCID: PMC14971 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.11.9.2999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Migrating cells are polarized with a protrusive lamella at the cell front followed by the main cell body and a retractable tail at the rear of the cell. The lamella terminates in ruffling lamellipodia that face the direction of migration. Although the role of actin in the formation of lamellipodia is well established, it remains unclear to what degree microtubules contribute to this process. Herein, we have studied the contribution of microtubules to cell motility by time-lapse video microscopy on green flourescence protein-actin- and tubulin-green fluorescence protein-transfected melanoma cells. Treatment of cells with either the microtubule-disrupting agent nocodazole or with the stabilizing agent taxol showed decreased ruffling and lamellipodium formation. However, this was not due to an intrinsic inability to form ruffles and lamellipodia because both were restored by stimulation of cells with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate in a Rac-dependent manner, and by stem cell factor in melanoblasts expressing the receptor tyrosine kinase c-kit. Although ruffling and lamellipodia were formed without microtubules, the microtubular network was needed for advancement of the cell body and the subsequent retraction of the tail. In conclusion, we demonstrate that the formation of lamellipodia can occur via actin polymerization independently of microtubules, but that microtubules are required for cell migration, tail retraction, and modulation of cell adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Ballestrem
- Department of Pathology, Centre Médical Universitaire, Geneva, Switzerland.
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Hinz B, Kraus V, Pahl A, Brune K. Salicylate metabolites inhibit cyclooxygenase-2-dependent prostaglandin E(2) synthesis in murine macrophages. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2000; 274:197-202. [PMID: 10903918 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2000.3123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The poor cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor and major aspirin metabolite salicylic acid is known to exert analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects by still unidentified mechanisms. In RAW 264.7 macrophages, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced COX-2-dependent synthesis of prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) was suppressed by aspirin (IC(50) of 5. 35 microM), whereas no significant inhibition was observed in the presence of sodium salicylate and the salicylate metabolite salicyluric acid at concentrations up to 100 microM. However, the salicylate metabolite gentisic acid (2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid; 10-100 microM) and salicyl-coenzyme A (100 microM), the intermediate product in the formation of salicyluric acid from salicylic acid, significantly suppressed LPS-induced PGE(2) production. In contrast, gamma-resorcylic acid (2,6-dihydroxybenzoic acid) as well as unconjugated coenzyme A failed to affect prostanoid synthesis, implying that the para-substitution of hydroxy groups and the activated coenzyme A thioester are important for COX-2 inhibition. Using real-time RT-PCR, none of the salicylate derivatives tested were found to interfere with COX-2 expression. Overall, our results suggest that certain metabolites of salicylic acid may contribute to the pharmacological action of its parent compound by inhibiting COX-2-dependent PGE(2) formation at sites of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Hinz
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Fahrstrasse 17, Erlangen, D-91054, Germany
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Hinz B, Brune K, Pahl A. Prostaglandin E(2) upregulates cyclooxygenase-2 expression in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2000; 272:744-8. [PMID: 10860826 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2000.2859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) has been implicated in the regulation of inflammatory and immunological events. Using RAW 264.7 macrophages, the present study investigates the influence of PGE(2) on the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Incubation of cells with PGE(2) increased lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced COX-2 mRNA levels in a concentration-dependent manner. Upregulation of COX-2 expression by PGE(2) was completely abolished by the specific adenylyl cyclase inhibitor 2',5'-dideoxyadenosine and mimicked by butaprost, a selective agonist of the adenylyl cyclase-coupled PGE(2) receptor subtype 2 (EP(2)), or 11-deoxy PGE(1), an EP(2)/EP(4) receptor agonist. By contrast, the EP(3)/EP(1) receptor agonists 17-phenyl-omega-trinor PGE(2) and sulprostone left LPS-induced COX-2 expression virtually unaltered. Upregulation of LPS-induced COX-2 expression and subsequent PGE(2) synthesis was also observed in the presence of the cell-permeable cAMP analogue dibutyryl cAMP and the adenylyl cyclase activator cholera toxin. Together, our data demonstrate that PGE(2) potentiates COX-2 mRNA expression via an adenylyl cyclase/cAMP-dependent pathway. In conclusion, upregulation of COX-2 expression via an autocrine feed-forward loop may in part contribute to the well-known capacity of PGE(2)/cAMP to modulate inflammatory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Hinz
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany.
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Abstract
Using cultured murine RAW 264.7 macrophages, the present study investigates the influence of nitric oxide (NO) on the expression of the inducible NO synthase (iNOS) enzyme at the transcriptional level. Incubation of cells with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) led to a marked increase in iNOS mRNA levels. Inhibition of LPS/IFN-gamma-induced NO synthesis with the L-arginine analogue N(G)-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA) was accompanied by a significant up-regulation of iNOS mRNA that was reversed in the presence of the NO donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP). Treatment of cells with SNP alone decreased LPS/IFN-gamma-induced iNOS mRNA levels in a concentration-dependent manner. The inhibitory effect of SNP on iNOS mRNA expression was not prevented by 1H-[1,2, 4]oxadiazole[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ), a selective inhibitor of the soluble guanylyl cyclase. In agreement with this finding, incubation of cells with the membrane-permeable cyclic GMP analogue 8-bromo cyclic GMP left LPS/IFN-gamma-induced iNOS mRNA expression virtually unaltered. Together, our results demonstrate that both iNOS-derived and exogenous NO exert an inhibitory effect on the expression of iNOS by a mechanism independent of the soluble guanylyl cyclase/cyclic GMP pathway. In conclusion, NO may control the extent of iNOS mRNA expression by a negative autoregulatory feedback.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Hinz
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Fahrstrasse 17, Erlangen, D-91054, Germany.
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