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Yim SHL, Li Y, Huang T, Lim JT, Lee HF, Chotirmall SH, Dong GH, Abisheganaden J, Wedzicha JA, Schuster SC, Horton BP, Sung JJY. Global health impacts of ambient fine particulate pollution associated with climate variability. Environ Int 2024; 186:108587. [PMID: 38579450 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Air pollution is a key global environmental problem raising human health concern. It is essential to comprehensively assess the long-term characteristics of air pollution and the resultant health impacts. We first assessed the global trends of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) during 1980-2020 using a monthly global PM2.5 reanalysis dataset, and evaluated their association with three types of climate variability including El Niño-Southern Oscillation, Indian Ocean Dipole and North Atlantic Oscillation. We then estimated PM2.5-attributable premature deaths using integrated exposure-response functions. Results show a significant increasing trend of ambient PM2.5 during 1980-2020 due to increases in anthropogenic emissions. Ambient PM2.5 caused a total of ∼ 135 million premature deaths globally during the four decades. Occurrence of air pollution episodes was strongly associated with climate variability, which were associated with up to 14 % increase in annual global PM2.5-attributable premature deaths.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H L Yim
- Asian School of the Environment, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore; Earth Observatory of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore.
| | - Y Li
- Department of Geography and Resource Management, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - T Huang
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore; Earth Observatory of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - J T Lim
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - H F Lee
- Department of Geography and Resource Management, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - S H Chotirmall
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore; Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
| | - G H Dong
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - J Abisheganaden
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore; Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
| | - J A Wedzicha
- Airways Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - S C Schuster
- Singapore Centre For Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - B P Horton
- Asian School of the Environment, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore; Earth Observatory of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - J J Y Sung
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
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van de Wal RSW, Nicholls RJ, Behar D, McInnes K, Stammer D, Lowe JA, Church JA, DeConto R, Fettweis X, Goelzer H, Haasnoot M, Haigh ID, Hinkel J, Horton BP, James TS, Jenkins A, LeCozannet G, Levermann A, Lipscomb WH, Marzeion B, Pattyn F, Payne AJ, Pfeffer WT, Price SF, Seroussi H, Sun S, Veatch W, White K. A High-End Estimate of Sea Level Rise for Practitioners. Earths Future 2022; 10:e2022EF002751. [PMID: 36590252 PMCID: PMC9787942 DOI: 10.1029/2022ef002751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Sea level rise (SLR) is a long-lasting consequence of climate change because global anthropogenic warming takes centuries to millennia to equilibrate for the deep ocean and ice sheets. SLR projections based on climate models support policy analysis, risk assessment and adaptation planning today, despite their large uncertainties. The central range of the SLR distribution is estimated by process-based models. However, risk-averse practitioners often require information about plausible future conditions that lie in the tails of the SLR distribution, which are poorly defined by existing models. Here, a community effort combining scientists and practitioners builds on a framework of discussing physical evidence to quantify high-end global SLR for practitioners. The approach is complementary to the IPCC AR6 report and provides further physically plausible high-end scenarios. High-end estimates for the different SLR components are developed for two climate scenarios at two timescales. For global warming of +2°C in 2100 (RCP2.6/SSP1-2.6) relative to pre-industrial values our high-end global SLR estimates are up to 0.9 m in 2100 and 2.5 m in 2300. Similarly, for a (RCP8.5/SSP5-8.5), we estimate up to 1.6 m in 2100 and up to 10.4 m in 2300. The large and growing differences between the scenarios beyond 2100 emphasize the long-term benefits of mitigation. However, even a modest 2°C warming may cause multi-meter SLR on centennial time scales with profound consequences for coastal areas. Earlier high-end assessments focused on instability mechanisms in Antarctica, while here we emphasize the importance of the timing of ice shelf collapse around Antarctica. This is highly uncertain due to low understanding of the driving processes. Hence both process understanding and emission scenario control high-end SLR.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. S. W. van de Wal
- Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research UtrechtUtrecht UniversityTA UtrechtThe Netherlands
- Department of Physical GeographyUtrecht UniversityTA UtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - R. J. Nicholls
- Tyndall Centre for Climate Change ResearchUniversity of East AngliaNorwichUK
| | - D. Behar
- San Francisco Public Utilities CommissionSan FranciscoCAUSA
| | - K. McInnes
- Climate Change Research CentreUNSW AustraliaSydneyNSWAustralia
| | - D. Stammer
- Centrum für Erdsystemforschung und NachhaltigkeitUniversität HamburgHamburgGermany
| | - J. A. Lowe
- Met Office Hadley CentreExeterUK
- Priestley CentreUniversity of LeedsLeedsUK
| | - J. A. Church
- Climate Change Research CentreUNSW AustraliaSydneyNSWAustralia
- Australian Centre for Excellence in Antarctic Science (ACEAS)University of TasmaniaHobartTASAustralia
| | - R. DeConto
- Department of GeosciencesUniversity of Massachusetts‐AmherstAmherstMAUSA
| | - X. Fettweis
- Department of GeographySPHERES Research UnitUniversity of LiègeLiègeBelgium
| | - H. Goelzer
- NORCE Norwegian Research CentreBjerknes Centre for Climate ResearchBergenNorway
| | | | - I. D. Haigh
- School of Ocean and Earth ScienceUniversity of SouthamptonNational Oceanography CentreSouthamptonUK
| | - J. Hinkel
- Adaptation and Social LearningGlobal Climate ForumBerlinGermany
| | - B. P. Horton
- Earth Observatory of SingaporeNanyang Technological UniversitySingaporeSingapore
- Asian School of the EnvironmentNanyang Technological UniversitySingaporeSingapore
| | - T. S. James
- Natural Resources CanadaGeological Survey of CanadaSidneyBCCanada
| | - A. Jenkins
- Department of Geography and Environmental SciencesNorthumbria UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - G. LeCozannet
- Coastal Risks and Climate Change UnitRisks and Prevention DivisionBRGMOrléansFrance
| | - A. Levermann
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact ResearchPotsdamGermany
- LDEOColumbia UniversityNew YorkNYUSA
- Physics InstituteUniversity of PotsdamPotsdamGermany
| | - W. H. Lipscomb
- Climate and Global Dynamics LaboratoryNational Center for Atmospheric ResearchBoulderCOUSA
| | - B. Marzeion
- Institute of Geography and MARUM ‐ Center for Marine Environmental SciencesUniversity of BremenBremenGermany
| | - F. Pattyn
- Laboratoire de GlaciologieUniversité libre de BruxellesBrusselsBelgium
| | - A. J. Payne
- School of Geographical SciencesUniversity of BristolBristolUK
| | - W. T. Pfeffer
- INSTAAR and Department of Civil, Environmental, Architectural EngineeringUniversity of ColoradoBoulderCOUSA
| | - S. F. Price
- Theoretical DivisionLos Alamos National LaboratoryLos AlamosNMUSA
| | - H. Seroussi
- Thayer School of EngineeringDartmouth CollegeHanoverNHUSA
| | - S. Sun
- Coastal Risks and Climate Change UnitRisks and Prevention DivisionBRGMOrléansFrance
| | - W. Veatch
- US Army Corps of Engineers, HeadquartersWashingtonDCUSA
| | - K. White
- US Department of DefenseOffice of the Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense (Environment and Energy Resilience)DCWashingtonUSA
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Saintilan N, Khan NS, Ashe E, Kelleway JJ, Rogers K, Woodroffe CD, Horton BP. Thresholds of mangrove survival under rapid sea level rise. Science 2020; 368:1118-1121. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aba2656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. Saintilan
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, NSW, Australia
| | - N. S. Khan
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Swire Institute of Marine Science, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - E. Ashe
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Rutgers University, Piscataway NJ, USA
| | - J. J. Kelleway
- School of Earth, Atmospheric, and Life Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- Geoquest Research Centre, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - K. Rogers
- School of Earth, Atmospheric, and Life Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- Geoquest Research Centre, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - C. D. Woodroffe
- School of Earth, Atmospheric, and Life Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- Geoquest Research Centre, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - B. P. Horton
- Asian School of Environment, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
- Earth Observatory of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
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Dutton A, Carlson AE, Long AJ, Milne GA, Clark PU, DeConto R, Horton BP, Rahmstorf S, Raymo ME. SEA-LEVEL RISE. Sea-level rise due to polar ice-sheet mass loss during past warm periods. Science 2015; 349:aaa4019. [PMID: 26160951 DOI: 10.1126/science.aaa4019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 403] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Interdisciplinary studies of geologic archives have ushered in a new era of deciphering magnitudes, rates, and sources of sea-level rise from polar ice-sheet loss during past warm periods. Accounting for glacial isostatic processes helps to reconcile spatial variability in peak sea level during marine isotope stages 5e and 11, when the global mean reached 6 to 9 meters and 6 to 13 meters higher than present, respectively. Dynamic topography introduces large uncertainties on longer time scales, precluding robust sea-level estimates for intervals such as the Pliocene. Present climate is warming to a level associated with significant polar ice-sheet loss in the past. Here, we outline advances and challenges involved in constraining ice-sheet sensitivity to climate change with use of paleo-sea level records.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Dutton
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Florida,Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
| | - A E Carlson
- College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - A J Long
- Department of Geography, Durham University, Durham, UK
| | - G A Milne
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - P U Clark
- College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - R DeConto
- Department of Geosciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - B P Horton
- Department of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA. Earth Observatory of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798
| | - S Rahmstorf
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Potsdam, Germany
| | - M E Raymo
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, NY 10964, USA
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Hill DF, Griffiths SD, Peltier WR, Horton BP, Törnqvist TE. High-resolution numerical modeling of tides in the western Atlantic, Gulf of Mexico, and Caribbean Sea during the Holocene. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2010jc006896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Vane CH, Harrison I, Kim AW, Moss-Hayes V, Vickers BP, Horton BP. Status of organic pollutants in surface sediments of Barnegat Bay-Little Egg Harbor Estuary, New Jersey, USA. Mar Pollut Bull 2008; 56:1802-1808. [PMID: 18715597 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2008.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2008] [Revised: 07/03/2008] [Accepted: 07/08/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C H Vane
- British Geological Survey, Kingsley Dunham Centre, Keyworth, Nottingham, NG12 5GG, United Kingdom.
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Edwards RJ, Horton BP. Developing detailed records of relative sea-level change using a foraminiferal transfer function: an example from North Norfolk, UK. Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci 2006; 364:973-91. [PMID: 16537151 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2006.1749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
This paper provides a brief overview of the transfer function approach to sea-level reconstruction. Using the example of two overlapping sediment cores from the North Norfolk coast, UK, the advantages and limitations of the transfer function methodology are examined. While the selected cores are taken from different sites, and display contrasting patterns of sedimentation, the foraminiferal transfer function distils comparable records of relative sea-level change from both sequences. These reconstructions are consistent with existing sea-level index points from the region but produce a more detailed record of relative sea-level change. Transfer functions can extract sea-level information from a wider range of sedimentary sub-environments. This increases the amount of data that can be collected from coastal deposits and improves record resolution. The replicability of the transfer function methodology, coupled with the sequential nature of the data it produces, assists in the compilation and analysis of sea-level records from different sites. This technique has the potential to bridge the gap between short-term (instrumental) and long-term (geological or geophysical) records of sea-level change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin J Edwards
- Department of Geography, School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Republic of Ireland.
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Abstract
AbstractFifty-two sea-level index points are described from samples collected within the Land-Ocean Interaction Study area. The vertical relationship between relative sea-level and a reference water level for each index point was estimated using two contrasting methods: a lithological-based approach, which is routinely employed in sea-level studies, and a foraminiferal-based transfer function. Comparison of the two methods reveals that the range of the former is 0.14 ± 0.09 m smaller than the latter because the foraminiferal-based transfer function takes into account differences in tidal ranges between study sites. Furthermore, the reference water-level estimates of transgressive index points using the foraminiferal-based transfer function are on average 0.19 ± 0.12 m higher than those of the lithological-based approach. This may be due to the rapid response time of foraminiferal assemblages relative to lithological indicators or the uneven spatial sampling within the contemporary foraminiferal data set. Whilst these inter-method differences are small in magnitude, they are comparable in size to the scale of changes under investigation by recent high-resolution sea-level studies. In contrast, the reference water levels of both methods are comparable for regressive and basis index points. Index points from clastic sediments were also produced using the foraminiferal-based transfer function. Calcareous foraminifera from intertidal environments can be used to produce indicative meanings and supply material for accelerator mass spectrometry radiocarbon dating. This method expands the range of stratigraphic sequences that can be employed in sea-level reconstruction by redressing the over-reliance on transgressive and regressive contacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. P. Horton
- Environmental Research Centre, Department of Geography, University of Durham
South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - R. J. Edwards
- Faculteit der Aardwetenschappen, Vrije Universiteit
1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - J. M. Lloyd
- Environmental Research Centre, Department of Geography, University of Durham
South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
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Plater AJ, Ridgway J, Rayner B, Shennan I, Horton BP, Haworth EY, Wright MR, Rutherford MM, Wintle AG. Sediment provenance and flux in the Tees Estuary: the record from the Late Devensian to the present. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1144/gsl.sp.2000.166.01.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe influences of sea-level, climate, human activity and coastal morphology on post-glacial sediment flux and deposition in the Tees Estuary were considered in a multidisciplinary investigation of the Late Pleistocene and Holocene sedimentary record. The following tripartite division was identified using a combination of lithostratigraphic and geochemical data: a Late Glacial laminated clay providing evidence of a former proglacial lake and a proxy record of climate change; an early-mid-Holocene intercalated sequence of tidal silts and clays and peats; and a late Holocene succession characterized by increasing evidence of human activity and metal contamination. Sea-level change has been identified as the main control on sedimentationviadecelerating sea-level rise and changing tidal dynamics betweenc.8 and 3 kabp. Climate controlled the sequence of rhythmite thickness in the Late Glacial clays, whilst increased wetness afterc.3 kabpmay have encouraged terrestrial sediment influx. Enhanced sediment supply to the coastal zone can also be attributed to increasing human activity in the catchment from the Bronze Age onward, first as a consequence of clearance, and subsequently as a result of mining and industrial expansion. Fine-grained sediment flux has almost exclusively been from the Tees catchment to the coast, extending offshore during rebound-induced collapse and erosion of the Late Glacial lake basin. The only notable onshore sediment flux has been the deposition of marine sands in the outer estuary betweenc.6.5 and 3.5 kabp.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. J. Plater
- Department of Geography, University of Liverpool P.O. Box 147, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK
| | - J. Ridgway
- Coastal and Engineering Geology Group, British Geological Survey, Kingsley Dunham Centre Keyworth, Nottingham NG12 5GG, UK
| | - B. Rayner
- Department of Geography, University of Liverpool P.O. Box 147, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK
| | - I. Shennan
- Environmental Research Centre, Department of Geography, University of Durham, Science Laboratories South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - B. P. Horton
- Environmental Research Centre, Department of Geography, University of Durham, Science Laboratories South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - E. Y. Haworth
- Institute of Freshwater Ecology, Windermere Laboratory The Ferry House, Far Sawrey, Ambleside, Cumbria LA22 0LP, UK
| | - M. R. Wright
- Environmental Research Centre, Department of Geography, University of Durham, Science Laboratories South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - M. M. Rutherford
- Environmental Research Centre, Department of Geography, University of Durham, Science Laboratories South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - A. G. Wintle
- Luminescence Laboratory, Institute of Geography and Earth Sciences, University of Wales Aberystwyth SY23 3DB, UK
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