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Cohen MCL, Yao Q, de Souza AV, Liu KB, Pessenda LCR. Hurricanes are limiting the mangrove canopy heights in the Gulf of Mexico. Sci Total Environ 2024; 927:172284. [PMID: 38588743 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Mangrove canopy height (MCH) has been described as a leading characteristic of mangrove forests, protecting coastal economic interests from hurricanes. Meanwhile, winter temperature has been considered the main factor controlling the MCH along subtropical coastlines. However, the MCH in Cedar Key, Florida (∼12 m), is significantly higher than in Port Fourchon, Louisiana (∼2.5 m), even though these two subtropical locations have similar winter temperatures. Port Fourchon has been more frequently impacted by hurricanes than Cedar Key, suggesting that hurricanes may have limited the MCH in Port Fourchon rather than simply winter temperatures. This hypothesis was evaluated using novel high-resolution remote sensing techniques that tracked the MCH changes between 2002 and 2023. Results indicate that hurricanes were the limiting factor keeping the mean MCH at Port Fourchon to <1 m (2002-2013), as the absence of hurricane impacts between 2013 and 2018 allowed the mean MCH to increase by 60 cm despite the winter freezes in Jan/2014 and Jan/2018. Hurricanes Zeta (2020) and Ida (2021) caused a decrease in the mean MCH by 20 cm, breaking branches, defoliating the canopy, and toppling trees. The mean MCH (∼1.6 m) attained before Zeta and Ida has not yet been recovered as of August 2023 (∼1.4 m), suggesting a longer-lasting impact (>4 years) of hurricanes on mangroves than winter freezes (<1 year). The high frequency of hurricanes affecting mangroves at Port Fourchon has acted as a periodic "pruning," particularly of the tallest Avicennia trees, inhibiting their natural growth rates even during quiet periods following hurricane events (e.g., 12 cm/yr, 2013-2018). By contrast, the absence of hurricanes in Cedar Key (2000-2020) has allowed the MCH to reach 12 m (44-50 cm/yr), implying that, besides the winter temperature, the frequency and intensity of hurricanes are important factors limiting the MCH on their latitudinal range limits in the Gulf of Mexico.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo C L Cohen
- Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA; Laboratory of Coastal Dynamics, Graduate Program of Geology and Geochemistry, Federal University of Pará, Brazil Federal University of Pará. Rua Augusto Corrêa, 01 - Guamá. CEP, 66075-110, Belém, PA, Brazil.
| | - Qiang Yao
- Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - Adriana V de Souza
- Laboratory of Coastal Dynamics, Graduate Program of Geology and Geochemistry, Federal University of Pará, Brazil Federal University of Pará. Rua Augusto Corrêa, 01 - Guamá. CEP, 66075-110, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Kam-Biu Liu
- Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA; Coastal Studies Institute, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - Luiz C R Pessenda
- University of São Paulo, CENA/(14)C Laboratory, Av. Centenário 303, 13400-000 Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
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2
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Villarreal-Rosas J, Brown CJ, Andradi-Brown DA, Domínguez R, Jacobo P, Martínez A, Mascote C, Najera E, Paiz Y, Vázquez Moran VH, Villarreal J, Adame MF. Integrating socioeconomic and ecological data into restoration practice. Conserv Biol 2024:e14286. [PMID: 38708866 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.14286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Driven by the United Nations Decade on Restoration and international funding initiatives, such as the Mangrove Breakthrough, investment in mangrove restoration is expected to increase. Yet, mangrove restoration efforts frequently fail, usually because of ad hoc site-selection processes that do not consider mangrove ecology and the socioeconomic context. Using decision analysis, we developed an approach that accounts for socioeconomic and ecological data to identify sites with the highest likelihood of mangrove restoration success. We applied our approach in the Biosphere Reserve Marismas Nacionales Nayarit, Mexico, an area that recently received funding for implementing mangrove restoration actions. We identified 468 potential restoration sites, assessed their restorability potential based on socioeconomic and ecological metrics, and ranked sites for implementation with spatial optimization. The metrics we used included favorable conditions for propagules to establish and survive under sea-level rise, provision of ecosystem services, and community dynamics. Sites that were selected based on socioeconomic or ecological metrics alone had lower likelihood of mangrove restoration success than sites that were selected based on integrated socioeconomic and ecological metrics. For example, selecting sites based on only socioeconomic metrics captured 16% of the maximum attainable value of functioning mangroves able to provide propagules to potential restoration sites, whereas selecting sites based on ecological and socioeconomic metrics captured 46% of functioning mangroves. Our approach was developed as part of a collaboration between nongovernmental organizations, local government, and academics under rapid delivery time lines given preexisting mangrove restoration implementation commitments. The systematic decision process we used integrated socioeconomic and ecological considerations even under short delivery deadlines, and our approach can be adapted to help mangrove restoration site-selection decisions elsewhere.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christopher J Brown
- Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia
| | | | | | - Pilar Jacobo
- World Wildlife Fund, México, Mexico City, México
| | | | | | | | - Yves Paiz
- The Nature Conservancy, México, Merida, Mexico
| | | | | | - María F Adame
- Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia
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Hou X, Xie D, Feng L, Shen F, Nienhuis JH. Sustained increase in suspended sediments near global river deltas over the past two decades. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3319. [PMID: 38637515 PMCID: PMC11026514 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47598-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
River sediments play a critical role in sustaining deltaic wetlands. Therefore, concerns are raised about wetlands' fate due to the decline of river sediment supply to many deltas. However, the dynamics and drivers of suspended sediment near deltaic coasts are not comprehensively assessed, and its response to river sediment supply changes remains unclear. Here we examine patterns of coastal suspended sediment concentration (SSC) and river sediment plume area (RPA) for 349 deltas worldwide using satellite images from 2000 to 2020. We find a global increase in SSC and RPA, averaging +0.46% and +0.48% yr-1, respectively, with over 59.0% of deltas exhibiting an increase in both SSC and RPA. SSC and RPA increases are prevalent across all continents, except for Asia. The relationship between river sediment supply and coastal SSCs varies between deltas, with as much as 45.2% of the deltas showing opposing trends between river sediments and coastal SSCs. This is likely because of the impacts of tides, waves, salinity, and delta morphology. Our observed increase in SSCs near river delta paints a rare promising picture for wetland resilience against sea-level rise, yet whether this increase will persist remains uncertain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejiao Hou
- School of Geospatial Engineering and Science, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Physical Geography, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Danghan Xie
- Department of Physical Geography, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Department of Earth and Environment, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lian Feng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Fang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jaap H Nienhuis
- Department of Physical Geography, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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4
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Gijón Mancheño A, Vuik V, van Wesenbeeck BK, Jonkman SN, van Hespen R, Moll JR, Kazi S, Urrutia I, van Ledden M. Integrating mangrove growth and failure in coastal flood protection designs. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7951. [PMID: 38575721 PMCID: PMC10995189 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58705-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Mangrove forests reduce wave attack along tropical and sub-tropical coastlines, decreasing the wave loads acting on coastal protection structures. Mangrove belts seaward of embankments can therefore lower their required height and decrease their slope protection thickness. Wave reduction by mangroves depends on tree frontal surface area and stability against storms, but both aspects are often oversimplified or neglected in coastal protection designs. Here we present a framework to evaluate how mangrove belts influence embankment designs, including mangrove growth over time and failure by overturning and trunk breakage. This methodology is applied to Sonneratia apetala mangroves seaward of embankments in Bangladesh, considering forest widths between 10 and 1000 m (cross-shore). For water depths of 5 m, wave reduction by mangrove forests narrower than 1 km mostly affects the slope protection and the bank erodibility, whereas the required embankment height is less influenced by mangroves. Sonneratia apetala trees experience a relative maximum in wave attenuation capacity at 10 years age, due to their large submerged canopy area. Once trees are more than 20 years old, their canopy is emergent, and most wave attenuation is caused by trunk and roots. Canopy emergence exposes mangroves to wind loads, which are much larger than wave loads, and can cause tree failure during cyclones. These results stress the importance of including tree surface area and stability models when predicting coastal protection by mangroves.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gijón Mancheño
- Delft University of Technology, Stevinweg 1, Delft, 2628 CN, The Netherlands.
| | - V Vuik
- HKV Consultants, P.O. Box 2120, Lelystad, 8203 AC, The Netherlands
| | - B K van Wesenbeeck
- Department of Ecosystems and Sediment Dynamics, Deltares, P.O. Box 177, Delft, 2600 MH, The Netherlands
| | - S N Jonkman
- Delft University of Technology, Stevinweg 1, Delft, 2628 CN, The Netherlands
| | - R van Hespen
- Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems, WNIOZ Yerseke, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research and Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - J R Moll
- Delft University of Technology, Stevinweg 1, Delft, 2628 CN, The Netherlands
| | - S Kazi
- World Bank, 1818 H Street, Washington, DC, 20433, USA
| | - I Urrutia
- World Bank, 1818 H Street, Washington, DC, 20433, USA
| | - M van Ledden
- World Bank, 1818 H Street, Washington, DC, 20433, USA
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Cui L, DeAngelis DL, Berger U, Cao M, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Jiang J. Global potential distribution of mangroves: Taking into account salt marsh interactions along latitudinal gradients. J Environ Manage 2024; 351:119892. [PMID: 38176380 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Mangrove is one of the most productive and sensitive ecosystems in the world. Due to the complexity and specificity of mangrove habitat, the development of mangrove is regulated by several factors. Species distribution models (SDMs) are effective tools to identify the potential habitats for establishing and regenerating the ecosystem. Such models usually include exclusively environmental factors. Nevertheless, recent studies have challenged this notion and highlight the importance of including biotic interactions. Both factors are necessary for a mechanistic understanding of the mangrove distribution in order to promote the protection and restoration of mangroves. Thus, we present a novel approach of combining environmental factors and interactions with salt marsh for projecting mangrove distributions at the global level and within latitudinal zones. To test the salt marsh interaction, we fit the MaxEnt model with two predicting sets: (1) environments only and (2) environments + salt marsh interaction index (SII). We found that both sets of models had good predictive ability, although the SII improved model performance slightly. Potential distribution areas of mangrove decrease with latitudes, and are controlled by biotic and abiotic factors. Temperature, precipitation and wind speed are generally critical at both global scale and ecotones along latitudes. SII is important on global scale, with a contribution of 5.9%, ranking 6th, and is particularly critical in the 10-30°S and 20-30°N zone. Interactions with salt marsh, including facilitation and competition, are shown to affect the distribution of mangroves at the zone of coastal ecotone, especially in the latitudinal range from 10° - 30°. The contribution of SII to mangrove distribution increases with latitudes due to the difference in the adaptive capacity of salt marsh plants and mangroves to environments. Totally, this study identified and quantified the effects of salt marsh on mangrove distribution by establishing the SII. The results not only facilitate to establish a more accurate mangrove distribution map, but also improve the efficiency of mangrove restoration by considering the salt marsh interaction in the mangrove management projects. In addition, the method of incorporating biotic interaction into SDMs through establish the biotic interaction index has contributed to the development of SDMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Cui
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Donald L DeAngelis
- Wetland and Aquatic Research Center, U. S. Geological Survey, Davie, Florida, USA
| | - Uta Berger
- Department of Forest Biometry and Systems Analysis, Institute of Forest Growth and Forest Computer Sciences, Technische Universitaet Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Minmin Cao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yaqi Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | | | - Jiang Jiang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China.
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Chen Y, Kirwan ML. Rapid greening in mangroves. Nat Ecol Evol 2024; 8:186-187. [PMID: 38172285 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-023-02247-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Chen
- Virginia Institute of Marine Science, William & Mary, Gloucester Point, VA, USA.
| | - Matthew L Kirwan
- Virginia Institute of Marine Science, William & Mary, Gloucester Point, VA, USA
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Wernberg T, Thomsen MS, Baum JK, Bishop MJ, Bruno JF, Coleman MA, Filbee-Dexter K, Gagnon K, He Q, Murdiyarso D, Rogers K, Silliman BR, Smale DA, Starko S, Vanderklift MA. Impacts of Climate Change on Marine Foundation Species. Ann Rev Mar Sci 2024; 16:247-282. [PMID: 37683273 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-marine-042023-093037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Marine foundation species are the biotic basis for many of the world's coastal ecosystems, providing structural habitat, food, and protection for myriad plants and animals as well as many ecosystem services. However, climate change poses a significant threat to foundation species and the ecosystems they support. We review the impacts of climate change on common marine foundation species, including corals, kelps, seagrasses, salt marsh plants, mangroves, and bivalves. It is evident that marine foundation species have already been severely impacted by several climate change drivers, often through interactive effects with other human stressors, such as pollution, overfishing, and coastal development. Despite considerable variation in geographical, environmental, and ecological contexts, direct and indirect effects of gradual warming and subsequent heatwaves have emerged as the most pervasive drivers of observed impact and potent threat across all marine foundation species, but effects from sea level rise, ocean acidification, and increased storminess are expected to increase. Documented impacts include changes in the genetic structures, physiology, abundance, and distribution of the foundation species themselves and changes to their interactions with other species, with flow-on effects to associated communities, biodiversity, and ecosystem functioning. We discuss strategies to support marine foundation species into the Anthropocene, in order to increase their resilience and ensure the persistence of the ecosystem services they provide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Wernberg
- Oceans Institute and School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia;
- Flødevigen Research Station, Institute of Marine Research, His, Norway
| | - Mads S Thomsen
- Marine Ecology Research Group, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
- Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Julia K Baum
- Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Melanie J Bishop
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, New South Wales, Australia
| | - John F Bruno
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Melinda A Coleman
- National Marine Science Centre, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Coffs Harbour, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Karen Filbee-Dexter
- Oceans Institute and School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia;
- Flødevigen Research Station, Institute of Marine Research, His, Norway
| | - Karine Gagnon
- Flødevigen Research Station, Institute of Marine Research, His, Norway
| | - Qiang He
- Coastal Ecology Lab, MOE Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Daniel Murdiyarso
- Center for International Forestry Research-World Agroforestry (CIFOR-ICRAF), Bogor, Indonesia
- Department of Geophysics and Meteorology, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Kerrylee Rogers
- School of Earth, Atmospheric, and Life Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Brian R Silliman
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Dan A Smale
- Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | - Samuel Starko
- Oceans Institute and School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia;
| | - Mathew A Vanderklift
- Indian Ocean Marine Research Centre, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
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Li X, Cheng X, Cheng K, Cai Z, Feng S, Zhou J. The influence of tide-brought nutrients on microbial carbon metabolic profiles of mangrove sediments. Sci Total Environ 2024; 906:167732. [PMID: 37827311 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Mangrove ecosystems in the intertidal zone are continually affected by tidal inundation, but the impact of tidal-driven nutrient inputs upon bacterial communities and carbon metabolic features in mangrove surface sediments remains underexplored, and the differences in such impacts across backgrounds are not known. Here, two mangrove habitats with contrasting nutrient backgrounds in Shenzhen Bay and Daya Bay in Shenzhen City, China, respectively, were studied to investigate the effects of varying tidal nutrient inputs (especially dissolved inorganic nitrogen and PO43--P) on bacterial community composition and functioning in sediment via field sampling, 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing, and the quantitative potential of microbial element cycling. Results showed that tidal input increased Shenzhen Bay mangrove's eutrophication level whereas it maintained the Daya Bay mangrove's relatively oligotrophic status. Dissolved inorganic nitrogen and PO43--P levels in Shenzhen Bay were respectively 12.6-39.6 and 7.3-29.1 times higher than those in Daya Bay (p < 0.05). In terms of microbial features, Desulfobacteraceae was the dominant family in Shenzhen Bay, while the Anaerolineaceae family dominated in Daya Bay. Co-occurrence network analysis revealed more interconnected and complex microbial networks in Shenzhen Bay. The quantitative gene-chip analysis uncovered more carbon-related functional genes (including carbon degradation and fixation) enriched in Shenzhen Bay's sediment microbial communities than Daya Bay's. Partial least squares path modeling indicated that tidal behavior directly affected mangrove sediments' physicochemical characteristics, with cascading effects shaping microbial diversity and C-cycling function. Altogether, these findings demonstrate that how tides influence the microbial carbon cycle in mangrove sediments is co-correlated with the concentration of nutrient inputs and background status of sediment. This work offers an insightful lens for better understanding bacterial community structure and carbon metabolic features in mangrove sediments under their tidal influences. It provides a theoretical basis to better evaluate and protect mangroves in the context of global change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyang Li
- Shenzhen Public Platform for Screening and Application of Marine Microbial Resources, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Xueyu Cheng
- Shenzhen Public Platform for Screening and Application of Marine Microbial Resources, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Keke Cheng
- Shenzhen Public Platform for Screening and Application of Marine Microbial Resources, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Zhonghua Cai
- Shenzhen Public Platform for Screening and Application of Marine Microbial Resources, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Shuying Feng
- Medical College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450056, PR China.
| | - Jin Zhou
- Shenzhen Public Platform for Screening and Application of Marine Microbial Resources, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China.
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Reis A, Rovai AS, Lana PDC, Barros F. Mangrove interaction with saltmarsh varies at different life stages. Sci Total Environ 2023; 905:167410. [PMID: 37769724 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Mangroves and saltmarshes are two of the most relevant coastal habitats for humans. These ecosystems offer several services like coastal protection, climate mitigation, and nursery habitats for many artisanal and commercially exploited fish, crabs, and shellfish. They mostly dominate different latitudinal ranges but in several places around the world they co-occur and interact. Here, we summarize the current scientific knowledge on mangrove-saltmarsh ecological interactions and propose a conceptual model. We screened 1410 articles from 1945 to 2022 and selected 29 experiments that assessed mangrove-saltmarsh ecological interactions. Both positive and negative interactions are observed but there is variation along different mangrove life stages. Higher retention and establishment of mangrove propagules are found inside saltmarshes than on bare flats, i.e. facilitation, and these effects are higher at grass than at succulent saltmarsh species. Mangrove seedlings, saplings, or trees mostly compete with saltmarshes, negatively affecting mangrove growth. We propose a model with different outcomes considering the interaction between different mangrove's life stages and saltmarsh forms and discussed these interactions in the light of anthropogenic threats and climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Reis
- Laboratório de Ecologia Bentônica, IBIO & CIEnAM & INCT IN-TREE, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Barão de Geremoabo, s/n, Campus de Ondina, Salvador, Bahia 40170-000, Brazil.
| | - André Scarlate Rovai
- Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, MS 39180, USA
| | - Paulo da Cunha Lana
- Laboratório de Bentos, Centro de Estudos do Mar, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Av. Beira-mar, s/n, Pontal do Paraná, PR 83255-976, Brazil
| | - Francisco Barros
- Laboratório de Ecologia Bentônica, IBIO & CIEnAM & INCT IN-TREE, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Barão de Geremoabo, s/n, Campus de Ondina, Salvador, Bahia 40170-000, Brazil
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10
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Samanta S, Hazra S, French JR, Nicholls RJ, Mondal PP. Exploratory modelling of the impacts of sea-level rise on the Sundarbans mangrove forest, West Bengal, India. Sci Total Environ 2023; 903:166624. [PMID: 37643706 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
In this paper we conduct exploratory simulations of the possible evolution of the Indian Sundarbans mangroves to 2100 under a range of future sea-level rise (SLR) scenarios, considering the effects of both inundation and shoreline erosion. The Sea Level Affecting Marshes Model (SLAMM) is used to simulate habitat transitions due to inundation and these outputs are combined with an empirical model of SLR-driven shoreline erosion. A set of plausible climate-induced SLR scenarios are considered, together with delta subsidence and constrained vertical sediment accretion. Significant mangrove decline is found in all cases: the greater the rise in sea level the greater the losses. By the end of the century, the Indian Sundarbans mangroves could lose between 42 % and 80 % of their current area if current management is continued. Managed realignment could offset these losses but at the expense of productive land and the migration of the human population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Samanta
- School of Oceanographic Studies, Jadavpur University, 188 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India.
| | - Sugata Hazra
- School of Oceanographic Studies, Jadavpur University, 188 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India.
| | - Jon R French
- Coastal and Estuarine Research Unit, UCL Department of Geography, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - Robert J Nicholls
- Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK.
| | - Partho P Mondal
- School of Oceanographic Studies, Jadavpur University, 188 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
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11
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Hamylton S, Kelleway J, Rogers K, McLean R, Tynan ZN, Repina O. Mangrove expansion on the low wooded islands of the Great Barrier Reef. Proc Biol Sci 2023; 290:20231183. [PMID: 37909075 PMCID: PMC10618860 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2023.1183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Mangrove forests are the dominant vegetation growing on low wooded islands, which occur in the Caribbean, Indian and Pacific Oceans. In the northern Great Barrier Reef, we map remarkable, undocumented mangrove forest extension on 10 low wooded islands in the Howick Group that collectively equates to an area of 667 000 m2 (66.7 ha). We combine extensive field survey with canopy height models derived from RPA imagery and allometric scaling to quantify above ground biomass in both old (pre-1973) and new (post-1973) forest areas. Forest expansion added approximately 10 233 tonnes of new biomass since the early 1970s. We suggest that such substantial expansion of mangrove forest has occurred within a short time span in response to changing environmental controls. These may include sea-level rise, sediment transport and deposition, cyclone impact and the development of associated reef flat sedimentary landforms including unconsolidated and lithified shingle ridges, which influence reef flat hydrodynamics. Our observations highlight the globally dynamic response of mangrove distribution and forest structure to environmental change and provide timely new estimates from understudied reef island settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Hamylton
- School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences, University of Wollongong Faculty of Science Medicine and Health, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
| | - Jeff Kelleway
- School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences, University of Wollongong Faculty of Science Medicine and Health, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
| | - Kerrylee Rogers
- School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences, University of Wollongong Faculty of Science Medicine and Health, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
| | - Roger McLean
- University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Zachary Nagel Tynan
- School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences, University of Wollongong Faculty of Science Medicine and Health, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
| | - Oxana Repina
- School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences, University of Wollongong Faculty of Science Medicine and Health, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
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12
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Hallam J, Harris NC. What's going to be on the menu with global environmental changes? Glob Chang Biol 2023; 29:5744-5759. [PMID: 37458101 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Ongoing anthropogenic change is altering the planet at an unprecedented rate, threatening biodiversity, and ecosystem functioning. Species are responding to abiotic pressures at both individual and population levels, with changes affecting trophic interactions through consumptive pathways. Collectively, these impacts alter the goods and services that natural ecosystems will provide to society, as well as the persistence of all species. Here, we describe the physiological and behavioral responses of species to global changes on individual and population levels that result in detectable changes in diet across terrestrial and marine ecosystems. We illustrate shifts in the dynamics of food webs with implications for animal communities. Additionally, we highlight the myriad of tools available for researchers to investigate the dynamics of consumption patterns and trophic interactions, arguing that diet data are a crucial component of ecological studies on global change. We suggest that a holistic approach integrating the complexities of diet choice and trophic interactions with environmental drivers may be more robust at resolving trends in biodiversity, predicting food web responses, and potentially identifying early warning signs of diversity loss. Ultimately, despite the growing body of long-term ecological datasets, there remains a dearth of diet ecology studies across temporal scales, a shortcoming that must be resolved to elucidate vulnerabilities to changing biophysical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Hallam
- Applied Wildlife Ecology Lab, Yale School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Nyeema C Harris
- Applied Wildlife Ecology Lab, Yale School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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13
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Saintilan N, Horton B, Törnqvist TE, Ashe EL, Khan NS, Schuerch M, Perry C, Kopp RE, Garner GG, Murray N, Rogers K, Albert S, Kelleway J, Shaw TA, Woodroffe CD, Lovelock CE, Goddard MM, Hutley LB, Kovalenko K, Feher L, Guntenspergen G. Widespread retreat of coastal habitat is likely at warming levels above 1.5 °C. Nature 2023; 621:112-119. [PMID: 37648850 PMCID: PMC10482694 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06448-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Several coastal ecosystems-most notably mangroves and tidal marshes-exhibit biogenic feedbacks that are facilitating adjustment to relative sea-level rise (RSLR), including the sequestration of carbon and the trapping of mineral sediment1. The stability of reef-top habitats under RSLR is similarly linked to reef-derived sediment accumulation and the vertical accretion of protective coral reefs2. The persistence of these ecosystems under high rates of RSLR is contested3. Here we show that the probability of vertical adjustment to RSLR inferred from palaeo-stratigraphic observations aligns with contemporary in situ survey measurements. A deficit between tidal marsh and mangrove adjustment and RSLR is likely at 4 mm yr-1 and highly likely at 7 mm yr-1 of RSLR. As rates of RSLR exceed 7 mm yr-1, the probability that reef islands destabilize through increased shoreline erosion and wave over-topping increases. Increased global warming from 1.5 °C to 2.0 °C would double the area of mapped tidal marsh exposed to 4 mm yr-1 of RSLR by between 2080 and 2100. With 3 °C of warming, nearly all the world's mangrove forests and coral reef islands and almost 40% of mapped tidal marshes are estimated to be exposed to RSLR of at least 7 mm yr-1. Meeting the Paris agreement targets would minimize disruption to coastal ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Saintilan
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
- Institute of Plant Science and Microbiology, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Benjamin Horton
- Earth Observatory of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Asian School of the Environment, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Torbjörn E Törnqvist
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Erica L Ashe
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences and Rutgers Institute of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Nicole S Khan
- Department of Earth Sciences, Swire Institute of Marine Science and Institute of Climate and Carbon Neutrality, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Mark Schuerch
- Catchments and Coasts Research Group, Department of Geography, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, UK
| | - Chris Perry
- Geography, Faculty of Environment, Science & Economy, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Robert E Kopp
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences and Rutgers Institute of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Gregory G Garner
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences and Rutgers Institute of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Nicholas Murray
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kerrylee Rogers
- School of Earth Atmospheric and Life Sciences and GeoQuEST Research Centre, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Simon Albert
- School of Civil Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jeffrey Kelleway
- School of Earth Atmospheric and Life Sciences and GeoQuEST Research Centre, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Timothy A Shaw
- Earth Observatory of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Colin D Woodroffe
- School of Earth Atmospheric and Life Sciences and GeoQuEST Research Centre, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Catherine E Lovelock
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Madeline M Goddard
- Research Institute of Environment and Livelihoods, Faculty of Science and Technology, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Lindsay B Hutley
- Research Institute of Environment and Livelihoods, Faculty of Science and Technology, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Katya Kovalenko
- Natural Resources Research Institute, University of Minnesota-Duluth, Duluth, MN, USA
| | - Laura Feher
- US Geological Survey, Wetland and Aquatic Research Centre, Lafayette, LA, USA
| | - Glenn Guntenspergen
- US Geological Survey, Eastern Ecological Research Center, Beltsfield, MD, USA
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14
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Ouyang X, Kristensen E, Zimmer M, Thornber C, Yang Z, Lee SY. Response of macrophyte litter decomposition in global blue carbon ecosystems to climate change. Glob Chang Biol 2023; 29:3806-3820. [PMID: 36946867 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Blue carbon ecosystems (BCEs) are important nature-based solutions for climate change-mitigation. However, current debates question the reliability and contribution of BCEs under future climatic-scenarios. The answer to this question depends on ecosystem processes driving carbon-sequestration and -storage, such as primary production and decomposition, and their future rates. We performed a global meta-analysis on litter decomposition rate constants (k) in BCEs and predicted changes in carbon release from 309 studies. The relationships between k and climatic factors were examined by extracting remote-sensing data on air temperature, sea-surface temperature, and precipitation aligning to the decomposition time of each experiment. We constructed global numerical models of litter decomposition to forecast k and carbon release under different scenarios. The current k averages at 27 ± 3 × 10-2 day-1 for macroalgae were higher than for seagrasses (1.7 ± 0.2 × 10-2 day-1 ), mangroves (1.6 ± 0.1 × 10-2 day-1 ) and tidal marshes (5.9 ± 0.5 × 10-3 day-1 ). Macrophyte k increased with both air temperature and precipitation in intertidal BCEs and with sea surface temperature for subtidal seagrasses. Above a temperature threshold for vascular plant litter at ~25°C and ~20°C for macroalgae, k drastically increased with increasing temperature. However, the direct effect of high temperatures on k are obscured by other factors in field experiments compared with laboratory experiments. We defined "fundamental" and "realized" temperature response to explain this effect. Based on relationships for realized temperature response, we predict that proportions of decomposed litter will increase by 0.9%-5% and 4.7%-28.8% by 2100 under low- (2°C) and high-warming conditions (4°C) compared to 2020, respectively. Net litter carbon sinks in BCEs will increase due to higher increase in litter C production than in decomposition by 2100 compared to 2020 under RCP 8.5. We highlight that BCEs will play an increasingly important role in future climate change-mitigation. Our findings can be leveraged for blue carbon accounting under future climate change scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoguang Ouyang
- Research Centre of Ecology & Environment for Coastal Area and Deep Sea, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 511458, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Quality Improvement and Ecological Restoration for Watersheds, School of Ecology, Environment and Resources, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Simon F.S. Li Marine Science Laboratory and School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Erik Kristensen
- Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, 5230, Denmark
| | - Martin Zimmer
- Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research and University of Bremen, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Carol Thornber
- Department of Natural Resources Science, The University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rode Island, 02881, USA
| | - Zhifeng Yang
- Research Centre of Ecology & Environment for Coastal Area and Deep Sea, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 511458, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Quality Improvement and Ecological Restoration for Watersheds, School of Ecology, Environment and Resources, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Shing Yip Lee
- Simon F.S. Li Marine Science Laboratory and School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, SAR, China
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15
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Arnaud M, Krause S, Norby RJ, Dang TH, Acil N, Kettridge N, Gauci V, Ullah S. Global mangrove root production, its controls and roles in the blue carbon budget of mangroves. Glob Chang Biol 2023; 29:3256-3270. [PMID: 36994691 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Mangroves are among the most carbon-dense ecosystems worldwide. Most of the carbon in mangroves is found belowground, and root production might be an important control of carbon accumulation, but has been rarely quantified and understood at the global scale. Here, we determined the global mangrove root production rate and its controls using a systematic review and a recently formalised, spatially explicit mangrove typology framework based on geomorphological settings. We found that global mangrove root production averaged ~770 ± 202 g of dry biomass m-2 year-1 globally, which is much higher than previously reported and close to the root production of the most productive tropical forests. Geomorphological settings exerted marked control over root production together with air temperature and precipitation (r2 ≈ 30%, p < .001). Our review shows that individual global changes (e.g. warming, eutrophication, drought) have antagonist effects on root production, but they have rarely been studied in combination. Based on this newly established root production rate, root-derived carbon might account for most of the total carbon buried in mangroves, and 19 Tg C lost in mangroves each year (e.g. as CO2 ). Inclusion of root production measurements in understudied geomorphological settings (i.e. deltas), regions (Indonesia, South America and Africa) and soil depth (>40 cm), as well as the creation of a mangrove root trait database will push forward our understanding of the global mangrove carbon cycle for now and the future. Overall, this review presents a comprehensive analysis of root production in mangroves, and highlights the central role of root production in the global mangrove carbon budget.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Arnaud
- School of Geography, Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, and Birmingham Institute of Forest Research, Birmingham, UK
- Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences Paris (iEES-Paris), Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Stefan Krause
- School of Geography, Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, and Birmingham Institute of Forest Research, Birmingham, UK
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, ENTPE, UMR5023, Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), Villeurbanne, France
| | - Richard J Norby
- School of Geography, Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, and Birmingham Institute of Forest Research, Birmingham, UK
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Tennessee, Knoxville, USA
| | - Thuong Huyen Dang
- Faculty of Geology and Petroleum Engineering, University of Technology, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCM), Vietnam
| | - Nezha Acil
- Institute for Environmental Futures, School of Geography, Geology and the Environment, University of Leicester, Space Park Leicester, Leicester, UK
- National Centre for Earth Observation, University of Leicester, Space Park Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Nicholas Kettridge
- School of Geography, Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, and Birmingham Institute of Forest Research, Birmingham, UK
| | - Vincent Gauci
- School of Geography, Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, and Birmingham Institute of Forest Research, Birmingham, UK
| | - Sami Ullah
- School of Geography, Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, and Birmingham Institute of Forest Research, Birmingham, UK
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16
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Morrissette HK, Baez SK, Beers L, Bood N, Martinez ND, Novelo K, Andrews G, Balan L, Beers CS, Betancourt SA, Blanco R, Bowden E, Burns-Perez V, Carcamo M, Chevez L, Crooks S, Feller IC, Galvez G, Garbutt K, Gongora R, Grijalva E, Lefcheck J, Mahung A, Mattis C, McKoy T, McLaughlin D, Meza J, Pott E, Ramirez G, Ramnarace V, Rash A, Rosado S, Santos H, Santoya L, Sosa W, Ugarte G, Viamil J, Young A, Young J, Canty SWJ. Belize Blue Carbon: Establishing a national carbon stock estimate for mangrove ecosystems. Sci Total Environ 2023; 870:161829. [PMID: 36731558 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Mangrove ecosystems are among the most economically and ecologically valuable marine environments in the world. Mangroves are effective at long-term carbon storage within their sediments and are estimated to hold 12 billion metric tons of carbon worldwide. These ecosystems are therefore vitally important for carbon sequestration and, by extension, climate change mitigation. As part of the Paris Agreement, participating countries agree to provide plans to reduce their carbon emissions, or nationally determined contributions (NDCs). However, despite mangroves being recognized as important nature-based solutions, many countries still lack national data on carbon stocks and must use global or regional averages, which may not be sufficiently accurate. Here, we present the national carbon stock estimate of mangrove ecosystems for the NDC of Belize, acquired through a collaborative approach involving government agencies and NGOs. We conducted a comprehensive sampling of mangroves across the country, including a range of mangrove ecotypes. The mean total ecosystem carbon stock (TECS) for the nation was 444.1 ± 21.0 Mg C ha-1, with 74.4 ± 6.2 Mg C ha-1 in biomass stocks, and 369.7 ± 17.7 Mg C ha-1 in sediment stocks. Combining these data with a recent mapping effort, we provide the first national comprehensive mangrove carbon stock estimate of 25.7 Tg C. The national mean from this study varies from previous global analyses, which can under- or overestimate TECS by as much as 0.6 Tg C and 16.5 Tg C, respectively, depending on the study. These data supported the NDC update of Belize, and can be used to inform the country's mangrove protection and restoration commitments. The collaborative approach of this work should serve as a blueprint for other countries seeking to conserve natural blue carbon sinks as a strategy to achieve their climate targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah K Morrissette
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, 647 Contees Wharf Road, Edgewater, MD 21037, USA; Smithsonian Marine Station, 701 Seaway Drive, Fort Pierce, FL 34949, USA; Working Land and Seascapes, 1000 Jefferson Drive SW, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560, USA.
| | - Stacy K Baez
- The Pew Charitable Trusts, 901 E St. NW, Washington, DC 20004, USA.
| | - Lisa Beers
- Silvestrum Climate Associates LLC, 1 Lower Crescent Ave, Sausalito, CA 94965, USA.
| | - Nadia Bood
- World Wildlife Fund Mesoamerica (Belize Field Office), 1154 Sunrise Avenue, Belize City, Belize.
| | - Ninon D Martinez
- University of Belize Environmental Research Institute, Price Centre Road, Belmopan, Belize.
| | - Kevin Novelo
- University of Belize Environmental Research Institute, Price Centre Road, Belmopan, Belize.
| | - Gilbert Andrews
- Coastal Zone Management Authority and Institute, Princess Margaret Drive, Belize City, Belize
| | - Luis Balan
- Belize Forest Department, Forest Drive, Belmopan, Belize.
| | - C Scott Beers
- Silvestrum Climate Associates LLC, 1 Lower Crescent Ave, Sausalito, CA 94965, USA
| | | | - Reynel Blanco
- Sarteneja Alliance for Conservation and Development, 329 Lagunita Street, Sarteneja Village, Corozal District, Belize.
| | - Eeryn Bowden
- Toledo Institute for Development and Environment, 1 Mile San Antonio Rd., Hopeville, Belize.
| | | | | | - Luis Chevez
- World Wildlife Fund Mesoamerica (Belize Field Office), 1154 Sunrise Avenue, Belize City, Belize.
| | - Stephen Crooks
- Silvestrum Climate Associates LLC, 1 Lower Crescent Ave, Sausalito, CA 94965, USA.
| | - Ilka C Feller
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, 647 Contees Wharf Road, Edgewater, MD 21037, USA.
| | - Galento Galvez
- University of Belize Environmental Research Institute, Price Centre Road, Belmopan, Belize.
| | - Kent Garbutt
- Coastal Zone Management Authority and Institute, Princess Margaret Drive, Belize City, Belize
| | - Ronny Gongora
- University of Belize Environmental Research Institute, Price Centre Road, Belmopan, Belize.
| | | | - Jonathan Lefcheck
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, 647 Contees Wharf Road, Edgewater, MD 21037, USA.
| | - Alwyn Mahung
- University of Belize Environmental Research Institute, Price Centre Road, Belmopan, Belize.
| | - Colin Mattis
- National Climate Change Office, 7552 Hummingbird Highway, Belmopan, Belize.
| | - Tre McKoy
- Belize Forest Department, Forest Drive, Belmopan, Belize.
| | - Daniel McLaughlin
- University of Belize Environmental Research Institute, Price Centre Road, Belmopan, Belize.
| | - Johan Meza
- Corozal Sustainable Future Initiative, Chunox Sarteneja Road, Corozal, Belize
| | - Edwardo Pott
- Belize Forest Department, Forest Drive, Belmopan, Belize.
| | - Genevieve Ramirez
- Toledo Institute for Development and Environment, 1 Mile San Antonio Rd., Hopeville, Belize.
| | - Vivian Ramnarace
- Belize Fisheries Department, Princess Margaret Drive, Belize City, Belize
| | - Anthony Rash
- Toledo Institute for Development and Environment, 1 Mile San Antonio Rd., Hopeville, Belize.
| | - Samir Rosado
- Coastal Zone Management Authority and Institute, Princess Margaret Drive, Belize City, Belize
| | - Honorio Santos
- Sarteneja Alliance for Conservation and Development, 329 Lagunita Street, Sarteneja Village, Corozal District, Belize
| | - Leomir Santoya
- Sarteneja Alliance for Conservation and Development, 329 Lagunita Street, Sarteneja Village, Corozal District, Belize
| | - Wilson Sosa
- Corozal Sustainable Future Initiative, Chunox Sarteneja Road, Corozal, Belize.
| | - Gabriela Ugarte
- University of Belize Environmental Research Institute, Price Centre Road, Belmopan, Belize.
| | - Jose Viamil
- Corozal Sustainable Future Initiative, Chunox Sarteneja Road, Corozal, Belize.
| | - Arlene Young
- Coastal Zone Management Authority and Institute, Princess Margaret Drive, Belize City, Belize
| | - Jayron Young
- Turneffe Atoll Sustainability Association, 62 Bella Vista, Belize City, Belize
| | - Steven W J Canty
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, 647 Contees Wharf Road, Edgewater, MD 21037, USA; Smithsonian Marine Station, 701 Seaway Drive, Fort Pierce, FL 34949, USA; Working Land and Seascapes, 1000 Jefferson Drive SW, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560, USA.
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17
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Li Y, Fu C, Hu J, Zeng L, Tu C, Luo Y. Soil Carbon, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus Stoichiometry and Fractions in Blue Carbon Ecosystems: Implications for Carbon Accumulation in Allochthonous-Dominated Habitats. Environ Sci Technol 2023; 57:5913-5923. [PMID: 36996086 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Blue carbon ecosystems (BCEs) including mangroves, saltmarshes, and seagrasses are highly efficient for organic carbon (OC) accumulation due to their unique ability to trap high rates of allochthonous substrates. It has been suggested that the magnitude of OC preservation is constrained by nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) limitation in response to climate and anthropogenic changes. However, little is known about the connection of soil OC with N-P and their forms in response to allochthonous inputs in BCEs. By analyzing soil OC, N, and P densities of BCEs from 797 sites globally, we find that, in China, where allochthonous OC provides 50-75% of total OC, soil C/P and N/P ratios are 4- to 8-fold lower than their global means, and 23%, 29%, and 20% of buried OC, N, and P are oxidation-resistant fractions that linked with minerals. We estimate that the OC stocks in China should double over the next 40 years under high allochthonous inputs and elevated N/P ratio scenarios during BCE restoration. Allochthonous-dominated BCEs thus have the capacity to enhance refractory and mineral bound organic matter accumulation. Protection and restoration of such BCEs will provide long-term mitigating benefits against sea level rise and greenhouse gas emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS); Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai 264003, P. R. China
| | - Chuancheng Fu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Nanjing 210008, P. R. China
| | - Jian Hu
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Salt Marsh Ecosystems and Resources, Ministry of Natural Resources, Jiangsu Geological Bureau, Nanjing 210018, P. R. China
| | - Lin Zeng
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, P. R. China
| | - Chen Tu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS); Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai 264003, P. R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Nanjing 210008, P. R. China
| | - Yongming Luo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS); Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai 264003, P. R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Nanjing 210008, P. R. China
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18
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Piro A, Mazzuca S, Phandee S, Jenke M, Buapet P. Physiology and proteomics analyses reveal the response mechanisms of Rhizophora mucronata seedlings to prolonged complete submergence. Plant Biol (Stuttg) 2023; 25:420-432. [PMID: 36689309 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Mangrove seedlings are subject to natural tidal inundation, while occasional flooding may lead to complete submergence. Complete submergence reduces light availability and limits gas exchange, affecting several plant metabolic processes. The present study focuses on Rhizophora mucronata, a common mangrove species found along the coasts of Thailand and the Malay Peninsula. To reveal response mechanisms of R. mucronata seedlings to submergence, a physiological investigation coupled with proteomic analyses of leaf and root tissues was carried out in plants subjected to 20 days of control (drained) or submerged conditions. Submerged seedlings showed decreased photosynthetic activity, lower stomatal conductance, higher total antioxidant capacity in leaves and higher lipid peroxidation in roots than control plants. At the same time, tissue nutrient ion content displayed organ-specific responses. Proteome analysis revealed a significant change in 240 proteins in the leaves and 212 proteins in the roots. In leaves, most differentially accumulated proteins (DAPs) are associated with nucleic acids, stress response, protein transport, signal transduction, development and photosynthesis. In roots, most DAPs are associated with protein metabolic process, response to abiotic stimulus, nucleic acid metabolism and transport. Our study provides a comprehensive understanding of submergence responses in R. mucronata seedlings. The results suggest that submergence induced multifaceted stresses related to light limitation, oxidative stress and osmotic stress, but the responses are organ specific. The results revealed many candidate proteins which may be essential for survival of R. mucronata under prolonged submergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Piro
- Laboratorio di Biologia e Proteomica Vegetale (La.Bio.Pro.Ve.), Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università della Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - S Mazzuca
- Laboratorio di Biologia e Proteomica Vegetale (La.Bio.Pro.Ve.), Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università della Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - S Phandee
- Division of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai, Songkhla, Thailand
- Coastal Oceanography and Climate Change Research Center, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - M Jenke
- Special Research Unit for Mangrove Silviculture, Faculty of Forestry, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - P Buapet
- Division of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai, Songkhla, Thailand
- Coastal Oceanography and Climate Change Research Center, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai, Songkhla, Thailand
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19
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Valentine K, Herbert ER, Walters DC, Chen Y, Smith AJ, Kirwan ML. Climate-driven tradeoffs between landscape connectivity and the maintenance of the coastal carbon sink. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1137. [PMID: 36914625 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36803-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Ecosystem connectivity tends to increase the resilience and function of ecosystems responding to stressors. Coastal ecosystems sequester disproportionately large amounts of carbon, but rapid exchange of water, nutrients, and sediment makes them vulnerable to sea level rise and coastal erosion. Individual components of the coastal landscape (i.e., marsh, forest, bay) have contrasting responses to sea level rise, making it difficult to forecast the response of the integrated coastal carbon sink. Here we couple a spatially-explicit geomorphic model with a point-based carbon accumulation model, and show that landscape connectivity, in-situ carbon accumulation rates, and the size of the landscape-scale coastal carbon stock all peak at intermediate sea level rise rates despite divergent responses of individual components. Progressive loss of forest biomass under increasing sea level rise leads to a shift from a system dominated by forest biomass carbon towards one dominated by marsh soil carbon that is maintained by substantial recycling of organic carbon between marshes and bays. These results suggest that climate change strengthens connectivity between adjacent coastal ecosystems, but with tradeoffs that include a shift towards more labile carbon, smaller marsh and forest extents, and the accumulation of carbon in portions of the landscape more vulnerable to sea level rise and erosion.
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Yao Q, Liu KB, Rodrigues E, Fan D, Cohen M. A palynological record of mangrove biogeography, coastal geomorphological change, and prehistoric human activities from Cedar Keys, Florida, U.S.A. Sci Total Environ 2023; 859:160189. [PMID: 36395834 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Under the continuous warming trend in the 21st century, mangroves are likely to migrate into more temperate regions in North and South America. However, the biogeography of different mangrove species is still unclear, especially near their latitudinal range limits in the two continents. This study utilizes palynological, geochemical, and sedimentological analyses to record changes in the coastal morphology and vegetation during the Holocene in Cedar Keys, Florida, the mangrove sub-range limit in North America. The multi-proxy dataset indicates that the milder winters during the Medieval Climate Anomaly likely facilitated the establishment of mangroves in the study region, where Avicennia, Laguncularia, and Rhizophora were established in the ~12th (790-850 cal yr BP), ~14th (580-660 cal yr BP), and ~ 16th century (440-460 cal yr BP), respectively. Thus, the Medieval Climate Anomaly likely triggered the poleward mangrove migration in North and South America synchronously. Moreover, the multi-proxy dataset also documents the obliteration of the Woodland Culture near Cedar Keys, where a once-thriving native civilization on Seahorse Key was driven out by the European colonizers, who settled on the mainland and Atsena Otie Key. Over time, the relict sites of the Woodland people on Seahorse Key were covered by mangroves and marsh vegetation since the ~16th century. Overall, our dataset suggests that industrial-era warming may have intensified the poleward mangrove expansion, although this trend had started earlier during the Medieval Climate Anomaly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Yao
- Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, United States of America
| | - Kam-Biu Liu
- Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences and Coastal Studies Institute, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, United States of America
| | - Erika Rodrigues
- Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, United States of America; Institute of Geosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daidu Fan
- School of Ocean and Earth Science, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Marcelo Cohen
- Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, United States of America; Graduate Program of Geology and Geochemistry, Federal University of Pará, Av. Perimentral 2651, Terra Firme, 66077-530 Belém, PA, Brazil.
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He S, Wang X, Du Z, Liang P, Zhong Y, Wang L, Zhang YY, Shen Y. Physiological and transcriptomic responses to cold waves of the most cold-tolerant mangrove, Kandelia obovata. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1069055. [PMID: 36844068 PMCID: PMC9950753 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1069055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Mangrove forests inhabit tropical or subtropical intertidal zones and have remarkable abilities in coastline protection. Kandelia obovata is considered the most cold-tolerant mangrove species and has been widely transplanted to the north subtropical zone of China for ecological restoration. However, the physiological and molecular mechanisms of K. obovata under colder climate was still unclear. Here, we manipulated the typical climate of cold waves in the north subtropical zone with cycles of cold/recovery and analyzed the physiological and transcriptomic responses of seedlings. We found that both physiological traits and gene expression profiles differed between the first and later cold waves, indicating K. obovata seedlings were acclimated by the first cold experience and prepared for latter cold waves. 1,135 cold acclimation-related genes (CARGs) were revealed, related to calcium signaling, cell wall modification, and post-translational modifications of ubiquitination pathways. We identified the roles of CBFs and CBF-independent transcription factors (ZATs and CZF1s) in regulating the expression of CARGs, suggesting both CBF-dependent and CBF- independent pathways functioned in the cold acclimation of K. obovata. Finally, we proposed a molecular mechanism of K. obovata cold acclimation with several key CARGs and transcriptional factors involved. Our experiments reveal strategies of K. obovata coping with cold environments and provide prospects for mangrove rehabilitation and management.
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Rabett RJ, Morimoto R, Kahlert T, Stimpson CM, O’Donnell S, Mai Huong NT, Manh BV, Holmes R, Khánh PS, Van TT, Coward F. Prehistoric pathways to Anthropocene adaptation: Evidence from the Red River Delta, Vietnam. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0280126. [PMID: 36753481 PMCID: PMC9907861 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past twenty years, government advisory bodies have placed increasing emphasis on the need for adaptive measures in response to the effects of human-induced climate change. Integrated Assessment Models (IAMs), which incorporate macroeconomic and climate variables, feature prominently in advisory content, though they rarely draw on data from outside strictly constrained hypothetical systems. This has led to assertions that they are not well-suited to approximate complex systemic human-environment processes. Modular, interdisciplinary approaches have offered a way to address this shortcoming; however, beyond climate records, prehistoric data continue to be under-utilised in developing such models. In this paper we highlight the contribution that archaeology and palaeoecology can make to the development of the next generation IAMs that are expected to enhance provision for more local and pro-active adaptations to future climate change. We present data from one of Southeast Asia's most heavily developed river deltas: the Red River (Song Hong) Delta, in Vietnam and localised analysis from the Tràng An Landscape Complex World Heritage Site, on the delta's southern margin. Comparison is made between Shared Socio-economic Pathways (SSP) 5-8.5 and SSP2-4.5 emission projection models and the Mid-Holocene inundation of the Red River Basin. We highlight the value to taking a scientific long view of coastal evolution through an illustrative set of eight research foci where palaeo-data can bring new and localised empirical data to bear on future risk management planning. We proceed to demonstrate the applicability of palaeoenvironmental, zooarchaeological and historical evidence to management and the development of sustainable conservation strategies using Tràng An as a case study. In so doing, we further highlight the importance of knowledge exchange between scientific, corporate, non-governmental, local, and state stakeholders to achieve tangible results on the ground.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J. Rabett
- Archaeology & Palaeoecology, School of Natural & Built Environment, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
- Institute for Hellenic Culture & the Liberal Arts, The American College of Greece, Athens, Greece
- * E-mail:
| | - Risa Morimoto
- Department of Economics, School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS), University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Thorsten Kahlert
- Centre for Geographic Information Science and Geomatics, School of Natural & Built Environment, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | | | - Shawn O’Donnell
- Department of Geography & Environmental Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | | | - Bui Van Manh
- Department of Tourism, Ninh Bình City, Ninh Bình Province, Vietnam
| | - Rachael Holmes
- School of Geography, Geology & the Environment, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Phạm Sinh Khánh
- Tràng An Landscape Complex Management Board, Ninh Bình City, Ninh Bình Province, Vietnam
| | - Tran Tan Van
- Vietnam Institute of Geosciences & Mineral Resources, Ministry of Natural Resources & Environment, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Fiona Coward
- Department of Archaeology, Anthropology & Forensic Science, Faculty of Science & Technology Bournemouth University, Poole, Dorset, United Kingdom
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Kim HL, Li T, Kalsi N, Nguyen HTT, Shaw TA, Ang KC, Cheng KC, Ratan A, Peltier WR, Samanta D, Pratapneni M, Schuster SC, Horton BP. Prehistoric human migration between Sundaland and South Asia was driven by sea-level rise. Commun Biol 2023; 6:150. [PMID: 36739308 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04510-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapid sea-level rise between the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and the mid-Holocene transformed the Southeast Asian coastal landscape, but the impact on human demography remains unclear. Here, we create a paleogeographic map, focusing on sea-level changes during the period spanning the LGM to the present-day and infer the human population history in Southeast and South Asia using 763 high-coverage whole-genome sequencing datasets from 59 ethnic groups. We show that sea-level rise, in particular meltwater pulses 1 A (MWP1A, ~14,500-14,000 years ago) and 1B (MWP1B, ~11,500-11,000 years ago), reduced land area by over 50% since the LGM, resulting in segregation of local human populations. Following periods of rapid sea-level rises, population pressure drove the migration of Malaysian Negritos into South Asia. Integrated paleogeographic and population genomic analysis demonstrates the earliest documented instance of forced human migration driven by sea-level rise.
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Albert JS, Carnaval AC, Flantua SGA, Lohmann LG, Ribas CC, Riff D, Carrillo JD, Fan Y, Figueiredo JJP, Guayasamin JM, Hoorn C, de Melo GH, Nascimento N, Quesada CA, Ulloa Ulloa C, Val P, Arieira J, Encalada AC, Nobre CA. Human impacts outpace natural processes in the Amazon. Science 2023; 379:eabo5003. [PMID: 36701466 DOI: 10.1126/science.abo5003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Amazonian environments are being degraded by modern industrial and agricultural activities at a pace far above anything previously known, imperiling its vast biodiversity reserves and globally important ecosystem services. The most substantial threats come from regional deforestation, because of export market demands, and global climate change. The Amazon is currently perched to transition rapidly from a largely forested to a nonforested landscape. These changes are happening much too rapidly for Amazonian species, peoples, and ecosystems to respond adaptively. Policies to prevent the worst outcomes are known and must be enacted immediately. We now need political will and leadership to act on this information. To fail the Amazon is to fail the biosphere, and we fail to act at our peril.
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Affiliation(s)
- James S Albert
- Department of Biology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA, USA
| | - Ana C Carnaval
- Department of Biology and Ph.D. Program in Biology, City University of New York (CUNY) and CUNY Graduate Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Suzette G A Flantua
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen and Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Bergen, Norway
| | - Lúcia G Lohmann
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Botânica, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Camila C Ribas
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Douglas Riff
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Juan D Carrillo
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Ying Fan
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, NJ, USA
| | - Jorge J P Figueiredo
- Institute of Geoscience, Center of Mathematical and Earth Sciences, Universidade Federal Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Juan M Guayasamin
- Instituto Biósfera, Laboratorio de Biología Evolutiva, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Carina Hoorn
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Gustavo H de Melo
- Department of Geology, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Carlos A Quesada
- Coordination for Environmental Dynamics, National Institute for Research in Amazonia, Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | | | - Pedro Val
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Queens College, CUNY, New York, NY, USA.,Ph.D. Program in Earth and Environmental Sciences, CUNY Graduate Center, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Geology, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | - Julia Arieira
- Science Panel for the Amazon (SPA), São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Andrea C Encalada
- Instituto Biósfera, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Carlos A Nobre
- Institute of Advanced Studies, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Liang S, Hu W, Liu J, Su S, Chen G, Chen S, Xie B, Du J, Liu W, Chen B. Mapping mangrove sustainability in the face of sea level rise and land use: A case study on Leizhou Peninsula, China. J Environ Manage 2023; 325:116554. [PMID: 36283171 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Habitat loss and degradation of mangrove forests can be caused by both sea level rise (SLR) and unsustainable land practices. Current long-term change projections are often based on changes to mangrove extent; however, this may overlook fragmentation and the associated habitat resilience decline and therefore fail to adequately reveal the risks to mangrove habitats. A mangrove sustainability index (MSI) was proposed in this study to assess the impact of SLR and land use on mangrove habitats. The index consists of four components: habitat area change, habitat quality, landscape pattern, and protection ratio. Ecological models and landscape models were combined to calculate the MSI. Considering the SLR under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 and land use strategies, four scenarios were set with prediction periods of base year (2020) to 2050 and 2100. The Leizhou Peninsula, China was used as the case study. The results showed that dual stressors would reduce the extent of mangroves by 16.6%-56.2%. Habitat quality was sensitive to land use change but was not affected by SLR. Landscape pattern and protection ratio were influenced by SLR but less effected by land use. In all scenarios, mangroves tended to migrate out of the protected areas, with protection ratio decreasing from 37% to 16.9%-29.9%. Newly expanding habitats may suffer from patch fragmentation and low connectivity. Unsustainable mangrove distribution sites on Leizhou Peninsula were identified as hotspots for management. Projections under different scenarios showed that some unsustainable sites could be reversed to sustainable sites through improvements in land use policies. The proposed approach could provide essential tools for the formulation of mangrove conservation and restoration strategies adapted to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Liang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecological Conservation and Restoration, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, 361005, China; Institute of Marine Science, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Wenjia Hu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecological Conservation and Restoration, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, 361005, China.
| | - Jie Liu
- National Marine Data and Information Service, Tianjin, 300171, China
| | - Shangke Su
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecological Conservation and Restoration, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Guangcheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecological Conservation and Restoration, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, 361005, China; Observation and Research Station of Coastal Wetland Ecosystem in Beibu Gulf, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beihai, 536015, China
| | - Shunyang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecological Conservation and Restoration, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, 361005, China; Observation and Research Station of Coastal Wetland Ecosystem in Beibu Gulf, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beihai, 536015, China
| | - Bin Xie
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecological Conservation and Restoration, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Jianguo Du
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecological Conservation and Restoration, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, 361005, China; Observation and Research Station of Coastal Wetland Ecosystem in Beibu Gulf, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beihai, 536015, China
| | - Wenhua Liu
- Institute of Marine Science, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Bin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecological Conservation and Restoration, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, 361005, China; Observation and Research Station of Coastal Wetland Ecosystem in Beibu Gulf, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beihai, 536015, China.
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Abstract
Salt marshes provide ecosystem services such as carbon sequestration1, coastal protection2, sea-level-rise (SLR) adaptation3 and recreation4. SLR5, storm events6, drainage7 and mangrove encroachment8 are known drivers of salt marsh loss. However, the global magnitude and location of changes in salt marsh extent remains uncertain. Here we conduct a global and systematic change analysis of Landsat satellite imagery from the years 2000-2019 to quantify the loss, gain and recovery of salt marsh ecosystems and then estimate the impact of these changes on blue carbon stocks. We show a net salt marsh loss globally, equivalent to an area double the size of Singapore (719 km2), with a loss rate of 0.28% year-1 from 2000 to 2019. Net global losses resulted in 16.3 (0.4-33.2, 90% confidence interval) Tg CO2e year-1 emissions from 2000 to 2019 and a 0.045 (-0.14-0.115) Tg CO2e year-1 reduction of carbon burial. Russia and the USA accounted for 64% of salt marsh losses, driven by hurricanes and coastal erosion. Our findings highlight the vulnerability of salt marsh systems to climatic changes such as SLR and intensification of storms and cyclones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony D Campbell
- Biospheric Sciences Laboratory, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA.
- NASA Postdoctoral Program, Oak Ridge Associated Universities, Oak Ridge, TN, USA.
- GESTAR II, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Lola Fatoyinbo
- Biospheric Sciences Laboratory, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - Liza Goldberg
- Biospheric Sciences Laboratory, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
- Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - David Lagomasino
- Integrated Coastal Programs, East Carolina University, Wanchese, NC, USA
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Quintero IJ, Castillo AM, Mejía LC. Diversity and Taxonomy of Soil Bacterial Communities in Urban and Rural Mangrove Forests of the Panama Bay. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10112191. [PMID: 36363784 PMCID: PMC9697262 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10112191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Mangrove ecosystems are threatened worldwide by a wide range of factors including climate change, coastal development, and pollution. The effects of these factors on soil bacterial communities of Neotropical mangroves and their temporal dynamics is largely undocumented. Here we compared the diversity and taxonomic composition of bacterial communities in the soil of two mangrove forest sites of the Panama Bay: Juan Diaz (JD), an urban mangrove forest in Panama City surrounded by urban development, with occurrence of five mangrove species, and polluted with solid waste and sewage; and Bayano (B), a rural mangrove forest without urban development, without solid waste pollution, and with the presence of two mangrove species. Massive amplicon sequencing of the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene and community analyses were implemented. In total, 20,691 bacterial amplicon sequence variants were identified, and the bacterial community was more diverse in the rural mangrove forest based on Faith’s phylogenetic diversity index. The three dominant phyla of bacteria found and shared between the two sites were Proteobacteria, Desulfobacterota, and Chloroflexi. The ammonia oxidizing archaea class Nitrosphaeria was found among the top 10 most abundant. Dominant genera of bacteria that occurred in the two mangrove sites were: BD2-11_terrestrial_group (Gemmatimonadota), EPR3968-O8a-Bc78 (Gammaproteobacteria), Salinimicrobium (Bacteroidetes), Sulfurovum (Campylobacteria), and Woeseia (Gammaproteobacteria) of which the first three and Methyloceanibacter had increased in relative abundance in the transition from rainy to dry to rainy season in the urban mangrove forest. Altogether, our study suggests that factors such as urban development, vegetation composition, pollution, and seasonal changes may cause shifts in bacterial diversity and relative abundance of specific taxa in mangrove soils. In particular, taxa with roles in biogeochemical cycles of carbon, nitrogen, sulfur, and phosphorus, and on rhizosphere taxa, could be important for mangrove plant resilience to environmental stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indira J. Quintero
- Centro de Biodiversidad y Descubrimiento de Drogas, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT-AIP) Clayton, Panamá 0843, Panama
- Programa de Maestría en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Panamá, Panamá 0824, Panama
| | - Anakena M. Castillo
- Centro de Biodiversidad y Descubrimiento de Drogas, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT-AIP) Clayton, Panamá 0843, Panama
- Departamento de Investigación en Entomología Médica, Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud (ICGES), Panamá 0816, Panama
| | - Luis C. Mejía
- Centro de Biodiversidad y Descubrimiento de Drogas, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT-AIP) Clayton, Panamá 0843, Panama
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panamá 0843, Panama
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Panamá, Panamá 0824, Panama
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +507-517-0700
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Abstract
Mangroves have been converted and degraded for decades. Rates of loss have declined over the past decades, but achieving resilient coastlines requires both conservation and restoration. Here, we outline the challenges for the global restoration of mangroves and what actions could enhance restoration. Ambitious global targets for mangrove restoration, if successful, could deliver global benefits of carbon sequestration, fisheries production, biodiversity, and coastal protection. However, large-scale mangrove planting efforts have often failed, and smaller projects may not deliver landscape-scale benefits, even though they are more suited to community management. Solutions to achieving global targets include reducing risks of large projects and increasing the uptake and effectiveness of smaller projects. Sustainable mangrove restoration requires investment in capacity building in communities and institutions, and mechanisms to match restoration opportunities with prospective supporters and investors. Global reporting standards will support adaptive management and help fully understand and monitor the benefits of mangrove restoration. Restoration of mangroves is urgently needed and contributes to climate change mitigation, but often faces biophysical, social, economic and regulatory barriers. This Essay describes emerging solutions supporting restoration of mangroves - solutions that are needed to fully implement restoration goals and achieve resilient, sustainable coastal communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine E. Lovelock
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Edward Barbier
- Department of Economics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Carlos M. Duarte
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
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29
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Blanco-Sacristán J, Johansen K, Duarte CM, Daffonchio D, Hoteit I, McCabe MF. Mangrove distribution and afforestation potential in the Red Sea. Sci Total Environ 2022; 843:157098. [PMID: 35779736 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Mangrove ecosystems represent one of the most effective natural environments for fixing and storing carbon (C). Mangroves also offer significant co-benefits, serving as nurseries for marine species, providing nutrients and food to support marine ecosystems, and stabilizing coastlines from erosion and extreme events. Given these considerations, mangrove afforestation and associated C sequestration has gained considerable attention as a nature-based solution to climate adaptation (e.g., protect against more frequent storm surges) and mitigation (e.g. offsetting other C-producing activities). To advance our understanding and description of these important ecosystems, we leverage Landsat-8 and Sentinel-2 satellite data to provide a current assessment of mangrove extent within the Red Sea region and also explore the effect of spatial resolution on mapping accuracy. We establish that Sentinel-2 provides a more precise spatial record of extent and subsequently use these data together with a maximum entropy (MaxEnt) modeling approach to: i) map the distribution of Red Sea mangrove systems, and ii) identify potential areas for future afforestation. From these current and potential mangrove distribution maps, we then estimate the carbon sequestration rate for the Red Sea (as well as for each bordering country) using a meta-analysis of sequestration values surveyed from the available literature. For the mangrove classification, we obtained mapping accuracies of 98 %, with a total Red Sea mangrove extent estimated at approximately 175 km2. Based on the MaxEnt approach, which used soil physical and environmental variables to identify the key factors limiting mangrove growth and distribution, an area of nearly 410 km2 was identified for potential mangrove afforestation expansion. The factors constraining the potential distribution of mangroves were related to soil physical properties, likely reflecting the low sediment load and limited nutrient input of the Red Sea. The current rate of carbon sequestration was calculated as 1034.09 ± 180.53 Mg C yr-1, and the potential sequestration rate as 2424.49 ± 423.26 Mg C yr-1. While our results confirm the maintenance of a positive trend in mangrove growth over the last few decades, they also provide the upper bounds on above ground carbon sequestration potential for the Red Sea mangroves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Blanco-Sacristán
- Climate and Livability Initiative, Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Kasper Johansen
- Climate and Livability Initiative, Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Carlos M Duarte
- Red Sea Research Center and Computational Bioscience Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Daniele Daffonchio
- Red Sea Research Center, Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim Hoteit
- Division of Physical Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Matthew F McCabe
- Climate and Livability Initiative, Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
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Dahdouh-Guebas F, Friess DA, Lovelock CE, Connolly RM, Feller IC, Rogers K, Cannicci S. Cross-cutting research themes for future mangrove forest research. Nat Plants 2022; 8:1131-1135. [PMID: 36241736 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-022-01245-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Farid Dahdouh-Guebas
- Systems Ecology and Resource Management Research Unit (SERM), Department of Organism Biology, Université Libre de Bruxelles - ULB, Brussels, Belgium.
- Ecology & Biodiversity, Laboratory of Plant Biology and Nature Management, Biology Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel - VUB, Brussels, Belgium.
- Mangrove Specialist Group (MSG), Species Survival Commission (SSC), International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN), Zoological Society of London, London, UK.
- Interfaculty Institute of Social-Ecological Transitions, Université Libre de Bruxelles - ULB, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Daniel A Friess
- Mangrove Specialist Group (MSG), Species Survival Commission (SSC), International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN), Zoological Society of London, London, UK
- Department of Geography, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Centre for Nature-based Climate Solutions, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Catherine E Lovelock
- Mangrove Specialist Group (MSG), Species Survival Commission (SSC), International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN), Zoological Society of London, London, UK
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Rod M Connolly
- Coastal and Marine Research Centre, Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ilka C Feller
- Mangrove Specialist Group (MSG), Species Survival Commission (SSC), International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN), Zoological Society of London, London, UK
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, MD, USA
| | - Kerrylee Rogers
- School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Stefano Cannicci
- Mangrove Specialist Group (MSG), Species Survival Commission (SSC), International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN), Zoological Society of London, London, UK
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Swire Institute of Marine Science, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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31
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Gouvêa LP, Serrão EA, Cavanaugh K, Gurgel CFD, Horta PA, Assis J. Global impacts of projected climate changes on the extent and aboveground biomass of mangrove forests. DIVERS DISTRIB 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lidiane P. Gouvêa
- CCMAR ‐ Centre of Marine Sciences University of Algarve Faro Portugal
| | - Ester A. Serrão
- CCMAR ‐ Centre of Marine Sciences University of Algarve Faro Portugal
| | - Kyle Cavanaugh
- Department of Geography University of California Los Angeles California USA
| | - Carlos F. D. Gurgel
- Institute of Biodiversity & Sustainability NUPEM, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Paulo A. Horta
- Phycology Laboratory Department of Botany, Biological Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina Florianopolis Santa Catarina Brazil
| | - Jorge Assis
- CCMAR ‐ Centre of Marine Sciences University of Algarve Faro Portugal
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Ramos-Tapia I, Nuñez R, Salinas C, Salinas P, Soto J, Paneque M. Study of Wetland Soils of the Salar de Atacama with Different Azonal Vegetative Formations Reveals Changes in the Microbiota Associated with Hygrophile Plant Type on the Soil Surface. Microbiol Spectr 2022;:e0053322. [PMID: 36121227 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00533-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Salar de Atacama is located approximately 55 km south of San Pedro de Atacama in the Antofagasta region, Chile. The high UV irradiation and salt concentration and extreme drought make Salar de Atacama an ideal site to search for novel soil microorganisms with unique properties. Here, we used a metataxonomic approach (16S rRNA V3-V4) to identify and characterize the soil microbiota associated with different surface azonal vegetation formations, including strict hygrophiles (Baccharis juncea, Juncus balticus, and Schoenoplectus americanus), transitional hygrophiles (Distichlis spicata, Lycium humile, and Tessaria absinthioides), and their various combinations. We detected compositional differences among the soil surface microbiota associated with each plant formation in the sampling area. There were changes in soil microbial phylogenetic diversity from the strict to the transitional hygrophiles. Moreover, we found alterations in the abundance of bacterial phyla and genera. Halobacteriota and Actinobacteriota might have facilitated water uptake by the transitional hygrophiles. Our findings helped to elucidate the microbiota of Salar de Atacama and associate them with the strict and transitional hygrophiles indigenous to the region. These findings could be highly relevant to future research on the symbiotic relationships between microbiota and salt-tolerant plants in the face of climate change-induced desertification. IMPORTANCE The study of the composition and diversity of the wetland soil microbiota associated with hygrophilous plants in a desert ecosystem of the high Puna in northern Chile makes it an ideal approach to search for novel extremophilic microorganisms with unique properties. These microorganisms are adapted to survive in ecological niches, such as those with high UV irradiation, extreme drought, and high salt concentration; they can be applied in various fields, such as biotechnology and astrobiology, and industries, including the pharmaceutical, food, agricultural, biofuel, cosmetic, and textile industries. These microorganisms can also be used for ecological conservation and restoration. Extreme ecosystems are a unique biological resource and biodiversity hot spots that play a crucial role in maintaining environmental sustainability. The findings could be highly relevant to future research on the symbiotic relationships between microbiota and extreme-environment-tolerant plants in the face of climate change-induced desertification.
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Jiang (蒋国凤) GF, Li (李溯源) SY, Li (李艺蝉) YC, Roddy AB. Coordination of hydraulic thresholds across roots, stems, and leaves of two co-occurring mangrove species. Plant Physiol 2022; 189:2159-2174. [PMID: 35640109 PMCID: PMC9342987 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Mangroves are frequently inundated with saline water and have evolved different anatomical and physiological mechanisms to filter and, in some species, excrete excess salt from the water they take up. Because salts impose osmotic stress, interspecific differences in salt tolerance and salt management strategy may influence physiological responses to drought throughout the entire plant hydraulic pathway, from roots to leaves. Here, we characterized embolism vulnerability simultaneously in leaves, stems, and roots of seedlings of two mangrove species (Avicennia marina and Bruguiera gymnorrhiza) along with turgor-loss points in roots and leaves and xylem anatomical traits. In both species, the water potentials causing 50% of total embolism were less negative in roots and leaves than they were in stems, but the water potentials causing incipient embolism (5%) were similar in roots, stems, and leaves. Stomatal closure in leaves and turgor loss in both leaves and roots occurred at water potentials only slightly less negative than the water potentials causing 5% of total embolism. Xylem anatomical traits were unrelated to vulnerability to embolism. Vulnerability segmentation may be important in limiting embolism spread into stems from more vulnerable roots and leaves. Interspecific differences in salt tolerance affected hydraulic traits from roots to leaves: the salt-secretor A. marina lost turgor at more negative water potentials and had more embolism-resistant xylem than the salt-excluder B. gymnorrhiza. Characterizing physiological thresholds of roots may help to explain recent mangrove mortality after drought and extended saltwater inundation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Su-Yuan Li (李溯源)
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Yi-Chan Li (李艺蝉)
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
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Saintilan N, Kovalenko KE, Guntenspergen G, Rogers K, Lynch JC, Cahoon DR, Lovelock CE, Friess DA, Ashe E, Krauss KW, Cormier N, Spencer T, Adams J, Raw J, Ibanez C, Scarton F, Temmerman S, Meire P, Maris T, Thorne K, Brazner J, Chmura GL, Bowron T, Gamage VP, Cressman K, Endris C, Marconi C, Marcum P, St Laurent K, Reay W, Raposa KB, Garwood JA, Khan N. Constraints on the adjustment of tidal marshes to accelerating sea level rise. Science 2022; 377:523-527. [PMID: 35901146 DOI: 10.1126/science.abo7872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Much uncertainty exists about the vulnerability of valuable tidal marsh ecosystems to relative sea level rise. Previous assessments of resilience to sea level rise, to which marshes can adjust by sediment accretion and elevation gain, revealed contrasting results, depending on contemporary or Holocene geological data. By analyzing globally distributed contemporary data, we found that marsh sediment accretion increases in parity with sea level rise, seemingly confirming previously claimed marsh resilience. However, subsidence of the substrate shows a nonlinear increase with accretion. As a result, marsh elevation gain is constrained in relation to sea level rise, and deficits emerge that are consistent with Holocene observations of tidal marsh vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Saintilan
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Katya E Kovalenko
- Natural Resources Research Institute, University of Minnesota, Duluth, MN, USA
| | - Glenn Guntenspergen
- US Geological Survey, Eastern Ecological Science Center, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - Kerrylee Rogers
- School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Donald R Cahoon
- US Geological Survey, Eastern Ecological Science Center, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - Catherine E Lovelock
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Daniel A Friess
- Department of Geography, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Erica Ashe
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Ken W Krauss
- US Geological Survey, Wetland and Aquatic Research Center, Lafayette, LA, USA
| | - Nicole Cormier
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Tom Spencer
- Cambridge Coastal Research Unit, Department of Geography, Cambridge University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Janine Adams
- Institute for Coastal and Marine Research and Department of Botany, Nelson Mandela University, Gqeberha, South Africa
| | - Jacqueline Raw
- Institute for Coastal and Marine Research and Department of Botany, Nelson Mandela University, Gqeberha, South Africa
| | - Carles Ibanez
- Eurecat, Unit of Climate Change, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Catalonia, Spain
| | | | | | - Patrick Meire
- Nova Scotia Department of Natural Resources and Renewables, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Tom Maris
- Nova Scotia Department of Natural Resources and Renewables, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Karen Thorne
- US Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research Center, Davis, CA, USA
| | - John Brazner
- Nova Scotia Department of Natural Resources and Renewables, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Gail L Chmura
- Department of Geography, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Vishmie P Gamage
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Charlie Endris
- Moss Landing Marine Labs, California State University, Moss Landing, CA, USA
| | | | - Pamela Marcum
- Guana Tolomato Matanzas National Estuarine Research Reserve, Ponte Vedra Beach, FL, USA
| | - Kari St Laurent
- Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control, Dover, DE, USA
| | - William Reay
- Virginia Institute of Marine Science, Gloucester Point, VA, USA
| | - Kenneth B Raposa
- Narragansett Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve, Prudence Island, RI, USA
| | - Jason A Garwood
- Apalachicola National Estuarine Research Reserve, Eastpoint, FL, USA
| | - Nicole Khan
- Department of Earth Sciences, Swire Institute of Marine Science, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Fujimoto K, Ono K, Tabuchi R, Lihpai S. Findings from long‐term monitoring studies of Micronesian mangrove forests with special reference to carbon sequestration and sea‐level rise. Ecol Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1703.12346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kenji Ono
- Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute Tsukuba Japan
| | - Ryuichi Tabuchi
- Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute Tsukuba Japan
| | - Saimon Lihpai
- Division of Forestry and Marine Enforcement Department of Land, Pohnpei State Government Kolonia Micronesia
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Cai R, Ding R, Yan X, Li C, Sun J, Tan H, Men W, Guo H, Wang C. Adaptive response of Dongzhaigang mangrove in China to future sea level rise. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11495. [PMID: 35798782 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15774-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mangrove forests are valuable intertidal ecosystems that provide coastline protection, biodiversity maintenance, and carbon sequestration. However, their survival is under severe threat from rapidly rising sea levels. In this study, we aimed to investigate the changes in the area of the Dongzhaigang mangrove in China since the 1950s and causes of these changes using literature and remote sensing data. The impact of historical and future sea level rise (SLR) on the mangroves was analyzed using remote sensing data and climate model data under the low, intermediate, and very high greenhouse gas emission scenarios (Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) 2.6, 4.5, and 8.5). The area of the mangrove forests decreased from 3416 to 1711 hm2 during 1956–1988 and remained constant at 1711 hm2 after the 1990s, owing to anthropogenic disturbances such as reclamation and aquaculture before the 1980s and the protection of nature reserve establishment after the 1990s, respectively. Under RCPs 4.5 and 8.5, SLR is expected to cause > 26% of the mangroves to disappear by 2100, whereas under RCP 2.6, only 17% of the mangroves will likely be lost. Biological measures such as reestablishment of ponds as mangrove forests, afforestation, and biological embankment for sediment trapping in coastal wetlands are recommended to enhance the resilience of mangroves to SLR.
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Poppe KL, Rybczyk JM. Assessing the future of an intertidal seagrass meadow in response to sea level rise with a hybrid ecogeomorphic model of elevation change. Ecol Modell 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2022.109975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Osland MJ, Chivoiu B, Enwright NM, Thorne KM, Guntenspergen GR, Grace JB, Dale LL, Brooks W, Herold N, Day JW, Sklar FH, Swarzenzki CM. Migration and transformation of coastal wetlands in response to rising seas. Sci Adv 2022; 8:eabo5174. [PMID: 35767619 PMCID: PMC9242587 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abo5174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Coastal wetlands are not only among the world's most valued ecosystems but also among the most threatened by high greenhouse gas emissions that lead to accelerated sea level rise. There is intense debate regarding the extent to which landward migration of wetlands might compensate for seaward wetland losses. By integrating data from 166 estuaries across the conterminous United States, we show that landward migration of coastal wetlands will transform coastlines but not counter seaward losses. Two-thirds of potential migration is expected to occur at the expense of coastal freshwater wetlands, while the remaining one-third is expected to occur at the expense of valuable uplands, including croplands, forests, pastures, and grasslands. Our analyses underscore the need to better prepare for coastal transformations and net wetland loss due to rising seas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Osland
- U.S. Geological Survey, Wetland and Aquatic Research Center, Lafayette, LA, USA
- Corresponding author.
| | - Bogdan Chivoiu
- Cherokee Nation System Solutions, contracted to the U.S. Geological Survey, Wetland and Aquatic Research Center, Lafayette, LA, USA
| | | | - Karen M. Thorne
- U.S. Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research Center, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | - James B. Grace
- U.S. Geological Survey, Wetland and Aquatic Research Center, Lafayette, LA, USA
| | - Leah L. Dale
- Cherokee Nation System Solutions, contracted to the U.S. Geological Survey, Wetland and Aquatic Research Center, Lafayette, LA, USA
| | - William Brooks
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Office for Coastal Management, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Nate Herold
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Office for Coastal Management, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - John W. Day
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Fred H. Sklar
- South Florida Water Management District, West Palm Beach, FL, USA
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Walker JE, Ankersen T, Barchiesi S, Meyer CK, Altieri AH, Osborne TZ, Angelini C. Governance and the mangrove commons: Advancing the cross-scale, nested framework for the global conservation and wise use of mangroves. J Environ Manage 2022; 312:114823. [PMID: 35313150 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Mangroves provide critical ecosystems services, contributing an estimated 42 billion US dollars to global fisheries, storing 25.5 million tons of carbon per year, and providing flood protection to over 15 million people annually. Yet, they are increasingly threatened by factors ranging from local resource exploitation to global climate change, with an estimated 35% of mangrove forests lost in the past two decades. These threats are difficult to manage due to the intrinsic characteristics of mangrove systems and their provisioning services, and their transboundary and pan-global nature. Due to their unique intertidal ecological niche, mangroves are often treated as a "common pool resource" within national legal frameworks, making them particularly susceptible to exploitation. Moreover, they form ecological connections through numerous biotic and abiotic processes that cross political boundaries. Because of these qualities a cross-scale nested framework of international, regional, and local coordination is necessary to successfully sustain mangrove ecosystems and their valuable services. Although coordination across the geopolitical spectrum is often cited as a need for effective management of common resources such as mangroves, there has been no formal analysis of mangrove multiscale governance. In this paper we address this gap by providing a comprehensive analysis of interactions between and within international, regional, and local mangrove management regimes and examine the challenges and opportunities such multiscale governance frameworks present. We highlight Costa Rica as a case study to demonstrate the universal relevance and potential of multi-scale governance and explore its downscale potential. Using Elinor Ostrom's principles for self-governance of the commons as our touchstone, we identify where improvements to the status quo could be implemented to increase its effectiveness of the current frameworks to meet the ongoing challenge of managing mangrove-derived resources and services in the face of a changing climate and human needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie E Walker
- School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32603, USA; Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience, University of Florida, St. Augustine, FL, 32080, USA; St. Mary's College of Maryland, St. Mary's City, MD, 20686, USA.
| | - Thomas Ankersen
- Levin College of Law, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32603, USA
| | - Stefano Barchiesi
- School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32603, USA
| | - Courtney K Meyer
- Levin College of Law, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32603, USA
| | - Andrew H Altieri
- Environmental Engineering Sciences, Center for Coastal Solutions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32603, USA
| | - Todd Z Osborne
- Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience, University of Florida, St. Augustine, FL, 32080, USA
| | - Christine Angelini
- Environmental Engineering Sciences, Center for Coastal Solutions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32603, USA
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He Z, Feng X, Chen Q, Li L, Li S, Han K, Guo Z, Wang J, Liu M, Shi C, Xu S, Shao S, Liu X, Mao X, Xie W, Wang X, Zhang R, Li G, Wu W, Zheng Z, Zhong C, Duke NC, Boufford DE, Fan G, Wu CI, Ricklefs RE, Shi S. Evolution of coastal forests based on a full set of mangrove genomes. Nat Ecol Evol 2022; 6:738-49. [PMID: 35484219 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-022-01744-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Genomic studies are now poised to explore whole communities of species. The ~70 species of woody plants that anchor the coastal ecosystems of the tropics, collectively referred to as mangroves, are particularly suited to this exploration. In this study, we de novo sequenced the whole genomes of 32 mangroves, which we combined with other sequences of 30 additional species, comprising almost all mangroves globally. These community-wide genomic data will be valuable for ecology, evolution and biodiversity research. While the data revealed 27 independent origins of mangroves, the total phylogeny shows only modest increases in species number, even in coastal areas of active speciation, suggesting that mangrove extinction is common. A possible explanation for common extinction is the frequent sea-level rises and falls (SLRs and SLFs) documented in the geological record. Indeed, near-extinctions of species with extremely small population size (N) often happened during periods of rapid SLR, as revealed by the genome-wide heterozygosity of almost all mangroves. Reduction in N has possibly been further compounded by population fragmentation and the subsequent accumulation of deleterious mutations, thus pushing mangroves even closer to extinction. Crucially, the impact of the next SLR will be exacerbated by human encroachment into these mangrove habitats, potentially altering the ecosystems of tropical coasts irreversibly.
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Daly P, Feener RM, Ishikawa N, Mujah I, Irawani M, Hegyi A, Baranyai K, Majewski J, Horton B. Challenges of Managing Maritime Cultural Heritage in Asia in the Face of Climate Change. Climate 2022; 10:79. [DOI: 10.3390/cli10060079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Changing weather patterns, increasing frequency and intensity of natural hazards, and rising sea levels associated with global climate change have the potential to threaten cultural heritage sites worldwide. This is especially the case for maritime heritage sites located in the low-lying coastal and delta regions of Asia. Maritime heritage can reflect both highly localized cultural products based on the coupling of people and maritime environments and the historic footprints of complex maritime networks that connect people, ideas, and material over vast distances, creating unique cultural spheres. Furthermore, maritime heritage sites potentially serve as or contain records of how past societies have been impacted by and adapted to past environmental stress. Therefore, their degradation threatens local/regional/global cultural patrimony as well as evidence of human resilience and fragility in the face of environmental change. This makes a strong case for urgent preservation. However, the possible damage caused by climate change and the scale of vulnerable maritime heritage pose seemingly insurmountable challenges. In this paper, we present the ways in which maritime heritage sites across Asia are vulnerable to environmental stresses, such as changing sea levels, coastal erosion, flooding, and storm surges. Our objective is to draw upon our experience documenting endangered cultural heritage across South and Southeast Asia to illustrate that there are unique conceptual and practical characteristics of maritime heritage that complicate effective management and conservation efforts on the scale required to prevent massive loss by climate change. We conclude by stressing the need to reconceptualize debates about the custody and stewardship of maritime heritage and the urgency of employing a wide range of innovative preservation solutions to ensure maritime patrimony is not lost to the rising tides.
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Murray NJ, Worthington TA, Bunting P, Duce S, Hagger V, Lovelock CE, Lucas R, Saunders MI, Sheaves M, Spalding M, Waltham NJ, Lyons MB. High-resolution mapping of losses and gains of Earth's tidal wetlands. Science 2022; 376:744-749. [PMID: 35549414 DOI: 10.1126/science.abm9583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Tidal wetlands are expected to respond dynamically to global environmental change, but the extent to which wetland losses have been offset by gains remains poorly understood. We developed a global analysis of satellite data to simultaneously monitor change in three highly interconnected intertidal ecosystem types-tidal flats, tidal marshes, and mangroves-from 1999 to 2019. Globally, 13,700 square kilometers of tidal wetlands have been lost, but these have been substantially offset by gains of 9700 km2, leading to a net change of -4000 km2 over two decades. We found that 27% of these losses and gains were associated with direct human activities such as conversion to agriculture and restoration of lost wetlands. All other changes were attributed to indirect drivers, including the effects of coastal processes and climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Murray
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
| | - Thomas A Worthington
- Conservation Science Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Pete Bunting
- Department of Geography and Earth Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, Wales, UK
| | - Stephanie Duce
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
| | - Valerie Hagger
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Catherine E Lovelock
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Richard Lucas
- Department of Geography and Earth Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, Wales, UK
| | - Megan I Saunders
- Coasts and Ocean Research Program, CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, St. Lucia, Australia
| | - Marcus Sheaves
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
| | - Mark Spalding
- The Nature Conservancy, Department of Physical, Earth, and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Nathan J Waltham
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia.,TropWATER, Centre for Tropical Water and Aquatic Ecosystem Research, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
| | - Mitchell B Lyons
- Centre for Ecosystem Science, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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Osland MJ, Hughes AR, Armitage AR, Scyphers SB, Cebrian J, Swinea SH, Shepard CC, Allen MS, Feher LC, Nelson JA, O'Brien CL, Sanspree CR, Smee DL, Snyder CM, Stetter AP, Stevens PW, Swanson KM, Williams LH, Brush JM, Marchionno J, Bardou R. The impacts of mangrove range expansion on wetland ecosystem services in the southeastern United States: Current understanding, knowledge gaps, and emerging research needs. Glob Chang Biol 2022; 28:3163-3187. [PMID: 35100489 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is transforming ecosystems and affecting ecosystem goods and services. Along the Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic coasts of the southeastern United States, the frequency and intensity of extreme freeze events greatly influence whether coastal wetlands are dominated by freeze-sensitive woody plants (mangrove forests) or freeze-tolerant grass-like plants (salt marshes). In response to warming winters, mangroves have been expanding and displacing salt marshes at varying degrees of severity in parts of north Florida, Louisiana, and Texas. As winter warming accelerates, mangrove range expansion is expected to increasingly modify wetland ecosystem structure and function. Because there are differences in the ecological and societal benefits that salt marshes and mangroves provide, coastal environmental managers are challenged to anticipate the effects of mangrove expansion on critical wetland ecosystem services, including those related to carbon sequestration, wildlife habitat, storm protection, erosion reduction, water purification, fisheries support, and recreation. Mangrove range expansion may also affect wetland stability in the face of extreme climatic events and rising sea levels. Here, we review the current understanding of the effects of mangrove range expansion and displacement of salt marshes on wetland ecosystem services in the southeastern United States. We also identify critical knowledge gaps and emerging research needs regarding the ecological and societal implications of salt marsh displacement by expanding mangrove forests. One consistent theme throughout our review is that there are ecological trade-offs for consideration by coastal managers. Mangrove expansion and marsh displacement can produce beneficial changes in some ecosystem services, while simultaneously producing detrimental changes in other services. Thus, there can be local-scale differences in perceptions of the impacts of mangrove expansion into salt marshes. For very specific local reasons, some individuals may see mangrove expansion as a positive change to be embraced, while others may see mangrove expansion as a negative change to be constrained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Osland
- Wetland and Aquatic Research Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Lafayette, Louisiana, USA
| | - A Randall Hughes
- Northeastern University Marine Science Center, Nahant, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anna R Armitage
- Department of Marine Biology, Texas A&M University at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Steven B Scyphers
- Northeastern University Marine Science Center, Nahant, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Just Cebrian
- Northern Gulf Institute, Mississippi State University, Stennis Space Center, Mississippi, USA
| | - Savannah H Swinea
- Northeastern University Marine Science Center, Nahant, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | - Laura C Feher
- Wetland and Aquatic Research Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Lafayette, Louisiana, USA
| | - James A Nelson
- University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, Louisiana, USA
| | | | | | | | - Caitlin M Snyder
- Apalachicola National Estuarine Research Reserve, Eastpoint, Florida, USA
| | | | - Philip W Stevens
- Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, Fish and Wildlife Research Institute, St. Petersburg, Florida, USA
| | - Kathleen M Swanson
- Mission-Aransas National Estuarine Research Reserve, Port Aransas, Texas, USA
| | | | - Janell M Brush
- Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, Fish and Wildlife Research Institute, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Joseph Marchionno
- Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, Fish and Wildlife Research Institute, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Rémi Bardou
- Northeastern University Marine Science Center, Nahant, Massachusetts, USA
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Palit K, Rath S, Chatterjee S, Das S. Microbial diversity and ecological interactions of microorganisms in the mangrove ecosystem: Threats, vulnerability, and adaptations. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:32467-32512. [PMID: 35182344 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19048-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Mangroves are among the world's most productive ecosystems and a part of the "blue carbon" sink. They act as a connection between the terrestrial and marine ecosystems, providing habitat to countless organisms. Among these, microorganisms (e.g., bacteria, archaea, fungi, phytoplankton, and protozoa) play a crucial role in this ecosystem. Microbial cycling of major nutrients (carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur) helps maintain the high productivity of this ecosystem. However, mangrove ecosystems are being disturbed by the increasing concentration of greenhouse gases within the atmosphere. Both the anthropogenic and natural factors contribute to the upsurge of greenhouse gas concentration, resulting in global warming. Changing climate due to global warming and the increasing rate of human interferences such as pollution and deforestation are significant concerns for the mangrove ecosystem. Mangroves are susceptible to such environmental perturbations. Global warming, human interventions, and its consequences are destroying the ecosystem, and the dreadful impacts are experienced worldwide. Therefore, the conservation of mangrove ecosystems is necessary for protecting them from the changing environment-a step toward preserving the globe for better living. This review highlights the importance of mangroves and their microbial components on a global scale and the degree of vulnerability of the ecosystems toward anthropic and climate change factors. The future scenario of the mangrove ecosystem and the resilience of plants and microbes have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Palit
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Ecology (LEnME), Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Sonalin Rath
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Ecology (LEnME), Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Shreosi Chatterjee
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Ecology (LEnME), Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Surajit Das
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Ecology (LEnME), Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, 769008, Odisha, India.
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45
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Chen J, Huang Y, Chen G, Zhu H, Qiu Y, Ye Y. Effect of site elevation and soil depth on the biomass and CNP stocks of roots in planted
Kandelia obovata
mangrove forests. Restor Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.13712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Chen
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University Xiamen Fujian China
| | - Yingying Huang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University Xiamen Fujian China
| | - Guangcheng Chen
- Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources Xiamen Fujian China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecological Conservation and Restoration, Ministry of Natural Resources Xiamen Fujian China
| | - Heng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University Xiamen Fujian China
| | - Yue Qiu
- Xiamen Ocean Vocational College Xiamen Fujian China
| | - Yong Ye
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University Xiamen Fujian China
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Rodríguez-zúñiga MT, Troche-souza C, Cruz-lópez MI, Rivera-monroy VH. Development and Structural Organization of Mexico’s Mangrove Monitoring System (SMMM) as a Foundation for Conservation and Restoration Initiatives: A Hierarchical Approach. Forests 2022; 13:621. [DOI: 10.3390/f13040621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Mangroves provide ecosystem services worth billions of dollars worldwide. Although countries with extensive mangrove areas implemented management and conservation programs since the 1980s, the global area is still decreasing. To recuperate this lost area, both restoration and rehabilitation (R/R) projects have been implemented but with limited success, especially at spatial scales needed to restore functional properties. Monitoring mangroves at different spatial scales in the long term (decades) is critical to detect potential threats and select cost-effective management criteria and performance measures to improve R/R program success. Here, we analyze the origin, development, implementation, and outcomes of a country-level mangrove monitoring system in the Neotropics covering >9000 km2 over 15 years. The Mexico’s Mangrove Monitoring System (SMMM) considers a spatiotemporal hierarchical approach as a conceptual framework where remote sensing is a key component. We analyze the role of the SMMM’s remote sensing products as a “hub” of multi- and interdisciplinary ecological and social-ecological studies to develop national priorities and inform local and regional mangrove management decisions. We propose that the SMMM products, outcomes, and lessons learned can be used as a blueprint in other developing countries where cost-effective R/R projects are planned as part of mangrove protection, conservation, and management programs.
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Bhowmik AK, Padmanaban R, Cabral P, Romeiras MM. Global Mangrove Deforestation and Its Interacting Social-Ecological Drivers: A Systematic Review and Synthesis. Sustainability 2022; 14:4433. [DOI: 10.3390/su14084433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Globally, mangrove forests are substantially declining, and a globally synthesized database containing the drivers of deforestation and drivers’ interactions is scarce. Here, we synthesized the key social-ecological drivers of global mangrove deforestation by reviewing about two hundred published scientific studies over the last four decades (from 1980 to 2021). Our focus was on both natural and anthropogenic drivers with their gradual and abrupt impacts and on their geographic coverage of effects, and how these drivers interact. We also summarized the patterns of global mangrove coverage decline between 1990 and 2020 and identified the threatened mangrove species. Our consolidated studies reported an 8600 km2 decline in the global mangrove coverage between 1990 and 2020, with the highest decline occurring in South and Southeast Asia (3870 km2). We could identify 11 threatened mangrove species, two of which are critically endangered (Sonneratia griffithii and Bruguiera hainseii). Our reviewed studies pointed to aquaculture and agriculture as the predominant driver of global mangrove deforestation though their impacts varied across global regions. Gradual climate variations, i.e., sea-level rise, long-term precipitation, and temperature changes and driven coastline erosion, salinity intrusion and acidity at coasts, constitute the second major group of drivers. Our findings underline a strong interaction across natural and anthropogenic drivers, with the strongest interaction between the driver groups aquaculture and agriculture and industrialization and pollution. Our results suggest prioritizing globally coordinated empirical studies linking drivers and mangrove deforestation and global development of policies for mangrove conservation.
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Dong L, Cao J, Liu X. Recent Developments in Sea-Level Rise and Its Related Geological Disasters Mitigation: A Review. JMSE 2022; 10:355. [DOI: 10.3390/jmse10030355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
With the rapid development of urbanization around the world, the sea-level-rise problem is gaining more and more attention in the 21st century. Sea-level rise is the result of a combination of climate-related factors, structural factors and human activities. Recent studies related to the contributions of these factors to sea-level rise are reviewed and analyzed in this paper. The results suggest that the melting of glaciers and ice sheets have contributed the most to sea-level rise and will continue to be the dominant factor in sea-level rise for the following decades. As sea-level rise becomes an increasingly serious problem, geological disasters related to sea-level rise are also gaining more attention. To better understand the effect of sea-level rise on geological disasters, relevant issues including storm surges, seawater intrusion, the loss of coastal wetland, seismicity, seismic liquefaction and submarine mass failure are further reviewed and highlighted. In response to the risks of those disasters caused by sea-level rise, some disaster mitigation measures are proposed, and in the end, the quantitative disaster assessment concept based on resilience is introduced to the coastal urban system, to assess its ability to resist and recover from geological disasters due to the sea-level rise.
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Xie D, Schwarz C, Kleinhans MG, Zhou Z, van Maanen B. Implications of Coastal Conditions and Sea-Level Rise on Mangrove Vulnerability: A Bio-Morphodynamic Modeling Study. J Geophys Res Earth Surf 2022; 127:e2021JF006301. [PMID: 35860814 PMCID: PMC9285630 DOI: 10.1029/2021jf006301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Mangrove forests are valuable coastal ecosystems that have been shown to persist on muddy intertidal flats through bio-morphodynamic feedbacks. However, the role of coastal conditions on mangrove behavior remains uncertain. This study conducts numerical experiments to systematically explore the effects of tidal range, small wind waves, sediment supply and coastal slope on mangrove development under sea-level rise (SLR). Our results show that mangroves in micro-tidal conditions are more vulnerable because of the gentler coastal equilibrium slope and the limited ability to capture sediment, which leads to substantial mangrove landward displacement even under slow SLR. Macro-tidal conditions with large sediment supply promote accretion along the profile and platform formation, reducing mangrove vulnerability for slow and medium SLR, but still cause rapid mangrove retreat under fast SLR. Small wind waves promote sediment accretion, and exert an extra bed shear stress that confines the mangrove forest to higher elevations with more favorable inundation regimes, offsetting SLR impacts. These processes also have important implications for the development of new landward habitats under SLR. In particular, our experiments show that landward habitat can be created even with limited sediment supply and thus without complete infilling of the available accommodation space. Nevertheless, new accommodation space may be filled over time with sediment originating from erosion of the lower coastal profile. Consistent with field data, model simulations indicate that sediment accretion within the forest can accelerate under SLR, but the timing and magnitude of accretion depend non-linearly on coastal conditions and distance from the mangrove seaward edge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danghan Xie
- Faculty of GeosciencesUtrecht UniversityUtrechtNetherlands
| | - Christian Schwarz
- Department of Civil EngineeringHydraulics and GeotechnicsKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
- Department of Earth and Environmental SciencesKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | | | - Zeng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Hydrology‐Water Resources and Hydraulic EngineeringHohai UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Barend van Maanen
- College of Life and Environmental SciencesUniversity of ExeterExeterUK
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Thomson T, Fusi M, Bennett-Smith MF, Prinz N, Aylagas E, Carvalho S, Lovelock CE, Jones BH, Ellis JI. Contrasting Effects of Local Environmental and Biogeographic Factors on the Composition and Structure of Bacterial Communities in Arid Monospecific Mangrove Soils. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0090321. [PMID: 34985338 PMCID: PMC8729789 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00903-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mangrove forests are important biotic sinks of atmospheric CO2 and play an integral role in nutrient-cycling and decontamination of coastal waters, thereby mitigating climatic and anthropogenic stressors. These services are primarily regulated by the activity of the soil microbiome. To understand how environmental changes may affect this vital part of the ecosystem, it is key to understand the patterns that drive microbial community assembly in mangrove forest soils. High-throughput amplicon sequencing (16S rRNA) was applied on samples from arid Avicennia marina forests across different spatial scales from local to regional. Alongside conventional analyses of community ecology, microbial co-occurrence networks were assessed to investigate differences in composition and structure of the bacterial community. The bacterial community composition varied more strongly along an intertidal gradient within each mangrove forest, than between forests in different geographic regions (Australia/Saudi Arabia). In contrast, co-occurrence networks differed primarily between geographic regions, illustrating that the structure of the bacterial community is not necessarily linked to its composition. The local diversity in mangrove forest soils may have important implications for the quantification of biogeochemical processes and is important to consider when planning restoration activities. IMPORTANCE Mangrove ecosystems are increasingly being recognized for their potential to sequester atmospheric carbon, thereby mitigating the effects of anthropogenically driven greenhouse gas emissions. The bacterial community in the soils plays an important role in the breakdown and recycling of carbon and other nutrients. To assess and predict changes in carbon storage, it is important to understand how the bacterial community is shaped by its environment. Here, we compared the bacterial communities of mangrove forests on different spatial scales, from local within-forest to biogeographic comparisons. The bacterial community composition differed more between distinct intertidal zones of the same forest than between forests in distant geographic regions. The calculated network structure of theoretically interacting bacteria, however, differed most between the geographic regions. Our findings highlight the importance of local environmental factors in shaping the microbial soil community in mangroves and highlight a disconnect between community composition and structure in microbial soil assemblages.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Thomson
- University of Waikato, School of Science, Tauranga, New Zealand
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - M. Fusi
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - M. F. Bennett-Smith
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - N. Prinz
- University of Waikato, School of Science, Tauranga, New Zealand
| | - E. Aylagas
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - S. Carvalho
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - C. E. Lovelock
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucida, Australia
| | - B. H. Jones
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - J. I. Ellis
- University of Waikato, School of Science, Tauranga, New Zealand
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
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