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Ude CC, Shamsul BS, Ng MH, Chen HC, Ohnmar H, Amaramalar SN, Rizal AR, Johan A, Norhamdan MY, Azizi M, Aminuddin BS, Ruszymah BHI. Long-term evaluation of osteoarthritis sheep knee, treated with TGF-β3 and BMP-6 induced multipotent stem cells. Exp Gerontol 2018; 104:43-51. [PMID: 29421350 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2018.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyaline articular cartilage, which protects the bones of diarthrodial joints from forces associated with load bearing, frictions, and impacts has very limited capacities for self-repair. Over the years, the trend of treatments has shifted to regenerations and researchers have been on the quest for a lasting regeneration. We evaluated the treatment of osteoarthritis by chondrogenically induced ADSCs and BMSCs for a long time functional recovery. METHODS Osteoarthritis was induced at the right knee of sheep by complete resection of ACL and medial meniscus. Stem cells from sheep were induced to chondrogenic lineage. Test sheep received 5 mls single doses of 2 × 107 autologous PKH26-labelled ADSCs or BMSCs, while controls received basal medium. Functional recovery of the knees was evaluated via electromyography. RESULTS Induced ADSCs had 625, 255, 393, 908, 409, 157 and 1062 folds increases of collagen I, collagen II, aggrecan, SOX9, cartilage oligomeric protein, chondroadherin and fibromodullin compare to uninduced cells, while BMSCs had 702, 657, 321, 276, 337, 233 and 1163 respectively; p = .001. Immunocytochemistry was positive for these chondrogenic markers. 12 months post-treatment, controls scored 4 in most regions using ICRS, while the treated had 8; P = .001. Regenerated cartilages were positive to PKH26 and demonstrated the presence of condensing cartilages on haematoxylin and eosin; and Safranin O. OA degenerations caused significant amplitude shift from right to left hind limb. After treatments, controls persisted with significant decreases; while treated samples regained balance. CONCLUSIONS Both ADSCs and BMSCs had increased chondrogenic gene expressions using TGF-β3 and BMP-6. The treated knees had improved cartilage scores; PKH26 can provide elongated tracking, while EMG results revealed improved joint recoveries. These could be suitable therapies for osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Ude
- Tissue Engineering Centre, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras 56000, K.L, Malaysia; Bioartificial Organ and Regenerative Medicine Unit, National Defence University of Malaysia, Sungai Besi Camp 57000, K.L, Malaysia
| | - B S Shamsul
- Tissue Engineering Centre, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras 56000, K.L, Malaysia
| | - M H Ng
- Tissue Engineering Centre, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras 56000, K.L, Malaysia
| | - H C Chen
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia.
| | - Htwe Ohnmar
- Rehab Unit, Department of Orthopedic & Traumatology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Center, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras 56000, K.L, Malaysia
| | - S N Amaramalar
- Rehab Unit, Department of Orthopedic & Traumatology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Center, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras 56000, K.L, Malaysia
| | - A R Rizal
- Department of Orthopedic & Traumatology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Center, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras 56000, K.L, Malaysia.
| | - A Johan
- Department of Orthopedic & Traumatology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Center, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras 56000, K.L, Malaysia
| | - M Y Norhamdan
- Department of Orthopedic & Traumatology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Center, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras 56000, K.L, Malaysia
| | - M Azizi
- Bioartificial Organ and Regenerative Medicine Unit, National Defence University of Malaysia, Sungai Besi Camp 57000, K.L, Malaysia
| | - B S Aminuddin
- Tissue Engineering Centre, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras 56000, K.L, Malaysia; ENT Consultant Clinic, Ampang Putri Specialist Hospital, 68000 Ampang, Malaysia
| | - B H I Ruszymah
- Tissue Engineering Centre, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras 56000, K.L, Malaysia; Department of Physiology, Medical Faculty, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif Bandar Tun Razak Muda Abdul Aziz, Campus, 56000 K.L, Malaysia..
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Ude CC, Chen HC, Norhamdan MY, Azizi BM, Aminuddin BS, Ruszymah BHI. The evaluation of cartilage differentiations using transforming growth factor beta3 alone and with combination of bone morphogenetic protein-6 on adult stem cells. Cell Tissue Bank 2017; 18:355-367. [PMID: 28667462 DOI: 10.1007/s10561-017-9638-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In our quest to standardize our formula for a clinical trial, transforming growth factor-beta3 (TGF-β3) alone and in combination with bone morphogenetic protein-6 (BMP-6) were evaluated for their effectiveness in cartilage differentiation. Bone Marrow Stem Cells (BMSCs) and Adipose Derived Stem Cells (ADSCs) were induced to chondrogenic lineage using two different media. Native chondrocytes served as positive control. ADSCs and BMSCs proved multipotency by tri-lineage differentiations. ADSC has significantly higher growth kinetics compare to Chondrocyte only p ≤ 0.05. Using TGF-β3 alone, BMSC revealed higher expressions for hyaline cartilage genes compare to ADSCs. Chondrocyte has significantly higher early chondrogenic markers expression to ADSCs and BMSCs, while BMSCs was only higher to ADSC at chondroadherin, p ≤ 0.0001. On mature chondrogenic markers, chondrocytes were significantly higher to ADSCs and BMSCs for aggrecan, collagen IX, sry (sex determining region y)-box9, collagen II and fibromodullin; and only to ADSC for collagen XI. BMSC was higher to ADSC for aggrecan and collagen IX, p ≤ 0.0001. The combination of TGF-β3 + BMP-6 revealed increased gene expressions on both BMSCs and ADSCs for early and mature chondrogenic markers, but no significance difference. For dedifferentiation markers, ADSC was significantly higher to chondrocyte for collagen I. Glycosaminoglycan evaluations with both formulas revealed that chondrocytes were significantly higher to ADSCs and BMSCs, but none was significant to each other, p ≤ 0.0001. Combination of 10 ng TGF-β3 with 10 ng of BMP-6 enhanced chondrogenic potentials of BMSCs and ADSCs compare to TGF-β3 alone. This could be the ideal cocktail for either cell's chondrogenic induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Ude
- Bioartificial Organ and Regenerative Medicine Unit, National Defence University of Malaysia, Sungai Besi, Camp, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - H C Chen
- Department of Clinical Veterinary, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - M Y Norhamdan
- Department of Orthopedic and Traumatology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Center, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - B M Azizi
- Bioartificial Organ and Regenerative Medicine Unit, National Defence University of Malaysia, Sungai Besi, Camp, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - B S Aminuddin
- Tissue Engineering Centre, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,ENT Consultant Clinic, Ampang Putri Specialist Hospital, 68000, Ampang, Malaysia
| | - B H I Ruszymah
- Tissue Engineering Centre, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. .,Department of Physiology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Fauzi MB, Lokanathan Y, Aminuddin BS, Ruszymah BHI, Chowdhury SR. Ovine tendon collagen: Extraction, characterisation and fabrication of thin films for tissue engineering applications. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl 2016; 68:163-171. [PMID: 27524008 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.05.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2016] [Revised: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Collagen is the most abundant extracellular matrix (ECM) protein in the human body, thus widely used in tissue engineering and subsequent clinical applications. This study aimed to extract collagen from ovine (Ovis aries) Achilles tendon (OTC), and to evaluate its physicochemical properties and its potential to fabricate thin film with collagen fibrils in a random or aligned orientation. Acid-solubilized protein was extracted from ovine Achilles tendon using 0.35M acetic acid, and 80% of extracted protein was measured as collagen. SDS-PAGE and mass spectrometry analysis revealed the presence of alpha 1 and alpha 2 chain of collagen type I (col I). Further analysis with Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) confirms the presence of triple helix structure of col I, similar to commercially available rat tail col I. Drying the OTC solution at 37°C resulted in formation of a thin film with randomly orientated collagen fibrils (random collagen film; RCF). Introduction of unidirectional mechanical intervention using a platform rocker prior to drying facilitated the fabrication of a film with aligned orientation of collagen fibril (aligned collagen film; ACF). It was shown that both RCF and ACF significantly enhanced human dermal fibroblast (HDF) attachment and proliferation than that on plastic surface. Moreover, cells were distributed randomly on RCF, but aligned with the direction of mechanical intervention on ACF. In conclusion, ovine tendon could be an alternative source of col I to fabricate scaffold for tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- M B Fauzi
- Tissue Engineering Centre, UKM Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latiff, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Y Lokanathan
- Tissue Engineering Centre, UKM Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latiff, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - B S Aminuddin
- Tissue Engineering Centre, UKM Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latiff, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Ear, Nose & Throat Consultant Clinic, Ampang Puteri Specialist Hospital, Taman Dato Ahmad Razali, 68000 Ampang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - B H I Ruszymah
- Tissue Engineering Centre, UKM Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latiff, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Physiology, UKM Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latiff, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - S R Chowdhury
- Tissue Engineering Centre, UKM Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latiff, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Rabiatul AR, Lokanathan Y, Rohaina CM, Chowdhury SR, Aminuddin BS, Ruszymah BHI. Surface modification of electrospun poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) nanofibers for the development of in vitro respiratory epithelium model. J Biomater Sci Polym Ed 2015; 26:1297-311. [PMID: 26335265 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2015.1088183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Scaffold design is an important aspect of in vitro model development. In this study, nanoscaffold surface modification, namely UV radiation and genipin cross-linking to immobilize collagen on the surface of electrospun poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) nanofiber sheet was investigated. Samples were divided into four groups; PMMA nanofibers (PMMA), collagen-coated PMMA nanofibers (PMMACOL), genipin cross-linked collagen-coated PMMA nanofibers (PMMAGEN), and UV-irradiated collagen-coated PMMA nanofibers (PMMAUV). 6 h of UV radiation significantly reduced the hydrophobicity of PMMA nanofibers from (131.88° ± 1.33°) to (110.04° ± 0.27°) (p < 0.05). The amount of collagen immobilized was significantly higher in PMMAGEN group (239.36 ± 16.63 μg collagen/mg nanofibers) (p < 0.05) compared to the other groups. RECs on all scaffold expressed epithelial cell-specific markers (CK18 and CK14), mucin-producing cell marker (MUC5Ac) and were actively proliferating, based on the positive expression of Ki67. Total number of attached cells was significantly the highest in PMMAUV group on day 9 (6.44 × 10(4) ± 2.77 × 10(4) cells/cm(2)) and it has the highest proliferation rate from day 4 to 9 (0.005 ± 0.003 h(-1)) compared to the other groups. Even though PMMAGEN group showed the highest collagen adsorption, in terms of cells attachment and proliferation, PMMAUV group showed a better outcome compared to the other groups. Thus, PMMAUV scaffold is more suitable to be used in the construction of in vitro respiratory epithelial model.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Rabiatul
- a Tissue Engineering Centre, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre , Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - Y Lokanathan
- a Tissue Engineering Centre, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre , Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - C M Rohaina
- a Tissue Engineering Centre, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre , Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - S R Chowdhury
- a Tissue Engineering Centre, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre , Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - B S Aminuddin
- b Ear, Nose and Throat Consultant Clinic, Ampang Puteri Specialist Hospital , Ampang , Selangor , Malaysia
| | - B H I Ruszymah
- a Tissue Engineering Centre, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre , Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia.,c Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology , Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
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Shamsul BS, Tan KK, Chen HC, Aminuddin BS, Ruszymah BHI. Posterolateral spinal fusion with ostegenesis induced BMSC seeded TCP/HA in a sheep model. Tissue Cell 2014; 46:152-8. [PMID: 24630213 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2014.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Revised: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Autogenous bone graft is the gold standard for fusion procedure. However, pain at donor site and inconsistent outcome have left a surgeon to venture into some other technique for spinal fusion. The objective of this study was to determine whether osteogenesis induced bone marrow stem cells with the combination of ceramics granules (HA or TCP/HA), and fibrin could serve as an alternative to generate spinal fusion. The sheep's bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were aspirated form iliac crest and cultured for several passages until confluence. BMSCs were trypsinized and seeded on hydroxyapatite scaffold (HA) and tricalcium phosphate/hydroxyapatite (TCP/HA) for further osteogenic differentiation in the osteogenic medium one week before implantation. Six adult sheep underwent three-level, bilateral, posterolateral intertransverse process fusions at L1-L6. Three fusion sites in each animal were assigned to three treatments: (a) HA constructs group/L1-L2, (b) TCP/HA constructs group/L2-L3, and (c) autogenous bone graft group/L5-L6. The spinal fusion segments were evaluated using radiography, manual palpation, histological analysis and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 12 weeks post implantation. The TCP/HA constructs achieved superior lumbar intertransverse fusion compared to HA construct but autogenous bone graft still produced the best fusion among all.
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Affiliation(s)
- B S Shamsul
- Tissue Engineering Centre, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Malaysia
| | - K K Tan
- Orthopedic and Spinal Surgery Consultant Clinic, Johor Specialist Hospital, Malaysia
| | - H C Chen
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia
| | - B S Aminuddin
- Ear, Nose & Throat Consultant Clinic, Ampang Puteri Specialist Hospital, Malaysia; Tissue Engineering Centre, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Malaysia
| | - B H I Ruszymah
- Tissue Engineering Centre, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Malaysia; Department of Physiology, Medical Faculty Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia.
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Chowdhury SR, Aminuddin BS, Ruszymah BHI. Effect of supplementation of dermal fibroblasts conditioned medium on expansion of keratinocytes through enhancing attachment. Indian J Exp Biol 2012; 50:332-339. [PMID: 22803323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In the present study in vitro expansion of human keratinocytes by supplementing dermal fibroblasts conditioned medium (DFCM) has been reported. Effect of two different DFCM acquired by culturing fibroblasts in keratinocyte-specific medium (defined keratinocytes serum free medium, DFCM-DKSFM) and fibroblast-specific serum free medium (F12: DMEM nutrient mix, DFCM-FD) have been compared. Growth kinetics of keratinocytes in terms of efficiency of cell attachment, expansion index, apparent specific growth rate and growth potential at the end of culture was evaluated in culture supplemented with DFCM-DKSFM and DFCM-FD in comparison with control i.e. DKSFM only. Results indicated that supplementation of DFCM caused significant increase in keratinocyte attachment. Efficiency of keratinocyte attachment in culture supplemented with bFCM-DKSFM was significantly higher compared to those cultured in DFCM-FD and DKSFM. In addition, the expansion index of keratinocytes in cultures supplemented with DFCM-DKSFM and DFCM-FD were 3.7 and 2.2 times higher than that of control condition even though the apparent growth rate and proliferative potential was found significantly lower. These results suggested that supplementation of DFCM enhanced expansion of keratinocyte by increasing efficiency of cell attachment, and DFCM-DKSFM provided suitable condition for in vitro expansion of keratinocytes compared to DFCM-FD and control condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Chowdhury
- Tissue Engineering Centre, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (National University of Malaysia) Medical Centre Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Ruszymah BHI, Izham BAA, Heikal MYM, Khor SF, Fauzi MB, Aminuddin BS. Human respiratory epithelial cells from nasal turbinate expressed stem cell genes even after serial passaging. Med J Malaysia 2011; 66:440-442. [PMID: 22390097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Current development in the field of tissue engineering led to the idea of repairing and regenerating the respiratory airway through in vitro reconstruction using autologous respiratory epithelial (RE). To ensure the capability of proliferation, the stem cell property of RE cells from the nasal turbinate should be evaluated. Respiratory epithelial cells from six human nasal turbinates were harvested and cultured in vitro. The gene expression of FZD-9 and BST-1 were expressed in passage 2 (P2) and passage 4 (P4). The levels of expression were not significant between both passages. The RE cells exhibit the stem cell properties, which remains even after serial passaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- B H I Ruszymah
- Tissue Engineering Centre, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Ishak MF, Chua KH, Asma A, Saim L, Aminuddin BS, Ruszymah BHI, Goh BS. Stem cell genes are poorly expressed in chondrocytes from microtic cartilage. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2011; 75:835-40. [PMID: 21543123 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2011.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2011] [Revised: 03/23/2011] [Accepted: 03/24/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study was aimed to see the difference between chondrocytes from normal cartilage compared to chondrocytes from microtic cartilage. Specific attentions were to characterize the growth of chondrocytes in terms of cell morphology, growth profile and RT-PCR analysis. STUDY DESIGN Laboratory experiment using auricular chondrocytes. METHODS Chondrocytes were isolated from normal and microtic human auricular cartilage after ear reconstructive surgeries carried out at the Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre. Chondrocytes were cultured in vitro and subcultured until passage 4. Upon confluency, cultured chondrocytes at each passage (P1, P2, P3 and P4) were harvested and subjected to growth profile and gene expression analyses. Comparison was made between the microtic and normal chondrocytes. RESULTS For growth profile analysis cell viability did not show significant differences between both samples. There are no significance differences between both samples in terms of its growth rate, except in passage 1 where microtic chondrocytes were significant lower in their growth rate. Population doubling time and total number of cell doubling of all samples also did not show any significant differences. Gene expression is measured using Real Time-Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR). There is no significant differences in the expression of collagen type I, collagen type II, collagen type X, aggrecan core protein, elastin and sox9 genes in both samples. There are significant lower in the expression of sox2, nestin, BST-1 and OCT-4 gene in microtic chondrocytes compared to the normal chondrocytes. Stem cells markers are included in this study as stemness in cells may imply a greater proliferative potential and plasticity in vitro. CONCLUSION Chondrocytes from microtic samples have the same properties as chondrocytes from normal samples and hold promises to be used as a starting material in the reconstruction of the external ear in future clinical application. The reduction in sox2, nestin, BST-1 and OCT-4 gene expression in microtic samples could be the possible cause of the arrested development of the external ear.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F Ishak
- Dept. of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Ruszymah BHI, Chua KH, Mazlyzam AL, Aminuddin BS. Formation of tissue engineered composite construct of cartilage and skin using high density polyethylene as inner scaffold in the shape of human helix. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2011; 75:805-10. [PMID: 21481479 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2011.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2010] [Revised: 03/12/2011] [Accepted: 03/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Formation of external ear via tissue engineering has created interest amongst surgeons as an alternative for ear reconstruction in congenital microtia. OBJECTIVE To reconstruct a composite human construct of cartilage and skin in the shape of human ear helix in athymic mice. METHODS Six human nasal cartilages were used and digested with Collagenase II. Chondrocytes were passaged in 175 cm(2) culture flasks at a density of 10,000 cells/cm(2). Frozen human plasma was then mixed with human chondrocytes. Six human skin samples were cut into small pieces trypsinized and resuspended. The keratinocytes were plated in six-well plate culture dishes at a density of 2×105 cells per well. Dermis tissues were digested and the fibroblast cells resuspended in six-well plate at the density of 10,000 cells per well. Fibrin-fibroblast layer and fibrin-keratinocytes were formed by mixing with human plasma to create 6 bilayered human skin equivalent (BSE) constructs. The admixture of fibrin chondrocytes layers was wrapped around high density polyethylene (HDP), and implanted at the dorsum of the athymic mice. The construct was left for 4 weeks and after maturation the mice skin above the implanted construct was removed and replaced by BSE for another 4 weeks. RESULTS Haematoxylin and Eosin showed that the construct consists of fine arrangement and organized tissue structure starting with HDP followed by cartilage, dermis and epidermis. Safranin-O staining was positive for proteoglycan matrix production. Monoclonal mouse antihuman cytokeratin, 34βE12 staining displayed positive result for human keratin protein. CONCLUSIONS The study has shown the possibility to reconstruct ear helix with HDP and tissue engineered human cartilage and skin. This is another step to form a human ear and hopefully will be an alternative in reconstructive ear surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- B H I Ruszymah
- Tissue Engineering Centre, UKM Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Munirah S, Samsudin OC, Aminuddin BS, Ruszymah BHI. Expansion of human articular chondrocytes and formation of tissue-engineered cartilage: a step towards exploring a potential use of matrix-induced cell therapy. Tissue Cell 2011; 42:282-92. [PMID: 20810142 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2010.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2010] [Revised: 06/28/2010] [Accepted: 07/01/2010] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Monolayer culture expansion remains as a fundamental step to acquire sufficient number of cells for 3D constructs formation. It has been well-documented that cell expansion is however accompanied by cellular dedifferentiation. In order to promote cell growth and circumvent cellular dedifferentiation, we evaluated the effects of Transforming Growth Factor Beta-2 (TGF-β2), Insulin-like Growth Factor-I (IGF-I) and basic Fibroblast Growth Factor (bFGF) combination on articular chondrocytes culture and 'chondrocytes-fibrin' construct formation. Chondrocytes were serially cultured in: (1) F12:DMEM+10% Foetal Bovine Serum (FBS) with growth factors (FD10GFs), (2) F12:DMEM+2%FBS with the growth factors (FD2GFs) and, (3) F12:DMEM+10%FBS without growth factors (FD) as control. Cultured chondrocytes were evaluated by means of growth kinetics parameters, cell cycle analysis, quantitative phenotypic expression of collagen type II, aggrecan core protein sox-9 and collagen type I and, immunochemistry technique. Harvested chondrocytes were incorporated with plasma-derived fibrin and were polymerized to form the 3D constructs and implanted subcutaneously at the dorsum of athymic nude mice for eight (8) weeks. Resulted constructs were assigned for gross inspections and microscopic evaluation using standard histochemicals staining, immunochemistry technique and, quantitative phenotypic expression of cartilage markers to reassure cartilaginous tissue formation. Growth kinetics performance of chondrocytes cultured in three (3) types of culture media from the most to least was in the following order: FD10GFs>FD2GFs>FD. Following growth kinetics analysis, we decided to use FD10GFs and FD (control) for further evaluation and 'chondrocytes-fibrin' constructs formation. Chondrocytes cultured in FD10GFs preserved the normal diploid state (2c) with no evidence of aneuploidy, haploidy or tetraploidy. Expression of cartilage-specific markers namely collagen type II, aggrecan core protein and sox-9 were significantly higher in FD10GFs when compared to control. After implantation, 'chondrocytes-fibrin' constructs exhibited firm, white, smooth and glistening cartilage-like properties. FD10GFs constructs formed better quality cartilage-like tissue than FD constructs in term of overall cartilaginous tissue formation, cells organization and extracellular matrix distribution in the specimens. Cartilaginous tissue formation was confirmed by the presence of lacunae and cartilage-isolated cells embedded within basophilic ground substance. Presence of proteoglycan was confirmed by positive Safranin O staining. Collagen type II exhibited immunopositivity at the pericellular and inter-territorial matrix area. Chondrogenic properties of the construct were further confirmed by the expression of genes encoding collagen type II, aggrecan core protein and sox9. In conclusion, FD10GFs promotes the proliferation of chondrocytes and formation of good quality 'chondrocytes-fibrin' constructs which may have potential use of matrix-induced cell implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Munirah
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, Kulliyyah of Allied Health Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia, 25200 Jalan Sultan Ahmad Shah, Bandar Indera Mahkota, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
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Mohd Heikal MY, Aminuddin BS, Jeevanan J, Chen HC, Sharifah SH, Ruszymah BHI. Autologous implantation of bilayered tissue-engineered respiratory epithelium for tracheal mucosal regenesis in a sheep model. Cells Tissues Organs 2010; 192:292-302. [PMID: 20616535 DOI: 10.1159/000318675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to regenerate the tracheal epithelium using autologous nasal respiratory epithelial cells in a sheep model. Respiratory epithelium and fibroblast cells were harvested from nasal turbinates and cultured for 1 week. After confluence, respiratory epithelium and fibroblast cells were suspended in autologous fibrin polymerized separately to form a tissue-engineered respiratory epithelial construct (TEREC). A 3 × 2 cm² tracheal mucosal defect was created, and implanted with TEREC and titanium mesh as a temporary scaffold. The control groups were divided into 2 groups: polymerized autologous fibrin devoid of cells (group 1), and no construct implanted (group 2). All sheep were euthanized at 4 weeks of implantation. Gross observation of the trachea showed minimal luminal stenosis formation in the experimental group compared to the control groups. Macroscopic evaluation revealed significant mucosal fibrosis in control group 1 (71.8%) as compared to the experimental group (7%). Hematoxylin and eosin staining revealed the presence of minimal overgrowth of fibrous connective tissue covered by respiratory epithelium. A positive red fluorescence staining of PKH26 on engineered tissue 4 weeks after implantation confirmed the presence of cultured nasal respiratory epithelial cells intercalated with native tracheal epithelial cells. Scanning electron microscopy showed the presence of short microvilli representing immature cilia on the surface of the epithelium. Our study showed that TEREC was a good replacement for a tracheal mucosal defect and was able to promote natural regenesis of the tracheal epithelium with minimal fibrosis. This study highlighted a new technique in the treatment of tracheal stenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Y Mohd Heikal
- Department of Physiology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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12
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Ng MH, Aminuddin BS, Hamizah S, Lynette C, Mazlyzam AL, Ruszymah BHI. Correlation of donor age and telomerase activity with in vitro cell growth and replicative potential for dermal fibroblasts and keratinocytes. J Tissue Viability 2009; 18:109-16. [PMID: 19632116 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtv.2009.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2009] [Accepted: 06/23/2009] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies suggested telomerase activity as a determinant of cell replicative capacity by delaying cell senescence. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of adopting telomerase activity as a selection criterion for in vitro expanded skin cells before autologous transplantation. Fibroblasts and keratinoctyes were derived from the same consenting patients aged 9-69 years, and cultured separately in serum-supplemented and serum-free media, respectively. Telomerase activity of fresh and cultured cells were measured and correlated with cell growth rate, donor age and passage number. The results showed that telomerase activity and cell growth were independent of donor age for both cell types. Telomerase was expressed in freshly digested epidermis and dermis and continued expressing in vitro. Keratinocytes consistently showed 3-12 folds greater telomerase activity than fibroblast both in vivo and in vitro. Conversely, growth rate for fibroblast exceeded that of keratinocyte. Telomerase activity decreased markedly at Passage 6 for keratinocytes and ceased by Passage 3 for fibroblasts. The decrease or cessation of telomerase activity coincided with senescence for keratinocyte but not for fibroblast, implying a telomerase-regulated cell senescence for the former and hence a predictor of replicative capacity for this cell type. Relative telomerase activity for fibroblasts from the younger age group was significantly higher than that from the older age group; 69.7% higher for fresh isolates and 31.1% higher at P0 (p<0.05). No detectable telomerase activity was to be found at later subcultures for both age groups. Similarly for keratinocytes, telomerase activity in the younger age group was significantly higher (p<0.05) compared to that in the older age group; 507.7% at P0, 36.8% at P3 and the difference was no longer significant at P6. In conclusion, the study provided evidence that telomerase sustained the proliferation of keratinocytes but not fibroblasts. Telomerase activity is an important criterion for continued survival and replication of keratinocytes, hence its positive detection before transplantation is desirable. Inferring from our results, the use of keratinocytes from Passage 3 or lesser for construction of skin substitute or cell-based therapy is recommended owing to their sustained telomerase expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Ng
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (National University of Malaysia), Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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13
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Munirah S, Ruszymah BHI, Samsudin OC, Badrul AHMY, Azmi B, Aminuddin BS. Autologous versus pooled human serum for articular chondrocyte growth. J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong) 2008; 16:220-9. [PMID: 18725677 DOI: 10.1177/230949900801600219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the effect of autologous human serum (AHS) versus pooled human serum (PHS) versus foetal bovine serum (FBS) for growth of articular chondrocytes and formation of chondrocytefibrin constructs. METHODS Experiments with monolayer culture expansion of human articular chondrocytes were performed using basic culture media supplemented with 10% AHS, PHS, or FBS. Growth kinetics and specific phenotypic expression of the serially expanded chondrocytes were evaluated. Large-scale culture expansion was used to obtain about 30 million cells to form chondrocyte-fibrin constructs. All constructs were implanted subcutaneously at the dorsum part of athymic nude mice for 8 weeks. The in vivo constructs were evaluated using histological and gene expression studies. RESULTS The morphology of primary cultured chondrocytes (P0) was polygonal and became more elongated and larger after serial passages (P1, P2, and P3). This was comparable for AHS, PHS, and FBS. Total cell yields accumulated for AHS (28 million) and PHS (41 million) were significantly higher than those for FBS (4 million). After 8 weeks of implantation, in vivo chondrocyte-fibrin constructs demonstrated a glistening white and firm texture, comparable to normal hyaline cartilage. All constructs exhibited histo-architectural characteristics of well-distributed cartilage-isolated cells embedded within basophilic ground substance. Presence of accumulated proteoglycans cartilage-rich matrix was indicated by positive orange-red Safranin O staining. During monolayer culture expansion, collagen type II gene expression was down-regulated, while collagen type I gene expression was up-regulated. Collagen type II--the specific chondrogenesis marker--was re-expressed in the in vivo chondrocyte-fibrin construct. CONCLUSION AHS and PHS are better than FBS for in vitro cultivation of human articular chondrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Munirah
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia & Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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14
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Ibnubaidah MA, Chua KH, Mazita A, Azida ZN, Aminuddin BS, Ruszymah BHI, Lokman BS. Derivation of cochlea hair cell for in vitro expansion and characterization. Med J Malaysia 2008; 63 Suppl A:115-116. [PMID: 19025012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A potential cure for hearing loss would be to regenerate hair cells by stimulating cells of the damaged inner ear sensory epithelia to proliferate and differentiate into hair cells. Here, we investigated the possibility to isolate, culture-expand and characterize the cells from the cochlea membrane of adult mice. Our results showed that the cultured cells isolated from mouse cochlea membrane were heterogenous in nature. Morphologically there were epithelial like cells, hair cell like, nerve cell like and fibroblastic cells observed in the culture. The cultured cells were immunopositive for specific hair cell markers including Myosin 7a, Calretinin and Espin.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Ibnubaidah
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, UKM Medical Centre, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
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15
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Hamid AA, Ruszymah BHI, Aminuddin BS, Sathappan S, Chua KH. Differential gene expression of human adipose-derived stem cells in osteogenic induction. Med J Malaysia 2008; 63 Suppl A:9-10. [PMID: 19024959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Human adipose-derived stem cells (HADSC) have demonstrated the capacity of differentiating into bone depending on the specific induction stimuli and growth factors. However, investigation on stem cell characteristic after osteogenic differentiation is still lacking. The goal of this study was to investigate the differential expression of sternness and osteogenic genes in non-induced HADSC compared with HADSC after osteogenic induction using quantitative Real Time RT-PCR. Our results showed that OCT-4, REX-1, FZD9, OSC, RUNX, and ALP were up regulated after osteogenic induction. This may indicated that HADSCs after osteogenic induction still possessed some stemness properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Hamid
- Department of Physiology, UKM Medical Centre, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
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16
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Ishak MF, Aminuddin BS, Asma A, Lokman BS, Ruszymah BHI, Goh BS. Growth kinetic study on normal and microtic chondrocytes of human auricular cartilage. Med J Malaysia 2008; 63 Suppl A:117-118. [PMID: 19025013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Chondrocytes were isolated from normal and microtic human auricular cartilage after ear surgery carried out at Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre. Chondrocytes were cultured and expanded until passage 4. After reached confluence, cultured chondrocytes at each passage (P1, P2, P3 and P4) were harvested and assigned for growth profile analysis. There was no significant difference in cell viability between both normal and microtic samples (p = 0.84). Both samples showed no significant differences for growth profile parameters in terms of growth rate, population doubling time and total number of cell doubling, except in passage 1, where there is significant difference in cell growth rate (p = 0.004). This preliminary data has indicated that chondrocytes from microtic cartilage has the potential to be used in the reconstruction of human pinna in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F Ishak
- Tissue Engineering Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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17
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Heikal MYM, Aminuddin BS, Jeevanan J, Chen HC, Sharifah S, Ruszymah BHI. A scanning electron microscopic study of in vivo tissue engineered respiratory epithelium in sheep. Med J Malaysia 2008; 63 Suppl A:34. [PMID: 19024970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Normal tracheal mucociliary clearance is the key to maintaining the health and defense of respiratory airway. Therefore the present of cilia and mucous blanket are important for tracheal epithelium to function effectively. In the present study, we prepared a tissue engineered respiratory epithelium construct (TEREC) made of autologous respiratory epithelium cells, fibroblast and fibrin from sheep owns blood which replaced a created tracheal mucosal defect. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed encouraging result where immature cilia were present on the surface of TEREC. This result indicates that engineered respiratory epithelium was able to function as normal tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Y Mohd Heikal
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
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18
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Aminuddin BS, Ruszymah BHI. Tissue engineering research in developing countries, the significant and differences as compared to the developed countries. Med J Malaysia 2008; 63 Suppl A:47-48. [PMID: 19024977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of tissue engineering and stem cell research has created a tremendous response amongst scientist in Malaysia. However, despite the enthusiastic to embark on the research we have to carefully divert the research towards our needs. This is due to our responsibility to address the mounting problem of communicable diseases here and a very limited funding. As commercialization is a key objective the combination of products towards treating or diagnosing communicable and non-communicable diseases in the developing country is another important factor. The discussion here is mainly on the evolution of tissue engineering in Malaysia and taking a model of tissue engineering in otolaryngology.
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19
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Alfaqeh H, Chua KH, Aminuddin BS, Ruszymah BHI. Effects of different media on the in vivo chondrogenesis of sheep bone marrow stem cells: histological assessment. Med J Malaysia 2008; 63 Suppl A:119-120. [PMID: 19025014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to compare the effects of three different media on the in vivo chondrogenesis of sheep bone marrow stem cells (BMSC). Sheep BMSC were cultured in F12:DMEM + 10% FBS, chondrogenic medium containing 5ng/ml TGF,3 + 50ng/ml IGF-1 and UKM-MECC for three weeks. The cultured cells were then harvested for construct formation with fibrin. Constructed tissues were implanted subcutaneously into nude mice for in vivo development. Cell aggregates were formed in both chondrogenic medium and UKM-MECC demonstrated the early chondrogenesis process. After five weeks of in vivo development, both chondrogenic medium and UKM-MECC promoted cartilage matrix synthesis confirmed by Safranin O staining.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Alfaqeh
- Department of Physiology, UKM Medical Centre, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
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20
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Munirah S, Samsudin OC, Chen HC, Salmah SHS, Aminuddin BS, Ruszymah BHI. Measurement of sulphated glycosaminoglycans production after autologous 'chondrocytes-fibrin' constructs implantation in sheep knee joint. Med J Malaysia 2008; 63 Suppl A:35-36. [PMID: 19024971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Chondrocytes were isolated from articular cartilage biopsy and were cultivated in vitro. Approximately 30 million of cultured chondrocytes per ml were incorporated with autologous plasma-derived fibrin to form three-dimensional construct. Full-thickness punch hole defects were created in lateral and medial femoral condyles. The defects were implanted either with the autologous 'chondrocytes-fibrin' construct (ACFC), autologous chondrocytes (ACI) or fibrin blank (AF). Sheep were euthanized after 12 weeks. The gross morphology of all defects treated with ACFC implantation, ACI and AF exhibited median scores which correspond to a nearly normal appearance according to the International Cartilage Repair Society (ICRS) classification. ACFC significantly enhanced cartilage repair compared to ACI and AF in accordance with the modified O'Driscoll histological scoring scale. The relative sulphated glycosaminoglycans content (%) was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in ACFC when compared to control groups; ACI vs. fibrin only vs. untreated (blank). Results showed that ACFC implantation exhibited superior cartilage-like tissue regeneration compared to ACI. If the result is applicable to the human, it possibly will improve the existing treatment approaches for cartilage restoration in orthopaedic surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Munirah
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, UKM Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur
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21
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Alfaqeh H, Norhamdan MY, Chua KH, Chen HC, Aminuddin BS, Ruszymah BHI. Cell based therapy for osteoarthritis in a sheep model: gross and histological assessment. Med J Malaysia 2008; 63 Suppl A:37-38. [PMID: 19024972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
This study was to determine if autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) cultured in chondrogenic medium could repair surgically induced osteoarthritis. Sheep BMSCs were cultured in medium containing 5ng/ml TGFbeta3 + 50ng/ml IGF-1 for three weeks. The cultured cells were then suspended at density of 2x10(6) cell/ml and injected intraarticularly into the osteoarthritic knee joint. After six weeks, the distal head of the femur and the proximal tibial plateau were removed and stained with H&E. The results indicated that knee joints treated with autologous BMSCs cultured in chondrogenic medium showed clear evidence of articular cartilage regeneration in comparison with other groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Alfaqeh
- Department of Physiology, UKM Medical Centre, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
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22
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Ng AMH, Westerman K, Kojima K, Kodoma S, Aminuddin BS, Ruszymah BHI, Vacanti CA. Derivation of neurospheres from bone marrow stromal cells. Med J Malaysia 2008; 63 Suppl A:7-8. [PMID: 19024958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Nerve stem cells have a unique characteristic in that they form spherical aggregates, also termed neurospheres, in vitro. The study demonstrated the successful derivation of these neurospheres from bone marrow culture. Their plasticity as nerve stem cells was confirmed. The findings further strengthens the pluripotency of cell populations within the bone marrow.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M H Ng
- Tissue Engineering Laboratories, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Kuala Lumpur
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23
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Adha PRM, Chua KH, Mazlyzam AL, Low KC, Aminuddin BS, Ruszymah BHI. Usage of allogeneic single layered tissue engineered skin enhance wound treatment in sheep. Med J Malaysia 2008; 63 Suppl A:30-31. [PMID: 19024968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A major factor limiting survival following extensive thermal injury is insufficient availability of donor sites to provide enough skin for the required grafting procedures. Limitation of autologous grafting promotes the usage of allograft skin substitutes to promote wound healing. Here, we investigated the wound healing potential of allograft single layered tissue engineered skin which comprises of either keratinocytes (SLTES-K) or fibroblast (SLTES-F) with fibrin as the delivery system. Results from gross and microscopic evaluation showed our single layered tissue engineered skin constructed with keratinocytes or fibroblast after gamma radiation with the dosage of 2Gy could serve as allograft for the treatment of skin loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- P R Mohd Adha
- Physiology Department, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
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24
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Mazlyzam AL, Aminuddin BS, Saim L, Ruszymah BHI. Living bilayered human skin equivalent: promising potentials for wound healing. Med J Malaysia 2008; 63 Suppl A:32-33. [PMID: 19024969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The angiogenic potential of native skin (NS), keratinocytes single skin equivalent (SSE-K), fibroblasts single skin equivalent (SSE-F) and bilayered skin equivalent secreting angiogenic growth factors such as transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-beta1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) in the in vitro systems at 24, 48, 72 hours and 7 days was compared using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Bilayered skin equivalent exhibit highest release of growth factors within 24 hours to 7 days of culture compared to NS, SSE-K and SSE-F. This proved the potential of bilayered skin equivalent in producing and sustaining growth factors release to enhance angiogenesis, fibroblasts proliferation, matrix deposition, migration and growth of keratinocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Mazlyzam
- Department of Physiology, Medical Centre, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM)
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25
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Masrudin SS, Ghafar NA, Saidi M, Aminuddin BS, Rahmat A, Ruszymah BHI, Othman F. Scanning electron microscopy of cornea re-epithelization after transplanted with bilayered corneal construct. Med J Malaysia 2008; 63 Suppl A:109-110. [PMID: 19025009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The present work was to determine the development and re-epithelization of bilayered corneal construct (BCC) in vitro and in vivo using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The in vitro BCC was transplanted to the rabbit's eye and after 90 days the BCC was harvested and analyzed. The corneas were processed for morphology studies. The result indicates that the BICC that was transplanted for 90 days showed good development and re-epithelization of epithelial layer similar to the normal cornea.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Masrudin
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Ng AMH, Kojima K, Kodoma S, Ruszymah BHI, Aminuddin BS, Vacanti AC. Isolation techniques of murine bone marrow progenitor cells and their adipogenic, neurogenic and osteogenic differentiation capacity. Med J Malaysia 2008; 63 Suppl A:121-122. [PMID: 19025015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Bone marrow derived progenitor cells have been widely studied for its multipotent property and have proofed to be an important resource in regenerative medicine. However, the propagation of murine bone marrow appeared to be a great challenge as compared to other mammalian species. In this study, various isolation techniques and the plasticity of the isolated cells were evaluated. Our result shows that magnetic sorting technique yielded the most viable cells and displayed wider differentiation capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M H Ng
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre Kuala Lumpur
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27
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Ng AMH, Tan KK, Phang MY, Aziyati O, Tan GH, Isa MR, Aminuddin BS, Naseem M, Fauziah O, Ruszymah BHI. Differential osteogenic activity of osteoprogenitor cells on HA and TCP/HA scaffold of tissue engineered bone. J Biomed Mater Res A 2008; 85:301-12. [PMID: 17688285 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.31324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Biomaterial, an essential component of tissue engineering, serves as a scaffold for cell attachment, proliferation, and differentiation; provides the three dimensional (3D) structure and, in some applications, the mechanical strength required for the engineered tissue. Both synthetic and naturally occurring calcium phosphate based biomaterial have been used as bone fillers or bone extenders in orthopedic and reconstructive surgeries. This study aims to evaluate two popular calcium phosphate based biomaterial i.e., hydroxyapatite (HA) and tricalcium phosphate/hydroxyapatite (TCP/HA) granules as scaffold materials in bone tissue engineering. In our strategy for constructing tissue engineered bone, human osteoprogenitor cells derived from periosteum were incorporated with human plasma-derived fibrin and seeded onto HA or TCP/HA forming 3D tissue constructs and further maintained in osteogenic medium for 4 weeks to induce osteogenic differentiation. Constructs were subsequently implanted intramuscularly in nude mice for 8 weeks after which mice were euthanized and constructs harvested for evaluation. The differential cell response to the biomaterial (HA or TCP/HA) adopted as scaffold was illustrated by the histology of undecalcified constructs and evaluation using SEM and TEM. Both HA and TCP/HA constructs showed evidence of cell proliferation, calcium deposition, and collagen bundle formation albeit lesser in the former. Our findings demonstrated that TCP/HA is superior between the two in early bone formation and hence is the scaffold material of choice in bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela M H Ng
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur
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Munirah S, Samsudin OC, Chen HC, Salmah SHS, Aminuddin BS, Ruszymah BHI. Articular cartilage restoration in load-bearing osteochondral defects by implantation of autologous chondrocyte-fibrin constructs: an experimental study in sheep. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 89:1099-109. [PMID: 17785753 DOI: 10.1302/0301-620x.89b8.18451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Ovine articular chondrocytes were isolated from cartilage biopsy and culture expanded in vitro. Approximately 30 million cells per ml of cultured chondrocytes were incorporated with autologous plasma-derived fibrin to form a three-dimensional construct. Full-thickness punch hole defects were created in the lateral and medial femoral condyles. The defects were implanted with either an autologous 'chondrocyte-fibrin' construct (ACFC), autologous chondrocytes (ACI) or fibrin blanks (AF) as controls. Animals were killed after 12 weeks. The gross appearance of the treated defects was inspected and photographed. The repaired tissues were studied histologically and by scanning electron microscopy analysis. All defects were assessed using the International Cartilage Repair Society (ICRS) classification. Those treated with ACFC, ACI and AF exhibited median scores which correspond to a nearly-normal appearance. On the basis of the modified O'Driscoll histological scoring scale, ACFC implantation significantly enhanced cartilage repair compared to ACI and AF. Using scanning electron microscopy, ACFC and ACI showed characteristic organisation of chondrocytes and matrices, which were relatively similar to the surrounding adjacent cartilage. Implantation of ACFC resulted in superior hyaline-like cartilage regeneration when compared with ACI. If this result is applicable to humans, a better outcome would be obtained than by using conventional ACI.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Munirah
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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29
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Ruszymah BHI, Lokman BS, Asma A, Munirah S, Chua K, Mazlyzam AL, Isa MR, Fuzina NH, Aminuddin BS. Pediatric auricular chondrocytes gene expression analysis in monolayer culture and engineered elastic cartilage. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2007; 71:1225-34. [PMID: 17531328 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2007.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2007] [Revised: 04/19/2007] [Accepted: 04/19/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study was aimed at regenerating autologous elastic cartilage for future use in pediatric ear reconstruction surgery. Specific attentions were to characterize pediatric auricular chondrocyte growth in a combination culture medium and to assess the possibility of elastic cartilage regeneration using human fibrin. STUDY DESIGN Laboratory experiment using human pediatric auricular chondrocytes. METHODS Pediatric auricular chondrocytes growth kinetics and quantitative gene expression profile in three different types of media were compared in primary culture and subsequent three passages. Large-scale culture-expanded chondrocytes from the combination medium were then mixed with human fibrin for the formation of elastic cartilage via tissue engineering technique. RESULTS The equal mixture of Ham's F12 and Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (FD) promoted the best chondrocyte growth at every passage compared to the individual media. Chondrocytes differentiation index; ratio of type II to type I collagen gene expression level, aggrecan and elastin expression gradually decreased while passaging but they were then restored in engineered tissues after implantation. The engineered cartilage was glistening white in color and firm in consistency. Histological evaluation, immunohistochemistry analysis and quantitative gene expression assessment demonstrated that the engineered cartilage resemble the features of native elastic cartilage. CONCLUSION Pediatric auricular chondrocytes proliferate better in the combination medium (FD) and the utilization of human fibrin as a biomaterial hold promises for the regeneration of an autologous elastic cartilage for future application in ear reconstructive surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- B H I Ruszymah
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (National University of Malaysia), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Chua KH, Aminuddin BS, Fuzina NH, Ruszymah BHI. Basic fibroblast growth factor with human serum supplementation: enhancement of human chondrocyte proliferation and promotion of cartilage regeneration. Singapore Med J 2007; 48:324-32. [PMID: 17384880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The objectives of this study were to determine the optimum concentration of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) in foetal bovine serum (FBS) or human serum (HS) supplemented medium for adult human nasal septum chondrocyte culture and to evaluate the potential of cartilage regeneration. METHODS Dose effects of bFGF were evaluated from a range of 0.0 ng/ml to 10.0 ng/ml in the culture medium either supplemented with ten percent HS or ten percent FBS. Chondrocyte growth rate, viability and gene expression were evaluated. Cultured chondrocytes were then suspended in hydrogel for cartilage regeneration. Engineered cartilages were evaluated with standard histological staining and gene expression analysis. RESULTS Our results showed that the chondrocyte growth rate increased in a dose dependent manner of bFGF until 5.0 ng/ml. This increment is further enhanced with ten percent HS supplementation. All cultured chondrocytes exhibited the same gene expression profile regardless of bFGF concentration and type of serum used. The histological staining and gene expression analysis of engineered cartilage after implantation showed characteristics similar to native cartilage. CONCLUSION bFGF with ten percent HS was able to accelerate the chondrocyte growth rate, provided more chondrocytes for therapeutic purposes and therefore minimised the amount of nasal septum cartilage needed to be harvested from patients. The combination of 5.0 ng/ml of bFGF and ten percent HS in the culture medium was safer and had less risk compared to FBS. It also demonstrated valuable implications on constructing high quality autologous cartilage for treating cartilage defects, especially in head and neck reconstructive surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- K H Chua
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
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Mazlyzam AL, Aminuddin BS, Fuzina NH, Norhayati MM, Fauziah O, Isa MR, Saim L, Ruszymah BHI. Reconstruction of living bilayer human skin equivalent utilizing human fibrin as a scaffold. Burns 2007; 33:355-63. [PMID: 17321690 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2006.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2006] [Accepted: 08/05/2006] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Our aim of this study was to develop a new methodology for constructing a bilayer human skin equivalent to create a more clinical compliance skin graft composite for the treatment of various skin defects. We utilized human plasma derived fibrin as the scaffold for the development of a living bilayer human skin equivalent: fibrin-fibroblast and fibrin-keratinocyte (B-FF/FK SE). Skin cells from six consented patients were culture-expanded to passage 1. For B-FF/FK SE formation, human fibroblasts were embedded in human fibrin matrix and subsequently another layer of human keratinocytes in human fibrin matrix was stacked on top. The B-FF/FK SE was then transplanted to athymic mice model for 4 weeks to evaluate its regeneration and clinical performance. The in vivo B-FF/FK SE has similar properties as native human skin by histological analysis and expression of basal Keratin 14 gene in the epidermal layer and Collagen type I gene in the dermal layer. Electron microscopy analysis of in vivo B-FF/FK SE showed well-formed and continuous epidermal-dermal junction. We have successfully developed a technique to engineer living bilayer human skin equivalent using human fibrin matrix. The utilization of culture-expanded human skin cells and fibrin matrix from human blood will allow a fully autologous human skin equivalent construction.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Mazlyzam
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, UKM, Malaysia; Tissue Engineering Laboratory, HUKM, Malaysia
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Farah WI, Aminuddin BS, Ruszymah BHI. Linkage and association studies in a Malaysian family with autosomal recessive non-syndromic hearing loss. Malays J Pathol 2006; 28:23-33. [PMID: 17694956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Hearing loss is a common sensory deficit in humans. The hearing loss may be conductive, sensorineural, or mixed, syndromic or nonsyndromic, prelingual or postlingual. Due to the complexity of the hearing mechanism, it is not surprising that several hundred genes might be involved in causing hereditary hearing loss. There are at least 82 chromosomal loci that have been identified so far which are associated with the most common type of deafness--non-syndromic deafness. However, there are still many more which remained to be discovered. Here, we report the mapping of a locus for autosomal recessive, non-syndromic deafness in a family in Malaysia. The investigated family (AC) consists of three generations--parents who are deceased, nine affected and seven unaffected children and grandchildren. The deafness was deduced to be inherited in an autosomal recessive manner with 70% penetrance. Recombination frequencies were assumed to be equal for both males and females. Using two-point lod score analysis (MLINK), a maximum lod score of 2.48 at 0% recombinant (Z = 2.48, theta = 0%) was obtained for the interval D14S63-D14S74. The haplotype analysis defined a 14.38 centiMorgan critical region around marker D14S258 on chromosome 14q23.2-q24.3. There are 16 candidate genes identified with positive expression in human cochlear and each has great potential of being the deaf gene responsible in causing non-syndromic hereditary hearing loss in this particular family. Hopefully, by understanding the role of genetics in deafness, early interventional strategies can be undertaken to improve the life of the deaf community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wahida I Farah
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Tissue Engineering and Human Genetics Laboratory, Hospital Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur
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Ruszymah BHI, Wahida IF, Zakinah Y, Zahari Z, Norazlinda MD, Saim L, Aminuddin BS. Congenital deafness: high prevalence of a V37I mutation in the GJB2 gene among deaf school children in Alor Setar. Med J Malaysia 2005; 60:269-74. [PMID: 16379178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Twenty percent of all childhood deafness is due to mutations in the GJB2 gene (Connexin 26). The aim of our study was to determine the prevalence and spectrum of GJB2 mutations in childhood deafness in Malaysia. We analyzed the GJB2 gene in 51 deaf students from Sekolah Pendidikan Khas Alor Setar, Kedah. Bidirectional sequencing indicates that 25% of our childhood deafness has mutation in their GJB2 gene. Sixty two percent of these children demonstrate V37I missense mutation. Interestingly, V37I mutation in the GJB2 gene have been reported as polymorphism in Western countries, however in our country it behaved as a potentially disease-causing missense mutation, causing childhood deafness as it was not found in the normal control.
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Affiliation(s)
- B H I Ruszymah
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur
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Tan KK, Tan GH, Shamsul BS, Chua KH, Ng MHA, Ruszymah BHI, Aminuddin BS, Loqman MY. Bone graft substitute using hydroxyapatite scaffold seeded with tissue engineered autologous osteoprogenitor cells in spinal fusion: early result in a sheep model. Med J Malaysia 2005; 60 Suppl C:53-8. [PMID: 16381285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Spinal fusion using autologous bone graft is performed in an increasing rate for many spinal disorders. However, graft harvesting procedure is associated with prolonged operation time and potential donor site morbidity. We produced an engineered 'bone graft' substitute by using porous hydroxyapatite (HA) scaffold seeded with autologous bone marrow osteoprogenitor cells (OPCs) and fibrin. This obviates bone graft harvesting, thus eliminates donor site morbidity and shortens the operation time. The aim of this study is to evaluate Hydroxyapatite (HA) ceramics as scaffold for autologous tissue engineered bone construct for spinal fusion in a sheep model. The sheep's marrow was aspirated from iliac crest. The bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) were cultured for several passages in the presence of growth and differentiation factors to increase the number of OPCs. After the cultures reached confluence, they were trypsinized and seeded on Hydroxyapatite scaffold (HA). Approximately 5 million cells were generated after 3 weeks of culture. Microscopically, very tight Colony Forming Units (CFU-Fs) were seen on monolayer culture. The Von Kossa and Alizarin Red staining of monolayer culture showed positive mineralization areas; indicating the presence of OPCs. Sheep underwent a posterolateral spinal fusion in which scaffolds with or without OPCs seeded were implanted on both sides of the lumbar spine (L1-L2). Intended fusion segments were immobilized using wires. At the end of third month, the fusion constructs were harvested for histological examination. Fibrous tissue infiltration found in the inter-connecting pores of plain HA ceramics indicates inefficient new bone regeneration. New bone was found surrounding the HA ceramics seeded with autologous cells. The new bone is probably formed by the sheep BMMSCs that were initially encapsulating HA while it remained intact. The new bone is naturally fused with the vertebrae. In conclusion, the incorporation of autologous bone marrow cells improved the effectiveness of HA ceramics as 'bone graft' substitute for spinal fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- K K Tan
- Department of Orthopaedic and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia UKM, Malaysia
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Chua KH, Aminuddin BS, Fuzina NH, Ruszymah BHI. Insulin-transferrin-selenium prevent human chondrocyte dedifferentiation and promote the formation of high quality tissue engineered human hyaline cartilage. Eur Cell Mater 2005; 9:58-67; discussion 67. [PMID: 15962238 DOI: 10.22203/ecm.v009a08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was to investigate the effects of insulin-transferrin-selenium (ITS) on the proliferation and quantitative gene expression of adult human nasal septum chondrocytes in monolayer culture expansion and the formation of tissue engineered hyaline cartilage. Effects of ITS on human nasal septum chondrocytes monolayer culture expansion and gene expression were evaluated in various culture media either added with 2% fetal bovine serum (FBS) or 1 ng/mL basic fibroblast growth factor plus 1 ng/mL transforming growth factor or both serum and growth factors supplementation in comparison with medium added with 10%FBS. Chondrocytes cultured in medium added with 2% fetal bovine serum and growth factors either supplemented with or without ITS were then mixed with pluronic F-127 hydrogel for in vivo tissue engineered cartilage formation in nude mice model. Engineered tissues were removed after 8 weeks of implantation and evaluated with histological staining, immunohistochemistry, transmission electron microscopy and quantitative gene expression analysis. ITS promoted human chondrocytes proliferation and reduced chondrocytes dedifferentiation in media supplemented with serum and growth factors. ITS with 2% FBS and growth factors provided 15-fold increased in chondrocytes number by the end of the culture period compared to the standard culture medium used in chondrocytes culture (medium added with 10% FBS). Engineered tissue resulted from ITS supplementation demonstrated higher quality of cartilage formation. In conclusion, our study has demonstrated the benefits of ITS supplementation in human chondrocytes monolayer culture and tissue engineering cartilage formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- K H Chua
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Hospital Universiti Kebangsaan, Malaysia
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES The creation of a tissue-engineered auricle was initially successful in an immunocompromised nude mouse model. Subsequently, an immunocompetent porcine model successfully generated a helical construct. We wished to evaluate the novel technique of using a mold to create a complete, anatomically refined auricle in a large animal model. METHODS Mixtures of autogenous chondrocytes and biodegradable polymers were used inside a perforated, auricle shaped hollow gold mold. Three biodegradable polymers (calcium alginate, pluronic F-127, and polyglycolic acid) were used to retain the seeded chondrocytes inside the mold. These molds, along with a control, were implanted subcutaneously in the abdominal area of 10 animals (pigs and sheep). The constructs were removed after 8 to 20 weeks and were assessed by gross morphology and histology. RESULTS All the gold implants were well tolerated by the animals. The implants using calcium alginate (n = 3) generated constructs of the exact shape and size of a normal human ear; the histology demonstrated mostly normal cartilage with some persistent alginate. The implants with pluronic F-127 (n = 3) resulted in cartilage with essentially normal histology, although leakage outside the molds and external cartilage generation was noted. Polyglycolic acid implants (n = 3) produced no useful cartilage because of an inflammatory reaction with fibrosis. The empty control mold (n = 1) demonstrated only a very small amount of fibrous tissue inside. CONCLUSION A tissue-engineered human sized auricle of normal anatomic definition can be generated in an immunocompetent large-animal model using a mold technique. Although further refinements will be necessary, the technique appears promising for potential use in patients with microtia.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Kamil
- Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, and the Department of Otology and Laryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02114, USA
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Badrul AHMY, Aminuddin BS, Sharaf I, Samsudin OC, Munirah S, Ruszymah BHI. The effects of autologous human serum on the growth of tissue engineered human articular cartilage. Med J Malaysia 2004; 59 Suppl B:11-2. [PMID: 15468794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Culture media supplemented with animal serum e.g. fetal bovine serum; FBS is commonly used for human culture expansion. However, for clinical application, FBS is restricted as its carry a risk of viral or prion transmission. Engineering autologous cartilage with autologous human serum supplementation is seen as a better solution to reduce the risk of transmitting infectious diseases and immune rejection during cartilage transplantation. The purpose of this study is to establish and compare the effects of 10% autologous human serum (AHS) and 10% FBS on the growth of chondrocytes and the formation of tissue engineered human articular cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H M Y Badrul
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, UKM, Malaysia
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Aminuddin BS. Tissue engineering trachea: Malaysian experience. Med J Malaysia 2004; 59 Suppl B:3-4. [PMID: 15468790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Management of severe tracheal anomalies remains a clinical challenge. Tissue engineering offers new hope in trachea reconstruction surgery. However to date no optimal technique achieved in the formation of human or animal trachea. The main problem lies on the biomaterial used and the complex city of forming trachea in vivo. This study was aimed at creating tissue-engineered trachea cartilage from easily accessible human and animal nasal septum cartilage using internal scaffold and biodegradable human and animal fibrin.
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Affiliation(s)
- B S Aminuddin
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Hospital Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Ear, Nose & Throat Consultant Clinic, Ampang Puteri Specialist Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Mazlyzam AL, Aminuddin BS, Lokman BS, Isa MR, Fuzina H, Fauziah O, Ruszymah BHI. Quality evaluation analysis of bioengineered human skin. Med J Malaysia 2004; 59 Suppl B:39-40. [PMID: 15468808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Our objective is to determine the quality of tissue engineered human skin via immunostaining, RT-PCR and electron microscopy (SEM and TEM). Culture-expanded human keratinocytes and fibroblasts were used to construct bilayer tissue-engineered skin. The in vitro skin construct was cultured for 5 days and implanted on the dorsum of athymic mice for 30 days. Immunostaining of the in vivo skin construct appeared positive for monoclonal mouse anti-human cytokeratin, anti-human involucrin and anti-human collagen type I. RT-PCR analysis revealed loss of the expression for keratin type 1, 10 and 5 and re-expression of keratin type 14, the marker for basal keratinocytes cells in normal skin. SEM showed fibroblasts proliferating in the 5 days in vitro skin. TEM of the in vivo skin construct showed an active fibrocyte cell secreting dense collagen fibrils. We have successfully constructed bilayer tissue engineered human skin that has similar features to normal human skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Mazlyzam
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine UKM
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Samsudin OC, Aminuddin BS, Munirah S, Chua KH, Fuzina NH, Isa MR, Azmi B, Badrul AHMY, Ruszymah BHI. In vitro development of autologous tissue engineered human articular neocartilage for orthopaedic surgery. Med J Malaysia 2004; 59 Suppl B:15-6. [PMID: 15468796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Treatment of articular cartilage lesions remains a clinical challenge. The uses of prosthetic joint replace allograft and/or autograft transplant carry a risk of complications due to infection, loosening of its component, immunological rejection and morbidity at the donor site. There has been an increasing interest in the management of cartilage damages, owing to the introduction of new therapeutic options. Tissue engineering as a method for tissue restoration begins to provide a potential alternative therapy for autologous grafts transplantations. We aimed to evaluate how well a tissue engineered neocartilage implant, consist of human articular chondrocytes cultured with the presence of autologous serum and mixed in a fresh fibrin derived from patient, would perform in subcutaneous implantation in athymic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- O C Samsudin
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
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Tan KK, Aminuddin BS, Tan GH, Sabarul Afian M, Ng MHA, Fauziah O, Ruszymah BHI. Strategy for generating tissue-engineered human bone construct. Med J Malaysia 2004; 59 Suppl B:43-4. [PMID: 15468810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
The strategy used to generate tissue-engineered bone construct, in view of future clinical application is presented here. Osteoprogenitor cells from periosteum of consenting scoliosis patients were isolated. Growth factors viz TGF-B2, bFGF and IGF-1 were used in concert to increase cell proliferation during in vitro cell expansion. Porous tricalcium phosphate (TCP)-hydroxyapatite (HA) scaffold was used as the scaffold to form 3D bone construct. We found that the addition of growth factors, greatly increased cell growth by 2 to 7 fold. TCP/HA proved to be the ideal scaffold for cell attachment and proliferation. Hence, this model will be further carried out on animal trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- K K Tan
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
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Norhayati MM, Mazlyzam AL, Asmah R, Fuzina H, Aminuddin BS, Ruszymah BHI, Fauziah O. Collagen fibers an important entity in skin tissues remodeling. Med J Malaysia 2004; 59 Suppl B:184-5. [PMID: 15468879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) evaluation were carried out in the in vivo skin construct using fibrin as biomaterial. To investigate its progressive remodeling, nude mice were grafted and the Extracellular Matrix (ECM) components were studied at four and eight weeks post-grafting. It was discovered that by 4 weeks of remodeling the skin construct acquired its native structure.
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Ng MHA, Aminuddin BS, Tan KK, Tan GH, Sabarul Afian M, Ruszymah BHI. The use of bone marrow stem cells for bone tissue engineering. Med J Malaysia 2004; 59 Suppl B:41-2. [PMID: 15468809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Bone marrow stem cells (BMSC), known for its multipotency to differentiate into various mesenchymal cells such as chodrocyte, osteoblasts, adipocytes, etc, have been actively applied in tissue engineering. BMSC have been successfully isolated from bone marrow aspirate and bone marrow scraping from patients of various ages (13-56 years) with as little as 2ml to 5ml aspirate. BMSC isolated from our laboratory showed the presence of a heterogenous population that showed varying prevalence of surface antigens and the presence of telomerase activity albeit weak. Upon osteogenic induction, alkaline phosphatase activity and mineralization activity were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Angela Ng
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Hospital Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
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Farah Wahida I, Aminuddin BS, Munirah S, Chua KH, Fuzina NH, Isa MR, Saim L, Ruszymah BHI. Gene expression characteristic in human auricular cartilage tissue engineering. Med J Malaysia 2004; 59 Suppl B:190-1. [PMID: 15468882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
This study was to assess collagen type II and collagen type I gene expression in tissue-engineered human auricular: cartilage formed via tissue engineering technique. Large-scale culture expansions were transformed into 3D in vitro construct and were implanted subcutaneously on the dorsal of athymic mice. After 8 weeks, explanted construct was processed in the same manner of native cartilage to facilitate cells for gene expression analysis. Isolated cells from in vivo construct demonstrated expression of type II collagen gene comparable to native cartilage. This study verified that tissue-engineered auricular cartilage expressed cartilage specific gene, collagen type II after in vivo maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Farah Wahida
- Tissue Engineering and Human Genetics Laboratory, Hospital UKM
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Shamsul BS, Aminuddin BS, Ng MHA, Ruszymah BHI. Age and gender effect on the growth of bone marrow stromal cells in vitro. Med J Malaysia 2004; 59 Suppl B:196-7. [PMID: 15468885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Bone marrow harvested by aspiration contains connective tissue progenitor cells which can be selectively isolated and induced to express bone phenotype in vitro. The osteoblastic progenitor can be estimated by counting the number of cells attach using the haemacytometer. This study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that human aging is associated with a significant change on the number of osteoblastic progenitors in the bone marrow. Bone marrow aspirates were harvested from 38 patients, 14 men (age 11-70) and 24 women (age 10-70) and cultured in F12: DMEM (1:1). In total 15 bone marrow samples have been isolated from patients above 40 years old (men/women) of age. Fourteen (93.3%) of this samples failed to proliferate. Only one (6.7%) bone marrow sample from a male patient, aged 59 years old was successfully cultured. Seventy percent (16/23) of the samples from patient below than 40 years old were successfully cultured. However, our observation on the survival rate for cells of different gender from patient below 40 years old does not indicate any significant difference. From this study, we conclude that the growth of bone marrow stromal cells possibly for bone engineering is better from bone marrow aspirates of younger patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- B S Shamsul
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Hospital Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
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Chua KH, Aminuddin BS, Fuzina NH, Ruszymah BHI. Interaction between insulin-like growth factor-1 with other growth factors in serum depleted culture medium for human cartilage engineering. Med J Malaysia 2004; 59 Suppl B:7-8. [PMID: 15468792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
The regulation roles of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) with basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and transforming growth factor beta 2 (TGFbeta2) in human nasal septum chondrocytes monolayer culture and cartilage engineering was investigated in this study. The role of IGF-1 with bFGF and TGFbeta2 was investigated by measuring chondrocyte growth kinetic and collagen genes expression. IGF-1 together with bFGF and TGFbeta2 promote cartilage tissue engineering, increase type II collagen expression and enhance the histological features of engineered cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- K H Chua
- Department of Physiology, Medical Faculty of Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
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Saim L, Aminuddin BS, Munirah S, Chua KH, Izuddin Fahmy A, Fuzina NH, Isa MR, Ruszymah BHI. Formation of tissue-engineered human auricular cartilage via tissue engineering technique for future use in ear surgery. Med J Malaysia 2004; 59 Suppl B:192-3. [PMID: 15468883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
To date there is no optimal approach to reconstruct an external ear. However, advances in tissue engineering technologies have indicated that in vitro autologous elastic cartilage might be of great importance in the future treatment of these patients. The aim of this study was to observe monolayer expansion of auricular cartilage and to evaluate engineered cartilage using standard histochemical study.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Saim
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
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Norazril SAH, Aminuddin BS, Norhayati MM, Mazlyzam AL, Fauziah O, Ruszymah BHI. Comparison of chitosan scaffold and chitosan-collagen scaffold: a preliminary study. Med J Malaysia 2004; 59 Suppl B:186-7. [PMID: 15468880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Chitosan has similar structure to glycosaminoglycans in the tissue, thus may be a good candidates as tissue engineering scaffold. However, to improve their cell attachment ability, we try to incorporate this natural polymer with collagen by combining it via cross-linking process. In this preliminary study we evaluate the cell attachment ability of chitosan-collagen scaffold versus chitosan scaffold alone. Chitosan and collagen were dissolved in 1% acetic acid and then were frozen for 24 hours before the lyophilizing process. Human skin fibroblasts were seeded into both scaffold and were cultured in F12: DMEM (1:1). Metabolic activity assay were used to evaluate cell attachment ability of scaffold for a period of 1, 3, 7 and 14 days. Scanning electron micrographs shows good cell morphology on chitosan-collagen hybrid scaffold. In conclusion, the incorporation of collagen to chitosan will enhance its cell attachment ability and will be a potential scaffold in tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A H Norazril
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Hospital Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
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Muhd Fakhruddin BH, Aminuddin BS, Mazlyzam AL, Ruszymah BHI. The effects of age on monolayer culture of human keratinocytes for future use in skin engineering. Med J Malaysia 2004; 59 Suppl B:182-3. [PMID: 15468878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Skin is the largest organ in human system and plays a vital role as a barrier against environment and pathogens. Skin regeneration is important in tissue engineering especially in cases of chronic wounds. With the tissue engineering technology, these skins equivalent have been use clinically to repair burns and wounds. Consented redundant skin samples were obtained from patients aged 9 to 65 years old. Skin samples were digested with dispase, thus separating the epidermis and the dermis layer. The epidermis layer was trypsinized and cultured in DKSFM in 6-well plate at 37 degrees C and 5% CO2. Once confluent, the culture were trypsinized and the cells were pooled. Cells were counted using haemacytometer. Doubling time and viability were calculated and analysed. From the result, we conclude that doubling time and viability of in vitro keratinocytes cultured in DKSFM media is not age dependant.
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Nur Adelina AN, Aminuddin BS, Munirah S, Chua KH, Fuzina NH, Saim L, Ruszymah BHI. Phenotypic expression of collagen type II and collagen type I gene in monolayer culture of human auricular chondrocytes. Med J Malaysia 2004; 59 Suppl B:188-9. [PMID: 15468881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Cartilage is regularly needed for reconstructive surgery. Basic research in tissue engineering is necessary to develop its full potential. We presented here the expression profile of type II collagen gene and type I collagen gene in human auricular monolayer culture expansion. Cultured chondrocytes documented a reduction in the expression level of collagen type II gene whilst collagen type I gene was gradually expressed through all the passages. This study demonstrated that human auricular chondrocytes lose its phenotypic expression during monolayer culture expansion. Further studies are required to enhance cartilage specific gene expression, collagen type II throughout the in vitro culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- A N Nur Adelina
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
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