1
|
Ray M, Guha S, Dhungana RR, Karak A, Choudhury B, Ray B, Zubair H, Ray M, Sengupta S, Bhatt DL, Goldberg RJ, Selker HP. Development and validation of a predictive model for the diagnosis of rheumatic heart disease in low-income countries based on two cross-sectional studies. Int J Cardiol Cardiovasc Risk Prev 2023; 18:200195. [PMID: 37455788 PMCID: PMC10344801 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcrp.2023.200195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Objectives We developed a questionnaire-based risk-scoring system to identify children at risk for rheumatic heart disease (RHD) in rural India. The resulting predictive model was validated in Nepal, in a population with a similar demographic profile to rural India. Methods The study involved 8646 students (mean age 13.0 years, 46% boys) from 20 middle and high schools in the West Midnapore district of India. The survey asked questions about the presence of different signs and symptoms of RHD. Students with possible RHD who experienced sore throat and joint pain were offered an echocardiogram to screen for RHD. Their findings were compared with randomly selected students without these symptoms. The data were analyzed to develop a predictive model for identifying RHD. Results Based on our univariate analyses, seven variables were used for building a predictive model. A four-variable model (joint pain plus sore throat, female sex, shortness of breath, and palpitations) best predicted the risk of RHD with a C-statistic of 0.854. A six-point scoring system developed from the model was validated among similarly aged children in Nepal. Conclusions A simple questionnaire-based predictive instrument could identify children at higher risk for this disease in low-income countries where RHD remains prevalent. Echocardiography could then be used in these high-risk children to detect RHD in its early stages. This may support a strategy for more effective secondary prophylaxis of RHD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madhab Ray
- Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies, Tufts Medical Center and Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Santanu Guha
- Department of Cardiology, Kolkata Medical College, Kolkata, India
| | | | - Avik Karak
- Department of Cardiology, Kolkata Medical College, Kolkata, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Deepak L. Bhatt
- Mount Sinai Heart, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Health System, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robert J. Goldberg
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Harry P. Selker
- Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies, Tufts Medical Center and Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
O'Leary S, Mylanus E, Venail F, Lenarz T, Birman C, Di Lella F, Roland JT, Gantz B, Beynon A, Sicard M, Buechner A, Lai WK, Boccio C, Choudhury B, Tejani VD, Plant K, English R, Arts R, Bester C. Monitoring Cochlear Health With Intracochlear Electrocochleography During Cochlear Implantation: Findings From an International Clinical Investigation. Ear Hear 2023; 44:358-370. [PMID: 36395515 PMCID: PMC9957964 DOI: 10.1097/aud.0000000000001288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Electrocochleography (ECochG) is emerging as a tool for monitoring cochlear function during cochlear implant (CI) surgery. ECochG may be recorded directly from electrodes on the implant array intraoperatively. For low-frequency stimulation, its amplitude tends to rise or may plateau as the electrode is inserted. The aim of this study was to explore whether compromise of the ECochG signal, defined as a fall in its amplitude of 30% or more during insertion, whether transient or permanent, is associated with poorer postoperative acoustic hearing, and to examine how preoperative hearing levels may influence the ability to record ECochG. The specific hypotheses tested were threefold: (a) deterioration in the pure-tone average of low-frequency hearing at the first postoperative follow-up interval (follow-up visit 1 [FUV1], 4 to 6 weeks) will be associated with compromise of the cochlear microphonic (CM) amplitude during electrode insertion (primary hypothesis); (b) an association is observed at the second postoperative follow-up interval (FUV2, 3 months) (secondary hypothesis 1); and (c) the CM response will be recorded earlier during electrode array insertion when the preoperative high-frequency hearing is better (secondary hypothesis 2). DESIGN International, multi-site prospective, observational, between groups design, targeting 41 adult participants in each of two groups, (compromised CM versus preserved CM). Adult CI candidates who were scheduled to receive a Cochlear Nucleus CI with a Slim Straight or a Slim Modiolar electrode array and had a preoperative audiometric low-frequency average thresholds of ≤80 dB HL at 500, 750, and 1000 Hz in the ear to be implanted, were recruited from eight international implant sites. Pure tone audiometry was measured preoperatively and at postoperative visits (FUV1 and follow-up visit 2 [FUV2]). ECochG was measured during and immediately after the implantation of the array. RESULTS From a total of 78 enrolled individuals (80 ears), 77 participants (79 ears) underwent surgery. Due to protocol deviations, 18 ears (23%) were excluded. Of the 61 ears with ECochG responses, amplitudes were < 1 µV throughout implantation for 18 ears (23%) and deemed "unclear" for classification. EcochG responses >1 µV in 43 ears (55%) were stable throughout implantation for 8 ears and compromised in 35 ears. For the primary endpoint at FUV1, 7/41 ears (17%) with preserved CM had a median hearing loss of 12.6 dB versus 34/41 ears (83%) with compromised CM and a median hearing loss of 26.9 dB ( p < 0.014). In assessing the practicalities of measuring intraoperative ECochG, the presence of a measurable CM (>1 µV) during implantation was dependent on preoperative, low-frequency thresholds, particularly at the stimulus frequency (0.5 kHz). High-frequency, preoperative thresholds were also associated with a measurable CM > 1 µV during surgery. CONCLUSIONS Our data shows that CM drops occurring during electrode insertion were correlated with significantly poorer hearing preservation postoperatively compared to CMs that remained stable throughout the electrode insertion. The practicality of measuring ECochG in a large cohort is discussed, regarding the suggested optimal preoperative low-frequency hearing levels ( < 80 dB HL) considered necessary to obtain a CM signal >1 µV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S O'Leary
- Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - E Mylanus
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Radboud University Medical Centre, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - F Venail
- University Hospital of Montpellier & Institute of Neurosciences of Montpellier INSERM U1298, Montpellier, France
| | - T Lenarz
- Department Otolaryngology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - C Birman
- Cochlear Implant Program, NextSense, Sydney, Australia
| | - F Di Lella
- Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - J T Roland
- NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - B Gantz
- University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - A Beynon
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Radboud University Medical Centre, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - M Sicard
- University Hospital of Montpellier & Institute of Neurosciences of Montpellier INSERM U1298, Montpellier, France
| | - A Buechner
- Department Otolaryngology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - W K Lai
- Cochlear Implant Program, NextSense, Sydney, Australia
| | - C Boccio
- Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - B Choudhury
- NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - V D Tejani
- University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - K Plant
- Cochlear Limited, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - R Arts
- Cochlear Benelux NV, Mechelen, Belgium
| | - C Bester
- Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Choudhury B, Pankaj P. A study on the acceptability of green products in Pune region. CM 2022. [DOI: 10.18137/cardiometry.2022.23.585592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
With rising markets and increasing customer volumes, the ecosystem is dramatically degraded by production and consumption habits. Governments, consumers, and producers have recognized the significance of this issue. Industries’ department of research and development is continuously developing environmentally friendly products that cause less environmental destruction. Items that are recyclable and have safe disposal are also referred to as green goods. The objective of this study is to understand the notion of green products and consumer behavior towards it. The study also investigates the relationship between green product use and intention to purchase and demographic variables. The findings provide significant insight into the factors predominantly responsible for inspiring and discouraging customers from buying green products. Eco-friendly nature and knowledge about green products are the driving factors. In contrast, limited awareness about green products, cost of installation is the factors that reduce the sale of these products.
Collapse
|
4
|
Kaushal D, Rajan N, Soni K, Sharma A, Choudhury B, Yadav T, Khera P, Gupta P, Kaur N, Goyal A. Reducing mortality in mucormycosis of the head and neck in diabetic patients: A CARE case series. Eur Ann Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Dis 2021; 139:146-152. [PMID: 34489194 DOI: 10.1016/j.anorl.2021.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Rhinocerebral mucormycosis is extremely fatal, with mortality rates ranging from 85-93% despite the best treatment in immunocompromised patients. We emphasize the importance of early diagnosis, repeated debridement, and aggressive antifungal treatment to reduce mortality. CASE SUMMARY We report six cases (five male and one female), with a mean age of 51 years who were diagnosed to have mucormycosis from 2017 to 2019. All patients were diabetic. Intracranial involvement and orbital involvement were found in four cases. Facial nerve palsy was seen in two cases, one without any apparent otological involvement. Aggressive serial debridement and amphotericin B was started. Posaconazole was added subsequently to the treatment in two cases. One patient succumbed to the disease five months after discharge. The other five patients are on regular follow-up for a mean duration of 14 months at the end of which two had residual disease which was under control. DISCUSSION Repeated surgical debridement with an early aggressive and combination antifungal therapy can result in good outcomes even in advanced mucormycosis. Concurrent management of the underlying pathology, monitoring of liver and kidney functions, and therapeutic drug monitoring are useful to ensure smooth and effective treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Kaushal
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, 174001 Bilaspur, India.
| | - N Rajan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, 342005 Jodhpur, India
| | - K Soni
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, 342005 Jodhpur, India
| | - A Sharma
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, 342005 Jodhpur, India
| | - B Choudhury
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, 342005 Jodhpur, India
| | - T Yadav
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, 342005 Jodhpur, India
| | - P Khera
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, 342005 Jodhpur, India
| | - P Gupta
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, 342005 Jodhpur, India
| | - N Kaur
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, 342005 Jodhpur, India
| | - A Goyal
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, 342005 Jodhpur, India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Pruss KM, Marcobal A, Southwick AM, Dahan D, Smits SA, Ferreyra JA, Higginbottom SK, Sonnenburg ED, Kashyap PC, Choudhury B, Bode L, Sonnenburg JL. Mucin-derived O-glycans supplemented to diet mitigate diverse microbiota perturbations. ISME J 2021; 15:577-591. [PMID: 33087860 PMCID: PMC8027378 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-020-00798-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Microbiota-accessible carbohydrates (MACs) are powerful modulators of microbiota composition and function. These substrates are often derived from diet, such as complex polysaccharides from plants or human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) during breastfeeding. Host-derived mucus glycans on gut-secreted mucin proteins serve as a continuous endogenous source of MACs for resident microbes; here we investigate the potential role of purified, orally administered mucus glycans in maintaining a healthy microbial community. In this study, we liberated and purified O-linked glycans from porcine gastric mucin and assessed their efficacy in shaping the recovery of a perturbed microbiota in a mouse model. We found that porcine mucin glycans (PMGs) and HMOs enrich for taxonomically similar resident microbes. We demonstrate that PMGs aid recovery of the microbiota after antibiotic treatment, suppress Clostridium difficile abundance, delay the onset of diet-induced obesity, and increase the relative abundance of resident Akkermansia muciniphila. In silico analysis revealed that genes associated with mucus utilization are abundant and diverse in prevalent gut commensals and rare in enteric pathogens, consistent with these glycan-degrading capabilities being selected for during host development and throughout the evolution of the host-microbe relationship. Importantly, we identify mucus glycans as a novel class of prebiotic compounds that can be used to mitigate perturbations to the microbiota and provide benefits to host physiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K M Pruss
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - A Marcobal
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - A M Southwick
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - D Dahan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - S A Smits
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - J A Ferreyra
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - S K Higginbottom
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - E D Sonnenburg
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - P C Kashyap
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - B Choudhury
- GlycoAnalytics Core, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - L Bode
- Division of Neonatology and Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - J L Sonnenburg
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Choudhury B, Brown J, Ransy DG, Brophy J, Kakkar F, Bitnun A, Samson L, Read S, Soudeyns H, Vaudry W, Houston S, Hawkes MT. Endothelial activation is associated with intestinal epithelial injury, systemic inflammation and treatment regimen in children living with vertically acquired HIV-1 infection. HIV Med 2020; 22:273-282. [PMID: 33151601 DOI: 10.1111/hiv.13012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Premature development of cardiovascular disease in children living with HIV-1 (CLWH) may be associated with compromised gut barrier function, microbial translocation, immune activation, systemic inflammation and endothelial activation. Biomarkers of these pathways may provide insights into pathogenesis of atherosclerotic disease in CLWH. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study of CLWH enrolled in the multicentre Early Pediatric Initiation-Canadian Child Cure Cohort (EPIC4 ) who were on antiretroviral therapy (ART) with undetectable viral load. Plasma biomarkers of intestinal epithelial injury [intestinal fatty acid binding protein-1 (IFABP)], systemic inflammation [tumour necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin-6 (IL-6)] and endothelial activation [angiopoietin-2 (Ang2), soluble vascular endothelial growth factor-1 (sVEGFR1) and soluble endoglin (sEng)] were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Correlation and factor analysis of biomarkers were used to examine associations between innate immune pathways. RESULTS Among 90 CLWH, 16% of Ang2, 15% of sVEGFR1 and 23% of sEng levels were elevated relative to healthy historic controls. Pairwise rank correlations between the three markers of endothelial activation were statistically significant (ρ = 0.69, ρ = 0.61 and ρ = 0.65, P < 0.001 for all correlations). An endothelial activation index, derived by factor analysis of the three endothelial biomarkers, was correlated with TNF (ρ = 0.47, P < 0.001), IL-6 (ρ = 0.60, P < 0.001) and intestinal fatty acid binding protein-1 (ρ = 0.67, P < 0.001). Current or past treatment with ritonavir-boosted lopinavir (LPV/r) was associated with endothelial activation (odds ratio = 5.0, 95% CI: 1.7-17, P = 0.0020). CONCLUSIONS Endothelial activation is prevalent in CLWH despite viral suppression with combination ART and is associated with intestinal epithelial injury, systemic inflammation and treatment with LPV/r.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Choudhury
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - J Brown
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - D G Ransy
- Unité d'immunopathologie virale, Centre de recherche du CHU Sainte-Justine, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - J Brophy
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - F Kakkar
- Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - A Bitnun
- Hospital for Sick Children, Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - L Samson
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - S Read
- Hospital for Sick Children, Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - H Soudeyns
- Unité d'immunopathologie virale, Centre de recherche du CHU Sainte-Justine, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Department of Microbiology, Infectiology & Immunology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - W Vaudry
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - S Houston
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - M T Hawkes
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Stollery Science Lab, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Women and Children's Health Research Institute, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Affiliation(s)
- Santanu Guha
- Department of Cardiology, Medical College, Kolkata, India
| | - Avik Karak
- Department of Cardiology, Medical College, Kolkata, India
| | | | | | - Rakesh Yadav
- Department of Cardiology, AIIMS, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Guha S, Mukhopadhay S, Karak A, Choudhury B, Kapoor A, Yadav R. Managing ACS during COVID-19 infection: Do not follow the traditional route. Indian Heart J 2020; 72:128-130. [PMID: 32534687 PMCID: PMC7159859 DOI: 10.1016/j.ihj.2020.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 pandemic is creating havoc in the world. It is also spreading in India creating a massive healthcare problem. Few major hospitals were closed down because of the spread among healthcare personnel. Management of several commonly occurring diseases needed modifications to a lesser or greater extent because of this pandemic. Management of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) also requires certain modifications. In this opinion paper an attempt has been made to give an outline of ACS management in this changed scenario.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Santanu Guha
- Department of Cardiology, Medical College, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
| | | | - Avik Karak
- Department of Cardiology, Medical College, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | | | - Aditya Kapoor
- Department of Cardiology, Sanjay Gandhi PGIMS, Lucknow, India
| | - Rakesh Yadav
- Department of Cardiology, A.I.I.M.S, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Choudhury B, Verma A. Association of snoring caused by adenoid hyperplasia with behavioural disturbances in school children. Sleep Med 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2019.11.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
10
|
Choudhury B, Verma A. Surgical management of OSAHS - overcoming challenges in sleep surgery in a developing country. Sleep Med 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2019.11.204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
11
|
Barman M, Deb D, Hassan M, Choudhury B. Review on the Role of Macular Edema in Retinopathy, Blindness and Automated Diagnosis Methods. EAI Endorsed Transactions on Pervasive Health and Technology 2018. [DOI: 10.4108/eai.17-3-2021.169034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
|
12
|
Seekings AH, Slomka MJ, Russell C, Howard WA, Choudhury B, Nuñéz A, Löndt BZ, Cox W, Ceeraz V, Thorén P, Irvine RM, Manvell RJ, Banks J, Brown IH. Direct evidence of H7N7 avian influenza virus mutation from low to high virulence on a single poultry premises during an outbreak in free range chickens in the UK, 2008. Infect Genet Evol 2018; 64:13-31. [PMID: 29883773 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
H5 and H7 subtypes of low pathogenicity avian influenza viruses (LPAIVs) have the potential to evolve into highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs), causing high mortality in galliforme poultry with substantial economic losses for the poultry industry. This study provides direct evidence of H7N7 LPAIV mutation to HPAIV on a single poultry premises during an outbreak that occurred in June 2008 in free range laying hens in Oxfordshire, UK. We report the first detection of a rare di-basic cleavage site (CS) motif (PEIPKKRGLF), unique to galliformes, that has previously been associated with a LPAIV phenotype. Three distinct HPAIV CS sequences (PEIPKRKKRGLF, PEIPKKKKRGLF and PEIPKKKKKKRGLF) were identified in the infected sheds suggesting molecular evolution at the outbreak premises. Further evidence for H7N7 LPAIV preceding mutation to HPAIV was derived by examining clinical signs, epidemiological descriptions and analysing laboratory results on the timing and proportions of seroconversion and virus shedding at each infected shed on the premises. In addition to describing how the outbreak was diagnosed and managed via statutory laboratory testing, phylogenetic analysis revealed reassortant events during 2006-2008 that suggested likely incursion of a wild bird origin LPAIV precursor to the H7N7 HPAIV outbreak. Identifying a precursor LPAIV is important for understanding the molecular changes and mechanisms involved in the emergence of HPAIV. This information can lead to understanding how and why only some H7 LPAIVs appear to readily mutate to HPAIV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A H Seekings
- Virology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA-Weybridge), Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, United Kingdom.
| | - M J Slomka
- Virology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA-Weybridge), Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, United Kingdom
| | - C Russell
- Virology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA-Weybridge), Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, United Kingdom
| | - W A Howard
- Virology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA-Weybridge), Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, United Kingdom
| | - B Choudhury
- Virology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA-Weybridge), Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, United Kingdom
| | - A Nuñéz
- Pathology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA-Weybridge), Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, United Kingdom
| | - B Z Löndt
- Virology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA-Weybridge), Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, United Kingdom
| | - W Cox
- Virology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA-Weybridge), Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, United Kingdom
| | - V Ceeraz
- Virology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA-Weybridge), Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, United Kingdom
| | - P Thorén
- Swedish Agricultural University (SLU), Uppsala, Sweden
| | - R M Irvine
- Virology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA-Weybridge), Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, United Kingdom
| | - R J Manvell
- Virology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA-Weybridge), Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, United Kingdom
| | - J Banks
- Virology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA-Weybridge), Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, United Kingdom
| | - I H Brown
- Virology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA-Weybridge), Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Choudhury B, Robinson D, Steinbach F. A63 Equine infectious anaemia virus in Great Britain: Molecular characterisation of cases from 1975 to 2012. Virus Evol 2018. [PMCID: PMC5905478 DOI: 10.1093/ve/vey010.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- B Choudhury
- Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA)—Weybridge, New Haw, Surrey KT15 3NB, UK
| | - D Robinson
- Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA)—Weybridge, New Haw, Surrey KT15 3NB, UK,University of Surrey (UNIS), Guildford Surrey GU2 7XH, UK
| | - F Steinbach
- Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA)—Weybridge, New Haw, Surrey KT15 3NB, UK,University of Surrey (UNIS), Guildford Surrey GU2 7XH, UK
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Affiliation(s)
| | - B. Choudhury
- Department of Anthropology, Gauhati University, Guwahati 781 014, Assam, India
| | | | - V.R. Rao
- Anthropological Survey of India, 27, JN Road, Kolkata 700 016, West Bengal, India
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Deka DJ, Choudhury B, Talukdar P, Lo TQ, Das B, Nair SA, Moonan PK, Kumar AMV. What a difference a day makes: same-day vs. 2-day sputum smear microscopy for diagnosing tuberculosis. Public Health Action 2016; 6:232-236. [PMID: 28123959 DOI: 10.5588/pha.16.0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Setting: Nine district-level microscopy centres in Assam and Tripura, India. Objective: Same-day sputum microscopy is now recommended for tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis. We compared this method against the conventional 2-day approach in routine programmatic settings. Methods: During October-December 2012, all adult presumptive TB patients were requested to provide three sputum samples (one at the initial visit, the second 1 h after the first sample, and the third the next morning) for examination by Ziehl-Neelsen smear microscopy. Detection of acid-fast bacilli with any sample was diagnostic. The first and second spot sample comprised the same-day approach, and the first spot sample and next-day sample comprised the 2-day approach. Results: Of 2168 presumptive TB patients, 403 (18.6%) were smear-positive according to the same-day method compared to 427 (19.7%) by the 2-day method (McNemar's test, P < 0.001). Of the total 429 TB patients, 26 (6.1%) were missed by the same-day method and 2 (0.5%) by the 2-day method. Conclusion: Same-day specimen collection for microscopy missed more TB than 2-day collection. In India, missing cases by using same-day microscopy would translate into a considerable absolute number, hindering TB control efforts. We question the indiscriminate switch to same-day diagnosis in settings where patients reliably return for testing the next day.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D J Deka
- World Health Organization Country Office for India, New Delhi, India
| | - B Choudhury
- Department of Health, Government of Assam, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - P Talukdar
- World Health Organization Country Office for India, New Delhi, India
| | - T Q Lo
- Division of Global HIV and Tuberculosis, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - B Das
- Department of Health, Government of Tripura, Agartala, Tripura, India
| | - S A Nair
- World Health Organization Country Office for India, New Delhi, India
| | - P K Moonan
- Division of Global HIV and Tuberculosis, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - A M V Kumar
- International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (The Union), Paris, France ; The Union, South-East Asia Office, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Steinbach F, Westcott D, Grierson S, Frossard J, McGowan S, Choudhury B. Re-emerging Equine Arteritis Virus (EAV) variants. J Equine Vet Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2016.02.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
17
|
Robinson D, Steinbach F, Choudhury B. Molecular characterisation of British Equine Infectious Anaemia cases, 1975-2012. J Equine Vet Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2016.02.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
18
|
Steinbach F, Westcott DG, McGowan SL, Grierson SS, Frossard JP, Choudhury B. Re-emergence of a genetic outlier strain of equine arteritis virus: Impact on phylogeny. Virus Res 2014; 202:144-50. [PMID: 25527462 PMCID: PMC7172687 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2014.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Revised: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Re-emergence of a “historical” EAV strain. An updated EAV phylogeny scheme. Measures to improve EAV phylogenetic analysis through harmonization.
Equine arteritis virus (EAV) is the causative agent of equine viral arteritis (EVA), a respiratory and reproductive disease of equids, which is notifiable in some countries including the Great Britain (GB) and to the OIE. Herein, we present the case of a persistently infected stallion and the phylogenetic tracing of the virus strain isolated. Discussing EAV occurrence and phylogenetic analysis we review features, which may aid to harmonise and enhance the classification of EAV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Steinbach
- Department of Virology, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Weybridge, Surrey KT15 3NB, United Kingdom
| | - D G Westcott
- Department of Virology, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Weybridge, Surrey KT15 3NB, United Kingdom
| | - S L McGowan
- Department of Virology, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Weybridge, Surrey KT15 3NB, United Kingdom
| | - S S Grierson
- Department of Virology, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Weybridge, Surrey KT15 3NB, United Kingdom
| | - J P Frossard
- Department of Virology, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Weybridge, Surrey KT15 3NB, United Kingdom
| | - B Choudhury
- Department of Virology, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Weybridge, Surrey KT15 3NB, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Affiliation(s)
- D G Westcott
- Department of Virology, Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA), Weybridge, Surrey, UK
| | - B Choudhury
- Department of Virology, Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA), Weybridge, Surrey, UK
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Mester I, Ernst L, Das BP, Choudhury B, Chowdhury DN. Ferric Chloride Induced Dehydrodimerization of Tetrahydrocarbazole. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 2014. [DOI: 10.1515/znb-1984-0623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Ferric chloride induced dehydrodimerization of 1,2,3,4 -tetrahydro -9 H-carbazole (1) gives product 6 , the structure of which was established on the basis of its spectroscopic properties. The 1H and 13C chemical shifts of the aromatic part of 1, as well as of 4a-methyl-2,3,4,4a-tetrahydro-1 H-carbazole (7a) and 4a-phenyl-2,3,4,4a-tetrahydro-1H-carbazole (7b) have also been securely assigned.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I. Mester
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Chemie der Universität Münster, Hittorfstraße 58 — 62, D-4400 Münster
| | - L. Ernst
- GBF — Gesellschaft für Biotechnologische Forschung mbH, Mascheroder Weg 1, D-3300 Braunschweig-Stöckheim
| | - B. P. Das
- Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan 731235, West Bengal. India
| | - B. Choudhury
- Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan 731235, West Bengal. India
| | - D. N. Chowdhury
- Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan 731235, West Bengal. India
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Choudhury B, Finnegan C, Phillips A, Horigan M, Pollard T, Steinbach F. Detection of Bovine Leukaemia Virus Antibodies and Proviral DNA in Colostrum Replacers. Transbound Emerg Dis 2013; 62:e60-1. [DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B. Choudhury
- Department of Virology; Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency (AHVLA); Woodham Lane New Haw Surrey UK
| | - C. Finnegan
- Department of Virology; Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency (AHVLA); Woodham Lane New Haw Surrey UK
| | - A. Phillips
- Department of Virology; Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency (AHVLA); Woodham Lane New Haw Surrey UK
| | - M. Horigan
- Department of Virology; Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency (AHVLA); Woodham Lane New Haw Surrey UK
| | - T. Pollard
- Department of Virology; Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency (AHVLA); Woodham Lane New Haw Surrey UK
| | - F. Steinbach
- Department of Virology; Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency (AHVLA); Woodham Lane New Haw Surrey UK
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Choudhury B. Studies on the blood nicotine level in the oral and oropharyngeal cancers of habitual tobacco users. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2012; 50:230-2. [PMID: 23119424 DOI: 10.1007/bf03006997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- B Choudhury
- ASTE Council's Cancer Research Programme, Government of Assam
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Affiliation(s)
| | - A K Das
- Senior Advisor (ENT), Command Hospital (Eastern Command), Kolkata
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Ghosh SK, Choudhury B, Hansa J, Mondal R, Singh M, Singh M, Duttagupta S, Das A, Kumar R, Laskar RS, Kannan R, Ghosh PR. Human papillomavirus testing for suspected cervical cancer patients from Southern Assam by fast-PCR. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2011; 12:749-751. [PMID: 21627377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023] Open
Abstract
World-wide epidemiological studies have shown that cancer of the uterine cervix is the second most common malignant disease in women. Virtually every cervical cancer (99.7%) is HPV-positive, indicating that the presence of HPV is an obligatory element in their development. The present study was conducted by Fast-PCR (within 15 min.) based diagnosis of HPV 16 and HPV 18 infection amongst patients of suspected cervical cancer, confirmed by cytological methods. Twelve women, out of a total of fifty studied cases who had positive cervical pap smears (24%) were found to be positive for HPV 16/HPV 18 infection when PCR based technique was applied. The results indicate, perhaps, a greater specificity of PCR based diagnosis, or presence of other HPV subtypes as etiological factors in the present study group confined to Southern Assam.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S K Ghosh
- Department of Biotechnology, Assam University, Assam, India.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Welsh MD, Baird PM, Guelbenzu-Gonzalo MP, Hanna A, Reid SM, Essen S, Russell C, Thomas S, Barrass L, McNeilly F, McKillen J, Todd D, Harkin V, McDowell S, Choudhury B, Irvine RM, Borobia J, Grant J, Brown IH. Initial incursion of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 influenza A virus into European pigs. Vet Rec 2010; 166:642-5. [PMID: 20495164 DOI: 10.1136/vr.4851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The initial incursion of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 influenza A virus (pH1N1) into a European pig population is reported. Diagnosis of swine influenza caused by pandemic virus was made during September 2009 following routine submission of samples for differential diagnosis of causative agents of respiratory disease, including influenza A virus. All four pigs (aged six weeks) submitted for investigation from a pig herd of approximately 5000 animals in Northern Ireland, experiencing acute-onset respiratory signs in finishing and growing pigs, were positive by immunofluorescence for influenza A. Follow-up analysis of lung tissue homogenates by real-time RT-PCR confirmed the presence of pH1N1. The virus was subsequently detected on two other premises in Northern Ireland; on one premises, detection followed the pre-export health certification testing of samples from pigs presumed to be subclinically infected as no clinical signs were apparent. None of the premises was linked to another epidemiologically. Sequencing of the haemagglutinin and neuraminidase genes revealed high nucleotide identity (>99.4 per cent) with other pH1N1s isolated from human beings. Genotypic analyses revealed all gene segments to be most closely related to those of contemporary pH1N1 viruses in human beings. It is concluded that all three outbreaks occurred independently, potentially as a result of transmission of the virus from human beings to pigs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M D Welsh
- Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Veterinary Sciences Division, Stoney Road, Omagh, 43 Beltany Road, Omagh BT78 5NF, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Choudhury B, Azad P, Kalita MC. Variability in Symbiotic Effectiveness of Native Rhizobia in Acid Stress. Curr Microbiol 2010; 61:85-91. [DOI: 10.1007/s00284-009-9579-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2009] [Accepted: 12/23/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
27
|
Nigam VK, Khandelwal AK, Gothwal RK, Mohan MK, Choudhury B, Vidyarthi AS, Ghosh P. Nitrilase-catalysed conversion of acrylonitrile by free and immobilized cells of Streptomyces sp. J Biosci 2009; 34:21-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s12038-009-0005-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
28
|
Mahoney C, Choudhury B, Davies H, Bignell G, Stratton M, Futreal A. Human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines with inactivated LKB1 and KRAS mutations are sensitive to MEK inhibition. EJC Suppl 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(08)71300-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
|
29
|
Abstract
Ocular involvement with Gnathostoma spinigerum occurs years after the initial infection that is acquired by ingestion of poorly cooked, pickled seafood or water contaminated with third stage larvae. Here we report a case of gnathostomiasis of the left eye of a 32-year-old lady hailing from Meghalaya, India. Her vision had deteriorated to hand movement. Slit lamp examination revealed a live, actively motile worm in the anterior chamber, which was extracted by supra temporal limbal incision and visual acuity was restored.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Barua
- Department of Microbiology, Gauhati Medical College, Guwahati - 781 024, Assam, India.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
|
31
|
Chu YW, Schmitz S, Choudhury B, Gress R. 42: Insulin-like growth factor I positively regulates thymic function by expansion of thymocyte precursors and thymic epithelial cells. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2006.12.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
32
|
Rastogi S, Varshney MK, Trikha V, Khan SA, Choudhury B, Safaya R. Treatment of aneurysmal bone cysts with percutaneous sclerotherapy using polidocanol. A review of 72 cases with long-term follow-up. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 88:1212-6. [PMID: 16943475 DOI: 10.1302/0301-620x.88b9.17829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Aneurysmal bone cyst is a rare tumour-like lesion which develops during growth. Our aim was to determine the efficacy of the administration of percutaneous intralesional 3% polidocanol (hydroxypolyaethoxydodecan) as sclerotherapy. Between July 1997 and December 2004 we treated 72 patients (46 males, 26 females) with a histologically-proven diagnosis of aneurysmal bone cyst, at various skeletal sites using this method. The sclerotherapy was performed under fluoroscopic guidance and general anaesthesia or sedation and local anaesthesia. The mean follow-up period was 34 months (26.5 to 80). The patients were evaluated using the Enneking system for functional assessment and all the lesions were radiologically quantified into four grades. The mean age of patients was 15.6 years (3 to 38) and the mean number of injections was three (1 to 5). Ten patients were cured by a single injection. The mean reduction in size of the lesion (radiological healing) was found to be 76.6% (61.9% to 93.2%) with a mean clinical response of 84.5% (73.4% to 100%). Recurrence was seen in two patients (2.8%) within two years of treatment and both were treated successfully by further sclerotherapy. Percutaneous sclerotherapy with polidocanol is a safe alternative to conventional surgery for the treatment of an aneurysmal bone cyst. It can be used at surgically-inaccessible sites and treatment can be performed on an out-patient basis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Rastogi
- Department of Orthopaedics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Choudhury B, Aggarwal P, Gothwal RK, Mantri R, Mohan MK, Ghosh P. Biobleaching of nonwoody pulps using xylanase of Bacillus brevis BISR-062. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2006; 128:159-70. [PMID: 16484725 DOI: 10.1385/abab:128:2:159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2005] [Revised: 09/02/2005] [Accepted: 09/09/2005] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The efficiency of xylanase of Bacillus brevis BISR-062 as a prebleaching agent was evaluated on three nonwoody pulps at two different pH values (7.0 and 8.5). Crude xylanase was found to have an optimum temperature and pH of 65-70 degrees C and 7.0, respectively. The stability of the enzyme was determined at two pH values (7.0 and 8.0), and it lost approx 50% of its activity at both values within 2 h at 50 degrees C. However, the enzyme was found to be effective as a prebleaching agent only with rice straw pulp. A maximum brightness gain of 6 points was obtained with this pulp at pH 7.0. The strength properties of the rice straw pulp at pH 7.0 also improved as the result of enzyme treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Choudhury
- Birla Institute of Scientific Research, Statue Circle, Jaipur, 302001, India
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Chu YW, Schmitz S, Choudhury B, Gress R. Insulin-like growth factor I is a positive regulator of thymic function. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2005.11.246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
35
|
|
36
|
Choudhury B, Swaminathan T. Lactic Acid Fermentation in Cell-Recycle Membrane Bioreactor. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2006; 128:171-84. [PMID: 16484726 DOI: 10.1385/abab:128:2:171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2005] [Revised: 08/25/2005] [Accepted: 08/28/2005] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Traditional lactic acid fermentation suffers from low productivity and low product purity. Cell-recycle fermentation has become one of the methods to obtain high cell density, which results in higher productivity. Lactic acid fermentation was investigated in a cell-recycle membrane bioreactor at higher substrate concentrations of 100 and 120 g/dm3. A maximum cell density of 145 g/dm3 and a maximum productivity of 34 g/(dm3.h) were achieved in cell-recycle fermentation. In spite of complete consumption of substrate, there was a continuous increase in cell density in cell-recycle fermentation. Control of cell density in cell-recycle fermentation was attempted by cell bleeding and reduction in yeast extract concentration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Choudhury
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, Chennai 600 036, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Tamayo R, Choudhury B, Septer A, Merighi M, Carlson R, Gunn JS. Identification of cptA, a PmrA-regulated locus required for phosphoethanolamine modification of the Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium lipopolysaccharide core. J Bacteriol 2005; 187:3391-9. [PMID: 15866924 PMCID: PMC1112023 DOI: 10.1128/jb.187.10.3391-3399.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In response to the in vivo environment, the Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is modified. These modifications are controlled in part by the two-component regulatory system PmrA-PmrB, with the addition of 4-aminoarabinose (Ara4N) to the lipid A and phosphoethanolamine (pEtN) to the lipid A and core. Here we demonstrate that the PmrA-regulated STM4118 (cptA) gene is necessary for the addition of pEtN to the LPS core. pmrC, a PmrA-regulated gene necessary for the addition of pEtN to lipid A, did not affect core pEtN addition. Although imparting a similar surface charge modification as Ara4N, which greatly affects polymyxin B resistance and murine virulence, neither pmrC nor cptA plays a dramatic role in antimicrobial peptide resistance in vitro or virulence in the mouse model. Therefore, factors other than surface charge/electrostatic interaction contribute to resistance to antimicrobial peptides such as polymyxin B.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Tamayo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229-3900, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Dharajiya N, Estrada A, Choudhury B, Alam R, Clancy B, Sur S. Allergen challenge induces a Th1 signature characterized by upregulation of IFN-γ induced GTPase family of proteins. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2004.12.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
39
|
Choudhury B. A general study of carcinoma oesophagus in Assam. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1999; 52:30-2. [PMID: 23119616 PMCID: PMC3451206 DOI: 10.1007/bf02996428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A general study has been performed in the Gauhati Medical College Hospital(GMCH), Gauhati on Carcinoma oesophagus. Altogether 687 cases of carcinoma oesophagus cases were admitted in. the CMCH during the years s 1988 to 1992 i.e. 5 years period of time and studied. This study recorded incidence, age and sex distribution, presenting symptoms, methods of diagnosis, relation to tobacco habit and also treatment procedures and prognosis were also recorded along with its analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Choudhury
- Government Sponsored Cancer Research Project, Health Home, Kharghuli, Gauhati, 781 004 Assam
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Taylor S, Back DJ, Workman J, Drake SM, White DJ, Choudhury B, Cane PA, Beards GM, Halifax K, Pillay D. Poor penetration of the male genital tract by HIV-1 protease inhibitors. AIDS 1999; 13:859-60. [PMID: 10357387 DOI: 10.1097/00002030-199905070-00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
41
|
Abstract
Growth in weight, stature, sitting height, lower extremity length, head circumference and girth of biceps, chest and calf were studied in a cross-sectional sample of Assamese Muslims in Kamrup district, Assam, India. The sample comprised 835 boys and 894 girls, aged 3-20 years. The average growth pattern for the linear body dimensions was analysed by fitting Preece Baines model I to the mean values. The other dimensions were analysed in terms of simple line charts. Average final size and age at peak velocity of the linear dimensions were derived from the fitted curves. The data for height and weight were compared with other samples of the same district, with national urban and rural growth data for India, and with the NCHS growth standards. Mean height and weight of Assamese Muslim children fluctuates between the 5th and 10th centile of the NCHS standards up to approximately 15 years in boys and 13 years in girls. Thereafter, average length and weight lags behind the American standards, ending up below the 5th centile. The differences between the growth of Assamese Muslims and other populations are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Begum
- Department of Anthropology, Dibrugarh University, Assam, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Muchall HM, Werstiuk NH, Choudhury B, Ma J, Warkentin J, Pezacki JP. Thermolysis of 2,2-dimethoxy-5,5-dimethyl- Δ 3- 1,3,4- oxadiazoline studied with photoelectron spectroscopy. He(I) photoelectron spectrum of dimethoxycarbene. CAN J CHEM 1998. [DOI: 10.1139/v97-233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Gas phase thermolysis of 2,2-dimethoxy-5,5-dimethyl- Δ3-1,3,4-oxadiazoline (1) in an ultraviolet photoelectron spectrometer by means of a CW CO2 laser as directed heat source at 26 W gave a complex PE spectrum that included ionization bands belonging to acetone, tetramethoxyethylene (3), and dimethyl oxalate (4). Subtraction of the spectra of acetone, 3, and 4 from the pyrolysis spectrum of 1 left a simple PE spectrum that is attributed to dimethoxycarbene (2) along with some ethane. ecke3LYP/6-31+G* calculations gave first adiabatic and vertical ionization potentials of 2 as well as orbital energies that are in perfect agreement with experimental values. From the available experimental and calculational data, 2 is assumed to adopt a w conformation.Key words: dimethoxycarbene, 2,2-dimethoxy- Δ3-1,3,4-oxadiazoline, tetramethoxyethylene, He(I) photoelectron spectroscopy, thermolysis.
Collapse
|
43
|
Muchall H, Werstiuk N, Choudhury B, Ma J, Warkentin J, Pezacki J. Thermolysis of 2,2-dimetho×y-5,5-dimethyl- Δ 3- 1,3,4- o×adiazoline studied with photoelectron spectroscopy. He(I) photoelectron spectrum of dimetho×ycarbene. CAN J CHEM 1998. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-76-2-238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
44
|
Gogoi SC, Dev V, Choudhury B, Phookan S. Susceptibility of Plasmodium falciparum to chloroquine in tea garden tribes of Assam, India. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 1995; 26:228-30. [PMID: 8629050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
P. falciparum was the predominant parasite ( > 80%) species in malaria ridden tea estates of Assam. A simplified 3 day in vivo test to determine chloroquine sensitivity in tea garden tribes revealed that the majority of the cases (85%) were S/RI, 7% were RI, and 3% were RII and 5% were RIII, respectively. Early case detection and treatment were deemed necessary to reduce morbidity and mortality due to P. falciparum in these tea estates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S C Gogoi
- Tarajulie Tea Estate, Rangapara, Sonitpur, Assam
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Abstract
A brief description is given of an outbreak of foot and mouth disease in gayals (Bos gaurus frontalis) which occurred in Calcutta Zoo in October 1990. Four of the five affected animals died within ten days of onset of the disease. The disease did not spread to other animals in the Zoo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Choudhury
- All India Coordinated Research Project (AICRP) on Foot and Mouth Disease, Calcutta
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Choudhury B, Khanna U, Roy D. Primary carcinoma of gall bladder. J Indian Med Assoc 1981; 76:223-7. [PMID: 7343614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
|
47
|
Choudhury B, Dutt SC, Roy RG, Pattanayak S. Chloroquine resistant P. falciparum in Chandrapur district of Maharastra state. J Commun Dis 1981; 13:142-4. [PMID: 7045198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
|
48
|
Khanna U, Choudhury B, Roy D. Tuberculous diaphysitis of long bones. J Indian Med Assoc 1980; 75:71-2. [PMID: 7217689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
|
49
|
Choudhury B, Khanna U. An unusual presentation of a mycotic aneurysm of popliteal artery. J Indian Med Assoc 1979; 73:170-1. [PMID: 583548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
50
|
|