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Major L, Lackner JM, Kot M, Major R, Dyner M, Major B. Wear mechanisms description in nanoscale by SEM/TEM of multilayer Zr/ZrN coatings in dependence on phases ratio. J Microsc 2023; 289:3-19. [PMID: 36150069 DOI: 10.1111/jmi.13144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
As a result of loading with an external force during the wear process, coating deforms uniformly. After a certain limit load is exceeded, coating deformation is localised through the formation of the so-called shear bands. It has been showed experimentally the process of shear bands formation. The microstructural characterisation before and after the mechanical tests was performed using scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM) on cross-sections of the samples. The analysis indicated that in the case of multilayer coatings where the ratio of the metallic to the ceramic phase is 1:1, the shear bands are formed at an angle of 45°. With a greater proportion of the ceramic phase to metallic (ratio 1:2), the shear band changed the shear angle from ∼45° to ∼90°. Mechanical in situ tests were carried out in the chambers of SEM and TEM. The scratch tests in the SEM were done with the simultaneous observation of the phenomena occurring on the surface of the tested materials showed that at a scratch force of 0.04 N, the additional outer a-C:H layer was damaged, which was shown in the form of a fault in the force-displacement diagram, and in the form of splits visible in the SEM image. However, the application of this additional layer had a positive effect on the wear mechanism of the entire coating structure. The test also indicated that in the case of coatings with phases ratio 1:2 and 1:4 (metallic to ceramic), the characteristics of the brittle material were demonstrated, unlike the coating with a 1:1 phase ratio, where plastic properties predominated. However, for the 1:2 phase ratio coating, the chip was more ductile than for the chip formed when testing a 1:4 phase ratio coating. For in situ mechanical testing in the TEM, a straining holder was used. The test showed that the shear band angle for a 1:1 ratio coating has changed from 45° to 90° due to the different direction of force interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Major
- Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Polish Academy of Sciences, Cracow, Poland
| | - J M Lackner
- JOANNEUM RESEARCH - Materials, Institute for Surface Technologies and Photonics, Niklasdorf, Austria
| | - M Kot
- Laboratory of Surface Engineering and Tribology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Robotics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Cracow, Poland
| | - R Major
- Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Polish Academy of Sciences, Cracow, Poland
| | - M Dyner
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Jan Dlugosz University, Czestochowa, Poland.,CHIRMED - Manufacturer of Surgical and Medical Instruments, Rudniki, Poland
| | - B Major
- Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Polish Academy of Sciences, Cracow, Poland
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Hamad S, Montgomery SA, Simon JM, Bowman BM, Spainhower KB, Murphy RM, Witkiewicz A, Fenton SE, Randell SH, Hayes N, Knudsen E, Oliver TG, Major B, Weissman BE. Abstract 921: The Nrf2E79Q activating mutation accelerates growth of pure-small cell lung cancer but not combined small cell lung cancer Tp53floxed/floxed/Cdkn2afloxed/floxed mice. Cancer Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Inactivating mutations in TP53/P16 are found in most types of non-small cell lung cancer while RB1/P16 losspredominates in small cell lung cancer (SCLC). NRF2 activating mutations are also found frequently in lungcancer, especially in lung squamous cell carcinoma. However, how concurrent mutations in these genes maycontribute to lung cancer development is not fully understood. To address this problem, we compared lung tumordevelopment in a genetically-engineered mouse model (GEMM) with dual Trp53/p16 deficiency, +/- expressionof one of the most common mutations in NRF2 found in human tumors, Nrf2E79Q/+. Surprisingly, both groups,Nrf2E79Q/+ and Nrf2+/+, developed combined-SCLC (C-SCLC): a mixture of SCLC and large cell neuroendocrine(NE) carcinoma along with pure-SCLC (P-SCLC). The appearance of C-SCLC implicates Trp53/p16 double lossin the development of this type of lung cancer. Both groups developed C-SCLC at the same penetrance andincidence; all tumors labeled positive for NE-markers by immunohistochemistry (IHC) including ASCL1, SYP andINSM1. However, C-SCLCs developed by Nrf2E79Q/+ mice did not show NRF2 labeling by IHC, despiterecombination of the Nrf2E79Q/+ allele. In contrast, the Nrf2E79Q/+ mice showed significantly higher incidence of P-SCLC compared to Nrf2+/+ mice. All P-SCLC from Nrf2E79Q/+ mice were NRF2-positive by IHC, while the fewtumors developed by Nrf2+/+ mice were negative. All P-SCLC lesions labeled positive for NE-markers includingASCL1, CGRP & SYP. Both C-SCLCs & P-SCLCs were positive for NKX1.2 (lung cancer-marker) and negativefor P63 (squamous cell-marker). Interestingly, phospho-RB1 was positive for both C-SCLCs & P-SCLCs,suggesting the loss of p16 in our GEMM inactivates Rb1 through loss of inhibition of the cyclin dependent kinases4/6 (CDK4/6). This is the first study showing that the concurrent inactivation of Trp53/p16 in mice drivesdevelopment of C-SCLC. Our study also implicated activation of NRF2 signaling in the progression of SCLC.Our next studies will dissect the mechanisms by which NRF2 activation contributes to the development of SCLCdevelopment.
Citation Format: Samera Hamad, Stephanie A. Montgomery, Jeremy M. Simon, Brittany M. Bowman, Kyle B. Spainhower, Ryan M. Murphy, Agnieszka Witkiewicz, Suzanne E. Fenton, Scott H. Randell, Neil Hayes, Erik Knudsen, Trudy G. Oliver, Ben Major, Bernard E. Weissman. The Nrf2E79Q activating mutation accelerates growth of pure-small cell lung cancer but not combined small cell lung cancer Tp53floxed/floxed/Cdkn2afloxed/floxed mice [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 921.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Neil Hayes
- 7University of Tennessee Health Science Center for Cancer Research, Memphis, TN
| | - Erik Knudsen
- 4Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY
| | | | - Ben Major
- 1UNC-Lineberger Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC
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Lackner J, Waldhauser W, Ebner R, Major B, Schöberl T. Morphological, Structural and Tribological Characterisation of Pulsed Laser Deposited Titanium Nitride Coatings / Morphologische, strukturelle und tribologische Charakterisierung von Titannitrid-Uberzügen aufgebracht durch Impulslaser-Beschichtung. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/pm-2004-411002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Hamad SH, Montgomery S, Bowman B, Murphy R, Major B, Weissman B. Abstract 1628: Activation of the Nrf2E79Q mutation in mouse lung accelerate development of lung squamous dysplasia. Cancer Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2020-1628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
NFE2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a transcription factor that regulates more than 500 genes in human cells to protect them from oxidative damage. Somatic mutations in NRF2 resulting in constitutively Nrf2 signaling have been implicated as driver mutations in cancer, especially lung cancer. However, the mechanisms by which NRF2 activating mutations drive tumor development remains unresolved. Therefore, we used a novel genetically engineered mouse model (GEMM), LSL-Nrf2E79Q/+, to understand the role of this activating mutation (one of the most common mutations found in human tumors) in the development of lung tumors. We compared tumor development in two groups of mice: p53fl/fl; p16fl/fl; LSL-Nrf2+/+ (WT, n=38) and p53fl/fl; p16fl/fl; Nrf2E79Q/+ (Het, n=37). We used intranasal instillation of Adenoviral Cre at 6-8 weeks of age to activate the Nrf2E79Q allele and inactivate p53 and p16. Among other tumors, lung tumors were the most common tumors that were found in the GEMM, with major subtypes of lung squamous dysplasia (LSD: pre-malignant lesions of lung squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC)) and lung adenocarcinoma (LADC). Additionally, Het mice showed significantly higher LSD (30%) compared to WT mice (11%) implicating Nrf2E79Q/+ in LSD initiation. However, no significant difference in LADC was observed in Het mice compared to WT mice. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) including Nrf2, TTF1, CK7 and p63 was used to differentiate lung tumors. LADC of WT and Het mice showed negative Nrf2 staining despite the presence of the recombined Nrf2E79Q/+ allele in the Het tumors. However, LSDs developed by Het mice showed positive Nrf2 staining, while those in WT mice were negative, suggesting the mutant Nrf2 increased the frequency of LSDs. LADC of both groups was positive for TTF1 (A primary-non small lung cancer marker, mostly LADC) and CK7 (Cytokeratin7: a marker of epithelial cells). However, LSD lesions were also positive for TTF1. No p63 (a marker of LSCC) stain was shown for LADC of both groups; while p63 was negative to mildly positive in the case of LSD. Results of this study appear consistent with TCGA results where LADC predominantly contained Keap1 loss, while Nrf2 mutations frequently appeared in LSCC. This is the first study to show that a common activating mutation of Nrf2 promotes initiation of LSD that could further develop into LSCC.
Citation Format: Samera H. Hamad, Stephanie Montgomery, Brittany Bowman, Ryan Murphy, Ben Major, Bernard Weissman. Activation of the Nrf2E79Q mutation in mouse lung accelerate development of lung squamous dysplasia [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 1628.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ryan Murphy
- UNC Lineberger Comp. Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Ben Major
- UNC Lineberger Comp. Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC
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Makos I, Orfanos I, Nayak A, Peschel J, Major B, Liontos I, Skantzakis E, Papadakis N, Kalpouzos C, Dumergue M, Kühn S, Varju K, Johnsson P, L'Huillier A, Tzallas P, Charalambidis D. Α 10-gigawatt attosecond source for non-linear XUV optics and XUV-pump-XUV-probe studies. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3759. [PMID: 32111920 PMCID: PMC7048767 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60331-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The quantum mechanical motion of electrons and nuclei in systems spatially confined to the molecular dimensions occurs on the sub-femtosecond to the femtosecond timescales respectively. Consequently, the study of ultrafast electronic and, in specific cases, nuclear dynamics requires the availability of light pulses with attosecond (asec) duration and of sufficient intensity to induce two-photon processes, essential for probing the intrinsic system dynamics. The majority of atoms, molecules and solids absorb in the extreme-ultraviolet (XUV) spectral region, in which the synthesis of the required attosecond pulses is feasible. Therefore, the XUV spectral region optimally serves the study of such ultrafast phenomena. Here, we present a detailed review of the first 10-GW class XUV attosecond source based on laser driven high harmonic generation in rare gases. The pulse energy of this source largely exceeds other laser driven attosecond sources and is comparable to the pulse energy of femtosecond Free-Electron-Laser (FEL) XUV sources. The measured pulse duration in the attosecond pulse train is 650 ± 80 asec. The uniqueness of the combined high intensity and short pulse duration of the source is evidenced in non-linear XUV-optics experiments. It further advances the implementation of XUV-pump-XUV-probe experiments and enables the investigation of strong field effects in the XUV spectral region.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Makos
- Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas, Institute of Electronic Structure & Laser, GR71110, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.,Department of Physics, University of Crete, GR71003, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - I Orfanos
- Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas, Institute of Electronic Structure & Laser, GR71110, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.,Department of Physics, University of Crete, GR71003, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - A Nayak
- Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas, Institute of Electronic Structure & Laser, GR71110, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.,ELI-ALPS, ELI-Hu Non-Profit Ltd., Dugonics tér 13, H-6720, Szeged, Hungary.,Institute of Physics, University of Szeged, Dom tér 9, 6720, Szeged, Hungary
| | - J Peschel
- Department of Physics, Lund University, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - B Major
- ELI-ALPS, ELI-Hu Non-Profit Ltd., Dugonics tér 13, H-6720, Szeged, Hungary
| | - I Liontos
- Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas, Institute of Electronic Structure & Laser, GR71110, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - E Skantzakis
- Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas, Institute of Electronic Structure & Laser, GR71110, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - N Papadakis
- Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas, Institute of Electronic Structure & Laser, GR71110, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - C Kalpouzos
- Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas, Institute of Electronic Structure & Laser, GR71110, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - M Dumergue
- ELI-ALPS, ELI-Hu Non-Profit Ltd., Dugonics tér 13, H-6720, Szeged, Hungary
| | - S Kühn
- ELI-ALPS, ELI-Hu Non-Profit Ltd., Dugonics tér 13, H-6720, Szeged, Hungary
| | - K Varju
- ELI-ALPS, ELI-Hu Non-Profit Ltd., Dugonics tér 13, H-6720, Szeged, Hungary.,Department of Optics and Quantum Electronics, University of Szeged, Dom tér 9, 6720, Szeged, Hungary
| | - P Johnsson
- Department of Physics, Lund University, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - A L'Huillier
- Department of Physics, Lund University, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - P Tzallas
- Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas, Institute of Electronic Structure & Laser, GR71110, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.,ELI-ALPS, ELI-Hu Non-Profit Ltd., Dugonics tér 13, H-6720, Szeged, Hungary
| | - D Charalambidis
- Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas, Institute of Electronic Structure & Laser, GR71110, Heraklion, Crete, Greece. .,Department of Physics, University of Crete, GR71003, Heraklion, Crete, Greece. .,ELI-ALPS, ELI-Hu Non-Profit Ltd., Dugonics tér 13, H-6720, Szeged, Hungary.
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Burgess J, Major B, McNeel C, Clarke G, Youssef G, Lum J, Enticott P. Learning to expect: Predicting sounds during movement is related to sensorimotor associations during listening. Brain Stimul 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2018.12.361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Jackson KA, Stroika S, Katz LS, Beal J, Brandt E, Nadon C, Reimer A, Major B, Conrad A, Tarr C, Jackson BR, Mody RK. Use of Whole Genome Sequencing and Patient Interviews To Link a Case of Sporadic Listeriosis to Consumption of Prepackaged Lettuce. J Food Prot 2016; 79:806-9. [PMID: 27296429 PMCID: PMC4910634 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-15-384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We report on a case of listeriosis in a patient who probably consumed a prepackaged romaine lettuce-containing product recalled for Listeria monocytogenes contamination. Although definitive epidemiological information demonstrating exposure to the specific recalled product was lacking, the patient reported consumption of a prepackaged romaine lettuce-containing product of either the recalled brand or a different brand. A multinational investigation found that patient and food isolates from the recalled product were indistinguishable by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and were highly related by whole genome sequencing, differing by four alleles by whole genome multilocus sequence typing and by five high-quality single nucleotide polymorphisms, suggesting a common source. To our knowledge, this is the first time prepackaged lettuce has been identified as a likely source for listeriosis. This investigation highlights the power of whole genome sequencing, as well as the continued need for timely and thorough epidemiological exposure data to identify sources of foodborne infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Jackson
- Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road N.E., Atlanta, Georgia 30329, USA.
| | - S Stroika
- Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road N.E., Atlanta, Georgia 30329, USA
| | - L S Katz
- Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road N.E., Atlanta, Georgia 30329, USA
| | - J Beal
- Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, USA
| | - E Brandt
- Ohio Department of Health Laboratory, 8995 East Main Street, Building 22, Reynoldsburg, Ohio 43068, USA
| | - C Nadon
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, 1015 Arlington Street, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3E 3R2
| | - A Reimer
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, 1015 Arlington Street, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3E 3R2
| | - B Major
- Greater Toronto Area Laboratory, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, 2301 Midland Avenue, Scarborough, Ontario, Canada M1P 4R7
| | - A Conrad
- Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road N.E., Atlanta, Georgia 30329, USA; Atlanta Research and Education Foundation, Suite 355, Atlanta, Georgia 30329, USA
| | - C Tarr
- Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road N.E., Atlanta, Georgia 30329, USA
| | - B R Jackson
- Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road N.E., Atlanta, Georgia 30329, USA
| | - R K Mody
- Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road N.E., Atlanta, Georgia 30329, USA
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Mzyk A, Major R, Lackner JM, Bruckert F, Wilczek P, Major B. Effect of the silicon carbide nanoparticles introduction on biological properties of porous polymer coatings. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra14474k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The multilayer polyelectrolyte films (PEMs) seem to be a promising material to reconstruct the structure and behavior of the extracellular matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Mzyk
- Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- 30-059 Krakow
- Poland
| | - R. Major
- Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- 30-059 Krakow
- Poland
| | - J. M. Lackner
- Joanneum Research Forschungsges mbH
- Institute of Surface Technologies and Photonics
- Functional Surfaces
- Austria
| | - F. Bruckert
- Laboratoire des Matériaux et du Génie Physique Grenoble Institute of Technology
- Grenoble
- France
| | - P. Wilczek
- Foundation for Cardiac Surgery Development
- 41-800 Zabrze
- Poland
| | - B. Major
- Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- 30-059 Krakow
- Poland
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Major L, Janusz M, Kot M, Lackner JM, Major B. Development and complex characterization of bio-tribological Cr/CrN + a-C:H (doped Cr) nano-multilayer protective coatings for carbon–fiber-composite materials. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra12765j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Microstructure characterization of an as deposited coating; (a) image obtained using SEM; (b) image done by TEM technique in STEM mode. Microstructure characterization of the coating at the cross-section, done by TEM; (a) TEM BF image; (b) STEM image.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Major
- Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- 30-059 Cracow
- Poland
| | - M. Janusz
- Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- 30-059 Cracow
- Poland
| | - M. Kot
- AGH University of Science and Technology
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Robotics
- Laboratory of Surface Engineering and Tribology
- PL-30059 Cracow
- Poland
| | - J. M. Lackner
- JOANNEUM RESEARCH – Materials – Institute for Surface Technologies and Photonics
- 8712 Niklasdorf
- Austria
| | - B. Major
- Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- 30-059 Cracow
- Poland
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Myasoedova E, Chandran A, Ilhan B, Major B, Matteson E, Crowson C. SAT0138 Cumulative Burden of Rheumatoid Arthritis Disease Severity Impacts Cardiovascular Disease Risk. Ann Rheum Dis 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.3880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Stone JM, Fisher HL, Major B, Chisholm B, Woolley J, Lawrence J, Rahaman N, Joyce J, Hinton M, Johnson S, Young AH. Cannabis use and first-episode psychosis: relationship with manic and psychotic symptoms, and with age at presentation. Psychol Med 2014; 44:499-506. [PMID: 23701858 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291713000883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cannabis use has been reported to be associated with an earlier onset of symptoms in patients with first-episode psychosis, and a worse outcome in those who continue to take cannabis. In general, studies have concentrated on symptoms of psychosis rather than mania. In this study, using a longitudinal design in a large naturalistic cohort of patients with first-episode psychosis, we investigated the relationship between cannabis use, age of presentation to services, daily functioning, and positive, negative and manic symptoms. METHOD Clinical data on 502 patients with first-episode psychosis were collected using the MiData audit database from seven London-based Early Intervention in psychosis teams. Individuals were assessed at two time points--at entry to the service and after 1 year. On each occasion, the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, Young Mania Rating Scale and Global Assessment of Functioning Scale disability subscale were rated. At both time points, the use of cannabis and other drugs of abuse in the 6 months preceding each assessment was recorded. RESULTS Level of cannabis use was associated with a younger age at presentation, and manic symptoms and conceptual disorganization, but not with delusions, hallucinations, negative symptoms or daily functioning. Cannabis users who reduced or stopped their use following contact with services had the greatest improvement in symptoms at 1 year compared with continued users and non-users. Continued users remained more symptomatic than non-users at follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Effective interventions for reducing cannabis use may yield significant health benefits for patients with first-episode psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - H L Fisher
- Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - B Major
- EQUIP, East London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - B Chisholm
- Wandsworth Early Intervention Service, South West London and St George's Mental Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - J Woolley
- Wandsworth Early Intervention Service, South West London and St George's Mental Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - J Lawrence
- Southwark Early Intervention Service, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - N Rahaman
- Westminster and Kensington & Chelsea Early Intervention Service, London, UK
| | - J Joyce
- Lewisham Early Intervention Service, London, UK
| | - M Hinton
- University College London, London, UK
| | - S Johnson
- University College London, London, UK
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Major L, Lackner JM, Major B. Bio-tribological TiN/Ti/a-C : H multilayer coatings development with a built-in mechanism of controlled wear. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra46944a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Mzyk A, Major R, Lackner JM, Bruckert F, Major B. Cytotoxicity control of SiC nanoparticles introduced into polyelectrolyte multilayer films. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra03914a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, biosensor technology development is directed toward improvement of sensing devices' biocompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Mzyk
- Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- Krakow, Poland
| | - R. Major
- Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- Krakow, Poland
| | - J. M. Lackner
- Joanneum Research Forschungs-GmbH
- Materials – Functional Surfaces
- Leoben, Austria
| | | | - B. Major
- Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- Krakow, Poland
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Coleman KE, Yan F, Major B, Cook JG. Investigating the regulation of DNA replication origin licensing during cellular quiescence. FASEB J 2013. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.27.1_supplement.538.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kate Elizabeth Coleman
- Curriculum in Genetics & Molecular BiologyUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC
| | - Feng Yan
- Cell Biology & PhysiologyUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC
| | - Ben Major
- Cell Biology & PhysiologyUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC
| | - Jeanette Gowen Cook
- Biochemistry & BiophysicsUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC
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Abstract
Multilayer Cr/CrN/Cr/Cr(N,C) and Cr/CrN with 8 and 32 layer coatings were deposited on austenite substrates using pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique. The microstructure observations were performed using Philips CM20trade mark, TECNAI G(2) F20 - TWINtrade mark and JEOL EX4000trade mark transmission microscopes. The performed experiments indicated that lowering the argon flow from 60 to 30 cm(3)/s during chromium ablation changes buffer layers microstructure from nearly amorphous to nano-crystalline. The nitride or carbo-nitride layers turned out to be less sensitive to changes in nitrogen flow during deposition. The columnar microstructure of Cr layers is coarser than those in CrN ones under the same deposition condition. This observation proved also that relying on PLD technique as thin as 30 nm layers might be formed within multilayer Cr/CrN coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Morgiel
- Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science PAS, Cracow, Poland.
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Abstract
The authors tested the Supreme Court's assumption that minors are particularly susceptible to psychological distress following abortion. The responses of 38 minors (age < 18 years) were compared with those of 402 adults, 1 month and 2 years after an elective, 1st-trimester abortion. Minors were relatively less satisfied with their abortion decision and felt less benefit from the abortion than did adults 1 month postabortion, but they did not differ from adults in adjustment 2 years postabortion. Minors were not more depressed than adults at either time period, and their decision satisfaction and perceived benefit at both time periods did not suggest a population at risk. Age group differences in adjustment 1 month postabortion were explained by minors' reduced self-efficacy appraisals for coping, greater use of avoidant coping strategies, and greater perceived parental conflict. These findings challenge the Court's assumption that minors are particularly vulnerable to psychological harm following abortion.
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Affiliation(s)
- W J Quinton
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA.
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Schmader T, Major B, Eccleston CP, McCoy SK. Devaluing domains in response to threatening intergroup comparisons: perceived legitimacy and the status value asymmetry. J Pers Soc Psychol 2001; 80:782-96. [PMID: 11374749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Group status and status legitimacy were tested as moderators of devaluing in response to threatening intergroup comparisons. In 3 experiments, participants received feedback comparing their in-group (based on school or gender) to a higher or lower status out-group. When the legitimacy of group status differences was assumed (Studies 1 and 2) or manipulated (Study 3), participants devalued the domain when their in-group compared unfavorably with a lower status out-group but did not devalue the domain when their in-group compared unfavorably with a higher status out-group. In Study 3, this status value asymmetry was eliminated when status differences were delegitimized. Mediational analyses suggested that the status value asymmetry was explained by the perceived utility of the domain for gaining status-relevant rewards.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Schmader
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson 85721-0068, USA.
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Major B, Cozzarelli C, Cooper ML, Zubek J, Richards C, Wilhite M, Gramzow RH. Psychological responses of women after first-trimester abortion. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2000; 57:777-84. [PMID: 10920466 DOI: 10.1001/archpsyc.57.8.777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Controversy exists over psychological risks associated with abortion. The objectives of this study were to examine women's emotions, evaluations, and mental health after an abortion, as well as changes over time in these responses and their predictors. METHODS Women arriving at 1 of 3 sites for an abortion of a first-trimester unintended pregnancy were randomly approached to participate in a longitudinal study with 4 assessments-1 hour before the abortion, and 1 hour, 1 month, and 2 years after the abortion. Eight hundred eighty-two (85%) of 1043 eligible women approached agreed; 442 (50%) of 882 were followed for 2 years. Preabortion and postabortion depression and self-esteem, postabortion emotions, decision satisfaction, perceived harm and benefit, and posttraumatic stress disorder were assessed. Demographic variables and prior mental health were examined as predictors of postabortion psychological responses. RESULTS Two years postabortion, 301 (72%) of 418 women were satisfied with their decision; 306 (69%) of 441 said they would have the abortion again; 315 (72%) of 440 reported more benefit than harm from their abortion; and 308 (80%) of 386 were not depressed. Six (1%) of 442 reported posttraumatic stress disorder. Depression decreased and self-esteem increased from preabortion to postabortion, but negative emotions increased and decision satisfaction decreased over time. Prepregnancy history of depression was a risk factor for depression, lower self-esteem, and more negative abortion-specific outcomes 2 years postabortion. Younger age and having more children preabortion also predicted more negative abortion evaluations. CONCLUSIONS Most women do not experience psychological problems or regret their abortion 2 years postabortion, but some do. Those who do tend to be women with a prior history of depression.
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MESH Headings
- Abortion Applicants/psychology
- Abortion, Induced/psychology
- Abortion, Induced/statistics & numerical data
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Attitude to Health
- Depression, Postpartum/diagnosis
- Depression, Postpartum/epidemiology
- Emotions
- Female
- Humans
- Longitudinal Studies
- Outcome Assessment, Health Care
- Personal Satisfaction
- Postpartum Period/psychology
- Pregnancy
- Pregnancy Trimester, First/psychology
- Regression Analysis
- Risk Factors
- Sampling Studies
- Self Concept
- Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/diagnosis
- Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/epidemiology
- Stress, Psychological/diagnosis
- Stress, Psychological/epidemiology
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Affiliation(s)
- B Major
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106. USA.
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20
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Abstract
This study examined the stigma of abortion and psychological implications of concealment among 442 women followed for 2 years from the day of their abortion. As predicted, women who felt stigmatized by abortion were more likely to feel a need to keep it a secret from family and friends. Secrecy was related positively to suppressing thoughts of the abortion and negatively to disclosing abortion-related emotions to others. Greater thought suppression was associated with experiencing more intrusive thoughts of the abortion. Both suppression and intrusive thoughts, in turn, were positively related to increases in psychological distress over time. Emotional disclosure moderated the association between intrusive thoughts and distress. Disclosure was associated with decreases in distress among women experiencing intrusive thoughts of their abortion, but was unrelated to distress among women not experiencing intrusive thoughts.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Major
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Santa Barbara 93106-9660, USA.
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21
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Abstract
This study examined the stigma of abortion and psychological implications of concealment among 442 women followed for 2 years from the day of their abortion. As predicted, women who felt stigmatized by abortion were more likely to feel a need to keep it a secret from family and friends. Secrecy was related positively to suppressing thoughts of the abortion and negatively to disclosing abortion-related emotions to others. Greater thought suppression was associated with experiencing more intrusive thoughts of the abortion. Both suppression and intrusive thoughts, in turn, were positively related to increases in psychological distress over time. Emotional disclosure moderated the association between intrusive thoughts and distress. Disclosure was associated with decreases in distress among women experiencing intrusive thoughts of their abortion, but was unrelated to distress among women not experiencing intrusive thoughts.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Major
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Santa Barbara 93106-9660, USA.
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22
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Major B, Richards C, Cooper ML, Cozzarelli C, Zubek J. Personal resilience, cognitive appraisals, and coping: an integrative model of adjustment to abortion. J Pers Soc Psychol 1998. [PMID: 9523416 DOI: 10.1037//0022-3514.74.3.735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We hypothesized that the effects of personality (self-esteem, control, and optimism) on postabortion adaptation (distress, well-being, and decision satisfaction) would be fully mediated by preabortion cognitive appraisals (stress appraisals and self-efficacy appraisals) and postabortion coping. We further proposed that the effects of preabortion appraisals on adaptation would be fully mediated by postabortion coping. Results of a longitudinal study of 527 women who had first-trimester abortions supported our hypotheses. Women with more resilient personalities appraised their abortion as less stressful and had higher self-efficacy for coping with the abortion. More positive appraisals predicted greater acceptance/reframing coping and lesser avoidance/denial, venting, support seeking, and religious coping. Acceptance-reframing predicted better adjustment on all measures, whereas avoidance-denial and venting related to poorer adjustment on all measures. Greater support seeking was associated with reduced distress, and greater religious coping was associated with less decision satisfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Major
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Santa Barbara 93106, USA.
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23
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Major B, Richards C, Cooper ML, Cozzarelli C, Zubek J. Personal resilience, cognitive appraisals, and coping: an integrative model of adjustment to abortion. J Pers Soc Psychol 1998; 74:735-52. [PMID: 9523416 DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.74.3.735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We hypothesized that the effects of personality (self-esteem, control, and optimism) on postabortion adaptation (distress, well-being, and decision satisfaction) would be fully mediated by preabortion cognitive appraisals (stress appraisals and self-efficacy appraisals) and postabortion coping. We further proposed that the effects of preabortion appraisals on adaptation would be fully mediated by postabortion coping. Results of a longitudinal study of 527 women who had first-trimester abortions supported our hypotheses. Women with more resilient personalities appraised their abortion as less stressful and had higher self-efficacy for coping with the abortion. More positive appraisals predicted greater acceptance/reframing coping and lesser avoidance/denial, venting, support seeking, and religious coping. Acceptance-reframing predicted better adjustment on all measures, whereas avoidance-denial and venting related to poorer adjustment on all measures. Greater support seeking was associated with reduced distress, and greater religious coping was associated with less decision satisfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Major
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Santa Barbara 93106, USA.
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24
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Abstract
This study explored the relationships between mental models of attachment and adjustment to abortion in 408 women undergoing a 1st-trimester abortion at a large free-standing abortion clinic. As expected, mental models of attachment were related to postabortion distress and positive well-being. These relationships were mediated by feelings of self-efficacy for coping with abortion, perceived support from a woman's male partner, and perceived conflict from this same source. Model of self and model of others interacted only in predicting perceived conflict and positive well-being. Model of self was more strongly related to the mediator and outcome variables than was model of others. The effects of model of self, however, were largely a reflection of the overlap between model of self and self-esteem.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Cozzarelli
- Department of Psychology, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66502, USA.
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25
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Major B, Zubek JM, Cooper ML, Cozzarelli C, Richards C. Mixed messages: implications of social conflict and social support within close relationships for adjustment to a stressful life event. J Pers Soc Psychol 1997. [PMID: 9177021 DOI: 10.1037//0022-3514.72.6.1349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The authors examined the impact of women's perceptions of negative (conflict) and positive (support) exchanges with their mothers, partners, and friends before having an abortion on negative (distress) and positive (well-being) indexes of adjustment after the abortion. Preabortion conflict and support from the partner predicted postabortion adjustment in the same affective domain: Conflict uniquely predicted distress, whereas support uniquely predicted well-being. Within-source interactions were observed between support and conflict from mothers and friends. Women who perceived high support from their mothers or friends were more distressed if they also perceived them as sources of high conflict than if they perceived them as sources of low conflict. Among women who perceived their mothers or friends as nonsupportive, no relationship was observed between conflict and distress. Cross-source buffering was not observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Major
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Santa Barbara 93106, USA.
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26
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Major B, Zubek JM, Cooper ML, Cozzarelli C, Richards C. Mixed messages: implications of social conflict and social support within close relationships for adjustment to a stressful life event. J Pers Soc Psychol 1997; 72:1349-63. [PMID: 9177021 DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.72.6.1349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The authors examined the impact of women's perceptions of negative (conflict) and positive (support) exchanges with their mothers, partners, and friends before having an abortion on negative (distress) and positive (well-being) indexes of adjustment after the abortion. Preabortion conflict and support from the partner predicted postabortion adjustment in the same affective domain: Conflict uniquely predicted distress, whereas support uniquely predicted well-being. Within-source interactions were observed between support and conflict from mothers and friends. Women who perceived high support from their mothers or friends were more distressed if they also perceived them as sources of high conflict than if they perceived them as sources of low conflict. Among women who perceived their mothers or friends as nonsupportive, no relationship was observed between conflict and distress. Cross-source buffering was not observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Major
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Santa Barbara 93106, USA.
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27
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Major B. [Cleaning and disinfection of endoscopic material 2. How to unify techniques for flexible and rigid endoscopes in a CHU?]. Soins 1995:45-9. [PMID: 8715151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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28
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Major B. [Cleaning and disinfection of endoscopic material. 1. Current recommendations]. Soins 1995:37-44. [PMID: 8715150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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30
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Abstract
Attributing negative outcomes to prejudice and discrimination may protect the mood and self-esteem of some stigmatized groups. Thus, the overweight may be low in self-esteem because they blame their weight, but not the attitudes of others, for negative outcomes based on their weight. In an experiment, 27 overweight and 31 normal weight college women received either positive or negative social feedback from a male evaluator. Relative to other groups, overweight women who received negative feedback attributed the feedback to their weight but did not blame the evaluator for his reaction. This attributional pattern resulted in more negative mood for these overweight women in comparison with other groups. Dimensions of stigma that may account for differences in the tendency to attribute negative outcomes to prejudice, and implications of these findings for weight loss programs and psychotherapy for the overweight, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Crocker
- Department of Psychology, State University of New York, Buffalo, Amherst 14260
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31
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Abstract
Attributing negative outcomes to prejudice and discrimination may protect the mood and self-esteem of some stigmatized groups. Thus, the overweight may be low in self-esteem because they blame their weight, but not the attitudes of others, for negative outcomes based on their weight. In an experiment, 27 overweight and 31 normal weight college women received either positive or negative social feedback from a male evaluator. Relative to other groups, overweight women who received negative feedback attributed the feedback to their weight but did not blame the evaluator for his reaction. This attributional pattern resulted in more negative mood for these overweight women in comparison with other groups. Dimensions of stigma that may account for differences in the tendency to attribute negative outcomes to prejudice, and implications of these findings for weight loss programs and psychotherapy for the overweight, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Crocker
- Department of Psychology, State University of New York, Buffalo, Amherst 14260
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32
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Major B, Cozzarelli C, Sciacchitano AM, Cooper ML, Testa M, Mueller PM. Perceived social support, self-efficacy, and adjustment to abortion. J Pers Soc Psychol 1990. [PMID: 2231279 DOI: 10.1037//0022-3514.59.3.452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Prior to their having a 1st trimester abortion, women's perceptions of social support from their partner, family, and friends and self-efficacy for coping were assessed. Depression, mood, physical complaints, and anticipation of negative consequences were measured after the 30-min recovery period. As predicted, perceived social support enhanced adjustment indirectly through its effects on self-efficacy. Women who perceived high support from their family, friends, and partners had higher self-efficacy for coping. Higher self-efficacy, in turn, predicted better adjustment on the psychological measures but not on the physical complaint measure. No direct path between social support and adjustment was observed. In addition, women who told close others of their abortion but perceived them as less than completely supportive had poorer postabortion psychological adjustment than either women who did not tell or women who told and perceived complete support.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Major
- Department of Psychology, State University of New York, Buffalo 14260
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33
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Abstract
This study examined the impact of age of participants and the setting in which touch occurred on gender patterns in 799 instances of observed intentional touch. Gender asymmetry, a pattern in which men are more likely to touch women than vice versa, was observed when touch between adults was examined but not when touch involving children was examined. Adult touch interactions occurring in public, nonintimate settings showed gender asymmetry, but adult touch interactions occurring in greeting or leave-taking settings did not. Cross-sex touch was more prevalent among adults, whereas same-sex touch was more prevalent when a child was involved. Implications for theoretical perspectives on gender and touch are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Major
- Department of Psychology, State University of New York, Buffalo 14260
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34
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Abstract
Prior to their having a 1st trimester abortion, women's perceptions of social support from their partner, family, and friends and self-efficacy for coping were assessed. Depression, mood, physical complaints, and anticipation of negative consequences were measured after the 30-min recovery period. As predicted, perceived social support enhanced adjustment indirectly through its effects on self-efficacy. Women who perceived high support from their family, friends, and partners had higher self-efficacy for coping. Higher self-efficacy, in turn, predicted better adjustment on the psychological measures but not on the physical complaint measure. No direct path between social support and adjustment was observed. In addition, women who told close others of their abortion but perceived them as less than completely supportive had poorer postabortion psychological adjustment than either women who did not tell or women who told and perceived complete support.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Major
- Department of Psychology, State University of New York, Buffalo 14260
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35
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Abstract
This study examined the impact of age of participants and the setting in which touch occurred on gender patterns in 799 instances of observed intentional touch. Gender asymmetry, a pattern in which men are more likely to touch women than vice versa, was observed when touch between adults was examined but not when touch involving children was examined. Adult touch interactions occurring in public, nonintimate settings showed gender asymmetry, but adult touch interactions occurring in greeting or leave-taking settings did not. Cross-sex touch was more prevalent among adults, whereas same-sex touch was more prevalent when a child was involved. Implications for theoretical perspectives on gender and touch are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Major
- Department of Psychology, State University of New York, Buffalo 14260
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36
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Abstract
The causal impact of attributions and coping self-efficacy on adjustment to abortion was examined. Two hundred and eighty-three women were randomly assigned prior to their abortion to 1 of 3 counseling interventions: 1 designed to alter attributions for unwanted pregnancy (ATT-INT), 1 designed to raise coping expectations (EXP-INT), or a control (standard counseling) group. Depression, mood, anticipated consequences, and physical complaints were assessed postabortion. Women in the ATT-INT or EXP-INT group were better adjusted immediately postabortion than women in the control group. The EXP-INT group was also less depressed than the ATT-INT group. Three individual difference factors were also related to better adjustment: high coping self-efficacy, low self-character blame, and low other-blame. Self-efficacy also predicted adjustment 3 weeks postabortion. Implications for theories of adjustment to major life events, therapeutic interventions to assist coping with such events, and public policy on abortion are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Mueller
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Readjustment Counseling Service, Salem, Oregon
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37
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Wendrock G, Major B, Löffler H, Ciach R, Król J. Influence of the quenched-in state on the decomposition kinetics of Al-21 at.% ZnX at.% Mn Alloys. Cryst Res Technol 1988. [DOI: 10.1002/crat.2170231036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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38
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Abstract
This research investigated gender differences in feelings of personal entitlement with respect to monetary payment for work performed. Two experiments were conducted to test the hypothesis that women's internal standards of fair pay for their work are lower than men's and to examine possible causes of this difference. In Experiment 1, men and women were asked to pay themselves in a private situation what they thought was fair pay for a fixed amount of work. Social comparison information was varied. As predicted, women paid themselves less money than men in the absence, but not the presence, of social comparison information. In Experiment 2, men and women were asked to do as much work as they thought was fair for a fixed, prepaid, amount of money. Subjects believed that their work was either monitored or unmonitored. Women worked significantly longer, did more work, and did more correct work than men in both public and private work settings. Furthermore, women, but not men, worked longer when they believed their work was monitored than when they believed it was unmonitored. Possible explanations for these gender differences are discussed.
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39
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Abstract
We examined cognitive predictors of coping with a negative life event. Women undergoing first-trimester abortion were, before the procedure, surveyed regarding their attributions for their pregnancy, expectations for coping, the meaningfulness of the pregnancy, and the degree to which the pregnancy was intended. After the abortion and again at a follow-up visit, we assessed affective state, physical complaints, anticipated negative consequences, and depression. As predicted, women who blamed their pregnancy on their character coped less well than low self-character blamers, but contrary to predictions, self-behavior blame was unrelated to coping. Women who had high coping expectations before the abortion coped much better than those with low coping expectations. Women who found their pregnancy highly meaningful, however, coped worse immediately after the abortion than did women who found their pregnancy less meaningful. Intentionality of the pregnancy was related to depression three weeks after the abortion, and women accompanied by their partner to the abortion clinic coped less well immediately after the abortion than women unaccompanied by their partner.
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40
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Abstract
We examined cognitive predictors of coping with a negative life event. Women undergoing first-trimester abortion were, before the procedure, surveyed regarding their attributions for their pregnancy, expectations for coping, the meaningfulness of the pregnancy, and the degree to which the pregnancy was intended. After the abortion and again at a follow-up visit, we assessed affective state, physical complaints, anticipated negative consequences, and depression. As predicted, women who blamed their pregnancy on their character coped less well than low self-character blamers, but contrary to predictions, self-behavior blame was unrelated to coping. Women who had high coping expectations before the abortion coped much better than those with low coping expectations. Women who found their pregnancy highly meaningful, however, coped worse immediately after the abortion than did women who found their pregnancy less meaningful. Intentionality of the pregnancy was related to depression three weeks after the abortion, and women accompanied by their partner to the abortion clinic coped less well immediately after the abortion than women unaccompanied by their partner.
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41
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Abstract
This research investigated gender differences in feelings of personal entitlement with respect to monetary payment for work performed. Two experiments were conducted to test the hypothesis that women's internal standards of fair pay for their work are lower than men's and to examine possible causes of this difference. In Experiment 1, men and women were asked to pay themselves in a private situation what they thought was fair pay for a fixed amount of work. Social comparison information was varied. As predicted, women paid themselves less money than men in the absence, but not the presence, of social comparison information. In Experiment 2, men and women were asked to do as much work as they thought was fair for a fixed, prepaid, amount of money. Subjects believed that their work was either monitored or unmonitored. Women worked significantly longer, did more work, and did more correct work than men in both public and private work settings. Furthermore, women, but not men, worked longer when they believed their work was monitored than when they believed it was unmonitored. Possible explanations for these gender differences are discussed.
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Major B, Ciach R, Wendrock G, Löffler H. Determination of the phase ranges during cooling and heating of Al-40wt.%—(0—3) wt.% Mg alloys. Cryst Res Technol 1983. [DOI: 10.1002/crat.2170180809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Puckett CL, Major B, Werner R. Remember the Allen test. Mo Med 1979; 76:81-3, 88. [PMID: 423873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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45
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Hodgson JE, Major B, Portmann K, Quattlebaum FW. Prophylactic use of tetracycline for first trimester abortions. Obstet Gynecol 1975; 45:574-8. [PMID: 1124176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Because the efficacy of prophylactic antibiotic therapy has yet to be established and because numerous variables often hamper studies of such therapy, the results of prophylactic antibiotic therapy were studied in a homogeneous gynecologic population. The patients were 4000 women undergoing first trimester abortions. The surgical procedure, the gynecologists' skill, and the hospital environment were relatively uniform, as was the patient age range. Two groups of 1000 patients each received tetracycline; the other 2000 patients served as controls. The complications associated with abortion were then analyzed in those receiving tetracycline and in the 2000 controls. Complications were less frequent among patients receiving tetracycline. This finding supports the argument of those who favor the prophylactic use of antibiotics in the management of various high-risk surgical problems.
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46
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Major B, Rothe J. [Clinical morbidity in the female population]. Z Arztl Fortbild (Jena) 1973; 67:1055-60. [PMID: 4774651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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47
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Major B, Rothe J. [Peripartal mortality due to puerperal infection following cesarean section]. Z Arztl Fortbild (Jena) 1972; 66:507-10. [PMID: 4638669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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48
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Major B, Rothe J. [Ileus as a cause of death during gestation]. Zentralbl Gynakol 1971; 93:841-8. [PMID: 5132793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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