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Raposo B, Afonso M, Israelsson L, Wähämaa H, Stålesen R, Wermeling F, Hensvold AH, Grönwall C, Rethi B, Klareskog L, Malmström V. Divergent and dominant anti-inflammatory effects of patient-derived anticitrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA) in arthritis development. Ann Rheum Dis 2023; 82:724-726. [PMID: 36604150 PMCID: PMC10176372 DOI: 10.1136/ard-2022-223417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Raposo
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset i Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marcelo Afonso
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset i Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lena Israelsson
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset i Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Heidi Wähämaa
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset i Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ragnhild Stålesen
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset i Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Wermeling
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset i Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Aase Haj Hensvold
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset i Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Caroline Grönwall
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset i Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bence Rethi
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset i Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Klareskog
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset i Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vivianne Malmström
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset i Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
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Khatri S, Hansen J, Pedersen NB, Brandt-Clausen IP, Gram-Nielsen S, Mendes AC, Chronakis IS, Keiding UB, Catrina AI, Rethi B, Clausen MH, Kragstrup T, Astakhova K. Cyclic Citrullinated Peptide Aptamer Treatment Attenuates Collagen-Induced Arthritis. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:2126-2137. [PMID: 35438963 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c00144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We describe the study of a novel aptamer-based candidate for treatment of seropositive rheumatoid arthritis. The candidate is a nanoparticle-formulated cyclic citrullinated peptide aptamer, which targets autoantibodies and/or the immune reactions leading to antibody production. Due to its specificity, the peptide aptamer nanoparticles might not interfere with normal immune functions as seen with other disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs. Over a 3-week course of treatment, joint swelling and arthritis score in collagen-induced rats were significantly decreased compared with animals treated with phosphate-buffered saline, unloaded nanoparticles, or nanoparticles with a noncitrullinated control peptide. The reduction in joint swelling was associated with decreased anticitrullinated peptide autoantibody levels in the blood. Treatment with aptamer nanoparticles also increased interleukin-10 levels. The effect seen with the proposed treatment candidate could be mediated by upregulation of anti-inflammatory mediators and decreased levels of anticitrullinated peptide antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangita Khatri
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs Lyngby 2800, Denmark
| | - Jonas Hansen
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs Lyngby 2800, Denmark
| | - Nadia Bom Pedersen
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs Lyngby 2800, Denmark
| | | | - Sanne Gram-Nielsen
- DTU Biofacility, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs Lyngby 2800, Denmark
| | - Ana C Mendes
- DTU FOOD, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs Lyngby 2800, Denmark
| | | | - Ulrik Bering Keiding
- Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs Lyngby 2800, Denmark
| | - Anca I Catrina
- Department of Medicine/Solna, Division of Rheumatology, Karolinska Institute and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm 164 90, Sweden
| | - Bence Rethi
- Department of Medicine/Solna, Division of Rheumatology, Karolinska Institute and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm 164 90, Sweden
| | - Mads Hartvig Clausen
- IBIO TECH ApS, Copenhagen 2450, Denmark.,Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs Lyngby 2800, Denmark
| | - Tue Kragstrup
- IBIO TECH ApS, Copenhagen 2450, Denmark.,Department of Biomedicine, University of Aarhus, Aarhus C 8000, Denmark
| | - Kira Astakhova
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs Lyngby 2800, Denmark.,IBIO TECH ApS, Copenhagen 2450, Denmark
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Chatzidionysiou K, Circiumaru A, Rethi B, Joshua V, Engstrom M, Hensvold A, Af Klint E, Catrina A. Tocilizumab decreases T cells but not macrophages in the synovium of patients with rheumatoid arthritis while it increases the levels of serum interleukin-6 and RANKL. RMD Open 2021; 7:rmdopen-2021-001662. [PMID: 34112702 PMCID: PMC8194335 DOI: 10.1136/rmdopen-2021-001662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Our knowledge about the effect of tocilizumab (TCZ) on the synovium in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is limited. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of TCZ on citrullination and on inflammation in the synovial tissue and in the peripheral blood. METHODS 15 patients with RA underwent synovial biopsy before and 8 weeks after TCZ initiation. Clinical evaluation was performed at baseline and at 8 weeks. Using immunohistochemistry, we evaluated the expression of CD68, CD3, CD20, osteoprotegerin (OPG) and receptor activator for nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) before and after treatment with TCZ. We also analysed the expression of protein arginine deiminase (PAD)-2 and PAD-4 enzymes in the synovial tissue and protein citrullination patterns with the help of anticitrullinated protein antibody (ACPA) clones 1325:04C03 and 1325:01B09. Serum levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8, RANKL, OPG and C-terminal crosslinked telopeptide type II collagen were measured by ELISA. Paired-wise Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to compare median values before and after treatment. RESULTS Disease activity in patients was reduced from baseline to 8 weeks. Although PAD-2 and PAD-4 expressions remained unchanged after TCZ treatment, the binding of one ACPA clone decreased in the synovial tissue. TCZ did not affect the number of CD68+ macrophages or CD20+ B cells but induced significant decrease in the number of CD3+ T cells. RANKL and OPG expression remained unchanged in the synovial tissue. A significant increase in the levels of IL-6 and RANKL was observed in the serum. This increase was statistically significant in patients who responded to TCZ (achieving Clinical Disease Activity Index low disease activity or remission) but not in non-responders. CONCLUSIONS TCZ reduced synovial T-cell counts but not macrophages. A significant increase of serum IL-6 was observed in responders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Chatzidionysiou
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Gastroentorogy, Dematology and Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden .,Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alexandra Circiumaru
- Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.,Centrum for Rheumatology, Academic Specialist Centrum, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bence Rethi
- Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vijay Joshua
- Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marianne Engstrom
- Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Aase Hensvold
- Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.,Centrum for Rheumatology, Academic Specialist Centrum, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erik Af Klint
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Gastroentorogy, Dematology and Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anca Catrina
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Gastroentorogy, Dematology and Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Klareskog
- Rheumatology Division, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bence Rethi
- Rheumatology Division, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Aase Hensvold
- Rheumatology Division, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Heidi Wähämaa
- Rheumatology Division, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per-Johan Jakobsson
- Rheumatology Division, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Sun M, Rethi B, Krishnamurthy A, Joshua V, Wähämaa H, Catrina SB, Catrina A. An Image-based Dynamic High-throughput Analysis of Adherent Cell Migration. Bio Protoc 2021; 11:e3957. [PMID: 33855109 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.3957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In this protocol, we describe a method to monitor cell migration by live-cell imaging of adherent cells. Scratching assay is a common method to investigate cell migration or wound healing capacity. However, achieving homogenous scratching, finding the optimal time window for end-point analysis and performing an objective image analysis imply, even for practiced and adept experimenters, a high chance for variability and limited reproducibility. Therefore, our protocol implemented the assessment for cell mobility by using homogenous wound making, sequential imaging and automated image analysis. Cells were cultured in 96-well plates, and after attachment, homogeneous linear scratches were made using the IncuCyte ® WoundMaker. The treatments were added directly to wells and images were captured every 2 hours automatically. Thereafter, the images were processed by defining a scratching mask and a cell confluence mask using a software algorithm. Data analysis was performed using the IncuCyte ® Cell Migration Analysis Software. Thus, our protocol allows a time-lapse analysis of treatment effects on cell migration in a highly reliable, reproducible and re-analyzable manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Sun
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Insititutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bence Rethi
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Insititutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Akilan Krishnamurthy
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Insititutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vijay Joshua
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Insititutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Heidi Wähämaa
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Insititutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sergiu-Bogdan Catrina
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anca Catrina
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Center for Rheumatology, Academic Specialist Centre, Stockholm, Sweden
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Catrina A, Krishnamurthy A, Rethi B. Current view on the pathogenic role of anti-citrullinated protein antibodies in rheumatoid arthritis. RMD Open 2021; 7:e001228. [PMID: 33771834 PMCID: PMC8006837 DOI: 10.1136/rmdopen-2020-001228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological findings suggest a potential role for anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) pathogenesis. ACPA-positive RA is associated with unique genetical and environmental risk factors, in contrast to seronegative RA. ACPA-positive healthy individuals are at risk of developing RA and can develop joint pain and bone loss already before disease onset. ACPA injection triggered bone loss and pain-like behaviour in mice and, in the presence of additional arthritis inducers, exacerbated joint inflammation. In cell culture experiments, ACPAs could bind to and modulate a variety of cellular targets, such as macrophages, osteoclasts, synovial fibroblasts, neutrophil granulocytes, mast cells, dendritic cells and platelets, further underlying a potential role for these autoantibodies in triggering pathogenic pathways and providing clues for their mechanisms of action. Patient-derived ACPA clones have been characterised by unique cellular effects and multiple ways to act on the target cells. ACPAs might directly induce stimulatory signals by ligating key citrullinated cell surface molecules or, alternatively, act as immune complexes on Fc receptors and potentially other molecules that recognise carbohydrate moieties. On the contrary to experimentally manufactured ACPA clones, patient-derived ACPAs are highly promiscuous and cross-reactive, suggesting a simultaneous binding to a range of functionally relevant and irrelevant targets. Moreover, several ACPA clones recognise carbamylated or acetylated targets as well. These features complicate the identification and description of ACPA-induced pathogenic mechanisms. In the current review, we summarise recent data on the functional properties of patient-derived ACPAs and present mechanistic models on how these antibodies might contribute to RA pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anca Catrina
- Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Akilan Krishnamurthy
- Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bence Rethi
- Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Hegewald AB, Breitwieser K, Ottinger SM, Mobarrez F, Korotkova M, Rethi B, Jakobsson PJ, Catrina AI, Wähämaa H, Saul MJ. Extracellular miR-574-5p Induces Osteoclast Differentiation via TLR 7/8 in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Front Immunol 2020; 11:585282. [PMID: 33154755 PMCID: PMC7591713 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.585282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by synovial inflammation and joint destruction. Cell-derived small extracellular vesicles (sEV) mediate cell-to-cell communication in the synovial microenvironment by carrying microRNAs (miRs), a class of small non-coding RNAs. Herein, we report that sEV from synovial fluid promote osteoclast differentiation which is attributed to high levels of extracellular miR-574-5p. Moreover, we demonstrate for the first time that enhanced osteoclast maturation is mediated by Toll-like receptor (TLR) 7/8 signaling which is activated by miR-574-5p binding. This is a novel mechanism by which sEV and miRs contribute to RA pathogenesis and indicate that pharmacological inhibition of extracellular miR-574-5p might offer new therapeutic strategies to protect osteoclast-mediated bone destruction in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anett B Hegewald
- Department of Biology, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Kai Breitwieser
- Department of Biology, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Sarah M Ottinger
- Department of Biology, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Fariborz Mobarrez
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marina Korotkova
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bence Rethi
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per-Johan Jakobsson
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anca I Catrina
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Heidi Wähämaa
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Meike J Saul
- Department of Biology, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
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Sun M, Rethi B, Krishnamurthy A, Joshua V, Circiumaru A, Hensvold AH, Ossipova E, Grönwall C, Liu Y, Engstrom M, Catrina SB, Steen J, Malmstrom V, Klareskog L, Svensson C, Ospelt C, Wähämaa H, Catrina AI. Anticitrullinated protein antibodies facilitate migration of synovial tissue-derived fibroblasts. Ann Rheum Dis 2019; 78:1621-1631. [PMID: 31481351 PMCID: PMC6900251 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2018-214967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Rheumatoid arthritis (RA)-specific anti-citrullinated protein/peptide antibodies (ACPAs) might contribute to bone loss and arthralgia before the onset of joint inflammation. We aimed to dissect additional mechanisms by which ACPAs might contribute to development of joint pathology. METHODS Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) were isolated from the synovial membrane of patients with RA. The FLS cultures were stimulated with polyclonal ACPAs (anti-CCP-2 antibodies) purified from the peripheral blood of patients with RA or with monoclonal ACPAs derived from single synovial fluid B cells. We analysed how ACPAs modulate FLS by measuring cell adhesion and mobility as well as cytokine production. Expression of protein arginine deiminase (PAD) enzymes and protein citrullination were analysed by immunofluorescence, and signal transduction was studied using immunoblotting. RESULTS Challenge of FLS by starvation-induced stress or by exposure to the chemokine interleukin-8 was essential to sensitise the cells to ACPAs. These challenges led to an increased PAD expression and protein citrullination and an ACPA-mediated induction of FLS migration through a mechanism involving phosphoinositide 3-kinase activation. Inhibition of the PAD enzymes or competition with soluble citrullinated proteins or peptides completely abolished the ACPA-induced FLS migration. Different monoclonal ACPAs triggered distinct cellular effects in either fibroblasts or osteoclasts, suggesting unique roles for individual ACPA clones in disease pathogenesis. CONCLUSION We propose that transient synovial insults in the presence of a certain pre-existing ACPA repertoire might result in an ACPA-mediated increase of FLS migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Sun
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bence Rethi
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Akilan Krishnamurthy
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vijay Joshua
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alexandra Circiumaru
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Aase Haj Hensvold
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elena Ossipova
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Caroline Grönwall
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yanying Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Marianne Engstrom
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sergiu Bogdan Catrina
- Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska University Hospital and Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johanna Steen
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vivianne Malmstrom
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Klareskog
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Camilla Svensson
- Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Heidi Wähämaa
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anca Irinel Catrina
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Cheuk S, Martini E, Bergh K, Chang D, Rethi B, Ståhle M, Eidsmo L. Granzyme A potentiates chemokine production in IL-17-stimulated keratinocytes. Exp Dermatol 2017; 26:824-827. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.13284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stanley Cheuk
- Dermatology and Venereology Unit; Department of Medicine; Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital; Solna Stockholm Sweden
| | - Elisa Martini
- Dermatology and Venereology Unit; Department of Medicine; Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital; Solna Stockholm Sweden
| | - Kerstin Bergh
- Dermatology and Venereology Unit; Department of Medicine; Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital; Solna Stockholm Sweden
| | - David Chang
- Dermatology and Venereology Unit; Department of Medicine; Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital; Solna Stockholm Sweden
| | - Bence Rethi
- Rheumatology Unit; Department of Medicine; Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital; Solna Stockholm Sweden
| | - Mona Ståhle
- Dermatology and Venereology Unit; Department of Medicine; Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital; Solna Stockholm Sweden
| | - Liv Eidsmo
- Dermatology and Venereology Unit; Department of Medicine; Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital; Solna Stockholm Sweden
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Ujvari D, Jakson I, Babayeva S, Salamon D, Rethi B, Gidlöf S, Hirschberg AL. Dysregulation of In Vitro Decidualization of Human Endometrial Stromal Cells by Insulin via Transcriptional Inhibition of Forkhead Box Protein O1. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171004. [PMID: 28135285 PMCID: PMC5279782 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance and compensatory hyperinsulinemia are characteristic features of obesity and polycystic ovary syndrome, and both are associated with reduced fertility and implantation. There is little knowledge about the effect of insulin on the decidualization process and previous findings are contradictory. We investigated the effect of insulin on the regulation of forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO1), one of the most important transcription factors during decidualization. Endometrial stromal cells were isolated from six healthy, regularly menstruating women and decidualized in vitro. Gene expression levels of six putative FOXO1 target genes (including insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 (IGFBP1) and prolactin (PRL)) were measured with Real-Time PCR following FOXO1 inhibition or insulin treatment. PI3K inhibition was used to identify the possible mechanism behind regulation. Subcellular localization of FOXO1 was analyzed with immunofluorescence. All the genes (IGFBP1, CTGF, INSR, DCN, LEFTY2), except prolactin, were evaluated as FOXO1 target genes in decidualizing stromal cells. Insulin caused a significant dose-dependent inhibition of the verified FOXO1 target genes. It was also demonstrated that insulin regulated FOXO1 target genes by transcriptional inactivation and nuclear export of FOXO1 via PI3K pathway. However, insulin did not inhibit the morphological transformation of endometrial stromal cells via transcriptional inactivation of FOXO1. This study provides new insights on the action of insulin on the endometrium via regulation of FOXO1. It is suggested that hyperinsulinemia results in dysregulation of a high number of FOXO1 controlled genes that may contribute to endometrial dysfunction and reproductive failure. Our findings may illuminate possible reasons for unexplained infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorina Ujvari
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Ivika Jakson
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Shabnam Babayeva
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology II, Azerbaijan Medical University, Baku, Azerbaijan
| | - Daniel Salamon
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bence Rethi
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sebastian Gidlöf
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Angelica Lindén Hirschberg
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Haileselassie Y, Navis M, Vu N, Qazi KR, Rethi B, Sverremark-Ekström E. Lactobacillus reuteri and Staphylococcus aureus differentially influence the generation of monocyte-derived dendritic cells and subsequent autologous T cell responses. Immun Inflamm Dis 2016; 4:315-26. [PMID: 27621814 PMCID: PMC5004286 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Introduction In early‐life, the immature mucosal barrier allows contact between the gut microbiota and the developing immune system. Due to their strategic location and their ability to sample luminal antigen, dendritic cells (DC) play a central role in the interaction of microbes and immune cells in the gut. Here, we investigated how two bacteria associated with opposite immune profiles in children, that is, Lactobacillus (L.) reuteri and Staphylococcus (S.) aureus, influenced the differentiation of monocytes in vitro as well how the generated DC impacted T cell responses. Methods We exposed monocyte cultures to cell‐free supernatants (CFS) from these bacteria during their differentiation to DC. Results The presence of L. reuteri‐CFS during DC differentiation resulted in DC with a more mature phenotype, in terms of up‐regulated surface markers (HLA‐DR, CD86, CD83, CCR7) and enhanced cytokine production (IL6, IL10, and IL23), but had a reduced phagocytic capacity compared with non‐treated monocyte‐derived DC (Mo‐DC). However, upon LPS activation, L. reuteri‐CFS‐generated DC displayed a more regulated phenotype than control Mo‐DC with notable reduction of cytokine responses both at mRNA and protein levels. In contrast, S. aureus‐CFS‐generated DC were more similar to control Mo‐DC both without and after LPS stimulation, but they were still able to induce responses in autologous T cells, in the absence of further T cell stimulation. Conclusions We show that bacterial signals during DC differentiation have a profound impact on DC function and possibly also for shaping the T cell pool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeneneh Haileselassie
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute Stockholm University Stockholm Sweden
| | - Marit Navis
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute Stockholm University Stockholm Sweden
| | - Nam Vu
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute Stockholm University Stockholm Sweden
| | - Khaleda Rahman Qazi
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute Stockholm University Stockholm Sweden
| | - Bence Rethi
- Department of Medicine Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm Sweden
| | - Eva Sverremark-Ekström
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute Stockholm University Stockholm Sweden
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Krishnamurthy A, Sun M, Rethi B, Joshua V, Tarasova N, Wähämaa H, Amara K, Malmström V, Ytterberg J, Catrina A. THU0020 Immature Dendritic Cell Are Potent Osteoclasts Precursors in RA and Are Targeted by RA-Specific Antibodies. Ann Rheum Dis 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-eular.4735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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13
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Liu Y, Krishnamurthy A, Hensvold A, Joshua V, Sun M, Engstrom M, Wähämaa H, Malmström V, Jopling L, Rethi B, Catrina A. AB0078 Role of IL-8 and Its Receptor in Anti-Citrullinated Protein Antibody Mediated Osteoclastogenesis in RA. Ann Rheum Dis 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-eular.5380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Sun M, Joshua V, Haj Hensvold A, Catrina S, Ospelt C, Malmström V, Amara K, Engström M, Wähämaa H, Rethi B, Catrina A. OP0298 Anti-Citrullinated Protein Antibodies Promote Synovial Fibroblasts Migration and Adhesion through A Peptidylarginine Deiminases (PAD) Dependent Pathway. Ann Rheum Dis 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-eular.2748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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15
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Amu S, Lantto Graham R, Bekele Y, Nasi A, Bengtsson C, Rethi B, Sorial S, Meini G, Zazzi M, Hejdeman B, Chiodi F. Dysfunctional phenotypes of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells are comparable in patients initiating ART during early or chronic HIV-1 infection. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e3738. [PMID: 27281071 PMCID: PMC4907649 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000003738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Early initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) is becoming a common clinical practice according to current guidelines recommending treatment to all HIV-1-infected patients. However, it is not known whether ART initiated during the early phase of infection prevents the establishment of abnormal phenotypic features previously reported in CD4+ and CD8+T cells during chronic HIV-1 infection. In this cross-sectional study, blood specimens were obtained from 17 HIV-1-infected patients who began ART treatment shortly after infection (early ART [EA]), 17 age-matched HIV-1-infected patients who started ART during chronic phase of infection (late ART [LA]), and 25 age-matched non-HIV-1-infected controls. At collection of specimens, patients in EA and LA groups had received ART for comparable periods of time. Total HIV-1 DNA was measured in white blood cells by quantitative PCR. The concentration of 9 inflammatory parameters and 1 marker of fibrosis, including sCD14 and β-2 microglobulin, was measured in plasma. Furthermore, expression of markers of abnormal immune activation (human leukocyte antigen - antigen D related [HLA-DR] and CD38), exhaustion (programmed death 1, CD28, CD57) and terminal differentiation (CD127) was measured on CD4+ and CD8+T cells. T-cell proliferation was measured through Ki67 expression. The copies of total HIV-1 DNA in blood were significantly lower (P = 0.009) in EA compared with that in LA group. Only the expression of HLA-DR on naïve CD4+ T cells distinguished EA from LA, whereas expression of 3 surface markers distinguished T-cell populations of HIV-1-infected patients from controls. These included HLA-DR distinguishing CD4+ T cells from EA compared with controls, and also CD38 and CD127 on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, respectively, distinguishing both groups of patients from controls. The sCD14 levels were significantly higher in EA patients, and β-2 microglobulin levels were higher in LA group compared with that in controls. Our results demonstrate an equivalent abnormal expression of activation (HLA-DR and CD38 on CD4+ T cells) and terminal differentiation (CD127 on CD8+ T cells) markers in T cells from both EA and LA patients. The size of total HIV-1 DNA copies in blood of EA was lower compared with LA patients. These findings suggest that some abnormalities taking place in the T-cell compartment during primary HIV-1 infection may not be corrected by early ART.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Amu
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology
| | | | - Yonas Bekele
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology
| | | | | | - Bence Rethi
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology
- Department of Medicine at Solna
| | - Sam Sorial
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet and Unit of Infectious Diseases/Venhälsan, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Genny Meini
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Policlinico S. Maria alle Scotte, Siena, Italy
| | - Maurizio Zazzi
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Policlinico S. Maria alle Scotte, Siena, Italy
| | - Bo Hejdeman
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet and Unit of Infectious Diseases/Venhälsan, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Francesca Chiodi
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology
- ∗Correspondence: Francesca Chiodi, Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Nobels väg 16, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden (e-mail: )
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Haileselassie Y, Navis M, Vu N, Qazi KR, Rethi B, Sverremark-Ekström E. Postbiotic Modulation of Retinoic Acid Imprinted Mucosal-like Dendritic Cells by Probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri 17938 In Vitro. Front Immunol 2016; 7:96. [PMID: 27014275 PMCID: PMC4794487 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactobacilli are widely used as probiotics with beneficial effects on infection-associated diarrhea, but also used in clinical trials of e.g., necrotizing enterocolitis and inflammatory bowel diseases. The possibility of using probiotic metabolic products, so-called postbiotics, is desirable as it could prevent possible side effects of live bacteria in individuals with a disturbed gut epithelial barrier. Here, we studied how Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 cell-free supernatant (L. reuteri-CFS) influenced retinoic acid (RA)-driven mucosal-like dendritic cells (DC) and their subsequent effect on T regulatory cells (Treg) in vitro. RA clearly imprinted a mucosal-like DC phenotype with higher IL10 production, increased CD103 and CD1d expression, and a downregulated mRNA expression of several inflammatory-associated genes (NFκB1, RELB, and TNF). Treatment with L. reuteri-CFS further influenced the tolerogenic phenotype of RA-DC by downregulating most genes involved in antigen uptake, antigen presentation, and signal transduction as well as several chemokine receptors, while upregulating IL10 production. L. reuteri-CFS also augmented CCR7 expression on RA-DC. In cocultures, RA-DC increased IL10 and FOXP3 expression in Treg, but pre-treatment with L. reuteri-CFS did not further influence the Treg phenotype. In conclusion, L. reuteri-CFS modulates the phenotype and function of mucosal-like DC, implicating its potential application as postbiotic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeneneh Haileselassie
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Marit Navis
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Nam Vu
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Khaleda Rahman Qazi
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Bence Rethi
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Eva Sverremark-Ekström
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University , Stockholm , Sweden
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Liu Y, Krishnamurthy A, Hensvold AH, Joshua V, Wähämaa H, Sun M, Engstrom M, Malmström V, Rethi B, Jopling LA, Catrina AI. A1.16 Role of IL-8 and its receptor in anti-citrullinated protein antibody mediated osteoclastogenesis in ra. Ann Rheum Dis 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-209124.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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18
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Sun M, Joshua V, Hensvold AH, Engström M, Catrina SB, Ospelt C, Malmström V, Amara K, Wähämaa H, Rethi B, Catrina AI. A2.13 Ra-associated autoantibodies promote synovial fibroblast migration and adhesion through a peptidylarginine deiminases (pad) dependent pathway. Ann Rheum Dis 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-209124.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Krishnamurthy A, Sun M, Rethi B, Joshua V, Wähämaa H, Tarasova N, Amara K, Malmström V, Ytterberg J, Catrina AI. A2.29 Immature dendritic cells are potent osteoclasts precursors in ra and are targeted by ra-specific antibodies. Ann Rheum Dis 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-209124.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Bekele Y, Amu S, Bobosha K, Lantto R, Nilsson A, Endale B, Gebre M, Aseffa A, Rethi B, Howe R, Chiodi F. Impaired Phenotype and Function of T Follicular Helper Cells in HIV-1-Infected Children Receiving ART. Medicine (Baltimore) 2015; 94:e1125. [PMID: 26166114 PMCID: PMC4504540 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000001125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
T follicular helper (Tfh) cells are important components in development of specific humoral immune responses; whether the number and biology of Tfh cells is impaired in HIV-1-infected children is not yet studied.The frequency, phenotype, and function of Tfh cells and B cells were determined in blood of HIV-1-infected children receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) and age-matched controls. Flow cytometry was used to characterize the frequency of Tfh cells and B cell subsets. Cytokine expression was measured after in vitro activation of Tfh cells.A reduced frequency of memory Tfh cells (P < 0.001) was identified in HIV-1-infected children and, on these cells, a reduced expression of programmed death-1 (PD-1) and inducible T cell costimulator (ICOS) (P < 0.001 and P < 0.01). Upon activation, the capacity of Tfh cells to express IL-4, an important cytokine for B cell function, was impaired in HIV-1-infected children.B cell subpopulations in HIV-1-infected children displayed significant differences from the control group: the frequency of resting memory (RM) B cells was reduced (P < 0.01) whereas the frequency of exhausted memory B cells increased (P < 0.001). Interestingly, the decline of RM cells correlated with the reduction of memory Tfh cells (P = 0.02).Our study shows that function and phenotype of Tfh cells, pivotal cells for establishment of adaptive B cell responses, are impaired during HIV-1 infection in children. A consistent reduction of memory Tfh cells is associated with declined frequencies of RM B cells, creating a novel link between dysfunctional features of these cell types, major players in establishment of humoral immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonas Bekele
- From Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (YB, SA, RL, BR, FC); Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (YB, KB, BE, AA, RH); Department of Woman and Child Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (AN); Pediatric Infectious Diseases Unit at the Pediatric Emergency Department, Astrid Lindgren's Children Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (AN); and All Africa Leprosy, Tuberculosis and Rehabilitation Training (ALERT) Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (MG)
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Kiene M, Rethi B, Jansson M, Dillon S, Lee E, Lantto R, Wilson C, Pöhlmann S, Chiodi F. Toll-like receptor 3 signalling up-regulates expression of the HIV co-receptor G-protein coupled receptor 15 on human CD4+ T cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e88195. [PMID: 24558379 PMCID: PMC3928197 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Many HIV-2 and SIV isolates, as well as some HIV-1 strains, can use the orphan 7-transmembrane receptor GPR15 as co-receptor for efficient entry into host cells. GPR15 is expressed on central memory and effector memory CD4+ T cells in healthy individuals and a subset of these cells is susceptible to HIV-1 and SIV infection. However, it has not been determined whether GPR15 expression is altered in the context of HIV-1 infection. Results Here, we show that GPR15 expression in CD4+ T cells is markedly up-regulated in some HIV-1 infected individuals compared to the rest of the infected patients and to healthy controls. Infection of the PM1 T cell line with primary HIV-1 isolates was found to up-regulate GPR15 expression on the infected cells, indicating that viral components can induce GPR15 expression. Up-regulation of GPR15 expression on CD4+ T cells was induced by activation of Toll-like receptor 3 signalling via TIR-domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon-β (TRIF) and was more prominent on gut-homing compared to lymph node-homing CD4+ T cells. Conclusion These results suggest that infection-induced up-regulation of GPR15 expression could increase susceptibility of CD4+ T cells to HIV infection and target cell availability in the gut in some infected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Kiene
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bence Rethi
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marianne Jansson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Stephanie Dillon
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Eric Lee
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Rebecka Lantto
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cara Wilson
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Stefan Pöhlmann
- Infection Biology Unit, German Primate Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Francesca Chiodi
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
We observed a cell concentration-dependent differentiation switch among cultured dendritic cells (DCs) triggered by lactic acid, a product of glycolytic metabolism. In particular, while interleukin (IL)-12, IL-23, and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα)-producing, migratory DCs developed in sparse cultures, IL-10-producing, non-migratory DCs differentiated in dense cultures. This points to a novel opportunity for tailoring DC-based anticancer therapies through metabolism modulation in developing DCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aikaterini Nasi
- Department of Microbiology; Tumor and Cell Biology; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bence Rethi
- Department of Microbiology; Tumor and Cell Biology; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm, Sweden
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Nasi A, Fekete T, Krishnamurthy A, Snowden S, Rajnavölgyi E, Catrina AI, Wheelock CE, Vivar N, Rethi B. Dendritic Cell Reprogramming by Endogenously Produced Lactic Acid. J I 2013; 191:3090-9. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1300772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Weidner JM, Kanatani S, Hernández-Castañeda MA, Fuks JM, Rethi B, Wallin RPA, Barragan A. Rapid cytoskeleton remodelling in dendritic cells following invasion by Toxoplasma gondii coincides with the onset of a hypermigratory phenotype. Cell Microbiol 2013; 15:1735-52. [PMID: 23534541 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Revised: 03/08/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Host cell manipulation is an important feature of the obligate intracellular parasite Toxoplasma gondii. Recent reports have shown that the tachyzoite stages subvert dendritic cells (DC) as a conduit for dissemination (Trojan horse) during acute infection. To examine the cellular basis of these processes, we performed a detailed analysis of the early events following tachyzoite invasion of human monocyte-derived DC. We demonstrate that within minutes after tachyzoite penetration, profound morphological changes take place in DC that coincide with a migratory activation. Active parasite invasion of DC led to cytoskeletal actin redistribution with loss of adhesive podosome structures and redistribution of integrins (CD18 and CD11c), that concurred with the onset of DC hypermotility in vitro. Inhibition of parasite rhoptry secretion and invasion, but not inhibition of parasite or host cell protein synthesis, abrogated the onset of morphological changes and hypermotility in DC dose-dependently. Also, infected DC, but not by-stander DC, exhibited upregulation of C-C chemokine receptor 7 (CCR7). Yet, the onset of parasite-induced DC hypermotility preceded chemotactic migratory responsesin vitro. Collectively, present data reveal that invasion of DC by T. gondii initiates a series of regulated events, including rapid cytoskeleton rearrangements, hypermotility and chemotaxis, that promote the migratory activation of DC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M Weidner
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden; Swedish Institute for Communicable Disease Control, Stockholm, Sweden
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Szabo A, Gogolak P, Pazmandi K, Kis-Toth K, Riedl K, Wizel B, Lingnau K, Bacsi A, Rethi B, Rajnavolgyi E. The two-component adjuvant IC31® boosts type i interferon production of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells via ligation of endosomal TLRs. PLoS One 2013; 8:e55264. [PMID: 23405128 PMCID: PMC3566214 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0055264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2012] [Accepted: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to characterize and identify the mode of action of IC31®, a two-component vaccine adjuvant. We found that IC31® was accumulated in human peripheral blood monocytes, MHC class II positive cells and monocyte-derived DCs (moDCs) but not in plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs). In the presence of IC31® the differentiation of inflammatory CD1a+ moDCs and the secretion of chemokines, TNF-α and IL-6 cytokines was inhibited but the production of IFNβ was increased. Sustained addition of IC31® to differentiating moDCs interfered with IκBα phosphorylation, while the level of phospho-IRF3 increased. We also showed that both IC31® and its KLK component exhibited a booster effect on type I IFN responses induced by the specific ligands of TLR3 or TLR7/8, whereas TLR9 ligand induces type I IFN production only in the presence of IC31® or ODN1. Furthermore, long term incubation of moDCs with IC31® caused significantly higher expression of IRF and IFN genes than a single 24 hr treatment. The adjuvant activity of IC31® on the IFN response was shown to be exerted through TLRs residing in the vesicular compartment of moDCs. Based on these results IC31® was identified as a moDC modulatory adjuvant that sets the balance of the NF-κB and IRF3 mediated signaling pathways to the production of IFNβ. Thus IC31® is emerging as a potent adjuvant to increase immune responses against intracellular pathogens and cancer in future vaccination strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attila Szabo
- Department of Immunology, Medical and Health Science Centre, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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Fuks JM, Arrighi RBG, Weidner JM, Kumar Mendu S, Jin Z, Wallin RPA, Rethi B, Birnir B, Barragan A. GABAergic signaling is linked to a hypermigratory phenotype in dendritic cells infected by Toxoplasma gondii. PLoS Pathog 2012; 8:e1003051. [PMID: 23236276 PMCID: PMC3516538 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2012] [Accepted: 10/10/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
During acute infection in human and animal hosts, the obligate intracellular protozoan Toxoplasma gondii infects a variety of cell types, including leukocytes. Poised to respond to invading pathogens, dendritic cells (DC) may also be exploited by T. gondii for spread in the infected host. Here, we report that human and mouse myeloid DC possess functional γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors and the machinery for GABA biosynthesis and secretion. Shortly after T. gondii infection (genotypes I, II and III), DC responded with enhanced GABA secretion in vitro. We demonstrate that GABA activates GABAA receptor-mediated currents in T. gondii-infected DC, which exhibit a hypermigratory phenotype. Inhibition of GABA synthesis, transportation or GABAA receptor blockade in T. gondii-infected DC resulted in impaired transmigration capacity, motility and chemotactic response to CCL19 in vitro. Moreover, exogenous GABA or supernatant from infected DC restored the migration of infected DC in vitro. In a mouse model of toxoplasmosis, adoptive transfer of infected DC pre-treated with GABAergic inhibitors reduced parasite dissemination and parasite loads in target organs, e.g. the central nervous system. Altogether, we provide evidence that GABAergic signaling modulates the migratory properties of DC and that T. gondii likely makes use of this pathway for dissemination. The findings unveil that GABA, the principal inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain, has activation functions in the immune system that may be hijacked by intracellular pathogens. Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite and an important food- and water-borne human and veterinary pathogen. Toxoplasmosis is normally self-limiting but severe manifestations occur upon congenital transmission to the developing fetus or during infection in immune-compromised individuals. Toxoplasma invades a variety of cell types and mounting evidence shows that certain white blood cells, e.g. dendritic cells, can shuttle parasites in the infected host by a Trojan horse type of mechanism. Dendritic cells are considered the gatekeepers of the immune system but can, paradoxically, also mediate dissemination of the parasite. Previous work has shown that Toxoplasma induces a hypermigratory state in dendritic cells when they become infected. Here, we show that, shortly after infection by the parasite, dendritic cells start secreting γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), also known as the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain. We show that dendritic cells express GABA receptors, as well as the machinery to synthesize and transport GABA. When GABA synthesis, transport or receptor function was inhibited, the migration of infected dendritic cells was impaired. In a mouse model of toxoplasmosis, treatment of infected dendritic cells with GABA inhibitors resulted in reduced propagation of the parasite. This study establishes that GABAergic signaling modulates the migratory properties of dendritic cells and that the intracellular pathogen Toxoplasma gondii sequesters the GABAergic signaling of dendritic cells to assure propagation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas M. Fuks
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
- Swedish Institute for Communicable Disease Control, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Romanico B. G. Arrighi
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
- Swedish Institute for Communicable Disease Control, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jessica M. Weidner
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
- Swedish Institute for Communicable Disease Control, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Zhe Jin
- Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Robert P. A. Wallin
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bence Rethi
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bryndis Birnir
- Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Antonio Barragan
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
- Swedish Institute for Communicable Disease Control, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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Ruffin N, Lantto R, Pensieroso S, Sammicheli S, Hejdeman B, Rethi B, Chiodi F. Immune activation and increased IL-21R expression are associated with the loss of memory B cells during HIV-1 infection. J Intern Med 2012; 272:492-503. [PMID: 22530560 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2796.2012.02550.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Microbial translocation and chronic immune activation were previously shown to be associated with impairment of T cell functions and disease progression during infection with human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1); however, their impact on B cell function and number remains unknown. By measuring markers of immune activation and molecules involved in apoptosis regulation, we have evaluated the association between microbial translocation and loss of memory B cells in HIV-1-infected patients. METHODS Markers of activation [the interleukin-21 receptor (IL-21R) and CD38] and apoptosis (Bim, Bcl-2 and annexin V) were measured in B cell subpopulations by multicolour flow cytometry. Levels of soluble CD14 (sCD14) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), measures of microbial translocation, were determined in plasma. Purified B cells were also exposed in vitro to Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands. RESULTS IL-21R expression was higher in cells from HIV-1-infected patients, compared with control subjects, with the highest levels in nontreated patients. An inverse correlation was observed between IL-21R expression and percentages of circulating resting memory (RM) B cells. IL-21R-positive memory B cells were also more susceptible to spontaneous apoptosis and displayed lower levels of Bcl-2. It is interesting that the levels of sCD14, which are increased during HIV-1 infection, were correlated with decreased percentages of RM B cells and high IL-21R expression. In the plasma of HIV-1-infected individuals, a correlation was found between sCD14 and LPS levels. TLR activation of B cells in vitro resulted in IL-21R up-regulation. CONCLUSIONS Microbial translocation and the associated immune activation during HIV-1 infection may lead to high expression levels of the IL-21R activation marker in RM B cells, a feature associated with increased apoptosis and a reduced number of these cells in the circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Ruffin
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet Venhälsan, South Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Rethi B, Eidsmo L. FasL and TRAIL signaling in the skin during cutaneous leishmaniasis - implications for tissue immunopathology and infectious control. Front Immunol 2012; 3:163. [PMID: 22723798 PMCID: PMC3377931 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2012.00163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2012] [Accepted: 05/31/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is associated with chronic inflammation and ulceration of the skin. Tissue macrophages serve as host cells and immune activation is necessary for parasite clearance. The balance between immune-mediated tissue destruction and successful clearance of infection is delicate and ulceration has been proposed to be a result of infiltration of activated immune cells into the skin. FasL and TRAIL play a dual role in skin homeostasis through induction of apoptosis as well as proinflammatory signaling. During leishmaniasis, dysregulation of both FasL and TRAIL has been described by us and others but the resulting pathogenic effects in the skin during human leishmaniasis are not fully elucidated. Targeting disease specific immune deviations has proven to be a promising new approach for the therapy of autoimmune diseases. Potentially, targeting FasL or TRAIL in combination with microcidals could offer a future treatment strategy to reduce the disfiguring immunopathology associated with CL. In this mini review we will discuss how FasL and TRAIL-induced signaling may influence on the extent of tissue inflammation and the efficacy of parasite clearance in leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bence Rethi
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Sammicheli S, Ruffin N, Lantto R, Vivar N, Chiodi F, Rethi B. IL-7 modulates B cells survival and activation by inducing BAFF and CD70 expression in T cells. J Autoimmun 2012; 38:304-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2012.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2011] [Revised: 01/13/2012] [Accepted: 01/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Ruffin N, Thang PH, Rethi B, Nilsson A, Chiodi F. The impact of inflammation and immune activation on B cell differentiation during HIV-1 infection. Front Immunol 2012; 2:90. [PMID: 22566879 PMCID: PMC3342368 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2011.00090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2011] [Accepted: 12/19/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
One important pathogenic feature of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 infection is chronic immune activation and impaired survival of T and B cells. A decline of resting memory B cells was reported to occur in both children and adults infected with HIV-1; these cells are responsible for maintaining an adequate serological response to antigens previously encountered in life through natural infection or vaccination. Further understanding of the mechanisms leading to impaired B cell differentiation and germinal center reaction might be essential to design new HIV vaccines and therapies that could improve humoral immune responses in HIV-1 infected individuals. In the present article we summarize the literature and present our view on critical mechanisms of B cell development impaired during HIV-1 infection. We also discuss the impact of microbial translocation, a driving force for persistent inflammation during HIV-1 infection, on survival of terminally differentiated B cells and how the altered expression of cytokines/chemokines pivotal for communication between T and B cells in lymphoid tissues may impair formation of memory B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Ruffin
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet Stockholm, Sweden
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Fekete T, Szabo A, Beltrame L, Vivar N, Pivarcsi A, Lanyi A, Cavalieri D, Rajnavölgyi E, Rethi B. Constraints for monocyte-derived dendritic cell functions under inflammatory conditions. Eur J Immunol 2011; 42:458-69. [PMID: 22057588 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201141924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2011] [Revised: 09/30/2011] [Accepted: 10/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The activation of TLRs expressed by macrophages or DCs, in the long run, leads to persistently impaired functionality. TLR signals activate a wide range of negative feedback mechanisms; it is not known, however, which of these can lead to long-lasting tolerance for further stimulatory signals. In addition, it is not yet understood how the functionality of monocyte-derived DCs (MoDCs) is influenced in inflamed tissues by the continuous presence of stimulatory signals during their differentiation. Here we studied the role of a wide range of DC-inhibitory mechanisms in a simple and robust model of MoDC inactivation induced by early TLR signals during differentiation. We show that the activation-induced suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1), IL-10, STAT3, miR146a and CD150 (SLAM) molecules possessed short-term inhibitory effects on cytokine production but did not induce persistent DC inactivation. On the contrary, the LPS-induced IRAK-1 downregulation could alone lead to persistent MoDC inactivation. Studying cellular functions in line with the activation-induced negative feedback mechanisms, we show that early activation of developing MoDCs allowed only a transient cytokine production that was followed by the downregulation of effector functions and the preservation of a tissue-resident non-migratory phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tünde Fekete
- Department of Immunology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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Sammicheli S, Dang Vu Phuong L, Ruffin N, Pham Hong T, Lantto R, Vivar N, Chiodi F, Rethi B. IL-7 promotes CD95-induced apoptosis in B cells via the IFN-γ/STAT1 pathway. PLoS One 2011; 6:e28629. [PMID: 22194871 PMCID: PMC3237470 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0028629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2011] [Accepted: 11/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-7 (IL-7) concentrations are increased in the blood of CD4+ T cell depleted individuals, including HIV-1 infected patients. High IL-7 levels might stimulate T cell activation and, as we have shown earlier, IL-7 can prime resting T cell to CD95 induced apoptosis as well. HIV-1 infection leads to B cell abnormalities including increased apoptosis via the CD95 (Fas) death receptor pathway and loss of memory B cells. Peripheral B cells are not sensitive for IL-7, due to the lack of IL-7Ra expression on their surface; however, here we demonstrate that high IL-7 concentration can prime resting B cells to CD95-mediated apoptosis via an indirect mechanism. T cells cultured with IL-7 induced high CD95 expression on resting B cells together with an increased sensitivity to CD95 mediated apoptosis. As the mediator molecule responsible for B cell priming to CD95 mediated apoptosis we identified the cytokine IFN-γ that T cells secreted in high amounts in response to IL-7. These results suggest that the lymphopenia induced cytokine IL-7 can contribute to the increased B cell apoptosis observed in HIV-1 infected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Sammicheli
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Linh Dang Vu Phuong
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nicolas Ruffin
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thang Pham Hong
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rebecka Lantto
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nancy Vivar
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Francesca Chiodi
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bence Rethi
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Vivar N, Ruffin N, Sammicheli S, Hejdeman B, Rethi B, Chiodi F. Survival and Proliferation of CD28- T Cells During HIV-1 Infection Relate to the Amplitude of Viral Replication. J Infect Dis 2011; 203:1658-67. [DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jir156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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Thang PH, Ruffin N, Brodin D, Rethi B, Cam PD, Hien NT, Lopalco L, Vivar N, Chiodi F. The role of IL-1beta in reduced IL-7 production by stromal and epithelial cells: a model for impaired T-cell numbers in the gut during HIV-1 infection. J Intern Med 2010; 268:181-93. [PMID: 20497296 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2796.2010.02241.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Interleukin (IL)-7 is a key cytokine in T-cell homeostasis. Stromal cells, intestinal epithelial cells and keratinocytes are known to produce this cytokine. The mechanisms and cellular factors regulating IL-7 production are still unclear. We assessed whether IL-1beta and interferon (IFN)-gamma, cytokines produced during inflammatory conditions, may impact on IL-7 production. DESIGN We used human intestinal epithelial cells (DLD-1 cell line) and bone marrow stromal cells (HS27 cell line), known to produce IL-7; IL-7 production was evaluated at the mRNA and protein levels. To assess whether treatment of HS27 cells with IL-1beta and/or IFN-gamma leads to changes in the gene expression of cytokines, Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and chemokines, we analysed gene expression profiles using the whole-genome microarray Human Gene 1.0 ST. RESULTS We found that IFN-gamma enhanced the expression of IL-7 mRNA (P < 0.001) in both cell lines. IL-1beta treatment led to a significant down-regulation (P < 0.001) of IL-7 mRNA expression in both cell lines. The IL-7 concentration in supernatants collected from treated DLD-1 and HS27 cell cultures reflected the trend of IL-7 mRNA levels. The gene profiles revealed dramatic changes in expression of cytokines and their receptors (IL-7/IL-7R alpha; IL-1alpha,IL-1beta/IL-1R1; IFN-gamma/IFN-gammaR1), of IFN regulatory factors (IRF-1 and 2), of TLRs and of important chemo-attractants for T cells. The microarray results were verified by additional methods. CONCLUSIONS Our results are discussed in the setting of inflammation and T-cell survival in the gut compartment during HIV-1 infection where stromal and epithelial cells may produce factors that contribute to impaired IL-7 homeostasis and homing of T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- P H Thang
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Dammeyer P, Mwakigonja AR, Rethi B, Chiodi F, Wolpert EZ. Vaccination with beta(2)-microglobulin-deficient dendritic cells protects against growth of beta(2)-microglobulin-deficient tumours. Scand J Immunol 2009; 70:44-52. [PMID: 19522767 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2009.02270.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Defects in cell surface expression of major histocompatibility complex class I antigen molecules are common in tumour cells. We have previously described the generation of adaptive immunity to tumour cells deficient in the transporter associated with antigen processing molecule. In this study, we demonstrate enhanced in vivo protection against growth of beta(2)-microglobulin-deficient tumour cells in syngeneic C57Bl/6 mice, following vaccination with beta(2)-microglobulin-deficient dendritic cells. In vitro analysis suggested that vaccinated mice produced CD3+ cells, which could induce apoptosis in syngeneic beta(2)-microglobulin-deficient tumour and non-malignant cells. Further investigation of target cell recognition suggested that also tumour cells lacking expression of classical major histocompatibility complex class I heavy chains and functional transporter associated with antigen processing molecules were recognized by CD3+ effector cells from vaccinated mice. Histopathological examination of organs from vaccinated mice showed no significant vaccination-induced pathology. The present findings point to a new possible strategy to counteract the growth of major histocompatibility complex class I-deficient tumour cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Dammeyer
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Titanji K, Sammicheli S, De Milito A, Mantegani P, Fortis C, Berg L, Kärre K, Travi G, Tassandin C, Lopalco L, Rethi B, Tambussi G, Chiodi F. Altered distribution of natural killer cell subsets identified by CD56, CD27 and CD70 in primary and chronic human immunodeficiency virus-1 infection. Immunology 2007; 123:164-70. [PMID: 17627773 PMCID: PMC2433301 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2007.02657.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Human natural killer (NK) (CD3- CD56+) cells can be divided into two functionally distinct subsets, CD3- CD56(dim) and CD3- CD56(bright). We analysed the distribution of NK cell subsets in primary and chronic human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) infection, to determine if HIV infection stage may influence the subset distribution. In primary infection, contrary to chronic infection, the CD3- CD56(dim) subset was expanded compared to healthy controls. We also studied the effect of antiretroviral therapy administered early in infection and found that NK cell subset distribution was partially restored after 6 months of antiretroviral therapy in primary infection, but not normalized. Recently, NK cells have been divided into CD27- and CD27+ subsets with different migratory and functional capacity and CD27-mediated NK cell activation has been described in mice. We therefore investigated whether CD27 and/or CD70 (CD27 ligand) expression on NK cells, and thus the distribution of these novel NK subsets, was altered in HIV-1-infected patients. We found up-regulated expression of both CD27 and CD70 on NK cells of patients, resulting in higher proportions of CD27(high) and CD70(high) NK cells, and this phenomenon was more pronounced in chronic infection. Experiments conducted in vitro suggest that the high interleukin-7 levels found during HIV-1 infection may participate in up-regulation of CD70 on NK cell subsets. Imbalance of NK cell subsets and up-regulated expression of CD27 and CD70 initiated early in HIV-1 infection may indicate NK cell activation and intrinsic defects initiated by HIV-1 to disarm the innate immune response to the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kehmia Titanji
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Fluur C, Rethi B, Thang PH, Vivar N, Mowafi F, Lopalco L, Foppa CU, Karlsson A, Tambussi G, Chiodi F. Relationship between serum IL-7 concentrations and lymphopenia upon different levels of HIV immune control. AIDS 2007; 21:1048-50. [PMID: 17457102 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0b013e32810c8caa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Serum IL-7 levels correlate with T-cell depletion in HIV-infected individuals. In some patients, we observed that serum IL-7 decreases upon progression to AIDS, suggesting a role for IL-7 in T-cell maintenance in sporadic cases. Interestingly, IL-7 levels were significantly lower in stable long-term non-progressors (LTNP) than in patients who lost the LTNP status in a 3-year follow-up (P < 0.001), indicating that the serum IL-7 concentration might be a valuable marker for maintenance of the LTNP state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Fluur
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Fluur C, De Milito A, Fry TJ, Vivar N, Eidsmo L, Atlas A, Federici C, Matarrese P, Logozzi M, Rajnavölgyi E, Mackall CL, Fais S, Chiodi F, Rethi B. Potential Role for IL-7 in Fas-Mediated T Cell Apoptosis During HIV Infection. J Immunol 2007; 178:5340-50. [PMID: 17404319 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.178.8.5340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
IL-7 promotes survival of resting T lymphocytes and induces T cell proliferation in lymphopenic conditions. As elevated IL-7 levels occur in HIV-infected individuals in addition to high Fas expression on T cells and increased sensitivity to Fas-induced apoptosis, we analyzed whether IL-7 has a regulatory role in Fas-mediated T cell apoptosis. We show that IL-7 up-regulates Fas expression on naive and memory T cells through a mechanism that involves translocation of Fas molecules from intracellular compartments to the cell membrane. IL-7 induced the association of Fas with the cytoskeletal component ezrin and a polarized Fas expression on the cell surface. The potential role of IL-7 in Fas up-regulation in vivo was verified in IL-7-treated macaques and in HIV-infected or chemotherapy treated patients by the correlation between serum IL-7 levels and Fas expression on T cells. IL-7 treatment primed T cells for Fas-induced apoptosis in vitro and serum IL-7 levels correlated with the sensitivity of T cells to Fas-induced apoptosis in HIV-infected individuals. Our data suggest an important role for IL-7 in Fas-mediated regulation of T cell homeostasis. Elevated IL-7 levels associated with lymphopenic conditions, including HIV-infection, might participate in the increased sensitivity of T cells for activation-induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Fluur
- Department of Microbiology and Tumor Biology Center, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Eidsmo L, Fluur C, Rethi B, Eriksson Ygberg S, Ruffin N, De Milito A, Akuffo H, Chiodi F. FasL and TRAIL induce epidermal apoptosis and skin ulceration upon exposure to Leishmania major. Am J Pathol 2007; 170:227-39. [PMID: 17200196 PMCID: PMC1762690 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2007.060068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Receptor-mediated apoptosis is proposed as an important regulator of keratinocyte homeostasis in human epidermis. We have previously reported that Fas/FasL interactions in epidermis are altered during cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) and that keratinocyte death through apoptosis may play a pathogenic role for skin ulceration. To further investigate the alterations of apoptosis during CL, a keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT) and primary human epidermal keratinocytes were incubated with supernatants from Leishmania major-infected peripheral blood mononuclear cells. An apoptosis-specific microarray was used to assess mRNA expression in HaCaT cells exposed to supernatants derived from L. major-infected cultures. Fas and tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) mRNA and protein expression were significantly up-regulated, and apoptosis was detected in both HaCaT and human epidermal keratinocyte cells. The keratinocyte apoptosis was partly inhibited through blocking of Fas or FasL and even more efficiently through TRAIL neutralization. Up-regulation of Fas on keratinocytes in epidermis and the presence of FasL-expressing macrophages and T cells in dermis were previously reported by us. In this study, keratinocytes expressing TRAIL, as well as the proapoptotic receptor TRAIL-R2, were detected in skin biopsies from CL cases. We propose that activation of Fas and TRAIL apoptosis pathways, in the presence of inflammatory mediators at the site of infection, leads to tissue destruction and ulceration during CL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liv Eidsmo
- Department of Microbiology, Karolinska Institutet, MTC, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Gogolak P, Rethi B, Szatmari I, Lanyi A, Dezso B, Nagy L, Rajnavolgyi E. Differentiation of CD1a- and CD1a+ monocyte-derived dendritic cells is biased by lipid environment and PPARgamma. Blood 2006; 109:643-52. [PMID: 16968896 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2006-04-016840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating data have shown that the microenvironment of dendritic cells modulates subtype differentiation and CD1 expression, but the mechanisms by which exogenous factors confer these effects are poorly understood. Here we describe the dependence of CD1a- monocyte-derived dendritic cell (moDC) development on lipids associated with the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma). We also show the consecutive differentiation of immature CD1a-PPARgamma+ moDCs to CD1a+PPARgamma- cells limited by serum lipoproteins and terminated by proinflammatory cytokines. Immature CD1a- moDCs possess higher internalizing capacity than CD1a+ cells, whereas both activated subtypes have similar migratory potential but differ in their cytokine and chemokine profiles, which translates to distinct T-lymphocyte-polarizing capacities. CD1a+ moDCs stand out by their capability to secrete high amounts of IL-12p70 and CCL1. As lipoproteins skew moDC differentiation toward the generation of CD1a-PPARgamma+ cells and inhibit the development of CD1a+PPARgamma- cells, we suggest that the uptake of lipids results in endogenous PPARgamma agonists that induce a cascade of gene transcription coordinating lipid metabolism, the expression of lipid-presenting CD1 molecules, subtype dichotomy, and function. The presence of CD1a-PPARgamma+ and CD1a+PPARgamma- DCs in lymph nodes and in pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis confirms the functional relevance of these DC subsets in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Gogolak
- Institute of Immunology, Department of Pathology, Research Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen, 98 Nagyerdei Blv Debrecen, H-4012 Hungary
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Rethi B, Fluur C, Atlas A, Grützmeier S, De Milito A, Rajnavölgyi É, Chiodi F. Loss of IL-7Ra is Associated With CD4+ T Cell Depletion, High IL-7 Levels and CD28 Down-regulation in HIV Infected Patients. Retrovirology 2005. [DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-2-s1-p84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Rethi B, Fluur C, Atlas A, Krzyzowska M, Mowafi F, Grützmeier S, De Milito A, Bellocco R, Falk KI, Rajnavölgyi E, Chiodi F. Loss of IL-7Ralpha is associated with CD4 T-cell depletion, high interleukin-7 levels and CD28 down-regulation in HIV infected patients. AIDS 2005; 19:2077-86. [PMID: 16284456 DOI: 10.1097/01.aids.0000189848.75699.0f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Elevated levels of interleukin (IL)-7 are present in the blood of HIV-positive patients and it is known that IL-7 receptor (IL-7R)alpha expression decreases on T cells during HIV infection. The subset(s) of T cells with low IL-7Ralpha and the consequence of low IL-7Ralpha expression for T-cell survival are poorly characterized. DESIGN The frequency of IL-7Ralpha-negative T cells in HIV-positive patients was studied in relation to CD4 T-cell counts, IL-7 concentration and survival in culture. We analysed IL-7Ralpha expression in different T-cell populations and in relation to Bcl-2 expression. METHODS Specimens from 38 HIV-1 patients and 17 controls were examined. IL-7Ralpha and Bcl-2 expression in different T-cell populations was studied by flow cytometry. The influence of IL-7Ralpha expression on T-cell survival was studied by culturing T cells in the presence of IL-7. RESULTS Down-regulation of IL-7Ralpha on T cells correlated with depletion of CD4 T cells (P < 0.001) and also with increased concentration of serum IL-7 (P < 0.05). The decreased IL-7Ralpha expression was associated with low Bcl-2 expression and with the reduced survival capacity of T cells in the presence of IL-7 in vitro. Particularly, T cells with memory phenotype showed a decreased IL-7Ralpha expression in association with CD28 down-regulation. CONCLUSIONS The positive effects of IL-7 on survival and homeostatic proliferation of T cells might be severely impaired in HIV-infected individuals due to IL-7Ralpha down-regulation. Differentiation towards a CD28-negative memory phenotype in response to chronic activation may lead to an overall decrease of IL-7 mediated survival within the peripheral T-cell pool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bence Rethi
- Microbiology and Tumor Biology Center, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Ludanyi K, Gogolak P, Rethi B, Magocsi M, Detre C, Matko J, Rajnavolgyi E. Fine-tuning of helper T cell activation and apoptosis by antigen-presenting cells. Cell Signal 2005; 16:939-50. [PMID: 15157673 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2004.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2003] [Accepted: 01/09/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The role of antigen-presenting cells (APC) in regulating helper T cell responses and activation-induced cell death (AICD) was investigated in vitro. T cell activation was monitored by measuring the early rise of intracellular free calcium [Ca+]ic, mRNA and cell surface expression of activation and apoptotic molecules, the production of cytokines and the activation of transcription factors. Our results demonstrate that the unique characteristics of a given APC can modify the threshold, kinetics and magnitude of the T cell response. The rapid and sustained rise of intracellular free calcium correlated well with the extent of cytokine production and the expression of activation molecules. Fas-dependent AICD could be induced by the most potent antigen-presenting cell (2PK3) only. Our results demonstrate that the response and fate of effector/memory CD4+ helper T lymphocytes is highly dependent on the individual properties of the APC they encounter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katalin Ludanyi
- Institute of Immunology, Medical and Health Science Center, University of Debrecen, 98 Nagyerdei Boulevard, Debrecen H-4012, Hungary
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Rajnavolgyi E, Benbernou N, Rethi B, Reynolds D, Young HA, Magocsi M, Muegge K, Durum SK. IL-7 withdrawal induces a stress pathway activating p38 and Jun N-terminal kinases. Cell Signal 2002; 14:761-9. [PMID: 12034357 DOI: 10.1016/s0898-6568(02)00026-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
IL-7 delivers survival signals to cells at an early stage in lymphoid development. In the absence of IL-7, pro-T cells undergo programmed cell death, which has previously been associated with a decline in Bcl-2 and translocation of Bax from cytosol to mitochondria. A new, earlier feature of IL-7 withdrawal was identified using an IL-7-dependent thymocyte line. We observed that withdrawal of IL-7 induced increased expression of jun and fos family member genes including c-jun, junB, junD, c-fos and fra2. This transient response peaked 3-4 h after IL-7 was withdrawn and resulted in increased DNA-binding activity of AP-1 and in a change in the composition of the Jun/Fos family dimers shown by electrophoretic mobility shift and supershift assays. Induction of jun and fos genes and the increased DNA-binding activity of AP-1 were attributable to the phosphorylation-induced activation of the stress kinases p38 and JNK and were blocked by the chemical kinase inhibitors SB203580 and SB202190. The stress response contributed to cell death following IL-7 withdrawal as shown by blocking the activity of the stress (MAP) kinases or by blocking the production of c-Jun and c-Fos using antisense oligonucleotides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Rajnavolgyi
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunoregulation, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Building 560, Room 31-71, Frederick, MD 21702-1201, USA
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